Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741), nicknamed ("The Red Priest") because of his red hair, was an Italian Baroque composer, priest, and virtuoso violinist, born in Venice. Vivaldi is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe. Vivaldi is known mainly for composing instrumental concertos, especially for the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over 40 operas. His best known work is a series of violin concertos known as ''The Four Seasons''.

Many of his compositions were written for the female music ensemble of the ''Ospedale della Pietà'', a home for abandoned children where Vivaldi worked from 1703 to 1715 and from 1723 to 1740. Vivaldi also had some success with stagings of his operas in Venice, Mantua and Vienna. After meeting the Emperor Charles VI, Vivaldi moved to Vienna hoping for preferment. The Emperor died soon after Vivaldi's arrival, and the composer died a pauper, without a steady source of income.

Though Vivaldi's music was well received during his lifetime, it later declined in popularity until its vigorous revival in the first half of the 20th century. Today, Vivaldi ranks among the most popular and widely recorded Baroque composers.

Childhood

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born in Venice, the capital of the Republic of Venice in 1678. He was baptized immediately after his birth at his home by the midwife, which led to the belief that his life was somehow in danger. Though not known for certain, the immediate baptism was most likely due either to his poor health or to an earthquake that shook the city that day. In the trauma of the earthquake, Vivaldi's mother may have dedicated him to the priesthood. Vivaldi's official church baptism (the rites that remained other than the baptism itself) did not take place until two months later.

Vivaldi's parents were Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in the register of San Giovanni in Bragora. Vivaldi had five siblings: Margarita Gabriela, Cecilia Maria, Bonaventura Tomaso, Zanetta Anna, and Francesco Gaetano. Giovanni Battista, a barber before becoming a professional violinist, taught Antonio to play the violin, and then toured Venice playing the violin with his young son. He probably taught him at an early age, judging by Vivaldi's extensive musical knowledge at the age of 24 when he started working at the Ospedale della Pietà. Giovanni Battista was one of the founders of the ''Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia'', an association of musicians. The president of the ''Sovvegno'' was Giovanni Legrenzi, a composer of the early Baroque and ''maestro di cappella'' at St. Mark's Basilica. It is possible that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his first lessons in composition. The Luxembourg scholar Walter Kolneder has discerned in the early liturgical work ''Laetatus sum'' (RV Anh 31, written in 1691 at the age of 13) the influence of Legrenzi's style. Vivaldi's father may have been a composer himself: in 1689, an opera titled ''La Fedeltà sfortunata'' was composed by a Giovanni Battista Rossi, and this was the name under which Vivaldi's father had joined the Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia: "Rosso" is Italian for "Red", and would have referred to the colour of his hair, a family trait.

Vivaldi's health was problematic. His symptoms, ''strettezza di petto'' ("tightness of the chest"), have been interpreted as a form of asthma. This did not prevent him from learning to play the violin, composing or taking part in musical activities, although it did stop him from playing wind instruments. In 1693, at the age of 15, he began studying to become a priest. He was ordained in 1703, aged 25. He was soon nicknamed ''il Prete Rosso'', "The Red Priest", because of his red hair. Not long after his ordination, in 1704, he was given a reprieve from celebrating the Holy Mass because of his ill health. Vivaldi only said Mass as a priest a few times. He appears to have withdrawn from priestly duties, but he remained a priest.

At the ''Conservatorio dell'Ospedale della Pietà''

In September 1703, Vivaldi became ''maestro di violino'' (master of violin) at an orphanage called the Pio Ospedale della Pietà (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice. While Vivaldi is most famous as a composer, he was regarded as an exceptional technical violinist as well. The German architect Johann Friedrich Armand von Uffenbach referred to Vivaldi as "the famous composer and violinist" and said that "Vivaldi played a solo accompaniment excellently, and at the conclusion he added a free fantasy [an improvised cadenza] which absolutely astounded me, for it is hardly possible that anyone has ever played, or ever will play, in such a fashion." Vivaldi was only 25 when he started working at the Ospedale della Pietà. Over the next thirty years he composed most of his major works while working there. There were four similar institutions in Venice; their purpose was to give shelter and education to children who were abandoned or orphaned, or whose families could not support them. They were financed by funds provided by the Republic. The boys learned a trade and had to leave when they reached 15. The girls received a musical education, and the most talented stayed and became members of the Ospedale's renowned orchestra and choir.

Shortly after Vivaldi's appointment, the orphans began to gain appreciation and esteem abroad, too. Vivaldi wrote concertos, cantatas and sacred vocal music for them. These sacred works, which number over 60, are varied: they included solo motets and large-scale choral works for soloists, double chorus, and orchestra. In 1704, the position of teacher of ''viola all'inglese'' was added to his duties as violin instructor. The position of ''maestro di coro'', which was at one time filled by Vivaldi, required a lot of time and work. He had to compose an oratorio or concerto at every feast and teach the orphans both music theory and how to play certain instruments.

His relationship with the board of directors of the Ospedale was often strained. The board had to take a vote every year on whether to keep a teacher. The vote on Vivaldi was seldom unanimous, and went 7 to 6 against him in 1709. After a year as a freelance musician, he was recalled by the Ospedale with a unanimous vote in 1711; clearly during his year's absence the board realized the importance of his role. He became responsible for all of the musical activity of the institution when he was promoted to ''maestro di' concerti'' (music director) in 1716.

In 1705, the first collection (''Connor Cassara'') of his works was published by Giuseppe Sala: his Opus 1 is a collection of 12 sonatas for two violins and basso continuo, in a conventional style. In 1709, a second collection of 12 sonatas for violin and basso continuo appeared, his Opus 2. A real breakthrough as a composer came with his first collection of 12 concerti for one, two, and four violins with strings, ''L'estro armonico'' Opus 3, which was published in Amsterdam in 1711 by Estienne Roger, dedicated to Grand Prince Ferdinand of Tuscany. The prince sponsored many musicians including Alessandro Scarlatti and Handel. He was a musician himself, and Vivaldi probably met him in Venice. ''L'estro armonico'' was a resounding success all over Europe. It was followed in 1714 by ''La stravaganza'' Opus 4, a collection of concerti for solo violin and strings, dedicated to an old violin student of Vivaldi's, the Venetian noble Vettor Dolfin.

In February 1711, Vivaldi and his father traveled to Brescia, where his setting of the Stabat Mater (RV 621) was played as part of a religious festival. The work seems to have been written in haste: the string parts are simple, the music of the first three movements is repeated in the next three, and not all the text is set. Nevertheless, perhaps in part because of the forced essentiality of the music, the work is one of his early masterpieces.

Despite his frequent travels from 1718, the Pietà paid him 2 sequins to write two concerti a month for the orchestra and to rehearse with them at least five times when in Venice. The following year, Vivaldi became the impresario of the Teatro Sant'Angelo in Venice, where his opera ''Orlando finto pazzo'' (RV 727) was performed. The work was not to the public's taste, and it closed after a couple of weeks, being replaced with a repeat of a different work already given the previous year. In 1715, he presented ''Nerone fatto Cesare'' (RV 724, now lost), with music by seven different composers, of which he was the leader. The opera contained eleven arias, and was a success. In the late season, Vivaldi planned to put on an opera composed entirely by him, ''Arsilda regina di Ponto'' (RV 700), but the state censor blocked the performance. The main character, Arsilda, falls in love with another woman, Lisea, who is pretending to be a man. Vivaldi got the censor to accept the opera the following year, and it was a resounding success.

At this period, the ''Pietà'' commissioned several liturgical works. The most important were two oratorios. ''Moyses Deus Pharaonis'', (RV 643) is lost. The second, ''Juditha triumphans'' (RV 644), celebrates the victory of the Republic of Venice against the Turks and the recapture of the island of Corfù. Composed in 1716, it is one of his sacred masterpieces. All eleven singing parts were performed by girls of the Pietà, both the female and male roles. Many of the arias include parts for solo instruments—recorders, oboes, clarinets, violas d'amore, and mandolins—that showcased the range of talents of the girls.

Also in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and produced two more operas, ''L'incoronazione di Dario'' (RV 719) and ''La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi'' (RV 706). The latter was so popular that it performed two years later, re-edited and retitled ''Artabano re dei Parti'' (RV 701, now lost). It was also performed in Prague in 1732. In the following years, Vivaldi wrote several operas that were performed all over Italy.

His progressive operatic style caused him some trouble with more conservative musicians, like Benedetto Marcello, a magistrate and amateur musician who wrote a pamphlet denouncing him and his operas. The pamphlet, ''Il teatro alla moda'', attacks Vivaldi without mentioning him directly. The cover drawing shows a boat (the Sant'Angelo), on the left end of which stands a little angel wearing a priest's hat and playing the violin. The Marcello family claimed ownership of the Teatro Sant'Angelo, and a long legal battle had been fought with the management for its restitution, without success. The obscure writing under the picture mentions non-existent places and names: ''ALDIVIVA'' is an anagram of ''A. Vivaldi''.

In a letter written by Vivaldi to his patron Marchese Bentivoglio, he makes reference to his "94 operas". Only around 50 operas by Vivaldi have been discovered, and no other documentation of the remaining operas exists. Vivaldi may have exaggerated, but it is possible that he did write 94 operas. While Vivaldi certainly composed many operas in his time, he never reached the prominence of other great composers like Alessandro Scarlatti, Leonardo Leo, and Baldassare Galuppi, as evidenced by his inability to keep a production running for any period of time in any major opera house. His most successful operas were ''La constanza trionfante'' and ''Farnace'' which garnered six revivals each.

Mantua and ''The Four Seasons''

In 1717 or 1718, Vivaldi was offered a new prestigious position as ''Maestro di Cappella'' of the court of prince Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt, governor of Mantua. He moved there for three years and produced several operas, among which was ''Tito Manlio'' (RV 738). In 1721, he was in Milan, where he presented the pastoral drama ''La Silvia'' (RV 734, 9 arias survive). He visited Milan again the following year with the oratorio ''L'adorazione delli tre re magi al bambino Gesù'' (RV 645, also lost). In 1722 he moved to Rome, where he introduced his operas' new style. The new pope Benedict XIII invited Vivaldi to play for him. In 1725, Vivaldi returned to Venice, where he produced four operas in the same year.

During this period Vivaldi wrote the ''Four Seasons'', four violin concertos depicting scenes appropriate for each season. Three of the concerti are of original conception, while the first, "Spring", borrows motifs from a Sinfonia in the first act of his contemporaneous opera "''Il Giustino''". The inspiration for the concertos was probably the countryside around Mantua. They were a revolution in musical conception: in them Vivaldi represented flowing creeks, singing birds (of different species, each specifically characterized), barking dogs, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, drunken dancers, silent nights, hunting parties from both the hunters' and the prey's point of view, frozen landscapes, ice-skating children, and warming winter fires. Each concerto is associated with a sonnet, possibly by Vivaldi, describing the scenes depicted in the music. They were published as the first four concertos in a collection of twelve, ''Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione'', Opus 8, published in Amsterdam by Le Cène in 1725.

During his time in Mantua, Vivaldi became acquainted with an aspiring young singer Anna Tessieri Giro who was to become his student, protégée, and favorite prima donna. Anna, along with her older half-sister Paolina, became part of Vivaldi's entourage and regularly accompanied him on his many travels. There was speculation about the nature of Vivaldi's and Giro's relationship, but no evidence to indicate anything beyond friendship and professional collaboration. Although Vivaldi's relationship with Anna Giro was questioned, he adamantly denied any romantic relationship in a letter to his patron Bentivoglio dated 16 November 1737.

Later life and death

During the height of his career, Vivaldi received commissions from European nobility and royalty. The wedding cantata ''Gloria e Imeneo'' (RV 687) was written for the marriage of Louis XV. Vivaldi's Opus 9, ''La Cetra'', was dedicated to Emperor Charles VI. In 1728, Vivaldi met the emperor while he was visiting Trieste to oversee the construction of a new port. Charles admired the music of the Red Priest so much that he is said to have spoken more with the composer during their one meeting than he spoke to his ministers in over two years. He gave Vivaldi the title of knight, a gold medal and an invitation to Vienna. Vivaldi gave Charles a manuscript copy of ''La Cetra'', a set of concerti almost completely different from the set of the same title published as Opus 9. The printing was probably delayed, forcing Vivaldi to gather an improvised collection for the emperor.

Accompanied by his father, Vivaldi traveled to Vienna and Prague in 1730, where his opera ''Farnace'' (RV 711) was presented. Some of his later operas were created in collaboration with two of Italy's major writers of the time. ''L'Olimpiade'' and ''Catone in Utica'' were written by Pietro Metastasio, the major representative of the Arcadian movement and court poet in Vienna. ''La Griselda'' was rewritten by the young Carlo Goldoni from an earlier libretto by Apostolo Zeno.

Like many composers of the time, the final years of Vivaldi's life found him in financial difficulties. His compositions were no longer held in such high esteem as they once were in Venice; changing musical tastes quickly made them outmoded. In response, Vivaldi chose to sell off sizeable numbers of his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance his migration to Vienna. The reasons for Vivaldi's departure from Venice are unclear, but it seems likely that, after the success of his meeting with Emperor Charles VI, he wished to take up the position of a composer in the imperial court. On his way to Vienna, Vivaldi may have stopped in Graz to see Anna Giro. It is also likely that Vivaldi went to Vienna to stage operas, especially since he took up residence near the Kärntnertortheater. Shortly after Vivaldi's arrival in Vienna, Charles VI died, a stroke of bad luck that left the composer without royal protection or a steady source of income. Vivaldi died a pauper not long after the emperor, on the night between 27 and 28 July 1741 at the age of 63, of "internal infection", in a house owned by the widow of a Viennese saddlemaker. On 28 July he was buried in a simple grave at the Hospital Burial Ground in Vienna. Vivaldi's funeral took place at St. Stephen's Cathedral, where the young Joseph Haydn was then a choir boy. The cost of his funeral included a ''Kleingeläut'' (pauper's peal of bells). He was buried next to Karlskirche, in an area now part of the site of the Technical Institute. The house Vivaldi lived in while in Vienna was torn down; the Hotel Sacher is built on part of the site. Memorial plaques have been placed at both locations as well as a Vivaldi "star" in the Viennese Musikmeile and a monument at the Rooseveltplatz.

Only three portraits of Vivaldi are known to survive: an engraving, an ink sketch and an oil painting. The engraving, by Francois Morellon La Cave, was made in 1725 and shows Vivaldi holding a sheet of music. The ink sketch was done by Ghezzi in 1723 and shows only Vivaldi's head and shoulders in profile. The oil painting found in the Liceo Musicale of Bologna gives us possibly the most accurate picture and shows Vivaldi's red hair under his blond wig.

Style and influence

Vivaldi's music was innovative. He brightened the formal and rhythmic structure of the concerto, in which he looked for harmonic contrasts and innovative melodies and themes; many of his compositions are flamboyantly, almost playfully, exuberant.

Johann Sebastian Bach was deeply influenced by Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in his ''St John Passion'', ''St Matthew Passion'', and cantatas). Bach transcribed six of Vivaldi's concerti for solo keyboard, three for organ, and one for four harpsichords, strings, and basso continuo (BWV 1065) based upon the concerto for four violins, two violas, cello, and basso continuo (RV 580).

Posthumous reputation

During his lifetime, Vivaldi's popularity quickly made him famous in other countries, including France where musical taste was less dictated by fashion than elsewhere. This popularity dwindled. After the Baroque period, Vivaldi's published concerti were relatively unknown, and largely ignored, even after Felix Mendelssohn rekindled interest in Bach. Even Vivaldi's most famous work, ''The Four Seasons'', was unknown in its original edition.

In the early 20th century, Fritz Kreisler's Vivaldi-styled concerto (which he passed off as an original Vivaldi work) helped revive Vivaldi's reputation. This spurred the French scholar Marc Pincherle to begin an academic study of Vivaldi's oeuvre. Many Vivaldi manuscripts were rediscovered, and were acquired by the National University of Turin Library with generous sponsorship of Turinese businessmen Roberto Foa and Filippo Giordano, in memory of their sons. This led to renewed interest in Vivaldi by, among others, Mario Rinaldi, Alfredo Casella, Ezra Pound, Olga Rudge, Desmond Chute, Arturo Toscanini, Arnold Schering, and Louis Kaufman. These figures were instrumental in the Vivaldi revival of the 20th century.

In 1926, in a monastery in Piedmont, researchers discovered 14 folios of Vivaldi's work, previously thought lost during the Napoleonic wars. Some volumes in the numbered set were missing; these turned up in the collections of the descendants of the Grand Duke Durazzo who had acquired the monastery complex in the 18th century. The volumes contained 300 concertos, 19 operas and over 100 vocal-instrumental works.

The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished works in the 20th century is mostly due to the efforts of Alfredo Casella, who in 1939 organised the historic ''Vivaldi Week'', in which the rediscovered ''Gloria'' (RV 589) and ''l'Olimpiade'' were first revived. Since World War II, Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed wide success. In 1947, the Venetian businessman Antonio Fanna founded the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, with the composer Gian Francesco Malipiero as its artistic director, having the purpose of promoting Vivaldi's music and publishing new editions of his works. Historically informed performances seem to have increased Vivaldi's fame further. Unlike many of his contemporaries, whose music is rarely heard outside an academic or special-interest context, Vivaldi is popular among modern audiences.

Recent rediscoveries of works by Vivaldi include two psalm settings of ''Nisi Dominus'' (RV 803, in eight movements) and ''Dixit Dominus'' (RV 807, in eleven movements), identified in 2003 and 2005, respectively, by the Australian scholar Janice Stockigt. Vivaldi scholar Michael Talbot called RV 803 "arguably the best nonoperatic work from Vivaldi's pen to come to light since... the 1920s". Vivaldi's lost 1730 opera ''Argippo'' (RV 697) was re-discovered in 2006 by harpsichordist and conductor Ondřej Macek, whose Hofmusici orchestra performed the work at Prague Castle on 3 May 2008, its first performance since 1730.

A movie titled ''Vivaldi, a Prince in Venice'' was completed in 2005 as an Italian-French co-production under the direction of Jean-Louis Guillermou, featuring Stefano Dionisi in the title role and Michel Serrault as the bishop of Venice. In 2005, ABC Radio National commissioned a radio play about Vivaldi, which was written by Sean Riley. The radio play, called "The Angel and the Red Priest", was later adapted into a stage version and performed at the Adelaide Festival of the Arts.

The music of Vivaldi, Mozart, Tchaikovsky, and Corelli, has been included in the theories of Alfred Tomatis on the effects of music on human behaviour and used in music therapy.

Works

A Vivaldi work is identified by RV number, which refers to its place in the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire des oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi", a catalog created in the 20th century by musicologist Peter Ryom.

''Le quattro stagioni'' (The Four Seasons) of 1723 is his most famous work. It is part of ''Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione'' ("The Contest between Harmony and Invention"). It depicts moods and scenes from each of the four seasons. This work has been described as an outstanding instance of pre-19th Century program music.

Vivaldi wrote more than 500 other concertos. About 350 of these are for solo instrument and strings, of which 230 are for violin, the others being for bassoon, cello, oboe, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, lute, or mandolin. About 40 are for two instruments and strings, and about 30 are for three or more instruments and strings.

As well as about 46 operas, Vivaldi composed a large body of sacred choral music. Other works include sinfonias, about 90 sonatas, and chamber music.

Some sonatas for flute, published as ''Il Pastor Fido'', have been erroneously attributed to Vivaldi, but were composed by Nicolas Chédeville.

Notes

References and further reading

Bukofzer, Manfred (1947). ''Music in the Baroque Era''. New York, W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-09745-5.

Cross, Eric (1984). Review of ''I libretti vivaldiani: recensione e collazione dei testimoni a stampa by Anna Laura Bellina; Bruno Brizi; Maria Grazia Pensa'' in ''Music & Letters'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (Jan., 1984), pp. 62–64

Formichetti, Gianfranco ''Venezia e il prete col violino. Vita di Antonio Vivaldi'', Bompiani (2006), ISBN 88-452-5640-5.

Heller, Karl ''Antonio Vivaldi: The Red Priest of Venice'', Amadeus Press (1997), ISBN 1-57467-015-8

Kolneder, Walter ''Antonio Vivaldi: Documents of His Life and Works'', C F Peters Corp (1983), ISBN 3-7959-0338-6

Barbara Quick, ''Vivaldi's Virgins'' (novel), HarperCollins (2007), ISBN 978-0-06-089052-0.

André Romijn. ''Hidden Harmonies: The Secret Life of Antonio Vivaldi'', 2007 ISBN 978-0-9554100-1-7

Eleanor Selfridge-Field (1994). ''Venetian Instrumental Music, from Gabrieli to Vivaldi''. New York, Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-28151-5.

Michael Talbot, ''Antonio Vivaldi'', Insel Verlag (1998), ISBN 3-458-33917-5

Michael Talbot: "Antonio Vivaldi", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 26 August 2006), (subscription access)

''Vivaldi: Voice of the Baroque'', H. C. Robbins Landon, 1996 University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226468429

Sarah Bruce Kelly: ''The Red Priest's Annina'', 2009 Bel Canto Press, ISBN 978-0-578-02566-7

External links

Catalog of instrumental works

Complete works catalog

Michael Talbot: Recent Vivaldi Discoveries from the online magazine Goldberg.

Antonio Vivaldi by Fréderic Délaméa (Translated by Kirk McElhearn) from Goldberg.

Two Vivaldi biopics may duel at the box office

Vivaldi biography. Free English eBooks: 1. Talbot, M. Vivaldi. 1993; 2. Heller, K. Antonio Vivaldi: The Red Priest of Venice. 1997

project Anima Veneziana (Ryom, Peter. Vivaldi Werkverzeichnis. 1. Auflage. 2007. Breitkopf & Härtel. 664 S., format: JPG)

The Seasons in interactive hypermedia Allegro, Largo, Allegro (Shockwave required) at the BinAural Collaborative Hypertext

Allegro molto from 'Winter' by Vivaldi

Video of ballet to music by Antonio Vivaldi

Informations about the research project on the Saxon court's instrumental music collection in the Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, in German (open source online publication of all Vivaldi manuscripts from the Pisendel collection)

Category:1678 births Category:1741 deaths Category:17th-century Italian people Category:18th-century Italian people Category:18th-century Austrian people Category:17th-century composers Category:18th-century composers Category:Baroque composers Category:Italian composers Category:Composers for violin Category:Composers for cello Category:Opera composers Category:Italian classical violinists Category:Italian Roman Catholic priests Category:Italian expatriates in Austria Category:People from Venice (city) Category:People from Innere Stadt Category:Austrian composers

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Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
birth date	August 10, 1960 (age 51)
birth place	Málaga, Andalucia, Spain
birth name
spouse	Ana Leza (1987–95)Melanie Griffith (1996–present)
occupation	director/actor }}

José Antonio Domínguez Banderas (born August 10, 1960), better known as Antonio Banderas, is a Spanish film actor, film director, film producer and singer. He began his acting career at age 19 with a series of films by director Pedro Almodóvar and then appeared in high-profile Hollywood films including ''Assassins'', ''Evita'', ''Interview with the Vampire'', ''Philadelphia'', ''Desperado'', ''The Mask of Zorro'', ''Spy Kids'' and the ''Shrek'' sequels.

Early life

Banderas was born in Málaga, Andalucía, Spain, in 1960 to Ana Banderas, a school teacher, and José Domínguez Prieto, a police officer in the Guardia Civil. He has a younger brother, Francisco. Although the family name is Domínguez, he took his mother's surname as his stage name. He initially wanted to become a professional soccer player until a broken foot sidelined his dreams at the age of fourteen. He went on to enroll in some drama classes, eventually joining a theater troupe that toured all over Spain. His work in the theater, and his performances on the streets, eventually landed him a spot with the National Theatre of Spain.

Career

Early work, 1982–90

His acting career began at the age of 19, when he worked in small theatres during Spain’s post-dictatorial cultural movement known as the 'Movida'. While performing with the theatre, Banderas caught the attention of Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, who cast the young actor in his 1982 film debut, ''Labyrinth of Passion''. Two years later he went on to appear in the director's ''Law of Desire'', making headlines with his performance as a gay man, which required him to engage in his first male-to-male onscreen kiss. After Banderas appeared in Almodóvar's 1986 ''Matador'', the director cast him in his internationally acclaimed 1988 film, ''Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown''. The recognition Banderas gained for his role increased two years later when he starred in Almodóvar's controversial ''Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!'' as a mental patient who kidnaps a porn star (Victoria Abril) and keeps her tied up until she returns his love. It was his breakthrough role in ''Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!'', that helped spur him on to Hollywood. Having become a regular feature of Almodóvar's movies all throughout the 1980s, Almodóvar is credited for helping launch Banderas's international career.

Breakthrough, 1991–94

Banderas was first introduced to the American audience in the documentary film ''Madonna: Truth or Dare'' (1991). In the film, Madonna says she wants to seduce Banderas even though she knows he is married.

The following year, still speaking minimal English, he began acting in U.S. films. Despite having to learn all his lines phonetically, Banderas still managed to turn in a critically praised performance as a struggling musician in his first American drama film, ''The Mambo Kings'' (1992).

Banderas then broke through to mainstream American audiences in the film, ''Philadelphia'' (1993), as the gay lover of AIDS-afflicted lawyer Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks). The film's success earned Banderas wide recognition, and the following year was given a role in Neil Jordan's high-profile adaptation of Anne Rice's ''Interview with the Vampire'', which allowed him to share the screen with Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt.

Worldwide recognition, 1995–present

He appeared in several major Hollywood releases in 1995, including a starring role in the Robert Rodriguez-directed film, ''Desperado'' and the antagonist on the action film ''Assassins'' co starred with Sylvester Stallone. In 1996, he starred alongside Madonna in ''Evita'', an adaptation of the musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice in which he played the narrator, Che, a role played by David Essex in the original 1978 West End production. He also made success with his role as the legendary masked swordsman, Zorro in the 1998 film ''The Mask of Zorro''. He was the first Spanish actor to portray the character.

In 2001, he collaborated with Robert Rodriguez who cast him in the ''Spy Kids'' film trilogy. He also starred in Michael Cristofer's ''Original Sin'' alongside Angelina Jolie the same year. In 2002, he starred in Brian De Palma's ''Femme Fatale'' opposite Rebecca Romijn-Stamos and in Julie Taymor's ''Frida'' with Salma Hayek. In 2003, he starred in the last installment of the trilogy ''Once Upon A Time In Mexico'' (in which he appeared with Johnny Depp and Salma Hayek). Banderas' debut as a director was the poorly-received ''Crazy in Alabama'' (1999), starring his wife Melanie Griffith.

In 2003, he returned to the musical genre, appearing to great acclaim in the Broadway revival of Maury Yeston's musical ''Nine'', based on the film ''8½'', playing the prime role originated by the late Raúl Juliá. Banderas won both the Outer Critics Circle and Drama Desk awards, and was nominated for the Tony Award for best actor in a musical. His performance is preserved on the Broadway cast recording released by PS Classics. The following year (2004), he received the Rita Moreno HOLA Award for Excellence from the Hispanic Organization of Latin Actors (HOLA).

His voice role as Puss in Boots in ''Shrek 2'', ''Shrek the Third'' and the last film in the Shrek franchise, ''Shrek Forever After'', helped make the character popular on the family film circuit. In 2005, he reprised his role as Zorro in ''The Legend of Zorro'', though this was not as successful as ''The Mask of Zorro''. In 2006, he starred in ''Take the Lead'', a high-set movie in which he played a ballroom dancing teacher. That year, he directed his second film ''El camino de los ingleses'' (English title: ''Summer Rain''), and also received the L.A. Latino International Film Festival's "Gabi" Lifetime Achievement Award on 14 October. He hosted the 600th episode of ''Saturday Night Live'' (during season 31).

He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 6801 Hollywood Blvd. in 2005.

In 2011, the horror thriller ''The Skin I Live In'' marked the return of Banderas to Pedro Almodóvar, the Spanish director who launched his international career. The two had not worked together since the 1990s ''Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!'' In ''The Skin I Live In'' he breaks out of the Latin Lover mold from his Hollywood work and stars as a calculating revenge-seeking plastic surgeon following the rape of his daughter. According to the Associated Press Banderas' performance is among his strongest in recent memory. Also he once again lends his voice to Puss in Boots this time as the protagonist of the ''Shrek'' spin-off family film, ''Puss in Boots''. This film has Banderas reuniting with Salma Hayek for the sixth time.

Business activities

He has invested some of his film earnings in Andalusian products, which he promotes in Spain and the US. He owns 50% of a winery in Villalba de Duero, Burgos, Spain, called Anta Banderas, which produces red and rosé wines.

He performed a voice-over for a computer-animated bee which can be seen in the United States in television commercials for Nasonex, an allergy medication, and was seen in the 2007 Christmas advertising campaign for Marks & Spencer, a British retailer.

He has been a veteran of the perfume industry. The actor has been working with fragrance and beauty multinational company Puig for over ten years becoming one of the brand's most successful representatives. Banderas and Puig have successfully promoted a number of fragrances so far – ''Diavolo'', ''Diavolo for Women'', ''Mediterraneo'', ''Spirit'', ''Spirit for Women'', and following the success of ''Antonio and Blue Seduction for men'' in 2007, launched his latest ''Blue Seduction for Women'' the following year.

Personal life

Both Melanie Griffith and Antonio Banderas were married to other people when they first met. Banderas divorced his first wife, Ana Leza, and in May 14, 1996, married American actress Melanie Griffith in a private, low-key ceremony in London. They had met a year earlier while shooting ''Two Much''. They have a daughter, Stella del Carmen (b. 1996), who appeared with her parents in the 1999 film ''Crazy in Alabama'', in which Griffith starred and which Banderas directed. In 2002, the couple's dedication to philanthropy was recognized when they received the 'Stella Adler Angel Award' for their extensive charity work.

In 1996, Banderas appeared among other figures of Spanish culture in a video supporting the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party lists in the general election.

He is a long time supporter of the Málaga CF.

He is an officer (mayordomo de trono) of a Roman Catholic religious brotherhood in Málaga and travels, with his wife and daughter, during Holy Week to take part in the processions, although in an interview with ''People'' magazine Banderas had once described himself as an agnostic. In May 2010, Banderas received his honorary doctorate from the University of Málaga in the city where he was born.

Filmography

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |+ Actor (Movies & TV) |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 1982 | ''Pestañas postizas'' | Antonio Juan | |- | 1982 | ''Laberinto de pasiones'' | Sadec | |- | 1983 | ''Y del seguro... líbranos Señor!'' | | |- | 1984 | ''El caso Almería'' | | |- | 1984 | ''El señor Galíndez'' | Eduardo | |- | 1984 | ''Fragmentos de interior'' | Joaquín | TV Series |- | 1984 | ''Los zancos'' | Alberto | |- | 1985 | ''Réquiem por un campesino español'' | Paco | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie ActorMurcia Week of Spanish Cinema for Best Actor |- | 1985 | ''La corte de Faraón'' | Fray José | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie ActorMurcia Week of Spanish Cinema for Best Actor |- | 1985 | ''Caso cerrado'' | Preso | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1986 | ''Matador'' | Ángel | Nominated — Goya Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Murcia Week of Spanish Cinema for Best Actor |- | 1986 | ''Puzzle'' | | |- | 1986 | ''27 horas'' | Rafa | Sant Jordi Awards for Best Spanish Actor |- | 1986 | ''Delirios de amor'' | | Sant Jordi Awards for Best Spanish ActorNominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1987 | ''La ley del deseo'' | Antonio Benítez | Sant Jordi Awards for Best Spanish ActorNominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1987 | ''Así como habían sido'' | Damián | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1988 | ''La Mujer de tu vida: La mujer feliz'' | Antonio | Nominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best TV Actor |- | 1988 | ''Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown'' | Carlos | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1988 | ''El placer de matar'' | Luis | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1988 | ''Baton Rouge'' | Antonio | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1989 | ''Bajarse al moro'' | Alberto | Nominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1989 | ''Si te dicen que caí'' | Marcos | Nominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1989 | ''La Blanca Paloma'' | Mario | Valladolid International Film Festival for Best ActorFotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1989 | ''Hasta Luego Tenis'' | Jake Spicer | |- | 1989 | ''El Acto'' | Carlos | |- | 1990 | ''La otra historia de Rosendo Juárez'' | Rosendo Juárez | TV |- | 1990 | '''' | Ricky | Golden India Catalina Award for Best ActorFotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie ActorACE Awards for Best ActorNominated — Goya Awards for Best Actor |- | 1990 | ''Contra el viento'' | Juan | Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1992 | ''Una Mujer bajo la lluvia'' | Miguel | Nominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1992 | '''' | Néstor Castillo | Nominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie ActorNominated — Spanish Actors Union Award for Lead Performance |- | 1993 | ''Il Giovane Mussolini (Benito)'' | Benito Mussolini | TV |- | 1993 | '' (Outrage!)'' | Marcos | Nominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1993 | '''' | Pedro Tercero García | his first English-language film |- | 1993 | ''Philadelphia'' | Miguel Álvarez | |- | 1994 | ''Of Love and Shadows'' | Francisco | Nominated — NCLR Bravo Awards for Best Actor in a Feature Film |- | 1994 | ''Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles'' | Armand | |- | 1995 | ''Miami Rhapsody'' | Antonio | |- | 1995 | ''Desperado'' | El Mariachi (Manito) | Nominated — MTV Movie Award for Best KissNominated — MTV Movie Award for Most Desirable Male |- | 1995 | ''Four Rooms'' | as Man (segment "The Misbehavers") | |- | 1995 | ''Assassins'' | Miguel Bain | |- | 1995 | ''Never Talk to Strangers'' | Tony Ramirez | |- | 1995 | ''Two Much'' | Art Dodge | Nominated — Goya Award for Best ActorNominated — Fotogramas de Plata Award for Best Movie Actor |- | 1996 | ''Evita'' | Che | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |- | 1997 | ''Wag the Dog'' | Ramón | later on replaced by the real Ramón |- | 1998 | '''' | Alejandro Murrieta/Zorro | European Film Awards for Best European Actor |- | 1998 | ''Andrew Lloyd Webber's Royal Albert Hall Celebration'' | Che/Phantom | |- | 1999 | '''' | Ahmad ibn Fadlan | Nominated — ALMA Award for Outstanding Actor in a Feature Film |- | 1999 | '''' | Morales Pittman | |- | 1999 | ''Play It to the Bone'' | César Domínguez | |- | 2001 | '''' | Father Matt Gutiérrez | |- | 2001 | ''Spy Kids'' | Gregorio Cortez | Nominated — ALMA Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion PictureNominated — Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Male Butt Kicker |- | 2001 | ''Original Sin'' | Luís Vargast | |- | 2002 | ''Femme Fatale'' | Nicolas Bardo | |- | 2002 | ''Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams'' | Gregorio Cortez | |- | 2002 | ''Frida'' | David Alfaro Siqueiros | |- | 2002 | ''Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever'' | Agent Jeremiah Ecks | |- | 2003 | ''Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over'' | Gregorio Cortez | |- | 2003 | ''Once Upon a Time in Mexico'' | El Mariachi | |- | 2003 | ''And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself'' | Pancho Villa | |- | 2003 | ''Imagining Argentina'' | Carlos Rueda | |- | 2004 | ''Far Far Away Idol'' | rowspan=2| Puss In Boots | Voice |- | 2004 | ''Shrek 2'' | VoiceNominated — Annie Award for Voice Acting in an Animated Feature ProductionNominated — MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic PerformanceNominated — VES Award for Best Animated Character in an Animated Motion Picture |- | 2005 | '''' | Don Alejandro de la Vega/Zorro | Nominated — |- | 2006 | ''Take the Lead'' | Pierre Dulaine | |- | 2007 | ''Bordertown'' | Díaz | |- | 2007 | ''Shrek the Third'' | Puss In Boots | Voice |- | 2008 | ''My Mom's New Boyfriend'' | Tommy Lucero / Tomas Martinez | |- | 2008 | ''The Other Man'' | Ralph (pronounced "Rafe") | |- | 2009 | ''Thick as Thieves'' | Gabriel Martin | |- | 2010 | ''Shrek Forever After'' | Puss In Boots | Voice |- | 2011 | ''The Big Bang'' | Ned Cruz | |- | 2011 | ''The Skin I Live In'' | Dr. Ledgard | |- | 2011 | ''Spy Kids 4: All the Time in the World'' | Gregorio Cortez | uncredited (scenes cut) |- | 2011 | ''Puss in Boots'' | Puss in Boots | post-production |- | 2012 | ''Haywire | TBA | filming |}

+ Director & Producer
Year	Film	Role	Notes
1999	''Crazy in Alabama''	Director	ALMA Award for Best Director of a Feature FilmEuropean Film Award for Achievement in World CinemaNominated — Golden Lion for Directing
2006		Director
2008	''Missing Lynx''	Producer

Musicals on Broadway

+ Theater
Year	Play	Role	Notes
2003		Guido Contini	Theatre World Award
2011		Alexis Zorba	Broadway Revival will open in the Fall of 2011

See also

[[List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards

References

External links

Antonio Banderas appointed Goodwill Ambassador at Bay Ledger

Category:1960 births Category:European Film Awards winners (people) Category:Spanish people Category:Andalusian people Category:Living people Category:People from Málaga (city) Category:Spanish film actors Category:Spanish musical theatre actors Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:GLAAD Media Awards winners

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Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
name	Antonio Aguilar
birth date	May 17, 1919
birth place	Villanueva, Zacatecas, Mexico
death date	June 19, 2007
death place	Mexico City, Mexico
birthname	José Pascual AntonioAguilar Barraza
spouse	Flor Silvestre(October 29 1959;2007; his death) 2 children }}

José Pascual Antonio Aguilar Barraza (May 17, 1919 – June 19, 2007) most commonly known as Antonio Aguilar, also called "''El Charro de México''", was a Mexican film actor, singer, producer and screenwriter. During his career, he made over 150 albums, which sold 25 million copies, and made 167 movies.

Early life

Aguilar was born in the provincial town of Villanueva in the state of Zacatecas. His parents were Jesús Aguilar Aguilar, a native of Tayahua, and Ángela Barraza Valle, a Colombian of Ocaña. Aguilar's paternal grandparents were Tomás Aguilar and María Guadalupe Aguilar, and his maternal grandparents were Luis M. Barraza and Justa Valle.

He spent his early childhood in "La Casa Grande de Tayahua", an hacienda first built in 1596 in the town of Tayahua, about 35 km from Villanueva. Aguilar's ancestors acquired this property in the early 19th century.

Acting career

Aguilar began his singing career in 1952 during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. He is credited with popularising ''la charrería'', considered to have originated in Mexico, to international audiences.

Antonio Aguilar was the first Mexican performer to mix rodeos and concerts while touring his show in Latin America and the United States. He made 167 movies and has been compared to American actors like Roy Rogers, Gene Autry, and Ronald Reagan. Aguilar gained fame as the singing, rural policeman "Mauricio Rosales" in ''El rayo justiciero'' (1955). The film spawned seven more films about Mauricio and his sidekick "Emeterio Berlanga", portrayed by character actor Agustín Isunza Amongst his best ranchera films are ''Yo... el aventurero'' (1959), ''Caballo prieto azabache'' (1968) ''El ojo de vidrio'' (1969), and ''Valente Quintero'' (1973). Aguilar appeared in American western films like 1969's ''The Undefeated'' starring John Wayne. He also made a memorable starring role alongside Flor Silvestre in ''Triste recuerdo'' (1991). For contributions to the recording industry, Antonio Aguilar Barraza was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7056 Hollywood Boulevard. He was similarly honored with his handprints and star on the Paseo de las Luminarias in Mexico City for his work in movies and in the recording industry.

Musical career

Antonio Aguilar began his recording career in 1950, eventually making over 150 albums and selling more than 25 million records. He was known for his corridos with some of his best known songs including "Gabino Barrera", "Caballo Prieto Azabache", "Albur de Amor", and "Un Puño De Tierra". Antonio was also largely responsible for the renewed popularity of the tambora music in the mid 1980s, when he single-handedly resuscitated the genre with the hit "Triste Recuerdo". To this day he has been the only Hispanic artist to sell out the Madison Square Garden of New York City for six consecutive nights on 1997.

Family

Ángela and Jesús, Antonio's parents, had six other children: José Roque, Salvador (dec.), Guadalupe (dec.), Luis Tomás (dec.), Mariano (dec.) and Josefina. Aguilar was married to actress Flor Silvestre (born Guillermina Jiménez Chagoya), and one of their children, José "Pepe" Aguilar, is among Mexico's most popular modern singers. In addition to Pepe Aguilar, he had another child with Flor Silvestre who is the eldest, Antonio Aguilar, Jr. Aguilar's grandchildren include Emiliano, Aneliz, Leonardo, and Ángela are Pepe Aguilar's children. María José and Flor Susana are Antonio Aguilar Jr's. children.

Death

On June 18, 2007, Doctors announced that Antonio was no longer responding to treatment and was expected to pass away before the end of the night. On June 19, 2007, the doctor spoke out to the media that Aguilar was still alive, and his body was responding to the medication but was still in critical condition. While there, the family received visits from many famous people including Vicente Fernández.

Aguilar died on June 19, 2007 at 11:45 p.m. from pneumonia. His coffin was carried through the streets of Zacatecas, the state capital, and was honored at a memorial service attended by hundreds at a church there.

His body was then taken to the hamlet of Tayahua, about 100 kilometers (60 miles) to the south, where residents waited in the streets to bid Aguilar a final farewell before he was buried at his family's "El Soyate" ranch nearby, the government news agency Notimex reported.

Obituaries appeared in many newspapers, including Los Angeles Times (USA), New York Times (USA), Washington Post (USA), The Guardian (UK) and The Independent (UK). News of Antonio’s death were reported in newspapers of many Spanish-speaking countries, including Guatemala (El Periodico), Honduras (La Tribuna), El Salvador (El Diario de Hoy), Nicaragua (El Nuevo Diario), Costa Rica (Diario Extra), Venezuela (Correo del Caroní), Peru (Crónica Viva), Colombia (El Tiempo), Ecuador (El Diario) and Chile (El Mercurio).

References

External links

Antonio Aguilar's movies at ''TKcine''

Pepe Aguilar's website - Antonio Aguilar's son

Obituary in the Houston Chronicle

Category:1919 births Category:2007 deaths Category:Mexican actors Category:Mexican singers Category:Mexican people of Colombian descent Category:Golden Ariel Award winners Category:People from Zacatecas Category:Deaths from pneumonia Category:Infectious disease deaths in Mexico Category:Golden Age of Mexican cinema

es:Antonio Aguilar fr:Antonio Aguilar gl:Antonio Aguilar nah:Antonio Aguilar nl:Antonio Aguilar no:Antonio Aguilar pl:Antonio Aguilar fi:Antonio Aguilar

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
Name	Manny Pacquiao
Realname	Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao
Nickname	Pac-Man,The Destroyer,Fighting Pride of the Philippines,The Mexicutioner,The People's Champ,''Pambansang Kamao'' (National Fist),''Pambansang Ninong'' (National Godfather),The Fighting Congressman
Weight	Light MiddleweightWelterweightLight WelterweightLightweightSuper FeatherweightFeatherweightSuper BantamweightFlyweight
Height
Reach
Nationality	Filipino
Birth date	December 17, 1978
Birth place	Kibawe, Bukidnon, Philippines
Style	Southpaw
Total	59
Wins	54
Ko	38
Losses	3
Draws	2 Official Site }}

Emmanuel "Manny" Dapidran Pacquiao, PLH ( ; ; born December 17, 1978) is a Filipino professional boxer and politician. He is the first eight-division world champion; having won six world titles, as well as the first to win the lineal championship in four different weight classes. He was named "Fighter of the Decade" for the 2000s by the Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA). He is also a three-time ''The Ring'' and BWAA "Fighter of the Year", winning the award in 2006, 2008, and 2009.

Currently, Pacquiao is the WBO Welterweight Champion. He is also rated as the best pound for pound boxer in the world by some sporting news and boxing websites, including BoxRec.com, Sporting Life and The Ring.

Aside from boxing, Pacquiao has participated in acting, music recording, and politics. In May 2010, Pacquiao was elected to the House of Representatives in the 15th Congress of the Philippines, representing the province of Sarangani.

Personal life

Pacquiao was born on December 17, 1978, in Kibawe, Bukidnon, Philippines. He is the son of Rosalio Pacquiao and Dionesia Dapidran-Pacquiao. His parents separated when he was in sixth grade, after his mother discovered that his father was living with another woman. He is the fourth among six siblings: Liza Silvestre-Onding and Domingo Silvestre (from first husband of his mother) and Isidra Pacquiao-Paglinawan, Alberto "Bobby" Pacquiao and Rogelio Pacquiao.

Pacquiao is married to Maria Geraldine "Jinkee" Jamora, and they have four children: Emmanuel Jr. "Jimuel", Michael, Princess, and Queen Elizabeth "Queenie". He resides in his hometown General Santos City, South Cotabato, Philippines. However, as a congressman of lone district of Sarangani, he is officially residing in Kiamba, Sarangani, the hometown of his wife.

Pacquiao is a devout Roman Catholic. Within the ring, he frequently makes the sign of the cross and every time he comes back from a successful fight abroad, he attends a thanksgiving Mass in Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, Manila to kneel and pray.

Pacquiao is also a military reservist with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Reserve Force of the Philippine Army.

Education

Pacquiao completed his elementary education at Saavedra Saway Elementary School in General Santos City, but dropped out of high school due to extreme poverty. He left his home at age 14 because his mother, who had six children, was not making enough money to support her family.

In February 2007 he took, and passed, a high school equivalency exam making him eligible for college education. He was awarded with a high school diploma by the Department of Education. Pacquiao enrolled for a college degree in business management at Notre Dame of Dadiangas University (NDDU) in his hometown in General Santos City.

On February 18, 2009, Pacquiao was conferred the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humanities (Honoris Causa) by Southwestern University (SWU) at the Waterfront Hotel and Casino in Lahug, Cebu City in recognition of his boxing achievements and humanitarian work.

In preparation for his career as a lawmaker in the House of Representatives, Pacquiao enrolled in the Certificate Course in Development, Legislation, and Governance at the Development Academy of the Philippines – Graduate School of Public and Development Management (DAP-GSPDM).

Amateur boxing career

At the age of 14, Pacquiao moved to Manila and lived, for a time, on the streets. He started boxing and made the Philippine national amateur boxing team where his room and board were paid for by the government. Pacquiao reportedly had an amateur record of 64 fights (60–4).

Professional boxing career

Light Flyweight

In 1995, the death of a young aspiring boxer and close friend Eugene Barutag spurred the young Pacquiao to pursue a professional boxing career. Pacquiao started his professional boxing career when he was just 16 years of age, stood at 4'11'', and weighed 98 pounds (7 pounds under the minimumweight division). He admitted before American media that he put weights in his pockets to make the 105-pound weight limit. His early light flyweight division fights took place in small local venues and were shown on Vintage Sports' ''Blow by Blow'', an evening boxing show. His professional debut was a four-round bout against Edmund "Enting" Ignacio, on January 22, 1995, which Pacquiao won via decision, becoming an instant star of the program.

Pacquiao's weight increased from 106 to 113 pounds before losing in his 12th bout against Rustico Torrecampo via a third-round knockout. Pacquiao failed to make the required weight, so he was forced to use heavier gloves than Torrecampo, thereby putting him at a disadvantage.

Flyweight division

Following the Torrecampo fight, Pacquiao continued undefeated for his next 15 fights. He went on another unbeaten run that saw him take on the vastly more experienced Chokchai Chockvivat in flyweight division. Pacquiao knocked out Chockvivat in the fifth round and took the Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation (OPBF) flyweight title. After one official defense and two non-title bouts, Pacquiao got his first opportunity to fight for a world title. Pacquiao captured the ''Lineal'' and World Boxing Council (WBC) flyweight titles (his first major boxing world title) over Chatchai Sasakul by way of knockout in the eighth round. He defended the titles successfully against Mexican Gabriel Mira via a fourth-round technical knockout. However, Pacquiao lost the ''Lineal'' title in his second defense against Medgoen Singsurat, also known as Medgoen 3K Battery, via a third-round knockout. The bout was held in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Singsurat got Pacquiao on the ropes and landed a flush straight right to the body coiling Pacquiao over and keeping him there. Pacquiao lost the WBC title at the scales, as he surpassed the weight limit of 112 pounds.

Super Bantamweight

Following his loss to Singsurat, Pacquiao gained weight and skipped the super flyweight and bantamweight divisions. This time, Pacquiao went to super bantamweight or junior featherweight division of 122 pounds, where he picked up the WBC International super bantamweight title. He defended this title five times before his chance for a world title fight came. Pacquiao's big break came on June 23, 2001, against IBF super bantamweight title holder Lehlohonolo Ledwaba. Pacquiao stepped into the fight as a late replacement on two weeks' notice but won the fight by technical knockout to win the title, his second major boxing world title. The bout was held at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Pacquiao went on to defend this title four times under head trainer Freddie Roach, owner of the famous Wild Card Gym in West Hollywood.

Featherweight

On November 15, 2003, Pacquiao faced Marco Antonio Barrera at the Alamodome, San Antonio, Texas, in a fight that many consider to have defined his career. Pacquiao, who was fighting at featherweight for the first time, brought his power with him and defeated Barrera via technical knockout in the eleventh round and won the Lineal & ''The Ring'' featherweight title, making him the first Filipino and Asian to become a three-division world champion, a fighter who won world titles in three different weight divisions. He defended the title twice before relinquishing it in 2005.

On November 24, 2003, the then Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo conferred on Pacquiao the Presidential Medal of Merit at the Ceremonial Hall of Malacañang Palace for his knockout victory over the best featherweight boxer of the world. The following day, the members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines presented the House Resolution No. 765, authored by the then House Speaker Jose De Venecia and Bukidnon Representative Juan Miguel Zubiri, which honored Pacquiao the Congressional Medal of Achievement for his exceptional achievements. Pacquiao is the first sportsman to receive such an honor from the House of Representatives.

Six months after the fight with Barrera, Pacquiao went on to challenge Juan Manuel Márquez, who at the time held both the World Boxing Association (WBA) and International Boxing Federation (IBF) featherweight titles. The fight took place at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, on May 8, 2004, and after twelve rounds the bout was scored a draw, which proved to be a controversial decision that outraged both camps.

In the first round, Márquez was caught cold, as he was knocked down three times by Pacquiao. However, Márquez showed great heart to recover from the early knockdowns, and went on to win the majority of rounds thereafter. This was largely due to Márquez's counterpunch style, which he managed to effectively utilize against the aggressive style of Pacquiao. At the end of a very close fight, both boxers felt they had done enough to win the fight. The final scores were 115–110 for Márquez, 115–110 for Pacquiao, and 113–113. One of the judges (who scored the bout 113–113) later admitted to making an error on the scorecards, having scored the first round as 10–7 in favor of Pacquiao instead of the standard 10–6 for a three-knockdown round. If he had scored the round 10–6 for Pacquiao (as the other two judges did) the result would have been a split decision in favor of Pacquiao.

Super Featherweight

On March 19, 2005, Pacquiao moved up in super featherweight or junior lightweight division of 130 pounds, in order to fight another Mexican legend and three-division world champion Érik Morales for the vacant WBC "International" super featherweight title. The fight took place at the MGM Grand Las Vegas. In this fight, Pacquiao sustained a cut over his right eye from an accidental clash of heads in the fifth round. He lost the twelve-round match by a unanimous decision from the judges. All three scorecards read 115–113 for Morales.

On September 10, 2005, Manny Pacquiao knocked out in six rounds Héctor Velázquez at Staples Center in Los Angeles to capture the WBC "International" super featherweight title, which he went on to defend five times. On the same day, his rival, Érik Morales, fought Zahir Raheem and lost via unanimous decision.

Despite Morales's loss to Raheem, Pacquiao got matched up against Morales in a rematch which took place on January 21, 2006 at the Thomas and Mack Center in Las Vegas. During the fight, Morales escaped being knocked down twice, once in the second round by holding onto the ropes, and once in the sixth by falling on the referee. Pacquiao eventually knocked Morales out in the tenth, the first time Morales was knocked out in his boxing career.

On July 2, 2006, Pacquiao defended his WBC "International" title against Óscar Larios, a two-time super bantamweight champion, who had moved up two weight divisions to fight Pacquiao. Pacquiao won the fight via unanimous decision, knocking down Larios two times in the 12-round bout at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, Philippines. The three judges scored the fight 117–110, 118–108, and 120–106 all for Pacquiao.

On July 3, 2006, the day after winning the fight against Larios, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo personally bestowed the Order of Lakandula with the rank of "Champion for Life" (''Kampeon Habambuhay'') and the plaque of appreciation to Pacquiao in a simple ceremony at the Rizal Hall of Malacañang Palace.

Pacquiao and Morales fought a third time (with the series tied 1–1) on November 18, 2006. Witnessed by a near record crowd of 18,276, the match saw Pacquiao defeat Morales via a third-round knockout at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas. After the Pacquiao–Morales rubber match, Bob Arum, Pacquiao's main promoter, announced that Manny had returned his signing bonus back to Golden Boy Promotions, signaling intentions to stay with Top Rank. This prompted Golden Boy Promotions to sue Pacquiao over breach of contract.

After a failed promotional negotiation with Marco Antonio Barrera's camp, Bob Arum chose Jorge Solís as Pacquiao's next opponent among several fighters Arum offered as replacements. The bout was held in San Antonio, Texas, on April 14, 2007. In the sixth round, an accidental headbutt occurred, giving Pacquiao a cut under his left eyebrow. The fight ended in the eighth when Pacquiao knocked Solis down twice. Solis barely beat the count after the second knockdown, causing the referee to stop the fight and award Pacquiao a knockout win. The victory raised Pacquiao's win–loss–draw record to 44–3–2 with 34 knockouts. This also marked the end of Solis's undefeated streak.

On June 29, 2007, Top Rank and Golden Boy Promotions announced that they agreed to settle their lawsuit, meaning the long-awaited rematch with Marco Antonio Barrera would occur despite Pacquiao being the top-ranked contender for Juan Manuel Márquez's WBC super featherweight title. On October 6, 2007, Pacquiao defeated Barrera in their rematch via an easy unanimous decision. In the eleventh round, Pacquiao's punch caused a deep cut below Barrera's right eye. Barrera retaliated with an illegal punch on the break that dazed Pacquiao but also resulted in a point deduction for Barrera. Two judges scored the bout 118–109, whereas the third scored it 115–112.

In ''The Ring'' Magazine, Pacquiao (45–3–2) remained at the top of the super featherweight division (130 pounds). He had been in the ratings for 108 weeks. On November 13, 2007, he was honored by the World Boxing Council as ''Emeritus Champion'' during its 45th Annual World Convention held at the Manila Hotel.

On November 20, 2007, José Nuñez, manager of WBO super featherweight champion Joan Guzmán, accused Pacquiao's handler Bob Arum of evading a match between the two boxers to protect Pacquiao. Guzmán went as far as to directly call out Pacquiao at the postfight press conference of the Pacquiao–Barrera rematch in front of the crowd at the Mandalay Bay Events Center's media room in Las Vegas.

On March 15, 2008, in a rematch against Juan Manuel Márquez called "Unfinished Business", Pacquiao won via split decision. The fight was held at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas. With the victory, Pacquiao won the WBC super featherweight and ''The Ring'' jr lightweight titles, making him the first Filipino and Asian to become a four-division world champion, a fighter who won world titles in four different weight divisions. The fight was a close hard fought battle, during which both fighters received cuts. Throughout the fight Márquez landed the most punches at a higher percentage; however, the decisive factor proved to be a third-round knockdown, wherein Márquez was floored by a Pacquiao left hook. At the end of the fight, the judges' scores were 115–112 for Pacquiao, 115–112 for Márquez, and 114–113 for Pacquiao.

In the post-fight news conference, Márquez’s camp called for an immediate rematch. In addition, Richard Schaefer, Golden Boy Promotions CEO, offered a $6 million guarantee to Pacquiao for a rematch. However, Pacquiao ruled out a third clash with Márquez, saying, "I don't think so. This business is over." The reason that Pacquiao did not want a rematch was because he intended to move up to the lightweight division to challenge David Díaz, the reigning WBC lightweight title holder at that time. Díaz won a majority decision over Ramón Montano that night as an undercard of the "Unfinished Business" fight.

Lightweight

On June 28, 2008, at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Pacquiao defeated David Díaz in lightweight division via ninth-round knockout and won the WBC lightweight title. With the victory, Pacquiao became the first and only Filipino and Asian to become a five-division world champion, a fighter who won world titles in five different weight divisions, and also became the first Filipino fighter to ever win a world title at lightweight. During the fight, which Pacquiao dominated, Díaz was cut badly on his right eye in the fourth round. After the bout, Díaz acknowledged Pacquiao's superior hand speed, stating "It was his speed. It was all his speed. I could see the punches perfectly, but he was just too fast."

Bob Arum reported that the fight had made 12.5 million dollars earning Díaz his best payday of 850,000 dollars, whilst Pacquiao earned at least 3 million dollars. Official records revealed an attendance of 8,362 (out of a maximum capacity of 12,000).

Holding both the WBC super featherweight and lightweight titles following the win, Pacquiao decided to vacate his super featherweight title in July 2008.

On August 7, 2008, the members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines issued a House Resolution, sponsored by South Cotabato Congresswoman Darlene Antonino-Custodio, which recognized Pacquiao as a "People’s Champ" — "for his achievements and in appreciation of the honor and inspiration he has been bringing... to the Filipino people." He received a plaque from the then House Speaker Prospero Nograles.

Welterweight

On December 6, 2008, Pacquiao moved up to the welterweight division, in order to face the six-division world champion Oscar De La Hoya at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, in a fight called "The Dream Match". Presented by Golden Boy Promotions and Top Rank, the bout was scheduled as a twelve-round, non-title fight contested at the 147-pound welterweight limit. Although Pacquiao went into the fight widely recognized as the leading pound-for-pound boxer in the world, some boxing pundits had speculated that 147 pounds could be too far above his natural weight against the larger De La Hoya. However, due to rehydration after the weigh in, De la Hoya came into the fight actually weighing less than Pacquiao, and close to 20 pounds under his usual fighting weight. Pacquiao dominated the fight, and after eight rounds De La Hoya's corner was forced to throw in the towel, awarding Pacquiao the win via technical knockout.

Pacquiao was ahead on all three judges' scorecards before the stoppage, with two judges scoring the fight at 80–71 and one scoring it at 79–72. Moreover, Pacquiao landed 224 out of 585 punches, whilst De La Hoya landed only 83 out of 402 punches. After the bout, trainer Freddie Roach stated "We knew we had him after the first round. He had no legs, he was hesitant and he was shot." The fight would be De La Hoya's last, as he announced his retirement from boxing shortly after.

Pacquiao received 15 to 30 million dollars (share of the pay-per-view), plus a guaranteed amount. Tickets reportedly sold out just hours after they went on sale. Moreover, the total gate revenue for the fight was said to be nearly 17 million dollars, making it the second largest gate revenue in boxing history.

On December 22, 2008, Pacquiao has been decorated with the Philippine Legion of Honor with the rank of "Officer" (''Pinuno'') in a ceremony marking the 73rd founding anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As an army reservist, he was given recognition for bringing pride and honor to the country through his remarkable achievements in the ring.

Light Welterweight

On May 2, 2009, Pacquiao fought at light welterweight or super lightweight division for the first time against Ricky Hatton at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, in a fight billed as "The Battle of the East and West". Pacquiao won the bout via knockout to claim Hatton's ''The Ring'' light welterweight title. In doing so, Pacquiao became the second man in boxing history to become a six-division world champion, a fighter who won world titles in six different weight divisions and the first man ever to win lineal world titles in four different weight classes.

The fight was originally placed in jeopardy due to disputes with both camps over the fight purse money. Eventually, the money issue was settled and the fight went on as scheduled. HBO aired the contest.

Pacquiao started the fight strong, knocking down Hatton twice in the first round. A somewhat shaken Hatton beat the count, only to be saved by the bell seconds later. In the second round Hatton seemed to have recovered, as he stalked Pacquiao for most of the round. However, with less than ten seconds remaining in the second round, Hatton was knocked out cold by a sharp left hook, prompting the referee to award Pacquiao the win by knockout (at 2:59 of the round). The knockout won him the ''The Ring'' Magazine "Knockout of the Year" for 2009.

Return to welterweight

On November 14, 2009, Pacquiao defeated Miguel Cotto via technical knockout in the twelfth round, at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, in a fight billed as "Firepower". Although the bout was sanctioned as a world title fight in the welterweight division, where the weight limit is 147 pounds, Cotto agreed to fight at a catchweight of 145 pounds.

Pacquiao dominated the fight, knocking Cotto down in round three and round four, before the referee stopped the fight at 0:55 of round twelve. With this victory, Pacquiao took the World Boxing Organization (WBO) welterweight title and WBO Super Champion belts, to become the first seven-division world champion, the first fighter in boxing history to win world titles in seven different weight divisions. Pacquiao also won the first and special WBC Diamond Championship belt. This belt was created as an honorary championship exclusively to award the winner of a historic fight between two high-profile boxers. After the fight, promoter Bob Arum stated "Pacquiao is the greatest boxer I've ever seen, and I've seen them all, including Ali, Hagler and Sugar Ray Leonard." Miguel Cotto said in a post fight interview: "Miguel Cotto comes to boxing to fight the biggest names, and Manny is one of the best boxers we have of all time."

The fight generated 1.25 million buys and $70 million in domestic pay-per-view revenue, making it the most watched boxing event of 2009. Pacquiao earned around $22 million for his part in the fight, whilst Cotto earned around $12 million. Pacquiao–Cotto also generated a live gate of $8,847,550 from an official crowd of 15,930.

On November 20, 2009, in a simple rites at the Quirino Grandstand, President Macapagal-Arroyo conferred Pacquiao the Order of Sikatuna with the rank of ''Datu'' (Grand Cross) with Gold distinction (''Katangiang Ginto'') which usually bestowed to foreign diplomats and heads of state. It was awarded to Pacquiao for winning his historical seventh weight division world title.

Following the victory against Cotto, there was much public demand for a fight between the seven-division world champion Manny Pacquiao (the number-one pound-for-pound boxer) and the five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather, Jr. (the number-two and former number-one pound-for-pound boxer). Pacquiao reportedly agreed to fight Mayweather on March 13, 2010, for a split of $50 million up front. And it was later agreed that the venue for the fight would be the MGM Grand Las Vegas. However, the bout was put in jeopardy due to disagreements about Olympic-style drug testing. The Mayweather camp wanted random blood testing by the United States Anti-Doping Agency, whereas Pacquiao refused to have any blood testing within 30 days from the fight, because he thought it would weaken him, but he was willing to have blood taken from him before the 30-day window as well as immediately after the fight. Freddie Roach, on the other hand, commented that he would not allow blood to be taken from Pacquiao one week before the fight. In an attempt to resolve their differences, the two camps went through a process of mediation before a retired judge. After the mediation process Mayweather agreed to a 14-day no blood testing window. However, Pacquiao refused and instead only agreed to a 24-day no blood testing window. Consequently, on January 7, 2010, Pacquiao's promoter Bob Arum declared that the fight was officially off.

Because of Pacquiao's reluctance to submit to random blood testing to the extent requested by Mayweather, and despite lack of evidence, the Mayweather camp repeated their suggestion that Pacquiao was using banned substances, which resulted in Pacquiao filing a lawsuit for defamation, seeking damages in excess of 75,000 dollars. The lawsuit cited accusations made by Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Floyd Mayweather Sr., Roger Mayweather, Oscar De La Hoya, and Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer.

After negotiations for the Mayweather fight fell through, other boxers were considered to replace Mayweather as Pacquiao's next opponent, including former light welterweight champion Paul Malignaggi, and WBA super welterweight title holder Yuri Foreman. However, Pacquiao chose to fight former IBF welterweight title holder Joshua Clottey instead.

On March 13, 2010, at the Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, Pacquiao defeated Clottey via unanimous decision to retain his WBO welterweight title. The judges scored the fight 120–108, 119–109 and 119–109, all in favor of Pacquiao. During the fight, Pacquiao threw a total of 1231 punches (a career high), but landed just 246, as most were blocked by Clottey's tight defense. On the other hand, Clottey threw a total of 399 punches, landing 108.

The fight was rewarded with a paid crowd of 36,371 and a gate of $6,359,985, according to post-fight tax reports filed with Texas boxing regulators. Counting complimentary tickets delivered to sponsors, media outlets and others, the Dallas fight attracted 41,843, well short of the 50,994 that was previously announced, but still an epic number for boxing. In addition, the bout drew 700,000 pay-per-view buys and earned $35.3 million in domestic revenue.

Manny Pacquiao was named as the Fighter of the Decade for years 2000–2009 by the Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA). This award was presented by legendary boxer Joe Frazier, who was also a recipient of the award himself back in 1978 for defeating Muhammad Ali. Aside from this prestigious recognition, he was also named as the Sugar Ray Robinson Fighter of the Year for 2009, having received the same honor in 2006 and 2008. The awards ceremony was held at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City on June 4, 2010.

After his victory over Clottey, Pacquiao was expected to return to boxing in late 2010 with a possible matchup against Floyd Mayweather Jr. It was later reported that Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer and Top Rank Chief Bob Arum worked out a '"Super Fight" between Manny Pacquiao and Floyd Mayweather Jr. However, complications arose when Mayweather requested Pacquiao undergo random blood and urine testing up until the fight day. Pacquiao responded that he would agree to undergo blood and urine testing up until 14 days before the fight (as requested by Mayweather in the first round of negotiations), stating that giving blood too close to the fight day would weaken him. On May 13, 2010, Pacquiao's promoter Bob Arum announced that he had penciled in November 13, 2010 as the date of Manny Pacquiao's next fight, possibly against Mayweather. However, the stumbling block over demands that Pacquiao submit to Olympic-level random drug testing put the fight in jeopardy.

On June 12, 2010, the President of Golden Boy Promotions, Oscar De La Hoya, stated during an interview with a Spanish network that the deal for the fight was very close and the negotiation process has been very difficult. On June 30, 2010, Arum announced that the management of both sides had agreed to terms, that all points had been settled (including Pacquiao agreeing to submit to both blood and urine testing) and only the signature of Floyd Mayweather, Jr. was needed to seal the deal that could have earned both fighters at least $40 million each. Mayweather was then given a two-week deadline for the fight contract to be signed. Arum also announced that Pacquiao accepted the terms of the random drug testing, blood and urine, leading up to the fight.

On July 15, 2010, Bob Arum announced that Pacquiao's camp would give Mayweather until Friday midnight to sign the fight. The next day the Top Rank website embedded a countdown clock on their website with the heading "Money" Time: Mayweather's Decision. On July 17, 2010, Arum announced that there was no word from Mayweather's camp and the deal for a November 13, 2010 fight with Mayweather Jr. was not reached.

On July 19, 2010, Leonard Ellerbe, one of Floyd Mayweather Jr.'s closest advisers, denied that negotiations for a super fight between Mayweather and Pacquiao had ever taken place. Ellerbe stated that Bob Arum was not telling the truth. Bob Arum responded, questioning that if there was no negotiation, then who imposed the gag order (referring to a gag order about the negotiation allegedly imposed on both camps) and who could there be a gag order from if there were no negotiations. He also criticized Oscar De La Hoya and his Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer for denying that negotiations took place, when De La Hoya himself had previously stated that they were "very, very close in finalizing the contracts". Arum revealed that HBO Sports President Ross Greenburg acted as the mediator between Mayweather’s handlers and those of Pacquiao’s from Top Rank Promotions. On July 26, 2010, Ross Greenburg said in a statement that he has been negotiating with a representative from each side since May 2, 2010, carefully trying to put the fight together and he did in fact act as a go-between in negotiations with the two sides, but they were unable to come to an agreement, contradicting what Arum and the Pacquiao camp had said. Floyd Mayweather Jr., after the second negotiation had been officially declared off, told the Associated Press that he had fought sixty days ago and that he was not interested in rushing into anything and was not really thinking about boxing at the moment. Almost a year later, on July 8, 2011, Manny Pacquiao's top adviser Michael Koncz confirmed that Pacquiao had in fact never agreed to testing up until fight day, which contradicted what Bob Arum and the Pacquiao camp had been saying for well over a year.

Light Middleweight

On July 23, 2010, Bob Arum announced that Pacquiao would fight Antonio Margarito on November 13, 2010. The fight for the vacant WBC Super welterweight title gave Pacquiao the chance to win a world title in his eighth weight class, the light middleweight or super welterweight division. A catchweight of 150 pounds was established for the fight although the weight limit for the light middleweight division is 154 pounds. During the pre-fight, Pacquiao weighed in at a low 144.6 pounds, while Margarito weighed in at the limit of 150 pounds. Pacquiao said he was pleased with his weight because he loses too much speed when he gains pounds. During the fight itself, Pacquiao weighed 148 lbs, 17 pounds lighter than Margarito's 165.

Prior to the fight, Pacquiao's team demanded to the Texas officials to test Margarito for banned substances after a weight loss supplement, reportedly Hydroxycut, was found in his locker. It was stated that the officials would undergo testing for both boxers after the fight. In the fight, Pacquiao defeated Margarito via unanimous decision, using his superior handspeed and movement to win his 8th world title in as many divisions. In the penultimate round, Pacquiao implored referee Laurence Cole several times to stop the fight as Margarito had a swollen face and a large cut beneath the right eye, but the referee let the fight continue. Margarito had to be taken directly to the hospital after the fight, where it was discovered his orbital bone had been fractured; he had to undergo surgery.

On November 22, 2010, after winning world title in his eighth weight division, Pacquiao was awarded with another Congressional Medal of Distinction from his fellow congressmen led by House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte during the ceremony at the Philippine House of Representatives.

Because Pacquiao had no plans to defend the WBC super welterweight title that he won against Margarito, the WBC Board of Governors voted to declare the title vacant.

Second return to welterweight

On May 7, 2011, Pacquiao successfully defended his WBO welterweight title against three-division world champion Shane Mosley via lopsided unanimous decision at the MGM Grand Arena. Rapper LL Cool J performed as Mosley entered first the arena, while vocalist Jimi Jamison of the rock band Survivor sang "Eye of the Tiger" as Pacquiao approached the ring. Pacquiao knocked Mosley down in the third round using a one-two capped with a left straight. Mosley was left dazed by the knockdown but managed to stand up. Mosley floored Pacquiao in the tenth round with a push, but referee Kenny Bayless inexplicably ruled it a knockdown. None of the judges seemed to have bought it judging from the scores. Replays showed that Pacquiao was throwing a punch off balance, had his right foot stepped on by Mosley's left foot and went down with a little help from Mosley's right hand. Bayless apologized to Pacquiao after the fight for the mistake. Pacquiao gained one-sided verdicts from all three judges – 119–108, 120–108 and 120–107. Pacquiao reported that the only thing preventing him from knocking out Mosley was a cramp in his legs. Freddie Roach said that Pacquiao had problems with cramping before but usually in training sessions and not in the middle of bouts. After the fight, there was much controversy over Shane Mosley reportedly told Floyd Mayweather that he should have made Pacquiao "take the test".

Bob Arum talked about having Pacquiao's next bout at the MGM Grand on November 5, 2011 or across town at the Thomas and Mack Center on November 12, 2011. Arum listed Juan Manuel Marquez as the first choice and then mentioned Timothy Bradley and Zab Judah as other options.

Third fight against Juan Manuel Márquez

Pacquiao's promoter Bob Arum stated that a third meeting with Márquez could happen in November 2011, providing Pacquiao defeated his next opponent Shane Mosley on May 7. On May 10, Márquez accepted an offer from Top Rank to fight Pacquiao for his WBO Welterweight Title at a catchweight of 144 pounds. On May 18, Márquez signed the deal to fight Pacquiao for the third time on November 12 at Las Vegas.

On November 12, Marquez lost to Pacquiao via majority decision by garnering scores 114-114, 115-113 & 116-112 from scorecards of three judges. Upon the results being announced, the crowd reaction was largely negative with thousands continuing to boo as Pacquiao spoke with Max Kellerman. Tim Smith of New York's Daily News wrote that Márquez "was robbed of a decision by judges who were either blind or corrupt." However, ringside punch stats showed Pacquiao landing more strikes, 176 to 138, and landing more power punches, 117 to 100. Michael Woods of ESPN stated that Marquez was not robbed noting the Compubox stats, all of which favored Pacquiao.

Bob Arum announced that Pacquiao is having his next bout on June 9, 2012, following another failed negotiations for a showdown with the now WBC titleholder Floyd Mayweather, Jr. on Cinco De Mayo. Timothy Bradley, Miguel Cotto, Juan Manuel Marquez and Lamont Peterson are the names on Arum's list of his next possible opponents. Currently, it has been reported that Bradley is the frontrunner to face Pacquiao.

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|54 Wins (38 Knockouts), 3 Defeats (2 Knockouts), 2 Draws |- style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;" | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round, Time | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes |- align=center | |||| align=left| | || ? || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||54-3-2|| align=left| Juan Manuel Márquez | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||53-3-2 || align=left| Shane Mosley | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||52-3-2 || align=left| Antonio Margarito | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||51-3-2 || align=left| Joshua Clottey | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||50-3-2 || align=left| Miguel Ángel Cotto | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||49-3-2 || align=left| Ricky Hatton | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||48-3-2 || align=left| Oscar De La Hoya | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||47-3-2 || align=left| David Díaz | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||46-3-2 || align=left| Juan Manuel Márquez | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||45-3-2 || align=left| Marco Antonio Barrera | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||44-3-2 || align=left| Jorge Solís | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||43-3-2 || align=left| Érik Morales | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||42-3-2 || align=left| Óscar Larios | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||41-3-2 || align=left| Érik Morales | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||40-3-2 || align=left| Héctor Velázquez | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||39-3-2 || align=left| Érik Morales | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||39-2-2 || align=left| Fahsan Por Thawatchai | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |style="background: #B0C4DE"|Draw||38-2-2 || align=left| Juan Manuel Márquez | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||38-2-1 || align=left| Marco Antonio Barrera | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||37-2-1 || align=left| Emmanuel Lucero | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||36-2-1 || align=left| Serikzhan Yeshmagambetov | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||35-2-1 || align=left| Fahprakorb Rakkiatgym | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||34-2-1 || align=left| Jorge Eliecer Julio | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |style="background: #B0C4DE"|Draw||33-2-1 || align=left| Agapito Sánchez | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||33-2 || align=left| Lehlohonolo Ledwaba | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||32-2 || align=left| Wethya Sakmuangklang | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||31-2 || align=left| Tetsutora Senrima | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||30-2 || align=left| Nedal Hussein | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||29-2 || align=left| Seung-Kon Chae | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||28-2 || align=left| Arnel Barotillo | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||27-2 || align=left| Reynante Jamili | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||26-2 || align=left| Medgoen Singsurat | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||26-1 || align=left| Gabriel Mira | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||25-1 || align=left| Todd Makelim | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||24-1 || align=left| Chatchai Sasakul | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||23-1 || align=left| Shin Terao | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||22-1 || align=left| Panomdej Ohyuthanakorn | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||21-1 || align=left| Melvin Magramo | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||20-1 || align=left| Chokchai Chockvivat | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||19-1 || align=left| Ariel Austria | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||18-1 || align=left| Wook-Ki Lee | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||17-1 || align=left| Mike Luna | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||16-1 || align=left| Sung-Yul Lee | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||15-1 || align=left| Ippo Gala | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||14-1 || align=left| Bert Batiller | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||13-1 || align=left| John Medina | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||12-1 || align=left| Marlon Carillo | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||11-1 || align=left| Rustico Torrecampo | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||11-0 || align=left| Lito Torrejos | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||10-0 || align=left| Rolando Toyogon | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||9-0 || align=left| Rudolfo Fernandez | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||8-0 || align=left| Renato Mendones | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||7-0 || align=left| Lolito Laroa | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||6-0 || align=left| Armando Rocil | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||5-0 || align=left| Acasio Simbajon | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||4-0 || align=left| Dele Decierto | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||3-0 || align=left| Rocky Palma | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||2-0 || align=left| Pinoy Montejo | || || |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win||1-0 || align=left| Edmund Enting Ignacio | || || |align=left| |align=left|

Titles in boxing

''Major World Titles:''

WBC Flyweight World Champion ''(112 lbs)''

IBF Junior Featherweight World Champion ''(122 lbs)''

WBC Super Featherweight World Champion ''(130 lbs)''

WBC Lightweight World Champion ''(135 lbs)''

WBO Welterweight World Champion ''(147 lbs)''

WBC Super Welterweight World Champion ''(154 lbs)''

''Minor World Title:''

IBO Junior Welterweight World Champion ''(140 lbs)''

''Lineal Championship Titles:''

''Lineal'' Flyweight World Champion ''(112 lbs)''

''The Ring'' Featherweight World Champion ''(126 lbs)''

''The Ring'' Junior Lightweight World Champion ''(130 lbs)''

''The Ring'' Junior Welterweight World Champion ''(140 lbs)''

''Regional/International Titles:''

OPBF Flyweight Champion ''(112 lbs)''

WBC Super Bantamweight International Champion ''(122 lbs)''

WBC Super Featherweight International Champion ''(130 lbs)''

''Special Titles:''

WBC Emeritus Champion

WBC Diamond Champion

WBO Super Champion

Acting career

name	Manny Pacquiao
birth name	Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao
othername	Manny, Pacman
occupation	Professional Boxer, Actor, Politician
yearsactive	2000 – Present
notable role	}}

Pacquiao started his acting career as an extra in some local films and guest appearances on ABS-CBN shows.

In December 2005 Pacquiao took his first lead role in Violett Films' ''Lisensyadong Kamao'' (Licensed Fist). The movie is titled so because (according to director Tony Bernal), being a Boxer, Pacquiao is licensed to use his hands.

In 2008, Pacquiao starred with Ara Mina and Valerie Concepcion in ''Anak ng Kumander'' (Son of Commander). The movie was not a commercial success and was panned by critics.

Pacquiao starred in the superhero/comedy film entitled ''Wapakman'', which was released on December 25, 2009 as an entry to the 2009 Metro Manila Film Festival. Like his previous films ''Wapakman'' was not commercially successful.

Upon the expiration of his contract with ABS-CBN, Pacquiao signed with GMA Network as an actor in September 2007. On December 17, 2007, he taped his first episode of the networks infotainment show ''Pinoy Records''. His other projects with the network included ''Totoy Bato'' and the sitcom ''Show Me Da Manny'' in which his mother, Dionesia, also appeared.

American actor Sylvester Stallone is reportedly in talks with Pacquiao over co-starring in one of Stallone's future films, which is in the planning stages. The film would be Pacquiao's Hollywood debut.

In 2011, Pacquiao appeared on ''Tosh.0'' in which he was paired in a fight with Daniel Tosh. It resulted in Pacquiao winning in one punch.

Political career

name	Emmanuel D. Pacquiao
order
Office	Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Sarangani's Lone District
term start	June 30, 2010
predecessor	Erwin L. Chiongbian
party	Liberal Party (2007, 2010)Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino (2008)Nacionalista Party (2009–2010) People's Champ Movement (2010)
residence	Kiamba, Sarangani
alma mater	Notre Dame of Dadiangas University
profession	Professional Boxer, Actor
religion	Roman Catholic
website	www.congress.gov.ph
footnotes	}}

2007 Election

On February 12, 2007, Pacquiao officially announced that he would be running for a seat in the House of Representatives in the May 2007 legislative election as a candidate of the Liberal Party, aiming to represent the 1st District of South Cotabato. Pacquiao, who has been known to be supportive of the administration of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, said that he was persuaded to run by local officials of General Santos City, who hoped he would act as a bridge between their interests and the national government. Pacquiao was defeated in the election by incumbent Rep. Darlene Antonino-Custodio, who said, "More than anything, I think, people weren't prepared to lose him as their boxing icon".

In September 2008, Pacquiao was sworn in as member of Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino (KAMPI), a pro-administration political party.

2010 Election

On November 21, 2009, Pacquiao confirmed that he would run again for the congressional seat but this time in Sarangani province, the hometown of his wife Jinkee. He originally planned to run for congress under his own party, the People's Champ Movement, but has since joined the Nacionalista Party headed by Manny Villar. Villar said arrangements were made to accommodate Pacquiao’s People’s Champ Movement in a coalition with the Nacionalista Party for the May 2010 elections in Sarangani.

On May 13, 2010, Pacquiao was officially proclaimed congressman of the lone district of Sarangani. He scored a landslide victory over the wealthy and politically well-entrenched Chiongbian clan that had been in power in the province for more than thirty years. Pacquiao got 120,052 votes while his opponent for the seat, Roy Chiongbian, got 60,899 votes.

On June 28, 2010, Pacquiao took his oath of office as congressman before Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio T. Carpio in the Provincial Capitol of Sarangani in Municipality of Alabel. He announced that he will transfer to President-elect Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III's Liberal Party from Nacionalista Party as he wants to ensure the entry of more projects to his province.

In popular culture

A film based on Pacquiao's life, ''Pacquiao: The Movie'', was released on June 21, 2006, featuring Filipino actor Jericho Rosales as Manny Pacquiao and was directed by Joel Lamangan. The film flopped at the box office, grossing a total of only P4,812,191 (approximately US$99,322), as confirmed by Lamangan.

Pacquiao is featured in the boxing video games ''Fight Night Round 2'', ''Fight Night Round 3'', ''Fight Night Round 4'' and ''Fight Night Champion''. EA Sports released a limited edition demo of Fight Night Round 4, featuring Pacquiao and Ricky Hatton prior to their May 2 fight.

Pacquiao became the first Filipino athlete to appear on a postage stamp.

Pacquiao became the first Filipino Olympic non-participant to be Team Philippines’ flag-bearer during the August 8 opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics at the Beijing National Stadium. Swimmer Miguel Molina, 2005 Southeast Asian Games’ Best Male Athlete, yielded the honor to Pacquiao, upon the request of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to the national sports officials on the Philippines at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Pacquiao plays basketball as a cross-training to keep himself in shape. He is playing in the semi-professional basketball league, Liga Pilipinas, with the team he owns, the MP-Gensan Warriors. He made his debut in the Smart-Liga Pilipinas Conference II in January 16, 2009. He wears jersey number 17.

Pacquiao became an honorary member of Boston Celtics. The honorary membership was bestowed on him in a brief ceremony and he was presented with a replica of a green and white Celtics jersey bearing his name and number 1. As a measure of gratitude, Pacquiao delivered a stockpile of red autographed boxing gloves to TD Garden. On March 10, 2010, prior to the night's game with Memphis Grizzlies, many of the Celtics had a special motivational gift waiting for them in their lockers.

With his popularity, various business sectors have solicited Manny Pacquiao's help in endorsing their products through commercial advertisements in print and in broadcast media. These include detergents, medicines, foods, beverage, garments, telecommunications, and even a political ad for politicians during the 2007 and 2010 Philippine elections. His most acclaimed commercials yet were for Nike's "Fast Forward" campaign (alongside Tiger Woods, Kobe Bryant, Maria Sharapova, Roger Federer, Cristiano Ronaldo and Liu Xiang) and San Miguel Beer with Jet Li and Érik Morales.

Pacquiao has been included by Time Magazine as one of the world's most influential people for the year 2009, for his exploits in boxing and his influence among the Filipino people. Pacquiao was also included by Forbes Magazine in its annual Celebrity 100 list for the year 2009, joining Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie and fellow athletes Tiger Woods and Bryant. Forbes also listed Pacquiao as the World's 6th Highest Paid Athlete, with a total of 40 Million Dollars ($40,000,000.00) or 2 Billion Pesos (₱2,000,000,000.00) from the second half of 2008 to the first half of 2009. Tied with him on the sixth spot was the NBA player LeBron James and golfer Phil Mickelson. Pacquiao was again included in Forbes' list of Highest Paid Athletes from the second half of 2009 to the first half of 2010; he was ranked 8th with an income of $42 million. Pacquiao had also won the 2009 ESPY Awards for the Best Fighter category, beating fellow boxer Shane Mosley and Brazilian mixed martial arts fighters Lyoto Machida and Anderson Silva. More recently, ESPN Magazine reported that Pacquiao is one of the two top earning athletes for 2010, alongside American Major League baseball player Alex Rodriguez. According to the magazine's annual salary report of athletes, Pacquiao earned $32 million (approximately PhP 1.38 billion) for his two 2010 boxing matches against Clottey and Margarito.

Pacquiao has also graced the cover of Time Magazine Asia for their November 16, 2009 issue. According to their five-page feature story, "(Pacquiao is) a fighter with enough charisma, intelligence and backstory to help rescue a sport lost in the labyrinth of pay-per-view. Global brands like Nike want him in their ads." They also added, "Pacquiao has a myth of origin equal to that of any Greek or Roman hero. He leaves the Philippines to make it even bigger, conquering the world again and again to bring back riches to his family and friends." He became the eighth Filipino to grace the cover of the prestigious magazine, after former Philippine presidents Manuel L. Quezon, Ramon Magsaysay, Ferdinand Marcos, Corazon Aquino, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Benigno Aquino III and Filipino actress and environmentalist Chin Chin Gutierrez. Pacquiao was also featured on the cover of Reader’s Digest Asia, where a seven-page story was written about the Filipino boxing superstar. The issue came out before Pacquiao’s epic match against De La Hoya on November 2008.

Recognitions

''International:'' 2000–09 Boxing Writers Association of America Fighter of the Decade 2000–09 HBO Fighter of the Decade 2006, 2008, and 2009 Boxing Writers Association Fighter of the Year 2006, 2008 and 2009 ESPN Fighter of the Year

2006, 2008, and 2009 ''The Ring'' Fighter of the Year

2001–2010 World Boxing Council Boxer of the Decade 2008 Sports Illustrated Boxer of the Year 2008 Yahoo! Sports Fighter of the Year 2008 and 2009 ESPN Star's Champion of Champions 2008 and 2009 World Boxing Council Boxer of the Year

2008, 2009 and 2010 ''The Ring'' No.1 Pound-for-Pound (year-end)

2009 Ask Men Most Influential Men (ranked 24th) 2009 ESPN Knockout of the Year (''in Round 2 against Ricky Hatton'') 2009 ESPY Awards Best Fighter 2009 Forbes Magazine World's Highest-Paid Athletes (ranked 6th) 2009 Sports Illustrated Fighter of the Year

2009 ''The Ring'' Knockout of the Year (''in Round 2 against Ricky Hatton'')

2009 TIME 100 Most Influential People (Heroes and Icons Category) 2009 and 2010 Forbes Magazine Celebrity 100 (ranked 57th and 55th) 2010 Bleacher Report Most Exciting Athletes of All Time (ranked 85th) 2010 World Boxing Organization Fighter of the Year 2010 Yahoo! Sports Boxing's Most Influential (ranked 25th)

''National:'' 2000–09 Philippine Sportswriters Association Athlete of the Decade

2002, 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2008 PSA Sportsman of the Year

2003 Presidential Medal of Merit

2003 and 2010 Congressional Medal of Achievement / Distinction / Honor

2006 Order of Lakandula with the rank of "Champion for Life" (''Kampeon Habambuhay'') 2008 Philippine Legion of Honor with the rank of "Officer" (''Pinuno'') 2008 University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) Honorary Award for Sports Excellence 2009 Order of Sikatuna with the rank of ''Datu'' (Grand Cross with Gold Distinction)

2011 Gabriel "Flash" Elorde Memorial "Quintessential Athlete" Award

Filmography

''Mahal Kita... Kahit Sino Ka Pa!'' ''Basagan ng Mukha'' ''Lisensyadong Kamao'' ''Anak ng Kumander'' Brown Soup Thing ''Pangarap Kong Jackpot'' Wapakman No Fear: The Manny Pacquiao Story The People's Champion ''Kamao: Matira Ang Matibay'' Ok Fine Whatever ''Ako ang Simula'' The Battle of Cebu: Moment of Truth Kababayan LA: Manny Pacquiao Specials Pinoy Records ''Totoy Bato'' ''Show Me Da Manny'' Rome is BurningJimmy Kimmel Live MMA H.E.A.T. Jimmy Kimmel Live HBO Boxing After DarkESPN Friday Night Fights Jimmy Kimmel Live 60 MinutesManny Many Prizes

Year !! Film !! Role !! Other Notes
2000	''Di Ko Kayang Tanggapin''	Dong
2001	|
2001	|	Dodong
2005	|	Ambrosio "Bruce" Lerio
2008	|	Kumander Idel	Writer/Producer
2008	|	Cousin Manny
2008	|	Abel	segment ''"Sa Ngalan ng Busabos"''
2009	|	Magno Meneses/Wapakman
Year !! Television Shows !! Role !! Other Notes
2004	''Walang Bakas''	Himself (uncredited)
2004	|	Himself	Video documentary
2004	|	Himself	Video documentary
2005	|	Himself – Host
2005	|	Himself – Guest
2006	|	Himself	TV documentary
2007	|	Himself – Crowd
2009	|	Himself
2009	|	Himself – Host
2009	|	Emmanuel
2009	|	Manny Santos
2009	|	Himself – Correspondent	Episode dated May 1
2009	|	Himself – Guest	Episode dated November 3
2009	|	Himself	Episode dated November 12
2010	|	Himself – Guest	Episode dated March 3
2010	|	Himself – Audience Member	Episode dated June 18
2010	|	Himself	Episode dated July 2
2010	|	Himself – Guest	Episode dated November 1
2010	|	Himself – Guest
2011	|	Himself – Host

Discography

Name	Manny Pacquiao
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Emmanuel D. Pacquiao
Origin	General Santos City
Occupation	Boxer, Actor, Singer, Politician
Years active	2006–present
Label	Star RecordsMCA RecordsGMA Records
Associated acts	Lito CamoFrancis Magalona }}

Most of the Tagalog songs of Pacquiao were composed by Lito Camo. The following are the songs from Manny Pacquiao's albums:

''Laban Nating Lahat Ito'' (2006) – under Star Records

*"Bilog" (Circle)

*"Para Sa'Yo Ang Laban Na 'To" (This Fight is for You)

*"Pagsubok Lamang Yan" (It's Just a Challenge)

*"Byaheng Pag-asa" (Voyage of Hope)

*"Ipakita Mo" (Show Them)

*"Ikaw at Ako" (You and Me)

*"Hindi Ko Kaya" (I Can't Do It)

*"Kanta Tayo" (Let's Sing)

*"Champion Sa Kantahan" (Champion in Singing)

*"Laban Nating Lahat Ito" (This is Our Fight) (feat Francis M.)

''Pac-Man Punch'' (2007) – under MCA Records

*"Pac-Man Punch" – Willie Wilcox feat. Nemesis Yankee and Manny Pacquiao

*"Pac-Man Punch (R U Ready?)" – Willie Wilcox feat. Nemesis Yankee

*"Pac-Man Punch (Knockout Remix)" – Willie Wilcox feat. Nemesis Yankee and Manny Pacquiao

*"Pac-Man Punch (Minus One)"

2009 Single under GMA Records

*"Lahing Pinoy"

2011 Single

Remake of Dan Hill's Sometimes When We Touch

See also

List of current world boxing champions

List of ''The Ring'' world champions

List of WBC world champions

List of IBF world champions

List of WBO world champions

List of IBO world champions

List of flyweight boxing champions

List of super bantamweight boxing champions

List of super featherweight boxing champions

List of lightweight boxing champions

List of welterweight boxing champions

List of super welterweight boxing champions

List of boxing triple champions

List of boxing quadruple champions

List of boxing quintuple champions

List of boxing sextuple champions

List of boxing septuple champions

List of left-handed boxers

''The Ring'' pound for pound

List of Filipino Boxing World Champions

References

External links

Manny Pacquiao's Official Site

PACLAND – Official Fan Site

MPBoxing.com

Rep. Emmanuel D. Pacquiao Official Profile

HBO Boxing: Manny Pacquiao: Bio

Fight Videos

Manny Pacquiao's Fight-by-Fight Career Record

''GQ Magazine'' Profile

Nike – Inside Pacquiao

PacMan: Behind the Scenes with Manny Pacquiao: A Biography of Pacquiao, published by Da Capo Press

- - - - - - - {{s-ttl | title=WBC Flyweight World Champion| years=December 4, 1998 – September 17, 1999Stripped}} - {{s-ttl | title=''Lineal'' Flyweight World Champion| years=December 4, 1998 – September 17, 1999}} - {{s-ttl | title=IBF Junior Featherweight World Champion| years=June 23, 2001 – July 26, 2003Vacated}} - {{s-ttl | title=''The Ring'' Featherweight World Champion| years=November 15, 2003 – March 19, 2005Vacated}} - {{s-ttl | title=WBC Super Featherweight World Champion| years=March 15, 2008 – July 16, 2008Vacated}} - {{s-ttl | title=''The Ring'' Junior Lightweight World Champion| years=March 15, 2008 – July 16, 2008Vacated}} - {{s-ttl | title=WBC Lightweight World Champion | years=June 28, 2008 – February 24, 2009Vacated}} - {{s-ttl | title=IBO Junior Welterweight World Champion | years=May 2, 2009 – January 15, 2010Vacated}} - {{s-ttl | title=''The Ring'' Junior Welterweight World Champion | years=May 2, 2009 – July 26, 2010Vacated}} - {{s-ttl | title=WBO Welterweight World Champion(Super Champion) | years=November 14, 2009 – ''present''}} - {{s-ttl | title=WBC Super Welterweight World Champion | years=November 13, 2010 – February 8, 2011
Stripped}} -

- -

Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:Featherweight boxers Category:Filipino boxers Category:Filipino actor–politicians Category:Filipino Roman Catholics Category:Flyweight boxers Category:International Boxing Federation Champions Category:Super-featherweight boxers Category:Light-welterweight boxers Category:Lightweight boxers Category:Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines Category:Notre Dame Educational Association Philippines Category:People from Bukidnon Category:People from South Cotabato Category:Southpaw boxers Category:Super-bantamweight boxers Category:World Boxing Council Champions Category:World Boxing Organization Champions Category:Welterweight boxers Category:World boxing champions Category:World flyweight boxing champions Category:World super-featherweight boxing champions Category:World lightweight boxing champions Category:Recipients of the Order of Sikatuna Category:Filipino sportsperson–politicians Category:Partner of the Free Filipino politicians Category:Nacionalista Party politicians Category:Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians Category:People's Champ Movement politicians Category:Recipients of the Order of Lakandula

ar:ماني باكياو az:Menni Pakyao bcl:Manny Pacquiao ceb:Manny Pacquiao cs:Manny Pacquiao cbk-zam:Manny Pacquiao da:Manny Pacquiao de:Manny Pacquiao el:Μάνι Πακιάο es:Manny Pacquiao fr:Manny Pacquiao ko:매니 파퀴아오 ilo:Manny Pacquiao id:Manny Pacquiao ia:Emmanuel Pacquiao it:Manny Pacquiao he:מני פקיאו pam:Manny Pacquiao la:Emmanuel Pacquiao lv:Menijs Pakjao nl:Manny Pacquiao ja:マニー・パッキャオ no:Manny Pacquiao uz:Manny Pacquiao pag:Manny Pacquiao pl:Manny Pacquiao pt:Manny Pacquiao ro:Manny Pacquiao qu:Manny Pacquiao ru:Пакьяо, Мэнни fi:Manny Pacquiao sv:Manny Pacquiao tl:Manny Pacquiao th:แมนนี่ ปาเกียว vi:Pacquiao war:Manny Pacquiao zh:曼尼·帕奎奥

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
{{infobox boxer|image	Antonio Margarito.jpg
Name	Antonio Margarito
Realname	Antonio Margarito Montiel
Nickname	El Tornado de Tijuana, The Express Train, Tony
Weight	Light MiddleweightWelterweightLight WelterweightLightweight
Height
Reach
Birth date	March 18, 1978
Birth place	Tijuana, Baja California
Nationality	American
Ancestry	Mexican
Home	Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
Style	Orthodox
Total	46
Wins	38
Losses	7
Draws	0
No contests	1
Ko	27 }}

Antonio Margarito Montiel (born on March 18, 1978 in Torrance, California) is a Mexican-American professional boxer. He is a former World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation, and World Boxing Organization Welterweight champion. Nicknamed ''El Tornado de Tijuana'', he is known for his aggressive fighting style and his iron chin. Margarito's reputation was tarnished by an incident in which his corner is alleged to have tampered with his hand wraps prior to his bout with Shane Mosley, which were found by the CSAC to contain sulfur and calcium which, when combined with oxygen, forms "Plaster of Paris". He is currently trained by former IBF Super Featherweight Champion Roberto García. Antonio also manages IBF Lightweight Champion Miguel Vazquez.

Personal life

He resides in Tijuana, Baja California with his wife Michelle Margarito and is the brother-in-law of undefeated prospect Hanzel Martinez.

Amateur career

Margarito compiled a record of 18-3 in his relatively brief amateur career, indicating that he may have turned pro quickly due to financial concerns.

Professional career

Welterweight

Margarito made his debut at the age of 15, beating Jose Trujillo in Tijuana by decision. On April 25, he achieved his first knockout, defeating Victor Angulo in the second round. On October 17 he suffered his first defeat, a six round decision to Victor Lozoya. Over the next six bouts he went 4-2. Following that he went 28-2-1, with notable wins over Alfred Ankamah, Juan Soberanes, future world Middleweight Champion Sergio Gabriel Martinez, Buck Smith, David Kamau and Frankie Randall, a former World Jr. welterweight champion who became the first man to beat Julio César Chávez in 91 fights.

WBO Welterweight Championship

On July 21, 2001, he got his first world title try against southpaw Daniel Santos for the WBO World Welterweight crown, at Bayamón, Puerto Rico's Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum. The fight had to be stopped in the first round as a consequence of a clash of heads that opened deep gashes on both fighters and sent them both to a nearby hospital. Because the fight had not gone four rounds or more for a technical decision to be awarded, it was declared a ''no contest'', and Santos retained the belt.

Capturing the title

Santos then vacated the WBO World Welterweight title to go up in weight and pursue the WBO's world Jr. Middleweight championship, and Margarito was assigned to fight Antonio Díaz for the vacant world crown, in front of an HBO Boxing audience. On March 16, 2002, Margarito crowned himself world champion, beating Diaz by knockout in round ten. He defended that crown with a decision in twelve over Danny Perez Ramírez and a knockout in two over former WBA world champion Andrew Lewis. Lewis was a southpaw and a hard puncher, but had been exposed as having a weak chin. Margarito proved that he has a world class chin. He publicly asked for a unification bout with then WBC and WBA world champion Ricardo Mayorga.

At this point Margarito considered going up in weight, to try to lure Fernando Vargas, Oscar De La Hoya or Shane Mosley into a lucrative fight, or Santos into a rematch at the Jr. Middleweight division. On October 17, 2003, Margarito made his Jr. Middleweight division debut with a two round knockout win over Maurice Brantley in Phoenix, Arizona.

On January 31, 2004, and back in the Welterweight division, he retained his title with a second round knockout of Canada's previously undefeated Hercules Kyvelos.

WBO Light Middleweight Championship

Margarito did face Daniel Santos in a rematch on September 11 of the same year, at the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in San Juan, for Santos' WBO world Jr. Middleweight title. The rematch also ended because of a headbutt, but this time, as the fight had already reached the four rounds mark needed for fights like these to be decided by judges, Margarito lost by a split ten round technical decision. He was down on two scorecards when the fight was stopped.

On April 23, 2005, Margarito retained his WBO world Welterweight title against another Puerto Rican, undefeated world class puncher Kermit Cintron, dropping him four times on his way to a fifth round knockout. This was regarded as one of his best wins.

After almost a ten month layoff, Margarito returned to the boxing ring on February 18, 2006, retaining his title with a first round knockout of Jaime Manuel Gomez, who had lasted eleven rounds with Mosley for the IBF world Lightweight title eight and a half years before.

On December 2, 2006, Margarito defeated future champion Joshua Clottey by a twelve round unanimous decision. Margarito set a Compubox all-time record of 1675 total punches thrown in a twelve round bout.

Losing the title and regaining it

On July 14, 2007, Margarito lost a unanimous 12 round decision to undefeated challenger Paul Williams, losing his WBO belt. After the bout Margarito heavily disputed the decision, claiming that he had landed the most meaningful punches. Williams, however, landed the most punches (outhitting Margarito by almost a 2-1 ratio, and throwing an average of over 100 punches per round) according to compubox.

On April 12, 2008, Margarito engaged in a rematch with Cintron, who had won the IBF welterweight title belt following his loss to Margarito in 2005. In the early rounds, Cintron struck Margarito with several flush power shots to the head, but Margarito remained unhurt and continued to execute a game plan of continuously moving forward and pressuring Cintron. In the sixth round, Margarito landed a liver shot, knocking Cintron out and taking the IBF title. As the referee counted Cintron out, HBO cameras captured Margarito, from a neutral corner, gesturing upward with his arms and urging Cintron to get up so that the two men could continue fighting for a longer period of time.

Margarito vs. Cotto

Following his successful rematch with Cintron, the IBF ordered him to fight a mandatory defense against the organization's number-one contender, Joshua Clottey, whom Margarito had previously defeated in 2006. Rather than agreeing to a rematch with Clottey, Margarito vacated the IBF title and agreed to a fight with undefeated WBA titlist Miguel Cotto of Puerto Rico. The Cotto-Margarito match took place on July 26, 2008, in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Margarito won in the 11th round via TKO. Margarito had lost almost all the early rounds, but he came back with relentless pace, eventually winning in the 11th round in which was one of the fights of the year. At the time of the TKO Margarito was ahead by two rounds on two judges' scorecards, with one judge having it even. Prior to his fight with Shane Mosley, Margarito had a record of 37 wins, 5 losses and 1 no contest, with 27 wins by knockout.

Shane Mosley

Margarito fought Shane Mosley on January 24, 2009 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. He was battered and outclassed by Mosley and lost the fight and his WBA title by 9th round TKO.

Tampered handwraps controversy

Controversy erupted before the fight when Mosley's trainer, Naazim Richardson, observed that Margarito had a pasty white substance in his handwraps. One doctor described this material as plaster hidden in the wrapped hands of Margarito, leading to accusations that he may have been trying to cheat. At Richardson's insistence, California State Inspector Dean Lohuis called for Margarito's hands to be rewrapped. According to Judd Burstein, the attorney for Mosley, Margarito had wet pads in the wrapping. Mosley's doctor, Robert Olvera, likened the material to the type of plaster used to make casts. Burstein said he seized the pad removed from the wrapping and another pad found in Margarito's dressing room. Both were placed in a sealed box that was given to Lohuis for further study. The California Department of Justice laboratory later confirmed the substance to be similar in nature to plaster of Paris.

In late January, the California State Athletic Commission suspended Margarito and his trainer, Javier Capetillo, pending investigation. At the hearing, Margarito claimed he did not know what was in the wraps, while Capetillo admitted to making "a big mistake" by placing the wrong inserts into Margarito's hand wraps. The commission voted unanimously to revoke Margarito and Capetillo's licenses for at least one year. While it found Margarito did not know about the gloves, it took the line that as head of the team, he was responsible for Capetillo's actions. Since state boxing commissions generally honor suspensions imposed in other states, this action effectively banned Margarito from boxing in the United States.

In November 2009, it emerged that red stains on the hand wraps Margarito used in the Cotto fight were similar to the stains on the inserts seized before the Mosley fight. This has raised suspicions that Margarito's gloves were loaded for that fight, and possibly others as well.

Latin Fury 14

Margarito was scheduled to return to the ring on March 13, 2010 against Carson Jones, pending his relicensing, on the Pacquiao-Clottey undercard. But for reasons unspecified, promoter Top Rank announced he would not return. Margarito expressed interest in fighting Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao if the latter's bout with Floyd Mayweather did not materialize.

His comeback fight was postponed until May 8 and was held at Aguascalientes, Mexico, where he faced light middleweight contender Roberto García (21-2). Margarito won a ten round unanimous decision over Garcia to capture the vacant WBC International Light Middleweight title. The judges’ score cards were 99-89, 100-88 and 99-90, all in favor of Margarito.

Pacquiao vs. Margarito

On July 23, 2010, Bob Arum announced that Margarito would face Manny Pacquiao for the WBC Super Welterweight Championship, the belt that was vacated by current undisputed Middleweight Champion Sergio Gabriel Martinez. The fight took place on Saturday, November 13, 2010 in Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas as Margarito got a license in Texas, United States. In his Camp for this fight, Margarito had four southpaw sparring partners who are the undefeated; Karim Martínez, Cleotis Pendarvis, number one mandatory for the WBA World Light Middleweight Championship Austin Trout, and U.S. Olympic Silver Medalist Ricardo Williams. Despite having a 17 pound weight advantage, a 4.5 inch height advantage, and a six inch reach advantage, Margarito was dominated by Pacquiao and took a savage, brutal beating. The fight wound up being a unanimous decision loss for Margarito, with the judges' scorecards being 120-108, 119-109, and 118-108. Margarito was taken to the hospital directly after the fight where it was discovered that his right orbital bone had been fractured. Surgery had to be postponed to three days later as his face was too swollen to operate on.

Five weeks before the fight Margarito and boxer Brandon Rios were interviewed by Elie Seckbach and the video taken showed the group mocking Manny Pacquiao's trainer Freddie Roach who has Parkinson's disease. On the Thursday before the fight, Margarito publicly apologized to Roach and to everyone suffering from Parkinson's.

Margarito vs. Cotto II

Margarito will face off against Miguel Cotto in a rematch for the WBA World Light Middleweight Title on December 3, 2011 in New York.

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|38 Wins (27 knockouts), 7 Losses, 0 Draws |- |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Res. |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponnent |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Rd., Time |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location |align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes |-align=center |||||align=left| Miguel Cotto |||? (12)||||align=left|Madison Square Garden, New York, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||38-7||align=left| Manny Pacquiao |UD||12 ||||align=left| Cowboys Stadium, Arlington, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||38-6||align=left| Roberto García |UD||10 ||||align=left| Plaza de Toros, Aguascalientes, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||37-6||align=left| Shane Mosley |TKO||9 , (0:43)||||align=left| Staples Center, Los Angeles, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||37-5||align=left| Miguel Cotto |TKO||11 (2:05)||||align=left| MGM Grand, Las Vegas, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||36-5||align=left| Kermit Cintrón |KO||6 , (1:57)||||align=left| Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||35-5||align=left| Golden Johnson |TKO||1 , (2:28)||||align=left| Madison Square Garden, New York, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||34-5||align=left| Paul Williams |UD||12 ||||align=left| Home Depot Center, Carson, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||34-4||align=left| Joshua Clottey |UD||12 ||||align=left| Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||33-4||align=left| Manuel Gomez |TKO||1 , (1:14)||||align=left| The Aladdin, Las Vegas, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||32-4||align=left| Kermit Cintrón |TKO||5 , (2:12)||||align=left| Caesar's Palace, Las Vegas, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||31-4||align=left| Sebastian Lujan |TKO||10 , (2:57)||||align=left| Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||30-4||align=left| Daniel Santos |TD||10 , (3:00)||||align=left| Coliseo Jose Miguel Agrelot, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||30-3||align=left| Hercules Kyvelos |TD||2 , (0:54)||||align=left| Dodge Theater, Phoenix, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||29-3||align=left| Maurice Brantley |TKO||2 , (2:47)||||align=left| Celebrity Theater, Phoenix, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||28-3||align=left| Andrew Lewis |TD||2 , (2:31)||||align=left| Mandalay Bay Las Vegas, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||27-3||align=left| Danny Perez |UD||12 ||||align=left| Arrowhead Pond, Anaheim, Anaheim, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||26-3||align=left| Antonio Díaz |TKO||10 , (2:17)||||align=left| Bally, Las Vegas, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |style="background: #DDDDDD"|NC ||26-3||align=left| Daniel Santos |NC||1 , (2:11)||||align=left| Coliseo Ruben Rodriguez, Bayamon, Puerto Rico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||25-3||align=left| Robert West |KO||1 , (2:19)||||align=left| Convention Center, Fort Worth, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||24-3||align=left| Frankie Randall |RTD||4 (10)||||align=left| Memphis, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||23-3||align=left| José Luis Benítez |TKO||1 , (1:06)||||align=left| El Gran Mercado, Phoenix, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||22-3||align=left| David Kamau |TKO||2 , ?:??||||align=left| Fantasy Springs Casino, Indio, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||21-3||align=left| Sergio Martinez |TKO||7 , (2:57)||||align=left| Mandalay Bay, Las Vegas, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||20-3||align=left| Efrain Munoz |KO||2 , ?:??||||align=left| Quiet Cannon, Montebello, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||19-3||align=left| Buck Smith |TKO||5 , ?:??||||align=left| Will Rogers Coliseum, Fort Worth, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||18-3||align=left| Danny Perez |SD||8 ||||align=left| Fantasy Springs Casino, Indio, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||17-3||align=left| Daniel Mendez |KO||3 , ?:??||||align=left| Auditorio Municipal, Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||16-3||align=left| Reyes Estrada |KO||2 , ?:??||||align=left| Auditorio Municipal Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||15-3||align=left| Francisco Méndez |KO||10 , ?:??||||align=left| Fantasy Springs Casino, Indio, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||14-3||align=left| Miguel González |UD||8||||align=left| Scottish Rite Center, San Diego, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||13-3||align=left| César Valdez |TKO||5 , ?:??||||align=left| Orleans Hotel, Las Vegas, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||12-3||align=left| Horatio García |UD||10 ||||align=left| Country Club, Reseda, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||11-3||align=left| Juan Soberanes |UD||10 ||||align=left|The Pond, Anaheim, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||10-3||align=left| Alfred Ankamah |TKO||4 (10)||||align=left| Honda Center, Anaheim, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||9-3||align=left| Rodney Jones |UD||10||||align=left| Culver City, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||9-2||align=left| Yoani Cervantes |KO||4 , ?:??||||align=left| Los Angeles, United States}} |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||8-2||align=left| Larry Dixon |UD||10 ||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||8-1||align=left| Antonio Ojeda |KO||4 , ?:??||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||7-1||align=left| Carlos Palafox |PTS||4 ||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||6-1||align=left| Efrain Muñoz |PTS||4 ||||align=left|Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Loss||5-1||align=left| Victor Lozoya |PTS||6 ||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||5-0||align=left| Francisco López |TKO||3 , ?:??||||align=left| Ensenada, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||4-0||align=left| Cesar Roland |KO||1 , ?:??||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||3-0||align=left| Victor Angulo |TKO||4 , ?:??||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||2-0||align=left| Gilberto Plata |UD||4 ||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center |Win||1-0||align=left| Jose Trujillo |UD||4 ||||align=left| Tijuana, Mexico}} |align=left| |-align=center

See also

List of boxing families

List of Welterweight World boxing champions

List of IBF World Champions

List of WBO World Champions

List of WBA World Champions

The Battle (Margarito's battle against WBA Welterweight champion Miguel Cotto)

References

External links

Antonio Margarito Fight-by-Fight Career Record

Manny Pacquiao vs Antonio Margarito

Personal Website

Official Clothing Line

{{s-ttl | title=IBF Welterweight Champion| years=April 12, 2008 – July 23, 2008Vacated}} {{s-ttl | title=WBA Welterweight Champion| years=July 26, 2008 – October 3, 2008Promoted}} {{s-ttl | title=WBA Welterweight Super Champion| years=October 3, 2008 – January 24, 2009}}

Category:People from Tijuana Category:International Boxing Federation Champions Category:World Boxing Association Champions Category:World Boxing Organization Champions Category:Boxers from California Category:Welterweight boxers Category:Light-middleweight boxers Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:American boxers of Mexican descent

bcl:Antonio Margarito de:Antonio Margarito es:Antonio Margarito fr:Antonio Margarito it:Antonio Margarito ja:アントニオ・マルガリート pl:Antonio Margarito ru:Маргарито, Антонио fi:Antonio Margarito