Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1780

Year 1780 (MDCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.

Events[link]

January–June[link]

• January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet.
• February – The League of Armed Neutrality is formed between Denmark, Sweden, and Russia.
• February 29 – The Omicron Delta Omega co-ed fraternity is founded by Benjamin Franklin.
• March 8 – Formation of the League of Armed Neutrality.
• March 26 – The British Gazette and Sunday Monitor, the first Sunday newspaper in Britain, begins publication.
• April 16 – The University of Münster in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded.
• May 12 – American Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces.

May 29: Waxhaw Massacre in America.

• May 13 – Cumberland Compact signed by American settlers in the Cumberland Valley of Tennessee.
• May 19 – New England's Dark Day: An unaccountable darkness spreads over New England, regarded by some observers as a fulfillment of Bible prophecy.
• May 29 – American Revolutionary War: Loyalist forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton kill surrendering American soldiers in the Waxhaw Massacre.
• June 2 – Gordon Riots in London, Great Britain: The Duke of Richmond calls, in the House of Lords, for manhood suffrage and annual parliaments.

July–December[link]

• July 11 – French soldiers arrive in Newport, Rhode Island to reinforce colonists in the American Revolutionary War.^[1]
• August 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Camden: British troops inflict heavy losses on a Patriot army at Camden, South Carolina.
• August 9 – American Revolutionary War: Spanish admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova captures a British convoy totalling 55 vessels amongst Indiamen, frigates and other cargo ships off Cape St. Vincent.^[2][3]
• August 24 – Louis XVI of France abolishes the use of torture in extracting confessions.
• September 21 – Benedict Arnold gives detailed plans of West Point to Major John André. Three days later, André is captured with papers revealing that Arnold was planning to surrender West Point to the British.
• September 25 – Benedict Arnold flees to British-held New York.
• October 2 – American Revolutionary War: In Tappan, New York, British spy John André is hanged by American forces.
• October 7 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Kings Mountain: Patriot militia forces annihilate a Loyalists under British Major Patrick Ferguson at Kings Mountain in South Carolina.
• October 10–October 16 – The Great Hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and St. Eustatius: 22,000 dead.
• November 29 – Maria Theresa of Austria dies and her Habsburg dominions pass to her ambitious son, Joseph II, who has already been Holy Roman Emperor since 1765.
• December 16 – Emperor Kōkaku accedes to the throne of Japan.
• December 20 start of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War.

Date unknown[link]

Final volume, Diderot Encyclopédie.

• In Ireland, Lady Berry, who is sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become an executioner (retires 1810)
• The original Craven Cottage is built by William Craven, 6th Baron Craven (located on the centre circle of the pitch).
• Jose Gabriel Kunturkanki, businessman and landowner, proclaims himself Inca Tupac Amaru II.
• Nikephoros Theotokis starts introducing Edinoverie, an attempt to integrate the Old Believers into Russia's established church.
• Western countries pay 16,000,000 ounces of silver for Chinese goods.
• c. 9 million population in Britain.
• Det Dramatiske Selskab is founded in Norway.

Births[link]

• February 1 – David Porter, American naval officer (d. 1843)
• February 19 – Richard McCarty, American politician (d. 1844)
• April 29 – Charles Nodier, French author (d. 1844)
• May 21 – Elizabeth Fry, British humanitarian (d. 1845)
• June 1 – Carl von Clausewitz, Prussian military strategist (d. 1831)
• July 5 – François Carlo Antommarchi, French Physician (d. 1838)
• August 29 – Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, French painter (d. 1867)
• December 26 – Mary Fairfax Somerville, British mathematician (d. 1872)
• date unknown
  • James Justinian Morier, British diplomat and novelist (d. 1849)
  • John Bird Sumner, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1862)

Deaths[link]

• February 14 – William Blackstone, English jurist (b. 1723)
• February 17 – Andreas Felix von Oefele, German historian and librarian (b. 1706)
• February 18 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian poet (b. 1714)
• March 17 – Elizabeth Butchill, English woman executed for the murder of her newborn child (b. ca. 1758)
• March 26 – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1713)
• May 18 – Charles Hardy, British governor of Newfoundland (b. c. 1714)
• June 3 – Thomas Hutchinson, American colonial governor of Massachusetts (b. 1711)
• July 4 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Austrian military leader (b. 1712)
• July 14 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher (b. 1713)
• August 3 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (b. 1715)
• August 29 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect (b. 1713)
• September 4 – John Fielding, English magistrate and social reformer (b. 1721)
• September 8 – Enoch Poor, American Revolutionary general (b. 1736)
• October 2 – John André, British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War (executed) (b. 1750)
• October 17 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (b. 1705)
• November 26 – Sir James Denham Steuart, 4th Baronet, British economist (b. 1712)
• November 29 – Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (b. 1717)
• December 26 – John Fothergill, English physician (b. 1712)
• date unknown – Thomas Dilworth, British cleric and writer

References[link]

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012)

Luigi Rodolfo Boccherini (Lucca, Italy, February 19, 1743 – Madrid, Spain, May 28, 1805) was an Italian classical era composer and cellist whose music retained a courtly and galante style while he matured somewhat apart from the major European musical centers. Boccherini is most widely known for one particular minuet from his String Quintet in E, Op. 11, No. 5 (G 275), and the Cello Concerto in B flat major (G 482). The latter work was long known in the heavily altered version by German cellist and prolific arranger Friedrich Grützmacher, but has recently been restored to its original version. Boccherini composed several guitar quintets including the "Fandango" which was influenced by Spanish music.

Biography[link]

Boccherini was born in Lucca, Italy, into a musical family. At a young age he was sent by his father, a cellist and double bass player, to study in Rome. In 1757 they both went to Vienna where they were employed by the court as musicians in the Burgtheater. In 1761 Boccherini went to Madrid, where he was employed by Infante Luis Antonio of Spain, younger brother of King Charles III. There he flourished under royal patronage, until one day when the King expressed his disapproval at a passage in a new trio, and ordered Boccherini to change it. The composer, no doubt irritated with this intrusion into his art, doubled the passage instead, leading to his immediate dismissal. Then he accompanied Don Luis to Arenas de San Pedro, a little town at the Gredos mountains; there and in the closest town of Candeleda, Boccherini wrote many of his most brilliant works.

Among his late patrons was the French consul Lucien Bonaparte, as well as King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia, himself an amateur cellist, flautist, and avid supporter of the arts. Boccherini fell on hard times following the deaths of his Spanish patron, two wives, and two daughters, and he died almost in poverty in Madrid in 1805, being survived by two sons. His blood line continues to this day in Spain.^{[citation needed]} He was buried in the Pontifical Basilica of St. Michael until 1927, when Benito Mussolini repatriated his remains to the Church of San Francesco of his native Lucca.

Works[link]

Luigi Boccherini playing the cello. Unknown artist (Circa 1764-1767)

Much of his chamber music follows models established by Joseph Haydn; however, Boccherini is often credited with improving Haydn's model of the string quartet by bringing the cello to prominence, whereas Haydn had frequently relegated it to an accompaniment role. Rather, some sources for Boccherini's style are in the works of a famous Italian cellist, Giovanni Battista Cirri, who was born before Boccherini and before Haydn, and in the Spanish popular music.

A virtuoso cellist of high caliber, Boccherini often played violin repertoire on the cello, at pitch, a skill he developed by substituting for ailing violinists while touring. This supreme command of the instrument brought him much praise from his contemporaries (notably Pierre Baillot, Pierre Rode, and Bernhard Romberg), and is evident in the cello parts of his compositions (particularly in the quintets for two cellos, treated often as cello concertos with string quartet accompaniment).

He wrote a large amount of chamber music, including over one hundred string quintets for two violins, viola and two cellos (a type which he pioneered, in contrast with the then common scoring for two violins, two violas and one cello), a dozen guitar quintets, not all of which have survived, nearly a hundred string quartets, and a number of string trios and sonatas (including at least 19 for the cello). His orchestral music includes around 30 symphonies and 12 virtuoso cello concertos.

Boccherini's works have been catalogued by the French musicologist Yves Gérard (born 1932) in the Gérard catalog, published in London (1969), hence the "G" numbers applied to his output.

With a ministerial decree dated 27 April 2006, the Opera Omnia of the composer Luigi Boccherini was promoted to the status of Italian National Edition.

Boccherini's style is characterized by the typical Rococo charm, lightness, and optimism, and exhibits much melodic and rhythmic invention, coupled with frequent influences from the guitar tradition of his adopted country, Spain.

Contemporary revival[link]

Neglected after his death—the dismissive sobriquet "Haydn's wife" dates from the nineteenth century— his works have been gaining more recognition since the late 20th century, in print, record, and concert hall. His "celebrated minuet" (String Quintet in E, Op. 11, No. 5 (G 275)) was popularized through its use in the film The Ladykillers. His famous "Musica notturna delle strade di Madrid" (String Quintet in C Major, Op. 30 No. 6, G324), became popular through its use in films such as Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World.

His distinctive compositions for string quintet (two violins, one viola, two celli), long neglected after his death, have been brought back to life by the Boccherini Quintet in the second half of the 20th century, when two of its founding members discovered a complete collection of the first edition of the 141 string quintets in Paris and began playing and recording them around the world.

Recording[link]

• Flute Quintets, Op. 19, Auser Musici, Carlo Ipata, director, Hyperion CDA67646 (2008)

Media[link]

Sonata for Two Cellos in C Major, 1st movement Allegro moderato Alisa Weilerstein and Sujari Britt at the White House (2009-11-04) Sonata for Two Cellos in C Major, 1st movement Allegro moderato Audio only version String Quintet op.27 No 3, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (October 2001) String Quintet op.27 No 3, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (October 2001) String Quintet op.27 No 1, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (November 2001) String Quintet op.27 No 1, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (November 2001) String Quintet Op10 No5, third movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op62 No4, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op62 No4, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op62 No4, third movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op62 No4, fourth movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op11 No1, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op11 No1, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op11 No1, third movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet Op11 No3, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002)

String Quintet Op11 No3, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet Op11 No3, third movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet Op11 No3, fourth movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.11 No 2, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet op.11 No 2, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet op.11 No 2, third movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet op.11 No 2, fourth movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2001) String Quintet op.13 No 1, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.13 No 1, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.13 No 1, third movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.13 No 1, fourth movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.18 No 1, first movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.18 No 1, second movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.18 No 1, third movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) String Quintet op.18 No 1, fourth movement Performed by Jacques Lochet, violin and synthesizer (2002) Problems listening to the files? See media help.

Research[link]

• Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805) First International Conference in Lucca - CALL FOR PAPERS
• Boccherini Studies
• Luigi Boccherini's Complete Works

See also[link]

• List of compositions by Luigi Boccherini
• Cello Concerto in D Major, G.479
• Cello Concerto in B-flat Major, G.482

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Luigi Boccherini

• Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini
• Association Luigi Boccherini
• Classical Music Archives
• Luigi Boccherini 1743-1805
• Free scores by Luigi Boccherini in the Werner Icking Music Archive (WIMA)
• Free scores by Boccherini at the International Music Score Library Project
• Examples of Boccherini's works at The Classical Music Dictionary
• Luigi Boccherini. More extensive biography (Spanish)
• Complete list of works at University of Quebec. Marked "under construction". (French)
• Trios, violins, violoncello, G. 83-88 (From the Sibley Music Library Digital Score Collection)
• Sonatas, harpsichord, violin, violoncello, G. 143-148 (From the Sibley Music Library Digital Score Collection)
• Luigi Boccherini Music Insitute, Lucca

Pieter Hellendaal (1 April 1721 – 19 April 1799) was an organist and violinist, and one of the most famous composers of Dutch origin in the 18th century. At age 30, he migrated to England where he lived for the last 48 of his 78 years.

Life[link]

Early and Student Years[link]

Hellendaal was born in Rotterdam. At age 12, with little musical training, Hellendaal was appointed in 1733 as organist for the St. Nicholas church in Utrecht. Four years later, at age 15, he embarked on an educational journey to Italy for six years (1737–1743). For two years of this journey (1740–1742) he studied in Padua with Giuseppe Tartini, the most famous violinist of that time.

Returning in 1742 from Italy to the Netherlands, Hellendaal sometime in 1744-5 completed his first published work, his Six Violin Sonatas. For two years, 1749 until 1751, he continued his musical studies at Leiden University.

England[link]

In 1752, at age thirty, Hellendaal moved to England where in London he established himself as a prominent composer and violin soloist. He soon made the acquaintance of George Frideric Handel, and in 1754, he helped Handel with a presentation of Acis and Galatea (HWV49a/b). From 1760 to 1762, he made his living expenses by working as the organist for St. Margaret's Church in King's Lynn, Norfolk, a port town about 97 miles north of London.

Cambridge University[link]

When he was age forty, in 1762, Pembroke College, Cambridge hired Hellendaal as organist. He taught, gave concerts, composed, and in 1777 was appointed organist in the Chapel of Peterhouse College. Here he stayed and worked until he died 37 years later in 1799.

Works[link]

His works include virtuoso violin sonatas in the Italian late Baroque style; Three Grand Lessons for keyboard, violin, and continuo (published ca. 1790); a cantata, and vocal works (including canons, catches, and glees). His Six Concerti Grossi (published ca.1758, Opus 3, in eight parts) retained the older style - where several different soloists interact with a somewhat larger group of players who provide the larger orchestral texture - because its popularity lingered for decades after it became unfashionable on the Continent.

Some prominent works[link]

• Six grand concertos opera terzo. - Huntigdon : King's Music, 1991 (Repr. d. Ausg. London 1758)
• A collection of psalms and hymns for the use of parish churches (1793)

Recordings[link]

• Pieter Hellendaal: 6 Concerti Grossi European Community Baroque Orchestra conducted by Roy Goodman. Channel Classics Nl CD

References[link]

• HOASM biography, accessed 11 February 2010
• discography, accessed 11 February 2010

External links[link]

• Free scores by Pieter Hellendaal at the International Music Score Library Project
• Hellendaal Concerto Grosso op. 3 no. 1 in g minor on YouTube: Ton Koopman and the European Union Baroque Orchestra at the 2010 'Indian Summer in Levoca' Festival

Ali Baba by Maxfield Parrish (1909)

Ali Baba (Arabic: علي بابا‎ ʿAli Bāba) is a fictional character from medieval Arabic literature. He is described in the adventure tale of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves.

This story has been used as a popular pantomime plot such as in the pantomime/musical Chu Chin Chow (1916). Like many other folk tales frequently adapted for children, the original tale is darker and more violent than the more familiar bowdlerised versions. Popular perception of Ali Baba, and the way he is treated in popular media, sometimes implies that he was the leader of the "Forty Thieves": in the story he is actually an "honest man"^[1] whom fortune enables to take advantage of the thieves' robberies.

Textual history[link]

Some critics believe that this story was added to One Thousand and One Nights by one of its European translators, Antoine Galland, an 18th-century French orientalist who may have heard it in oral form from a Middle Eastern story-teller from Aleppo, in modern day Syria. In any case, the first known text of the story is Galland's French version. Richard F. Burton, however, claimed it to be part of the original One Thousand and One Nights.

The American Orientalist Duncan Black MacDonald discovered an Arabic-language manuscript of the legend at the Bodleian Library;^[2] however, this was later found to be a counterfeit.

Story[link]

Ali Baba and his elder brother Cassim are the sons of a merchant. After the death of their father, the greedy Cassim marries a wealthy woman and becomes well-to-do, building on their father's business—but Ali Baba marries a poor woman and settles into the trade of a woodcutter.

One day Ali Baba is at work collecting and cutting firewood in the forest, and he happens to overhear a group of forty thieves visiting their treasure store. The treasure is in a cave, the mouth of which is sealed by magic. It opens on the words "iftah ya simsim" (commonly written as "Open Sesame" in English), and seals itself on the words "Close, Simsim" ("Close Sesame"). When the thieves are gone, Ali Baba enters the cave himself, and takes some of the treasure home.

Ali Baba borrows his sister-in-law's scales to weigh this new wealth of gold coins. Unbeknownst to Ali, she puts a blob of wax in the scales to find out what Ali is using them for, as she is curious to know what kind of grain her impoverished brother-in-law needs to measure. To her shock, she finds a gold coin sticking to the scales and tells her husband, Ali Baba's rich and greedy brother, Cassim. Under pressure from his brother, Ali Baba is forced to reveal the secret of the cave. Cassim goes to the cave and enters with the magic words, but in his greed and excitement over the treasures forgets the magic words to get back out again. The thieves find him there, and kill him. When his brother does not come back, Ali Baba goes to the cave to look for him, and finds the body, quartered and with each piece displayed just inside the entrance of the cave to discourage any similar attempts in the future.

Ali Baba brings the body home, where he entrusts Morgiana, a clever slave-girl in Cassim's household, with the task of making others believe that Cassim has died a natural death. First, Morgiana purchases medicines from an apothecary, telling him that Cassim is gravely ill. Then, she finds an old tailor known as Baba Mustafa whom she pays, blindfolds, and leads to Cassim's house. There, overnight, the tailor stitches the pieces of Cassim's body back together, so that no one will be suspicious. Ali and his family are able to give Cassim a proper burial without anyone asking awkward questions.

The thieves, finding the body gone, realize that yet another person must know their secret, and set out to track him down. One of the thieves goes down to the town and comes across Baba Mustafa, who mentions that he has just sewn a dead man's body back together. Realizing that the dead man must have been the thieves' victim, the thief asks Baba Mustafa to lead the way to the house where the deed was performed. The tailor is blindfolded again, and in this state he is able to retrace his steps and find the house. The thief marks the door with a symbol. The plan is for the other thieves to come back that night and kill everyone in the house. However, the thief has been seen by Morgiana and she, loyal to her master, foils his plan by marking all the houses in the neighborhood with a similar marking. When the 40 thieves return that night, they cannot identify the correct house and the head thief kills the lesser thief. The next day, another thief revisits Baba Mustafa and tries again, only this time, a chunk is chipped out of the stone step at Ali Baba's front door. Again Morgiana foils the plan by making similar chips in all the other doorsteps. The second thief is killed for his stupidity as well. At last, the head thief goes and looks for himself. This time, he memorizes every detail he can of the exterior of Ali Baba's house.

The chief of the thieves pretends to be an oil merchant in need of Ali Baba's hospitality, bringing with him mules loaded with thirty-eight oil jars, one filled with oil, the other thirty-seven hiding the other remaining thieves. Once Ali Baba is asleep, the thieves plan to kill him. Again, Morgiana discovers and foils the plan, killing the thirty-seven thieves in their oil jars by pouring boiling oil on them. When their leader comes to rouse his men, he discovers that they are dead, and escapes.

To exact revenge, after some time the thief establishes himself as a merchant, befriends Ali Baba's son (who is now in charge of the late Cassim's business), and is invited to dinner at Ali Baba's house. The thief is recognized by Morgiana, who performs a dance with a dagger for the diners and plunges it into the heart of the thief when he is off his guard. Ali Baba is at first angry with Morgiana, but when he finds out the thief tried to kill him, he gives Morgiana her freedom and marries her to his son. Ali Baba is then left as the only one knowing the secret of the treasure in the cave and how to access it. Thus, the story ends happily for everyone except the forty thieves and Cassim.

Classification[link]

The story has been classified in the Aarne–Thompson classification system as AT 676.^[3]

Adaptations[link]

• The story was made into an Egyptian movie in 1942 as "Ali Baba We El Arbeen Haramy" (Alibaba and the Forty Thieves), with Ali AlKassar playing the lead as Ali Baba, and the comedian actor Ismail Yasin as his assistant.
• An 1878 British pantomime version was The Forty Thieves.
• A French film Ali Baba et les quarante voleurs starring Fernandel and Samia Gamal (1954).
• A French telefilm starring Gérard Jugnot and Catherine Zeta-Jones (2007).
• In 1970s Alibaba story was adapted in a Bengali film called 'Morgiana Abdulla'.
• A Soviet-Indian joint film of 1979 Ali Baba aur 40 Chor, starring Dharmendra, Hema Malini, Rolan Bykov and Zeenat Aman, was largely based on this adventure tale.
• A Malaysian comedy film, Ali Baba Bujang Lapok (1960) which quite faithfully adhered to the tale's plot details, but introduced a number of anachronisms for humour, for example the usage of a truck by Kassim Baba to steal the robbers' loot.
• There are two Tamil films under the title Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum ("Alibaba and Forty Thieves"). The first film starring N. S. Krishnan as Ali Baba released in 1941, the second film starring M. G. Ramachandran, released in 1956.
• The story was adapted in the 1971 anime Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (アリババと４０匹の盗賊, Aribaba to Yonjuppiki no Tozoku^?), storyboarded by Hayao Miyazaki.
• The concept of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves was used for the last installment of Disney's Aladdin series, Aladdin and the King of Thieves, released in 1996, introducing Cassim the King of Thieves as Aladdin's father.
• In the television mini-series Arabian Nights, the story is told faithfully with two major changes. The first is that when Morgiana discovers the thieves in the oil jars, she alerts Ali Baba and together with a friend, they release the jars on a street with a steep incline and allow them roll down to break open. Furthermore, the city guard is alerted and arrest the disoriented thieves as they emerge from their containers. Later when Morgiana defeats the thief leader, Ali Baba, who is young and has no children, marries the heroine himself.
• A film adaption Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves was made in 1944. The film was remade in 1965 as The Sword of Ali Baba. Frank Puglia portrayed the character named Kassim in both versions.
• At the United States Air Force Academy, Cadet Squadron 40 was originally nicknamed "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" before eventually changing its name to the "P-40 Warhawks"
• A mythopoeic novel by Tom Holt, 'Open Sesame', is based on characters from the story of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves"

In other media[link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011)

• A Merrie Melodies Bugs Bunny/Daffy Duck cartoon, Ali Baba Bunny, has a similar premise to the concept of the treasure-filled magical cave.

• A Popeye cartoon, Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves, features Popeye meeting and defeating the titular group.

• In the Disney film Aladdin there are several references to the story. Also, in Aladdin and the King of Thieves the forty thieves play an integral part in the story. However the story is very different than the original Ali Baba story, particularly Cassim's new role as the King of Thieves.

• In the Simpsons episode Moe Goes From Rags To Riches, Lisa is Scheherazade and Nelson Muntz is King Shahryar, and Lisa tells him the story.

• The 1971 Japanese film, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (アリババと40匹の盗賊, Aribaba to Yonjūbiki no Tozuku^?), for which Hayao Miyazaki was key animator and organizer.

• A 1981 computer video game by Quality Software^[4]

• Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves, a 1982 arcade video game by Taito

• Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, a computer game for the Apple II published in 1982

• A version of Ali Baba appears in Sonic and the Secret Rings, where he is portrayed by the character Tails.

Iraq War[link]

• The name "Ali Baba" was often used as derogatory slang by American and Iraqi soldiers and their allies in the War in Iraq to describe individuals suspected of a variety of offenses related to theft and looting.^[5] British soldiers routinely used the term to refer to Iraqi civilians.^[6] In the subsequent occupation it is used as a general term for the insurgents, similar to Charlie for the Viet Cong in the Vietnam War.^[7]

• Due to interaction of the two peoples, the term "Ali Baba" was adopted by the Iraqis to describe foreign troops suspected of looting,^[8] and the English-speaking mainstream press mistakenly reported the slang to be native to the locals.^[9]

Gallery[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ali Baba

• "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" (e-text, in English)
• Waller Hastings, "Ali Baba and the forty Thieves": essay
• Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and Arabian Nights and The Sword of Ali Baba at the Internet Movie Database