Coordinates	10°27′23″N64°10′3″N
Name	RZA
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Robert Fitzgerald Diggs
Alias	Prince Rakeem, The Scientist (As member of Force of the Imperial Masters, later known as All in Together Now Crew) The Abbot (As member of Tommy Boy Records) , Rzarector (As a member of Gravediggaz) , Bobby Digital, Bobby Steels, Prince Dynamite, Prince Delight, Ruler Zig-Zag-Zig Allah
Born	July 05, 1969Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York
Origin	Staten Island, New York, United States
Instrument	Rapping, guitar, piano, keyboards, zither, sampler
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	Rapper, CEO, record producer, actor, screenwriter, author, director
Years active	1989–present
Label	Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. RecordsWu-Tang Records/Razor Sharp/Epic/36 Chambers Records/Wu Music Group/Wu-Tang International/SME RecordsVirgin/EMI RecordsKoch Records
Associated acts	Wu-Tang Clan, Gravediggaz, Easy Mo Bee, Kanye West, Eslam Jawaad, Kool G Rap
Notable instruments	E-mu SP-1200Roland MC-909Roland MV-8000Roland MV-8800Ensoniq-16 plus }}

Robert Fitzgerald Diggs, better known by his stage name RZA (; born July 5, 1969), is an American Grammy-winning music producer, multi-instrumentalist, author, emcee, and occasional actor, director, and screenwriter. A prominent figure in Hip Hop, RZA is the ''de facto'' leader of the Wu-Tang Clan. He has produced almost all of Wu-Tang Clan's albums as well as many Wu-Tang solo and affiliate projects. He is widely considered one of the most influential and landmark hip-hop producers of all time. He subsequently gained attention for his work scoring and then later acting in films. His revolutionary techniques of sampling, speeding up tracks to fit the beat laced, and his cinematic skits sprinkled throughout albums have greatly inspired other producers in the industry. He produced for a slew of Wu Tang solo albums as well as group albums that dominated not only commercially, but also thematically and artistically. His production from the mid 90's to the late 90's brought about one of the greatest 'bouts' or 'runs' of inspiration the industry has seen, creating various classics.

He has also released solo albums under the alter-ego Bobby Digital, along with executive producing credits for countless side projects. In addition to the Wu-Tang Clan and his solo releases, RZA was also a founding member of the horrorcore Hip Hop group Gravediggaz where he used the name The Rzarector. Furthermore, he has acted in several movies, including ''Coffee and Cigarettes'', ''American Gangster'', ''Gospel Hill'', ''Life Is Hot in Cracktown'', ''Ghost Dog'', ''Funny People'', ''Derailed'', ''Due Date'' and ''Repo Men''. He continues to build his acting and production work hand in hand.

In 2008, RZA was ranked #4 on About.com's list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers, while ''The Source'' placed him on its list of the 20 greatest producers in the magazine's twenty-year history. He also made the "Elite 8" in the search for The Greatest Hip-Hop Producer of All Time by ''Vibe''.

Early life

Born in Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York, RZA spent time in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a child, where his father had a convenience store in the Hill District. From the ages of three to seven, RZA lived in North Carolina with his uncle, who always encouraged him to read and study.

He is named after Robert Kennedy and John Fitzgerald Kennedy. His mother greatly admired the Kennedys, the RZA has called his given name a "honorable" name, given the legacy of both brothers Robert and Jack.

Music career

1989-1991

RZA began his Hip Hop music career in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as a member of the trio Force of the Imperial Master (which subsequently became known as the All in Together Now Crew after they had a successful underground single of that name). The group consisted of future Wu-Tang members and his cousins GZA (then known as the Genius) and Ol' Dirty Bastard (then known as Ason Unique, the Specialist, and the Professor).

Once this local band dissolved, both he and the GZA attempted to kick start solo careers. With the help of GZA's friend (then owner of Jamaica Records) they both secured single deals with album options at successful labels, GZA going to Cold Chillin and RZA to Tommy Boy. GZA ultimately released the ''Words from the Genius'' album, but RZA's stint at Tommy Boy ended with only the EP ''Ooh I Love You Rakeem'' to show for it when he went to jail soon after its release. GZA's album flopped, and the two cousins became determined to conquer the hip hop industry on their own terms. Throughout most of his youth he enjoyed watching various kung-fu movies and purchasing countless albums which he would later sample in most of his music.

1992-1993: ''Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)''

From this determination came the Wu-Tang Clan (named after ''Shaolin and Wu Tang'', a kung fu movie), formed with GZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard as well as with six other rappers (Inspectah Deck, Raekwon, Method Man, Masta Killa, U-God and Ghostface Killah). With the Clan, Prince Rakeem started going by the name RZA (Ruler Zig-Zag-Zig Allah).

After the single "Protect Ya Neck," which was driven by a raucous RZA-produced beat, made the group into underground sensations, the group released their debut LP ''Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)''. The album, which only cost $36K to produce, eventually went platinum, and was heralded by hip-hop fans as a classic. ''Enter the Wu-Tang'' revolutionized hip hop and helped bring the East Coast back into the spotlight after Dr. Dre's G-funk had come to dominate the rap scene, the resurgence in large part thanks to RZA's lean, gritty and very distinctive production style.

1994–1996: Gravediggaz and Wu-Tang solo projects: Round one

As each of the group's members embarked on solo careers, RZA continued to produce nearly everything Wu-Tang released during the period 1994–1996, producing in both the hip-hop producer sense (composing and arranging the instrumental tracks) and in the wider music producer sense (overseeing and directing the creative process as well as devising song concepts and structure in addition to being responsible for a recording's final sound). RZA's rule over the Clan at this time is described in 2004's ''Wu-Tang Manual'' book as "a dictatorship". Yet he still released a hit single of his own, in the form of ''Wu-Wear: The Garment Renaissance''. The song was featured on the ''High School High'' soundtrack, and was released to coincide with the Wu-Tang clothing brand. It peaked at #60 on the Billboard Hot 100, and #6 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.

His sound was to develop from the raw, minimalist sounds of Method Man's ''Tical'' and Ol' Dirty Bastard's ''Return to the 36 Chambers'' to more cinematic and expansive soundscapes driven by string sections or thick layers of synthesizer on Ghostface Killah's ''Ironman'', GZA's ''Liquid Swords'', and Raekwon's ''Only Built 4 Cuban Linx...''.

During this time, RZA also took part in the creation of a hip hop subgenre called horrorcore with the Gravediggaz, an off-and-on hip-hop supergroup including Frukwan of Stetsasonic, Too Poetic of The Brothers Grym, and Prince Paul who released the album ''6 Feet Deep'' in 1994. As part of the Gravediggaz, he went by the name The RZArecta. In reference to RZA's start with the group he mentions:

1997: ''Wu-Tang Forever''

The success of ''Wu-Tang Forever'', which hit number one on the charts after selling 600,000 in its first week, also marked the end of RZA's "five year plan"; at the group's inception, he promised the group if he had total dictatorial control of the Wu-Tang empire, it would conquer the hip hop world within five years.

After ''Forever'''s success, RZA ceased to oversee all aspects of Wu-Tang product as he had previously, delegating much of his existing role to associates such as Oli "Power" Grant and his brother Mitchell "Divine" Diggs, and giving each Clan member more individual control. This move was designed to enable the Wu-Tang empire to expand further and further into the fabric of the hip hop industry, and in accordance with this an extremely large amount of Wu-Tang music was to be released over the next two years.

This had already to some extent begun on ''Wu-Tang Forever'', which for the first time featured RZA delegating a small number of beatmaking duties to other producers in the Wu-Tang camp, such as his proteges True Master and 4th Disciple who are known as the Wu-Elements, and Clan member Inspectah Deck.

1998-1999: Gravediggaz and Wu-Tang solo projects: Round two

During the 1998–2000 period RZA ceased to produce every Wu-Tang solo album as he had done previously, but continued to contribute usually one or two songs on average to each record as well as receiving an Executive Producer credit.

''RZA as Bobby Digital in Stereo'' was an experimental concept album featuring him rapping as his hedonistic, fun-loving alter-ego Bobby Digital and showcasing a unique keyboard-driven sound RZA called "digital orchestra", receiving mixed reviews at best.

''The Cure'' album currently remains unreleased and incomplete, due to further work and development being continued into the new millennium. It is now said to be RZA's final solo album. Within the same year, a mixtape known as ''Formula For The Cure'' was compiled and released by Dreddy Kruger, without RZA's approval and consent. The mixtape was meant to be as a prequel of some sorts to the final solo album.

2000: ''The W''

After helming another Wu-Tang group album titled ''The W'' (his production on which received much praise) and providing narration to a Clan greatest hits album titled ''The RZA Hits'', RZA released another Bobby Digital album, 2001's ''Digital Bullet''. ''Digital Bullet'' was an attempt to develop Bobby Digital further, and the album followed a loose story arc which saw the character becoming more "enlightened" and more disillusioned with hedonism as the album went on.

2001-2004: Post ''The W'' solo projects

In 1999 the RZA moved into composing film scores. His first work, Jim Jarmusch's ''Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai'' (1999), earned praise; he also had brief cameo in the film itself, as a fellow samurai wearing camouflage. The experience was positive and, as he noted during an interview on National Public Radio's ''Fresh Air'', the work with traditional musicians gave him the desire to learn how to read and write music.

The critical success of the ''Ghost Dog'' soundtrack led to further work. RZA created and produced the original music for Quentin Tarantino's ''Kill Bill'' series, as well as ''Blade: Trinity'', and ''Soul Plane''. RZA was nominated for four different awards for the work he did on the ''Kill Bill'' vol. 1 and 2 soundtracks, winning one.

In the beginning of 2003 he also produced a few tracks for ''The Mindscape of Alan Moore''.

His third solo album is titled, ''Birth of a Prince'', which was released in 2003 under the name RZA, and spawned the single "We Pop". The album itself featured a mix of lighthearted Bobby Digital tracks and more lyrically highbrow RZA tracks. In 2003 he also released an album of collaborations with international rap and R&B; musicians (including the UK's Skinnyman, France's Saïan Supa Crew, Germany's Xavier Naidoo and Italy's Frankie Hi-NRG MC) entitled ''The World According to RZA''.

2005-Present: Solo projects: Round three

In 2005 RZA released the long-gestating book ''The Wu-Tang Manual'', an in-depth discussion of the Wu-Tang terms, Wu-Tang members, merchandise, movies and inspirations. RZA continued to act in and score movies such as ''Derailed'', ''Blood of a Champion'' and ''Miami Vice''. He also contributed two bonus tracks for the reissued soundtrack to the Luc Besson film ''Unleashed'', starring Jet Li. In 2006, as a producer, he contributed to five tracks on Method Man's latest album ''4:21... The Day After'' and also executive produced the project.

In late January 2007 he announced that he was working on a fourth album titled, ''Digi Snacks'', which continues the further adventures of Bobby Digital. The album was released on June 24, 2008. The albums first single, "You Can't Stop Me Now", featuring Inspectah Deck, was released in March 2008 in preparation for a planned release in Summer 2008.

He has also stated that the long-delayed ''The Cure'' album will now be his final solo album, for he will end his career as MC and move on with his movie directing career. The album will feature deeper lyrics and guests ranging from Zack de la Rocha to Isaac Hayes.

Before signing with SRC Records in early 2007, RZA was flooded with offers from Bad Boy Records, Aftermath Records, Interscope and Def Jam among others for the Wu-Tang Clan super-group.

In 2007, he did the score of the Japanese anime ''Afro Samurai'' starring Samuel L. Jackson. He recently and quietly released an instrumental album entitled, ''The RZA-Instrumental Experience'', and worked with Raekwon on his highly anticipated ''Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II''. Talks are on between System of a Down bassist Shavo Odadjian and RZA regarding a collaboration between the two artists called Achozen. RZA has stated in an interview that he is involved in the project. A self-titled album, ''Achozen'', was set to be finished in mid-January 2009 but as of late 2010 had not yet been released. The first single that came about was "Dueces".

RZA announced on September 10, 2008 that a partnership with global digital music group The Orchard will market Wu's extensive catalogue worldwide in digital and physical formats. The deal includes new material and 13 previous Clan releases that have been unavailable digitally from the Wu-Tang Clan, Wu-Syndicate, Shyheim, U-God, Black Knights, and West Coast Killa Beez and others. Wu-Tang's viral marketing began as a study of promoting an artist online globally. RZA explained that the deal was a natural progression needed to make sure that fans will have continued access to Wu's catalogue in the ever-changing music industry. Also being launched is the online video channel Wu Music Tube, a forum focused on allowing the artists to speak directly with their fans. In the ensuing months, Wu’s music and video catalogue will also be featured by various brands and ad agencies in marketing and promotion programs around the world. Wu Music Group’s catalogue will be available worldwide for downloads on September 23. RZA told AllHipHop.com:

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He has also confirmed that he will be solely-producing ''Liquid Swords II'' with GZA, which was tentatively due in Fall 2010, but the status of the album has not been updated since the release date passed. RZA also worked with Kanye West on the latter's fifth album, ''My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy'', as well as Watch The Throne by Kanye and Jay-Z.

In a recent interview discussing the producer's new line of headphones, RZA revealed that he recently decided to clean out his beat machines of instrumentals he made for the Wu-Tang Clan that were never used; as a result, he has so far given away ten beats each to Nas, Busta Rhymes and Talib Kweli, as well as 20 beats for Kanye West, including the two that were used on the artist's most recent two albums.

Achozen

RZA has also formed a musical alliance with System of a Down's Shavo Odadjian, Kinetic 9 and the Reverend William Burke from Chicago for the band Achozen. Music from Achozen also appears on the major motion picture, ''Babylon A.D.'', on which Achozen song "Deuces" is heard blaring at the introduction of the film. The four principal members feel that their unique sound is not only spiritual in nature, but a new genre of "heavy hip hop", not "rap-metal". Achozen's first live show was at the Key Club in LA on December 1, 2006. On Friday, November 13, 2009 the second Achozen track "Salute/Sacrifice" was released exclusively as a free download on Odadjian's online art district and networking site, Ursession from the upcoming Achozen debut album. The Achozen album was anticipated to be released in mid-2010 but no firm release date had been scheduled by the end of 2010.

Various Wu-recording labels

Since the early 1990s, several 'various Wu recording labels' were established. The earlier labels are believed to be dissolved. The connection that RZA had to these labels were unknown.

Other record labels were later founded in the early 2000s, and are still active in the present. Very little is known about these labels, other that the fact that RZA produces music on them. It is unknown if RZA is CEO, or has high position within these labels, considering that he was never known to have a CEO position of any recording label.

Wu-Tang Records

Razor Sharp Records

36 Chambers Records and Wu Music Group

Wu-Tang International

Artistry

Production style and influence

He has stated that he uses "the sampler more like a painter's palette than a Xerox. Then again, I might use it as a Xerox if I find rare beats that nobody had in their crates yet". According to himself, RZA tries to have no more than 20 to 25% of the latter type of sampling on any given record, something starkly different from many other major hip hop groups. He played much of the piano himself, with Bill Evans and Thelonious Monk as major influences.

RZA has stated Ennio Morricone, Mark E. Smith, Syl Johnson, Marley Marl, Augustus Pablo and Danny Elfman as musicians he is fond of and has taken influence from. During the ''Enter the Wu-Tang'' period, RZA's production consisted mainly of stripped-down, frenetic piano loops and finger-snaps with heavy bass and drums, though he experimented with more melodic sounds on the album's "Method Man" and "C.R.E.A.M." He also began incorporating skits consisting of clips of old kung fu movies.

The next two solo albums from the Wu, Method Man's ''Tical'' and Ol' Dirty Bastard's ''Return to the 36 Chambers: The Dirty Version'', featured versions of the same style of production from the RZA; the former delved somewhat into old soul records and became somewhat bouncy rather than quite as gritty, while the latter was at times even more simplistic than the group's debut.

On Raekwon's ''Only Built 4 Cuban Linx'' and GZA's ''Liquid Swords'', RZA would immerse his beats in dark, sinister soul sampling, pioneering the technique of speeding up or slowing down samples to fit the beat. He also fully realized the potential of the skit, using samples from John Woo's film ''The Killer'' to string the ''Cuban Linx'' album together into a loose storyline.

In 1997, Icelandic avant-pop star Björk commissioned RZA a remix for her song "Bachelorette". In addition, RZA was later featured on a TV biography about Björk called Inside Björk.

RZA's production technique, specifically the manner of chopping up and/or speeding or slowing soul samples to fit his beats, has been picked up by currently popular producers — most notably Kanye West and Just Blaze, the two main producers behind Roc-A-Fella Records. West's own take on RZA's style briefly flooded the rap market with what was dubbed "chipmunk soul," the speeding of a vocal sample to where it sounded as though the singer had inhaled helium. Several producers at the time copied the style, creating other offshoots. West has admitted that his style was distinctly influenced by the RZA's production,

Said by Kanye West:

In response, RZA himself has spoken quite positively of the comparisons:

}}

Subsequent Wu group albums saw RZA become even more experimental, usually with soul samples as well as the layers added his beats. Around 1997 he began tutoring 4th Disciple, True Master and Mathematics in production. The early-mid 2000's have seen him move more toward smoother and more tightly-assembled productions, where the melody, drums, bass and other elements play more off each other than they previously had in his beats.

His Bobby Digital albums introduced tweaked-out new age elements to his sound; these have incorporated themselves more fully into his beats on newer albums such as Method Man's ''4:21... The Day After''.

}}

The Beatles song being covered is "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" for the album ''8 Diagrams''. It was titled "The Heart Gently Weeps" and features Erykah Badu, John Frusciante, Dhani Harrison, Ghostface Killah, Method Man and Raekwon.

In a recent 2010 radio interview with UK hip hop station Conspiracy Worldwide Radio, RZA spoke in great detail about the homemade, candid ethos of much of his classic work, including the organic creation process behind ODB's debut album.

Mentality and leadership

According to ''The Wu-Tang Manual'', at the group's inception, RZA started what he called the "5 Year Plan" in which he asked the other 8 members of the Clan for 5 years of life, hard work and good lyrics. He promised the members that if he had total control of the Wu-Tang empire, he would "take them to the top", and conquer the hip-hop world within a dynastic cycle. Afterwards, he would then relinquish his total control. He described this five year period "as a dictatorship". RZA's five year "dictatorship" was completed after the successful release of ''Wu-Tang Forever''.

As each of the group's members embarked on solo careers, RZA continued to produce nearly everything Wu-Tang released during the period 1994–1996. He was in control of producing composing, arranging, overseeing, directing, and possibly naming songs. He oversaw the creative process as well as devising song concepts and structure, in addition to being responsible for a recording’s final sound. All of this was the majority of his "dictatorship". He began doing this on a reduced extent around the time that he relinquished his dictatorship, thus taking complete control of fewer solo projects between group releases.

}}

He has stated in several interviews that the challenges of maintaining the group are not egos, but rather timing and scheduling due to the fact that the members have families and side projects.

He has shown little or no concern about illegal downloading, for he feels that it has little impact on the music industry:

}}

In several interviews, in response to the phrase "hip hop is dead", he said, "How can hip hop be dead if Wu-Tang is forever?" In regards of the southern dominance, rather than criticize the music, he instead spoke on the look and image of the southern artists themselves. He went on to say:

In the 1990s, the Wu-Tang Clan was one of the first hip hop acts to have a clothing line. However, throughout the following years to the 2000s, nearly every hip hop act has followed suit and created their own clothing line. In response, RZA spoke on his views on the oversaturation of the hip hop clothing market:

}}

Various names and aliases

RZA is known for having multiple aliases, for different lyrical styles and personalities: Prince Rakeem, The Abbot, Bobby Digital, Bobby Steels, the Scientist, Prince Delight, Prince Dynamite, Ruler Zig-Zag-Zig Allah. During his time with the Gravediggaz, he went by the name the Rzarector, which is for waking up the mentally dead.

Film career

Acting

In addition to working behind the scenes on movie scores, RZA has been active on-screen as well. He has made cameo appearances as himself in numerous major motion pictures throughout the course of his career such as ''Be Cool'', ''Scary Movie 3'', ''Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood''. RZA has also made various cameo appearances in the films ''Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai'' and ''Rhyme & Reason''.

His acting career began to rise in the mid 2000s alongside fellow Wu-Tang member and cousin GZA in one segment of Jim Jarmusch's ''Coffee and Cigarettes'' opposite Bill Murray. He and GZA have also made appearances on ''Chappelle's Show'' and Upright Citizens Brigade.

He followed up with a big role in the hit 2005 film ''Derailed''. The same year, he served as the Artist in Residence for the Los Angeles Film Festival.

Rza was also given the duties of producing the soundtrack to the Afro Samurai series and movie.

Originally, he was offered the role of "Brown" in ''The Departed'' (2006), but turned it down because of scheduling conflicts.

His biggest acting role to date, is in ''American Gangster'' by Ridley Scott, as "Moses Jones" whose real-life name is "Edward V. Jones."

He performed cameo roles in ''Funny People'', ''Gospel Hill'', and ''Life Is Hot in Cracktown''. He was also said to be attached to friend Quentin Tarantino's ''Kill Bill'' project in one way or another, featuring as a solo artist on the soundtrack to ''Kill Bill 1'' and selecting some other songs for the soundtrack too. In 2010, RZA appeared in the science fiction action film ''Repo Men''.

In 2010, he appeared in the comedy film ''Due Date'' alongside Robert Downey Jr. and Jamie Foxx, and directed by Todd Phillips.

RZA also appeared in the 2010 movie "The Next Three Days," starring Russell Crowe.

RZA appeared as a wrongly convicted felon in the pilot episode of NBC's ''Outlaw''.

RZA is set to appear in ''G.I. Joe: Retaliation'' as the character Blind Master.

RZA appeared in 2011's ''A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas'' and is set to appear as rapper Samurai Apocalypse on Showtimes' ''Californication''. He was recently cast in Quentin Tarantino's spaghetti-western film ''Django Unchained'', starring Jamie Foxx and Leonardo DiCaprio, slated for release Christmas 2012.

Directing

RZA directed and starred in an unreleased Bobby Digital movie, saying of it:

He was once asked about directing:

Directors Quentin Tarantino and Eli Roth are involved in the production of ''The Man with the Iron Fists'', according to several movie Web sites. In regards to the movie, Eli said:

He is also co-producing a movie remake of ''The Last Dragon'', with Samuel L. Jackson assuming the role of Sho'nuff. John Davis of Davis Entertainment and Gordy's son Kerry Gordy, along with RZA are set to produce. Penning the screenplay as well as producing is Dallas Jackson, who heads up the urban family label DJ Classicz with Davis. Rihanna is rumored to appear in the movie as Laura Charles.

Personal life

He was once affiliated with the Nation of Gods and Earths but has stated that he is no longer a member of any particular group. However, he usually wears the Five Percenter Universal Flag as a necklace, and still follows Five Percenter aspects, which include the Supreme Mathematics and the Supreme Alphabet. He also has taken on various aspects of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity as stated in his book ''The Wu-Tang Manual'' as well as Hinduism which he talks about thoroughly in ''The Tao of Wu'' in order to expand his spiritual growth. He has gone on to state that Qur'an, The Bible, and Lotus Sutra are three of his favorite books stating that each of the three contain enlightenment. One of his favorite hobbies consists of watching martial arts films, and he is considered to be an "encyclopedia of martial arts films", due to his vast knowledge of the genre. His second well-known hobby is chess, for he is a director of development, and champion of the Hip-Hop Chess Federation. He was once married, and believed to have children:

Along with a number of members in the Wu-Tang Clan, RZA is vegetarian.

Controversies

In 2000 the Village Voice ran a story about the FBI infiltrating the Wu-Tang Clan through a criminal-turned-informant named Michael Caruso, who got a job as the personal manager for Ghostface Killah and Cappadonna. Several other members of the group did not like Caruso, however his ties with Ghostface Killah and Cappadonna got him into the inner circles of the Wu. Due to Caruso's criminal past he was prohibited by law to associate with felons (which many members of the Clan are) or leave the state of New York, however these restrictions were lifted in return for providing information on the group. The federal government turned their head and allowed Caruso to tour around the country with Wu-Tang as long as he was kicking back info on their involvement in gunrunning and the Gambino crime family.

Caruso was subsequently fired from all duties regarding The Wu-Tang Clan's business when these allegations came to light. RZA forced Cappadonna to fire him as his manager, however Caruso still works with Ghostface and is on his new poker team. The report rules out the majority of Wu-Tang affiliated performers and focuses on those running the business aspect of the Wu empire, Oli "Power" Grant and Mitchell "Divine" Diggs (RZA's brother) and RZA himself.

Fox News reported that in mid-2007 RZA attended one of Hillary Clinton's parties and donated money to her 2008 campaign. Fox News criticized the fact that Clinton took money from RZA, claiming it was contradictory due to RZA's felony record, FBI investigation, ties to the Gambino family and his music lyrics. RZA referred to the investigation in one of his lyrics, "Plus, feds had one ad saying I gun traff' / I sold 20 million records bitch, some laugh."

In a recent interview with MTV he stated, in response to the beliefs that the group would dissolve:

Recently he was accused by several members that he mishandled money. While in the UK, when questioned by radio DJ Tim Westwood, concerning the group situation, RZA said, "It's really all good, it's just different directions... Everything is back peace already". RZA also rebutted claims that he owes group members any money. He yelled:

In a June 2008 interview with L.A. Record, RZA elaborated on the $20,000 bullet-proof suit, car and briefcase he mentions in the ''Wu-Tang Manual''.

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Discography

''Bobby Digital in Stereo'' (1998)

''Digital Bullet'' (2001)

''Birth of a Prince'' (2003)

''Digi Snacks'' (2008)

References

External links

RZA and Don Hyun

RZA at Beatbuggy

Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from New York City Category:African American rappers Category:American vegetarians Category:American writers Category:American hip hop record producers Category:Members of the Nation of Gods and Earths Category:Virgin Records artists Category:Epic Records artists Category:E1 Music artists Category:American film directors Category:American film actors Category:American screenwriters Category:Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:Rappers from New York City Category:People from Brooklyn Category:Wu-Tang Clan members Category:Horrorcore artists Category:Gravediggaz members

da:RZA de:Robert Diggs es:RZA fr:RZA gl:RZA ko:RZA hr:RZA it:RZA he:ריזה (ראפר) sw:RZA nl:RZA ja:RZA no:RZA pl:Robert Diggs pt:RZA ru:RZA simple:RZA sk:RZA sr:RZA sh:RZA fi:RZA sv:RZA tr:RZA uk:RZA

Coordinates

10°27′23″N64°10′3″N

name

Bobby Digital in Stereo | Type Album | Artist RZA as Bobby Digital | Cover Bobby Digital is Stereo.jpg | Released November 24, 1998 | Recorded 1997–1998 | Genre Hip hop | Length 67:57 | Label Gee Street/V2/BMG Records 63881-32521 | Producer RZAInspectah DeckKing Tech | Chronology RZA | Last album ''Ooh I Love You Rakeem''(1991) | This album ''RZA as Bobby Digital in Stereo''(1998) | Next album ''Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (soundtrack)''(1999) | Misc }}

''Bobby Digital in Stereo'' is the solo debut album by the American hip hop artist RZA, a member of Wu-Tang Clan. It was released on November 24, 1998, and was certified Gold on February 5, 1999, by the RIAA. It is a well-received experimental album that is based on a story featuring him rhyming as a hedonistic, fun-loving alter-ego named Bobby Digital and showcasing a unique keyboard-driven sound (rather than samples) that the RZA called digital orchestra, receiving mostly positive, though somewhat mixed, reviews.

Origin of Bobby Digital

Music

Lyrical content

On the pseudonym and character of Bobby Digital, which dominated the album's lyrics, RZA later stated:

Consequently, the album's lyrics are considerably more aggressive compared to the spiritual, self-reflective, socially aware lyrics that the RZA has been known to rhyme on Wu-Tang group albums.

Production

The sound of the album is largely keyboard-driven, but there are still samples. On the sound of ''Bobby Digital'', RZA stated:

Track listing

All songs produced by The RZA unless otherwise stated. # "Intro" – 0:37 # "B.O.B.B.Y." – 5:23 # "Unspoken Word" – 4:44 # "Slow-Grind African"– 1:02 # "Airwaves" – 1:47 # "Love Jones" – 4:31 #* Producer: King Tech #* Chorus: Angel Cake #* Contains samples from "Star Children" By Mighty Ryeders #* Contains an interpolation of "Love Jones" by Brighter Side of Darkness # "N.Y.C. Everything" – 4:17 #* First verse: RZA #* Second verse: Method Man # "Mantis" – 3:33 #* First verse: RZA #* Second verse: Masta Killa #* Chorus: Tekitha # "Slow-Grind French" – 0:53 # "Holocaust (Silkworm)" – 5:14 #* First verse: Holocaust #* Second verse: RZA #* Third verse: Doc Doom #* Fourth verse: Ghostface Killah #* Chorus:Ms. Roxy # "Terrorist" – 3:25 #* First verse : Dom Pachino/P.R. Terrorist #* Second verse: Doc Doom #* Third verse: Killa Sin #* Fourth verse (Japanese version only) : Holocaust # "Bobby Did It (Spanish Fly)" – 4:22 #* First verse : Islord #* Second verse: Timbo King #* Third verse: RZA #* Fourth verse : Ghostface Killah #* Fifth verse : Jamie Sommers # "Handwriting on the Wall" – 1:39 #* First verse : Ras Kass #* Second verse: RZA # "Kiss of a Black Widow" – 2:47 #* First & third verses : RZA #* Second verse: Ol' Dirty Bastard #* Producer: Inspectah Deck #* Contains samples from "Over" by Portishead # "Slow-Grind Italian" 1:01 # "My Lovin' Is Digi" – 4:26 #* Intro: The Force M.D.s #* Chorus: Ms. Roxy #* Contains samples from "I'm Glad You're Mine" By Al Green #* Contains samples from "It Ain't Easy" by Syl Johnson # "Domestic Violence" – 5:18 #* Female : Jamie Sommers #* Dude on Phone : U-God # "Project Talk" – 1:51 #* With : Kinetic 9 # "Lab Drunk" – 3:34 # "Fuck What You Think" – 3:10 #* First verse & chorus : RZA #* Second verse: Islord #* Third verse : 9th Prince # "Daily Routine" – 4:23 #* First verse & chorus : RZA #* Second verse: Kinetic 9

Japanese release bonus track:

"Do You Hear the Bells?"

Personnel

Barney Chase – Engineer, Mixing

Gabe Chiesa – Engineer

Tom Coyne – Mastering

Inspectah – Producer

King Tech – Producer, Engineer, Mixing

Nolan "Dr. No" Moffitte – Engineer, Mixing

Carl Nappa – Mixing

Tony Prendatt – Engineer, Mixing

RZA – Producer, Engineer, Mixing

Miles Showell – Mastering, Assembly

Artwork

The cover art is by noted comic book artist Bill Sienkiewicz.

References

External links

RZA as Bobby Digital "Holocaust (Silkworm)" Video

RZA "Domestic Violence" Video

RZA featuring Beretta 9 "Daily Routine" Video

Category:1998 albums Category:RZA albums Category:Albums produced by RZA Category:Gee Street Records albums Category:Concept albums Category:English-language albums

pl:Bobby Digital in Stereo sv:RZA as Bobby Digital in Stereo

Coordinates	10°27′23″N64°10′3″N
name	Craig Ferguson
birth date	May 17, 1962
birth place	Glasgow, Scotland
medium	Stand-up, television, film, music, books
nationality	Scottish, American
active	1980–present
genre	Observational comedy, satire/political satire/news satire
subject	Everyday life, popular culture, self-deprecation, politics
website	''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''
spouse	Anne Hogarth (1983–86) (divorced)Sascha Corwin (1998–2004) (divorced) 1 childMegan Wallace-Cunningham (2008–present) 1 child
notable work	Host of ''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''Nigel Wick on ''The Drew Carey Show''Glaswegian in ''One Foot in the Grave''Gobber in ''How to Train Your Dragon'' }}

Craig Ferguson (born 17 May 1962) is a Scottish American television host, stand-up comedian, writer, actor, director, author, and producer. He is the host of ''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson'', an Emmy Award-nominated, Peabody Award-winning late-night talk show that airs on CBS. In addition to hosting that program and performing stand-up comedy, Ferguson has written two books: ''Between the Bridge and the River'', a novel, and ''American on Purpose'', a memoir. He became a citizen of the United States in 2008.

Before his career as a late-night television host, Ferguson was best known in the United States for his role as the office boss, Nigel Wick, on ''The Drew Carey Show'' from 1996 to 2003. After that, he wrote and starred in three films, directing one of them.

Early life

Ferguson was born in the Stobhill Hospital in the Springburn district of Glasgow, Scotland to Robert and Janet Ferguson, and raised in nearby Cumbernauld, growing up "chubby and bullied". When he was six months old, he and his family moved from their Springburn apartment to a council house in Cumbernauld. They lived there as Glasgow was re-housing many people following damage to the city from World War II. Ferguson attended Muirfield Primary School and Cumbernauld High School. At age sixteen, Ferguson dropped out of Cumbernauld High School and began an apprenticeship to be an electronics technician at a local factory of American company Burroughs Corporation.

His first visit to the United States was as a teenager to visit an uncle who lived on Long Island, near New York City. When he moved to New York City in 1983, he worked in construction in Harlem. Ferguson later became a bouncer at a nightclub, Save the Robots.

Career

British career

Ferguson's experience in entertainment began as a drummer in a rock band called Exposure. He then joined a punk band called The Bastards from Hell. The band, later renamed "Dreamboys", and fronted by vocalist Peter Capaldi, performed regularly in Glasgow from 1980 to 1982. Ferguson credits Capaldi for inspiring him to try comedy.

After a nerve-wrecking, knee-knocking first appearance, he decided to create a character that was a "parody of all the über-patriotic native folk singers who seemed to infect every public performance in Scotland." The character, "Bing Hitler" (actually coined by Capaldi as Ferguson started with the monogram of "Nico Fulton" but admittedly later stole the name for his "own nefarious ends"), premiered in Glasgow, and subsequently became a hit at the 1986 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. A recording of his stage act as Bing Hitler was made at Glasgow's Tron Theatre and released in the 1980s; a Bing Hitler monologue ("A Lecture for Burns Night") appears on the compilation cassette ''Honey at the Core.''

Ferguson's first television appearance was as Confidence on BBC sitcom ''Red Dwarf'' during the episode "Confidence and Paranoia".

Ferguson made his starring television debut in ''The Craig Ferguson Show'', a one-off comedy pilot for Granada Television, which co-starred Paul Whitehouse and Helen Atkinson-Wood. This was broadcast throughout the UK on 4 March 1990, but was not made into a full series.

He has also found success in musical theatre. Beginning in 1991, he appeared on stage as Brad Majors in the London production of ''The Rocky Horror Show'', alongside Anthony Head, who was playing Dr. Frank-N-Furter at the time. In 1994, Ferguson played Father MacLean in the highly controversial production of ''Bad Boy Johnny and the Prophets of Doom'' at the Union Chapel in London. The same year, he appeared again at the Edinburgh Fringe, as Oscar Madison in ''The Odd Couple'', opposite Gerard Kelly as Felix and Kate Anthony as Gwendolin Pidgeon, who is now much better known as Aunty Pam in ''Coronation Street''; the play, which was relocated to 1990s Glasgow, later toured Scotland.

After enjoying success at the Edinburgh Festival, Ferguson appeared on ''Red Dwarf'', STV's ''Hogmanay Show'', his own show ''2000 Not Out'', and the 1993 ''One Foot in the Grave'' Christmas special ''One Foot in the Algarve.''

In 1993, Ferguson presented his own series on Scottish archaeology for Scottish Television entitled ''Dirt Detective.'' He travelled throughout the country examining archaeological history, including Skara Brae and Paisley Abbey.

U.S. career

After cancellation of his show ''The Ferguson Theory'', Ferguson moved to Los Angeles in 1994. His first U.S. role was as baker Logan McDonough on the short-lived 1995 ABC comedy ''Maybe This Time'', which starred Betty White and Marie Osmond.

His breakthrough in the U.S. came when he was cast on ''The Drew Carey Show'' as the title character's boss, Mr. Wick, a role that he played from 1996 to 2003. He played the role with an over-the-top posh English accent "to make up for generations of English actors doing crap Scottish accents." In his comedy special "A Wee Bit O' Revolution", he specifically called out James Doohan's portrayal of Montgomery Scott on Star Trek as the foundation of his "revenge". (At the end of one episode, though, Ferguson broke the fourth wall and began talking to the audience at home in his regular Scottish accent.) His character was memorable for his unique methods of laying employees off, almost always "firing Johnson", the most common last name of the to-be-fired workers. Even after leaving the show in 2003, he remained a recurring character on the series for the last two seasons, and was part of the 2-part series finale in 2004.

During production of ''The Drew Carey Show'', Ferguson devoted his off-time as a cast member to writing, working in his trailer on set in-between shooting his scenes. He wrote and starred in three films: ''The Big Tease'', ''Saving Grace'', and ''I'll Be There'', which he also directed and for which he won the Audience Award for Best Film at the Aspen, Dallas and Valencia film festivals. He was named Best New Director at the Napa Valley Film Festival. These were among other scripts that, "... in the great tradition of the movie business, about half a dozen that I got paid a fortune for but never got made." His other acting credits in films include ''Niagara Motel'', ''Lenny the Wonder Dog'', ''Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events'', ''Chain of Fools'', ''Born Romantic'', ''The Ugly Truth'', ''How to Train Your Dragon'', ''Kick-Ass'' and ''Winnie the Pooh''.

Ferguson has been touring the United States and Canada with a stand-up comedy show, and performed at Carnegie Hall on 23 October 2010.

''The Late Late Show''

In December 2004, it was announced that Ferguson would be the successor to Craig Kilborn on CBS's ''The Late Late Show''. His first show as the regular host aired on 3 January 2005. By May 2008, Ben Alba, an American television historian and an authority on U.S. talk shows, said Ferguson "has already made his mark, taking the TV monologue to new levels with an underlying story. But he is only just starting ... He is making up his own rules: It's the immigrant experience."

''The Late Late Show'' averaged 2.0 million viewers in its 2007 season, compared with 2.5 million for ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien''. In April 2008, ''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson'' beat ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'' for weekly ratings (1.88 million to 1.77 million) for the first time since the two shows went head-to-head with their respective hosts.

By the end of 2009, Craig Ferguson topped Jimmy Fallon in the ratings with Ferguson getting a 1.8 rating/6 share and Fallon receiving a 1.6 rating/6 share.

Ferguson's success on the show has led at least one "television insider" to say he is the heir apparent to take over David Letterman's role as host of ''The Late Show''.

Television and appearances

Craig Ferguson has made guest appearances on ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno'', ''Late Show with David Letterman'', ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'', ''Rachael Ray'', ''Countdown with Keith Olbermann'', ''The Howard Stern Show'', ''The Daily Show'', ''The View'', ''Loveline'', ''Real Time with Bill Maher'', ''The Soup'', ''The Talk'' and ''The Dennis Miller Show''. He also co-hosted ''Live with Regis & Kelly'' with Kelly Ripa.

On 4 January 2009 Ferguson was a celebrity player on ''Million Dollar Password''.

thumb|272px|Ferguson in April 2008

In 2009, Ferguson made a cameo live-action appearance in the episode "We Love You, Conrad" on ''Family Guy''. Ferguson hosted the 32nd annual People's Choice Awards on 10 January 2006. ''TV Guide'' magazine printed a "Cheers" (Cheers and Jeers section) for appearing on his own show that same evening. From 2007 to 2010, Ferguson hosted the Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular on 4 July, broadcast nationally by CBS. Ferguson was the featured entertainer at the 26 April 2008 White House Correspondents' Association dinner in Washington, DC.

Ferguson co-presented the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama with Brooke Shields in 2008. He has done voice work in cartoons, including being the voice of Barry's evil alter-ego in the "With Friends Like Steve's" episode of ''American Dad''; in ''Freakazoid!'' as Roddy MacStew, Freakazoid's mentor; and on ''Buzz Lightyear of Star Command'' as the robot vampire NOS-4-A2. Most recently, he was the voice of Susan the boil on ''Futurama'', which was a parody of Scottish singer Susan Boyle. He makes stand-up appearances in Las Vegas and New York City. He headlined in the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal and in October 2008 Ferguson taped his stand up show in Boston for a Comedy Central special entitled ''A Wee Bit o' Revolution'', which aired on 22 March 2009.

British television comedy drama ''Doc Martin'' was based on a character from Ferguson's film ''Saving Grace'' – with Ferguson getting writing credits for 12 episodes. On 6 November 2009 Ferguson appeared as himself in a ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' special titled ''SpongeBob's Truth or Square''. He hosted Discovery Channel's 23rd season of ''Shark Week'' in 2010. Ferguson briefly appeared in Toby Keith's ''"Red Solo Cup"'' music video released on 10 October 2011.

Literature

Ferguson's novel ''Between the Bridge and the River'' (ISBN 9780811853750) was published on 10 April 2006. Ferguson appeared at the Los Angeles Festival of Books, as well as other author literary events. "This book could scare them", Ferguson said. "The sex, the violence, the dream sequences and the iconoclasm. I think a lot of people are uncomfortable with that. I understand that. It was very uncomfortable to write some of it." ''Publishers Weekly'' called it "a ''tour de force'' of cynical humor and poignant reverie, a caustic yet ebullient picaresque that approaches the sacred by way of the profane." His novel ''Between the Bridge and the River'' is dedicated to his son and to his grandfather, Adam. Ferguson revealed in an interview that he is writing a sequel to the book, to be titled "The Sphynx of the Mississippi". He also stated in a 2006 interview with David Letterman that he intends for the book to be the first in a trilogy.

Ferguson signed a deal with HarperCollins to publish his memoirs. The book, entitled ''American on Purpose: The Improbable Adventures of an Unlikely Patriot'', focuses on "how and why [he] became an American" and covers his years as a punk rocker, dancer, bouncer and construction worker as well as the rise of his career in Hollywood as an actor and comic. It went on sale 22 September 2009 in the United States. On 1 December 2010 the audiobook version was nominated for a Best Spoken Word Album Grammy.

In July 2009, Jackie Collins was a guest on ''The Late Late Show'' to promote her new book ''Married Lovers''. Collins said that a character in her book, Don Verona, was based on Ferguson because she was such a fan of him and his show.

Personal life

As mentioned on ''The Late Late Show'' on 3 August 2009, Ferguson holds an FAA Private Pilot's License issued 31 July 2009. Ferguson announced on the 8 April 2011 broadcast that he is pursuing an instrument rating.

Ferguson is also a fan of Scottish football team Partick Thistle F.C. as well as the British television show Doctor Who.

Ferguson has three tattoos: his latest, the Join, or Die political cartoon on his right forearm; a Ferguson family crest with the Latin motto ''Dulcius ex asperis'' ("Sweeter out of [or from] difficulty") on his upper right arm in honour of his father; and the Ingram family crest on his upper left arm in honour of his mother. He has often stated that his ''Join, or Die'' tattoo is to signal his patriotism.

Family

In an episode of ''The Late Late Show'' that aired 8 December 2008, a sombre Ferguson talked about his mother, Janet (3 August 1933 – 1 December 2008). He ended the program by playing her favourite song, "Rivers of Babylon" by Boney M.

Ferguson has two sisters (one older and one younger) and one older brother. His elder sister's name is Janice and his brother's name is Scott. His younger sister, Lynn Ferguson Tweddle, is also a successful comedienne, presenter, and actress, perhaps most widely known as the voice of Mac in the 2000 stop-motion animation film ''Chicken Run''. She is currently a writer on ''The Late Late Show''.

Ferguson has married three times and divorced twice as a result of what he describes as "relationship issues". His first marriage was to Anne Hogarth from 1983 to 1986, during which time they lived in New York. From his second marriage (to Sascha Corwin, founder and proprietor of Los Angeles' SpySchool), he has one son, Milo Hamish Ferguson, born in 2001. He and Corwin share custody of Milo, and live near each other in Los Angeles. On 21 December 2008, Ferguson married art dealer Megan Wallace-Cunningham in a private ceremony on her family's farm in Chester, Vermont. Ferguson announced 14 July 2010 on Twitter that they were expecting a child. He wrote: "Holy crackers! Mrs F is pregnant. How did that happen? ... oh yeah I know how. Another Ferguson arrives in 2011. The world trembles." The child, a boy named Liam James, was born 31 January 2011.

Alcohol problems

A recovering alcoholic, Ferguson has been sober since 18 February 1992. Because of this, he declared he wouldn't mock Britney Spears' much-publicized alcohol problems in 2007. He said he had considered committing suicide on Christmas Day 1991, but when offered a drink by a friend for celebrating the holiday, he was distracted from jumping off Tower Bridge in London as he had planned.

Citizenship

Holding dual citizenship, Ferguson is both a naturalized citizen of the United States and a British citizen.

During 2007, Ferguson, who at the time held only British citizenship, used ''The Late Late Show'' as a forum for seeking honorary citizenship from every state in the U.S. He has received honorary citizenship from Nebraska, Arkansas, Virginia, Montana, North Dakota, New Jersey, Tennessee, South Carolina, South Dakota, Nevada, Alaska, Texas, Wyoming, Pennsylvania and Indiana, and was "commissioned" as an admiral in the tongue-in-cheek Nebraska Navy. Governors Jon Corzine (New Jersey), John Hoeven (North Dakota), Mark Sanford (South Carolina), Mike Rounds (South Dakota), Rick Perry (Texas), Sarah Palin (Alaska) and Jim Gibbons (Nevada) sent letters to him that made him an honorary citizen of their respective states. He received similar honors from various towns and cities, including Ozark, Arkansas; Hazard, Kentucky; and Greensburg, Pennsylvania.

Ferguson became an American citizen on 1 February 2008 and broadcast the taking of his citizenship test as well as his swearing in on ''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''.

Filmography

+ Film
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1992	''The Bogie Man''
1998	''Modern Vampires''	Richard
1999	''The Big Tease''	Crawford Mackenzie	Writer
2000		Melander Stevens
2000	''Born Romantic''	Frankie
2000		Matthew Stewart	Writer
2002	''Life Without Dick''	Jared O'Reilly
2002	''Prendimi l'anima'' (''The Soul Keeper'')	Richard Fraser
2003		Paul Kerr	Director, Writer
2004	''Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events''	Person of Indeterminate Gender
2004	''Lenny the Wonder Dog''	Dr. Wagner
2005		Fisherman
2006	''Niagara Motel''	Phillie
2007		Ted Truman
2008	''Craig Ferguson: A Wee Bit O' Revolution''
2009		Himself
2010	''The Hero of Color City''
2010		Gobber	Voice only
2010		Himself
2011			Voice only
2011	''Totally Framed''	Jeffrey Stewart
2012		Lord Macintosh	Voice only
2012		David	Post-production
2014	''How to Train Your Dragon 2''	Gobber	Voice only

+Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1988	''Red Dwarf''	Confidence
1989	''The Big Gig''	Himself	Regular Comic
1993	''One Foot in the Grave''	Glaswegian beach bully	Christmas Special "One foot in the Algarve"
1994	''The Dirt Detective: A History of Scotland''	Travel documentary series	Host
1994	''The Ferguson Theory''	Himself	Host
1995–1996	''Maybe This Time''	Logan McDonough	18 episodes
1995–1997	''Freakazoid!''	Roddy MacStew	7 episodes
1996–2004	''The Drew Carey Show''	Nigel Wick	170 episodes
2000	''Buzz Lightyear of Star Command''	NOS 4 A2	Voice only, 5 episodes
2005		Oliver Davies	1 episode
2005–present	''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''	Himself	Host
2006	''American Dad!''	Evil Barry	Voice only, Episode: ''With Friends Like Steve's''
2009	''Family Guy''	Himself	Episode: ''We Love You, Conrad''
2009	''SpongeBob's Truth or Square''	Himself	TV movie
2010	''Futurama''	Susan Boil	Episode: ''Attack of the Killer App''
2010	''Shark Week''	Himself	Host
2010	''Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon''	Gobber	Voice only, TV short film

Bibliography

''Between the Bridge and the River''. Chronicle Books, 2006. ISBN 0811853756, ISBN 0811858197.

''American on Purpose: The Improbable Adventures of an Unlikely Patriot''. HarperCollins, 2009. ISBN 0061719544.

Comedy specials

''A Wee Bit o' Revolution'' (Comedy Central) 2009

''Does This Need to Be Said?'' (EPIX, Comedy Central) 2011

Discography

''Live At The Tron'' (as Bing Hitler). Jammy Records, 1986. Catalogue number JRLP 861.

References

External links

Craig Ferguson on Twitter

Craig Ferguson Interview on The Hour with George Stroumboulopoulos

Craig Ferguson and Megan Wallace Cunningham

''The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson''

Category:1962 births Category:American aviators Category:American comedians Category:American film actors Category:American memoirists Category:American novelists Category:American people of Scottish descent Category:American screenwriters Category:American television actors Category:American television talk show hosts Category:American voice actors Category:Living people Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:People from Glasgow Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:People with nocturnal enuresis Category:Scottish comedians Category:Scottish emigrants to the United States Category:Scottish memoirists Category:Scottish novelists Category:Scottish screenwriters Category:Scottish television actors Category:People from Cumbernauld Category:Actors from New York City Category:Actors from Los Angeles, California

de:Craig Ferguson es:Craig Ferguson fr:Craig Ferguson it:Craig Ferguson ja:クレイグ・ファーガソン no:Craig Ferguson pl:Craig Ferguson ru:Фергюсон, Крейг simple:Craig Ferguson fi:Craig Ferguson sv:Craig Ferguson zh:克雷格·费格斯

Coordinates	10°27′23″N64°10′3″N
Name	Tech N9ne
Birth name	Aaron Dontez Yates
Birth date	November 08, 1971
Origin	Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	Rapper, Actor, Label vice president
Years active	1985–present
Associated acts	Krizz Kaliko, Brotha Lynch Hung, Psychopathic Records, Hopsin, Kutt Calhoun, Big Scoob, Ceza
Label	Strange Music
Website	TheRealTechN9ne.com
Background	solo_singer }}

Aaron Dontez Yates (born November 8, 1971), better known by his stage name Tech N9ne (pronounced "Tech Nine"), is an American rapper from Kansas City, Missouri. In 1999, Yates and Travis O'Guin founded the record label Strange Music. Throughout his career, Yates has sold over one million albums and has had his music featured in film, television, and video games. In 2009, he won the Left Field Woodie award at the mtvU Woodie Awards.

His stage name originated from the TEC-9 semi-automatic handgun, given to him by rapper Black Walt due to his fast rhyming style. Yates later applied a deeper meaning to the name, claiming that it stands for the complete technique of rhyme, with 'tech' meaning technique and 'nine' representing the number of completion.

Early life

Tech N9ne was born Aaron Dontez Yates on November 8, 1971 in Independence, Missouri. He began rapping at a very early age, and would rap the letters of his name in order to remember how to spell it. Interaction with his father was infrequent, and his mother suffered from epilepsy and lupus when he was a child, which deeply affected him and inspired him to "search for God." He would wander around abandoned buildings with his best friend, Brian Dennis, hoping to catch a ghost on film. In 2002, Dennis was shot and killed by his girlfriend's ex-boyfriend, which further inspired Yates' search for a higher power, as well as giving him the drive to vent his frustrations in his music.

Career

Early in his life, Yates was a member of a group formed in 1991 called Black Mafia. He saw glimpses of success in the group 57th Street Rogue Dog with their single "Let's Get Fucked Up." As a member of the group Nnutthowze, Aaron Yates signed with Perspective Records in 1993. However, the group disbanded soon after being released from the label. Yates signed with Qwest Records briefly before moving to JCOR Records.

In 1997, Yates joined the group The Regime formed by rapper Yukmouth. The following year, he was featured on the soundtrack for the film Gang Related. Yates appeared on the song "The Anthem" by Sway & King Tech in 1999, which also featured artists RZA, Eminem, Xzibit, Pharoahe Monch, Jayo Felony, Chino XL, KRS-One, and Kool G. Rap. Later that year, he and Travis O'Guin founded the record label Strange Music.

In 2001, Yates released the studio album ''Anghellic'' on JCOR Records. Tech Nine did not get much Radio play or get featured on any show now that he was with Strange Music. Now that he was doing his own thing and not others. People looked at him in a different way. People (Mainstream) were convinced that Tech Nine was a Devil Worshiper and his Music was a form of Witch Music. After the label closed, Yates decided to stay on his own Strange Music label. The next year, he released ''Absolute Power'' which debuted number 79 on the Billboard 200Absolute Power sales increased 3 times after Tech Nine starterd the FTI Campaine. In this Campaine Tech Nine not only told people to Download his music but provided a website to Download his new Album. . In 2006, Yates released the album ''Everready (The Religion)''. The following year, he released ''Misery Loves Kompany''. Yates announced that the album was the first in a series of "Tech N9ne Collabos" albums that feature a wide range of guest appearances.

The following year, Yates released the album ''Killer''. That September, he exceeded one million album sales. Yates remarked of the accomplishment that, "It just reminded me of all the work we done in the past, up until now [...] I don't think it's sunken in yet. I've been celebrating for the last two days because that's a hell of an accomplishment. I've been planning success all my life. I'm not even a bit surprised, I'm happy about it. That just means I was right." Yates released his second Collabos album, ''Sickology 101'', in April 2009.

Yates later performed at the Rock The Bells 2009 Festival and the tenth annual Gathering of the Juggalos. That October, he released ''K.O.D.'', short for King of Darkness. The album featured a dark overtone, as Yates was dealing with the illness of his mother. An EP of cut songs from the album was released in 2010 as ''The Lost Scripts of K.O.D.'' Later that year, Yates released his third Collabos album, ''The Gates Mixed Plate''. In October, he released his second EP ''Seepage''. On December 23, he released his first mixtape ''Bad Season''.

On June 7, 2011 Yates released his most recent album ''All 6's And 7's''. The album features a myriad of prominent hip-hop artist including B.o.B, E-40, Snoop Dogg, T-Pain, Mint Condition, Hopsin, Busta Rhymes, Twista, Lil Wayne, Yelawolf, and Deftones.

In 2011, Yates told 411mania.com that after ''All 6's And 7's'' he plans on releasing his fourth album in the Collabos series titled ''Welcome to Strangeland'', featuring guest appearances from everyone on Strange Music, followed by the long awaited K.A.B.O.S.H. and 816 Boyz albums. Then, in July 2011, Yates said in a blog post that Rick Ross has agreed to do a song with him for the K.A.B.O.S.H. album and that he is also hoping to have a collaboration with Jay-Z on that album. In the same blog post, he said that the K.A.B.O.S.H. album will be a rock album. In another blog post several weeks later, he confirmed that he will begin work on the album after completing ''Welcome to Strangeland''. Following his tour, he announced that he was about to begin work on ''Welcome to Strangeland'' and ''KLUSTERFUK'', confirming producers for both projects. He said he will then begin work on the K.A.B.O.S.H. album.

Tech N9ne is featured on Lil Wayne's ninth studio album ''Tha Carter IV'' on the song Interlude. The track features a verse from Tech and Andre 3000. During a radio interview with Funkmaster Flex in August 2010, Wayne stated that he and Tech N9ne formed a "brotherhood" when Yates visited him in jail. In a later interview, Tech N9ne claimed that he thinks the song will "awaken a lot of other people that wouldn't usually look [his] way" and "teach all the new fans how to become technicians."

Style and influences

Yates is known for his dynamic rhyme schemes and speed rap abilities. Soren Baker of VH1 states that Yates' techniques "showcase his wide-ranging, mind-blowing flows." Baker characterizes Yates' earlier work as "apocalyptic music, which discussed abortion and infidelity as much as his rapping prowess." Allmusic reviewer Jason Birchmeier calls his style "bizarre hardcore rap."

Yates says that he is influenced by Old school hip hop, and specifically cites Slick Rick, N.W.A, Public Enemy, Boogie Down Productions, Eric B. & Rakim, Schoolly D, and Just-Ice. He is also interested in other genres of music, and lists The Doors, Jim Morrison, Led Zeppelin, Elton John, AC/DC, Metallica, Floetry, Outkast, Cee Lo Green, and Gnarls Barkley as influences.

In popular culture

Films

Yates' songs have appeared in the films ''Gang Related'', ''Alpha Dog'', ''Our Heroes: The 25 Best Black Sports Movies (Ever)'', and ''The Life of Lucky Cucumber''. Yates was originally set to score the entire film ''Alpha Dog'', but the studio decided to replace some of his music with more commercially known songs. In 2009, his song "Let's Go" was used in an online promotional short film for AXE body spray. Yates also appears as an actor in the films ''Vengeance'' and ''Night of the Living Dead: Origins 3D''.

Video games

Several of Yates' songs are featured in the video games ''Madden NFL 2006'', ''Midnight Club: Los Angeles'',''EA Sports MMA'', and ''25 To Life'', the latter of which Yates is also an unlockable character. In 2009, Yates and label mate Krizz Kaliko appeared in a promotional video for the ''Fight Night Round 4'' video game.

Television

Yates' music has appeared on the television shows ''Dark Angel'', ''I'm From Rolling Stone'', ''My Super Sweet 16'', ''The Hills'', ''Spike Guys' Choice Awards'', and ''Warren The Ape''. In 2008, his song "Earthquake" was featured on an episode of MTV's ''America's Best Dance Crew'' in which the crew had to visually convey the title of the song in their performance. On the August 15, 2009 Strikeforce event, Strikeforce: Carano vs. Cyborg, MMA fighter Gilbert Melendez entered the arena to Tech N9ne's 2006 song "The Beast" for his bout with Mitsuhiro Ishida. His song "Riot Maker" was used as the official theme song for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's 2010 ''Hardcore Justice'' pay-per-view.

Discography

Studio albums

1999: ''The Calm Before the Storm''

2000: ''The Worst''

2001: ''Anghellic''

2002: ''Absolute Power''

2003: ''Celcius''

2006: ''Everready (The Religion)''

2007: ''Misery Loves Kompany (Tech N9ne Collabos)''

2008: ''Killer''

2009: ''Sickology 101 (Tech N9ne Collabos)''

2009: ''K.O.D.''

2010: ''The Gates Mixed Plate (Tech N9ne Collabos)''

2011: ''All 6's and 7's

TBA: ''Welcome to Strangeland (Tech N9ne Collabos)''

;with K.A.B.O.S.H. TBA: ''Amafrican Psycho''

EPs

2010: ''The Lost Scripts of K.O.D.''

2010: ''Seepage''

2011: ''KLUSTERFUK''

Mixtapes

2010: ''Bad Season'' with DJ Whoo Kid and DJ Scream

Selected filmography

2003: ''Beef''

2003: ''Das Bus''

2004: ''T9X: The Tech N9ne Experience''

2004: ''United Ghettos of America Vol. 2''

2005: ''Hip Hop Nation Vol. 1''

2005: ''Letter to the President''

2006: ''Alpha Dog'' 2008: ''The Psychumentary''

2009: ''The Life of Lucky Cucumber''

2009: ''Strictly Strange''

2010: ''K.O.D. Tour (Live in Kansas City)''

2010: ''Vengeance''

2011: ''Night of the Living Dead: Origins 3D'' 2011: ''EuroTech Tour''

:''Selected filmography'' notes :1. Tech N9ne does not physically appear, but he did have a helping hand in scoring the movie, this includes the placement of several of his songs in the films score as well as the appearance of a song from fellow label mates Skatterman & Snug Brim.

Awards and nominations

mtvU Woodie Awards

!Year	!Nominated work	!Award	!Result
2009	Tech N9ne	Left Field Woodie

References

External links

Official website

Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:People from Kansas City, Missouri Category:African American rappers Category:Horrorcore artists Category:Rappers from Missouri Category:Underground rappers

da:Tech N9ne de:Tech N9ne el:Tech N9ne fr:Tech N9ne it:Tech N9ne hu:Tech N9ne nl:Tech N9ne ja:テック・ナイン no:Tech N9ne pl:Tech N9ne ru:Tech N9ne simple:Tech N9ne fi:Tech N9ne tr:Tech N9ne

Coordinates	10°27′23″N64°10′3″N
Name	Pharoahe Monch
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Troy Donald Jamerson
Birth date	October 31, 1972
Origin	South Jamaica, Queens, New York, USA
Genre	East Coast hip hop, alternative hip hop
Years active	1989–present
Label	Hollywood/Priority RecordsRawkus/SRC RecordsDuck Down Records/W.A.R. Media, LLC
Associated acts	Organized Konfusion, Hilltop Hoods, Busta Rhymes, Adam F, Shabaam Sahdeeq, The HRSMN, Talib Kweli, Common, Mos Def, Kanye West, Erykah Badu, Mr. Porter, Styles P, Nate Dogg, Showtyme, Royce da 5'9" }}

Troy Donald Jamerson (born October 31, 1972), better known by his stage name Pharoahe Monch is an African-American rapper. He is known for his complex lyrics, complex delivery, and internal and multisyllabic rhyme schemes.

Biography

Pharoahe Monch's name is derived from the monkey doll Monchhichi. After receiving a bad haircut, which left Monch looking like a "chimpanzee", girls in Monch's class at the High School of Art and Design began calling him "Monchhichi", which was later shortened to "Monch". Monch adopted the "Pharoahe" prefix after meeting future Organized Konfusion partner Prince Po.

Monch released three albums as part of the rap duo Organized Konfusion with partner Prince Poetry: The self-titled ''Organized Konfusion'', ''Stress: The Extinction Agenda'' and ''The Equinox''. The duo handled a large amount of production on these albums themselves. All albums received positive critical reviews, but moderate sales. As a result, the duo split up after recording their final album ''The Equinox'' in 1997. Prince Poetry has since denied the possibility of an Organized Konfusion reunion.

Pharoahe Monch then signed to Rawkus Records, an indie label. After making several guest appearances on albums like the best-selling Rawkus compilation ''Soundbombing II'', Monch's much-hyped debut, ''Internal Affairs'' was released in 1999. The first single of the album, "Simon Says", became a hit single, peaking at #97 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was also featured in the 2000 cinematic releases ''Charlie's Angels'' and ''Boiler Room''. Despite its success, the song caused controversy when Monch was later sued for the song's use of a sample from Akira Ifukube's ''Gojira Tai Mosura'' for the hook. The uncleared sample use caused a halting in his album's distribution.

After ''Internal Affairs'' and the controversy from his hit song Pharoahe would not release another solo project for several years. He did still make some songs and guest appearances however. In 2000 he featured with Mos Def and Nate Dogg on the hit song "Oh No" from the Rawkus compilation record ''Lyricist Lounge 2''. He contributed the song "Fuck You" to the ''Training Day'' soundtrack in 2001, and rapped the theme song to Madden NFL 2002. In 2003 Pharoahe released his final single through Rawkus Records, "Agent Orange", a war inspired song which revisited the 1991 Organized Konfusion track "Releasing Hypnotical Gases".

Pharoahe is also affiliated with the rap group The HRSMN. Although not a member of the group (there are only four real members), he is constantly linked to someday join the group when/if they ever expand.

There were rumors his next album, at first tentatively titled ''Innervisions'', was to be released under Denaun Porter's new Shady Records imprint Runyon Ave., but apparently the deal fell through; Monch later announced a deal with Street Records Corporation, home of Wu-Tang Clan, David Banner and Terror Squad. In June 2007 Monch released his second solo album ''Desire'' to critical acclaim. Monch said about the album; "...it's very soulful, very gospel, a fresh, new sound for me." The album's lead single was the self-produced track "Push", with "Let's Go" as its B-Side. The song's music video and single were released in late September 2006. Pharoahe Monch released a second music video entitled "When the Gun Draws" at a Brooklyn music festival in February, 2007. The track was inspired by a song he did with Prince Po entitled "Stray Bullet" which was featured on the ''Stress: The Extinction Agenda'' album. A final video was made for the title track "Desire" in late 2007. It was directed by New Zealand director Andy Morton and shot on the Rock the Bells tour with full band. The video features both MeLa Machinko and of course, a huge performance from Showtyme.

Monch also produced and ghost-wrote the track "The Future" and ghost-wrote the track "Hold Up" with Mobb Deep member Havoc on rap mogul Diddy's latest album ''Press Play''. Critics contest that Monch's writing is evident in both the content and the delivery of Diddy's rhymes.

On July 9, 2010, Pharoahe Monch allowed hip hop website hiphopdx.com to leak a song from his forthcoming album ''W.A.R. (We Are Renegades)''. The song was called "Shine" and featured vocals by MeLa Machinko and was also produced by Diamond D. On February 14, 2010, another song from Monch was leaked, which is called "Clap (One Day)", produced by M-Phazes.

Pharoahe Monch released his third solo album ''W.A.R. (We Are Renegades)'' in March 2011. It featured guest appearances from Jill Scott, Styles P, Citizen Cope, Jean Grae, Royce da 5'9", Immortal Technique, Vernon Reid, Phonte, Mr. Porter, Mela Machinko, Showtyme & DJ Boogie Blind. Pharoahe revealed that the album is a "throwback to 1993, '94 hip-hop" and featured production by Exile, Marco Polo, M-Phazes, Fatin, Diamond D, Mike Loe, Samiyam, Adam Deitch, Eric Krasno and Pharoahe Monch himself. Four singles have been released from the album: "Shine", "Clap (One Day)", "Black Hand Side", and "Assassins". A ten year anniversary re-issue of ''Internal Affairs'' will also be released featuring a documentary about the making of the album.

In 2011, Pharoahe Monch was a judge on the Ultimate MC TV show alongside with Royce da 5'9", Sean Price, Planet Asia, and Organik.

Rapping technique

Pharoahe Monch is acclaimed for his complex rapping technique - Allmusic says he has, "a reputation as one of underground hip hop's pre-eminent lyricists, crafting intricate and intelligent raps." Kool Moe Dee ranks him at 26 in his best MCs of all time list, from his book, ''There's a God on the Mic''. Kool Moe Dee notes: "Pharoahe Monch is like an eloquent linguistics professor moonlighting as a rhyme serial killer terrorist, challenging the listeners' I.Q. while daring him or her to keep up."

Monch compares writing and recording his lyrics to writing and filming a movie - in the book ''How to Rap'' he says he will 'punch-in' vocals so he can "retake some things, just like a film", and he 'rewrites' lyrics, saying he will "go back as a screenwriter and rewrite scenes and leave more to the imagination."

For his biggest hit, "Simon Says", he comments that he wrote the choruses before he wrote the verses, and fellow rapper and collaborator O.C. notes that Monch will write single lines down and then use them five years later. His vocal delivery is inspired by Jazz music and musicians such as John Coltrane.

Discography

Group albums

With Organized Konfusion:

Album information
align="left"	*Released: October 29, 1991	*Certification: None	Hollywood Records>Hollywood Basic Records	*Singles: "Who Stole My Last Piece of Chicken?"/"The Rough Side of Town", "Fudge Pudge"/"Walk Into the Sun"
	*Released: August 16, 1994	*Certification: None	*Label: Hollywood Basic	*Singles: "Stress"/"Keep It Koming", "Bring It On"
align="left"	*Released: September 23, 1997	*Certification: None	Priority Records>Priority	*Singles: "Somehow, Someway"/"Soundman"/"Numbers"/"9x's out of 10"

Solo albums

Album information
align="left"	*Released: October 19, 1999	*Billboard 200 chart position: #41	*R&B;/Hip-Hop chart position: #6	*Singles: "Simon Says"/"Behind Closed Doors", "The Light"/"Right Here (Remix)"
align="left"	*Released: June 26, 2007	*U.S. Sales: 12,200 (First week)	*Billboard 200 chart position: #58	*R&B;/Hip-Hop chart position: #13	*Singles: "Push"/"Let's Go", "Desire"/"When The Gun Draws", "Body Baby"
	*Released: March 22, 2011	*U.S. Sales: 9,600 (First week)	*Billboard 200 chart position: #54	*R&B;/Hip-Hop chart position: #14	*Singles: "Shine", "Clap (One Day)", "Black Hand Side", "Assassins"

Mixtapes

''The Awakening''. Released December, 2006. ''The Awakening'' was Pharoahe Monch's first and only official mixtape released prior to Desire.

Singles

1999: "Simon Says"

2000: "The Light"

2001: "F**k You"

2002: "The Life"

2003: "Agent Orange"

2007: "Push"

2007: "Let's Go"

2007: "Body Baby"

2010: "Shine"

2011: "Clap (One Day)"

2011: "Black Hand Side"

2011: "Assassins"

Appearances

1998: "Live from the DJ Stretch Armstrong Show with your host Bobbito The Barber" (from ''Lyricist Lounge, Volume One'')

1999: "Mayor" and "WWIII" (from ''Soundbombing II'')

1999: "Lyrical Fluctuation (feat. Jigmastas, Mr. Complex, Talib Kweli and Shabaam Sahdeeq)" (from the DJ Spinna album ''The Beyond Real Experience'')

1999: "Dirty Decibels" (from The High & Mighty album ''Home Field Advantage'')

1999: "Take Me Home" (from the Polyrhythm Addicts album ''Rhyme Related'')

1999: "The Anthem" (featuring Eminem, RZA, Tech N9ne, Xzibit, Kool G Rap, Chino XL and KRS-One) (from the Sway & King Tech album ''This or That'')

1999: "Turnablist Anthem" (from the Rob Swift album ''The Ablist'')

1999: "Innovations" (from the Saukrates album ''The Underground Tapes'')

1999: "Livin' It Up" (from the ''Next Friday Soundtrack'')

2000: "Why Don't Cha", "Big Fronter" and "Divine Intervention" (from the Mr. Complex album ''The Complex Catalog'')

2000: "Ill Collabo (feat. Prince Po)" (from the Cella Dwellas album ''The Last Shall Be First'')

2000: "Kenny Rogers - Pharoahe Monch Dub Plate (feat. Kenny Rogers)" (from the Wyclef Jean album ''The Ecleftic: 2 Sides II a Book'')

2000: "What Am I? (feat. L.I.F.E. Long)" (from the Antipop Consortium album ''Tragic Epilogue'')

2000: "Ghost Weed Skit 1" (from the De La Soul album ''Art Official Intelligence: Mosaic Thump'')

2000: "One Four Love Pt.1 (from ''Hip Hop for Respect'')

2000: "Horsemen" (from the Canibus album ''2000 B.C. (Before Can-I-Bus)'')

2000: "Connect (featuring Xzibit & Gipp)" (from the DJ Hurricane album ''Don't Sleep'')

2000: "Oh No (feat. Mos Def & Nate Dogg)" (from ''Lyricist Lounge 2'')

2001: "F**k You" (''Training Day (soundtrack)'')

2001: "I Pledge Allegiance" (from the Nate Dogg album ''Music and Me'')

2001: "Last Dayz" (from the Adam F album ''Kaos: The Anti-Acoustic Warfare'' )

2002: "Madden 2002 Theme" (from the video game ''Madden NFL 2002'')

2002: "Guerilla Monsoon Rap (feat. Black Thought)" (from the Talib Kweli album ''Quality'')

2002: "The Life (featuring Styles P)" and "Round & Round (Remix)", (from ''Soundbombing III'')

2002: "The X (Y'all Know The Name) (featuring Xzibit, Inspectah Deck and Skillz)" (from the X-Ecutioners album ''Built From Scratch'')

2002: "H! Vltg3 (featuring Evidence and DJ Babu)" (from the Linkin Park album ''Reanimation'')

2002: "Frontline (featuring Prince Po, Mike Zoot and F.T.)" (from the El Da Sensei album ''Relax Relate Release'')

2002: "Murda 1 Case (featuring KK)" (from the DJ Quik album ''Under Tha Influence'')

2002: "See What I See" (from the Ras Kass album ''Goldyn Chyld'')

2002: "Talking to You (feat. Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Rah Digga & A-Butta)" (Rawkus Single)

2003: "Oblivion" (from the Aimee Allen album ''I'd Start A Revolution (If I Could Get Up In the Morning)'')

2003: "What is the Law" (''Oz'' Soundtrack)

2004: "Just Do It" (from the Pete Rock album ''Soul Survivor II'')

2005: "It Ain't The Money" (from the Macy Gray album ''The Very Best of Macy Gray'')

2005; "Evaridae" (from the O.C. album ''Starchild'')

2005: "New World Symphony" (from the Miri Ben-Ari album ''The Hip-Hop Violinist'')

2006: "Fish Filet" (from the Sa-Ra double-single ''The Second Time Around'')

2006: "Book Of Judges" (Marc Eckō's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure Soundtrack)

2006; "Loose Ends (feat. Justin Timberlake & will.i.am)" (from the Sérgio Mendes album ''Timeless'')

2006: "Love" (from the J Dilla album ''The Shining'')

2007: "Rehab (Remix)" (feat. Jay-Z) (from Amy Winehouse album ''Back to Black'')

2007: "Reachin'" (from the Polyrhythm Addicts album ''Break Glass'')

2008: "Apocalypse RMX" (from the Immortal Technique album ''The 3rd World'')

2008: "The Matrix (feat. Pharoahe Monch, Sean Price & DJ Premier" (from the Black Milk album ''Tronic'')

2009: "Classic Example" (from Hilltop Hoods album ''State of the Art'')

2009: "Salute" (from Slaughterhouse's self-titled album Slaughterhouse)

2009: "One Shot" (from the KRS-One & Buckshot album ''Survival Skills'')

2009: "Dollaz & Sense" (with RZA) (from The Black Keys' album ''Blakroc'')

2009: "Back and Then" (from the Prince Po EP ''X-Files'')

2010: "Let U Live" (from the Consequence mixtape ''Movies On Demand'')

References

External links

Official website

Category:1972 births Category:Indie rappers Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:American hip hop record producers Category:Rappers from New York City

da:Pharoahe Monch de:Pharoahe Monch es:Pharoahe Monch fr:Pharoahe Monch it:Pharoahe Monch pl:Pharoahe Monch sv:Pharoahe Monch