Eurodance (also known as Dance and Hands Up in Europe) is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s or early 1990s primarily in Europe. It combines many elements from House, Techno, Hi-NRG and especially Italo-Disco. Starting in the early 1990s and continuing to the present day, Eurodance production continues to evolve with a more modernized style that incorporates elements from Trance and Techno music.

Eurodance music is heavily influenced by the utilization of rich melodic vocals, either exclusively by itself or inclusively with rapped verses. This, combined with cutting-edge synthesizer, strong bass rhythm and melodic hooks establishes the core foundation of Eurodance music.

Definition

The term "Eurodance" gradually became associated with a specific style of European dance music over time. During its golden years in the mid 1990s it was just as likely to be referred to as "Euro-House" or "Euro-NRG"; in Europe it was often called "Dancefloor" or simply "Dance".

While some use a much broader definition of what is considered "Eurodance", over time, the term particularly came to refer to an NRG-based genre from the 1990s which included a solo vocalist or a rapper/vocalist duet and is also used to describe later European dance acts such as Cascada.

Eurodance is nightclub-oriented music that is usually produced somewhere in Europe and sounds commercial enough to be played by radio stations and music television. Some of the more prominent Eurodance songs go international, especially if an act manages to score more than one hit.

Characteristics of the music

Most Eurodance is characterized by synthesizer riffs, female or male vocals with simple chorus, male rap parts, sampling and a strong beat. Sometimes with female or male vocals singing throughout the whole song without rap.

Vocals

Eurodance is often very positive and upbeat; the lyrics often involve issues of love and peace, dancing and partying, or expressing and overcoming difficult emotions. The early-mid 1990s Eurodance vocals were frequently done by a solo vocalist or a mixed rapper-vocalist duet.

Many projects utilized variations of the rapper-vocalist theme, such as a German rapper with American singers (Real McCoy), or the use of reggae rap as in Ice MC and Fun Factory, or scat singing as in Scatman John. Solo singing artists such as Alexia, Tess, Whigfield and Double You also contributed to the genre.

Eurodance lyrics are almost always sung in English, regardless of the artist's nationalities. However, some artists release their songs in both English and their native languages.

Percussion

Almost all Eurodance emphasizes percussion and rhythm. Eurodance percussion is generally a "kick" bassdrum with some variations on a 4/4 time signature. While the percussion is always done by synthesizers, it is a sound more typical of dance music and not the "beat box" sound typical of rap music. The tempo is typically around 140 beats per minute, but may vary from 110 to 150 BPM.

Melody

Most Eurodance is also very melody-driven. Unlike most pop music which is usually written in major keys, most Eurodance songs are in minor keys. This along with positive lyrics helps contribute to the overall powerful and emotional sound of Eurodance. Besides the contribution of the female vocals, there is often a noticeable use of rapid synthesizer arpeggios. This is a very distinctive feature of Eurodance that separates it from Hi-NRG disco. The synthesizer often has a piano or barrel organ but sometimes mimics other instruments, such as calliope (e.g., "Touch the Sky" by Cartouche). There is often a short, repetitive riff, while other times there is a whole tour de force of synthesizers (e.g., ''Close To You'' by Fun Factory). Some songs have a second riff cycling in between verses.

Characteristics of the bands and business

Eurodance is widely commercialized. Some producers, like Max Martin or Larry Pignagnoli, have fronted dozens of bands. From thousands of records released, only a few bands have existed in the mainstream beyond two records. Many acts, such as Captain Jack and Jonny Jakobsen (Dr. Bombay), had a carefully planned humoristic image. A group called E-rotic received attention with sexually provocative lyrics and music videos.

While Eurodance singles regularly went to Gold, Platinum or multi-Platinum status, it had been more difficult to get a full length album to get to the same level of success. Typical problems cited include the album as a whole not up to the strength of the singles, the performers not being charismatic enough to hold the attention of millions of people past a song or two, or weak promotion of the remainder of the album after the singles have become hits.

History

Original Eurodance is a fusion of several styles of dance music, primarily house and rap with the Hi-NRG variant of disco music.

Hi-NRG and Italo-Disco

Hi-NRG started in the United Kingdom and United States as an underground, faster form of disco after disco had lost mainstream popularity. In the late 1980s, it became associated with British record producers Stock, Aitken and Waterman, and by the early 1990s bands such as Masterboy & 2 Unlimited were producing a Continental version of Hi-NRG.

Eurodance shows a strong Hi-NRG influence, such as the high BPM and the strong use of female vocals. Eurodance can also be seen as a more technologically advanced form of Euro disco, just as Hi-NRG is the more technologically advanced form of Disco.

Italo Disco and its later evolution, Eurobeat, are sometimes thought to be sub-genres of Eurodance, but rather they are offshoots of the European version of Hi-NRG, called "Space Disco". Italo was influential on the production of Eurodance in general, while Italian-produced Eurodance artists, such as Alexia, Cappella, CO.RO, and Double You, tended to preserve features such as operatic female vocals. Later artists such as Eiffel 65 adopted a sort of "marching" beat in their productions. The term "Eurobeat" appears to be more common in Japan, where this style of music is featured in the video game Dance Dance Revolution, as well as in some Anime soundtracks, for example the street racing scenes in Initial D.

House music

House music, also an underground genre in the United States, had come to the UK and continental Europe with the rise of acid house and "rave" techno in the late 1980s. By the early 1990s, with the rise of the Belgian New Beat, house then became associated with Belgium and the Netherlands.

Some of the first songs with elements of what would later be called Eurodance are house music. For example, "C'mon and Get My Love" by D Mob (1989), "Strike It Up" by Black Box (1990), "Get Ready For This" by 2 Unlimited (1991) and "Rhythm is a Dancer" by Snap! (1992) all have the duet characteristic of Eurodance, and "Everybody's Free (To Feel Good)" by Rozalla (1991) has the characteristic synthesizer riff.

Not all European house music was absorbed into the Eurodance genre. By the early 2000s, it remained a style distinct from Eurodance with harder synthesis and a slower tempo, for example "Satisfaction" by Benny Benassi (2003).

Rap/Hip hop

Rap verse has been one of the main distinguishing elements of Eurodance. While Eurodance makes use of rap vocals, it does not contain the lyrical themes of "gangster rap", nor does it follow many of the instrumental conventions of rap music, such as turntable scratching or heavy basslines. It does however focus on danceability similar to funk music which was a critical basis to the hip hop genre since many songs from that genre were sampled by hip hop artists.

Eurodance has, however, served to popularize rap music in Europe. While rap had been made in Europe at least as far back as Falco's ''Einzelhaft'' album (1982), the American variety only gained a more widespread acceptance when Technotronic landed their hit "Pump Up the Jam", followed by Snap's "The Power". The combination of house music with rap vocals in general came to be referred to as Hip house or "house rap".

Rapper Flo Rida's second album, ''R.O.O.T.S.'', is heavily influenced by the Eurodance genre.

In Europe

Some examples of "original" Eurodance acts are Eiffel 65, 2 Brothers On The 4th Floor, 2 Unlimited, Alcazar, Alexia, Bad Boys Blue, Cappella, CAPTAIN JACK, Captain Hollywood Project, Centory, Corona, Culture Beat, Darude, DJ Bobo, Dr. Alban, E-rotic. E-Type, First Base, Fun Factory, Ice MC, Imperio, Indra, Infernal, La Bouche, Lobby, Le Click, Masterboy, Maxx, Playahitty, Real McCoy, Santamaria, Vengaboys and Whigfield.

These bands included emphasis of the combo female chorus together with male rap performances, leading directly to the duo revival. Each group featured their own signature sound, persona, visual imagery, and vocal approach.

Solo artists who performed Eurodance include Amber, Haddaway. Rozalla supported Michael Jackson during his European "Dangerous" tour. In 1994, Amber made history becoming the first singer in Eurodance history to be signed to a label as a solo artist, not a singer who is bound to a producer.

In late 90s, it also became a trend in Eurodance music to blend the element of Reggae. The origin was "All That She Wants" by Ace of Base. The hit of this song caused a lot of followers such as "Coco Jamboo" by Mr. President, "Sweet Sweet Smile" by Tatjana, "Help Me Dr.Dick" by E-Rotic, "Ole Ole Singin' Ole Ola" by Rollergirl,"Bamboleo" by Garcia etc.

Canada

Canada was a major Eurodance market, the largest outside Europe, which produced its own variant called Canadance. From about 1993 to 1997, acts such as Capital Sound, Temperance, Jefferson Project, Emjay, Solina, Roxxy, BKS, Love Inc. among others; originating mainly in major cities of Central Canada such as Toronto, Montreal and Ottawa were hitting the airwaves. Eurodance received significant airplay on radio stations in the Greater Toronto Area such as Energy 108 and Hot 103.5 which later became Z103.5. By the late 90s, the popularity of this genre was in decline. Today, Eurodance receives little airtime on Canadian radio stations, however Z103.5 plays the genre in rotation almost daily. Some nightclubs in the Toronto area have dedicated nights to this genre, however.

United States

Eurodance is not well known in the United States outside of the major cities New York City, Los Angeles, Miami, etc. A few Eurodance artists (including La Bouche, 2 Unlimited, Real McCoy, and Ace of Base) made the Rhythmic Top 40, Top 40 Mainstream and the Billboard Hot 100 during the early-to-mid 90s. However, it tended to be the more house and rap-oriented artists that received airplay. For instance, the hip-house project Snap! received quite a bit of airplay early on.

The more Hi-NRG-oriented artists were typically played during special "mix" shows if at all, and it was often necessary to go to a club to hear Eurodance music. While Eurodance did become popular with club DJ's in the United States, radio stations were cautious about playing anything that sounded too much like disco during most of the 1980s and 1990s. By the end of the 1990s, however, some of the later acts such as Blue (Da Ba Dee) by Eiffel 65 and Barbie Girl by Aqua did receive extensive airplay.

Despite lack of widespread radio play, many Hi-NRG and Eurodance songs are popular at professional sporting events in the United States, especially basketball.

Compilation albums, such as the ''DMA Dance: Eurodance'' series of compilation albums (1995–1997) from Interhit Records and Dance Music Authority magazine, were popular and helped to define the genre as well as to make it accessible in the U.S. and Canada.

In 2011, Barbadian R&B; singer Rihanna had two number-one hits with her Eurodance influenced songs, "Only Girl (In the World)" and "S&M;".

2000s

Techno always had an important influence on Eurodance music, which at times was basically its more commercial counterpart. From the late 1990s onwards, Trance began to take more influence from Eurodance as well (see Euro-Trance), while techno music was in decline since the late 1990s. By 2006, Trance started slowly losing popularity as quality releases that lived up to the early 2000s sound declined. Interest in Eurodance reignited. However, this time the comeback was largely helped by interests through music and video websites, which includes significant support from media sharing and online networking sites. Although this would be considered the second generation of Eurodance, the 2000s saw renewed interest in Eurodance.

Such groups as Basic Element (active in the 90’s as well), Alcazar, Scooter, Ian Van Dahl, O-Zone, Milk Inc., Merzedes Club, Infernal, Special D, Groove Coverage, Santamaria, Cascada, Sylver, Danijay, Colonia, and solo artists such as Madonna (e.g. Hung Up single), Kate Ryan, Gabry Ponte, DJ Aligator, Máni Svavarsson, Lucas Prata and Inna, represent some of the best of the second generation of Eurodance artists. Most of them have released hit singles and/or albums stateside.

The late 2000s saw a revival of the 90s Eurodance genre. Some US-based musicians are now heavily influenced by Eurodance, prominently Lady Gaga.

2010s

Eurodance has become very popular again, especially in The Netherlands and Belgium, where several 90s parties are held and all of them were sold out, and still more to come . Only a few mainstream artists produce music that can be categorized as eurodance. One of the most popular artists of 2000's, Cascada has moved towards electro with her 2011 album, "Original Me". Generally eurodance lives on with old hits and remixes, as new dance music is often closer to electro and techno.

Notable Eurodance artists

Some of the most recognized bands of the genre include artists such as the Dutch-Belgian group 2 Unlimited, Italian group Eiffel 65, Swedish group Alcazar and Danish group Infernal. Some of the more recent Eurodance artists to enjoy fame include Basshunter and Cascada, in Mexico Dj Stress Bass!.

Classification

After the early 1990s, Eurodance music had split into several categories:

"Classic" Eurodance (1990s) - As noted, often a female vocalist and a male rapper were used for songs within this genre. The music features thicker and more detailed production and is slightly slower than most Eurodance that appeared afterward. This sound features arrangements, production touches, synths, and basslines unique to the early and mid 1990s, and is strongly favored by those who were fans of Eurodance during that time.

Bubblegum Dance - Essentially the Danish Eurodance version of bubblegum pop. While the instrumental style is similar to "classic" Eurodance, the lyrics tend towards a tongue-in-cheek humor very different from typical "disco" lyrics. Topics tend to be such things as toys, cartoons or video games, double-entendres, and fairytale motifs (for example, Aqua's ''Barbie Girl''). Bubblegum may use either a chorus or a male rapper/female singer duet, though it tends not to make use of American rappers as classic Eurodance does.

Euro-Trance - Has a more open-ended structure compared to the tightly knit vocals and melodies of "classic" Eurodance. Vocals sometimes vague or repetitive without verse/chorus structure, often with echo and other effects. Often Euro-Trance has a strong synth line with ethereal chords and strong percussion.

Other related and influential styles

Synthpop - This style emerged during the late 1970s. A type of dance music with futuristic synths and a lighter electro aesthetic resembling new wave or early electro pioneers but with a simpler pop/rock template often centering around a vocal part. Synth-Pop did lose its popularity in the mainstream by the early-1990s but has never been dormant. It continues to be a popular style seeing a major resurgence in the 2000s.

Europop - Popular music related to Dance-pop with elements of classic Eurodance or Trance but is not a lot like one or the other. Chorus and verse structure prevalent. Nearly always incessantly catchy and infectious melodies, synths and beats.

See also

Eurodisco

Euro pop

Eurobeat

Euro-Trance

Reggae fusion (Euro Reggae)

List of eurodance artists

Notes

Radio stations and streaming audio

Digitally Imported Eurodance Channel

Beirut Nights Radio: Eurodance Trance and Mediterranean Music since 1999

KNHC "C-89.5", Seattle WA

WMPH "Super 91.7", Wilmington DE

Shoutcast: Eurodance directory

WoED.fm Internet Radio that plays mainly "modern" eurodance music

DMOZ: Stations: Dance

Radio eXtra: 90s Eurodance

External links

The Eurodance Forum

Hands up(EuroDance) music

The Eurodance Encyclopedia

EuroDanceHits.com

Dance Artists Info

DMOZ: Styles: Euro Dance

Dancefloor '90 German speaking website about Dancefloor Music

Category:Pop music genres Category:Eurodance Category:1980s in music Category:1990s in music Category:2000s in music Category:Hip hop genres

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Name	Randy Bush
Position	Outfielder / Designated hitter
Bats	Left
Throws	Left
Birth date	October 05, 1958
Birth place	Dover, Delaware
Debutdate	May 1
Debutyear	1982
Debutteam	Minnesota Twins
Finaldate	June 23
Finalyear	1993
Finalteam	Minnesota Twins
Stat1label	Batting average
Stat1value	.251
Stat2label	Home Runs
Stat2value	96
Stat3label	Runs batted in
Stat3value	409
Teams	Minnesota Twins (–)
Highlights	2× World Series champion (, ) }}

Robert Randall (Randy) Bush (born October 5, 1958 in Dover, Delaware), is a former professional baseball player and current interim General Manager of the Chicago Cubs.

Bush played for the Minnesota Twins from 1982 to 1993. He mainly played outfield and designated hitter throughout his 12 year major league career. He played in 1,219 games with 96 home runs, 409 RBIs, and a career batting average of .251. He wore the number 25 while playing for the Twins. Bush is a long-time resident of the New Orleans area.

Playing career

After playing baseball at the University of New Orleans, Bush was selected in the 2nd round of the 1979 Major League Baseball Draft by the Minnesota Twins and spent the next three seasons in the minor leagues before making his major league debut in 1982. Although used primarily as the Twins' designated hitter his first three seasons, Bush saw most of his action in right and left field, but also saw time at first base and even one game in center field. However it was likely that his chief role with the Twins was as a pinch hitter as he twice had 13 pinch hits in a season - leading the American League in that category in 1991 and finishing third in 1986 and 1992. After resigning him in 1988, 1990, and 1993 as a free agent, Bush was given his unconditional release from the Twins on 27 June 1993.

Bush was one of seven Twins to be part of both the 1987 and 1991 World Series teams. The other six were Dan Gladden, Greg Gagne, Kirby Puckett, Al Newman, Gene Larkin, and Kent Hrbek.

Post-playing career

Bush was head coach of the University of New Orleans baseball team from 2000 through 2005. In January 2005, he was named the Special Assistant to the General Manager of the Chicago Cubs, during which time he served as an advance scout for the team charting other major league teams and players as well as the Cubs' own minor league system. In December 2006, he was promoted to the position of assistant general manager of the Cubs. On August 19, 2011, Bush was named the interim General Manager of the Chicago Cubs replacing Jim Hendry.

Personal

He has two sons, Jason and Ryan.

References

External links

Official page

Category:Minnesota Twins players Category:Orlando Twins players Category:Toledo Mud Hens players Category:Portland Beavers players Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:Major League Baseball left fielders Category:Major League Baseball right fielders Category:Major League Baseball designated hitters Category:Baseball players from Delaware Category:Major League Baseball general managers Category:Chicago Cubs executives

pt:Randy Bush