Coordinates | 33°55′31″N18°25′26″N |
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{{infobox disease | name | Embolism |
Embolization is a procedure that purposely creates such a lodging and occlusion of specific blood vessels with thrombo-emboli in order to deprive tumors (or other pathologic processes) of their perfusion (blood supply).
Arterial embolis may be starting in the heart (from a thrombus in the left atrium secondary to atrial fibrillation or septic emboli from endocarditis).
An embolus landing in the brain from either the heart or a carotid artery will likely cause an ischemic stroke.
Emboli of cardiac origin are also frequently encountered in clinical practice. Thrombus formation within the atrium in valvular disease occurs mainly in patients with mitral valve disease, and especially in those with mitral valve stenosis with atrial fibrillation (AF). In the absence of AF, pure mitral regurgitation has low incidence of thromboembolism. Absolute risk of emboli in idiopathic AF depends on other risk factors such as increasing age, hypertension, diabetes, recent heart failure, or previous stroke. Thrombus formation can also take place within the ventricles, and it occurs in approximately 30% of anterior-wall myocardial infarctions, compared with only 5% of inferior ones. Some other risk factors are poor ejection fraction (<35%), size of infarct, and the presence of AF. In the first three months after infarction, left-ventricle aneurysms have a 10% risk of embolization.
Patients with prosthetic valves also carry a significant increase in risk of thromboembolism. Risk varies, based on the valve type (bioprosthetic or mechanical); the position (mitral or aortic); and the presence of other factors such as AF, left-ventricular dysfunction, and previous emboli.
Emboli often have more-serious consequences when they occur in the so-called "end circulation": areas of the body that have no redundant blood supply, such as the brain and heart.
The main complication of arterial embolism is infarction, that is, tissue death (necrosis) caused by blockage of the tissue's blood supply.
The main complication of venous embolism is pulmonary embolism, that is, blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches.
In anterograde embolism, the movement of emboli is in the direction of blood flow. In retrograde embolism, however, the emboli move in opposition to the blood flow direction; this is usually significant only in blood vessels with low pressure (veins) or with emboli of high weight.
Category:Hematology Category:Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries
ar:انسداد وعاء دموي bg:Емболия ca:Embòlia cs:Embolie da:Emboli de:Embolie es:Émbolo eo:Embolio fr:Embolie io:Embolio id:Embolisme it:Embolia he:תסחיף kk:Эмболия lt:Embolija hu:Embólia ms:Embolik nl:Embolie ja:塞栓 pl:Zator (medycyna) pt:Embolia ru:Эмболия sv:Emboli tr:EmboliThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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