Coordinates	38°53′51.61″N77°2′11.58″N
Official name	City of St. Louis
Settlement type	Independent City
Nickname	Rome of the West, Gateway to the West, Mound City
Website	http://stlouis-mo.gov
Image seal	SaintLouisSeal.png
Map caption	Location in the state of Missouri
Coordinates region	US-MO
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision type2	County
Subdivision type3	Metro
Subdivision name	United States
Subdivision name1	Missouri
Subdivision name2	Independent city
Subdivision name3	Greater St. Louis
Government type	Mayor–council government
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Francis G. Slay (D)
Established title	Founded
Established date	1764
Established title2	Incorporated
Established date2	1822
Area magnitude	1 E8
Area total km2	171.3
Area total sq mi	66.2
Area land km2	160.4
Area land sq mi	61.9
Area water km2	11.0
Area water sq mi	4.2
Population total	319,294 (58th)
Population as of	2010
Population metro	2,845,298 (16th)
Population density km2	1,990.6
Population density sq mi	5,158.2
Population demonym	St. Louisan
Timezone	CST
Utc offset	−6
Timezone dst	CDT
Utc offset dst	−5
Area code	314
Latns	N
Coordinates	38°37′38″N90°11′52″N
Longew	W
Elevation ft	466
Elevation m	142
Elevation footnotes
Website	http://stlouis-mo.gov/

St. Louis ( or ; French: ''Saint-Louis'' or ''St-Louis'', ) is an independent city on the eastern border of Missouri, United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, its population of 319,294 made it the 58th-largest U.S. city, while the Greater St. Louis combined statistical area's population of 2,845,298 made it the 16th-largest urban area in the country and the largest in the state. It also made it the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Midwest.

The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, and after the Louisiana Purchase, it became a major port on the Mississippi River. Its population expanded after the American Civil War, and it became the fourth-largest city in the United States in the late 19th century. It seceded from St. Louis County in 1876, allowing it to become an independent city and limiting its political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the 1904 World's Fair and the 1904 Olympic Games. The city's population peaked in 1950, then began a long decline.

With its French past and numerous Catholic immigrants in the 19th and 20th centuries, St. Louis is one of the largest centers of Roman Catholicism in the United States. The economy of St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, and tourism, and the region is home to several major corporations, including Express Scripts, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Graybar Electric, Scottrade, Edward Jones Investments, Emerson Electric, Energizer, and Monsanto. St. Louis is home to three professional sports teams, including the St. Louis Cardinals, one of the most successful Major League Baseball clubs; the hockey St. Louis Blues and football St. Louis Rams. The city is commonly identified with the Gateway Arch, part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial in downtown St. Louis.

History

The area that would become St. Louis was a center of Native American Mississippian culture, which built numerous temple and residential earthwork mounds in the region, giving the city its nickname, the "Mound City". European exploration of the area began in 1673, when French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette traveled through the Mississippi River valley. Five years later, La Salle claimed the region for France, and the earliest settlements in the area were built in Illinois during the 1690s and early 1700s at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, and Fort de Chartres. Migrants from the eastern French villages founded Ste. Genevieve, Missouri across the Mississippi River from Kaskaskia, and in early 1764, Pierre Laclède and his stepson Auguste Chouteau founded the city of St. Louis.

In 1765, St. Louis was made the capital of French Upper Louisiana, and after 1768, control of the region was given to the Spanish. In 1780, St. Louis was attacked by British forces, mostly Native Americans, during the American Revolutionary War. St. Louis was transferred back to France in 1800, then sold to the United States in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase, and the city became the territorial capital. Shortly after the purchase, the Lewis and Clark Expedition left St. Louis in May 1804, reaching the Pacific Ocean in summer 1805, and returning on September 23, 1806. Both Lewis and Clark lived in St. Louis after the expedition. Many other explorers, settlers, and trappers (such as Ashley's Hundred) would later take a similar route to the West. The city elected its first municipal legislators (called trustees) in 1808.

Steamboats first arrived in St. Louis in 1817, improving connections with New Orleans and eastern markets. Missouri became a state in 1821, at which point the capital moved from St. Louis. However, St. Louis was incorporated as a city in 1822, and continued to see growth due to its port connections. Immigrants from Ireland and Germany arrived in St. Louis in significant numbers starting in the 1840s, and the population of St. Louis grew from less than 20,000 in 1840, to 77,860 in 1850, to more than 160,000 by 1860.

During the American Civil War, St. Louis was the site of significant divisions, although no combat took place in the city after the 1861 Camp Jackson Affair. The war hurt St. Louis economically, due to the blockade of river traffic to the South, although the St. Louis Arsenal constructed ironclads for the Union. St. Louis profited via trade with the West after the war, and in 1874, the city completed the Eads Bridge, the first bridge over the Mississippi River in the area. On August 22, 1876, the city of St. Louis voted to secede from St. Louis County and become an independent city, and industrial production continued to increase during the late 19th century. The city also produced a number of notable people in the fields of literature, including Tennessee Williams and T.S. Eliot, and major corporations such as the Anheuser-Busch brewery and Ralston-Purina company were established. St. Louis also was home to several brass era automobile companies, including the Success Automobile Manufacturing Company; St. Louis also is the site of the Wainwright Building, an early skyscraper built in 1892.

In 1904, the city hosted the 1904 World's Fair and the 1904 Summer Olympics, becoming the first non-European city to host the Olympics. Proceeds from the fair provided the city with the Saint Louis Art Museum and the Missouri History Museum.

Discrimination in housing and employment were common in St. Louis, and starting in the 1910s, many property deeds included racial or religious restrictive covenants. During World War II, the NAACP campaigned to integrate war factories, and restrictive covenants were prohibited in 1948 by the Shelley v. Kraemer U.S. Supreme Court decision, which originated as a lawsuit in St. Louis. However, de jure educational segregation continued into the 1950s, and de facto segregation continued into the 1970s, leading to a court challenge and interdistrict desegregation agreement.

St. Louis expanded in the early 20th century due to the formation of many industrial companies and due to wartime housing shortages, and it reached its peak population of 856,796 at the 1950 census. Suburbanization from the 1950s through the 1990s dramatically reduced the city's population, and although small increases in population were seen in the early 2000s, the city of St. Louis lost population from 2000 to 2010. Several urban renewal projects commenced in the 1950s, and the city achieved notoriety for its housing projects, particularly Pruitt-Igoe. Since the 1980s, revitalization efforts have focused on downtown St. Louis, and gentrification has taken place in the Washington Avenue Historic District. Because of the upturn in urban revitalization, St. Louis received the World Leadership Award for urban renewal in 2006.

Geography

Topography

According to the United States Census Bureau, St. Louis has a total area of 66.2 square miles (171.3 km²), of which 61.9 square miles (160.4 km²) is land and 4.2 square miles (11.0 km² or 6.39%) is water. The city is built primarily on bluffs and terraces that rise 100–200 feet above the western banks of the Mississippi River, in the Midwestern United States just south of the Missouri-Mississippi confluence. Much of the area is a fertile and gently rolling prairie that features low hills and broad, shallow valleys. Both the Mississippi River and the Missouri River have cut large valleys with wide flood plains.

Limestone and dolomite of the Mississippian epoch underlie the area, and parts of the city are karst in nature. This is particularly true of the city south of downtown, with numerous sinkholes and caves. Most of the caves in the city have been sealed, but many springs are visible along the riverfront. Coal, brick clay, and millerite ore were once mined in the city, and the predominant surface rock, the ''St. Louis Limestone'', is used as dimension stone and rubble for construction.

Near the southern boundary of the City of St. Louis (separating it from St. Louis County) is the River des Peres, virtually the only river or stream within the city limits that is not entirely underground. Most of River des Peres was confined to a channel or put underground in the 1920s and early 1930s. The lower section of the river was the site of some of the worst flooding of the Great Flood of 1993.

The Missouri River forms the northern border of St. Louis County, exclusive of a few areas where the river has changed its course. The Meramec River forms most of its southern border. To the east is the City and the Mississippi River.

Climate

St. Louis lies in the transitional zone between the humid continental climate type and the humid subtropical climate type (Köppen ''Dfa'' and ''Cfa'', respecively), with neither large mountains nor large bodies of water to moderate its temperature. It is subject to both cold Arctic air and hot, humid tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico. The city has four distinct seasons. Spring is the wettest season and produces severe weather ranging from tornadoes to winter storms. Summers are hot and humid, and temperatures of or higher occur between 35 and 40 days a year, while days of or higher occur usually no more than five days per year. Fall is mild with lower humidity and can produce intermittent bouts of heavy rainfall with the first snow flurries usually forming in early or mid November. Winters are often cold and snowy with temperatures frequently below freezing. Winter storm systems, such as Alberta Clippers and Panhandle hooks, can bring days of heavy freezing rain, ice pellets, and snowfall.

The average annual temperature for the years 1970–2000, recorded at nearby Lambert-Saint Louis International Airport, is , and average precipitation is . The normal high temperature in July is , and the normal low temperature in January is , although this varies from year to year. Both and temperatures can be seen on an average 2 or 3 days per year. The official record low is on January 5, 1884, although there were unofficial readings of on January 29, 1873 and on January 1, 1864; and the records high is on July 14, 1954.

Winter (December through February) is the driest season, with an average of precipitation. The average seasonal snowfall is . Spring (March through May), is typically the wettest season, with of precipitation. Dry spells lasting one to two weeks are common during the growing seasons.

St. Louis experiences thunderstorms 48 days a year on average. Especially in the spring, these storms can often be severe, with high winds, large hail and tornadoes. St. Louis has been affected on more than one occasion by particularly damaging tornadoes.

Some late autumns feature the warm weather known as Indian summer; some years see roses in bloom as late as early December.

Flora and fauna

Before the founding of the city, the area was prairie and open forest maintained by burning by Native Americans. Trees are mainly oak, maple, and hickory, similar to the forests of the nearby Ozarks; common understory trees include Eastern Redbud, Serviceberry, and Flowering Dogwood. Riparian areas are forested with mainly American sycamore. Most of the residential area of the city is planted with large native shade trees. The largest native forest area is found in Forest Park. In Autumn, the changing color of the trees is notable. Most species here are typical of the Eastern Woodland, although numerous decorative non-native species are found; the most notable invasive species is Japanese honeysuckle, which is actively removed from some parks.

Large mammals found in the city include urbanized coyotes and usually a White-tailed deer. Eastern Gray Squirrel, Cottontail rabbit, and other rodents are abundant, as well as the nocturnal Virginia Opossum. Large bird species are abundant in parks and include Canada goose, Mallard duck, as well as shorebirds, including the Great Egret and Great Blue Heron. Gulls are common along the Mississippi River; these species typically follow barge traffic. Winter populations of Bald Eagles are found by the Mississippi River around the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The city is on the Mississippi Flyway, used by migrating birds, and has a large variety of small bird species, common to the eastern US. The Eurasian Tree Sparrow, an introduced species, is limited in North America to the counties surrounding St. Louis. Tower Grove Park is a well-known birdwatching area in the city.

Frogs are commonly found in the springtime, especially after extensive wet periods. Common species include the American toad and species of chorus frogs commonly called spring peepers that are found in nearly every pond. Some years have outbreaks of cicadas or ladybugs. Mosquitos and houseflies are common insect nuisances; because of this, windows are nearly universally fitted with screens, and screened-in porches are common in homes of the area. Invasive populations of honeybees have sharply declined in recent years, and numerous native species of pollinator insects have recovered to fill their ecological niche.

Demographics

According to the 2010 United States Census, in the city of St. Louis, there were 319,294 people living in 142,057 households, of which 67,488 households were families. The population density was ..... people per square mile (...../km²). The age distribution of the city showed approximately 24 percent of the population was 19 or younger, 9 percent were 20 to 24, 31 percent were 25 to 44, 25 percent were 45 to 64, and 11 percent were 65 or older. The median age was approximately 34 years. The racial makeup of the city of St. Louis was approximately 49.2 percent African-American, 43.9 percent White (42.2% Non-Hispanic White), 2.9 percent Asian, 0.3 percent Native American/Alaska Native, 2.4 percent two or more races, and 1.3 percent some other race. Approximately 3.5 percent of the city's population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

19 percent of the city's housing units were vacant, and slightly less than half of these were vacant structures not for sale or rent. In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $29,156, and the median income for a family was $32,585. Males had a median income of $31,106 versus $26,987 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,108.

St. Louis experienced slow growth from its founding in the 1760s through the American Civil War, and after the war it grew quickly with industrialization, reaching its peak population in 1950. It experienced a population shift to the suburbs in the 20th century; first because of increased demand for new housing following World War II, and later white flight from older neighborhoods to newer ones.

In 2010, the city of St.Louis was awarded for being one of the most generous large cities in the United States for online monetary donations and has also been recognized for having an extremely high volunteer rate in comparison to other major U.S cities.

Economy

According to the 2007 Economic Census, manufacturing in the city conducted nearly $11 billion in business, followed by the healthcare and social service industry with $3.5 billion, professional or technical services with $3.1 billion, and the retail trade with $2.5 billion. The sector employing the largest number of workers in the city was the healthcare sector with 34,000 workers, followed by administrative and support jobs with 24,000 workers, manufacturing with 21,000 workers, and food service with 20,000 workers.

The rivers of St. Louis play a large role in moving goods, especially bulk commodities such as grain, coal, salt, and certain chemicals and petroleum products. The Port of St. Louis in 2004 was the third-largest inland port by tonnage in the country, and the 21st-largest of any sort.

Major companies and institutions

As of 2011, the St. Louis area is home to nine Fortune 500 companies, including Express Scripts, Emerson Electric, Monsanto, Reinsurance Group of America, Ameren, Charter Communications, Peabody Energy, Graybar Electric, and Centene. Other notable corporations from the area include Edward Jones Investments, Scottrade, Wells Fargo Advisors (formerly A.G. Edwards), Energizer Holdings, Ralcorp, Hardee's, and Enterprise Holdings (parent company of several car rental companies). Significant healthcare and biotechnology institutions with operations in St. Louis include Pfizer, the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, the Solae Company, Sigma-Aldrich, and Multidata Systems International.

Although it was purchased by Belgium-based InBev, Anheuser-Busch continues its presence in the city, as does Mallinckrodt Incorporated in spite of its purchase by Tyco International. The May Department Stores Company (which owned Famous-Barr and Marshall Field's stores) was purchased by Federated Department Stores, but Federated maintained its regional headquarters in the area. General Motors continues to produce railroad cars in the St. Louis area, although Chrysler closed its production facility in the region, which was located in Fenton, Missouri. Despite its purchase by Nestle, Ralston Purina remained headquartered in St. Louis as a wholly owned subsidiary. St. Louis is also home to Boeing Phantom Works (formerly McDonnell-Douglas). In addition, the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis in downtown is one of two federal reserve banks in Missouri.

Culture

Many St. Louis cultural attractions are located in the city of St. Louis, such as the Gateway Arch, although surrounding communities contribute to the culture of the region. St. Louis County and the city of St. Louis have a combined special tax district to support the Saint Louis Art Museum, the Missouri History Museum, and the St. Louis Zoo, all three of which are located in the city. The culture of Greater St. Louis is also defined by music and the performing arts, especially its association with ragtime, rock and roll, and blues, and its current association with classical music, hip hop music, and rap. Several places of worship in the city are also notable, including the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.

Sports

St. Louis is home to professional Major League Baseball, National Football League, and National Hockey League teams, notable collegiate-level soccer teams, and has hosted several collegiate sports tournaments.

+ Professional sports teams in St. Louis
!Club	!Sport	!League	!Venue
St. Louis Cardinals	Baseball	Major League Baseball	Busch Stadium
St. Louis Rams	American football	National Football League	Edward Jones Dome
	Ice hockey	National Hockey League	Scottrade Center

Professional sports

The St. Louis Cardinals, one of the oldest franchises in Major League Baseball, have accumulated ten World Series titles, and two minor league baseball teams play in the area, the Gateway Grizzlies and the River City Rascals. The St. Louis Rams, an American football NFL team, play at the Edward Jones Dome and have won one Super Bowl championship. The St. Louis Blues, a franchise of the National Hockey League, play at the Scottrade Center, and the region hosts NHRA drag racing and NASCAR events at the Gateway International Raceway in Madison, Illinois.

Amateur sports

At the collegiate level, St. Louis has hosted the Final Four of both the women's and men's college basketball NCAA Division I championship tournaments, and the Frozen Four collegiate ice hockey tournament. Although the area does not support a National Basketball Association team, it hosts an American Basketball Association team called the St. Louis Pioneers. Saint Louis University has won 10 NCAA Men's Division I soccer championships, and the city has hosted the College Cup several times. In addition to collegiate soccer, St. Louisans have played for the United States men's national soccer team, and 20 St. Louisans have been elected into the National Soccer Hall of Fame. St. Louis also is the origin of the sport of corkball, a type of baseball in which there is no base running.

Parks

The city operates more than one hundred parks, with amenities that include sports facilities, playgrounds, concert areas, picnic areas, and lakes. Forest Park, located on the western edge of city, is the largest park in the city, although it is not the largest park in the region. Another significant park in the city is the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, a National Memorial located on the riverfront in downtown St. Louis. The centerpiece of the park is the 630 feet (192 m) tall Gateway Arch, designed by noted architect Eero Saarinen and completed on October 28, 1965. Also part of the park is the Old Courthouse, where the first two trials of the Dred Scott case were held in 1847 and 1850.

Other notable parks in the city include the Missouri Botanical Garden, Tower Grove Park, and Citygarden. The Missouri Botanical Garden, a private garden and botanical research facility, includes the Climatron, a greenhouse built as a geodesic dome. Immediately south of the Missouri Botanical Garden is Tower Grove Park, a gift to the City by Henry Shaw. Citygarden is an urban sculpture park located in downtown St. Louis, with art from Fernand Léger, Aristide Maillol, Julian Opie, Tom Otterness, Niki de Saint Phalle, and Mark di Suvero. The park is also divided into three sections, each of which represent a different theme: river bluffs; flood plains; and urban gardens. The park also has a restaurant – The Terrace View. Another downtown sculpture park is the Serra Sculpture Park, with the 1982 Richard Serra sculpture ''Twain''.

Government

The city of St. Louis has a mayor-council government with legislative authority vested in the Board of Aldermen of the City of St. Louis and with executive authority in the Mayor of St. Louis and six other separately elected officials. The Board of Aldermen is made up of 28 members (one elected from each of the city's wards) plus a board president who is elected city-wide. As of 2004, 257,442 registered voters lived in the city.

Local and regional government

Municipal elections in St. Louis city are held in odd numbered years, with the primary elections in March and the general election in April. The mayor is elected in odd numbered years following the United States Presidential Election, as are the aldermen representing odd-numbered wards. The President of the Board of Aldermen and the aldermen from even-numbered wards are elected in the off-years. The Democratic Party has dominated St. Louis city politics for decades. The city has not had a Republican mayor since 1949 and the last time a Republican was elected to another city-wide office was in the 1970s. As of 2006, 27 of the city's 28 Aldermen are Democrats.

Although St. Louis City and County separated in 1876, some mechanisms have been put in place for joint funding management and funding of regional assets. The St. Louis Zoo-Museum district collects property taxes from residents of both St. Louis City and County and the funds are used to support cultural institutions including the St. Louis Zoo, St. Louis Art Museum and the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Similarly, the Metropolitan Sewer District provides sanitary and storm sewer service to the city and much of St. Louis County. The Bi-State Development Agency (now known as Metro) runs the region's MetroLink light rail system and bus system.

State and federal government

The city of St. Louis is represented by eleven districts in the Missouri House of Representatives: the 57th, 58th, 59th, 60th, 61st, 63rd, 65th, 67th and 108th are entirely within the city limits, while the 64th and 66th include part of the city and part of St. Louis County. Two Missouri State Senate districts, the 4th and 5th, are entirely within the city, while the 1st Senate district includes part of the city and part of St. Louis County.

The City of St. Louis is split roughly in half north to south by Missouri's 1st and 3rd U.S. Congressional districts. The 1st is represented by Lacy Clay and the 3rd by Russ Carnahan. Both are members of the Democratic Party; a Republican has not represented a significant portion of St. Louis in the U.S. House since 1949. Each district also includes a significant portion of St. Louis County. Both the city and county lost population in the 2010 Census which contributed to Missouri losing a Congressional seat effective 2013. Initial redistricting maps indicate that the 3rd district would be absorbed into the 1st district placing Carnahan and Clay in the same district and giving St. Louis only one representative in Congress.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri are based in the Thomas F. Eagleton United States Courthouse in downtown St. Louis. St. Louis is also home to a Federal Reserve System branch, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) also maintains major facilities in the St. Louis area.

Crime

Since the mid 1990s, St. Louis index crime rates have declined, although homicide rates in the city of St. Louis have remained higher than the United States national average. St. Louis also frequently is ranked among the "most dangerous" in the country by CQ Press, although these rankings are controversial and do not reflect the crime rate of Greater St. Louis.

Education

The St. Louis Public Schools serves the city of St. Louis with 77 schools, and it is run by a state appointed board. With more than 25,000 students, the district is the largest in Greater St. Louis. The city of St. Louis has several private high schools, both secular and religiously affiliated, including numerous Catholic and Lutheran schools.

According to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, the city of St. Louis is home to two national research universities: Washington University in St. Louis and Saint Louis University. Washington University Medical Center is located in the city's Central West End neighborhood, while the majority of Washington University's main campus is located in adjacent St. Louis County.

Media

Greater St. Louis commands the 21st largest media market in the United States, a position it has held with little variation for more than ten years. All of the major U.S. television networks have subsidiaries in St. Louis, including KTVI 2 (Fox), KMOV 4 (CBS), KSDK 5 (NBC), KETC 9 (PBS), KPLR-TV 11 (CW), KDNL 30 (ABC), WRBU 46 (MNTV), and WPXS 51 Retro Television Network. Among the most popular radio stations in the St. Louis area are KMOX, (AM sports and talk), KLOU (FM oldies), WIL-FM (FM country), WARH (FM adult contemporary), and KSLZ (FM top 40 mainstream). St. Louis also supports public radio with KWMU, an NPR affiliate, and community radio with KDHX.

The ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' is the region's major daily newspaper. Other newspapers in the region include the ''Suburban Journals'', serving parts of St. Louis County, while the primary alternative newspaper is the ''Riverfront Times''. Three weeklies serve the African-American community: the ''St. Louis Argus'', the ''St. Louis American'', and the ''St. Louis Sentinel''. ''St. Louis Magazine'', a local monthly magazine, covers topics such as local history, cuisine, and lifestyles, while the weekly ''St. Louis Business Journal'' provides coverage of regional business news. St. Louis is also home to the nation's last remaining metropolitan journalism review, the ''Gateway Journalism Review'', based at Webster University in the suburb of Webster Groves. St. Louis also is served by an online newspaper, the ''St. Louis Beacon'', which operates in partnership and shares facilities with KETC 9 TV.

Infrastructure

Transportation

The city of St. Louis is served by four interstates and several U.S. highways and state roadways. Although there are no airports within the city limits, the city owns and operates Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, located in northwest St. Louis County. Freight rail and passenger rail service operate in the city on tracks owned by BNSF Railway, with passenger service provided by Amtrak and served at the Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center in downtown St. Louis. Rapid transit and commuter rail service in the city is provided by MetroLink, while bus service is provided by MetroBus, both of which are owned and operated by the Bi-State Development Agency. St. Louis also maintains a port authority for river shipping, and taxicabs are regulated within the city.

Healthcare

St. Louis is a center of medicine and biotechnology. The Washington University School of Medicine is affiliated with the Barnes-Jewish Hospital, the fifth largest in the world. The School of Medicine is also affiliated with St. Louis Children's Hospital, one of the country's top pediatric hospitals. Both hospitals are owned by BJC HealthCare. The School of Medicine ranks in the top five nationally. Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital operate the Siteman Cancer Center. The school's Genome Sequencing Center played a major role in the Human Genome Project. Saint Louis University Medical School is affiliated with Tenet's Saint Louis University Hospital and SSM Health Care's Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital. It also has a cancer center, vaccine research center and a bioethics institute. Several different organizations operate hospitals in the area, including BJC HealthCare, SSM Health Care, Tenet and St. John's Mercy Healthcare, with operates St. John's Mercy Medical Center.

Architecture and neighborhoods

St. Louis possesses several significant examples of 19th century architecture, such as the early stone construction Emmanuel DeHodiamont House, the Greek Revival style Chatillon-DeMenil House in the Soulard neighborhood, the Victorian era Campbell House, and the Wainwright Building, an early Louis Sullivan skyscraper. The city is divided into 79 government-designated neighborhoods. The neighborhood divisions have no legal standing, although some neighborhood associations administer grants or hold veto power over historic-district development.

Sister cities

St. Louis has fifteen sister cities. – Bologna, Italy – Bogor, Indonesia – Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina – Donegal, Co. Donegal, Ireland – Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland – Georgetown, Guyana – Lyon, France – Nanjing, China – Saint-Louis, Senegal – Samara, Russia – San Luis Potosí, Mexico – Stuttgart, Germany – Suwa, Japan – Szczecin, Poland – Wuhan, China

See also

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis

Caves of St. Louis

Great Flood of 1993

Heat wave of 2006 derecho series

LaClede Town

List of Mayors of St. Louis

History of the Jews in St. Louis, Missouri

National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis (city, A–L), Missouri

National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis (city, M-Z), Missouri

St. Louis in the Civil War

St. Louis smog episode (1939)

References

External links

Built St. Louis

St. Louis Convention & Visitors Bureau

St. Louis Regional Chamber and Growth Association

Category:Cities in Missouri Category:Communities on U.S. Route 66 Category:Greater St. Louis Category:Host cities of the Summer Olympic Games Category:Independent cities in the United States Category:Populated places established in 1764 Category:Populated places in Missouri with African American majority populations Category:Missouri populated places on the Mississippi River Category:United States colonial and territorial capitals

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Coordinates	38°53′51.61″N77°2′11.58″N
team	St. Louis Blues
former teams	Anaheim Ducks
league	NHL
position	Centre/winger
shoots	Left
height ft	5
height in	11
weight lb	183
ntl team	Canada
birth date	August 25, 1977
birth place	Strathroy, ON, CAN
draft	Undrafted
career start	2000 }}

Andy McDonald (born August 25, 1977) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre and winger currently playing for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Playing career

McDonald was first coached by his father, who originally had him play defence, but moved him to forward when it became evident he would be too small to make a career as a defenceman. He played in the Strathroy & District Minor Hockey Association and moved onto the Elgin-Middlesex Chiefs AAA team.

Andy played Junior B hockey for the Strathroy Rockets. In 1994–1995, he was named the Rockets Most Valuable Player and had the best plus-minus as a forward. From the OHA he received Eastern Division MVP, League MVP, and the OHA Player of the Year. In 1995–1996, he again had the best plus-minus as a forward, was Rocket Player of the Year, MVP, and Playoff MVP. He also received the Eastern Division MVP, League MVP, and League Player of the Year that season. In the playoffs Andy scored the game winning goal in overtime of game six against the Aylmer Aces that gave the Rockets a huge upset win and their first playoff series win in 19 years.

After being spotted playing in the Western Ontario Junior Hockey League by Stan Moore and Chris Wells, Andy spent four years with a full scholarship at Colgate University alongside fellow Strathroy native Darryl Campbell, the older brother of the Chicago Blackhawks' Brian Campbell. He led the Division I Red Raiders, culminating his career there with an ECAC scoring championship, being named the ECAC Player of the Year, being selected for the ECAC All-Star Team and was a finalist for the coveted Hobey Baker Award and an All-American. He graduated with a degree in International Relations.

He went undrafted and was signed as a free agent by Anaheim in 2000. On December 3, 2000, he scored his first NHL goal against Jamie Storr of the Los Angeles Kings.

Concussion problems plagued his first three seasons with the Ducks, and he was forced to sit and watch when the team made a run at the Stanley Cup in 2003.

On January 19, 2007, McDonald was selected to play in his first NHL All-Star game, replacing Detroit Red Wings forward Henrik Zetterberg who was injured. During the skills competition, McDonald won the fastest skater challenge, finishing with a time of 14.03 seconds (Mike Gartner holds the record of 13.386).

On June 4, 2007, during game four of the Stanley Cup finals against the Ottawa Senators, McDonald contributed on all 3 of the Ducks goals, scoring two goals and an assist, en route to a 3–2 victory. McDonald was named the first star of the game on the official scoresheet. He finished with five goals in the series as the Ducks won the Stanley Cup in five games.

On December 14, 2007, in order for the Anaheim Ducks to free up salary cap space for Scott Niedermayer, McDonald was traded to the St. Louis Blues for Doug Weight.

McDonald fractured his leg in a game against the Montreal Canadiens on November 16, 2008.

McDonald signed a four year extension with the Blues in February 2009.

Personal

McDonald and his wife Gina celebrated the birth of their first child, Jake Gene McDonald, on October 8, 2007 at 12:50 p.m. Jake was 7 lbs., 5 oz.

Awards and achievements

1998–99 – ECAC – Second Team All-Conference Team

1999–00 – NCAA – East First All-America Team

1999–00 – ECAC – Player of the Year

1999–00 – ECAC – First Team All-Conference Team

2006–07 – NHL – Fastest Skater (All-Star Skills Competition)

2006–07 – NHL – Stanley Cup (Anaheim)

Career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

Season (sports)>Season

! Team

! League

! GP

Goal (ice hockey)>G

Assist (ice hockey)>A

Point (ice hockey)>Pts

Penalty (ice hockey)>PIM

! GP

! G

! A

! Pts

! PIM

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AHL totals

67

22

50

72

27

3

0

1

1

2

NHL totals

623

165

281

446

262

41

13

14

27

20

International play

McDonald spent the lockout season playing overseas in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga with team ERC Ingolstadt, along with fellow NHLers Marco Sturm, Jamie Langenbrunner, and Aaron Ward.

McDonald represented Team Canada at the 2002 World Championships in Sweden, where he led the team in goals and points.

References

External links

Category:1977 births Category:Anaheim Ducks players Category:Canadian ice hockey forwards Category:Colgate Raiders men's ice hockey players Category:ERC Ingolstadt players Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario Category:Living people Category:Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players Category:National Hockey League All-Stars Category:People from Strathroy Category:St. Louis Blues players Category:Stanley Cup champions Category:Undrafted National Hockey League players

cs:Andy McDonald de:Andy McDonald fr:Andy McDonald ru:Макдональд, Энди fi:Andy McDonald sv:Andy McDonald

Coordinates	38°53′51.61″N77°2′11.58″N
former teams	Boston BruinsSan Jose SharksCalgary FlamesLos Angeles Kings
team	Detroit Red Wings
league	NHL
position	Defence
shoots	Left
height ft	6
height in	2
weight lb	215
ntl team	CAN
birth date	November 06, 1979
birth place	Rocky Mountain House, AB, CAN
draft	3rd overall
draft year	1998
draft team	San Jose Sharks
career start	1999 }}

Bradley Stuart (born November 6, 1979) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Playing career

Stuart was drafted in the first round, 3rd overall, in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks. In a game against the Los Angeles Kings on April 4, 2004, Stuart scored twice in a 17-second span, forcing the game into overtime at a 3-3 tie. The San Jose Sharks went on to win 4-3. Stuart's feat is the fastest that a Sharks player has scored two goals.

After playing with the Sharks for more than five seasons, Stuart was traded along with Marco Sturm and Wayne Primeau to the Boston Bruins for Joe Thornton in November, 2005.

On February 10, 2007, he was traded to the Calgary Flames along with Wayne Primeau in exchange for Andrew Ference and Chuck Kobasew. Boston General Manager Peter Chiarelli cited his inability to agree on a new contract with Stuart, who was scheduled to become an unrestricted free agent at the end of the 2006–07 NHL season, as a reason for the deal.

After the end of the season, Stuart signed a one-year, $3.5 million deal to play for the Los Angeles Kings.

The Kings traded Stuart to the Detroit Red Wings on February 26, 2008 for a second round draft pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft and a fourth round draft pick in 2009. On June 4, 2008, Stuart won the Stanley Cup as a member of the Red Wings where he saw time as a top-4 defenceman paired with Niklas Kronwall.

Stuart was an unrestricted free agent after the 2007–08 NHL season and on July 1, 2008, he resigned with the Detroit Red Wings for $15 million over 4 years. Stuart returned to his home town of Rocky Mountain House on August 17, 2008 with the Stanley Cup to share his celebration with those that supported him.

Stuart played in 67 games during the 2008-09 NHL Season, scoring two goals to go with 13 assists as the Red Wings came within one game of repeating as Stanley Cup Champions.

Awards

NHL All-Rookie Team - 2000

Stanley Cup - 2008

Career statistics

{| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="0" width="75%" style="text-align:center" |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! colspan="5" | Regular season ! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! colspan="5" | Playoffs |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! ALIGN="center" | Season ! ALIGN="center" | Team ! ALIGN="center" | League ! ALIGN="center" | GP ! ALIGN="center" | G ! ALIGN="center" | A ! ALIGN="center" | Pts ! ALIGN="center" | PIM ! ALIGN="center" | GP ! ALIGN="center" | G ! ALIGN="center" | A ! ALIGN="center" | Pts ! ALIGN="center" | PIM |- ALIGN="center" | 1995–96 | Regina Pats | WHL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 1996–97 | Regina Pats | WHL | 57 | 7 | 36 | 43 | 58 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 |- ALIGN="center" | 1997–98 | Regina Pats | WHL | 72 | 20 | 45 | 65 | 82 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 10 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 1998–99 | Regina Pats | WHL | 29 | 10 | 19 | 29 | 43 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 1998–99 | Calgary Hitmen | WHL | 30 | 11 | 22 | 33 | 26 | 21 | 8 | 15 | 23 | 59 |- ALIGN="center" | 1999–00 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | 82 | 10 | 26 | 36 | 32 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2000–01 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | 77 | 5 | 18 | 23 | 56 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |- ALIGN="center" | 2001–02 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | 82 | 6 | 23 | 29 | 39 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2002–03 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | 36 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 46 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" | 2003–04 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | 77 | 9 | 30 | 39 | 34 | 17 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 13 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2005–06 | San Jose Sharks | NHL | 23 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2005–06 | Boston Bruins | NHL | 55 | 10 | 21 | 31 | 38 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" | 2006–07 | Boston Bruins | NHL | 48 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" | 2006–07 | Calgary Flames | NHL | 27 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 18 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2007–08 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 63 | 5 | 16 | 21 | 67 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2007–08 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 21 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 14 |- ALIGN="center" | 2008–09 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | 67 | 2 | 13 | 15 | 26 | 23 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2009–10 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | 82 | 4 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |- ALIGN="center" | 2010–11 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | 67 | 3 | 17 | 20 | 40 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="3" | NHL totals ! 795 ! 68 ! 216 ! 284 ! 460 ! 119 ! 9 ! 27 ! 36 ! 75 |}

International play

Played for Canada in:

1999 World Junior Championships (silver medal)

2001 World Championships

2006 World Championships

International statistics

{| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0" |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! Year ! Team ! Event ! ALIGN="center" rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! GP ! G ! A ! Pts ! PIM |- ALIGN="center" | 1999 | Canada | WJC | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2001 | Canada | WC | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 |- ALIGN="center" | 2006 | Canada | WC | 9 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 14 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan=3 | Senior int'l totals ! 16 ! 1 ! 4 ! 5 ! 20 |}

References

External links

Category:1979 births Category:Boston Bruins players Category:Calgary Flames players Category:Calgary Hitmen alumni Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent Category:Detroit Red Wings players Category:Ice hockey people from Alberta Category:Living people Category:Los Angeles Kings players Category:National Hockey League first round draft picks Category:People from Clearwater County, Alberta Category:Regina Pats alumni Category:San Jose Sharks draft picks Category:San Jose Sharks players Category:Stanley Cup champions

de:Brad Stuart fr:Brad Stuart ru:Стюарт, Брэд sk:Brad Stuart fi:Brad Stuart sv:Brad Stuart