• 
  Alfonso XII of Spain
  Alfonso XII (born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo) (Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885) was king of Spain, reigning from 1875 to 1885, after a ''coup d'état'' restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.
  http://wn.com/Alfonso_XII_of_Spain
• 
  Charles Evans Hughes
  Charles Evans Hughes Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was a lawyer and Republican politician from the State of New York. He served as the 36th Governor of New York (1907-1910), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1910-1916), United States Secretary of State (1921-1925), and Chief Justice of the United States (1930-1941). He was the Republican candidate in the 1916 U.S. Presidential election, losing to Woodrow Wilson.
  http://wn.com/Charles_Evans_Hughes
• 
  Charles IV of Spain
  Charles IV (Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Jose Januario Serafin Diego; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808.
  http://wn.com/Charles_IV_of_Spain
• Charles Petrie
  Sir Charles Alexander Petrie, 3rd Baronet (28 September 1895 - 13 December 1977) was a popular historian. Of Irish lineage, but born in Liverpool, he was educated at Oxford, and in 1927 succeeded to the family baronetcy.
  http://wn.com/Charles_Petrie
• 
  Dwight F. Davis
  Dwight Filley Davis (July 5, 1879 – November 28, 1945) was an American tennis player and politician. He is best remembered as the founder of the Davis Cup international tennis competition.
  http://wn.com/Dwight_F_Davis
• Emilio Mola
  Emilio Mola Vidal (June 9, 1887 – June 3, 1937) was a Nationalist commander during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). He is best-known for coining the phrase "fifth column."
  http://wn.com/Emilio_Mola
• 
  Francisco Franco
  Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade, (4 December 1892  – 20 November 1975), commonly known as Franco (), was a Spanish military general and dictator, head of state of Spain from October 1936 (whole nation from 1939 onwards), and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November 1975. As head of state, Franco used the title Caudillo de España, por la gracia de Dios, meaning; Leader of Spain, by the grace of God.
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• 
  French people
  French people can refer to:
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• Ieyasu Tokugawa
  http://wn.com/Ieyasu_Tokugawa
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  Isabella II of Spain
  Isabella II (; 10 October 1830 – 10 April 1904) was the first and so far only Queen regnant of Spain. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Spanish Revolution of 1868, and formally abdicated in 1870, but her son Alfonso XII became king in 1874.
  http://wn.com/Isabella_II_of_Spain
• 
  Juan Carlos I
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  http://wn.com/Juan_Carlos_I
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  Maria Luisa of Parma
  Maria Luisa of Parma, Queen of Spain (9 December 1751, Parma, Italy - 2 January 1819, Barberini Palace, Rome, Italy) was Queen Consort of Spain from 1788 to 1808 as the wife of King Charles IV of Spain. She was the youngest daughter of Duke Philip I of Parma and his wife, Louise-Élisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Louis XV.
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• 
  Mateu Morral
  Mateu Morral (Mateo in Spanish; 1880, Sabadell—2 June 1906, Torrejón de Ardoz - part of Madrid) was a Spanish anarchist, known for his assassination attempt on the lives of Alfonso XIII of Spain and his wife Victoria Eugenia (on 31 May 1906, the day the two were married).
  http://wn.com/Mateu_Morral
• 
  Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
  Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres (6 July 1877 – 18 February 1949) was a Spanish lawyer and politician who served, briefly, as the first premier minister of the Second Spanish Republic, and then — from 1931 to 1936—as its president.
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• 
  Pope Alexander VI
  Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503) (, ), born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja () was Pope from 1492 to 1503. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, and his surname (Italianized as Borgia) became a byword for the debased standards of the Papacy of that era; the Borgia popes greatly weakened the moral authority of the Catholic Church.
  http://wn.com/Pope_Alexander_VI
• Pope Calixtus III
  http://wn.com/Pope_Calixtus_III
• 
  Princess Takamatsu
  |align=right
  http://wn.com/Princess_Takamatsu
• Saint-Paul
  http://wn.com/Saint-Paul
• 
  Spanish Civil War
  The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict that devastated Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939. It began after an attempted ''coup d'état by a group of Spanish Army generals against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of president Manuel Azaña. The nationalist coup was supported by the conservative Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas, or C.E.D.A), monarchists known as Carlist groups, and the Fascist Falange (Falange Española de las J.O.N.S.''). Following the partially successful coup, Spain was left divided as supporters of the existing Republican government fought the forces of the new Nationalist government for control of the country. The war ended with the victory of the Nationalists, the overthrow of the Republican government, and the founding of an authoritarian state led by General Francisco Franco. In the aftermath of the civil war, all right-wing parties were fused into the state party of the Franco regime.
  http://wn.com/Spanish_Civil_War
• 
  Spanish people
  Spanish people or Spaniards constitute the European nation and ethnic group native of Spain, in the Iberian Peninsula, which forms the southwest of Europe. The Spanish nationality is in essence made up of regional nationalities, reflecting the complex history of Spain. Spain, in its current boundaries, was formed out of a number of predecessor kingdoms in the late 15th century as a result of the Reconquista and the War of the Castilian Succession.
  http://wn.com/Spanish_people
• 
  Winston Churchill
  Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–1945 and 1951–1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
  http://wn.com/Winston_Churchill
• 
  World War I
  World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
  http://wn.com/World_War_I

• Almadén
  Almadén, Spain, is a town and municipality in the province of Ciudad Real, within the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. The town is located at 4° 49' W and 38° 46' N and is 589 meters above sea level. Almadén is approximately 200 km south of Madrid in the Sierra Morena. The word Almadén is of Arab origin, meaning "the mine."
  http://wn.com/Almadén
• 
  Anjou
  :
  http://wn.com/Anjou
• 
  Covadonga
  Covadonga (Asturian: Cuadonga, from , "Cavern of the Lady", Ṣakhrat Bilāy ("the rock of the affliction or of the putting to the test")) is a village and one of 11 parishes in Cangas de Onís, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northwestern Spain. It is situated in the Picos de Europa mountains.
  http://wn.com/Covadonga
• 
  Cuba
  The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
  http://wn.com/Cuba
• 
  Des Moines, Iowa
  Des Moines () is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small portion of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines which was shortened to "Des Moines" in 1857. It is named after the Des Moines River, which may have been adapted from the French Rivière des Moines, literally meaning "River of the Monks." The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 91st in terms of population in the United States according to 2009 estimates with 562,906 residents according to United States Census Bureau. The city proper population was 198,682 at the 2000 census.
  http://wn.com/Des_Moines_Iowa
• 
  Florence
  Florence ( , ; alternative obsolete spelling: Fiorenza, Latin: Florentia) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 367,569 inhabitants (1,500,000 in the metropolitan area).
  http://wn.com/Florence
• 
  France
  {{Infobox Country
  http://wn.com/France
• 
  Genoa
  Genoa ( , ; in Genoese and Ligurian: Zena, ; in Latin and, archaically, in English: Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000. Genoa's Metropolitan Area has a population of about 1,400,000. It is also called la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past. Part of the old city of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, made it 2004's EU Capital of culture.
  http://wn.com/Genoa
• 
  Granada
  Granada () is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.
  http://wn.com/Granada
• 
  Guanajuato
  :''Guanajuato is the name of a state in Mexico and that state's capital city, as well as a river in the area. This article is about the state. For the city, see Guanajuato, Guanajuato; for the river, see Guanajuato River''
  http://wn.com/Guanajuato
• 
  Iowa
  Iowa () is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland." It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World", however Iowa's economy, culture, and landscape are diverse. In the mid and late 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live. Des Moines is Iowa's capital and largest city.
  http://wn.com/Iowa
• 
  Italy
  Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
  http://wn.com/Italy
• León de Las Aldamas
  http://wn.com/León_de_Las_Aldamas
• 
  London
  London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
  http://wn.com/London
• 
  Madrid
  Madrid (Spanish , English ) is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million (as of December 2009); the entire population of the metropolitan area (urban area and suburbs) is calculated to be nearly 6 million. It is the third-most populous municipality in the European Union after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third-most populous in the European Union after Paris and London. The city spans a total of 698 km² (234 sq mi).
  http://wn.com/Madrid
• Mexico City
  Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México) is the capital and largest city in Mexico as well as the largest city in the Americas and the world's third largest metropolitan area by population, after Seoul and Tokyo. Mexico City is also the Federal District (Distrito Federal), the seat of the federal government. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the most important political, cultural, and financial center in the country.
  http://wn.com/Mexico_City
• 
  Morocco
  Morocco (, al-Maġrib; Berber: Amerruk / Murakuc; French: Maroc), officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية, al-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyya), is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of nearly 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed Western Sahara which is mainly under Moroccan administration. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Mauritania to the south.
  http://wn.com/Morocco
• 
  Oran
  Oran (Arabic: وهران) is a major city on the northwestern Mediterranean coast of Algeria, and the second largest city of the country.
  http://wn.com/Oran
• Palacio Real
  http://wn.com/Palacio_Real
• Philippines
  The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
  http://wn.com/Philippines
• 
  Polk County, Iowa
  Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of 2000, the population was 374,601. The 2008 estimate was 424,778.[http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2008-01-19.csv] Its county seat is Des Moines, which is also the capital city of Iowa. Polk County is one of the five counties that make up the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area.
  http://wn.com/Polk_County_Iowa
• 
  Puerto Rico
  Puerto Rico ( or ), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( — literally Associated Free State of Puerto Rico), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands.
  http://wn.com/Puerto_Rico
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  Rome
  Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
  http://wn.com/Rome
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  Scotland
  Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
  http://wn.com/Scotland
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  Segovia
  Segovia is a city in Spain, the capital of Segovia Province in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. It is situated north of Madrid, 35 minutes by high speed train. The municipality counts some 55,500 inhabitants.
  http://wn.com/Segovia
• 
  Spain
  Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
  http://wn.com/Spain
• 
  Vienna
  Vienna (; ; ) is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC.
  http://wn.com/Vienna

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• Cantiga de Santa María No. 139 "Maravillosos e piadosos"
• Prologue to the "Cantigas de Santa María" (Porque trobar é cousa en que jaz)
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 234 "A que faz os peccadores dos peccados repentir"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 42 "A Virgen mui groriosa"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 29 "Nas mentes senpre teer"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 10 "Rosa das rosas e Fror das frores"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 70 "Eno nome de María"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 384 "A que por gran fremosura é chamada Fror das frores"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 380 "Sen calar"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 90 "Sola fusti, senlleira"
• Cantiga de Fiestas de Santa María No. 422 "Madre de Deus, ora por nos teu Fill' essa ora" (Sibylline verse)
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 110 "Tant' é Santa María de ben mui conprida"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 350 "Santa María, Sennor"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 400 "Pero Cantigas de loor"
• Cantiga de Santa María No. 20 "Virga de Jesse"
• Cantiga de Santa María 29 "Nas mentes senpre teer"

• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 292. Instrumental
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 322. A de Virgen, Que de Deus Madre
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 173. Tantas en Santa Maria son Merces e Bondades
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 259. Instrumental
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 41. A Virgen Madre de Nostro Sennor
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 338. Muitos que Pelos Pecados que Fazen Perdan
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 375. En Todos nos Faz Merçee
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 268. Instrumental
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 101. Ben Pod' a Sennor sen par Fazer Oyr e Falar
• Cantigas de Santa Maria: 189. Ben Pode Santa Maria Guarir de Toda Poçon
• Macar é Door a Rravia Maravillosa e Forte

• Introduction (CSM 176)
• Santa Maria, strela do dia (CSM 100)
• Pero cantigas de loor (CSM 400)
• Instrumental (CSM 123)
• Muito faz grand'erro (CSM 209)
• Por nos de dulta tirar (CSM 18)
• Instrumental (CSM 142)
• Pode por Santa Maria (CSM 163)
• Miragres fremosos faz por nos (CSM 37)
• Instrumental (CSM 77-119)
• De toda chaga ben pode guarir (CSM 126)
• Pero que seja a gente (CSM 181)
• Conclusion (CSM 176)

• Instrumental cantiga 292
• A Virgen, de de Deus Madre
• Tantas en Santa Maria son mercees e bondades
• Instrumental cantiga 259
• A Virgen Madre de Nostro Sennor
• Muitos que pelos pecados que fazen perden o lume
• En todo nos faz mercee
• Instrumental cantiga 268
• Ben pod'a sennor sen par fazer oyr e falar
• Ben pode Santa Maria guarir de toda pocon
• Macar e door a rravia maravillosa e forte

• Cantiga 384. A que por muy gran fremosura
• Cantiga 159. Non sofre Santa Maria
• Cantiga 60. Entre Av'e Eva
• Cantiga 340. Virgen Madre groriosa
• Cantiga 150. A que deus ama, amar devemos
• Cantiga 322. A Virgen, que de Deus Madre
• Cantiga 391. Como pod'a Groriosa
• Cantiga 27. Non devemos por maravilla teer
• Cantiga 20. Virga de Jesse

Born: 1221-11-23

Died: 1284-04-04