name | Bobby Darin |
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landscape | Yes |
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background | solo_singer |
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birth name | Walden Robert Cassotto |
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born | May 14, 1936 The Bronx, New York, U.S. |
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died | December 20, 1973 Los Angeles, California, U.S.
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spouse | |
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instrument | Vocals, guitar, piano, drums, harmonica, xylophone |
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genre | Big band, rock and roll, pop, folk |
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occupation | Musician, singer-songwriter, actor |
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years active | 1956–1973 |
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label | Decca, Atco, Capitol, Brunswick, Atlantic, Motown
}} |
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Bobby Darin (May 14, 1936 – December 20, 1973), born Walden Robert Cassotto, was an American singer, actor and musician.
Darin performed in a range of music genres, including pop, rock, jazz, folk and country. Although unknown to the public, his health was dangerously fragile and strongly motivated him to succeed within the limited lifetime he feared he would, and ultimately did, have.
In 1960 after romancing singer Connie Francis, and being run out of the house by her strict Italian father, with a shotgun, breaking her heart, Darin married "Gidget" actress Sandra Dee, whom he met while making his first film ''Come September'' (1961). They made a few more movies together at Universal Studios that were moderately successful. They had one son, Dodd Mitchell Darin (also known as Morgan Mitchell Darin) before divorcing in 1967.
He was also an actor, singer/songwriter and music business entrepreneur. His wish for a legacy was "to be remembered as a human being and as a great performer." Among his many other contributions, he became a goodwill ambassador for the American Heart Association.
Early years
Bobby Darin was born in
The Bronx to a poor, working-class family of mostly Italian descent. The person he believed to be his father (who was actually his grandfather) died in jail a few months before he was born. It was the height of the
Great Depression, and Darin once remarked that his crib was a cardboard box, then later a dresser drawer. He was initially raised by his Anglo-American mother Polly and his sister Nina, subsisting on
Home Relief until Nina later married and started a family with her new husband, Charlie Maffia. It was not until Darin was an adult that he learned that Nina, 17 years his senior, was in fact his birth mother, and that Polly, the woman he thought was his mother, was really his grandmother. He was never told the identity of his real father, other than that his birth father had no idea Nina was pregnant, and thus never knew that Bobby was even born. Polly mothered him well, despite her own medical history resulting in her addiction to
morphine. It was Polly who took the young Bobby to what was left of the old
vaudeville circuit in New York and places like the Bronx Opera House, and the RKO Jefferson in Manhattan, where he received his first show business inspiration, and where he saw performers like
Sophie Tucker, whom he loved.
Darin was frail and sickly as an infant and, beginning at the age of 8, was stricken with recurring bouts of rheumatic fever, an illness that left him with a seriously weakened heart. Overhearing a doctor tell his mother he would be lucky to reach the age of 16, Darin lived with the constant knowledge that his life might be short, which further motivated him to use his talents. He was driven by his poverty and illness to make something of his life and, with his innate talent for music, by the time he was a teenager he could play several instruments, including piano, drums and guitar. He later added harmonica and xylophone.
An outstanding student, Darin graduated from the prestigious Bronx High School of Science and went on to attend Hunter College on a scholarship. Wanting a career in the New York theater, he dropped out of college to play small nightclubs around the city with a musical combo. In the resort area of the Catskill Mountains, he was both a busboy and an entertainer. For the most part, the teenage Darin was a comedic drummer and an ambitious but unpolished vocalist.
Music career
Allegedly adopting the name Bobby Darin after seeing a Chinese restaurant sign reading "[MAN]DARIN DUCK", what really moved things along for Darin was his songwriting partnership, formed in 1955 with fellow Bronx High School of Science student
Don Kirshner, who later became a music promoter known as "The Man With the Golden Ear", and launched the careers of
Neil Diamond,
Carole King, and
The Monkees. In 1956 his agent negotiated a contract for him with
Decca Records, where
Bill Haley & His Comets had risen to fame. However, this was a time when rock and roll was still in its infancy, and the number of capable record producers and arrangers in the field was extremely limited.
A member of the now famous Brill Building gang of once-struggling songwriters who later found success, Darin was introduced to then up-and-coming singer Connie Francis. Bobby's manager arranged for Darin to help write several songs for Francis in order to help jump-start her career. Initially the two artists couldn't see eye-to-eye on potential material, but after several weeks Bobby and Connie developed a romantic interest. Purportedly, Francis had a very strict Italian father who would separate the couple whenever possible. When Francis's father learned that Darin had suggested the two lovers elope after one of her shows, he ran Darin out of the building while waving a gun and telling him never to see his daughter again.
Darin saw Francis only twice more - once when the two were scheduled to sing together on a television show, and again when Francis was spotlighted on the TV series ''This Is Your Life''. Francis has said that not marrying Darin was the biggest mistake of her life. She alluded to the title of "My First Real Love" (a Darin-Kirshner song she'd recorded and on which Darin had played drums) when she said, "Well, he was my first real love and I never stopped loving him all my life." Francis said too that she and Darin would sometimes go to the Apollo Theater to see artists like James Brown and Ray Charles—'We were the only white people in the audience' -- and when Darin first recorded for Decca early in 1956 it ''was'' with a piece of black music, pioneered by the Louisiana songster Leadbelly, "Rock Island Line"—though the immediate inspiration was Lonnie Donegan's skiffle version. He sang it that year on the CBS program ''Stage Show''—his TV debut—with the lyrics written on the palms of his hands in case he forgot them... which he did. But the songs recorded at Decca did very little business.
Darin left Decca to sign with Atlantic Records (ATCO), where he wrote and arranged music for himself and others. Songs he recorded, like Harry Warren's ''I Found a Million Dollar Baby'', were sung with an Elvis-like attack, but Darin was not fully equipped to be a teen idol: he worried about his appearance, he was losing his hair, and told Steve Blauner that when he looked in the mirror he saw "an ugly, small Italian man". Yet many attested that on stage he had "absolute charisma". There was talk of releasing Darin from his contract until Atlantic's Turkish-American co-founder Ahmet Ertegun stepped in. Darin's career took off in 1958 when he wrote and recorded "Splish Splash", with Ertegun producing. The song was an instant hit, selling more than a million copies. "Splish Splash" was written with radio DJ Murray "Murray the K" Kaufman, who bet Darin that he could not write a song that started out with the words, "Splish Splash, I was takin' a bath", as suggested by Kaufman's mother. On a snow-bound night in early 1958, Darin went into the studio alone and recorded a demo of "Splish Splash", which featured the sound of Darin taking a bath, and became the first 8-track recording on vinyl. Darin and Kaufman eventually shared writing credit with Kaufman's mother. This was followed by more hits recorded in the same style.
In 1959, Darin recorded the self-penned "Dream Lover", a ballad that became a multi-million seller. With it came financial success and the ability to demand more creative control. Some at the label wanted a Fats Domino-ish album to follow, but Darin's devoted publicist and advisor Harriet "Hesh" Wasser campaigned for a "great, swinging, standard album"; as she later told it, she and Darin were walking down 57th street when Darin told her, "Hesh, don't worry, you'll get your album". His next single, "Mack the Knife", was the standard from Kurt Weill's ''Threepenny Opera'', with Darin giving the tune a vamping jazz-pop interpretation. Although Darin initially opposed releasing it as a single, the song went to No. 1 on the charts for nine weeks, sold two million copies, and won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1960. Darin was also voted the Grammy Award for Best New Artist that year. "Mack The Knife" has since been honored with a Grammy Hall of Fame Award. He followed "Mack" with "Beyond the Sea", a jazzy English-language version of Charles Trenet's French hit song "La Mer".
Both tracks were produced by Atlantic founders Ahmet and Nesuhi Ertegün with staff producer Jerry Wexler and featured brilliant arrangements by Richard Wess. Propelled by the success of "Mack the Knife" and "Beyond the Sea", Darin became a hot commodity. He set all-time attendance records at the famed Copacabana nightclub in New York City, where it was not unusual for Darin fans to line up around the block. The Copacabana had to fill the dance floor— normally part of the performance area—with extra seating to accommodate Darin's fans. Darin also headlined at the major casinos in Las Vegas.
Sammy Davis Jr., an exceptionally multi-talented and dynamic performer himself, was quoted as saying that Bobby Darin was "the only person I never wanted to follow" after seeing him perform in Las Vegas. Davis was among those who appeared on the 1959 telecast of ''This Is Your Life'', along with George Burns and relatives and friends, that surprised and honored Darin at NBC's Burbank, California studios. Darin had a significant role in fostering new talent. Richard Pryor, Flip Wilson and Wayne Newton opened his nightclub performances when they were virtually unknown. Early on, at the Copacabana, he insisted that black comic George Kirby be his opening act. His request was grudgingly granted by Jules Podell, the manager of the Copacabana.
In the 1960s, Darin also owned and operated a highly successful music publishing and production company (TM Music/Trio) and signed Wayne Newton to TM, giving him a song that was originally sent to Darin to record. That record went on to become Newton's breakout hit, "Danke Schoen". He also was a mentor to Roger McGuinn, who worked for Darin at TM Music and played the 12-string guitar in Darin's nightclub band before forming The Byrds. Darin also produced Rosey Grier's 1964 LP, ''Soul City'', and ''Made in the Shade'' for Jimmy Boyd.
In 1962, Darin also began to write and sing country music, with hit songs including "Things" (U.S. #3/UK #2) (1962), "You're the Reason I'm Living" (U.S. #3), and "18 Yellow Roses" (U.S. #10). The latter two were on Capitol Records, which he joined in 1962 before returning to Atlantic four years later. It was in 1966 Darin had his final UK hit single with a version of Tim Hardin's "If I Were A Carpenter", which peaked at #9. He performed the opening and closing songs on the soundtrack of the 1965 Walt Disney film ''That Darn Cat!'' "Things" was sung by Dean Martin in the 1967 TV special ''Movin' With Nancy'', starring Nancy Sinatra, which was released to home video in 2000.
Acting career
Darin became a film actor. In 1960, he appeared twice as himself in
NBC's short-lived
crime drama ''
Dan Raven'', starring
Skip Homeier and set on the
Sunset Strip of
West Hollywood. In 1960, he was the only actor ever to have been signed to five major
Hollywood film studios. He wrote music for several films and acted in them as well. In his first major film, ''
Come September'', a
romantic comedy designed to capitalize on his popularity with the
teenage and
young adult audience, he co-starred with 18-year-old actress
Sandra Dee. They fell in love and were married in 1960. The couple had one son, Dodd Mitchell Darin (born 1961), and later
divorced in 1967. Wanting his acting to be taken seriously, Darin took on more meaningful movie roles, and in 1962, he won the
Golden Globe Award for "Most Promising Male Newcomer" for his role in ''
Pressure Point''.
In 1963, Darin was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as a shell-shocked soldier in ''Captain Newman, M.D.''. At the Cannes Film Festival, where his records—in particular "Beyond the Sea"—brought him a wide following, he won the French Film Critics Award for best actor.
Later years
Darin's musical output became more "
folky" as the 1960s progressed and he became more politically active. In 1966, he had another big hit record, but this time with folksinger
Tim Hardin's "
If I Were a Carpenter", adding another style to his vast repertoire. The song secured Darin's return to the
Top 10 after a two-year absence. Jim (Roger) McGuinn, the future leader of the Byrds, was part of his performing band in the early 1960s. Darin traveled with
Robert Kennedy and worked on the politician's 1968 presidential campaign. He was with Kennedy the day he traveled to Los Angeles on June 4, 1968, for the California primary, and was at the Ambassador Hotel later that night when Kennedy was assassinated. Darin was devastated.
Darin sold his house and most of his possessions and lived in seclusion in a trailer near Big Sur for nearly a year. Coming back to Los Angeles in 1969, Darin started another record company, Direction Records, putting out folk and protest music. He wrote the very popular "Simple Song of Freedom" in 1969. This song was recorded by Tim Hardin, who sang only three out of the four verses of the song. He said of his first Direction album, "The purpose of Direction Records is to seek out statement-makers. The album is solely [composed] of compositions designed to reflect my thoughts on the turbulent aspects of modern society." During this time, he was billed under the name "Bob Darin", grew a mustache, and stopped wearing a hairpiece. Within two years, however, all of this ceased. At the beginning of the 1970s, he continued to act and to record, including several albums with Motown Records and a couple of films. In January 1971, he underwent his first heart surgery in an attempt to correct some of the heart damage he had lived with since childhood. He spent most of the year recovering from the surgery.
In 1972, he starred in his own television variety show on NBC, ''The Bobby Darin Amusement Company'', which ran until his death in 1973. Darin married Andrea Yeager in June 1973. He made TV guest appearances and remained a top draw at Las Vegas, where, owing to his poor health, he was often administered oxygen after his performances.
Darin was an enthusiastic chess player. His television show included an occasional segment in which he would explain a chess move. He arranged with the United States Chess Federation to sponsor a grandmaster tournament, with the largest prize fund in history, but the event was canceled after his death.
Death
In 1973, Darin's ill health took a turn for the worse. After failing to take medication to protect his heart before a dental visit, he developed
blood poisoning. This weakened his body and badly affected one of his heart valves. On December 11, Darin entered
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles for surgery to repair two artificial heart valves he had received in the previous heart operation back in January 1971. On December 19, a five-man surgical team worked for over six hours to repair Darin's damaged heart. Darin died minutes afterward in the recovery room on December 20, 1973, at age 37.
Legacy
In 1990, singer
Paul Anka made the speech for Darin's induction into the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 1999, he was voted into the
Songwriters Hall of Fame. He has a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame.
The Righteous Brothers refer to Darin in their song ''Rock and Roll Heaven'', a tribute to late musicians released months after Darin's death. As well, Darin's former pianist, Roger Kellaway, has recorded two albums of Darin's music.
In 1998 PBS aired the acclaimed documentary "Bobby Darin: Beyond the Song", produced by Henry Astor and Jason Cilo.
In a 2003 episode of the NBC television series ''American Dreams'', Duncan Sheik portrays Darin and performs ''Beyond the Sea'' on ''American Bandstand''. Brittany Snow's character, Meg Pryor, is assigned as Darin's liaison during the show.
On Monday, May 14, 2007, Darin was awarded a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars to honor his contribution to making Las Vegas the "Entertainment Capital of the World" and to acknowledge his reputation as one of the greatest entertainers of the 20th century. The sponsorship fee for this star was raised entirely by fan donations.
In December 2007, Darin was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.
Darin had a custom car built called the "Dream Car", designed by Andy DiDia; the car is on display at the St. Louis Museum of Transportation.
On December 13, 2009, the Recording Academy announced that Darin would receive a posthumous Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 Grammy Awards ceremony.
Biopic
As early as 1986, director Barry Levinson intended to direct a film based on Darin's life, and had begun preproduction on the project in early 1997. Eventually, he abandoned the project. Subsequently, actor and lifelong Darin fan Kevin Spacey—along with Darin's son, Dodd—acquired the film rights. The resultant biopic, "Beyond the Sea", starred Spacey as Darin, with the actor using his own singing voice for the musical numbers, as well as co-writing, co-producing and directing. The film covers much of Darin's life and career, including his marriage to Sandra Dee, portrayed by Kate Bosworth. With the consent of the Darin estate, former Darin manager Steve Blauner, and archivist Jimmy Scalia, "Beyond the Sea" opened at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival. Though Dodd Darin, Sandra Dee, and Blauner responded enthusiastically to Spacey's work and the film was strongly promoted by the studio, "Beyond the Sea" received mixed-to-poor reviews upon wide release, and box office results were disappointing. Some critics praised Spacey's performance, largely owing to his decision to use his own singing voice, and Spacey did receive a Golden Globe Nomination for Best Actor—Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, but he lost to Jamie Foxx.
The film also spurred a renewed interest in Darin, resulting in the issue of previously unreleased Darin music.
Discography
Singles
style="width:20px;" rowspan="2" | Release date |
Title
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Flip side
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Record label
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Chart Positions
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! style="width:60px;" |
Cashbox
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UK
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R&B;
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rowspan="3" | 1956 |
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Timber
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Silly Willy /
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Blue Eyed Mermaid
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The Greatest Builder Of Them All /
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Hear Them Bells
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Dealer In Dreams /
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Help Me
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Million Dollar Baby /
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Talk To Me
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Don't Call My Name /
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Pretty Betty
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Silly Willy /
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Dealer In Dreams
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Just In Case You Change Your Mind /
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So Mean
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Judy Don't Be Moody
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Now We're One
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Early in the Morning /
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Now We're One
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Queen of the Hop
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Lost Love
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Mighty Mighty Man /
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You're Gone
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Plain Jane
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While I'm Gone
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Dream Lover
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Bullmoose
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Was There A Call For Me
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That's The Way Love Is
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Tall Story
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Won't You Come Home Bill Bailey?/
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Beachcomber
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Autumn Blues
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Artificial Flowers/
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::above ''Shown as "Bobby Darin at the Piano"''
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Somebody To Love
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Christmas Auld Lang Syne/
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Child Of God
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She's Tanfastic!
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Moments Of Love
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::above ''Special premium record''
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Oo-Ee Train
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Nature Boy
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Look For My True Love
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Theme From "Come September"
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Walk Back To Me
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You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby
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Sorrow Tomorrow
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Irresistible You/
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What'd I Say (Part 1)/
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What'd I Say (Part 2)
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Jailer Bring Me Water
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If A Man Answers/All By Myself
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True, True Love
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Baby Face
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You Know How
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I Found a New Baby
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Keep-A-Walkin'
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You're the Reason I'm Living
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Now You're Gone
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18 Yellow Roses
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Not For Me
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Treat My Baby Good
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Down So Long
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Be Mad Little Girl
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Since You've Been Gone
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I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now
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As Long As I'm Singing
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Milord
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Golden Earrings
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Swing Low Sweet Chariot /
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Similau
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The Things In This House
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Wait By The Water
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Minnie The Moocher /
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Hard Headed Hannah
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Hello, Dolly!
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Golden Earrings
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Venice Blue (Que C'est Triste Venise)
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A World Without You
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When I Get Home /
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Lonely Road
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Gyp The Cat /
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That Funny Feeling
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We Didn't Ask To Be Brought Here
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Funny What Love Can Do
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Silver Dollar /
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The Breaking Point
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Mame
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Walking In The Shadow Of Love
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Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf? /
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Merci, Cheri
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Rainin'
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The Girl That Stood Beside Me
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Reason To Believe
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Lovin' You /
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Amy
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The Lady Came From Baltimore /
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I Am
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Darling Be Home Soon/
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Hello, Sunshine
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Talk To The Animals /
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After Today
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Talk To The Animals /
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She Knows
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1968
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Long Line Rider /
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Change
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Me & Mr. Hohner /
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Song for A Dollar
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Distractions (Part 1) /
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Jive
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Sugar Man (9 To 5) /
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Jive's Alive
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Baby May /
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Sweet Reason
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Maybe We Can Get It Together /
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Rx Pyro (Prescription: Fire)
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Melody /
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Someday We'll Be Together
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Simple Song Of Freedom /
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I'll Be Your Baby Tonight
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1972
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Sail Away /
| Something In Her Love
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Average People /
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Something In Her Love
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Happy
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Something In Her Love
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Dream Lover /
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Mack The Knife
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1987
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Beyond The Sea
|
Mack The Knife
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;Early In The Morning:
:Darin approached Brunswick Records with "Early In the Morning." Brunswick was impressed, but as Darin was still under contract to Atlantic Records' subsidiary, Atco, the song was released by "The Ding Dongs". New York deejays liked the record and Atco soon discovered the deception. Brunswick was forced to turn over the masters to Atco which released the record under the name, "The Rinky Dinks". In the UK where it had to compete with a version by Buddy Holly, rush released by Brunswick, the single was released under Darin's own name.
Albums
Key:
US Billboard = BB
US Cashbox = CB
UK chart = UK
''Bobby Darin''—Atco 33-102—1958
::''Issued only in mono''
''That's All'' (BB #7)–Atco 33-104 (Mono) (CB #9)/SD 33-104 (Stereo) (CB #16)–1959
::''Note: There were separate Cashbox charts for mono and stereo albums until 1965
''This is Darin'' (BB #6)—Atco 33-115 (CB #5)/SD 33-115 (CB #7)—1960
''Darin At The Copa'' (BB #9)—Atco 33-122 (CB #6)/SD 33-122 (CB #12)—1960
''For Teenagers Only'' (CB #38)—Atco 1001–1960
::''Issued only in mono''
''It's You Or No One''—Atco 33-124/SD 33-124–1960
''The 25th Day of December''—Atco 33-125/SD 33-125–1960
''Two Of A Kind'' (Bobby Darin & Johnny Mercer)—Atco 33-126 (CB #38)/SD 33-126–1961
''The Bobby Darin Story'' (BB #18)—Atco 33-131 (CB #11)/SD 33-131–1961
::''Originally issued with white album cover, reissued in 1962 with black album cover. These issues were pressed with Bobby Darin's autograph in the run-out groove plate on Side 2; later reissues do not include the autograph''
''Love Swings'' (BB #92)—Atco 33-134 (CB #49)/SD 33-134–1961
''Twist with Bobby Darin'' (BB #48)—Atco 33-138 (CB #45)/SD 33-138–1961
::''Original copies of the above Atco albums were originally pressed with yellow "harp" labels. In 1962, these were re-released with gold/dark blue labels (mono copies) and purple/brown labels (stereo copies), which were also used for the forecoming Atco releases''
''Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles'' (BB #96)—Atco 33-140 (CB #41)/SD 33-140—1962
''Things and Other Things'' (BB #45)—Atco 33-146 (CB #43)/SD 33-146—1962
''Oh! Look at Me Now'' (BB #100)—Capitol T(Mono)/ST(Stereo) 1791—1962
''Earthy''—Capitol T/ST-1826—1963
''You're the Reason I'm Living'' (BB #43)—Capitol T 1866 (CB #19)/ST 1866—1963
''18 Yellow Roses"'' (BB #98)—Capitol T 1942 (CB #69)/ST 1942—1963
''Golden Folk Hits''—Capitol T/ST 2007—1963
''Winners''—Atco 33-167/SD 33-167—1964
''As Long As I'm Singing''—Capitol T/ST 2084—1964
::''Unreleased, but rare stereo acetates are known to exist''
''From Hello Dolly to Goodbye Charlie'' (BB #107)—Capitol T/ST -2194—1964
''Venice Blue'' (BB #132)—Capitol T/ST 2322—1965
''The Best Of Bobby Darin''—Capitol T/ST 2571—1966
''The Shadow of Your Smile''—Atlantic 8121(Mono)/SD 8121(Stereo) - 1966
''In A Broadway Bag''—Atlantic 8126/SD 8126—1966
''If I Were a Carpenter'' (BB #142, CB #97)—Atlantic 8135/SD 8135—1966
::''There were more mono copies than stereo copies of this album pressed''
''Inside Out''—Atlantic 8142/SD 8142—1967
''Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle''—Atlantic 8154/SD 8154–1967
''Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto''—Direction 1936–1968
''Commitment''—Direction 1937—1969
''Finally''—Motown 739—1972
::''Commercially unreleased, but rare test pressings from RCA exist''
''Bobby Darin''—Motown 753—1972
''Darin: 1936-1973'' (CB #136)—Motown 813—1974
Filmography
''Come September'' (1961)
''Too Late Blues'' (1962)
''State Fair'' (1962)
''Hell Is for Heroes'' (1962)
''If a Man Answers'' (1962)
''Pressure Point'' (1962)
''Captain Newman, M.D.'' (1963)
''That Funny Feeling'' (1965)
''Gunfight in Abilene'' (1967)
''Stranger in the House'' (1967)
''The Happy Ending'' (1969)
''Happy Mother's Day, Love George'' (1973)
Literature
Dodd Darin & Maxine Paetro: ''Dream Lovers: the Magnificent Shattered Lives of Bobby Darin and Sandra Dee''. New York: Warner Books 1994. ISBN 0-446-51768-2
References
External links
International Jose Guillermo Carrillo Foundation
Official site
Hall of Rock
Jimmy Scalia: The Official Bobby Darin Archivist
Bobby Darin Discography: Complete Details on all Darin LPs
Watch
"Beyond the Sea" (2004) Hollywood movie on the life of Bobby Darin
Listen
Bobby Darin interview recorded 11.5.1967 on the Pop Chronicles
Category:American crooners
Category:American male singers
Category:American pop singers
Category:American rock singers
Category:American film actors
Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees
Category:Decca Records artists
Category:Atlantic Records artists
Category:Motown artists
Category:American Roman Catholics
Category:People from the Bronx
Category:People from Staten Island
Category:The Bronx High School of Science alumni
Category:Hunter College alumni
Category:American musicians of Italian descent
Category:American jazz musicians of Italian descent
Category:Deaths from surgical complications
Category:1936 births
Category:1973 deaths
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