Events

610 – Coronation of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius

869 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople.

1143 – King Alfonso VII of León recognises Portugal as a Kingdom.

1550 – Foundation of Concepción, city in Chile.

1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1665 – The University of Kiel is founded.

1789 – French Revolution: Women of Paris march to Versailles in the March on Versailles to confront Louis XVI about his refusal to promulgate the decrees on the abolition of feudalism, demand bread, and have the King and his court moved to Paris.

1793 – French Revolution: Christianity is disestablished in France.

1857 – The City of Anaheim is founded.

1864 – The Indian city of Calcutta is almost totally destroyed by a cyclone; 60,000 die.

1869 – The Saxby Gale devastates the Bay of Fundy region of Maritime Canada. The storm had been predicted over a year before by a British naval officer.

1877 – Chief Joseph surrenders his Nez Perce band to General Nelson A. Miles.

1895 – The first individual time trial for racing cyclists is held on a 50-mile course north of London.

1903 – Sir Samuel Griffith is appointed the first Chief Justice of Australia and Sir Edmund Barton and Richard O'Connor are appointed as foundation justices.

1905 – Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes, a world record that stood until 1908.

1910 – In a revolution in Portugal the monarchy is overthrown and a republic is declared .

1914 – World War I: first aerial combat resulting in a kill.

1915 – Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.

1921 – Baseball: The World Series is broadcast on the radio for the first time.

1930 – British Airship R101 crashes in France ''en-route'' to India on its maiden voyage.

1936 – The Jarrow March sets off for London.

1944 – Royal Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France.

1944 – Suffrage is extended to women in France.

1945 – Hollywood Black Friday: A six-month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of Warner Brothers' studios.

1947 – The first televised White House address is given by U.S. President Harry S. Truman.

1948 – The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake kills 110,000.

1953 – The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.

1962 – ''Dr. No'', the first in the James Bond film series, is released.

1966 – Near Detroit, Michigan, there is a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi demonstration nuclear breeder reactor.

1968 – Police baton civil rights demonstrators in Derry, Northern Ireland – considered to mark the beginning of The Troubles.

1969 – The first episode of ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' airs on BBC.

1970 – The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is founded.

1970 – Montreal, Quebec: British Trade Commissioner James Cross is kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group, triggering the October Crisis.

1973 – Signature of the European Patent Convention.

1974 – Guildford pub bombings: bombs planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) kill four British soldiers and one civilian.

1981 – Raoul Wallenberg becomes an honorary U.S. citizen.

1982 – Chicago Tylenol murders: Johnson & Johnson initiates a nationwide product recall in the United States for all products in its Tylenol brand after several bottles in Chicago are found to have been laced with cyanide, resulting in seven deaths.

1984 – Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle ''Challenger''.

1986 – Israeli secret nuclear weapons are revealed. The British newspaper ''The Sunday Times'' runs Mordechai Vanunu's story on its front page under the headline: "Revealed — the secrets of Israel's nuclear arsenal".

1988 – The Chilean opposition coalition ''Concertación'' (center-left) defeats Augusto Pinochet in his re-election attempt and a general election is called the following year.

1990 – After one hundred and fifty years ''The Herald'' broadsheet newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, is published for the last time as a separate newspaper.

1991 – An Indonesian military transport crashes after takeoff from Jakarta killing 137.

1991 – The first official version of the Linux kernel, version 0.02, is released.

1999 – The Ladbroke Grove rail crash in west London kills 31 people.

2000 – Mass demonstrations in Belgrade lead to resignation of Serbian strongman Slobodan Milošević. These demonstrations are often called the Bulldozer Revolution.

2001 – Robert Stevens becomes the first victim in the 2001 anthrax attacks.

Births

1338 – Alexios III, Emperor of Trebizond (d. 1390)

1520 – Alessandro Farnese, Italian cardinal (d. 1589)

1641 – Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, French mistress of King Louis XIV of France (d. 1707)

1658 – Mary of Modena, queen of James II of England (d. 1718)

1695 – John Glas, Scottish minister (d. 1773)

1703 – Jonathan Edwards, American minister (d. 1758)

1712 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (d. 1793)

1713 – Denis Diderot, French philosopher and encylopedist (d. 1784)

1715 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (d. 1789)

1717 – Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux, French mistress of King Louis XV of France (d. 1744)

1781 – Bernard Bolzano, Czech mathematician and philosopher (d. 1848)

1792 – Joseph Crosfield, English soap and alkali manufacturer (d. 1844)

1795 – Alexander Keith, Scottish-born Canadian brewer (d. 1873)

1820 – David Wilber, American politician (d. 1890)

1824 – Henry Chadwick, English-born American baseball writer and statistician (d. 1908)

1829 – Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (d. 1886)

1844 – Francis William Reitz, State President of the Orange Free State (d. 1934)

1848 – Guido von List, German writer (d. 1919)

1850 – Sergey Muromtsev, Russian lawyer and politician, and President of the First Imperial Duma (d. 1910)

1857 – Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich, Irish Language writer (d. 1942)

1864 – Louis Lumière, French film pioneer (d. 1948)

1878 – Louise Dresser, American actress (d. 1965)

1879 – Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1970)

1882 – Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945)

1887 – René Cassin, French jurist and Nobel laureate (d. 1976)

1889 – Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (d. 1936)

1892 – Remington Kellogg, American naturalist (d. 1969)

1894 – Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (d. 1948)

1898 – Nachum Gutman, Israeli painter (d. 1980)

1899 – Georg, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1963)

1901 – John Alton, American cinematographer (d. 1996)

1902 – Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (d. 1975)

1902 – Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur (d. 1984)

1903 – M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (d. 1989)

1905 – John Hoyt, American film and television actor (d. 1991)

1905 – Harriet E. MacGibbon, American actress (d. 1987)

1907 – Mrs. Miller, American singer (d. 1997)

1908 – Joshua Logan, American film director and writer (d. 1988)

1909 – Tony Malinosky, American baseball player

1911 – Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (d. 1966)

1911 – Pierre Dansereau, Canadian ecologist

1912 – Fritz Fischer, Nazi war criminal (d. 2003)

1913 – Eugene Bennett Fluckey American Navy Submariner (d. 2007)

1916 – Stetson Kennedy, American writer

1917 – Allen Ludden, American television game show host (d. 1981)

1919 – Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)

1919 – Robin Bailey, English actor (d. 1999)

1921 – Bill Willis, American football player (d. 2007)

1922 – José Froilán González, Argentine race car driver

1922 – Bil Keane, American cartoonist

1922 – Jock Stein, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 1985)

1923 – Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic footballer (d. 1994)

1923 – Philip Berrigan, American peace activist (d. 2002)

1923 – Glynis Johns, British actress

1923 – Stig Dagerman, Swedish writer (d. 1954)

1924 – Bill Dana, American actor

1924 – José Donoso, Chilean writer (d. 1996)

1924 – Barbara Kelly, Canadian-born actress (d. 2007)

1924 – Bob Thaves, American cartoonist Frank and Ernest (comic strip) (d. 2006)

1925 – Gail Davis, American actress (d. 1997)

1926 – Willi Unsoeld, American climber (d. 1979)

1928 – Louise Fitzhugh, American author (d. 1974)

1929 – Fred Feast, English actor (d. 1999)

1929 – Richard F. Gordon, Jr., American astronaut

1929 – Bill Wirtz, American ice hockey executive (d. 2007)

1930 – Anne Haddy, Australian actress (d. 1999)

1930 – Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2009)

1930 – Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel laureate

1932 – Dean Prentice, Canadian ice hockey player

1932 – Michael John Rogers, English ornithologist (d. 2006)

1933 – Diane Cilento, Australian actress

1934 – Angelo Buono, Jr., American serial killer (d. 2002)

1934 – Kenneth D. Taylor, Canadian ambassador to Iran during the 1979 hostage crisis

1935 – Arlene Saunders, American soprano

1936 – Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic

1937 – Barry Switzer, American football coach

1938 – Teresa Heinz Kerry, American philanthropist

1939 – Marie Laforêt, French singer and actress

1939 – Marie-Claire Blais, French Canadian author and playwright

1939 – Consuelo Ynares-Santiago, Filipino Supreme Court jurist

1939 – Walter Wolf, Slovenian-born Canadian industrialist

1940 – Milena Dravić, Serbian actress

1940 – John Byrne Cooke, American novelist and photographer; son of Alistair Cooke

1940 – Thom Christopher, American actor

1941 – Eduardo Duhalde, President of Argentina

1942 – Richard Street, American singer (The Temptations)

1943 – Steve Miller, American musician (Steve Miller Band)

1943 – Ben Cardin, American politician, junior senator of Maryland

1945 – Brian Connolly, Scottish singer (Sweet) (d. 1997)

1945 – Geoff Leigh, English musician (Henry Cow)

1946 – Zahida Hina, Pakistani columnist

1946 – Jean Perron, Canadian ice hockey coach

1947 – Brian Johnson, English singer (AC/DC)

1948 – Carter Cornelius, American musician (Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose) (d. 1991)

1948 – Tawl Ross, American musician (P Funk)

1948 – Zoran Živković, Serbian writer

1949 – Ralph Goodale, Canadian politician

1949 – Bill James, American baseball writer

1949 – B. W. Stevenson, American singer (d. 1988)

1950 – Eddie Clarke, English guitarist (Motörhead, Fastway)

1950 – Jeff Conaway, American actor (d. 2011)

1950 – Edward P. Jones, American writer

1951 – Karen Allen, American actress

1951 – Bob Geldof, Irish singer (The Boomtown Rats) and activist

1952 – Clive Barker, English writer

1952 – Duncan Regehr, Canadian actor

1952 – Gigi Sabani, Italian TV host (d. 2007)

1955 – John Alexander, English former footballer

1955 – Jean-Jacques Lafon, French singer-songwriter

1955 – Caroline Loeb, French singer and actress

1955 – Ángela Molina, Spanish actress

1957 – Mark Geragos, American attorney

1957 – Lee Thompson, English saxophonist (Madness), vocalist

1957 – Bernie Mac, American actor and comedian (d. 2008)

1958 – André Kuipers, Dutch astronaut

1958 – Neil DeGrasse Tyson, American Astrophysicist

1959 – Maya Lin, American sculptor/architect

1960 – Daniel Baldwin, American actor

1960 – Careca, Brazilian footballer

1960 – David Kirk, New Zealand rugby union footballer

1960 – Evangelia Tzampazi, Greek politician

1961 – Sharon Cheslow, American musician, composer and artist

1961 – Matthew Kauffman, American journalist and George Polk Award winner

1962 – Michael Andretti, American race car driver

1962 – Thomas Herbst, German footballer

1962 – Caron Keating, British television personality (d. 2004)

1963 – Laura Davies, English golfer

1964 – Keiji Fujiwara, Japanese voice actor

1964 – Malik Saidullaev Chechen businessman

1964 – Warren E. Miller, Maryland politician

1965 – Trace Armstrong, American football player

1965 – Mario Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player

1965 – Patrick Roy, Canadian ice hockey player

1966 – Jan Verhaas, Dutch snooker referee

1966 – Dennis Byrd, American football player

1966 – Terri Runnels, Former Wrestling manager and valet

1967 – Rex Chapman, American basketball player

1967 – Guy Pearce, Anglo-Australian actor

1970 – Josie Bissett, American actress

1970 – Audie Pitre, bass guitarist (d. 1996)

1971 – South Park Mexican, American rapper

1971 – Mauricio Pellegrino, Argentine former footballer

1971 – Samuel Vincent, Canadian voice actor

1972 – Grant Hill, American basketball player

1972 – Thomas Roberts, American news anchor

1972 – Aaron Guiel, Canadian baseball outfielder

1974 – Heather Headley, Trinidadian singer

1974 – Rich Franklin, American Mixed Martial Artist

1974 – Colin Meloy, American singer (The Decemberists)

1974 – Alex Walkinshaw, English actor

1975 – Bobo Baldé, Guinean footballer

1975 – Parminder Nagra, English actress

1975 – Kate Winslet, English actress

1975 – Carson Ellis, American artist

1975 – Scott Weinger American actor

1976 – Song Seung-hun, South Korean actor

1976 – Royston Tan, Singaporean screenwriter & director

1976 – Ramzan Kadyrov, Chechen President

1976 – J. J. Yeley, American race car driver

1978 – Shane Ryan, Irish Gaelic footballer

1978 – Jesse Palmer, Canadian-born American football player

1978 – Morgan Webb, Canadian-born television presenter

1978 – James Valentine, American musician (Maroon 5)

1979 – Jaime Chambers, American television reporter

1979 – Vincenzo Grella, Australian footballer

1979 – Curtis Sanford, Canadian ice hockey player

1980 – James Toseland, British motorcycle racer

1981 – Kelvin Tan Wei Lian, Singaporean singer

1982 – Steve Williams, Australian-born German rugby player

1983 – Jesse Eisenberg, American actor

1983 – Nicky Hilton, American heiress

1983 – Mashrafe Mortaza, Bangladeshi cricketer

1983 – Noot Seear, Canadian fashion model and actress

1984 – Naima Adedapo, American Idol season 10 finalist

1984 – Tiana Benjamin, British actress

1984 – Kenwyne Jones, Trinidadian footballer

1985 – Nicola Roberts, English singer (Girls Aloud)

1986 – Mladen Bartulović, Croatian footballer

1987 – Kevin Mirallas, Belgian footballer

1987 – Javier Villa, Spanish racing driver

1988 – Bahar Kızıl, German Singer (Monrose)

1988 – Benny Howell, English cricketer

Deaths

578 – Justin II, Byzantine Emperor

1056 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1017)

1112 – Sigebert of Gembloux, French chronicler

1214 – King Alfonso VIII of Castile (b. 1155)

1285 – King Philip III of France (b. 1245)

1528 – Richard Foxe, English churchman

1540 – Helius Eobanus Hessus, German poet (b. 1488)

1564 – Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer

1565 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)

1606 – Philippe Desportes, French poet (b. 1546)

1714 – Kaibara Ekiken, Japanese philosopher (b. 1630)

1740 – Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar (b. 1721)

1777 – Johann Andreas Segner, Slovak and German mathematician, physicist, and physician (b. 1704)

1791 – Grigori Potemkin, Russian statesman (b. 1739)

1805 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (b. 1738)

1813 – Tecumseh, Shawnee leader (b. 1768)

1848 – Joseph Hormayr Freiherr zu Hortenburg, Austrian politician (b. 1781)

1861 – Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (b. 1778)

1880 – Jacques Offenbach, German-born composer (b. 1819)

1895 – Ralph Tollemache, British clergyman (b. 1826)

1913 – Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)

1918 – Roland Garros, French pilot (b. 1888)

1930 – Christopher Birdwood Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson, British military officer (b. 1875)

1933 – Renée Adorée, French actress (b. 1898)

1933 – Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich, Russian general (b. 1862)

1936 – J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (b. 1898)

1938 – Saint Faustina, Polish saint (b. 1905)

1940 – Ballington Booth, English-born American religious leader (b. 1857)

1940 – Lincoln Loy McCandless, American cattle rancher (b. 1859)

1940 – Silvestre Revueltas, Mexican musician (b. 1889)

1941 – Louis Dembitz Brandeis, American jurist (b. 1856)

1943 – Leon Roppolo, American musician (b. 1902)

1950 – Frederic Lewy, German neurologist (b. 1885)

1952 – Joe Jagersberger, Austrian racing driver (b. 1884)

1975 – Lady Constance Malleson, British actor and writer (b. 1895)

1976 – Lars Onsager, Norwegian chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1903)

1976 – Barbara Nichols, American actress (b. 1929)

1981 – Gloria Grahame, American actress (b. 1923)

1983 – Earl Tupper, American inventor (b. 1907)

1983 – Humberto Mauro, Brazilian film director and screenwriter (b. 1897)

1986 – Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (b. 1898)

1986 – James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (b. 1919)

1986 – Mike Burgmann, Australian racing driver (b. 1947)

1992 – Eddie Kendricks, American singer (The Temptations) (b. 1939)

1993 – Jim Holton, Scottish footballer (b. 1951)

1995 – Linda Gary, American voice actress (b. 1944)

1996 – Seymour Cray, American electrical engineer and supercomputer architect (b. 1925)

1997 – Brian Pillman, American professional wrestler (b. 1962)

2000 – Cătălin Hîldan, Romanian footballer (b. 1976)

2001 – Mike Mansfield, American politician (b. 1903)

2002 – Chuck Rayner, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1920)

2003 – Denis Quilley, English actor (b. 1927)

2003 – Dan Snyder, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1978)

2003 – Timothy Treadwell, American bear attack victim (b. 1957)

2004 – Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian (b. 1921)

2004 – Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1916)

2004 – William H. Dobelle, American biomedical engineer (b. 1941)

2006 – Jennifer Moss, English actress (b. 1945)

2006 – Antonio Peña, Mexican lucha libre promoter (b. 1953)

2007 – Justin Tuveri, Italian WWI veteran (b. 1898)

2009 – Mike Alexander, English bassist (Evile) (b. 1977)

2010 – Bernard Clavel, French novelist (b. 1923)

2010 – Mary Leona Gage, American beauty pageant winner and actress (b. 1939)

2010 – Steve Lee, Swiss musician and vocalist (Gotthard) (b. 1963)

Holidays and observances

Armed Forces Day (Indonesia)

Christian Feast Day:

*Faustyna Kowalska

*Blessed Francis Xavier Seelos (Roman Catholic Church)

*Thraseas

*Hor and Susia (Coptic Church)

*Placid and Maurus

*Placidus (martyr)

*October 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Constitution Day (Vanuatu)

One of the three Mundus patet (Roman Empire)

Republic Day (Portugal)

Teacher's Day (Pakistan)

World Teachers' Day (International)

External links

BBC: On This Day

On This Day in Canada

----

Category:Days of the year Category:October

af:5 Oktober ar:ملحق:5 أكتوبر an:5 d'octubre frp:5 octobro ast:5 d'ochobre az:5 oktyabr bn:অক্টোবর ৫ zh-min-nan:10 goe̍h 5 ji̍t be:5 кастрычніка be-x-old:5 кастрычніка bcl:Oktobre 5 bs:5. oktobar br:5 Here bg:5 октомври ca:5 d'octubre cv:Юпа, 5 ceb:Oktubre 5 cs:5. říjen co:5 uttrovi cy:5 Hydref da:5. oktober de:5. Oktober dv:އޮކްޓޫބަރު 5 et:5. oktoober el:5 Οκτωβρίου myv:Ожоковонь 5 чи es:5 de octubre eo:5-a de oktobro eu:Urriaren 5 fa:۵ اکتبر hif:5 October fo:5. oktober fr:5 octobre fy:5 oktober fur:5 di Otubar ga:5 Deireadh Fómhair gv:5 Jerrey Fouyir gd:5 an Damhair gl:5 de outubro gan:10月5號 gu:ઓક્ટોબર ૫ xal:Хулһн сарин 5 ko:10월 5일 hy:Հոկտեմբերի 5 hr:5. listopada io:5 di oktobro bpy:অক্টোবর ৫ id:5 Oktober ia:5 de octobre is:5. október it:5 ottobre he:5 באוקטובר jv:5 Oktober kl:Oktoberi 5 kn:ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೫ pam:Octubri 5 krc:5 октябрь ka:5 ოქტომბერი csb:5 rujana kk:Қазанның 5 sw:5 Oktoba kv:5 йирым ht:5 oktòb ku:5'ê kewçêrê la:5 Octobris lv:5. oktobris lb:5. Oktober lt:Spalio 5 li:5 oktober lmo:05 10 hu:Október 5. mk:5 октомври mg:5 Oktobra ml:ഒക്ടോബർ 5 mr:ऑक्टोबर ५ xmf:5 გჷმათუთა arz:5 اكتوبر ms:5 Oktober mn:10 сарын 5 nah:Tlamahtlācti 5 nl:5 oktober nds-nl:5 oktober ne:५ अक्टोबर new:अक्टोबर ५ ja:10月5日 nap:5 'e ottovre no:5. oktober nn:5. oktober nrm:5 Octobre nov:5 de oktobre oc:5 d'octobre mhr:5 Шыжа uz:5-oktabr pa:੫ ਅਕਤੂਬਰ pag:October 5 nds:5. Oktober pl:5 października pnt:5 Τρυγομηνά pt:5 de outubro ksh:5. Oktoober ro:5 octombrie qu:5 ñiqin kantaray killapi rue:5. октобер ru:5 октября sah:Алтынньы 5 se:Golggotmánu 5. sco:5 October sq:5 Tetor scn:5 di uttùviru simple:October 5 sk:5. október sl:5. oktober ckb:٥ی تشرینی یەکەم sr:5. октобар sh:5.10. su:5 Oktober fi:5. lokakuuta sv:5 oktober tl:Oktubre 5 ta:அக்டோபர் 5 tt:5 октябрь te:అక్టోబర్ 5 th:5 ตุลาคม tg:5 октябр tr:5 Ekim tk:5 oktýabr uk:5 жовтня ur:5 اکتوبر vec:5 de otobre vi:5 tháng 10 vo:Tobul 5 fiu-vro:5. rehekuu päiv wa:5 d' octôbe vls:5 oktober war:Oktubre 5 yo:5 October zh-yue:10月5號 bat-smg:Spalė 5 zh:10月5日

fullname	Taarak Mehta

Taarak Mehta is an Indian columnist/journalist best known for the column ''Duniya Ne Undha Chasma'' in Gujarati Language. The humorous weekly column first appeared in Chitralekha in March 1971 and ever since has been looking at contemporary issues from a different perspective. In 2008 SAB TV, a popular entertainment channel in India, started a show Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah that is based on the column. Taarak Mehta is against translating his column for the English-speaking readers. “Idioms lose meaning. My columns can be adapted but not translated,” he said in an interview to The Statesman newspaper in India.

Bibliography

Duniya ne Oondha Chashmah

Aa Duniya Panjarapole

Action Reply ½

Albelun America Vanthelun America

Bagicha Ni Hadvi Havama

Bahero Hase Be Vay...!

Champaklal Tapuni Jugalbandhi

Betaj Batali Baj Popatlal Taraj

Taarak mehta ka oolta chashmah

References

http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=26&id;=245516&usrsess;=1 publisher= The Statesman | accessdate=2009-04-20

http://www.glamsham.com/dramas/features/tarak_mehta.pdf - contains a lot of information about Tarak Mehta

Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

name	Christina Aguilera
background	solo_singer
birth name	Christina María Aguilera
alias	Xtina
birth date	December 18, 1980
birth place
origin
genre	Pop, R&B;, soul, dance
occupation	Singer-songwriter, record producer, dancer, television personality, actress
instrument	Vocals
years active	1993–present
label	RCA
website	}}

Christina María Aguilera (born December 18, 1980) is an American recording artist and actress. Aguilera first appeared on national television in 1990 as a contestant on the ''Star Search'' program, and went on to star in Disney Channel's television series ''The Mickey Mouse Club'' from 1993–1994. Aguilera signed to RCA Records after recording "Reflection", the theme song for the animated film ''Mulan'' (1998).

In 1999, Aguilera came to prominence following her debut album ''Christina Aguilera'', which was a commercial success spawning three number one singles on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100—"Genie in a Bottle", "What a Girl Wants", and "Come On Over Baby (All I Want Is You)." Her sophomore and her debut Latin-pop album, ''Mi Reflejo'' (2000), a Christmas third studio album, ''My Kind of Christmas'' (2000), and several collaborations followed which garnered Aguilera worldwide success, though she was displeased with her lack of input in her music and image. After parting from her management, Aguilera took creative control over her fourth studio album, ''Stripped'' (2002). The album's second single, "Beautiful," was a commercial success and helped the album's commercial performance amidst controversy over Aguilera's image. Aguilera followed up ''Stripped'' with the soul, jazz and blues inspired, ''Back to Basics'' (2006), released to positive critical acclaim. Four years later Aguilera released her sixth studio album, ''Bionic'' (2010), which incorporated aspects of R&B;, electropop, and synthpop and was met with mixed reviews and poor sales.

Aside from being known for her vocal ability, music videos and image, musically, she includes themes of dealing with public scrutiny, her childhood, and female empowerment in her music. Apart from her work in music, she has also dedicated much of her time as a philanthropist for charities, human rights and world issues which include her work as a UN ambassador for the World Food Programme. She made her feature film debut in the musical ''Burlesque'' (2010), earning Aguilera a Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Song. Aguilera's work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, four Grammy Awards and a Latin Grammy Award, amongst fifteen and three nominations respectively. ''Rolling Stone'' ranked her number fifty-eight on their list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, ranking as the youngest and only artist on the list under the age of thirty. She was ranked the 20th Artist of the 2000–09 decade by ''Billboard'' and is the second top selling single artist of the 2000s behind Madonna. Christina Aguilera has sold 50 million records worldwide making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.

Life and career

1980–98: Early life and career beginnings

Aguilera was born in Staten Island, New York, to Fausto Wagner Xavier Aguilera, a sergeant in the US Army at the time, and Shelly Loraine (née Fidler), a Spanish teacher. Aguilera's father was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador and her mother is of German, Irish, Welsh, and Dutch ancestry. Her father was stationed at Earnest Harmon Air Force Base in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador and Japan. Aguilera lived with both her father and mother, up until their divorce when she was seven years old. Aguilera then lived with her mother, and her younger sister Rachel, at her grandmother's home in Rochester, Pennsylvania, a town outside Pittsburgh. According to both Aguilera and her mother, her father was very controlling, as well as physically and emotionally abusive. In an interview with ''Rolling Stone'' Aguilera revealed, "there was so much domestic violence going on when I grew up with my dad travelling in the military. I think the reason that my drive was so strong and I was so passionate about music was because I grew up in an environment of domestic violence." She later sang about her difficult childhood in the songs "I'm OK" on ''Stripped'', and "Oh Mother" on ''Back to Basics''. Even though he has made several attempts to reconnect with her, Aguilera ruled out any chance of a reunion. Since then, her mother has married a paramedic named Jim Kearns, and has changed her name.

As a child, Aguilera aspired to be a singer. She was known locally as "the little girl with the big voice", singing in local talent shows and competitions. She attended Marshall Middle School near Wexford and North Allegheny Intermediate High School. On March 15, 1990, she appeared on ''Star Search'' singing "A Sunday Kind of Love", but lost the competition at number 2. Soon after losing on ''Star Search'', she returned home and appeared on Pittsburgh's KDKA-TV's ''Wake Up With Larry Richert'' to perform the same song. Throughout her youth in Pittsburgh, Aguilera sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" before Pittsburgh Penguins hockey, Pittsburgh Steelers football and Pittsburgh Pirates baseball games, including during the 1992 Stanley Cup Finals. Her talent was kept a secret to avoid bullying of other children. Following her television appearances Aguilera experienced resentment and bullying including an incident in which her peers slashed the tires on her family's car. Following several incidents Aguilera was later home schooled. Aguilera recalls, "doing what I did and maybe being a little smaller, I was definitely picked on and bullied for the attention that I got. It was definitely unwanted attention and there was a lot of unfairness about it."

In 1991 Aguilera auditioned for a role on ''The Mickey Mouse Club''; however, she did not meet the age requirements. Two years later, she joined the cast, performing musical numbers and sketch comedy, until the show's cancellation in 1994. Her co-stars included Justin Timberlake, Britney Spears, Ryan Gosling and Keri Russell where they nicknamed her "the Diva" for her performance style and voice. At the age of fourteen, Aguilera recorded her first song, "All I Wanna Do", a hit duet with Japanese singer Keizo Nakanishi. In 1997, she represented the United States at the international Golden Stag Festival with a two-song set. Aguilera entered talent contests on "teen night" at the Pegasus Lounge, a gay and lesbian nightclub in Pittsburgh and later at Lilith Fair. In 1998, Aguilera sent in a demo of her singing Whitney Houston's "Run to You" to Disney who were looking for a singer to record the song "Reflection" for their animated feature film ''Mulan'' (1998). The demo caught the attention of producer and label executive Ron Fair who would later mentor her throughout her career and led to Aguilera earning a contract with RCA Records the same week. and over seventeen million copies worldwide. The album is also included in the Top 100 Albums of All Time list of The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) based on US sales. Released during the teen pop era of 1999 the album was well received by several critics, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of ''AllMusic'' writes that Aguilera's debut "remains firmly within the teen-oriented dance-pop genre, but done right." Concluding that the album is "lightweight in the best possible sense – breezy, fun, engaging, and enjoyable on each repeated listen. Out of the deluge of teen-pop albums in 1999, this feels like the best of the lot." Her debut single, "Genie in a Bottle" was an instant hit reaching No.1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and in several countries worldwide. Her follow-up singles "What a Girl Wants" and "Come On Over Baby (All I Want Is You)" topped the Hot 100 as well during 1999 and 2000 while "I Turn to You" reached number three. She is one of the few artists to have multiple No.1 singles from a debut album in ''Billboard'''s history. She made a cameo appearance on an episode of ''Beverly Hills, 90210'', performed on MTV's New Year's Special as MTV's first artist of the millennium, and the Super Bowl XXXIV halftime show. Aguilera wanted to display the range and audacity in her voice during the promotion of the album, and performed acoustic sets and appeared on television shows accompanied only by a piano. At the 42nd Grammy Awards Aguilera received a Best Female Pop Vocal Performance Grammy nomination for "Genie in a Bottle" and despite earlier predictions, she won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

In 2000, Aguilera began recording her first Spanish-language album with producer Rudy Pérez in Miami. Later in 2000, Aguilera, first emphasized her Latin heritage by releasing her first Spanish album, ''Mi Reflejo'' on September 12, 2000. This album contained Spanish versions of songs from her English debut as well as new Spanish tracks. Though some criticized Aguilera for trying to cash in on the Latin music boom at the time. According to Pérez, Aguilera was only semi-fluent, while recording. She understood the language, because she has grown up with her father, who is a native of Ecuador. He added "Her Latin roots are undeniable". The album peaked at number twenty-seven on the ''Billboard'' 200 and went number one on the ''Billboard'' Latin charts for a record 20 weeks. In 2001, it won Aguilera a Latin Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album. The album went Gold in the U.S. She also won the World Music Award and ''Billboard'' award as the best selling Latin artist that year. Aguilera also released a Christmas album on October 24, 2000 called ''My Kind of Christmas'' and performed "The Christmas Song" at the White House that year. It peaked at number twenty-eight on the ''Billboard'' 200, and has been certified Platinum in the U.S. Aguilera was ''Billboard'''s top female artist for 2000.

Aguilera's first concert tour, Sears & Levis US Tour (also known as "Christina Aguilera: In Concert") began in the summer of 2000 in the US and ended early 2001 where she toured South America and Asia. A concert special aired on ABC titled ''My Reflection'' and was released to DVD and certified Gold in the US. Aguilera was rumored to have dated MTV VJ Carson Daly. Rumors of their relationship were fueled after the release of Eminem's song, "The Real Slim Shady" in which he also insinuated a romance between her and rocker Fred Durst. Aguilera responded saying the lyrics were "disgusting, offensive and, above all, not true." Their feud ended two years later backstage at the Video Music Awards after Aguilera presented the rapper an award onstage. She dated Puerto Rican dancer Jorge Santos. Santos appeared on her tour and music videos throughout 2000. They dated for nearly two years until the relationship ended on September 11, 2001. He remained her dancer well into 2002.

Ricky Martin asked Aguilera to duet with him on the track "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely" from his album ''Sound Loaded''; released in 2001 as the album's second single. The single reached number one on the World Chart and top ten in several countries. In 2001, Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mýa, and Pink were chosen to remake Labelle's 1975 single "Lady Marmalade" for the film ''Moulin Rouge!'' and its soundtrack. The song peaked at number-one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for five weeks and was the most successful airplay-only single in history. It also reached number one in eleven other countries and earned all four performers a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Aguilera's appearance in the music video was compared to that of Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider. The video won two MTV Video Music Awards including Video of the Year in 2001, where Aguilera accepted the award saying, "I guess the big hair paid off."

That same year, the single "Just Be Free" emerged into record stores which was one of the demos Aguilera recorded when she was around fifteen years old. When RCA Records discovered the single, they advised fans not to purchase it. Months later, Warlock Records was set to release ''Just Be Free'', an album which contains the demo tracks. Aguilera filed a breach of contract and unfair competition suit against Warlock and the album's producers to block the release. Instead, the two parties came to a settlement to release the album. Aguilera lent out her name, likeness and image for an unspecified amount of damages. Many of the details of the lawsuit remain confidential. When the album was released in August 2001, it had a photograph of Aguilera when she was fifteen years old.

Although Aguilera's debut album was commercially successful, she was dissatisfied with the music and image her management had created for her. Aguilera was marketed as a bubblegum pop singer because of the genre's upward financial trend. She mentioned plans of her next album to have much more depth, both musically and lyrically. Aguilera's views of Steve Kurtz's influence in matters of the singer's creative direction, the role of being her exclusive personal manager and overscheduling had in part caused her to seek legal means of terminating their management contract. In October 2000, Aguilera filed a breach of fiduciary duty lawsuit against her manager Kurtz for improper, undue and inappropriate influence over her professional activities, as well as fraud. According to legal documents, Kurtz did not protect her rights and interests. Instead, he took action that was for his own interest, at the cost of hers. The lawsuit came about when Aguilera discovered Kurtz used more of her commissionable income than he was allotted, and had paid other managers to assist him. She also petitioned the California State Labor Commission to nullify the contract. She revealed while recording her then upcoming album, "I was being overworked. You find out that someone you thought was a friend is stealing money behind your back, and it's heartbreaking. I put faith in the people around me, and unfortunately, it bit me in the butt." Kurtz was terminated as her manager. After terminating Kurtz's services, Irving Azoff was hired as her new manager. Kurtz countersued later that month for breach of contract, claiming that the singer violated the same agreement she had sued to void. In the lawsuit, he included others close to Aguilera, alleging their intent to sabotage his business relationship with her. He also singled out Azoff for being in violation of the terms of Kurtz's contract.

2002–05: New image, ''Stripped'' and marriage

On October 29, 2002, Aguilera's fourth studio album, ''Stripped'', was released. The album sold more than 330,000 copies in the first week and peaked at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200. Unlike her previous work, the album showcased Aguilera's raunchier side. The majority of ''Stripped'' was co-written by Aguilera (who had recently signed a global music publishing contract with BMG Music Publishing), and was influenced by many different subjects and music styles, including contemporary R&B;, gospel, soul, balladry, pop rock, and hip hop. The majority of the album was produced by Scott Storch and singer-songwriter Linda Perry who produced her more personal records. Rockwilder and singer Alicia Keys also contributed a track each. Upon initial release, the album was very well-received by critics, although Aguilera's vocals were overlooked as she began to cultivate a more sexually provocative image. After the release of the album, she took part in photoshoots for magazines, many of these photographs featured her nude or semi-nude. Her cover for ''Rolling Stone'', featured the singer only wearing boots and a well-placed electric guitar. It was during this time Aguilera referred to herself as "Xtina", even getting a tattoo of her nickname on the back of her neck and several piercings.

Initially, the raunchy image had a negative effect on Aguilera in the U.S., especially after the release of her controversial "Dirrty" music video. It appeared at number ten on ''Billboard'''s year-end album chart and Aguilera was the top female artist for 2003. Kelly Clarkson's second single "Miss Independent" was co-written by Aguilera, having been half-finished for ''Stripped''.

Aguilera joined Justin Timberlake that June on the final leg of his international ''Justified'' tour, held in the US. This portion of the tour became a co-headliner called the Justified/Stripped Tour. In August, an overhead lighting grid collapsed from the ceiling of the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, causing major damage to the sound and video equipment below. Because the collapse occurred hours before the show, only a few stagehands were injured, but a few shows were cancelled or postponed. In the fourth quarter of that year, Aguilera continued to tour internationally without Timberlake, and changed the name of the tour to the Stripped World Tour. She also dyed her hair black. It was one of the top-grossing tours of that year, and sold out most of its venues. ''Rolling Stone'' readers named it the best tour of the year. That same year she hosted the 2003 MTV Europe Music Awards and was a special guest performer with the Pussycat Dolls' dance troupe performing at the Roxy Theatre and Viper Room in Los Angeles. She also appeared on a ''Maxim'' spread alongside them, her second ''Maxim'' cover that year set record sales for the issue making it the top selling issue to date. By the end of the year she topped the annual ''Hot 100'' list saying, "we had fun working with certain clothes, or the lack thereof."

Aguilera's first DVD live-recording from a concert tour, ''Stripped Live in the U.K.'', was released in November 2004. In light of the tour's success, another U.S. tour was scheduled to begin in mid-2004 with a new theme. The tour however was scrapped because of the vocal cord injuries Aguilera suffered shortly before the tour's opening date. In a tribute to Madonna's performance at the inaugural MTV Video Music Awards, Aguilera performed a kiss with the singer-actress at the 2003 edition of the ceremony in August. The incident occurred during the opening performance of Madonna's songs "Like a Virgin" and "Hollywood" with fellow popstar Britney Spears. Also in 2004, she hosted a ''Saturday Night Live'' episode which included a ''Sex & The City'' skit where she portrayed Samantha Jones revealing to everyone she was a man the entire time.

Aguilera later decided to embrace a more mature image; this move was met with more praise than criticism, with articles using punch lines such as "From Crass to Class." She eventually dyed her hair cherry blonde and recorded a jingle, "Hello", for a Mercedes-Benz ad. Shortly after, she dyed her hair flaxen blonde and cut it short, and took on a Marilyn Monroe look; she is one of the main proponents (along with Dita Von Teese, Gwen Stefani, and Ashley Judd) in bringing back the 1920s–1940s Hollywood glamour look. In late summer 2004, Aguilera released two singles. The first, "Car Wash", was a remake of the Rose Royce disco song recorded as a collaboration with rapper Missy Elliott for the soundtrack to the film ''Shark Tale''. She voiced a small singing part in the film playing a Rastafarian jellyfish in the film's closing musical number. The second song was also a collaboration, but this time as a second single from one of Nelly's double-release albums, ''Sweat'', titled "Tilt Ya Head Back". Both singles failed commercially in the US, but did considerably better in other parts of the world. Aguilera collaborated with jazz artist Herbie Hancock on a cover of Leon Russell's "A Song for You" recorded for Hancock's album ''Possibilities'', released in August 2005. Aguilera and Hancock were later nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. She helped open the 50th Anniversary for Disneyland performing "When You Wish upon a Star", and she also collaborated with Andrea Bocelli on the song "Somos Novios" for his album ''Amore''. Aguilera began dating music marketing executive Jordan Bratman in 2002. Their engagement was announced in February 2005, and they married on November 19, 2005, in a Napa Valley estate.

2006–09: ''Back to Basics'', motherhood and greatest hits album

Aguilera's fifth studio album, ''Back to Basics'' was released August 15, 2006. The album debuted at No.1 in the US, the UK and eleven other countries. Aguilera described the double CD as "a throwback to the 20s, 30s, and 40s-style jazz, blues, and feel-good soul music, but with a modern twist." The album received generally positive reviews, although many critics commented on the album's length saying, "At one disc, this would have been nothing short of masterful." A review in ''AllMusic'' adds, "''Back to Basics'' also makes clear that ''Stripped'' was a necessary artistic move for Christina: she needed to get that out of her system in order to create her own style, one that is self-consciously stylized, stylish, and sexy." The critically acclaimed lead single "Ain't No Other Man" was a substantial success, reaching No.2 on the World Chart, No.6 in the US, and No.2 in the UK. Producers on the album included DJ Premier, Kwamé, Linda Perry, and Mark Ronson. The follow-up singles did very well in different regions, "Hurt" in Europe and "Candyman" in the Pacific. She co-directed both music videos, the former with Floria Sigismondi who directed her "Fighter" video, and the latter, "Candyman", with director/photographer Matthew Rolston which was inspired by The Andrews Sisters. ''Back to Basics'' has sold 4.5 million units worldwide, with over 1.7 million sold in the US.

In late 2006 Aguilera collaborated with Sean "Diddy" Combs on a track, titled "Tell Me", from his album ''Press Play''. She also began the Back to Basics Tour in Europe followed by a 41-date North American tour in early 2007. After this, she toured Asia and Australia, where it was supposed to end on August 3, however she canceled her dates in Melbourne and her final two in Auckland due to an illness. Her extravagant arena tour included cabaret, three-ring circus and juke joint sets and 10 piece costumes designed by Roberto Cavalli. She released her concert DVD ''Back to Basics: Live and Down Under'' the following year. The tour grossed nearly 50 million by the end of the year in North America and an additional 40 million worldwide in her Europe and Australia dates, grossing almost 90 million by the end of the tour. It was the most successful US tour by a female in 2007.

At the 49th Grammy Awards, Aguilera again won the Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Ain't No Other Man". She made a noteworthy performance at the ceremony paying tribute to James Brown with her rendition of his song "It's a Man's Man's Man's World". In January 2007, she was named the 19th richest woman in entertainment by ''Forbes'', with a net worth of US$60 million. Aguilera performed "Steppin' Out With My Baby" with Tony Bennett on his NBC special ''Tony Bennett: An American Classic'' and on ''Saturday Night Live''. They performed at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards where both specials received Emmys. "Steppin' Out" was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards.

Aguilera confirmed she was pregnant on November 4, 2007, though Paris Hilton accidentally revealed her pregnancy several weeks prior during a party Aguilera hosted. She gave birth to her son, Max Liron Bratman, in Los Angeles early the following year and held a bris for him with Bratman, who is of Jewish descent, where the baby was circumcised in accordance with Jewish practice. Aguilera was reportedly paid $1.5 million by ''People'' for her son's baby pictures—the sixth most expensive celebrity baby photos ever taken.

In 2008 Aguilera appeared in the Martin Scorsese documentary ''Shine a Light'' which chronicles a two day Rolling Stones concert in New York City's Beacon Theatre. The film features Aguilera performing "Live With Me" alongside Mick Jagger. ''Shine a Light'' premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and was released worldwide on April 4, 2008. She also had brief cameo in the comedy film ''Get Him to the Greek'', and appeared as a guest judge on the sixth season of ''Project Runway'' on Lifetime Television. She and designer Bob Mackie were the inspiration for the challenge in which they had to design a stage outfit for Aguilera. To commemorate Aguilera's ten years in the music industry, RCA Records released, ''Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits'' on November 11, 2008 exclusively at Target stores in the US. The greatest hits included her first three number one singles, and other songs released from her previous three albums. "Lady Marmalade" and several Spanish singles from ''Mi Reflejo'' were included in the worldwide releases. The album's only single, "Keeps Gettin' Better", was premiered at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, and debuted and peaked at No.7 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, her highest debut on the chart. Following the greatest hits, Aguilera took over a year hiatus in 2009 working on her then upcoming album and film. She was one of ''Billboard'''s Top 20 Artists of the Decade in their year-end charts.

2010–present: ''Bionic'', ''Burlesque'' and ''The Voice''

Aguilera's sixth studio album ''Bionic'' was released on June 8, 2010. The album's producers included Tricky Stewart, Samuel Dixon, Polow da Don, Le Tigre, Switch, Ester Dean, songwriters Sam Endicott, Sia Furler, Claude Kelly, Linda Perry and collaborations with M.I.A., Santigold, Nicki Minaj, and Peaches. The album's only two singles, "Not Myself Tonight" and "You Lost Me" peaked at No.1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot Dance Club Play Charts but were unsuccessful elsewhere. ''Bionic'''s material consisted of many mainstream and pop records along with electronic and dance music. The album was released to mixed reviews from music critics, with Jon Pareles of ''The New York Times'' writing that the singer's new music direction "makes her sound as peer-pressured as a pop singer can be." Allison Stewart of ''The Washington Post'' described the album as being "noisy, robotic and overstuffed" adding that the disc's "greatest disappointments" is its "virtual abandonment" of Aguilera's voice. She concluded that Aguilera attempts "to do it all," which was to try to "revel in her newfound domesticity, to wrest her crown from Gaga and to reestablish her sex kitten bona fides." Dan Martin of the ''NME'' wrote, "Perhaps best of all is ‘Monday Morning.' Written with Santigold and The Bravery’s Sam Endicott, it’s a Day-Glo disco jam that sounds like Gwen Stefani doing "Borderline". Sales of ''Bionic'' were underwhelming in the US compared to her previous releases selling 110,000 copies in its first week landing at #3. The album has sold 280,000 units in the US to date. Shortly after the album's release, further promotion ended and a scheduled summer tour for the album was cancelled due to "inadequate rehearsal time". "You Lost Me" was her first single to not chart the Hot 100 while ''Bionic'' was her first English studio album not to receive a Grammy nomination. Aguilera later responded in an interview saying, "I was really proud of that record. I think there was a lot of promotion issues, coming from a standpoint of how everything resulted. Nothing is ever a setback. If anything, it just motivates you for what’s next."

Aguilera confirmed news reports that she and Bratman had separated, saying in a statement, "Although Jordan and I are separated, our commitment to our son Max remains as strong as ever." Aguilera filed for divorce from Bratman on October 14, 2010, seeking joint legal and physical custody of their son, and specifying September 11, 2010 as the date of separation. They later reached a settlement agreement and custody deal, details of their agreement were private. Their divorce was finalized on April 15, 2011. The following month, Aguilera appeared as herself on the ''Entourage'' season seven finale as a client/friend of Ari Gold. On November 15, 2010, Aguilera received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

It was confirmed in 2009 that Aguilera would appear in her first feature film, the musical ''Burlesque'', released in November 2010. She portrayed a small town girl, Ali Rose, who finds love and success in a Los Angeles neo-burlesque club. Aguilera performed eight of the musical numbers on the film's soundtrack released on November 22, 2010 and co-wrote a number of the tracks working with producers and writers including Tricky Stewart, Sia Furler, Samuel Dixon, Linda Perry, Claude Kelly, Danja, and Ron Fair. The remaining two tracks were sung by Cher, who co-starred alongside Aguilera. Distributed by Screen Gems, the film was directed Steve Antin who also wrote the script. Antin wrote the role of Ali specifically for Aguilera. Aguilera's co-stars also included Cam Gigandet as her love interest, Eric Dane, Kristen Bell and Stanley Tucci. Several critics praised Aguilera's performance. A review in ''TIME'' states, "Aguilera might not be to your taste, or mine, but in terms of sheer power, she's impressive. If Ali were real, she'd have already been discovered on ''American Idol''." While ''Variety'' wrote, "Aguilera, while undeniably entertaining when her character is onstage, cannot spin the slight backstory into anything resembling a full-blooded person." Though ''Burlesque'' was released to mixed reviews from critics, the film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Picture – Musical or Comedy and earned Aguilera, alongside co-writer Sia Furler and writer/producer Samuel Dixon, a nomination for Best Original Song for the track "Bound to You". ''Burlesque'' has grossed over $90 million worldwide.

Following the release of ''Burlesque'', Aguilera collaborated with rapper T.I. on the track, "Castle Walls" which is included on his album ''No Mercy''. Aguilera performed the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner", during the Super Bowl XLV on February 6, 2011 and created embarrassment when she omitted a line of the anthem and messed up the song's lyrics. She later apologized, telling CNN that "I got so caught up in the moment of the song that I lost my place. I can only hope that everyone could feel my love for this country and that the true spirit of its anthem still came through." The following week, Aguilera, alongside Jennifer Hudson, Martina McBride, Yolanda Adams, and Florence Welch opened the 53rd Grammy Awards paying tribute to Aretha Franklin.

Aguilera began dating musician and production assistant, Matt Rutler who she met during the filming of ''Burlesque''. Her personal life was the subject of scrutiny and reports over out of control behavior, excessive drinking and a reported confrontation with her co-star Julianne Hough. On March 1, 2011, Aguilera was arrested for public intoxication in West Hollywood as her boyfriend was arrested for DWI. She was later released on bail and no charges were filed. Although the L.A. Sheriff's office stated Aguilera's mug shot would not be released to the public, ''E! News'' obtained the mug shot which circulated social networks and the media shortly after her release. Rutler's DWI charge was dismissed due to insufficient evidence, after his BAC at the time of arrest was determined to be at .06%, below the legal limit in the state of California.

Aguilera signed to be a part of the John de Mol created singing competition ''The Voice'' which debuted on NBC in April. Aguilera, alongside other musicians Adam Levine, Blake Shelton and Cee Lo Green serve as judges and coaches, with Carson Daly as the show's host. The show's first episode was released to positive reviews making its debut at number one on the American rating list chart, delivering the strongest ratings for a series premiere on a major network since ''Undercover Boss'' debuted after the Super Bowl in February 2010. The show became an instant hit for NBC following the its debut. Aguilera performed "Moves Like Jagger" on ''The Voice'' – the single with Maroon 5 on which she is featured, off their album, ''Hands All Over (Deluxe Edition)''. The song was an instant hit reaching No.3 in the UK, No.1 on the World Chart and earned Aguilera her fifth No.1 single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, a decade after her last No.1, "Lady Marmalade". This also marks the first time two former Best New Artist Grammy Award winners have collaborated on a Hot 100 hit.

In May 2011, Aguilera stated that she is recording a new studio album in an interview at ''Live with Regis and Kelly''. Aguilera told RTL: "It's going to be a very heartfelt, deep-rooted and introspective record for me" and that she's hoping for release in spring/summer 2012.

Artistry

Vocal ability

Aguilera is said to have the vocal range of a soprano, and has been referred to as the "voice of her generation" and a blue eyed soul singer. Aguilera also topped COVE's list of the 100 Best Pop Vocalists with a score of 50/50 and came fifth in MTV's 22 Greatest Voices in Music. Her rendition of "It's A Man's Man's Man's World" at the 49th Grammy Awards ranked third in the Grammy's Greatest Moments List behind Celine Dion's performance of "My Heart Will Go On" and Green Day's performance of "American Idiot". In an interview, Dion described Aguilera as "probably the best vocalist in the world." ''Rolling Stone'' ranked Aguilera at 58 on their list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, the youngest singer on the list.

Describing Aguilera's voice, singing teachers Phyllis Fulford and Michael Mailler said, "The low register is light and tired, the belting register is ample and full, but very scratchy because she screams; and head voice as well as whistle register are light, pure and bright. Her vocal range extends from G below middle C to C one octave above soprano high C (G₃ – C₇). She can belt to F one octave and a third above middle C (F₅). She possesses a good-sized technical arsenal. Her trill is solid, she has a big mastery of melismas, and can sustain very long notes." ''Los Angeles Times'' writer Margaret Wappler adds Aguilera can deliver "a well-executed legato." However, countertenor Philippe Jaroussky said: "She has no breath support and often sing out of tune. People say she can cover four octave, but it's not true because below A3, the low notes are forced, unsupported, her belting voice is throaty and forced and for her highest notes she doesn't use head voice but falsetto or whistle register, they are disconnected registers. So, she can hit good notes only from A3 to B4. Her melismas are always show-off, they are almost never connected with the rhythm and the structure of the songs."

Since her debut in 1999 Aguilera has been compared to the likes of Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston. David Browne of ''The New York Times'' writes, "Aguilera has been one of the foremost practitioners of the overpowering, Category 5 vocal style known as melisma. Ms. Carey, Ms. Houston and Ms. Aguilera, to name its three main champions, are most associated with the period from the late ’80s through the late ’90s." A review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' compared Aguilera's vocal stylings to Barbra Streisand, Gladys Knight, and Aretha Franklin adding, "Aguilera's Streisand-esque tendencies are a good thing; they're helping her figure out how to become the "great singer" she's been dubbed since she released her first single, the wise-beyond-its-years "Genie in a Bottle", at 18." Although praised for her vocals, Aguilera has been labeled for oversinging in her songs and concerts. Longtime producer and writer, Linda Perry, commented on working on the record, "Beautiful", saying, "I tried to keep it straight. I told her to get rid of the finger waves. Every time she'd start going into "hoo-ha", I'd stop the tape. I'm like, 'You're doing it again.'" Perry ended up using the first take saying, "She had a hard time accepting that as the final track. It's not a perfect vocal – it's very raw. She knows her voice really well, and she knows what's going on. She can hear things that nobody else would catch."

Themes and musical style

The constant theme in Aguilera's music and lyrics is love, although she has written on other subjects including spirituality, female empowerment, and grief. Aguilera has also written about her childhood in two of her records which dealt with domestic abuse. In an interview Aguilera admitted she feels responsible to reveal her most vulnerable feelings and to share the darker sides of her life adding "People that can relate might not feel as alone in the circumstance." She has been noted to constantly changing her sound in her music and lyrical content. Originally marketed as a bubblegum pop singer during the late 90s pop scene, she quickly departed into a broad range of musical genres for her follow-up album ''Stripped''. A review states, "Clearly afflicted with Premature Serious Artist Syndrome, Aguilera wants to demonstrate the range of her interests – vampy soul, quasi-metal, piano-bar intimacy, quiet-storm R&B;, bounce-bounce hip-hop, and semi-exotic rock, all of it dutifully accomplished."

The majority of the songs are characterized by Aguilera's loud vocals, though she has used breathy and soft vocals. Her 2006 release, ''Back to Basics'' included producer DJ Premier. ''The New York Times'' exclaims, "Her decision to work with the low-key DJ Premier was also a decision to snub some of the big-name producers on whom pop stars often rely." Aguilera has often cited that she prefers working with producers that are not in popular demand, saying "I don't necessarily go to the main people that are the No. 1 chart-toppers in music." The album included live instrumentation and samples of past jazz and soul records. Some tracks on the album included non-traditional forms of pop music such as swing jazz and big band, drawing comparisons to Madonna's ''I'm Breathless'' and the musical film ''Cabaret''. Her first feature film, ''Burlesque'', influenced by ''Cabaret'', featured mainstream producers Tricky Stewart and Danja on the soundtrack where several established songs were updated and worked into dance numbers, a style similar to 2001's ''Moulin Rouge!'' "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" was performed by Aguilera in the film, a musical number also performed by Nicole Kidman in ''Moulin Rouge!''

Influences

One of Aguilera's major influences and idol is blues singer Etta James, whose classic song "At Last" has been covered by Aguilera throughout her career. Aguilera says, "Etta is my all-time favorite singer. I've said it for the last seven years – since I had my first debut record out – in every interview. I mean, all of Etta's old songs, countless songs I could name, I grew up listening to." The majority of her album, ''Back to Basics'', pays tribute to James and other pop standard singers who many originated from the 1950s. In her early years she listened to vintage jazz, blues, and soul music. The album included an unreleased song, "Slow Down Baby", which sampled a Gladys Knight & the Pips song. A review in ''The Guardian'' declared, "Practically everything recorded before Aguilera was born blurs into one amorphous genre, which she categorises, somewhat inadequately, as "fun music". Aguilera has also named Madonna and Janet Jackson as two of her biggest influences "for being re-inventive and being brave as strong females, to explore whatever, even if they do get bad press. It's just like they were fearless." Her other musical influences include Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston, and Nina Simone.

Aguilera cites the musical ''The Sound of Music'' and its lead actress, Julie Andrews as an early inspiration for singing and performing. She mentioned the "Golden age of Hollywood" as another inspiration in which she says, "I'm referencing Marlene Dietrich, Marilyn Monroe, Carole Lombard, Greta Garbo, Veronica Lake". Ironically, her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is located near Julie Andrews and is next to Greta Garbo. In her music video for "Ain't No Other Man" she plays her alter ego, "Baby Jane" in reference to the film ''Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?''. The film's stars included actresses Bette Davis and Joan Crawford. The third single off ''Back to Basics'', "Candyman" was inspired by the 1941 song, "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" by The Andrews Sisters which was played during World War II. She was also inspired by pin-up girls and several paintings by Alberto Vargas. Aguilera has expressed interest in cultural icons Nico, Blondie and artists Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol. She has often worked with photographer and close friend, David LaChapelle who once worked with Warhol. Chapelle has shot many of Aguilera's music videos, magazine shoots and advertisements. She is also a fan of graffiti artist Banksy. In 2006 she purchased three of Banksy's works during a private art exhibition, one of them included a pornographic picture of Queen Victoria in a lesbian pose with a prostitute. She has mentioned in several interviews that she is a fan of actress Angelina Jolie, and her ''Burlesque'' co-star, Cher. Fashion has also been a part of Aguilera's music career and image which she has used as a form of expression during performances and music videos. In 2003 she became the muse and inspiration for Donatella Versace's 2003 fall line. Versace also designed pieces her tour the following year. Aguilera is also a fan of Roberto Cavalli, John Galliano, Marc Jacobs, and Alexander McQueen whose designs she has worn throughout her career.

Other ventures

In 2000, Aguilera was the face for make-up line ''Fetish'' where she worked in choosing colors and packaging for the line. She ended her contract the following year. Throughout her career Aguilera has endorsed several brands, including Skechers, Mercedes-Benz, Verizon Wireless, and soft drink giants Coca-Cola in 2001, and Pepsi in 2006. She became the muse and model for fashion house Versace appearing in a campaign for the 2003 fall line. In 2004 Aguilera earned £200,000GBP (about $300,000USD) for opening the summer sale at London's Harrods store which took in record breaking profits during the four week period. In 2005 she was reportedly paid $3.6 million to sing a three song set for Russian billionaire Andrey Melnichenko's wedding. Aguilera signed a contract with European cell phone operator Orange to promote the new Sony Ericsson Walkman phone during the 2006 World Cup. In 2010, Aguilera was paid $1 million by investor, Charles Brandes to perform at a private party.

In 2008 jewelry designer Stephen Webster and close friend of Aguilera released "Shattered", a collection of sterling silver pieces, through Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman. Aguilera, who inspired the collection, was featured as a Hitchcock heroine saying, "Working together on this campaign and collection has been an incredible experience. I am honored to be a part of it all." They reprised their work together for Webster's 2009 spring line. In 2011, Aguilera attended São Paulo Fashion Week to premiere her new line of clothing for Brazilian department store C&A; which launched in April.

Aguilera released two fragrances throughout Europe, the first one ''Xpose'', was released in late 2004 and sold relatively well. Through Procter and Gamble Aguilera released her signature fragrance, ''Simply Christina'' in 2007. In Christmas 2007, the fragrance became the number one perfume in the UK, and later in 2009 it became the 4th best selling perfume in the UK, and Germany where it topped sales for the year. The perfume won as the people's choice for favorite celebrity fragrance at the annual UK Fifi Awards 2008. She released her third fragrance, ''Inspire'', accompanied with a body care collection, on September 1, 2008. The perfume hit shelves in the US, Canada, Latin America, Asia and Northern and Eastern Europe. It was Aguilera's first fragrance released outside of Europe. Her worldwide ad campaign included a television ad shot by David LaChapelle and was released in the US through Macy's department stores. The release coincided with Macy's 150th anniversary which featured Aguilera in commemorative photos. She released her fourth fragrance ''By Night'' in October, which became the third best selling fragrance in the UK in 2009. Both “By Day“ and “By Night“ were nomitated for Best Perfume of the Year in the Broad Appeal category at the FIFI Awards 2011. In 2010 the range was further augmented by ''Royal Desire'' her fifth fragrance, which won a 2011 Glammy Award for best perfume by German magazine ''Glamour''. Aguilera announced she will be releasing a sixth fragrance later this year, ''Secret Potion''.

Philanthropy

Throughout her career, Aguilera has been involved with several charities. She signed a letter from PETA to the South Korean government asking that the country stop its alleged killing of dogs for food. During her 2007 tour she unknowingly wore a fur stole during the beginning of her tour, which designer Roberto Cavalli provided without informing Aguilera. After receiving a video from PETA Vice President Dan Mathews on the treatment of foxes, she replaced the stole with faux fur for the remainder of her tour. Aguilera was reportedly upset adding, "I only ever wear fake fur". In 2010 Aguilera auctioned off tickets for her upcoming tour for Christie's A Bid to Save the Earth. Proceeds benefit nonprofit environmental groups Conservation International, Oceana, Natural Resources Defense Council, and The Central Park Conservancy. Aguilera also supports Defenders of Wildlife, Missing Kids, National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations, Women's Cancer Research Fund, and Cedars-Sinai Women's Cancer Research Institute. She has also worked alongside nonprofit organization Do Something saying, "Every individual has the power to inspire young people across the country." In 2010 she was nominated for a VH1 Do Something Award for her work with the organization and her efforts in the response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. She was featured in the campaign for photographer, Brie Childers with the goal of helping women of all ages, races and lifestyles feel beautiful and confident about themselves and the body and skin they were born with. Proceeds from benefit several women's charities nationwide. Aguilera is still a major contributor in her hometown of Pittsburgh contributing regularly to the Women's Center & Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh. According to her official website, she toured the center and donated $200,000 to the shelter. She also has auctioned off front row seats and back stage passes for the Pittsburgh-based charity. She has continued her donations and visits to the shelter, and plans to open an additional one. She also supports the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Refuge UK. Since then she has worked with Lifetime Television's 'End violence against women' campaign. Her work there included a public service announcement which aired on the network and during her 2007 tour.

Aguilera is a supporter of the LGBT community and is considered a gay icon by many. She was honored at the GLAAD Awards for using gay and transgender images in her music video for "Beautiful". When accepting the award Aguilera said, "My video captures the reality that gay and transgender people are beautiful, even though prejudice and discrimination against them still exists." In 2005 she appeared on a compilation album titled, ''Love Rocks'', proceeds benefit the Human Rights Campaign, an organization dedicated to fighting for equal rights for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered people. In 2008 she publicly spoke out against California's Proposition 8 which eliminates same-sex marriage in California saying, "Why you would put so much money behind something [aimed at] stopping from people loving each other and bonding together? I just don't understand it. It's hard for me to grasp. But I would've been out there with my rally sign as well." In 2011 Aguilera was honored at The Abbey, a gay club in West Hollywood, for her contributions to the gay community as the first honoree on their Gay Walk of Fame joining Dame Elizabeth Taylor in being immortalized forever.

Aguilera contributes in the fight against AIDS, by participating in AIDS Project Los Angeles' Artists Against AIDS "What's Going On?" cover project. In 2004, Aguilera became the new face for cosmetic company M·A·C and spokesperson for M·A·C AIDS Fund. Aguilera appeared in advertisements of the M·A·C's Viva Glam V lipstick and lipgloss, and was featured on ''Vanity Fair'' in recognition of her campaign work. In addition, Aguilera contributed to YouthAIDS by posing for a joint YouthAIDS and Aldo Shoes campaign for "Empowerment Tags" in Canada, the U.S. and the UK. She was featured with one of three ubiquitous slogans, "Speak No Evil?" and stated, "HIV is something that people don’t want to talk about, hear about, or face." Singer Elton John featured Aguilera in his charity book titled "Four Inches" benefiting the Elton John AIDS Foundation. Elton also hand-picked Aguilera, for his annual "Fashion Rocks" charity concert which accompanies music and fashion to benefit the fight against AIDS/HIV.

In the run-up to the 2004 United States presidential election, Aguilera was featured on billboards for the "Only You Can Silence Yourself" online voter registration drive run by the nonpartisan, non-profit campaign "Declare Yourself". In these political advertisements, shot by David LaChapelle, Aguilera was shown with her mouth sewn shut, to symbolize the effects of not voting. She appeared on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' to discuss the importance of voting. In late 2007 Aguilera became the spokesperson for "Rock the Vote" where she urged young people to vote in the 2008 presidential election. In partnership with "Rock the Vote", she appeared in a public service announcement which aired in summer 2008. The advert showed Aguilera with her son, Max Bratman, wrapped in an American flag, while singing "America the Beautiful".

In November 2005, all of her wedding gifts were submitted to various charities around the nation in support of Hurricane Katrina victims. That year she also performed at "Unite of the Stars" concert in aid of Unite Against Hunger in Johannesburg, South Africa and at the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund at the Coca-Cola Dome. In March 2007 Aguilera took part in a charity album (remaking Lennon's "Mother"), proceeds benefit Amnesty International's efforts to end genocide in Darfur. The album titled, ''Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur'', was released June 12, 2007 and featured various artists. In 2008 she headlined London's Africa Rising charity concert at Royal Albert Hall which raises awareness for finding substantial issues facing the continent. Later that year she appeared on the Turkish version of ''Deal or No Deal'' "Var mısın? Yok musun?" , where she won $180,000. Proceeds were donated to a charity program for orphans.

In 2009 Aguilera became the global spokesperson for World Hunger Relief appearing in advertisements, online campaigns and a public service announcement. Aguilera and her husband traveled to Guatemala with the World Food Programme to bring awareness to issues such as the high malnutrition rate in that country. She met with families of the villages and some of the beneficiaries of WFP's nutrition programs. Aguilera adds, "The people of WFP do such a great job helping hungry children and mothers. I'm thankful for the opportunity to be part of such a wonderful project." Since becoming a global spokeswoman Aguilera has helped raise over $22 million which helped provide over 90 million meals. She was honored at ''Variety'''s annual "Power of Women" luncheon in late 2009 alongside other women in entertainment for her contribution to philanthropic and charitable causes. In response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Aguilera donated a signed Chrysler 300 which was auctioned for relief efforts. She was one of the many artists who appeared on the ''Hope for Haiti'' telethon on January 22, 2010, donations directly benefited Oxfam America, Partners In Health, Red Cross and UNICEF. She later appeared on a second public service announcement alongside sports icon Muhammad Ali to raise funds for the World Food Programme's efforts to bring food to survivors of the earthquake. Later that year Aguilera made her first visit to Haiti as an ambassador against hunger where she visited two schools in the town of Léogâne. During her time there she assisted in the ongoing efforts to help the badly damaged town where she served meals and highlighted reconstruction efforts in the country. That year, Aguilera was appointed UN ambassador for the WFP.

Filmography

''Shine a Light (film) ''Get Him to the Greek'' ''Burlesque (film)

+Films	Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
2004	''Shark Tale''	Herself
2008	Shine a Light'' ||	Herself
2010	|	Herself	Cameo appearance
2010	Burlesque'' ||	Ali Rose	Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song>Golden Globe for Best Original Song

''Beverly Hills, 90210'' ''Saturday Night Live'' ''Project Runway'' ''Entourage (TV series) ''The Voice (U.S. TV series)

+Television	Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1993–1995	''The Mickey Mouse Club''	Herself/Various Roles
1999	|	Herself	"Let's Eat Cake"
2000–2006	|	Herself	Host, musical guest, 4 episodes
2009	|	Herself	Guest Judge, "Sequins, Feathers and Fur, Oh My!"
2010	Entourage'' ||	Herself	"Lose Yourself"
2011–present	The Voice'' ||	Herself	Coach and judgeReturning series

Discography

''Christina Aguilera'' (1999)

''Mi Reflejo'' (2000)

''My Kind of Christmas'' (2000)

''Stripped'' (2002)

''Back to Basics'' (2006)

''Bionic'' (2010)

Tours

;Headlining

Christina Aguilera in Concert (2000–01) (also known as the "Psykoblast Tour" and the "Sears & Levis US Tour")

Stripped World Tour (2003)

Back to Basics Tour (2006–07)

;Co-headlining

Justified/Stripped Tour (2003) (with Justin Timberlake)

See also

List of Christina Aguilera tours

List of best-selling music artists

List of artists who reached number one in the United States

List of artists who reached number one on the UK Singles Chart

List of awards and nominations received by Christina Aguilera

Honorific nicknames in popular music

References

External links

ChristinaAguilera.com – Christina Aguilera official website

Twitter – Official Twitter account.

Category:1980 births Category:American child singers Category:American dance musicians Category:American female singers Category:American feminists Category:American musicians of Irish descent Category:American music video directors Category:American people of Dutch descent Category:American pop singer-songwriters Category:American pop singers Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:BRIT Award winners Category:English-language singers Category:Feminist musicians Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:Latin Grammy Award winners Category:LGBT rights activists from the United States Category:Living people Category:Military brats Category:Mouseketeers Category:Musicians from New York City Category:Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:People from Staten Island Category:RCA Records artists Category:Sony BMG artists Category:Spanish-language singers Category:The Voice judges Category:World Music Awards winners

als:Christina Aguilera ar:كريستينا أغويليرا az:Kristina Agilera bg:Кристина Агилера ca:Christina Aguilera cs:Christina Aguilera cbk-zam:Christina Aguilera cy:Christina Aguilera da:Christina Aguilera pdc:Christina Aguilera de:Christina Aguilera et:Christina Aguilera el:Κριστίνα Αγκιλέρα es:Christina Aguilera eo:Christina Aguilera eu:Christina Aguilera fa:کریستینا آگیلرا fr:Christina Aguilera fy:Christina Aguilera ga:Christina Aguilera gl:Christina Aguilera ko:크리스티나 아길레라 hy:Քրիստինա Ագիլերա hr:Christina Aguilera id:Christina Aguilera is:Christina Aguilera it:Christina Aguilera he:כריסטינה אגילרה jv:Christina Aguilera ka:კრისტინა აგილერა csb:Christina Aguilera sw:Christina Aguilera la:Christina Aguilera lv:Kristīna Agilera lt:Christina Aguilera hu:Christina Aguilera mk:Кристина Агилера ml:ക്രിസ്റ്റീനാ അഗീലെറാ nl:Christina Aguilera ja:クリスティーナ・アギレラ no:Christina Aguilera nn:Christina Aguilera pl:Christina Aguilera pt:Christina Aguilera ro:Christina Aguilera ru:Агилера, Кристина sq:Christina Aguilera simple:Christina Aguilera sk:Christina Aguilerová sl:Christina Aguilera szl:Christina Aguilera sr:Кристина Агилера sh:Christina Aguilera fi:Christina Aguilera sv:Christina Aguilera tl:Christina Aguilera th:คริสตินา อากีเลรา tr:Christina Aguilera uk:Крістіна Агілера vi:Christina Aguilera zh:克莉絲汀·阿奎萊拉

name	Joe Budden
background	solo_singer
birth name	Joseph Budden
alias
born	August 31, 1980 (age 31)
origin	Jersey City, New Jersey
label	E1Shady Records
genre	Hip hop
occupation	Rapper
years active	2002 – present
website	Official website
associated acts	Slaughterhouse, Fabolous, Emanny, Stack Bundles }}

Joe Budden is an American rapper from Jersey City, New Jersey.

Early life

Budden was born in Spanish Harlem, but lived in Queens until he was 12 and from there moved to Jersey City, New Jersey. He is one of five boys (one older brother and three younger brothers - two are twin brothers). Budden heard music in his home (his father is a multi-instrumentalist) and on the streets while he grew up.

Career

In the year 2003, Budden released his debut solo studio album, ''Joe Budden.'' It included Budden's 2003 Grammy-nominated summer hit "Pump It Up", and was also featured in the soundtrack for the movie ''2 Fast 2 Furious'' and the video games ''Def Jam Vendetta'' & ''Def Jam Fight for NY''. The song "Focus" was also featured in the game and Joe Budden was also a character. Its second single was "Fire" featuring Busta Rhymes, which was in the movie ''Mean Girls''. The song "Drop Drop" was featured on the soundtrack for the movie ''Cradle 2 the Grave''. Joe has hinted in many songs that he was a recovering drug addict and has reaffirmed his position several times through multiple outlets.

After his debut album, Budden's sophomore release titled ‘The Growth’ was hampered due to the label's problems with Joe and his Def Jam seniors not happy with the direction of his music. The production of the album appeared to end up in a development hell and was ultimately not released. Continued disagreements between Budden and Def Jam forced the two sides to part ways. However, Budden managed to release the first and second installments of his Mood Muzik mixtape series while on Def Jam, and the series has been met with critical acclaim.

In December 2007 Budden signed a multi-album deal with Amalgam Digital and released his independent debut Padded Room as well as Mood Muzik 3: The Album, Halfway House, and Escape Route.

Joe Budden reached out to Crooked I, Royce da 5'9", Joell Ortiz and Nino Bless for a track titled "Slaughterhouse" on one of his Amalgam Digital releases, ''Halfway House''. Based on the reception of the track, they decided to form a group, minus Nino Bless, and named it after the first song they made together. They released numerous songs throughout early 2009, leading up to their self-titled album, which was released through E1 on August 11, 2009. The album features production from Alchemist, DJ Khalil, Mr. Porter, Streetrunner, plus guest appearances from Pharoahe Monch, K. Young, and The New Royales. The group signed with Shady Records on January 12, 2011.

Personal life

Many of Joe Budden's relationships with women have been in the spotlight, most notably his 5 year relationship with model Tahiry. He has also dated model Esther Baxter. He is the ex-boyfriend of Somaya Reece, a cast member of VH1's Love & Hip Hop.

Budden has a son from a previous relationship. In 2010, he was wanted by New Jersey police in relation to unpaid child support payments.

Budden has also been in the spotlight for his numerous controversies with other rappers including Game, Prodigy, Saigon, Ransom, and an incident involving several members of the Wu-Tang Clan.

Discography

;Studio albums

''Joe Budden'' (2003)

''Padded Room'' (2009)

;Digital albums

''Mood Muzik 3.5'' (2007)

''Halfway House'' (2008)

''Escape Route'' (2009)

''Mood Muzik 4.5: The Worst Is Yet To Come'' (2011)

;with Slaughterhouse

2009: ''Slaughterhouse''

2011: "Slaughterhouse (EP)"

;Official mixtapes

''2004: Mood Muzik: The Worst Of Joe Budden''

''2005: Mood Muzik 2: Can It Get Any Worse?''

''2007: Mood Muzik 3: For Better or for Worse''

''2010: Mood Muzik 4: A Turn 4 The Worst''

Awards and nominations

Grammy Awards

*2004, Best Male Rap Solo Performance: "Pump It Up" (nominated).

Other awards

*2003 Vibe Next Award (winner).

*United Kingdom, MOBO (Music of Black Origin) Award for "Clubbin" with Marques Houston (nominated).

*United Kingdom, MOBO (Music of Black Origin) Award for Best Rap Performance (nominated).

*2004 Black Reel Award for Best Song from a Movie for "Pump It Up" in 2 Fast 2 Furious (nominated).

References

External links

Official website

Joe Budden on Twitter

Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:Def Jam Recordings artists Category:TVT Records artists Category:People from Jersey City, New Jersey Category:Rappers from New Jersey Category:Underground rappers Category:1980 births

da:Joe Budden de:Joe Budden es:Joe Budden fr:Joe Budden ko:조 버든 it:Joe Budden he:ג'ו באדן nl:Joe Budden ja:ジョー・バドゥン no:Joe Budden pl:Joe Budden fi:Joe Budden sv:Joe Budden tr:Joe Budden

background	solo_singer
birth name	Dominick Wickliffe
birth date	September 23, 1978
origin	Long Beach, California, US
genre	Hip hop
years active	1995—present
label	Virgin (1995–1998)Death Row (1999–2003)Treacherous (2004–Present)
Associated acts	Slaughterhouse, Horse Shoe G.A.N.G.
Website	Crooked I Official SiteMySpace page }}

Dominick Wickliffe, better known by his stage name Crooked I, is an American rapper from Long Beach, California. He is a member of the hip hop group, Slaughterhouse with other members Joe Budden, Joell Ortiz and Royce da 5'9. Slaughterhouse is currently signed to Shady Records / Interscope Records. Crooked I is currently CEO of his own record labels, Dynasty Entertainment and C.O.B. Digital as well as Senior Vice President of Treacherous Records. Before starting his own label, he was also signed to Virgin Records and Death Row Records.

Career

19th Street Era

Around the age of seventeen, Crooked I started an independent record company called Muscle Records with professional football players also from Long Beach, Chucky Miller and Leonard Russell. It's not known how many songs were recorded, and the music recorded during this period still remains unreleased to this day. This is when he caught the attention of Noo Trybe/Virgin Records, and landed his first record deal in 1995.

Crooked I originally got his start appearing on compilations released by Big C-Style's record label, 19th Street Records, such as ''19th Street LBC Compilation'' and ''Straight Outta Cali''. He also appeared on the soundtracks to movies such as ''Ride'' and ''Caught Up'', where he collaborated with Snoop Doggy Dogg, Tha Eastsidaz, and The Luniz. At the time, Crooked I was still signed under Noo Trybe/Virgin Records, who handled distribution for 19th Street Records. Business was going good, but for unknown reasons, Virgin Records decided to get rid of their urban division, otherwise known as Noo Trybe, and Crooked I was out of a record deal.

Wickliffe was later contacted by Big C-Style and Daz Dillinger to form DPG Records, which was originally going to be a sub-label under Death Row Records at the time. Crooked was going to be 20% owner of the label, and the first act released as well. Daz left Death Row Records to run DPG Records independently, but rather than go with Daz, Crooked was trying to figure out his options.

Crooked I also had talks of signing to Dr. Dre's Aftermath imprint, but Dre wanted to release ''Chronic 2001'' and Eminem's ''Marshall Mathers LP'' before releasing Crooked. He also had talks with other major record labels who wanted to sign him, but they too were waiting for Dr. Dre's ''Chronic 2001'' album to be released before they would consider signing another West Coast MC. It was around this time that Crooked I re-negotiated the original deal he had with DPG Records/Death Row Records as a solo artist deal with just Death Row Records.

Death Row's Second Dynasty

While on Death Row, Crooked I appeared on a number of compilations, such as ''Too Gangsta For Radio'' and ''Dysfunktional Family'', and appeared on various releases, such as Tha Dogg Pound's ''2002'', Ja Rule's ''The Last Temptation'', and 2Pac's ''Nu-Mixx Klazzics''. He also recorded two albums, ''Untouchable'' and ''Say Hi To The Bad Guy'', both of which were unreleased due to various label issues and industry politics. He did manage to release a mixtape along with Death Row's then in-house producer, Darren Vegas, called ''Westcoasanostra Vol. 1'' in the Spring of 2003.

The Start of a New Dynasty

By 2004, Crooked I's album had not been released, Suge Knight was constantly in and out of jail, and Crooked I's contract had expired by November 2003. He left Death Row in early 2004 to start his own label, Dynasty Entertainment. It was not long after that when Crooked I signed a distribution deal with Treacherous Records/Universal, but more legal trouble from Death Row surfaced, and Crooked I had to stop production for his then titled album, ''Mama's Boy'', which was actually going to be the name of Crooked's second release under Death Row Records. Later on the title of the album changed to ''Mama's Boy Got a Loaded Gun''. In the meantime, Crooked I released the online mixtape, ''Young Boss Vol. 1'' through his official website. The mixtape received critical acclaim throughout the underground Hip-Hop circuit, garnering an impressive "XL" rating by the Hip-Hop publication, XXL Magazine.

After the legal matters settled, Crooked began recording again, and prepping the release of his documentary ''Life After Death Row''. He appeared on compilations such as Yukmouth's ''United Ghettos of America Vol. 2'', Sway & King Tech's ''Back 2 Basics'', and on fellow Treacherous Records label mate K. Young's debut album, ''Learn How To Love''. In 2005, the name of Crooked's debut album changed to ''Boss Music'', and he created a buzz with the song, "Boom Boom Clap" in the summer of 2005. He also recorded two songs with producer Scott Storch, "Cali Boyz" and "You're So Bad". In 2006, he released his heavily anticipated mixtape, ''Young Boss Vol. 2'' hosted by DJ Skee, and his DVD, ''Life After Death Row'', followed later that Fall.

Hip-Hop Weekly era

Crooked I started the Hip-Hop Weekly series via the internet. Every seven days he released a new track over various hip-hop beats of old and new instrumentals. His ability to personally connect with his fans through his Hip-Hop Weekly series is evident since he would fulfill beat selection requests as well as give shout-outs over any given track to fans who requested it via his MySpace page. The Hip-Hop Weekly series began on April 4, 2007 and ended on April 3, 2008. Wickliffe generated so much of a buzz with the Hip-Hop Weekly series that he was featured on the cover of the December/2007 issue of XXL (magazine) for a second time, this time as part of XXL's Freshmen 10.

Crooked I, along with DJ Felli Fel and DJ Nik Bean, released ''St. Valentine's Day Bossacre'' on February 14, 2008. Although it's called a mixtape, it consists of all new tracks by Crooked I, much like ''Young Boss Vol. 2'', and boasts guest appearances by Royce Da 5'9", and Roscoe Umali, with production from DJ Felli Fel, Rick Rock, Komplex, and MG. The February 2008 issue of Ozone West reviewed ''St. Valentine's Day Bossacre'' and rated it 4 slaps out of 5.

Another mixtape and an EP was released in 2008 by Crooked I, ''The Block Obama: Hood Politics'' and ''Block Obama II''. ''The Block Obama: Hood Politics'' was originally going to be hosted by DJ Whoo Kid and DJ Strong, but ended up being released un-tagged without a DJ, and for free download on the internet. ''Block Obama II'' was released on the day of the 2008 Presidential election, originally as a digital album for sale through iTunes, Amazon, Napster, Rhapsody, and other online retailers. Physical CD's of ''Block Obama II'' were later made, and sold through CDBaby. The EP also boasts guest appearances from Dynasty Entertainment artists Horse Shoe G.A.N.G. and Sauce The Boss, in addition to Knoc-turn'al and production by Jim Gettum, Komplex, and Rick Rock.

The Slaughterhouse era

Joe Budden reached out to Crooked I, Royce Da 5'9", Joell Ortiz, and Nino Bless for a track titled "Slaughterhouse" on his digital release, ''Halfway House''. Based on the reception of the track, they decided to form a super-group, minus Nino Bless, and named it after this song. They released numerous songs throughout early 2009, building a buzz for their self-titled album, which was released through E1 on August 11, 2009. The album features production from Alchemist, DJ Khalil, Mr. Porter, Streetrunner, and guest appearances from Pharoahe Monch, K. Young, and The New Royales.

On February 27, 2009 in Long Beach, California, Crooked I was allegedly shot at during a conversation with a fan. The conflicting early media reports on the incident in the following hours initially left people worried and uncertain on his condition, but he has since confirmed to MTV News and other media that he's alive and, while mentally distracted, physically well. Crooked I has declined to further elaborate on the incident, citing where he's from its against the code of the streets.

On November 10, 2009, Crooked I released a digital-only solo EP, ''Mr. Pig Face Weapon Waist''. “It’s a spin off of my Slaughterhouse alter ego,” he said of the odd title, “cause I come out on stage with a pig mask and a Dickie suit on.” The EP also boasts guest appearances from Snoop Dogg, K. Young, M.O.P., The Horseshoe G.A.N.G., and of course fellow Slaughterhouse members, Joe Budden, Joell Ortiz, and Royce Da 5'9". In addition to production from Komplex, Scram Jones, Streetrunner, Frequency, and P. Silva.

After briefly considering plans to release a full length ''Mr. Pig Face Weapon Waist'' LP in January 2010, Crooked I revised his priorities and announced ''Million Dollar Story'', to be released in 2010. Production for the album is to include contributions from DJ Khalil, The Alchemist, and newcomer Quest. In addition, Crooked I stated his intentions to get DJ Premier beats for the album.

The new owners of Death Row Records, WIDEawake Entertainment, released a Crooked I album called ''Hood Star'' on June 15, 2010. It has 15 songs Wickliffe recorded while signed to the label, with guest appearances from Juvenile, Too Short, Kurupt, Danny Boy, Ray J, Sisqo, and others.

On August 17, 2010, Crooked I released yet another EP, titled ''Planet C.O.B. Vol. 1'', which features production from Rick Rock, Komplex, and more.

On December 1, 2010, the first single for Crooked I's official debut solo album, ''Million Dollar Story'' was released on iTunes titled "Villain", which features Gracie Productions recording artist Sally Anthony.

On January 12, 2011, after months of speculation, Slaughterhouse officially signed to Shady Records, along with artist Yelawolf.

On March 21, 2011, Crooked I released the ''Million Dollar Story'' EP, available for purchase through iTunes, to tie fans over until the album is released. It features two brand new songs and two previously released tracks.

On July 12, 2011, the compilation ''Planet C.O.B. Vol. 2'' was released digitally, and for a limited time was available on CD through Crooked I's official website. Unlike the previous installment, which was an EP by Crooked I, this album features songs by all of the C.O.B. affiliates, such as Horseshoe G.A.N.G., Sauce Tha Boss, Coniyac, and more. To keep the momentum up for the C.O.B. movement, Crooked I brought his official clothing line to the internet.

Artists under C.O.B. Records

Crooked I The Horseshoe G.A.N.G. (Members: Demitrius Capone, Julius Luciano, Kenny Siegel, and Andrew "Dice" Dinero)

Discography

Studio Albums

2000: ''Untouchable'' (un-released)

2002: ''Say Hi To The Bad Guy'' (un-released)

2010: ''Hood Star''

Collaboration albums

2009: ''Slaughterhouse'' (with Slaughterhouse)

2011: ''Slaughterhouse EP'' (with Slaughterhouse)

EP's

2008: ''Block Obama II''

2009: ''Mr. Pigface Weapon Waist''

2010: ''Planet C.O.B. Vol. 1''

2011: ''Million Dollar Story'' EP

Mixtapes

2003: ''Westcoasanostra Vol. 1''

2004: ''Young Boss Vol. 1''

2006: ''Young Boss Vol. 2''

2008: ''St. Valentine's Day Bossacre''

2008: ''The Block Obama: Hood Politics''

Compilations

2011: ''Planet C.O.B. Vol. 2''

Selected Guest appearances

!Year	!Song	!Artist(s)	!Album
	"Every Day (DJ Battlecat Remix)"	MQ3 and Crooked I	''Every Day 12"''
	"Girl"	Luniz and Crooked I
	"Underground Tactics"	Sway & King Tech featuring Crooked I, Planet Asia & Heltah Skeltah
"Step Up"	Kurupt featuring Crooked I, Xzibit, and Daz Dillinger	''Tha Streetz Iz a Mutha''
	"Gangsta Rap"	Crooked I, Treach, Kurupt & Scarface
"Death Rizzo"	Crooked I
	"Gangsta Rap"	Tha Dogg Pound and Crooked I
	"Universal Quest"
"Let Me Live"
"Connected"	Ja Rule featuring Eastwood and Crooked I
	"Kalifornia G'z"	Yukmouth featuring Crooked I, E-40 & Nate Da Nut	''United Ghettos of America Vol. 2''
	"Watch What You Do"	Sway & King Tech featuring Crooked I
"I Love the Ghetto"	Sway & King Tech featuring Crooked I & Tracy Lane
"Hit the Deck"	Sway & King Tech featuring Crooked I
			[[Immortal Technique">Game (rapper)
	"Lick Shots"	[[Immortal Technique featuring Chino XL and Crooked I	''The 3rd World''
"Wake The Game Up"	Yukmouth featuring Crooked I	''Million Dollar Mouthpiece''
	"I'm a Gangsta"	Yukmouth featuring Dyson. Ray J & Crooked I	''The West Coast Don''
"That'z Juss Lyfe"	Tha Realest featuring Crooked I & Val Young	''Witness Tha Realest''
"Not What You Think"	Smoothvega featuring Royce Da 5'9", Crooked I & Sinful	''3.10.85''
"One Hit Away"	BQ featuring Crooked I and XL Middleton	''Travolta''
"Gun Harmonizing"	Royce Da 5'9" featuring Crooked I	''Street Hop''
"From The Blood Pumper"	DieNasty Records' Kalibur and Tank featuring Crooked I	''The Live Sick Compilation''
"Sickology 101"	Tech N9ne featuring Chino XL and Crooked I	''Sickology 101''
"Weapons"	Rhyme Addicts featuring Crooked I
"Everything"	Chamillionaire featuring Crooked I	''Mixtape Messiah 6''
2009	"Show N Prove"	Undergods featuring Crooked I	''Canibus & Keith Murray are the Undergods''
	"Father Forgive Them"	Mark Morrison featuring Beenie Man and Crooked I
"These Skillz"	Ben Reilly featuring Crooked I	''Section 8: Memiors of an Everyday Hustle''
So Many	Young Buck & D Eazy	Unknown
"Event Horizon"	Rhyme Asylum featuring Crooked I
"We Nah Play"	Snowgoons featuring Banish, Crooked I & Beenie Man	''Kraftwerk''
"Session One"	Eminem featuring Slaughterhouse (Excluding Joe Budden)
"2.0 Boys"	Eminem featuring Slaughterhouse & Yelawolf	None
2011	"Loud Noises"	Bad Meets Evil featuring Slaughterhouse	''Hell: The Sequel''

Filmography

2004: ''Bank Brothers'' 2005: ''Slumber Party''

2006: ''Life After Death Row''

2009: ''Platinum Illusions''

References

External links

Dynasty Entertainment Group

The B.O.S.S. Board

WestCoastDynasty

Crooked I Discography

Crooked I at Discogs

Category:African American rappers Category:Living people Category:People from Long Beach, California Category:Underground rappers Category:Rappers from Los Angeles, California Category:1978 births

de:Crooked I fr:Crooked I pl:Crooked I ru:Crooked I fi:Crooked I