The Hamptons may refer to several villages and hamlets in the towns of Southampton and East Hampton on the far east end of Suffolk County in Long Island, New York. These townships occupy the South Fork of Long Island, stretching into the Atlantic Ocean. The Hamptons form a popular seaside resort, one of the historical Summer Colonies of the American Northeast. They have some of the most-expensive residential properties in the U.S.

The Montauk Branch of the Long Island Railroad, Montauk Highway, and the Hampton Jitney provide connections to the rest of Long Island and to New York City, while ferries connect North Haven and Montauk to Shelter Island and Connecticut.

West to East

The Hamptons include hamlets and villages in the town of Southampton

:* Southampton (village) :* Water Mill :* Bridgehampton :* Sagaponack (village) :* Sag Harbor (village, shared with East Hampton) :* Hampton Bays, New York :* Quogue, New York (village). :* Westhampton, New York (village).

The Hamptons include the following hamlets and villages in the town of East Hampton: :* Sag Harbor (village, shared with Southampton) :* Wainscott :* East Hampton (village) :* Amagansett

The hamlet Northampton, Suffolk County, New York, further west in the Town of Southampton, is not generally included.

Summer Colony

These areas constitute the core vacation area of this end of Long Island. Only Southampton Village, East Hampton Village, Sag Harbor and Sagaponack are incorporated as villages. All the other areas rely on the townships (East Hampton Town and Southampton Town) for government services.

!Village/Hamlet	!Township	!Population (2000 Census)	!Total Area	!Land Area
		3,965
		1,724
Bridgehampton		1,381
Sagaponack		582
		Sag Harbor	60% Southampton (town), New York	2,313
		628
		1,334
[[Amagansett		1,067

The Summer Colony's residents include many of New York City's affluent residents, as well as a number of affluent people from other nearby states, executives, and increasingly, foreigners from Europe and South America.

Villages and the hamlets of the Summer Colony are distinguished by their significant population increases during the summers, a large number of retail shops and restaurants and extensive arts community. Residential real estate prices in the Hamptons rank among the highest in the nation. In particular, Sagaponack, Water Mill and Bridgehampton were cited by ''Business Week'' magazine as being the 1st, 6th and 8th most expensive zip codes in the nation, respectively (see their articles).

Other amenities in the area include Sebonack Golf Club, the Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, National Golf Links of America in Southampton and the Maidstone Club in East Hampton. The Shinnecock and National golf clubs were recently voted as the #3 and #10 ranked courses in America by Golf Digest magazine. Exclusive private clubs provide additional recreational resources to the very affluent in the area. These clubs include The Bathing Corporation of Southampton, the Southampton Bath and Tennis Club, and the Meadow Club in Southampton Village and the Maidstone Club in East Hampton.

In Popular Culture

The Hamptons feature in ''Inside Job'', a 2010 documentary film about the financial crisis of 2007–2010 directed by Charles H. Ferguson. The Hamptons is shown as hub for Wall Street traders and investment bankers. The film covers a bird's eye view of the beaches and homes in the area. Derek Shepherd and Addison Montgomery of the medical drama Grey's Anatomy are known to have once owned property in The Hamptons. The Hamptons are also depicted in the T.V. Series ''Royal Pains'', as well as being mentioned as the home of Declan and Fiona's aunt Kate in Degrassi Takes Manhattan. In Josh Schwartz's ''Gossip Girl'', The Hamptons are mentioned on numerous occasions in the first two episodes of season two. Many of the characters in the show reside or vacation in The Hamptons during the summer. The TV show Castle also makes several references to The Hamptons as a favorite vacation spot for the famous character Rick Castle. The Hamptons was also featured as the location for the film White Chicks. George Costanza claimed to have a home in The Hamptons in Seinfeld, but it wasn't true. He kept the lie going to the bitter end.

External links

Town of East Hampton official website.

Town of Southampton official website.

"Real Estate 101 in the Hamptons", ''New York Times''.

"Studios by the Sea", ''Vanity Fair'', August 2000.

"The Most Expensive Golf Courses in the Country", ''Forbes'' magazine.

“Ruffling A Few Feathers In One Of America’s Most Exclusive Retreats, The Hamptons” Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (2008-08-01)

References

Category:Visitor attractions on Long Island Category:Geography of Long Island Category:Visitor attractions in Suffolk County, New York

ca:The Hamptons de:Hamptons es:Los Hamptons fr:Les Hamptons it:Hamptons nl:The Hamptons pt:Hamptons ro:Hamptons

: ''This article is about Fred Hampton, Sr. For his son, see Fred Hampton, Jr.'' Fred Hampton (August 30, 1948 – December 4, 1969) was an African-American activist and deputy chairman of the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party (BPP). He was assassinated as he lay in bed in his apartment by a tactical unit of the Cook County, Illinois State's Attorney's Office (SAO), in conjunction with the Chicago Police Department (CPD) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Hampton's death was chronicled in the 1971 documentary film ''The Murder of Fred Hampton,'' as well as an episode of the critically acclaimed documentary series ''Eyes on the Prize''.

Youth

Hampton was born on August 30, 1948, in Chicago, Illinois and grew up in Maywood, a suburb to the west of the city. His parents had moved north from Louisiana, and both worked at the Argo Starch Company. As a youth, Hampton was gifted both in the classroom and on the athletic field, having a strong desire to play center field for the New York Yankees, and graduating from Proviso East High School with honors in 1966.

Following his graduation Hampton enrolled at Triton Junior College in nearby River Grove, Illinois, majoring in pre-law. He studied law to become more familiar with the law, using it as a defense against police. He and fellow Black Panthers would follow police, watching out for police brutality using this knowledge of law as a defense. He also became active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), assuming leadership of the Youth Council of the organization's West Suburban Branch. In his capacity as an NAACP youth organizer, Hampton began to show signs of his natural leadership abilities; from a community of 27,000, he was able to muster a youth group 500-members strong. He worked to get more and better recreational facilities established in the neighborhoods, and to improve educational resources for Maywood's impoverished black community. Through his involvement with the NAACP, Hampton hoped to achieve social change through nonviolent activism and community organizing.

Chicago

About the same time that Hampton was successfully organizing young African Americans for the NAACP, the Black Panther Party (BPP) started rising to national prominence. Hampton was quickly attracted to the Black Panthers' approach, which was based on a ten-point program of a mix of black self-determination and certain elements of Maoism. Hampton joined the Party and relocated to downtown Chicago, and in November 1968 he joined the Party's nascent Illinois chapter — founded by Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) organizer Bob Brown in late 1967.

Over the next year, Hampton and his associates made a number of significant achievements in Chicago. Perhaps his most important accomplishment was his brokering of a nonaggression pact between Chicago's most powerful street gangs. Emphasizing that racial and ethnic conflict between gangs would only keep its members entrenched in poverty, Hampton strove to forge a class-conscious, multi-racial alliance between the BPP,the Young Patriots Organization and the National Young Lords under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez. Later they were joined by the Students for a Democratic Society, the Blackstone Rangers, the Brown Berets and the Red Guard Party. In May 1969, Hampton called a press conference to announce that a truce had been declared among this "rainbow coalition," a phrase coined by Hampton and made popular over the years by Rev. Jesse Jackson, who eventually appropriated the name in forming his own unrelated coalition, Rainbow PUSH.

Hampton's organizing skills, substantial oratorical gifts, and personal charisma allowed him to rise quickly in the Black Panthers. Once he became leader of the Chicago chapter, he organized weekly rallies, worked closely with the BPP's local People's Clinic, taught political education classes every morning at 6am, and launched a project for community supervision of the police. Hampton was also instrumental in the BPP's Free Breakfast Program. When Brown left the Party with Stokely Carmichael in the FBI-fomented SNCC/Panther split, Hampton assumed chairmanship of the Illinois state BPP, automatically making him a national BPP deputy chairman. As the Panther leadership across the country began to be decimated by the impact of the FBI's COINTELPRO, Hampton's prominence in the national hierarchy increased rapidly and dramatically. Eventually, Hampton was in line to be appointed to the Party's Central Committee's Chief of Staff. He would have achieved this position had it not been for his death on the morning of December 4, 1969.

FBI investigation

While Hampton impressed many of the people with whom he came into contact as an effective leader and talented communicator, those very qualities marked him as a major threat in the eyes of the FBI. It began keeping close tabs on his activities. Subsequent investigations have shown that FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover was determined to prevent the formation of a cohesive Black radical movement in the United States. Hoover saw the Panthers, and radical coalitions like that forged by Hampton in Chicago, as a frightening stepping stone toward the creation of just such a revolutionary body that could, in its strength, potentially overthrow the government of the United States.

The FBI opened a file on Hampton in 1967 that over the next two years expanded to twelve volumes and over four thousand pages. A wire tap was placed on Hampton's mother's phone in February 1968. By May of that year, Hampton's name was placed on the "Agitator Index" and he would be designated a "key militant leader for Bureau reporting purposes."

In late 1968, the Racial Matters squad of the FBI's Chicago field office brought in an individual named William O'Neal, who had recently been arrested twice, for interstate car theft and impersonating a federal officer. In exchange for dropping the felony charges and a monthly stipend, O'Neal apparently agreed to infiltrate the BPP as a counterintelligence operative. He joined the Party and quickly rose in the organization, becoming Director of Chapter security and Hampton's bodyguard.

By means of anonymous letters, the FBI sowed distrust and eventually instigated a split between the Panthers and the Rangers, with O'Neal himself instigating an armed clash between the two on April 2, 1969. The Panthers became effectively isolated from their powerbase in the ghetto, so the FBI went to work to undermine its ties with other radical organizations. O'Neal was instructed to "create a rift" between the Party and SDS, whose Chicago headquarters was only blocks from that of the Panthers. The Bureau released a batch of racist cartoons in the Panthers' name [citation needed], aimed at alienating white activists, and launched a disinformation program to forestall the realization of the "Rainbow Coalition." In repeated directives, J. Edgar Hoover demanded that the COINTELPRO personnel "destroy what the [BPP] stands for" and "eradicate its 'serve the people' programs".

On July 16 there was an armed confrontation between party members and the Chicago Police Department, which left one member mortally wounded and six others arrested on serious charges. On July 31, the CPD raided the Monroe Street office, smashing typewriters, destroying food and medical supplies for the Panther health clinic and breakfast program, setting several small fires, and beating and arresting a number of Panthers for obstruction. A similar raid took place on October 31.

On May 26, 1969, Hampton was successfully prosecuted in a case related to a theft in 1967 of $71 worth of Good Humor Bars in Maywood. He was sentenced to two to five years, but he managed to obtain an appeal bond and was released in August.

In early October, Hampton and his girlfriend, Deborah Johnson (now known as Akua Njeri), pregnant with their first child (Fred Hampton, Jr.), rented a four-and-a-half room apartment on 2337 West Monroe Street to be closer to BPP headquarters. O'Neal reported to his superiors that much of the Panthers' "provocative" stockpile of arms was being stored there. In early November, Hampton traveled to California on a speaking engagement to the UCLA Law Students Association. While there, he met with the remaining BPP national hierarchy, who appointed him to the Party's Central Committee. Shortly thereafter he was to assume the position of Chief of Staff and major spokesman.

Death following Chicago police raid

Fred Hampton was quickly moving up the ranks in the Black Panther Party, and his talent as a political organizer was remarkable.

In 1968 he was on the verge of creating a merger between the BPP and a southside street gang with thousands of members, which would have doubled the size of the national BPP.

In November 1969, Hampton traveled to California, and met with the National BPP leadership at UCLA. It was there that they offered him a position on the Central Committee as the chief of staff, and asked him to serve as the national spokesman for the BPP. While Hampton was out of town two Chicago police officers, John J. Gilhooly and Frank G. Rappaport, were killed in a gun battle with Panthers on the night of November 13. A total of 9 police officers were shot; a 19 year old Panther named Spurgeon Winter Jr. was killed by police and another Panther, Lawrence S. Bell, was charged with murder. In an editorial headlined "No Quarter for Wild Beasts" the ''Chicago Tribune'' urged that Chicago police be given the order to approach all Panther suspects prepared to shoot.

The FBI, determined to prevent any enhancement of the effectiveness of BPP leadership, decided to set up an arms raid on Hampton's Chicago apartment. FBI informant William O'Neal provided them with detailed information of Hampton's apartment, including the location of furniture and the bed in which Hampton and his then-pregnant girlfriend slept. An augmented, fourteen-man team of the SAO — Special Prosecutions Unit — was organized for a pre-dawn raid armed with a warrant for illegal weapons.

On the evening of December 3, Hampton taught a political education course at a local church, which was attended by most members. Afterwards, as was typical, several Panthers retired to the Monroe Street apartment to spend the night, including Hampton and Deborah Johnson, Blair Anderson, Doc Satchell, Harold Bell, Verlina Brewer, Louis Truelock, Brenda Harris, and Mark Clark.

Upon arrival, they were met by O'Neal, who had prepared a late dinner which was eaten by the group around midnight. O'Neal had slipped the powerful barbiturate sleep agent, secobarbitol into a drink that was consumed by Hampton during the dinner in order to sedate Hampton so that he would not awaken during the subsequent raid. O'Neal left at this point, and, at about 1:30 a.m., Hampton fell asleep in mid-sentence talking to his mother on the telephone. Although Hampton was not known to take drugs, Cook County chemist Eleanor Berman would report that she ran two separate tests which each showed a powerful barbiturate had been introduced into Hampton's blood. An FBI chemist would later fail to find similar traces, but no explanation for how Berman's tests could have been flawed was offered and she stood by her findings. The raid was organized by the office of Cook County State's Attorney Edward Hanrahan using officers attached to his office. Hanrahan had recently been the subject of a large amount of public criticism by Hampton, who had made speeches about how Hanrahan's talk about a "war on gangs" was really rhetoric used to enable him to carry out a "war on black youth".

At 4:00 a.m., the heavily armed police team arrived at the site, (2337 W. Monroe, Chicago, IL) dividing into two teams, eight for the front of the building and six for the rear. At 4:45, they stormed in the apartment.

Mark Clark, sitting in the front room of the apartment with a shotgun in his lap, was on security duty. He was killed instantly after firing off a single round, which was later determined to be a reflexive reaction in his death convulsions after being shot by the raiding team; this was the only shot the Panthers fired.

Automatic gunfire then converged at the head of the bedroom where Hampton slept, unable to wake up as a result of the barbiturates that the FBI infiltrator had slipped into his drink. He was lying on a mattress in the bedroom with his pregnant girlfriend. Two officers found him wounded in the shoulder, and fellow Black Panther Harold Bell reported that he heard the following exchange:

:"That's Fred Hampton." :"Is he dead?... Bring him out." :"He's barely alive. :"He'll make it."

Two shots were heard, which it was later discovered were fired point blank in Hampton's head. According to Deborah Johnson, one officer then said:

:"He's good and dead now."

Hampton's body was dragged into the doorway of the bedroom and left in a pool of blood. The officers then directed their gunfire towards the remaining Panthers, who were hiding in another bedroom. They were wounded, then beaten and dragged into the street, where they were arrested on charges of aggravated assault and the attempted murder of the officers. They were each held on US$100,000 bail.

Aftermath

At a press conference the next day, the police announced the arrest team had been attacked by the "violent" and "extremely vicious" Panthers and had defended themselves accordingly. In a second press conference on December 8, the assault team was praised for their "remarkable restraint," "bravery," and "professional discipline" in not killing all the Panthers present. Photographic evidence was presented of "bullet holes" allegedly made by shots fired by the Panthers, but this was soon challenged by reporters (although the ''Chicago Tribune'' initially published these photos in support of the police action). An internal investigation was undertaken; the assault team was exonerated of any wrongdoing.

Hampton's funeral was attended by 5,000 people, and he was eulogized by such black leaders as Jesse Jackson and Ralph Abernathy, Martin Luther King's successor as head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In his eulogy, Jackson noted that "when Fred was shot in Chicago, black people in particular, and decent people in general, bled everywhere."

On December 6, members of the Weather Underground destroyed numerous police vehicles in a retaliatory bombing spree at 3600 N. Halsted Street, Chicago.

Four weeks after witnessing Hampton's death at the hands of the police, Deborah Johnson gave birth to Fred Hampton, Jr.

Civil rights activists Roy Wilkins and Ramsey Clark (styled as "The Commission of Inquiry into the Black Panthers and the Police") subsequently alleged that the Chicago police had killed Fred Hampton without justification or provocation and had violated the Panthers’ constitutional rights against unreasonable search and seizure. "The Commission" further alleged that the Chicago Police Department had imposed a summary punishment on the Panthers.

The federal grand jury did not return any indictment against anyone involved with the planning or execution of the raid. The officers involved in the raid were cleared by a grand jury of any crimes.

The FBI informant, William O'Neal, later committed suicide after admitting his involvement in setting up the raid.

Legacy

The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments. The case went to trial before Federal Judge J. Sam Perry. After more than 18 months of testimony and at the close of the Plaintiff's case, Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried. More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million. The two families each shared in the settlement.

A 27 minute documentary entitled ''Death of a Black Panther: The Fred Hampton Story'' was used as evidence in the civil suit.

In 1990, the Chicago City Council passed a resolution declaring "Fred Hampton Day" in honor of the slain leader.

The Chicago City Council unanimously approved a resolution introduced by former Alderman Madeline Haithcock commemorating Dec. 4, 2004, as "Fred Hampton Day in Chicago." The resolution read in part: "Fred Hampton, who was only 21 years old, made his mark in Chicago history not so much by his death as by the heroic efforts of his life and by his goals of empowering the most oppressed sector of Chicago's Black community, bringing people into political life through participation in their own freedom fighting organization."

A public pool has been named in his honor in his home town of Maywood, Illinois. In 2006, a bust of Hampton was erected outside the Fred Hampton Memorial Pool.

Jeffrey Haas, author and attorney for the plaintiffs in the federal suit ''Hampton v. Hanrahan'', posited that Chicago was worse off without Hampton.

Haas wrote an account of Hampton's death entitled ''The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther''.

Controversy

In March 2006, controversy arose when supporters of Hampton's charity work proposed the naming of a Chicago street in honor of the former Black Panther leader. Chicago's chapter of the Fraternal Order of Police opposed this effort.

References

External links

The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther - video report by ''Democracy Now!''

(A 1971 documentary film directed by Howard Alk)

FBI files on Fred Hampton

''From COINTELPRO to the Shadow Government: As Fred Hampton Jr. Is Released From 9 Years of Prison, a Look Back at the Assassination of Fred Hampton''. 36:48 real audio. Tape: Fred Hampton, Deborah Johnson. Guests: Fred Hampton Jr., Mutulu Olugabala, Rosa Clemente. Interviewer: Amy Goodman. Democracy Now!. Tuesday, March 5, 2002. Retrieved May 12, 2005.

"Power Anywhere Where There's People" A Speech By Fred Hampton

National Young Lords Brief notes on Young Lords origins

Category:1948 births Category:1969 deaths Category:American revolutionaries Category:American socialists Category:Assassinated American civil rights activists Category:Black Panther Party members Category:COINTELPRO targets Category:Deaths by firearm in Illinois Category:People from Chicago, Illinois Category:People from Maywood, Illinois Category:People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States

de:Fred Hampton fr:Fred Hampton ja:フレッド・ハンプトン sv:Fred Hampton yo:Fred Hampton

birth name	Arthur Betz Laffer
school tradition	Supply-side economics
color	lightsteelblue
birth date	August 14, 1940
birth place	Youngstown, Ohio
nationality	American
field	Political economics
alma mater	Stanford (PhD, 1971; MBA, 1965)Yale (BA, 1962)
influences	John Maynard Keynes
contributions	Laffer Curve
signature
repec prefix	| repec_id }}

Arthur Betz Laffer (; born August 14, 1940) is an American economist who first gained prominence during the Reagan administration as a member of Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board (1981–1989). Laffer is best known for the Laffer curve, an illustration of the theory that there exists some tax rate between 0% and 100% that will result in maximum tax revenue for governments. He is the author and co-author of many books and newspaper articles, including ''Supply Side Economics: Financial Decision-Making for the 80s''. Laffer is Policy Co-Chairman (with Lawrence "Larry" Kudlow) of the Free Enterprise Fund.

Life and career

Laffer was born in Youngstown, Ohio, the son of Marian Amelia "Molly" (née Betz), a homemaker and politician, and William Gillespie Laffer, a president of the Clevite Corporation. Laffer received a BA degree in economics from Yale University in 1962. He graduated from Stanford University with an MBA in 1965 and a PhD degree in economics in 1971.

Laffer was a tenured professor at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business at the time of his discussion of the Laffer Curve with Nixon/Ford administration officials. Later on, after leaving University of Chicago and during his tenure at the University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business, Laffer played a key role in the writing of Proposition 13, the California property tax cap initiative that inspired similar initiatives in other states.

During the mid-1980s, Laffer left to teach at Pepperdine University in nearby Malibu. Laffer remained on the faculty for several years.

In 1986, Laffer was a Republican primary candidate for the US Senate in California. (Congressman Ed Zschau won the nomination and lost in the general election to the incumbent Democrat, Alan Cranston). Laffer identifies himself as a staunch fiscal conservative and libertarian. He has stated publicly that he voted for President Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996. Laffer references President Clinton's conservative fiscal policies as cornerstones of his support.

He was named a Distinguished University Professor of Economics by Mercer University (Georgia) in 2008.

Professional activities

Laffer is the founder and CEO of Laffer Associates in Nashville, Tennessee, an economic research and consulting firm that provides global investment-research services to institutional asset managers, pension funds, financial institutions, and corporations.

He sits on the board of directors of several public and private companies. Laffer has been appointed to the advisory board of Sonenshine Partners, an independent investment bank focused on providing integrated strategic, financial and corporate advisory services. In 2004 Laffer joined the Board of Pillar Data Systems, a non-public Data Storage Company funded by Tako Ventures, a funding arm of Larry Ellison. In 2008, Laffer joined the Board of Alpha Theory, a non-public Fundamental Portfolio Optimization software for hedge and mutual funds.

In 2010, Laffer joined the Boards of Executive Trading Solutions, an LLC providing the top technological solution for management of Rule 10b51 stock trading plans, and Consensus Point, a provider of an enterprise prediction markets platform.

Laffer Curve

Although he does not claim to have invented the Laffer curve concept (Laffer, 2004), it was popularized with policy-makers following an afternoon meeting with Nixon/Ford Administration officials Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld in 1974 in which he reportedly sketched the curve on a napkin to illustrate his argument. The term "Laffer curve" was coined by Jude Wanniski, who was also present. The basic concept was not new; Laffer himself says he learned it from Ibn Khaldun and John Maynard Keynes.

A simplified view of the theory is that tax revenues would be zero if tax rates were either 0% or 100%, and somewhere in between 0% and 100% is a tax rate which maximizes total revenue. Laffer's postulate was that the tax rate that maximizes revenue was at a much lower level than previously believed: so low that current tax rates were above the level where revenue is maximized.

Publications

The following is a partial list of publications for which Arthur B. Laffer is an author (mainly focusing on articles for which he is first author), in descending order by date.

Arthur B. Laffer, "The U.S. Balance of Payments—A Financial Center View," ''Law and Contemporary Problems'' 34 (1), p. 33-46 (1969).

Arthur B. Laffer, "Vertical Integration by Corporations, 1929-1965," ''Review of Economics and Statistics'' 51 (1), p. 91-93 (1969).

Arthur B. Laffer, "Trade Credit and the Money Market," ''J. Political Economy'' 78 (2), 239-267 (1970).

Arthur B. Laffer and Eugene F. Fama, "Information and Capital Markets" ''J. Business'' 44 (3), p. 289-298 (1971).

Arthur B. Laffer and R. David Ranson, "A Formal Model of the Economy," ''J. Business'' 44 (3), p. 247-270 (1971).

Arthur B. Laffer and Eugene F. Fama, "The Number of Firms and Competition", ''American Economic Review'' ''62'' (4), p. 670-674 (1972).

Arthur B. Laffer, "Monetary Policy and the Balance of Payments," ''J. Money, Credit, and Banking Part I'' 4 (1), 13-22 (1972).

Arthur B. Laffer and Richard Zecher, "Some Evidence on the Formation, Efficiency and Accuracy of Anticipations of Nominal Yields," ''J. Monetary Economics'' 1 (3), p. 327-342 (1975).

Victor A. Canto, Douglas H. Joines, and Arthur B. Laffer, ''Foundations of Supply-Side Economics—Theory and Evidence'' (New York: Academic Press, 1982).

Arthur B. Laffer, "Reinstatement of the Dollar: The Blueprint," ''Economic Notes'' 0 (2), p. 158-176 (1982).

Arthur B. Laffer, "A High Road for the American Automobile Industry," ''World Economy'' 8 (3), p. 267-286 (1985).

Arthur B. Laffer, "The Ellipse: An Explication of the ''Laffer'' Curve in a Two-Factor Model," ''The Financial Analyst's Guide to Fiscal Policy'', p. 1-35 (New York: Greenwood Press, 1986).

Arthur B. Laffer, "Heightened foreign competition only route for American prosperity," ''The Journal Record'' (9 June 1987).

Arthur B. Laffer, "America in the World Economy: A Strategy for the 1990s: Commentary," ''America's Global Interests: A New Agenda'', p. 122-125 (London: Norton, 1989).

Arthur B. Laffer and Christopher S. Hammond, "Either California's Housing Prices Are Going to Fall or California's in for One Helluva Rise in Personal Income," ''Investment Strategy and State and Local Economic Policy'', p. 49-64 (London: Quorum Books, 1992).

Arthur B. Laffer, "Trading Policy Outlook," ''Industrial Policy and International Trade'', p. 175-186, Volume 62 in ''Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis'' (London: JAI Press, 1992).

Arthur B. Laffer, "The Reagan-Clinton Presidency," ''International Economy'' 12 (2), 22-24 (1998).

Arthur B. Laffer and Thomas J. Martin, "Bullish on Japan," ''American Spectator'' p. 28-30 (1 June 2001).

Arthur B. Laffer, "The Laffer Curve: Past, Present, and Future," ''Heritage Foundation Backgrounder'' #1765 (1 June 2004).

Arthur B. Laffer, "The Tax Threat to Prosperity", ''Wall Street Journal'' (January 25, 2008).

Arthur B. Laffer, "The Age of Prosperity Is Over", ''Wall Street Journal'' (October 27, 2008).

Arthur B. Laffer and Stephen Moore, "Soak the Rich, Lose the Rich", ''Wall Street Journal'' (May 19, 2009).

Arthur B. Laffer, "Get Ready for Inflation and Higher Interest Rates", ''Wall Street Journal'' (June 11, 2009)

Arthur B. Laffer, "The Prognosis for National Health Insurance: A Colorado Perspective, ''Independence Institute'' (August 2009)

Arthur B. Laffer, "Taxes, Depression, and Our Current Troubles", ''Wall Street Journal'' (September 22, 2009)

References

External links

Jude Wanniski, "Sketching the Laffer Curve," ''The Yorktown Patriot'' (14 June 2005)

Category:1940 births Category:American economists Category:Living people Category:People from Youngstown, Ohio Category:Stanford University alumni Category:Supply-side economists Category:University of Southern California faculty Category:Yale University alumni

bg:Артър Лафер de:Arthur B. Laffer fr:Arthur Laffer it:Arthur Laffer nl:Arthur Laffer pl:Arthur Laffer pt:Arthur Laffer ru:Лаффер, Артур sk:Arthur Laffer zh:阿瑟·拉弗

name	Josh Rouse
background	solo_singer
born	1972Paxton, Nebraska, United States
origin	Tennessee, United States
instrument	VocalsGuitarHarmonica
genre	FolkAlt-countryPop
occupation	Singer-songwriter
years active	1998–present
label	NettwerkRykodiscBedroom Classics
associated acts	She's Spanish, I'm American
website	joshrouse.com
notable instruments	}}

Josh Rouse (born 1972) is an American folk/roots pop singer-songwriter.

Biography

Born in the small town of Paxton, Nebraska, he moved to various places in the Midwest during his childhood due to his father's military career. Following his time at Austin Peay State University, he eventually settled down in Tennessee, where he met some local musicians and began recording.

The initial recordings he put to tape eventually became his debut release, ''Dressed Up Like Nebraska''. Released to critical acclaim, it allowed him to tour and begin performing full time, eventually releasing a second album, ''Home'', in 2000. His songs would later be featured on a variety of television shows and movie soundtracks.

In 2002 Rouse released ''Under Cold Blue Stars'', his first for Rykodisc. Following a tour with Guster, he would release another album, ''1972''. A concept album of sorts, in the style of songwriters from the time of his birth, it was released in 2003. In 2005, he released ''Nashville'', which featured the single "Winter in the Hamptons". In 2006, ''Subtítulo'', was released, which corresponded with his move to Spain.

Along with his normal full-length albums, Rouse occasionally releases EPs featuring demos and alternate takes on his personal Bedroom Classics label. The volumes are usually limited to small numbers in release, and for sale only through his website or at live performances. In 2007, Rouse released a duet EP with Paz Suay under the moniker She's Spanish, I'm American.

A new album, ''Country Mouse City House'', was released July 2007. The album was promoted by a US tour in September and October, followed by a European tour in November and December.

In April 2008, Josh announced his official website www.joshrouse.com will become Bedroom Classics Closet Archives, where for a yearly subscription users can download rare and unreleased recordings in MP3 format. The first three of these releases are a complete live recording of December 7, 2007 performance at The Shepherds Bush Empire in London; 4 additional recordings from an April 20, 2006 KCRW radio performance with a string quartet (the rest of this performance is available of the digital EP 'Guitar and Strings') and the 5 track Bedroom Classics Vol.3, featuring 4 new original compositions and a cover of Mother Love Bone's Chloe Dancer.

On October 13, 2009 Josh released an ep titled "Valencia EP". The four song ep included the title track which also is a featured track on Rouse's latest album, "El Turista". "El Turista" was released February 2, 2010 in the United States and February 1, 2010 in the rest of the world.

As of June 2011, a promised new release with a new band, "Josh Rouse and the Long Vacations" has been slated for Autumn/Fall with a pre-sale slated for mid-Summer. A preview of a new track - "Diggin' In The Sand" from the forthcoming album can be heard for an undisclosed period of time at www.noisetrade.com along with a selection of previously released material.

Discography

Albums

''Dressed Up Like Nebraska'' - (1998)

''Chester'' - (1999)

''Home'' - (2000)

''Bedroom Classics, Vol. 1'' - (2001)

''Under Cold Blue Stars'' - (2002)

''1972'' - (2003)

''The Smooth Sounds of Josh Rouse'' - (2004)

''Nashville'' - (2005)

''Bedroom Classics, Vol. 2'' - (2005)

''Subtítulo'' - (2006)

With Paz Suay, as She's Spanish, I'm American:

* ''She's Spanish, I'm American'' (EP) - (2007)

''Country Mouse City House'' - (2007)

''Bedroom Classics, Vol. 3'' - (2008)

''The Best of the Rykodisc Years'' - (2008)

''El Turista'' - (2010)

Downloads

''Kcrw.Com Presents... Josh Rouse Live With Guitar & Strings'' (download) - (2006)

''Live Shepherds Bush Empire December 7th 2007'' (download) - (2008)

''KCRW Morning Becomes Eclectic April 20, 2006 Outtakes'' (download) - (2008)

''Valencia EP'' (download) - Bedroom Classics - (2009)

Notes

References

Ankeny, Jason and Tim Sendra. ''Josh Rouse > Biography''. ''Josh Rouse'' artist page on AMG All Media Guide, 2006.

External links

Official site

Official Myspace Profile

Josh Rouse Forum at Nettwerk

Interview, Something Glorious, Apr 2006

Interview, HitQuarters Nov 2009

Josh Rouse Signature Guitar

Category:1972 births Category:Living people Category:American folk singers Category:Musicians from Nebraska Category:Rykodisc artists

da:Josh Rouse de:Josh Rouse es:Josh Rouse fr:Josh Rouse it:Josh Rouse no:Josh Rouse pt:Josh Rouse fi:Josh Rouse sv:Josh Rouse

name	Slide Hampton(TM)
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Locksley Wellington Hampton
birth date	April 21, 1932
origin	Jeannette, Pennsylvania, United States
instrument	Trombone, Flugelhorn
genre	Jazz, Hard bop
occupation	Musician, Bandleader, Composer, Arranger, Educator, Trombonist
years active	1950s–present
label	MCG Jazz, Atlantic, Epic
associated acts	Slide Hampton Ultra Big Band, Slide Hampton World of Trombones, Slide Hampton Trombone All-Stars
website	www.SlideHampton.com
notable instruments	}}

Locksley Wellington "Slide" Hampton (born April 21, 1932) is an American jazz trombonist, composer and arranger.

He was a 1998 Grammy Award winner for "Best Jazz Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)", as arranger for "Cotton Tail" performed by Dee Dee Bridgewater. He was also a Grammy winner in 2005 for "Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album," ''The Way: Music of Slide Hampton'', The Vanguard Jazz Orchestra, and received another nomination in 2006 for his arrangement of "Stardust" for the Dizzy Gillespie All-Star Big Band.

In 2005, the National Endowment for the Arts honored Slide Hampton with its highest honor in jazz, the NEA Jazz Masters Award. A master composer/arranger and uniquely gifted trombone player, Hampton's career is among the most distinguished in jazz.

Biography

Slide Hampton was born in Jeannette, Pennsylvania. Laura and Clarke “Deacon” Hampton raised 12 children, taught them how to play musical instruments and set out with them as a family band. The family first came to Indianapolis in 1938. The Hamptons were a very musical family in which mother, father, eight brothers, and four sisters all played instruments. Slide Hampton is one of the few left-handed trombone players. Although not naturally left-handed, as a child Hampton was given the trombone set up to play left-handed, or backwards; as no one ever dissuaded him, he continued to play this way.

At the age of 12, Slide played in his family's Indianapolis jazz band, The Duke Hampton Band. By 1952, at the age of 20, he was performing at Carnegie Hall with the Lionel Hampton Band. He played with the Buddy Johnson's R&B; band from 1955–1956, then became a member of the Maynard Ferguson's band (1957–1959), where he played and arranged, providing excitement on such popular tunes as "The Fugue," "Three Little Foxes" and "Slides Derangement." In 1958, he recorded with trombone masters on the classic release of Melba Liston, "Melba Liston and Her 'Bones". As his reputation grew, he soon began working with bands led by Art Blakey, Tadd Dameron in 1969, Barry Harris, Thad Jones, Mel Lewis, and Max Roach, contributing both original compositions and arrangements. In 1962, he formed the Slide Hampton Octet, with horn players Booker Little, Freddie Hubbard, and George Coleman. The band toured the U.S. and Europe and recorded on several labels.

In 1968 he toured with Woody Herman orchestra, settling in Europe where he remained until 1977. He taught at Harvard, artist-in-residence in 1981, the University of Massachusetts, De Paul University in Chicago, and Indiana State University. During this period he led his own nine-trombone, three-rhythm band, ''World of Trombones'', co-led Continuum (a quintet with Jimmy Heath that plays the music of Tadd Dameron), freelanced as both a writer and a player--. He also appeared on The Cosby Show 1986. The episode entitled "Play It Again, Russell", is a reference to "Play it again, Sam", a quote from Casablanca (1942). Hampton also played the trombone in ''Diana Ross Live! The Lady Sings... Jazz & Blues: Stolen Moments'' (1992) DVD.

In 2005 Hampton was honored at the jazz festival in Indianapolis. There the Indianapolis Jazz Foundation inducted him into their Hall of Fame. On June 4, 2006, with manager/agent and business partner Tony Charles, Hampton promoted his first concert at The Tribecca PAC in New York (a tribute to Antonio Carlos Jobim) and debuted the Hampton Ultra Big Band. The concert was the first of many planned for the near future.

Hampton is a resident of North New Jersey. He is the uncle of Chicago jazz trumpeter Pharez Whitted.

2009 saw the completion of four new compositions entitled "A Tribute to African-American Greatness". The songs honored Nelson Mandela, Oprah Winfrey, Tiger Woods, Venus Williams, Serena Williams and Barack Obama. The songs contained accompanying lyrics written by Hampton and his song writing partner Tony Charles, arrangements honoring Thelonious Monk, Thad Jones, Eddie Harris, Dexter Gordon and Gil Evans round out the program. The album will be recorded in 2010. He recently completed two new Big Band arrangements - "In Case of Emergency" and "The Drum Song" (both Hampton originals). These two songs (and others) will be available exclusively to Universities and other educational institutions through Slide Hampton Musique Publishing.

Discography

!Year	!Title	!Label
2003	''Spirit of the Horn''	MCG Jazz
2002	''Jazz Matinee''	Hanssler
2002	''Slide Plays Jobim''
1999	''Inclusion''	Sound Hills
1993	''Dedicated to Diz''	Telarc
1982	''Roots''	Criss Cross
1979	''World of Trombones''	West 54 Records
1962	''Explosion! The Sound of Slide Hampton''	Atlantic
1962	''Jazz in Paris: Exodus''	Verve Records
1962	''Drum Suite''	Epic
1961	''Two Sides of Slide Hampton''	Charlie Parker
1960	''Sister Salvation''	Atlantic
1959	''Slide Hampton and His Horn of Plenty''	Strand

References

External links

Slide Hampton's Website

'International Management & Booking for Mr. Hampton

Slide Hampton discography at JazzDiscography.com

Slide Hampton at The Trombone Page of the World

Trombone.org: Slide Hampton

Category:1932 births Category:Living people Category:American jazz trombonists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania Category:People from East Orange, New Jersey Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Verve Records artists Category:Criss Cross Jazz artists Category:Telarc Records artists

da:Slide Hampton de:Slide Hampton es:Slide Hampton it:Slide Hampton fi:Slide Hampton