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1974
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Adolph Gottlieb
Adolph Gottlieb (March 14, 1903 - March 4, 1974) was an American abstract expressionist painter, sculptor and graphic artist.
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Agnes Moorehead
Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress. Although she began with the Mercury Theatre, appeared in more than seventy films beginning with Citizen Kane and on dozens of television shows during a career that spanned more than thirty years, Moorehead is most widely known to modern audiences for her role as the witch Endora in the series Bewitched.
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Alanis Morissette
Alanis Nadine Morissette (born June 1, 1974) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer and actor. She has won 16 Juno Awards and seven Grammy Awards.
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Albert Claude
Albert Claude (August 24, 1899 – May 22, 1983) was a Belgian biologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Christian de Duve and George Emil Palade. He studied medicine at the University of Liege (Belgium). During the winter of 1928-29 he worked in Berlin, first at the Institut für Krebsforschung, and then at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology, Dahlem. In the summer of 1929 he joined the Rockefeller Institute. While working at Rockefeller University in the 1930s and 1940s, he used the electron microscope to make images of cells which deepened the scientific understanding of cellular structure and function. He discovered the chloroplasts in the cell.
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Alessandro Del Piero
Alessandro Del Piero () Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI (born November 9, 1974 in Conegliano, Veneto) is an Italian World Cup-winning footballer who plays for Serie A club Juventus.
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Alessandro Petacchi
Alessandro Petacchi (born 3 January 1974 in La Spezia, Liguria) is an Italian professional road racing cyclist for .
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Alexander Wurz
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Alyson Hannigan
Alyson Lee Hannigan (born March 24, 1974) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Willow Rosenberg on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Michelle Flaherty in three American Pie films and Lily Aldrin on the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother.
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Amy Adams
Amy Lou Adams (born August 20, 1974) is an American actress and singer. Adams began her performing career on stage in dinner theaters before making her screen debut in the 1999 black comedy film Drop Dead Gorgeous. After a series of television guest appearances and roles in B movies, she landed the role of Brenda Strong in 2002's Catch Me If You Can, but her breakthrough role was in the 2005 independent film Junebug, playing Ashley Johnsten, for which she received critical acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.
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Anatole Litvak
Anatole Litvak (Анатоль Литвак) (May 10, 1902 – December 15, 1974) was a Jewish Russian-born filmmaker who wrote, directed, and produced films in a various countries and languages. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for the film The Snake Pit (1948).
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Antony Hewish
Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, 11 May 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. (Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Hewish's graduate student, was not recognized, although she was the first to notice the stellar radio source that was later recognised as a pulsar.) He was also awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1969.
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Ariel Ortega
Arnaldo Ariel Ortega (born 4 March 1974) is an Argentine football attacking midfielder, who plays for River Plate. His nickname is "El Burrito" ("The Little Donkey"), thus he is called "Burrito Ortega".
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Baldur von Schirach
Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 – 8 August 1974) was a Nazi youth leader later convicted of being a war criminal. Schirach was the head of the Hitler-Jugend (HJ, Hitler Youth) and Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter ("Reich Governor") of Vienna.
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Bear Grylls
Edward Michael Grylls, nicknamed "Bear", (born 7 June 1974) is a British adventurer, writer and television presenter. He is best known for his television series Born Survivor, known as Man vs. Wild in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and India. He is the youngest Briton to climb Mount Everest, doing so at age 23. In July 2009, Grylls was appointed the youngest ever Chief Scout at the age of 35.
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Ben Wallace
Ben Camey Wallace (born September 10, 1974) is an American basketball player for the Detroit Pistons. Nicknamed "Big Ben", he plays the center and power forward positions, and is listed at and . He has won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award four times, a record he shares with Dikembe Mutombo. Wallace was a member of the Detroit Pistons team that won the NBA championship in 2004.
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Birmingham Six
The Birmingham Six were six men—Hugh Callaghan, Patrick Joseph Hill, Gerard Hunter, Richard McIlkenny, William Power and John Walker—sentenced to life imprisonment in 1975 in the United Kingdom for the Birmingham pub bombings. Their convictions were declared unsafe and overturned by the Court of Appeal on 14 March 1991. The six men were later awarded compensation ranging from £840,000 to £1.2 million.
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Breckin Meyer
Breckin Erin Meyer (born May 7, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer and drummer.
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Bud Abbott
William Alexander "Bud" Abbott (October 2, 1895 – April 24, 1974) was an American actor, producer and comedian. He is best remembered as the straight man of the comedy team of Abbott and Costello, with Lou Costello.
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Carmit Bachar
Carmit Bachar (born September 4, 1974) is an American singer, dancer, model and actress. She was a member of the successful pop/R&B; group, The Pussycat Dolls and one of the main vocalists of the group, along with Nicole Scherzinger and Melody Thornton. Bachar left the group in February 2008. She is currently recording her debut album with a debut solo single to be released early 2010.
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Carsten Ramelow
Carsten Ramelow (; born 20 March 1974) is a retired German footballer, who played as either a central defender or a defensive midfielder.
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Cass Elliott
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Cedric Bixler-Zavala
Cedric Bixler-Zavala (born November 4, 1974 in Redwood City, California) is a Grammy Award-winning Mexican-American musician known for his work as frontman and lyricist of the progressive rock band The Mars Volta, and previously as frontman and occasional guitarist of the post-hardcore punk group At the Drive-In. Cedric has a High Tenor vocal range, spanning from the G above Low C (G2) to Soprano C (C6). He has also played drums for a number of acts, including the dub act De Facto.
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Chad Hugo
Chad Hugo (born February 24, 1974) is an American musician and record producer. He is best known as one half of the music production and writing duo The Neptunes and as a member of the funk/rock band N.E.R.D. He is a saxophonist, pianist and guitarist. Along with his production partner Pharrell Williams, he has produced numerous number-one hit tracks.
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Charles Lindbergh
Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) (nicknamed "Slim," "Lucky Lindy" and "The Lone Eagle") was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Chris Pronger
Christopher Robert Pronger ( or ; born October 10, 1974) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman for the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is an alternate captain for the Flyers during away games. Originally selected 2nd overall by the Hartford Whalers in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft, Pronger has played for Hartford, the St. Louis Blues, Edmonton Oilers, and Anaheim Ducks before being traded to the Flyers before the 2009-10 season. He has appeared in the Stanley Cup finals with three different teams (Edmonton, Anaheim, and Philadelphia), winning the Cup with the Ducks in 2007. Pronger won the Hart Trophy as the league's most valuable player (for the 1999–2000 season) and was the first defenceman to win the award since Bobby Orr in 1972. A mainstay on Team Canada, Pronger won Olympic gold medals at Salt Lake City 2002 and Vancouver 2010 and is a member of the Triple Gold Club. Pronger is also one of only two former Whalers still active in the NHL (the other is Jean-Sébastien Giguère of the Toronto Maple Leafs).
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Christian Bale
Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English actor. In addition to starring roles in big budget Hollywood films, he has long been heavily involved in films produced by independent producers and art houses.
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Christian de Duve
Christian René, burgrave de Duve (born 2 October 1917) is an internationally acclaimed cytologist and biochemist. De Duve was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey, Great Britain, as a son of Belgian immigrants. They returned to Belgium in 1920. De Duve was educated by the Jesuits at Onze-Lieve-Vrouwecollege in Antwerp, before studying at the Catholic University of Leuven, where he became a professor in 1947. He specialized in subcellular biochemistry and cell biology and discovered peroxisomes and lysosomes, cell organelles.
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Christopher Gorham
Christopher Gorham (born August 14, 1974) is an American actor.
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Cornelius Ryan
Cornelius Ryan, (5 June 1920 – 23 November 1974) was an Irish-American journalist and author mainly known for his writings on popular military history, especially his World War II books: The Longest Day: June 6, 1944 D-Day (1959), The Last Battle (1966), and A Bridge Too Far (1974).
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Costinha
Francisco José Rodrigues da Costa, OIH (born 1 December 1974 in Lisbon), commonly known as Costinha (), is a retired Portuguese footballer, who played as a defensive midfielder.
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Daniel Negreanu
Daniel Negreanu (; born July 26, 1974) is a Canadian professional poker player of Romanian descent with four World Series of Poker bracelets and two World Poker Tour Championship titles. He is ranked second in the all-time career earnings list behind Phil Ivey and is also currently the star of poker game show Million Dollar Challenge.
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Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and make use of polytonality (music in more than one key at once).
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David Oistrakh
David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (, David Fiodorovič Ojstrakh; – October 24, 1974) was a Soviet violin master and virtuoso who made many recordings and was the dedicatee of numerous violin works.
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Derek Fisher
Derek Lamar Fisher (born August 9, 1974) is an American professional basketball player who plays for the Los Angeles Lakers. His NBA career has spanned more than 14 years, during which he has won 5 NBA Championships. He currently serves as the president of the National Basketball Players Association.
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Derek Jeter
Derek Sanderson Jeter (; born June 26, 1974) is an American professional baseball player. He is a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop who has played his entire career for the New York Yankees. He has served as the Yankees' team captain since 2003. Jeter's presence in the Yankees' lineup, highlighted by his hitting prowess, played an instrumental role in the team's late 1990s dynasty.
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Didier Cuche
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Donald Crisp
Donald Crisp (27 July 1882 – 25 May 1974) was an English film actor. He was also an early motion picture producer, director and screenwriter. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1942 for his performance in How Green Was My Valley.
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Donald Faison
Donald Adeosun Faison (; born June 22, 1974) is an American actor and voice actor best known for his role as Dr. Chris Turk in the ABC (formerly NBC) comedy-drama Scrubs (2001–2010).
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Dragoslav Jevrić
Dragoslav Jevrić (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгослав Јеврић; born July 8, 1974 in Ivangrad, SR Montenegro, Yugoslavia) is a Montenegrin football goalkeeper who currently plays for AC Omonia.
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Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was a composer, pianist, and big band leader.
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Earl Warren
Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was the 14th Chief Justice of the United States and the only person elected Governor of California three times. Before holding these positions, Warren served as a district attorney for Alameda County, California and Attorney General of California. He is best known for the sweeping decisions of the Warren Court, which ended school segregation and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending school prayer, and requiring "one-man-one vote" rules of apportionment. He made the Court a power center on a more even base with Congress and the presidency especially through four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Reynolds v. Sims (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
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Ed Sullivan
Edward Vincent "Ed" Sullivan (September 28, 1901 – October 13, 1974) was an American entertainment writer and television host, best known as the presenter of a TV variety show called The Ed Sullivan Show that was broadcast from 1948 until 1971. Its 23-year run made The Ed Sullivan Show one of the longest-running variety shows in U.S. broadcast history.
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Edgar Wright
Edgar Howard Wright (born 18 April 1974) is an English film and television director and writer. He is most famous for his work with Simon Pegg and Nick Frost on the films Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz and Scott Pilgrim vs. The World and TV series Spaced.
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Eric Linklater
Eric Robert Russell Linklater (8 March 1899 - 7 November 1974) was a British writer, known for more than 20 novels, as well as short stories, travel writing and autobiography, and military history.
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Ernő Rubik
Ernő Rubik (born July 13, 1944) is a Hungarian inventor, sculptor and professor of architecture. He is best known for the invention of mechanical puzzles including Rubik's Cube (1974), Rubik's Magic, Rubik's Snake and Rubik's 360.
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Eva Mendes
Eva Mendes (born March 5, 1974) is an American actress. She began acting in the late 1990s, and after a series of roles in several low-end films, she broke into more mainstream Hollywood releases, such as 2 Fast 2 Furious, Hitch, We Own the Night and The Spirit.
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Faust (musician)
Bård G. "Faust" Eithun (born: 21 April 1974) is a Norwegian drummer. He is best known for his work with early black metal band Emperor, especially on the albums As the Shadows Rise and In the Nightside Eclipse. He also writes lyrics for other bands, including Zyklon.
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Franka Potente
Franka Potente (born July 22, 1974) is a German film actress. She first appeared in the comedy After Five in the Forest Primeval (1995) and gained critical recognition in the action thriller Lola rennt (released in English as Run Lola Run) (1998). Potente received Germany's highest film and television awards for her performances in Run Lola Run and Opernball. After half a decade of critically acclaimed roles in German films, Potente gained Hollywood's attention by playing the role of Barbara Buckley in Blow (2001) and the female lead with Matt Damon in The Bourne Identity (2002). Potente has performed leading and supporting roles in a variety of low-budget and major studio films, ranging from romantic comedies and drama to science fiction and action thrillers.
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Franz Jonas
Franz Josef Jonas (October 4, 1899, Vienna - April 24, 1974, Vienna) was an Austrian political figure. He served as the seventh President of Austria, between 1965 and 1974.
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Fumiko Orikasa
is a Japanese seiyū and singer who works for Atomic Monkey. Her record label is Geneon Entertainment. Shopping is one of her hobbies. She is a skilled dancer, and is referred to as "Oririn" by fellow seiyū and fans. Her blood type is A. She also performed a fair number of anime insert and character image songs.
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Gary Hall, Jr.
For his father, also an Olympian, see Gary Hall, Sr.
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George E. Palade
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George Foreman
George Edward Foreman (born January 10, 1949) is an American two-time former World Heavyweight Boxing Champion, Olympic gold medalist, ordained Baptist minister, author and successful entrepreneur.
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Georges Pompidou
Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (; 5 July 1911 2 April 1974) was a French politician. He was Prime Minister of France from 1962 to 1968, holding the longest tenure in this position, and later President of the French Republic from 1969 until his death in 1974.
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Georgette Heyer
Georgette Heyer (16 August 1902 – 4 July 1974) was an English historical romance and detective fiction novelist. Her writing career began in 1921, when she turned a story for her younger brother into the novel The Black Moth. In 1925 Heyer married George Ronald Rougier, a mining engineer. The couple spent several years living in Tanganyika and Macedonia before returning to England in 1929. After her novel These Old Shades became popular despite its release during the General Strike, Heyer determined that publicity was not necessary for good sales. For the rest of her life, she refused to grant interviews, telling a friend: "My private life concerns no one but myself and my family."
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Georgios Grivas
Georgios Grivas (George Grivas; ) (July 5, 1898 - January 27, 1974), also known by his nom de guerre Digenis (Διγενής), which he adopted while in EOKA, was a Cyprus-born general in the Greek Army, leader of the EOKA guerrilla organization and EOKA B paramilitary organisation.
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Georgy Zhukov
Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (; – June 18, 1974) was a Russian career officer in the Red Army who, in the course of World War II, played a pivotal role in leading the Red Army through much of Eastern Europe to liberate the Soviet Union and other nations from the Axis Powers' occupation and conquer Germany's capital, Berlin. He is the most decorated general in the history of both Russia and the Soviet Union.
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Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he also became the only President of the United States who was elected neither President nor Vice-President.
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Gete Wami
Getenesh ("Gete") Wami (Ge'ez:ጌጤነሽ 'ጌጤ' ዋሚ born December 11, 1974 in Debre Berhan) is a female Ethiopian cross country and track runner.
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Giovanni Ribisi
Giovanni Ribisi (born December 17, 1974) is an American actor. His film credits include Gone in 60 Seconds, Boiler Room, Saving Private Ryan, The Mod Squad, The Gift, Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, Lost in Translation and more recently, Public Enemies and Avatar. He is also known for his role as Phoebe Buffay's brother Frank on the sitcom Friends. He also appeared in a music video for Crystal Ball by Keane.
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Glenn Morris
Glenn Edgar Morris (June 18, 1912 – January 31, 1974) was a U.S. track and field athlete. He won a gold medal in the Olympic decathlon in 1936, setting new world and Olympic records.
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Gregory Helms
Gregory Shane Helms (born July 12, 1974) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he wrestled as The Hurricane and Gregory Helms. He is also known for his time with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he wrestled as "Sugar" Shane Helms.
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Gunnar Myrdal
Karl Gunnar Myrdal (6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish Nobel Laureate economist, sociologist, and politician. He is best known in the United States for his study of race relations, which culminated in his book . The study was influential in the 1954 landmark U.S. Supreme Court Decision Brown v. the Board of Education. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Friedrich Hayek, for "their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."
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Hank Aaron
Henry Louis "Hank" Aaron (born February 5, 1934 in ) is a retired American baseball player whose Major League Baseball (MLB) career spanned the years 1954 through 1976. Aaron is widely considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time. In 1999, editors at The Sporting News ranked Hank Aaron fifth on their list of "Greatest Baseball Players".
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Harry Martinson
Harry Martinson (May 6, 1904—February 11, 1978) was a Swedish sailor, author and poet. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 together with fellow Swede Eyvind Johnson. The choice for Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson was very controversial as both were on the Nobel panel. They and Graham Greene, Saul Bellow and Vladimir Nabokov were the favored candidates that year.
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Harry Partch
Harry Partch (June 24, 1901 – September 3, 1974) was an American composer and instrument creator. He was one of the first twentieth-century composers to work extensively and systematically with microtonal scales, writing much of his music for custom-made instruments that he built himself, tuned in 11-limit (43-tone) just intonation.
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Hicham El Guerrouj
Hicham El Guerrouj (, born September 14, 1974, Berkane) is a Moroccan former middle distance runner. He is the current holder of the 1500 metres, mile and outdoor 2000 metres world records, as well as a double Olympic gold medalist.
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Hilary Swank
Hilary Ann Swank (born July 30, 1974) is an American actress. Her film career began with a small part in Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992) and then a major part in The Next Karate Kid (1994), where she played Julie Pierce, the first female protégé of sensei Mr. Miyagi. She has become known for her two Academy Award-winning performances: first as Brandon Teena, a transgender man (FTM) in the movie ''Boys Don't Cry (1999), and a struggling waitress-turned-boxer, Maggie Fitzgerald, in Million Dollar Baby'' (2004).
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Hiroo Onoda
Second Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda (小野田 寛郎 Onoda Hiroo; born March 19, 1922) is a former Japanese army intelligence officer who fought in World War II, and did not surrender until 1974, having spent almost thirty years holding out in the Philippines.
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Hiroyasu Shimizu
Hiroyasu Shimizu (清水宏保 in Japanese, born February 27, 1974 in Obihiro, Hokkaidō, Japan) is a Japanese speed skater. He has an Olympic Gold medal from 1998. He currently holds the world record for the 100m speed skating event in 9.43 seconds. He formerly held the 500m record (34.32) but was later beaten by fellow Japanese skater Joji Kato.
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Hrithik Roshan
Hrithik Roshan (Hindi: ऋतिक रोशन ; born 10 January 1974) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films.
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Imre Lakatos
Imre Lakatos (November 9, 1922 – February 2, 1974) was a philosopher of mathematics and science, known for his thesis of the fallibility of mathematics and its 'methodology of proofs and refutations' in its pre-axiomatic stages of development, and also for introducing the concept of the 'research programme' in his methodology of scientific research programmes.
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Ivri Lider
Ivri Lider (, born 10 February, 1974) is an Israeli pop rock singer-songwriter. He is one of the largest-selling contemporary artists in Israeli music, and has won the Male Singer of the Year honor from major Israeli national and local radio stations since entering the Israeli music scene in the late 1990s. His sales stand at over 200,000 albums.
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J Dilla
James Dewitt Yancey (February 7, 1974 – February 10, 2006), better known by the stage names J Dilla and Jay Dee, was an American record producer who emerged from the mid-1990s underground hip hop scene in Detroit, Michigan. According to his obituary at NPR.org, he "was one of the music industry's most influential hip-hop artists, working for big-name acts like De La Soul, Busta Rhymes and Common."
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Jack Benny
Jack Benny (February 14, 1894 – December 26, 1974), born Benjamin Kubelsky, was an American comedian, vaudevillian, and actor for radio, television, and film. Widely recognized as one of the leading American entertainers of the 20th century, Benny played the role of the comic penny-pinching miser, insisting on remaining 39 years old on stage despite his actual age, and often playing the violin badly.
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James Blunt
James Blunt (born James Hillier Blount; 22 February 1974) is the stage name adopted by the Grammy Award-nominated English singer-songwriter whose debut album, Back to Bedlam and single releases, including "You're Beautiful" and "Goodbye My Lover", brought him to fame in 2005. His repertoire is a mix of acoustic-tinged pop, rock and folk. After recording on the independent American label Custard Records, Blunt won two BRIT Awards, two Ivor Novello Awards, and by 2006 was nominated for five Grammy Awards. The following year, he released his second album All The Lost Souls (2007). Blunt's third studio album, Some Kind of Trouble, is due to be released in November 2010.
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James J. Braddock
James Walter "The Cinderella Man" Braddock (June 7, 1905 – November 29, 1974) was an Irish American boxer who held the world heavyweight championship from 1935 to 1937.
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Jason Arnott
Jason William Arnott (born October 11, 1974 in Collingwood, Ontario) is a professional ice hockey centre for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. He began his NHL career with the Edmonton Oilers in 1993–94 after being selected seventh overall in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft and was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team. A two-time NHL All-Star, Arnott won the Stanley Cup with the New Jersey Devils in 2000, scoring the championship-winning goal in the second overtime of game six. Arnott also played for the Dallas Stars before joining the Predators in 2006. On June 19, 2010 Arnott was traded back to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for forward Matt Halischuk and a second-round pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.
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Jefferson Pérez
Jefferson Leonardo Pérez Quezada (born July 1, 1974 in Cuenca) is a retired Ecuadorian race walker. He specializes in the 20 km event, in which he has won the only two medals his country has ever achieved in the Olympic Games.
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Jenna Fischer
Jenna Fischer (born March 7, 1974) is an American television and film actress. She is most widely known for her Emmy-nominated portrayal of Pam Halpert (née Beesly) on the NBC situation comedy and mockumentary The Office, and has also appeared in several films, including Blades of Glory, and The Promotion.
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Jenna Jameson
Jenna Jameson (born Jenna Marie Massoli; April 9, 1974) is an American entrepreneur and former pornographic star, who has been called the world's most famous adult-entertainment performer and "The Queen of Porn."
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Jens Jeremies
Jens Jeremies (born March 5, 1974) is a retired German footballer, who played as a defensive midfielder.
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Jerry O'Connell
'''Jeremiah "Jerry" O'Connell' (born February 17, 1974) is an American actor, best known for his roles in the TV series Sliders, Andrew Clements in My Secret Identity, Vern Tessio in the film Stand by Me, Charlie Carbone in Kangaroo Jack, and Detective Woody Hoyt on the drama Crossing Jordan''.
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Juan Domingo Perón
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Jun Seba
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Kari Byron
Kari Elizabeth Byron is a San Francisco-based television host and artist, best known for her featured role on the Discovery Channel show MythBusters.
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Kari Traa
Kari Traa (born January 28, 1974 in Voss, Norway) is a Norwegian freestyle skier. She won the Olympic title in the moguls event at the 2002 Winter Olympics, finished second at the 2006 games, and finished third at the 1998 games.
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Karisma Kapoor
Karisma Kapoor (, born 25 June 1974), often informally referred to as Lolo, is an Indian actress who appears in Bollywood films.
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Karol Kučera
Karol Kučera (born March 4, 1974 in Bratislava) is a retired ATP professional male tennis player from Slovakia. He is a former top 10 player and has been ranked as high as World No. 6.
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Kate Moss
Katherine Ann Moss (born 16 January 1974) known as Kate Moss, is an English model. She has appeared on over 300 magazine covers. She is known for her waifish figure, uncommonly short height for a fashion model, and appearances in many advertising campaigns. She is also notorious for her high-profile relationships and party lifestyle. In 2007, she came 2nd on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $9 million in one year.
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Kathryn Hahn
Kathryn Hahn (born July 23, 1974) is an American actress known for her role on the television series Crossing Jordan.
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Koji Murofushi
is a Japanese hammer thrower. He has been among the world elite since the 2001 World Championships, where he won the silver medal, and also he won the gold medal in Athens Olympics.
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Krisztina Egerszegi
Krisztina Egerszegi (; born 16 August 1974 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian former world record holding swimmer and one of the greatest Hungarian Olympic champions of the modern era. She is a three time Olympian (1988, 1992 and 1996) and five time Olympic champion; and one of two individuals to have ever won the same swimming event at 3 consecutive Summer Olympics.
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Lark Voorhies
Lark Voorhies (born March 25, 1974) is an American actress who rose to fame playing Lisa Turtle in Saved by the Bell, for which she was nominated for the Young Artist Award four times, winning in 1990 and 1993.
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Lars Frölander
Lars Arne Frölander (born 26 May 1974 in Boden) is a Swedish swimmer. He grew up Ornäs in Borlänge Municipality. He competed in 5 consecutive Olympic Games (1992, 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008). The highlight of his career was when he won the gold on the 100 metre butterfly event at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000. A couple of months earlier he twice broke the world record in the men's 100 m butterfly (short course). After some difficult years he made a successful at the European Short Course Swimming Championships in 2005 when he won his third gold of the competition.
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Laura Pausini
Laura Pausini (), , (born 16 May 1974, Solarolo, Ravenna)[[#notea|[A]]] is an Italian singer-songwriter and record producer signed to Warner Music Group since 1993. Dubbed the "Queen of Italian pop" by entertainment news outlets, Pausini is famed for her soulful voice and romantic ballads. She is also known for multilingual music productions that span five languages—her native Italian, Spanish, English, Portuguese and French.
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Leonardo DiCaprio
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (; born November 11, 1974) is an American actor and film producer. He has received multiple awards, including a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for his performance in The Aviator (2004). In addition, he has won a Silver Bear, a Chlotrudis Award and a Satellite Award among others, and has been nominated by the Screen Actors Guild and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.
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Lera Auerbach
Lera Auerbach (, full name Valeria Lvovna Auerbach, ; 21 October 1973 in Chelyabinsk, Russia) is a Russian-born composer of the 21st century.
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Louis Kahn
Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) (February 20, 1901 or 1902 – March 17, 1974) was a world-renowned American architect of Estonian Jewish origin, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935. While continuing his private practice, he served as a design critic and professor of architecture at Yale School of Architecture from 1947 to 1957. From 1957 until his death, he was a professor of architecture at the School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania. Influenced by ancient ruins, Kahn's style tends to the monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled.
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Mahesh Bhupathi
Mahesh Shrinivas Bhupathi (born June 7, 1974 in Chennai), is an Indian professional tennis player widely regarded as among the best doubles players in the world with 11 Grand Slam titles to his credit. In 1997, he became the first Indian to win a Grand Slam tournament (with Rika Hiraki).. With his win of the Australian Open Mixed Doubles in 2006, he joined the elite group of eight tennis players who have achieved a Career Mixed Doubles Grand Slam.
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Marcel Achard
Marcel Achard (b. 5 July 1899, in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, Rhône; d. 4 September 1974, Paris) was a French playwright and screenwriter whose popular sentimental comedies maintained his position as a highly-recognizable name in his country's theatrical and literary circles for five decades. He was elected to the Académie Française in 1959.
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Marcelo Salas
José Marcelo Salas Melinao (born December 24, 1974 in Temuco), better known as Marcelo Salas, is a former football player from Chile. He, with Elías Figueroa and Iván Zamorano, has been one of Chile's most recognised football players. Nicknamed El Matador, and El Fenómeno (The Phenomenon) when he started to play in Argentina, he has a deft touch with his left foot, which has led to some spectacular goals.
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Marcus Camby
Marcus D. Camby (born March 22, 1974 in ) is an American professional basketball player, who currently plays for the Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA. He is a former defensive player of the year during the 2006–07 NBA season, leading the league in blocked shots per game. Camby is also a two-time member of the NBA all-defensive team.
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Marianne Timmer
MedalCountry|the
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Mark-Paul Gosselaar
Mark-Paul Harry Gosselaar (born March 1, 1974) is an American actor. He portrayed Zack Morris in NBC's Saved by the Bell, detective John Clark in NYPD Blue, and more recently as Jerry Kellerman in TNT's Raising the Bar.
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Marley Shelton
Marley Eve Shelton (born April 12, 1974) is an American film and television actress. Shelton began her career with supporting roles in the films Grand Canyon (1991), appeared in the film The Sandlot (1993) and appeared in Trojan War (1997), co-starring Jennifer Love Hewitt.
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Masashi Kishimoto
(born 8 November, 1974) is a Japanese manga artist, well known for creating the manga series Naruto. His younger twin brother, Seishi Kishimoto, is also a manga artist and creator of the manga series 666 Satan and Blazer Drive. Two of his former assistants, Osamu Kajisa (Tattoo Hearts) and Yuuichi Itakura (''Hand's), have also gone on to moderate success following their work on Naruto''.
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Matt Hardy
Matthew "Matt" Moore Hardy (born September 23, 1974) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment, on the SmackDown brand.
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Matthew Rhys
For the rugby player see Matthew Rees.
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Maxim Vengerov
Maxim Alexandrovich Vengerov (, born August 20, 1974) is a Russian violin master, virtuoso and conductor who was born in the Soviet Union.
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Melanie Chisholm
Melanie Jayne Chisholm (born 12 January 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, actress and businesswoman. She is best known as one of the five members of the girl group Spice Girls, in which she was nicknamed "Sporty Spice". Performing as Melanie C as a solo artist, she released four albums, earned nominations for a BRIT and ECHO Awards and charted at the top of Billboard Dance Chart in the United States in late 2000.
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Mia Farrow
Mia Farrow (born Maria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow; February 9, 1945) is an American actress, singer, and former fashion model. Farrow has appeared in more than forty-five films and won numerous awards, including a Golden Globe award (and seven additional Golden Globe nominations), five BAFTA Film Award nominations, and a win for best actress at the San Sebastian International Film Festival. Farrow is also notable for her extensive humanitarian work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. She is involved in humanitarian activities in Darfur, Chad, and the Central African Republic. In 2008, she was selected by Time magazine as one of the most influential people in the world.
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Mikael Stanne
Mikael Stanne is the vocalist for the Swedish melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity.
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Mirko Filipović
Mirko Filipović (; born September 10, 1974) is a Croatian Heavyweight kickboxer, mixed martial artist and former law enforcement officer. Filipović was a member of the Croatian Parliament from 2003 through 2007. His nickname, Cro Cop, short for "Croatian Cop", comes from his membership in the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit, Croatia's elite Police Special Forces tactical unit.
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Misha Collins
Misha Collins (born August 20, 1974) is an American actor and producer. He is notable for his part as Paul Bernardo in the 2006 film Karla, and currently as the angel Castiel on the CW television series Supernatural.
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Muhammad Ali
MedalCountry|
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Natasha Henstridge
Natasha T. Henstridge (born August 15, 1974) is a Canadian fashion model turned actress. Her most notable on-screen roles include Species, The Whole Nine Yards, It Had To Be You and the Canadian TV mini-series Would Be Kings, for which she won the Gemini Award for best actress. She most recently played the role of Taylor Wethersby in the TV Series Eli Stone.
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Natasja Saad
Natasja Saad (October 31, 1974 - June 24, 2007), also known as Lil T, Little T and Natasja, was a Danish rapper and reggae singer whose vocals on a popular reggae fusion remix of "Calabria" gained her worldwide fame and a number one spot on Billboards Hot Dance Airplay chart six months after her death in a car accident.
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Ned Maddrell
Edward "Ned" Maddrell (1877 – December 27, 1974) was a fisherman from the Isle of Man who was the last surviving native speaker of the Manx language.
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Nicholas McCarthy
Nick McCarthy (born Nicholas John Augustine McCarthy 13 December 1974) is an English musician. He is the guitarist, backing/lead vocalist, and keyboardist of the Glasgow based band Franz Ferdinand.
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Nick Drake
Nicholas Rodney "Nick" Drake (19 June 1948 – 25 November 1974) was an English singer-songwriter and musician. Best known for the sombre pieces composed on his primary instrument, the guitar, Drake was also proficient at piano, clarinet and saxophone. Although he failed to find a wide audience during his lifetime, Drake's work has gradually achieved wider notice and recognition; he now ranks among the most influential English singer-songwriters of the last 50 years.
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Niklas Sundin
Niklas Sundin, (born August 13, 1974 in Sweden), is the guitarist of Dark Tranquillity and Laethora. He also wrote some of the lyrics for the first three Dark Tranquillity albums (since Projector and until Fiction lead singer Mikael Stanne has written all of Dark Tranquillity's lyrics) and In Flames album The Jester Race and continued to translate In Flames vocalist Anders Friden's lyrics from Swedish to English for the next few albums while Anders worked to become more proficient in English.
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Ole Einar Bjørndalen
MedalCountry|
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Oskar Schindler
Oskar Schindler (28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was an ethnic German industrialist born in Moravia. He is credited with saving almost 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories, which were located in what is now Poland and the Czech Republic respectively.
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Paul J. Flory
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Paul Kariya
Paul Tetsuhiko Kariya (; born October 16, 1974) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently an unrestricted free agent who is sitting out the 2010–11 NHL season because of post-concussion syndrome.
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Penelope Heyns
Penelope ("Penny") Heyns (born 8 November 1974) is a South African swimmer, who is best known for being the only woman in the history of the Olympic Games to have won both the 100 m and 200 m breaststroke events - at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games - making her South Africa's first post-apartheid Olympic gold medallist following South Africa's re-admission to the Games in 1992. Along with Australian champion, Leisel Jones, Heyns is regarded as one of the greatest breaststroke swimmers.
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Peng Dehuai
Peng Dehuai () (October 24, 1898 – November 29, 1974) was a prominent military leader of the Communist Party of China, and China's Defence Minister from 1954 to 1959. Peng was an important commander during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese civil war and was also the commander-in-chief of People's Volunteer Army in the Korean War. He fell from favour after criticizing Mao's policies in the Great Leap Forward and suffered greatly through the Cultural Revolution, leading to his eventual death.
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Penélope Cruz
Penélope Cruz Sánchez (born April 28, 1974), better known as Penélope Cruz, is a Spanish actress. At 15, she was signed by an agent. She made her acting debut at 16 on television, and her feature film debut the following year in Jamón, jamón (1992), to critical acclaim. Her subsequent roles in the 1990s and 2000s included Open Your Eyes (1997), The Hi-Lo Country (1999), The Girl of Your Dreams (2000) and Woman on Top (2000). Cruz achieved recognition for her lead roles in Vanilla Sky and Blow. Both films were released in 2001 and were commercially successful worldwide.
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People (magazine)
People (originally called People Weekly) is a weekly American magazine of celebrity and human-interest stories, published by Time Inc. As of 2006, it has a circulation of 3.75 million and revenue expected to top $1.5 billion. It was named "Magazine of the Year" by Advertising Age in October 2005, for excellence in editorial, circulation and advertising. People ranked #6 on Advertising Age's annual "A-list" and #3 on ''Adweek's'' "Brand Blazers" list in October 2006.
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Percy Montgomery
Percival Colin "Percy" Montgomery (born 15 March 1974 in Walvis Bay, South West Africa, now Namibia) is a retired South African rugby union footballer. When he ended his international career in August 2008, he held the all-time records for both caps and points for South Africa's national team, also known as the Springboks.
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Peter Revson
Peter Jeffrey Revson (February 27, 1939 - March 22, 1974) was a racecar driver from United States who had successes in Formula One and the Indianapolis 500.
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Petter Solberg
Petter "Hollywood" Solberg (born 18 November 1974 in Askim), from Spydeberg in Østfold, Norway, is a professional rally driver. He debuted in the World Rally Championship in 1998 and was signed by the Ford factory team in 1999. The following year, Solberg started his successful partnership with the Subaru World Rally Team.
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Philippe Léonard
Philippe Léonard (born 14 February 1974 in Liège) is a retired Belgian footballer, who played as a left defender.
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Pietro Germi
Pietro Germi (14 September 1914, Genoa - 5 December 1974) was an Italian actor, screenwriter, and director. Germi was born in Genoa, Liguria, to a lower-middle class family. He was a messenger and briefly attended nautical school before deciding on a career in acting.
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Pär Lagerkvist
Pär Fabian Lagerkvist (23 May 1891 — 11 July 1974) was a Swedish author who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1951.
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Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shi Huangdi (秦始皇) (259 BC – 210 BC), personal name Ying Zheng (嬴政), was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 BC to 221 BC during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC. He ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 49.
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Rasheed Wallace
Rasheed Abdul Wallace (born September 17, 1974) is a retired American professional basketball player. A native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he played college basketball at the University of North Carolina before joining the NBA.
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Ray Park
Raymond Park (born 23 August 1974) is a British actor, stuntman and martial artist, best known for his portrayal of the physical part of Darth Maul in , Toad in X-Men, Snake-Eyes in , and Edgar on Heroes.
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Rey Mysterio, Jr.
Oscar Gutierrez (born December 11, 1974) is a Mexican-American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Rey Mysterio. He is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), wrestling on its SmackDown brand. Gutiérrez was trained by his uncle Rey Misterio and wrestled early on in Mexico where he learned the Lucha Libre high flying style that has been his trademark. Despite weighing only Gutiérrez has achieved success wrestling in both the heavyweight and cruiserweight weightclasses, as well as tag team competition. He is also known for the way he follows the Mexican luchador traditions.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974, having formerly been the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. A member of the Republican Party, he was the only President to resign the office as well as the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency.
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Rik Verbrugghe
Rik Verbrugghe (born July 23, 1974 in Tienen, Flemish Brabant) is a Belgian former professional road racing cyclist. In 1996, Verbrugghe turned pro and has since become a Belgian time trial champion, competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, won a stage at the Tour de France, three stages at the Giro d'Italia, and the one-day Ardennes classics—La Flèche Wallonne, and the overall and two stages of the Critérium International. In 2008 he announced his retirement, and subsequent role as team director at Quick Step for the 2009 season.
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Robbie Williams
Robert Peter "Robbie" Williams (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, vocal coach and occasional actor. He is a member of the pop group Take That. Williams rose to fame in the band's first run in the early- to mid-1990s. After many disagreements with the management and certain group members, Williams left the group in 1995 to launch his solo career. On 15 July 2010, it was announced he had rejoined Take That and that the group intended to release a new album in November 2010.
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Rocky Gray
William "Rocky" Gray (born July 2, 1974 in Jacksonville, Arkansas, U.S.) is a drummer and guitarist who has been part of the Arkansas metal scene since the early 90's and is best known as the lead guitarist for Living Sacrifice and former drummer for Evanescence. Gray is married to Renée Gray with two children, Abraham and Madison, and currently resides in Little Rock, Arkansas. He is now a member of rock band We Are the Fallen.
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Ryan Seacrest
Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American radio personality, television host, network producer and voice actor. He is the host of On Air with Ryan Seacrest, a nationally syndicated Top 40 radio show that airs on KIIS-FM in Los Angeles and throughout the United States and Canada on Premiere Radio Networks, and the internationally syndicated chart show American Top 40, also syndicated by Premiere Radio Networks. On television, Seacrest hosts E! News, and ''American Idol.
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Samuel Goldwyn
Samuel Goldwyn (August 17, 1879 January 31, 1974) was an American film producer, and founding contributor executive of several motion picture studios.
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Sander Westerveld
Sander Westerveld (born 23 October 1974 in Enschede) is a Dutch professional football goalkeeper. He left Sparta Rotterdam at the end of the 2007-08 Eredivise season and is currently playing for Monza.
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Santino Marella
Anthony Carelli (born March 14, 1979) is a Canadian professional wrestler of Italian descent best known as Santino Marella in World Wrestling Entertainment. He is currently wrestling on the Raw brand. His gimmick is an Italian stereotype. Since competing for WWE, he has become a two-time Intercontinental Champion.
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Satyendra Nath Bose
Satyendra Nath Bose ( Shottendronath Boshu ), (1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974), FRS, was an Indian physicist specializing in mathematical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. He is honoured as the namesake of the boson. He was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 by the Government of India.
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Sean MacBride
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Sebastien Loeb
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Seth Green
Seth Benjamin Gesshel Green (born February 8, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, voice actor, and television producer. He is well known for his role as Daniel "Oz" Osbourne in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, as well as Dr. Evil's son Scott in the "Austin Powers" series of comedy films and Mitch Miller in ''That '70s Show. He also voices the characters of Chris Griffin on Family Guy, Lieutenant Gibbs in Titan Maximum, Jeff "Joker" Moreau in the Mass Effect video game series, and is one of the creators and producers of the stop motion comedy series Robot Chicken, in which he also voices many characters. Green appeared in many other movies, such as Rat Race, The Italian Job, Can't Hardly Wait, as a child in Stephen King's It and as Dan in the 2004 movie Without a Paddle''.
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Shavo Odadjian
Shavarsh "Shavo" Odadjian (born April 22, 1974 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian-American songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, music video director/editor, music producer, and artist/painter. He is best known as the bassist and occasional songwriter of the Grammy Award-winning rock band, System of a Down. The band has been on hiatus since 2006, and Odadjian has since been working on a plethora of projects, namely Achozen with The RZA, and his virtual online art district/networking site, Ursession.
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Sol Campbell
Sulzeer Jeremiah "Sol" Campbell (born 18 September 1974) is an English footballer currently playing for Newcastle United. A central defender, Campbell has also played for Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal, Portsmouth and Notts County, as well as the English national team.
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Stephen King
Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of contemporary horror, suspense, science fiction and fantasy fiction. His books have sold more than 500 million copies and have been made into many movies. He is known for novels such as Carrie, The Shining, The Stand, It, Misery, and the seven-novel series The Dark Tower, which King wrote over a period of 27 years. As of 2010, King has written and published 49 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, five non-fiction books, and nine collections of short stories including Night Shift, Skeleton Crew, and ''Everything's Eventual''. Many of his stories are set in his homestate of Maine. He has collaborated with authors Peter Straub and Stewart O'Nan. Some of his novels have been also been turned into comic books, such are The Stand, The Talisman, and The Dark Tower series.
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Steve Nash
Stephen John Nash, OC, OBC (born 7 February 1974) is a Canadian professional basketball player who plays point guard for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nash, who was born in South Africa to British parents but grew up in Canada, enjoyed a successful high-school basketball career, and he was eventually given a scholarship by Santa Clara University. In his four seasons with the Broncos, the team made three NCAA Tournament appearances, and Nash was twice named the West Coast Conference Player of the Year.
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Steve-O
Steve-O (born Stephen Gilchrist Glover on June 13, 1974) is a daredevil and television personality. He is best known as one of the performers on the TV series Jackass and Wildboyz.
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Takahiro Sakurai
is a voice actor who was born in Aichi. He is a member of 81 Produce; his height is 176 centimetres (5 feet, 9 inches).
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Tiffani Thiessen
Tiffani Thiessen (born Tiffani-Amber Thiessen; January 23, 1974) is an American actress best known for her roles as Kelly Kapowski in Saved by the Bell and as Valerie Malone in Beverly Hills, 90210. She is also known for her role on Fastlane as Wilhelmina 'Billie' Chambers. As of 2009, she plays the role of Elizabeth Burke, in White Collar. After many years of going by her full name, Tiffani-Amber Thiessen, she is now credited as simply Tiffani Thiessen.
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Tim Henman
Timothy Henry "Tim" Henman OBE (born 6 September 1974) is a British retired professional tennis player and former British Number One. Henman played a serve-and-volley style of tennis that suited the grass courts of Wimbledon. He was the first player from the United Kingdom since Roger Taylor in the 1970s to reach the semi-finals of the Wimbledon Men's Singles Championship. Having reached six Grand Slam semi-finals, won 15 career ATP titles (11 in singles and 4 in doubles), and been ranked number 4 in the world, Henman was one of Britain's most successful open era male tennis players. He retired after helping Great Britain defeat Croatia in a Davis Cup match played in September 2007.
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Tomi Putaansuu
Tomi Petteri Putaansuu (born 15 February 1974, Rovaniemi, Finland), better known by his stage name Mr. Lordi, is the lead vocalist in the Finnish heavy metal/hard rock band Lordi. Mr. Lordi, who has been interested in hard rock since he was a boy, is a fan of Kiss. He formed Lordi, a hard rock band. He studied film making in Tornio and, while there, created Lordi's first music video.
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Tor Arne Hetland
Tor Arne Hetland (born 12 January 1974) is a professional Norwegian cross-country skier.
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Tricia Helfer
Tricia Janine Helfer (born April 11, 1974) is a Canadian actress and former model, best known for her role as Number Six in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica miniseries and television series, her role as "Carla" on Burn Notice, Dark Blue as FBI Special Agent Alex Rice, and for hosting the first season of ''Canada's Next Top Model''.
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U Thant
U Thant (; ; ; January 22, 1909 – November 25, 1974) was a Burmese diplomat and the third Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1961 to 1971. He was chosen for the post when his predecessor, Dag Hammarskjöld, died in September 1961.
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Victoria Beckham
Victoria Caroline Beckham (née Adams; born 17 April 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, dancer, model, occasional actress, fashion designer and businesswoman.
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Victoria Silvstedt
Karin Victoria Silvstedt (born 19 September 1974) is a Swedish celebrity model, actress, singer and television personality.
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Vittorio De Sica
Vittorio De Sica (7 July 1901 or 1902 – 13 November 1974) was an Italian director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement.
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Vladimir Fock
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock (or Fok, ) (December 22, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.
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Walter Brennan
Walter Brennan (July 25, 1894 – September 21, 1974) was an American actor. Brennan won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor three times and is tied with Jack Nicholson for the most Academy Award wins for a male actor.
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Walter Lippmann
Walter Lippmann (23 September 1889 – 14 December 1974) was an American intellectual, writer, reporter, and political commentator who gained notoriety for the introduction of the concept of Cold War for the first time in the world. Lippmann was twice awarded (1958 and 1962) a Pulitzer Prize for his syndicated newspaper column, “Today and Tomorrow”.
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Xi'an
'''Xi'an''' (; Postal map spelling: Sian; () historically known as Cháng'ān), is the capital of the Shaanxi province in the People's Republic of China and a sub-provincial city. As one of the oldest cities in Chinese history, Xi'an is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China because it has been the capital (under various names) of some of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, including the Zhou, Qin, Han, the Sui, and Tang dynasties. Xi'an is the eastern terminus of the Silk Road and home of the Terracotta Army which was made during the Qin Dynasty. The city has more than 3,100 years of history, and was known as '''Chang'an''' () before the Ming Dynasty.
http://wn.com/Xi'an -
Zsófia Polgár
http://wn.com/Zsófia_Polgár
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Atlanta
Atlanta (, ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. Atlanta had an estimated population of about 540,900 people. Its metropolitan area is the ninth largest in the country, inhabited by more than 5.4 million people. The Atlanta Combined Statistical Area has a population approaching six million, making it the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. Like many areas in the Sun Belt, the Atlanta region has seen explosive growth since about 1976, and it added about 1.1 million residents between 2000 and 2008.
http://wn.com/Atlanta -
Belgrade
Belgrade (Serbian: Београд, Beograd - ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. With a population of 1,630,000 (official estimate 2007), Belgrade is the fourth largest city in Southeastern Europe, after Istanbul, Athens and Bucharest. Its name in Serbian translates to White city.
http://wn.com/Belgrade -
Birmingham
Birmingham ( , locally ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England. It is the most populous British city outside London with a population of 1,028,700 (2009 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the United Kingdom's second most populous Urban Area with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area, which includes surrounding towns to which it is closely tied through commuting, is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
http://wn.com/Birmingham -
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil -
Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
http://wn.com/Cairo -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
http://wn.com/Croatia -
Cyprus
Cyprus (; , Kýpros, ; ), – officially the Republic of Cyprus (, Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía, ; ) – is a Eurasian island country in the Eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey and west of Syria and Lebanon. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of its most popular tourist destinations. An advanced, high-income economy with a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004.
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Dublin
Dublin (; locally or ) is the primate and capital city of Ireland. It is officially known in Irish as Baile Átha Cliath or Áth Cliath . The English name is derived from the Irish Dubh Linn (meaning "black pool"). The city has an urban population of over 1 million people and is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. Originally founded as a Viking settlement, it evolved into the Kingdom of Dublin and became the island's primary city following the Norman invasion. It is currently ranked 29th in the Global Financial Centres Index, has one of the fastest growing populations of any European capital city, and is listed by the GaWC as a global city (with a ranking of Alpha), placing Dublin among the top 30 cities in the world. It is a historical and contemporary cultural centre for the country, as well as a modern centre of education, the arts, administration, economy and industry.
http://wn.com/Dublin -
Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, and by southwestern Albania, including Saranda and Himara, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and Lefkas to the east. The islands are collectively referred to as the Ionian Islands, and other islands include the Strophades, Sphagia, Schiza, Sapientza and Kythira. The sea is one of the most seismic areas in the world.
http://wn.com/Ionian_Sea -
Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
http://wn.com/Israel -
Italicus Expressen
http://wn.com/Italicus_Expressen -
Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
http://wn.com/Italy -
Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
http://wn.com/Japan -
Joelma Building
The Joelma Building is a 25 floor skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil, located at 225 Avenida 9 de Julho. At 8:50am on 1 February 1974, an air conditioning unit on the twelfth floor overheated, starting a fire. There were 756 people in the building at the time. Because flammable materials had been used to furnish the interior, the entire building was engulfed in flames within 20 minutes. The fire was extinguished at 1:30pm. 179 people were killed and 300 injured.
http://wn.com/Joelma_Building -
Kinshasa
Kinshasa (formerly French: Léopoldville, and Dutch: ) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, known as Zaire from 1971 to 1997. The city is located on the Congo River.
http://wn.com/Kinshasa -
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur (translated as: "muddy confluence," "muddy estuary," and "muddy city"; in English; Malay , locally or even , and often abbreviated as K.L.) is the capital and largest city of Malaysia. The city proper, making up an area of , has an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2006. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is the fastest growing metropolitan region in the country, in terms of population as well as economy.
http://wn.com/Kuala_Lumpur -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia -
Monaghan
Monaghan () is the county town of County Monaghan in Ireland. It's population at the 2006 census stood at 7,811 (including rural area). The town is located on the main road, the N2 road, from Dublin north to both Derry and Letterkenny.
http://wn.com/Monaghan -
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, ) is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's self-described mission statement is to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research."
http://wn.com/NASA -
Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands -
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
http://wn.com/Nobel_Peace_Prize -
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines -
Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
http://wn.com/Portugal -
Republic Of Ireland
http://wn.com/Republic_Of_Ireland -
Spokane, Washington
Spokane (, ) is a city located in the Northwestern United States in the state of Washington. It is the largest city and county seat of Spokane County, as well as the metropolitan center of the Inland Northwest region. The city is located on the Spokane River in Eastern Washington, 110 miles (180 km) south of the Canadian border, approximately from the Washington-Idaho border, and east of Seattle.
http://wn.com/Spokane_Washington -
São Paulo
São Paulo ( "St. Paul"; , , or commonly ) is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere, and the world's 7th largest metropolitan area. The city is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous Brazilian state. The name of the city honors Saint Paul. São Paulo exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo is considered an Alpha - World City.
http://wn.com/São_Paulo -
The Hague
The Hague (with capital T; Dutch: ', officially also ') is the third largest city in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam, with a population of 485,818 (as of May 31, 2009) (population of agglomeration: 1,011,459) and an area of approximately 100 km². It is located in the west of the country, in the province of South Holland, of which it is also the provincial capital. The Hague is, like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and Almere, part of the Randstad metropolitan area, with 6,659,300 inhabitants.
http://wn.com/The_Hague -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
TWA Flight 514
TWA Flight 514, registration N54328, was a Boeing 727-231 en route from Indianapolis, Indiana, and Columbus, Ohio, to Washington Dulles International that crashed into Mount Weather, Virginia, on December 1, 1974. All 85 passengers and 7 crew members were killed.
http://wn.com/TWA_Flight_514 -
U.S.
http://wn.com/US -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
West Germany
West Germany () is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG () in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period, during which Germany and Berlin were divided, ended when communist East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the eleven states of the Federal Republic of Germany. The enlarged Federal Republic of Germany with sixteen states (known simply as "Germany") is thus the continuation of the pre-1990 Federal Republic of Germany, and not its successor.
http://wn.com/West_Germany -
Xi'an
'''Xi'an''' (; Postal map spelling: Sian; () historically known as Cháng'ān), is the capital of the Shaanxi province in the People's Republic of China and a sub-provincial city. As one of the oldest cities in Chinese history, Xi'an is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China because it has been the capital (under various names) of some of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, including the Zhou, Qin, Han, the Sui, and Tang dynasties. Xi'an is the eastern terminus of the Silk Road and home of the Terracotta Army which was made during the Qin Dynasty. The city has more than 3,100 years of history, and was known as '''Chang'an''' () before the Ming Dynasty.
http://wn.com/Xi'an -
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Jugoslavija; Macedonian, Serbian Cyrillic: Југославија) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Yugoslavia -
Zagreb
Zagreb () is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is situated in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. In 2008, Zagreb's population was 804,200.
http://wn.com/Zagreb
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The Knux - 1974 ft. Natalia Kills
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Published: 01 Mar 2012
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: TheKnuxVEVO
Music video by The Knux performing 1974. (C) 2012 Interscope Records
http://wn.com/The_Knux__1974_ft_Natalia_Kills
Seasons In The Sun - Terry Jacks 1974
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Published: 21 Jan 2008
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: kahkeshansard
Seasons in the Sun" was a worldwide hit song for Terry Jacks in 1974. It was first released in the United States and Canada early in the year, and rose to number one in America by March 2. An earlier recording appeared on The Kingston Trio's 1963 album, Time to Think. The song had also been done by English band The Fortunes in 1968, and by Pearls Before Swine in 1970/71. The song was based on "Le Moribond" ("The Dying Man"), written by Jacques Brel in 1961. Brel's song was translated into English by poet Rod McKuen and this version was first recorded by Bob Shane of the Kingston Trio, but it did not sell. The Beach Boys also recorded the song but it was never released. Terry Jacks, who had participated in the Beach Boys recording, and who had in fact introduced the song to the group, rewrote part of the lyrics to "lighten them up." Jacks' revisions tended to add a bit of ambiguity as to the nature of the storyteller's demise, allowing listeners the option to choose whether the death is from suicide over a failed life - quite possibly to escape drug addiction - or someone accepting death from natural causes, or cancer. References to a cheating wife were also removed.
http://wn.com/Seasons_In_The_Sun__Terry_Jacks_1974
![The Hollies - The air that I breathe [1974] Original Version [HQ]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120326094939im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Bb7S8-Iewi0/0.jpg "The Hollies - The air that I breathe [1974] Original Version [HQ]")
The Hollies - The air that I breathe [1974] Original Version [HQ]
The Hollies - The Air That I Breathe [1974]original LP version
http://wn.com/The_Hollies__The_air_that_I_breathe_ 1974 _Original_Version_ HQ
Joni Mitchell - Help Me (1974)
Studio version , lyrics , pics. jonimitchell.com Help me I think I'm falling In love again When I get that crazy feeling I know I'm in trouble again I'm in trouble Cause you're a rambler and a gambler And a sweet taIking ladies man And you love your lovin' But not like you love your freedom Help me I think I'm falling In love too fast It's got me hoping for the future And worrying about the past "Cause I've seen some hot hot blazes Come down to smoke and ash" We love our lovin' But not like we love our freedom Didn't it feel good We were sitting there talking Or lying there not talking Didn't it feel good You dance with the lady With the hole in her stocking Didn't it feel good Didn't it feel good Help me I think I'm falling In love with you Are you going to let me go there by myself That's such a lonely thing to do Both of us flirting around Flirting and flirting Hurting too We love our lovin' But not like we love our freedom
http://wn.com/Joni_Mitchell__Help_Me_1974
Pink Floyd Live At Wembley November 1974 - The Dark Side Of The Moon (FULL CONCERT)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 55:30
- Published: 24 Sep 2011
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: InterstellarFactory
This is the full perfomance of the legendary concert. Visit whypinkfloyd.com and youtube.com/pinkfloyd Search for Interstellar Factory on the web... ***FAIR USE*** This is only to spread the Pink Floyd music. No copyright infringement intended. Copyright by Pink Floyd
http://wn.com/Pink_Floyd_Live_At_Wembley_November_1974__The_Dark_Side_Of_The_Moon_FULL_CONCERT
Eurovision Song Contest 1974 - full contest
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 109:34
- Published: 29 Sep 2011
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
- Author: Euroensiklopediya
The Dome, Brighton, United Kingdom Saturday 6th of April 1974, 20:30-22:20 local time. eurovision song contest esc 1974 brighton england united kingdom great britain northern ireland abba waterloo winner eurosong melodi grand prix mgp jugovizija evrovizija Евровидение победитель אירוויזיון זוכה performer live pop music performance europe europa ballads uptempo seventies old radio television
http://wn.com/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974__full_contest
Pink Floyd - 1974 - The Dark Side Of The Moon - Live In London (FULL CONCERT)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 55:30
- Published: 23 Feb 2012
- Updated: 08 Mar 2012
- Author: Pr04oK92Poz
Live At Earl's Court Wembley 1974
http://wn.com/Pink_Floyd__1974__The_Dark_Side_Of_The_Moon__Live_In_London_FULL_CONCERT
Jerry Garcia Band - Someday Baby - 09-01-1974
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Published: 23 Mar 2012
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: OobyScoobyDoomsday
1st September 1974 - Set 2 Keystone, Berkeley, CA Technically this is a Legion of Mary show, but there's very little info to be found online about it. It's archived in most places as the Jerry Garcia & Merl Saunders Band, which it isn't, and it's pretty easy to pick out Martin Fierro on this one. So we can assume the lineup was Garcia/Saunders/Kahn/Fierro/Humphrey. A great show with tons of highlights. Someday Baby is probably better known as the Muddy Waters song Trouble No More, which the Allman Bros covered on their first album. Yes, it goes black. :)
http://wn.com/Jerry_Garcia_Band__Someday_Baby__09-01-1974
1974 - White Heat - Episode 4 - BBC Two
More about this programme: www.bbc.co.uk It's 1979 and Charlotte and Victor are getting close on the dancefloor, which isn't going to go unnoticed by Jack. The moment is interrupted when Victor has to leave to run an urgent errand.
http://wn.com/1974__White_Heat__Episode_4__BBC_Two
Big Bad Mama (1974)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 84:09
- Published: 23 Dec 2011
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: cultmoviesdownload
Mama and daughters get forced by circumstances into bootlegging and bank robbing, and travel across the country trailed by the law.
http://wn.com/Big_Bad_Mama_1974
Hearts and Minds 1974 Won Oscar for Best Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 112:06
- Published: 19 Aug 2011
- Updated: 20 Mar 2012
- Author: quocchung78
Eagles - Best of My Love ( 1974 )
Studio version , lyrics , pics. www.eaglesband.com Every night I'm lyin' in bed Holdin' you close in my dreams Thinkin' about all the things that we said Comin' apart at the seams We try to talk it over But the words come out too rough I know you were tryin' To give me the best of your love Beautiful faces and loud, empty places Look at the way that we live Wastin' our time on cheap talk and wine Left us so little to give That same old crowd was like a cold dark cloud That we could never rise above But here in my heart I give you the best of my love Oh, sweet darlin', you get the best of my love (You get the best of my love) Oh, sweet darlin', you get the best of my love (You get the best of my love) I'm goin' back in time And it's a sweet dream It was a quiet night and I would be all right If I could go on sleepin' But every mornin' I wake up and worry What's gonna happen today You see it your way, and I see it mine But we both see it slippin' away You know we always had each other, baby I guess that wasn't enough Oh, but here in my heart, I give you the best of my love Oh, sweet darlin', you get the best of my love (The best of my love) Oh, sweet darlin', you get the best of my love (The best of my love) Oh, sweet darlin', every night and day you get the best of my love (The best of my love) Oh, sweet darlin', you get the best of my love (The best of my love) Oh, sweet darlin', you get the best of my love (You get the best of my love) (The best of my love) Studio <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Eagles__Best_of_My_Love__1974_
Olivia Newton-John - I HONESTLY LOVE YOU - 1974
Lovely live Livvy performance.
http://wn.com/Olivia_Newton-John__I_HONESTLY_LOVE_YOU__1974
Real Madrid - Barcelona 1974 0-5 - FULL MATCH - 1/6
This is Johan Cruyff's first Clasico. And for many, it is still the most memorable Clasico of them all. Madrid had comfortably dominated La Liga that season, until Barcelona were finally permitted to field their new signing: Johan Cruyff. From that moment, Madrid's lead began to crumble as Barcelona won match after match. The direct confrontation inside Madrid's Bernabeu stadium would decide the course of the season. Madrid's hopes were pinned on their German playmaker Günter Netzer, but watch what happens as a Cruyff-led Barca sets out to destroy Real Madrid's aura of invincibility. (from 4dfoot.com)
http://wn.com/Real_Madrid__Barcelona_1974_0-5__FULL_MATCH__1/6
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre - Original Trailer 1974
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Published: 10 Jan 2011
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: horrornymphs
Nothing beats the original Texas Chainsaw Massacre...cult frenzy horror that just can't be remade today. But, stay tuned for Leatherface 3D!
http://wn.com/The_Texas_Chainsaw_Massacre__Original_Trailer_1974
Gone In 60 Seconds (1974) Full Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 97:48
- Published: 16 Oct 2011
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
- Author: EnglishWarrior500
Actor and Director HB Halicki makes this great action movie about an Insurance investigator named Maindrian Pace who leads double-lives with his team as unstoppable car thieves. Then a South American drug lord pays Pace to steal 48 cars for him. All of the cars, except a 1973 Ford Mustang are in the bag. As Pace prepares to rip-off the fastback, codenamed "Eleanor", in Long Beach, he is unaware that his boss has tipped off the police after a business dispute. Detectives are waiting and pursue Pace through five cities as he desperately tries to get away. Sorry for the subtitles. DISCLAIMER Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
http://wn.com/Gone_In_60_Seconds_1974_Full_Movie
Golden Earring ~ Radar Love ~ 1974 ~ HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Published: 15 Aug 2011
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: ConcordBeltCreations
Golden Earring performing Radar Love during Burt Sugarman's The Midnight Special which aired on July 5th, 1974.
http://wn.com/Golden_Earring_~_Radar_Love_~_1974_~_HD
Soul Train 1974
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Published: 25 Feb 2010
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
- Author: LezArtsUrbains
Soul Train Line Dance to Earth Wind & Fire's "Mighty Mighty" (episode# 104, 1974). To license this footage, go to GLOBALIMAGEWORKS.COM. Subscribe to our channel and stay tuned...we will be adding new clips each week.
http://wn.com/Soul_Train_1974
Rome Total War Online Battle #1974: 4 Player Free-For-All (Live-Commentary)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:01
- Published: 21 Jan 2012
- Updated: 22 Mar 2012
- Author: PrinceofMacedon
Time for a 4 player Free-For-All. THE PLAYAS: - Prince_of_Macedon (Germania) - arrow2daknee (Macedon) - JP (Gaul) - xploder_uv_pigz (Julii Rome) RULES: - normal (unit scale) - CWB - Last Man Standing - 10000 (denarii)
http://wn.com/Rome_Total_War_Online_Battle_#1974_4_Player_Free-For-All_Live-Commentary
Rush Working Man Original Drummer John Rutsey 1974 Live!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Published: 04 Jul 2010
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: retronovation7
Rare footage of Rush playing "Working Man" with original drummer John Rutsey Rush all rights reserved uploaded for entertainment purposes only. Clip from the Official Rush Documentary, "Rush Beyond the Lighted Stage" www.rushbeyondthelightedstage.com
http://wn.com/Rush_Working_Man_Original_Drummer_John_Rutsey_1974_Live!
Joni Mitchell - A Case of You (live 1974)
Joni Mitchell performs "A Case of You" live in London in April 1974.
http://wn.com/Joni_Mitchell__A_Case_of_You_live_1974
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23 Mar 2012
BISSAU, Guinea-Bissau — A relative of Guinea-Bissau's former military chief says he is seeking refuge at a European Union compound in the capital after another ex-official was killed hours after...
photo: US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Scott Pittman
22 Mar 2012
On March 15, American Defense Secretary Leon Panetta remarked that “terrorists cannot be the friends of any country. Terrorists are terrorists.” Yet Panetta is mistaken. His own Defense Department and...
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The Wichita Eagle
Grace Kuschnereit knows the routine. She’s attended Kansas Department of Corrections public comment sessions before. Although she recently moved from Wichita to Aurora, Colo., Kuschnereit will return to Kansas next month to urge the state’s Prisoner Review Board not to release the man...(size: 4.0Kb)
The Examiner
The year 2012 marks the 38th year for the Fest for Beatles Fans. Mark Lapidos held his first Fest was at the New York Commodore Hotel the weekend of Sept. 7-8, 1974. In April of that year, he met with John Lennon and told him about his idea to hold a Beatles fan convention. "I'm all for it. I'm a...(size: 7.5Kb)
Rub Out the Words: The Letters of William Burroughs 1959-1974 edited by Bill Morgan – review
24 Mar 2012
The Guardian
James Campbell on William Burroughs in London, pen in one hand, razor-blade in the other...(size: 1.8Kb)
Chicago: Four Albums Recorded Between 1972-1974
23 Mar 2012
The Examiner
The Doors in Perspective atelier Examples of Dos and Don'ts Marcus Singletary Glendale Music Examiner RSSSubscribe Follow UsTwitter...(size: 2.3Kb)
New York Daily News
A long-missing U.S. Marine declared AWOL in 1974 was actually DOA, with his body unidentified for decades after his California murder. The remains of Oral Stuart Jr. of Des Moines, Iowa, spent 37 years as John Doe #155 before police in Long Branch, Calif., were able to come up with his name...(size: 1.9Kb)
The Examiner
A body found at a condo-complex in California, in 1974, has been identified as that of a Marine who had previously been listed as a deserter for nearly four decades. Thirty-seven years after the crime, the once-thought deserter has a name, Oral Stuart, Jr. of Des Moines Iowa, age 18 at the time of...(size: 6.0Kb)
Fox News
Long Beach Police Department A body found naked in 1974 at a California condominium complex is a U.S. Marine from Iowa who had been listed as a deserter from Camp Pendleton, authorities said yesterday. A body found naked in 1974 at a California condominium complex is a U.S. Marine from Iowa who had...(size: 2.8Kb)
Body found in Calif. in 1974 is Iowa Marine
20 Mar 2012
Austin American Statesman
LONG BEACH, Calif. — A body found naked in 1974 at a California condominium complex is a U.S. Marine from Iowa who had been listed as a deserter from Camp Pendleton, authorities said Monday. The man known for more than 37 years as "John Doe (hash)155" is Oral Stuart Jr. of Des Moines, Long...(size: 7.3Kb)
Authorities say body found in California in 1974 is Iowa Marine missing from Camp Pendleton
19 Mar 2012
Star Tribune
LONG BEACH, Calif. - Authorities have learned a body found naked outside a Southern California condominium in 1974 is a...(size: 0.8Kb)
__NOTOC__
Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. It was also the 1974th year of the Common Era, the 974th year of the 2nd millennium, the 74th year of the 20th century, and the 4th year of the 1970s.
January 26 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP forms the new government of Turkey (37th government, partner MSP )
February 1
* Fire breaks out in the Joelma Building in São Paulo, Brazil; 177 die, 293 are injured, 11 die later of their injuries.
* Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, was declared as a Federal Territory.
February 8 – After a record 84 days in orbit, the crew of ''Skylab 4'' returns to Earth.
February 17 – A soccer stampede occurs in Cairo, killing 49.
March 3 – Turkish Airlines Flight 981 travelling from Paris to London crashes in a woods near Paris, killing all 346 aboard.
March 4 – ''People'' magazine's first issue released. Mia Farrow is on the cover.
March 8 – Charles de Gaulle Airport opens in Paris, France.
March 10 – A Japanese World War II soldier, Second Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda, surrenders in the Philippines.
March 18 – End of Oil embargo crisis: Most OPEC nations end a 5-month oil embargo against the United States, Europe and Japan.
March 29 – The Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang is discovered at Xi'an, China.
April 6 – Swedish pop group ABBA win the 1974 Eurovision Song Contest with ''Waterloo''.
April 8 – Hank Aaron became the all-time MLB home run leader with this 715th at Atlanta in front of a national television audience.
April 11 – The Kiryat Shmona massacre took place in Israel.
April 24 – Stephen King publishes ''Carrie'', his first novel under his own name.
April 25 – ''Carnation Revolution'': A coup in Portugal restores democracy.
May 4
* An all-female Japanese team summits Manaslu in Nepal, becoming the first women to climb an 8,000 metre peak.
* The Expo '74 World's Fair opens in Spokane, Washington.
May 17 – Dublin and Monaghan bombings: The Protestant terrorist group, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), explode numerous bombs in Dublin and Monaghan, in the Republic Of Ireland. The attacks kill 33 civilians and wound almost 300, which is the highest number of casualties in any single day during "The Troubles".
May 18
* Nuclear test: Under Project Smiling Buddha, India successfully detonates its first nuclear weapon, becoming the 6th nation to do so.
* The Warsaw radio mast is completed, the tallest structure ever built (it collapses on August 8, 1991).
May 30 – NASA's ATS-6 satellite is launched.
June 13 – The 1974 FIFA World Cup begins in West Germany.
June 26 – The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time, to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio.
July 7 – West Germany beats the Netherlands 2–1 to win the 1974 FIFA World Cup.
August 4 – A bomb explodes in an Italicus Expressen train between Italy and West Germany. Italian neo-fascist terrorists take responsibility.
August 8 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon announces his resignation (effective August 9).
August 9 – Vice President Gerald Rudolph Ford succeeds Richard Milhous Nixon as the 38th President of the United States of America.
August 14 – Turkey invades for the second time in Cyprus, occupying 37% of the island's territory.
August 30 – An express train bound for Germany from Belgrade derails in Zagreb, Yugoslavia (now Croatia), killing more than 150 passengers.
September 8 – TWA Flight 841 crashes into the Ionian Sea 18 minutes after take off from Athens, after a bomb explodes in the cargo hold, and kills 88 people.
September 12 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is deposed by the Derg.
September 13 – Japanese Red Army members seize the French Embassy in The Hague, Netherlands.
September 23 – Ceefax (one of the first public service information systems) is started by the BBC.
October 30 – The Rumble in the Jungle takes place in Kinshasa, Zaire, where Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman in 8 rounds to regain the Heavyweight title, which had been stripped from him 7 years earlier.
November 1 – World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO) established.
November 16 – The Arecibo radio telescope sends an interstellar radio message towards the M13 Great Globular Cluster. The message will reach its destination around the year 27,000.
November 21 – In Birmingham, England, 2 pubs are bombed, killing 21 people (the Birmingham Six are later sentenced to life in prison for this).
November 22 – The United Nations General Assembly grants the Palestine Liberation Organization observer status.
November 24 – A skeleton from the hominid species Australopithecus afarensis is discovered and named Lucy.
December 1 – A Boeing 727 carrying TWA Flight 514 crashes 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Dulles International Airport during bad weather, killing all 92 people on board.
December 9 – The Paris summit, reuniting the European communities' heads of state and government, commences.
December 17 – WIPO becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.
December 24–December 25 – Darwin, Australia is almost completely destroyed by Cyclone Tracy.
January 3 – Alessandro Petacchi, Italian professional road cyclist
January 10 – Hrithik Roshan, Bollywood actor
January 12
* Tor Arne Hetland, Norwegian cross-country skiier
* Melanie Chisholm, English singer-songwriter
January 16 – Kate Moss, English model
January 23 – Tiffani Thiessen, American actress
January 27 – Ole Einar Bjørndalen, Norwegian biathlete
January 28 – Kari Traa, Norwegian freestyle skier
January 30 – Christian Bale, British actor
February 7
* Steve Nash, Canadian basketball player
* Jun Seba, also known as Nujabes, Japanese hip-hop producer (d. 2010)
* J Dilla, also known as Jay-Dee, African-American hip-hop producer (d. 2006)
February 8
* Seth Green, American actor
* Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, French musician and record producer (Daft Punk)
February 10 – Ivri Lider, Israeli singer
February 13 – Robbie Williams, English rock singer
February 14 – Philippe Léonard, Belgian footballer
February 15
* Tomi Putaansuu, Finnish rock singer (''Lordi'')
* Alexander Wurz, Austrian racing driver
February 17 – Jerry O'Connell, American Actor
February 22 – James Blunt, English singer
February 24 – Chad Hugo, American rock musician and producer (''N*E*R*D'')
February 26 – Sebastien Loeb, French rally driver
February 27 – Hiroyasu Shimizu, Japanese speed skater
March 1 – Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor
March 4
* Karol Kučera, Slovakian tennis player
* Ariel Ortega, Argentine football player
March 5
* Jens Jeremies, German footballer
* Matt Lucas, British comedian
* Eva Mendes, American actress
March 6 – Anthony Carelli, Canadian professional wrestler
March 7 – Jenna Fischer, American actress
March 15 – Percy Montgomery, South African rugby union player
March 20 – Carsten Ramelow, German footballer
March 22 – Marcus Camby, American basketball player
March 24 – Alyson Hannigan, American actress
March 25 – Lark Voorhies, American actress and singer
April 2 – Håkan Hellström, Swedish musician
April 9 – Jenna Jameson, American pornographic actress
April 11 – Tricia Helfer, Canadian actress and model
April 12 – Marley Shelton, American actress
April 17
* Victoria Beckham, English singer
* Mikael Åkerfeldt, Swedish musician
April 18 – Edgar Wright, English film director
April 21 – Faust, Norwegian drummer
April 22 – Shavo Odadjian, Armenian-born rock bassist (''System of a Down'')
April 28 – Penélope Cruz, Spanish actress
May 7 – Breckin Meyer, American actor
May 16 – Laura Pausini, Italian singer
May 17 – Andrea Corr, Irish singer
May 23 – Jewel, American singer
May 26 – Lars Frölander, Swedish swimmer
May 28 – Mikael Stanne, Swedish singer
May 30 – Big L, American rapper (d. 1999)
June 1 – Alanis Morissette, Canadian singer
June 2 – Gata Kamsky, American chess player
June 7
* Mahesh Bhupathi, Indian tennis player
* Edward Michael Grylls, British survivalist
June 9 – Samoth, Norwegian musician
June 13
* Steve-O, American actor
* Takahiro Sakurai, Japanese voice actor
June 22 – Donald Faison, American actor
June 25 – Karisma Kapoor, Indian actress
June 26 – Derek Jeter, American baseball player
July 1 – Jefferson Pérez, Ecuadorean race walker
July 2 – Rocky Gray, American musician
July 8 – Dragoslav Jevrić, Montenegrin footballer
July 12
* Gregory Helms, American professional wrestler
* Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer
July 22 – Franka Potente, German actress
July 23
* Kathryn Hahn, American actress
* Maurice Greene, American athlete
* Rik Verbrugghe, Belgian professional road racing cyclist
July 26 – Daniel Negreanu, Canadian poker player
July 30 – Hilary Swank, American actress
July 31 – Emilia Fox, English actress
August 9 – Derek Fisher, American basketball player
August 13 – Niklas Sundin, Swedish musician
August 14 – Christopher Gorham, American actor
August 15 – Natasha Henstridge, Canadian actress and model
August 16
* Krisztina Egerszegi, Hungarian Olympic champion swimmer
* Didier Cuche, Swiss alpine skier
August 20
* Misha Collins, American actor
* Amy Adams, American actress
* Maxim Vengerov, Russian violinist
August 23 – Ray Park, Scottish actor, martial artist
August 28 – Carsten Jancker, German soccer player
September 4 – Carmit Bachar, American singer
September 6
* Tim Henman, English tennis player
* Nina Persson, Swedish singer
September 10
* Ben Wallace, American basketball player
* Mirko Filipović, Croatian kickboxer and mixed martial arts fighter.
September 14 – Hicham El Guerrouj, Moroccan athlete
September 17 – Rasheed Wallace, American basketball player
September 18
* Sol Campbell, English footballer
* Xzibit, American rapper
September 19
* Jimmy Fallon, American actor and comedian (''Saturday Night Live'')
* Victoria Silvstedt, Swedish model
September 23 – Matt Hardy, American professional wrestler
September 26 – Gary Hall, Jr., American swimmer
October 3 – Marianne Timmer, Dutch speed skater
October 8 – Koji Murofushi, Japanese hammer thrower
October 10
* Dale Earnhardt, Jr., American race car driver
* Chris Pronger, Canadian hockey player
October 11 – Jason Arnott, Canadian hockey player
October 16 – Paul Kariya, Canadian hockey player
October 21 – Lera Auerbach, Russian composer & pianist
October 23 – Sander Westerveld, Dutch soccer player
October 28 – Joaquin Phoenix, American actor
October 31 – Natasja Saad, Afro Danish rapper & reggae singer (d. 2007)
November 2 – Nelly, American rapper
November 4 – Cedric Bixler-Zavala, Mexican-American singer/lyricist
November 5
* Ryan Adams, American singer and songwriter
* Jerry Stackhouse, American basketball player
November 8
* Masashi Kishimoto, Japanese manga author
* Penelope Heyns, South African swimmer
* Matthew Rhys, Welsh actor
November 9 – Alessandro Del Piero , Italian football player
November 11 – Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor
November 15 – Chad Kroeger, Canadian singer
November 16 – Paul Scholes, English football player
November 18 – Petter Solberg, Norwegian rally driver
November 27 – Zsófia Polgár, Hungarian-born chess player
December 1 – Costinha, Portuguese footballer
December 10 – Meg White, American rock drummer (''The White Stripes'')
December 11
* Rey Mysterio, American wrestler
* Gete Wami, Ethiopian long-distance runner
December 13 – Nicholas McCarthy, English guitarist
December 17 – Giovanni Ribisi, American Actor (''Gone in 60 Seconds'')
December 18 – Kari Byron, American artist and television personality
December 24
* Ryan Seacrest, American television personality
* Marcelo Salas, Chilean footballer
December 27 – Fumiko Orikasa, Japanese seiyū and singer
January 15 – Harold D. Cooley U.S. House of Representatives
January 27 – Georgios Grivas, Greek-Cypriot colonel (b. 1898)
January 31
* Samuel Goldwyn, Polish-born American film studio executive (b. 1879)
* Glenn Morris, American Olympic decathlete and actor (b. 1912)
February 2 – Imre Lakatos, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1922)
February 4 – Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian mathematician and physicist (b. 1894)
February 15 – Kurt Atterberg, Swedish composer (b. 1887)
March 4 – Adolph Gottlieb, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1903)
March 9 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
March 17 – Louis Kahn, Estonian architect (b. 1901)
March 22 – Peter Revson, American race car driver (b. 1939)
April 2 – Georges Pompidou, President of France (b. 1911)
April 18
* Betty Compson, American actress (b. 1897)
* Marcel Pagnol, French novelist (b. 1895)
April 19 – Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (b. 1907)
April 24
* Bud Abbott, American actor (''Abbott and Costello'') (b. 1895)
* Franz Jonas, Austrian president (b. 1899)
April 30 – Agnes Moorehead, American actress (b. 1900)
May 24 – Duke Ellington, American jazz pianist and bandleader (b. 1899)
May 25 – Donald Crisp, English actor (b. 1882)
June 9 – Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890)
June 10 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1900)
June 18 – Georgy Zhukov, Soviet general (World War II) (b. 1896)
June 22 – Darius Milhaud, French composer (b. 1892)
July 1 – Juan Domingo Perón, President of Argentina (b. 1895)
July 4 – Georgette Heyer, British writer (b. 1902)
July 9 – Earl Warren, Governor of California and Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1891)
July 11 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
July 13 – Patrick Blackett, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
July 24 – James Chadwick, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
July 29
* Cass Elliott, American vocalist (b. 1941)
* Erich Kästner, German author (b. 1899)
August 8 – Baldur von Schirach, Nazi German Hitler Youth leader (b. 1907)
August 26 – Charles Lindbergh, American aviator (''Spirit of St. Louis'') (b. 1902)
August 27 – Otto Strasser, Nazi German politician (b. 1897)
September 3 – Harry Partch, American composer (b. 1901)
September 4
* Creighton Williams Abrams, American general (b. 1914)
* Marcel Achard, French playwright and scriptwriter (b. 1899)
September 21 – Walter Brennan, American actor (b. 1894)
October 4 – Anne Sexton, American poet and writer (b. 1928)
October 9 – Oskar Schindler, Sudetgerman businessman (b. 1908)
October 13 – Ed Sullivan, American television host (b. 1901)
October 24 – David Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist (b. 1908)
November 7 – Eric Linklater, British author (b. 1899)
November 13 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian film director (b. 1901)
November 17 – Erskine Hamilton Childers, 4th President of Ireland (b. 1905)
November 21 – Frank Martin, Swiss composer (b. 1890)
November 23
* Manuel dos Reis Machado, Brazilian martial arts Master (b. 1899)
* Cornelius Ryan, Irish-American writer (b. 1920)
November 25
* Nick Drake, British musician (b. 1948)
* U Thant, Burmese diplomat and Secretary-General of the United Nations (b. 1909)
November 29
* James J. Braddock, American boxer (b. 1905)
* Peng Dehuai, Chinese leader (b. 1898)
December 2 – Max Weber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1897)
December 5 – Pietro Germi, Italian film director (b. 1914)
December 14 – Walter Lippmann, American writer and journalist (b. 1889)
December 15 – Anatole Litvak, Ukrainian-born film director (b. 1902)
December 20 – André Jolivet, French composer (b. 1905)
December 26 – Jack Benny, American comedian (b. 1894)
December 27
* Vladimir Fock, Soviet physicist (b. 1898)
* Ned Maddrell, last surviving native speaker of the Manx language (b. 1877)
Physics – Sir Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish
Chemistry – Paul J. Flory
Medicine – Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade
Literature – Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson
Peace – Séan MacBride, Eisaku Sato
Economics – Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich von Hayek
Events
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Date unknown
Rubik's Cube puzzle invented by Hungarian architecture professor Ernő Rubik.
Births
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Deaths
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Nobel Prizes
References
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This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Natalia Kills |
|---|---|
| background | solo_singer |
| birth name | Natalia Keery-Fisher |
| alias | Candy Rapper, Verbz, Verbalicious, Natalia Noemi Cappuccini |
| birth date | August 15, 1986 |
| birth place | Bradford, West Yorkshire, England |
| genre | Pop, electropop |
| occupation | Singer-songwriter, actress, director |
| instrument | Vocals, drums, guitar |
| years active | 1995–present |
| label | Adventures in Music, will.i.am, Cherrytree, Kon Live, Interscope, Bozadya, Dandyville |
| associated acts | Far East Movement LMFAO will.i.am |
| url | }} |
Natalia Keery-Fisher (born 15 August 1986) is an English singer-songwriter, actress, and short-film director who performs under the stage name Natalia Kills. She released her first single "Don't Play Nice" under the name Verbalicious in February 2005. She released her debut album, ''Perfectionist'', under the name Natalia Kills in April 2011.
Life and career
Early life
Keery-Fisher was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire, to a Jamaican father and Uruguayan mother, where she attended Bradford Girls' Grammar School. In addition, she studied classical drama at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
Career beginnings
Keery-Fisher made her acting debut at age 9 in 1995 in ''New Voices''. She had a regular role as Sima in the sitcom ''All About Me'' and also played Amy Franks in the BBC's long-running radio drama ''The Archers''. During her time on television and radio she began writing songs, some of which were featured in films and television shows, including ''Bring It On 4'', ''Sleepover'', ''Just My Luck'' and ''Entourage''. After finishing ''The Archers'' in 2003, she attributes her musical breakthrough to winning a Radio 1 MC Battle in Leeds, under the name Candy Rapper, in 2003. She auditioned for the part of Princess Amidala in Star Wars but did not get the part but noted that "I auditioned in front of George Lucas, it was amazing".She signed to the UK record company "Adventures in Music", releasing her debut single "Don't Play Nice" in March 2005. The song charted at 11 in the UK. She later filed to be released from all recording/management agreements after the record label filed for bankruptcy.
In January 2008, will.i.am signed Keery-Fisher to Interscope Records via his will.i.am Music Group imprint. She was noticed for her demo EP ''Wommanequin'', which she produced and wrote herself. Once signed to Interscope, she was placed with Cherrytree Records. Cherrytree encouraged her to find a name that was more direct and descriptive, and she then came up with the name Natalia Kills. She also wrote songs for French recording artist M. Pokora and met underground director Guillaume Doubet, with whom she now directs all her visuals in Paris.
2010–present: ''Perfectionist''
Kills' debut album ''Perfectionist'' was released April 2011 in Germany. She has also produced and co-directed a mini-series, ''Love Kills xx'', and a film under the working tittle ''The Exhibition'', which have been made concurrently with the album, the latter acting as the soundtrack to the film. The album's first single, "Mirrors", was released in US in August 2010 and in the UK in April 2011. Her second single, "Wonderland", was released on in April 2011 in Germany. The track In October 2010, was featured in the 2011 film ''Beastly'' starring Vanessa Hudgens.Kills opened for Kelis' European All Hearts Tour, as well as supporting Robyn on her Body Talk Tour in November 2010 and early 2011. Kills supported Ke$ha on the UK leg of her Get Sleazy Tour alongside LMFAO. Throughout August and September 2011, Kills will support Katy Perry on her California Dreams Tour for eight dates.
Discography
Studio albums
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |+ List of albums, with selected chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Album details ! scope="col" colspan="6" | Peak chart positions |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | UK ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | AUT ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | CAN ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | GER ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | SWI ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | US |- ! scope="row" | ''Perfectionist'' |
Singles
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |+ List of singles, with selected chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Single ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Year ! scope="col" colspan="7" | Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | UK ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | AUT ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | CAN ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | GER ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | POL ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | SWI ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | USDance |- ! scope="row" | "Don't Play Nice" (as Verbalicious) | 2005 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Non-album single |- ! scope="row" | "Mirrors" | 2010 | — | 7 | 46 | 10 | 2 | 52 | 3 | rowspan="3" | ''Perfectionist'' |- ! scope="row" | "Wonderland" | rowspan="2" | 2011 | — | 55 | — | 45 | 44 | — | — |- |- ! scope="row" | "Free" (feat. will.i.am) | — | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |- |colspan="10" style="font-size:9pt"|"—" denotes releases that did not chart. |}
As featured artist
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center; |- !rowspan="2"|Year ! rowspan="2"| Single ! colspan="6"| Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2"| Album |- !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|UK !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|BEL !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|CAN !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|FRA !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|IRE !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|SWE |- | 2007 |align="left"| "They Talk Shit About Me" (with M. Pokora) |align="center"| — |align="center"| 3 |align="center"| — |align="center"| 24 |align="center"| — |align="center"| — | ''MP3'' |- |rowspan="1"| 2011 |align="left"| "Champagne Showers" (with LMFAO) |align="center"| 32 |align="center"| 23 |align="center"| 63 |align="center"| 30 |align="center"| 15 |align="center"| — | ''Sorry for Party Rocking'' |- | colspan="17" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"| "—" denotes song that did not chart or was not released |}
Guest appearances
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center; |- !|Year ! Single ! Album |- |2011 |align="left"| "2 Is Better" (Far East Movement featuring Natalia Kills and Ya Boy) | ''Free Wired'' |}
Promotional singles
Filmography
| Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes | ||||
| 1995 | ''New Voices'' | Pearl | ||
| rowspan="3" | 2003 | ''All About Me''| | Sima | TV series, 22 episodes |
| ''Casualty (TV series) | Casualty '' | Samina Khan | ||
| ''Coronation Street'' | Laura Mangen | |||
| rowspan="2" | 2004 | Hazel Perry | ||
| ''Blue Murder (UK TV series) | Blue Murder '' | Anisa Khan | ||
| 2005 | ''No Angels (TV series)No Angels'' || | Sujata | TV series, 1 episode | |
| rowspan="2" | 2006 | ''Silent Witness'' | Kelly Wetherby | |
| '' Tripping Over '' | Julie | |||
| 2007 | ''Cape Wrath (TV series)Cape Wrath'' || | Kerry | TV series, 1 episode |
References
External links
Category:1986 births Category:British people of Uruguayan descent Category:English female singers Category:English people of Jamaican descent Category:English pop singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:English television actors Category:English-language singers Category:Interscope Records artists Category:Living people Category:People from Bradford
da:Natalia Kills de:Natalia Kills es:Natalia Kills fr:Natalia Kills it:Natalia Kills hu:Natalia Kills no:Natalia Kills pl:Natalia Kills pt:Natalia Kills simple:Natalia Kills sv:Natalia KillsThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Terrence Ross "Terry" Jacks (born March 29, 1944, Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer and environmentalist.
''Seasons in the Sun'' (1974)
''Y' Don't Fight The Sea'' (1975)
''Pulse'' (1983)
''Just Like That'' (1987)
List of musicians from Canada
Terry Jacks discography and biography
Terry Jacks Biography and Discography on VH1
Terry Jacks Information on Answers
Terry Jacks Biography on AOL Music
Terry Jacks Biography on Yahoo! Music
Terry's family relocated to Vancouver, in the early '60s from Winnipeg and Jacks took up guitar in his teens and at 18 formed a Vancouver, British Columbia, band called The Chessmen with guitarist Guy Sobell.. The group had 4 Top Ten local Vancouver hits between 1964 and 1966. Following The Chessmen, Terry, Susan Pesklevits (Susan Jacks), Craig McCaw and Satwant Singh formed The Poppy Family. Susan and Terry were married in 1967. The Poppy Family had several hits in Canada and internationally, their biggest being "Which Way You Goin' Billy?", which went to #1 in Canada and #2 on the Billboard charts in the U.S. The song was written and produced by Terry Jacks.
In the early 70s, Terry and Susan travelled to L.A. where Terry was to work with the Beach Boys to record the song "Seasons In The Sun" but the project was never finished and they returned to Vancouver.
The couple recorded two more albums before Susan left the marriage in 1973, Susan's solo album "I Thought of You Again" and Terry's solo album "Seasons In The Sun". "Seasons in the sun", released in late 1973 on his own record label, Goldfish Records, became the largest-selling international single by a Canadian artist at that time and earned Jacks four Juno Awards. "Seasons in the Sun" is Rod McKuen's 1965 adaptation of "Le moribond", a 1962 original by Belgian singer Jacques Brel; for his version, Jacks made some modifications to the lyrics. In the United States, in Great Britain and in Germany, in these countries it was released on Bell Records, the song went to No. 1 on the charts. The “B” side of "Seasons In The Sun" 45 record was a song about a woman asking her butcher to put in the bone with the rest of her meat order entitled "Put the Bone In". Terry released two more singles entitled "If You Go Away" (another McKuen adaptation of a Jacques Brel song entitled "Ne Me Quitte Pas"), it reached #8 in Great Britain and #24 in Germany, and "Rock & Roll (I Gave You The Best Years Of My Life)", both of which had more impact in Canada but some modest success on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the USA.
Terry Jacks wrote and recorded a number of other songs and went on to produce a single for VALDY, Buddy Knox (unreleased), Chilliwack (including "Crazy Talk") and a handful of other artists. He also earned a Gold Leaf award in 1970 for his production work while with the Poppy Family. Terry also produced several songs for Nana Mouskouri who has sold over 300 million records worldwide.
In the late 1970s, Jacks re-married and gradually withdrew from the music world. The couple had a daughter, Holly Michelle Jacks in 1985. Jacks became involved in the environmental movement, focusing on pulp mill pollution issues in Canada. Jacks' environmental work has earned him several awards including one from the United Nations Association of Canada and the Western Canada Wilderness Committee. He has worked in documentary film and video, producing several shorts on environmental themes including The Tragedy of Clearcutting, The Southern Chilcotin Mountains and The Warmth of Love (The Four Seasons of Sophie Thomas). The video production The Faceless Ones earned an Environmental Gold Award from the New York International Film Festival.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
| ! Year | ! Song | RPM (magazine)>CAN | RPM (magazine)>CAN AC | Billboard Hot 100>U.S. | UK Singles Chart>UK |
| 1970 | "I'm Gonna Capture You" | ||||
| 1972 | "Concrete Sea" | ||||
| 1973 | "I'm Gonna Love You Too" | ||||
| "Seasons in the Sun" | |||||
| "If You Go Away" | |||||
| "Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)" | |||||
| "Christina" | |||||
| "Holly" | |||||
| "Y' Don't Fight the Sea" | |||||
| "In My Father's Footsteps" | |||||
| 1977 | "Hey Country Girl" | ||||
| 1981 | "Greenback Dollar" | ||||
| 1983 | "You Fool Me" | ||||
| 1987 | "Just Like That" |
See also
References
External links
Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:Canadian pop singers Category:Canadian songwriters Category:Juno Award winners Category:People from Winnipeg Category:Bell Records artists
de:Terry Jacks es:Terry Jacks fr:Terry Jacks id:Terry Jacks la:Terry Jacks nl:Terry Jacks no:Terry Jacks pl:Terry Jacks pt:Terry Jacks ru:Джекс, Терри simple:Terry Jacks fi:Terry Jacks sv:Terry JacksThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Joni Mitchell |
|---|---|
| genre | Folk-rock, folk-jazz/jazz, pop |
| background | solo_singer |
| birth name | Roberta Joan Anderson |
| born | November 07, 1943Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada |
| origin | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada |
| instrument | Vocals, piano, guitar, ukulele, dulcimer |
| occupation | Singer, songwriter, composer, record producer, musician, painter, guitarist, pianist |
| label | Reprise (1968–1972; 1994–2001)Asylum (1972–1981)Geffen (1982–1993)Nonesuch (2002)Hear Music (2007) |
| associated acts | Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, Graham Nash, Joan Baez, Charles Mingus, Mary Travers, David Crosby, James Taylor, Herbie Hancock, Mama Cass |
| website | }} |
Joni Mitchell, CC, (born Roberta Joan Anderson; November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, and painter. Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in her native Western Canada and then busking on the streets of Toronto. In the mid-1960s she left for New York City and its rich folk music scene, recording her debut album in 1968 and achieving fame first as a songwriter ("Urge for Going", "Chelsea Morning", "Both Sides, Now", "Woodstock") and then as a singer in her own right. Finally settling in Southern California, Mitchell played a key part in the folk rock movement then sweeping the musical landscape. ''Blue'', her starkly personal 1971 album, was voted #30 in Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list of 2003. Mitchell also had pop hits such as "Big Yellow Taxi", "Free Man in Paris", and "Help Me", the last two from 1974's best-selling ''Court and Spark''.
Mitchell's distinctive harmonic guitar style and piano arrangements all grew more complex through the 1970s as she was deeply influenced by jazz, melding it with pop, folk and rock on experimental albums like 1976's ''Hejira''. She worked closely with jazz musicians including Pat Metheny, Wayne Shorter, Jaco Pastorius, Herbie Hancock, and on a 1979 record released after his death, Charles Mingus. From the 1980s on, Mitchell reduced her recording and touring schedule but turned again toward pop, making greater use of synthesizers and direct political protest in her lyrics, which often tackled social and environmental themes alongside romantic and emotional ones.
Mitchell's work is highly respected both by critics and by fellow musicians. ''Rolling Stone'' magazine called her "one of the greatest songwriters ever," while Allmusic said, "When the dust settles, Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century." Mitchell is also a visual artist. She created the artwork for each of her albums, and in 2000 described herself as a "painter derailed by circumstance." A blunt critic of the music industry, Mitchell stopped recording over the last several years, focusing more attention on painting, but in 2007 she released ''Shine'', her first album of new songs in nine years.
Early life
Joni Mitchell was born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943, in Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada, to Bill Anderson and Myrtle Anderson (née McKee). Her mother was a teacher, and her father an officer in the Royal Canadian Air Force. During the war years, she moved with her parents to a number of bases in western Canada. After the war, her father began working as a grocer, and his work took the family to Saskatchewan to the towns of Maidstone and North Battleford. When she was eleven years old, the family settled in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, which Mitchell considers her hometown.Her mother's ancestors were Scottish and Irish; her father's were Norwegian and Sami. Her paternal grandmother was born on the farm Farestveit in Modalen, Hordaland, Norway. Her paternal grandfather was from Sømna, Sør-Helgeland, Nordland, Norway.
At the age of eight, Mitchell contracted polio during a Canadian epidemic, but she recovered after a stay in hospital. This was the same polio epidemic (1951) in which singer Neil Young, then aged five, also contracted the virus. It was during this time that she first became interested in singing. She describes her first experience singing while in hospital during the winter in the following way:
"They said I might not walk again, and that I would not be able to go home for Christmas. I wouldn't go for it. So I started to sing Christmas carols and I used to sing them real loud ... The boy in the bed next to me, you know, used to complain. And I discovered I was a ham."She began smoking at the age of nine as well, a habit which is arguably one of the factors contributing to the change in her voice in recent years (Mitchell herself disputes this in several interviews).
As a teenager, Joni taught herself ukulele and, later, guitar. She began performing at parties and bonfires, which eventually led to gigs playing in coffeehouses and other venues in Saskatoon. After finishing high school at Aden Bowman Collegiate in Saskatoon, she attended the Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary for a year, during which she made the acquaintance of another budding singer-songwriter, Harry Chapin, but Mitchell then left, telling her mother: "I'm going to Toronto to be a folksinger."
After leaving art college in June 1964, Mitchell left her home in Saskatoon to relocate to Toronto. She found out that she was pregnant by her college ex-boyfriend, and in February 1965 she gave birth to a baby girl. A few weeks after the birth, Joni Anderson married folk-singer Chuck Mitchell, and took his surname. A few weeks later she gave her daughter, Kelly Dale Anderson, up for adoption. The experience remained private for most of her career, but she made allusions to it in several songs, most notably a very specific telling of the story in the 1971 song "Little Green". Mitchell's 1982 song "Chinese Cafe", from the album ''Wild Things Run Fast'', includes the lyrics "Your kids are coming up straight / My child's a stranger / I bore her / But I could not raise her."
Mitchell's daughter, renamed Kilauren Gibb, began a search for her as an adult. In 1997 Gibb mentioned her search to the girlfriend of a man with whom she had grown up. By coincidence, this woman knew a third person who had once told her that he knew Joni Mitchell years earlier "when she was pregnant." Mitchell and her daughter were reunited shortly thereafter.
Career
1965–1969: Folk rock breakthrough
In the summer of 1965, Chuck Mitchell took Joni with him to the United States. While living in Detroit, Chuck & Joni were regular performers at area coffee houses as well as The Alcove bar near Wayne State University and the "Rathskelter" a restaurant on the campus of the University of Detroit. Oscar Brand featured her several times on his CBC television program ''Let's Sing Out'' in 1965 and 1966, broadening her exposure. Mitchell attended school at West Virginia University for a short period, which led to her song "Morning Morgantown." The marriage and partnership of Joni and Chuck Mitchell dissolved in early 1967, and Joni moved to New York City to pursue her musical dreams as a solo artist. She played venues up and down the East Coast, including Philadelphia, Boston, and Fort Bragg, North Carolina. She performed frequently in coffeehouses and folk clubs and, by this time creating her own material, became well known for her unique songwriting and her innovative guitar style.Folk singer Tom Rush had met Mitchell in Toronto and was impressed with her songwriting ability. He took "Urge For Going" to popular folk act Judy Collins but she was not interested in the song at the time, so Rush recorded it himself. Country singer George Hamilton IV heard Rush performing it and recorded a hit country version. Other artists who recorded Mitchell songs in the early years were Buffy Sainte-Marie ("The Circle Game"), Dave Van Ronk ("Both Sides Now"), and eventually Judy Collins ("Both Sides Now", a top ten hit, and Michael From Mountains, both included on her 1967 album ''Wildflowers''). Collins also covered "Chelsea Morning", a recording which again eclipsed Mitchell's own commercial success early on.
While she was playing one night in "The Gaslight South", a club in Coconut Grove, Florida, David Crosby walked in and was immediately struck by her ability and her appeal as an artist. He took her back to Los Angeles, where he set about introducing her and her music to his friends. Crosby convinced a record company to agree to let Mitchell record a solo acoustic album without all the folk-rock overdubs that were in vogue at the time, and his clout earned him a producer's credit in March 1968, when Reprise Records released her debut album, alternately known as ''Joni Mitchell'' or ''Song to a Seagull''.
Mitchell continued touring steadily to promote the LP. The tour helped create eager anticipation for Mitchell's second LP, ''Clouds'', which was released in April 1969. It finally contained Mitchell's own versions of some of her songs already recorded and performed by other artists: "Chelsea Morning", "Both Sides, Now", and "Tin Angel." The covers of both LPs, including a self-portrait on ''Clouds'', were designed and painted by Mitchell, a marriage of her art and music which she would continue throughout her career.
1970–1974: Mainstream success
In March 1970 ''Clouds'' won Joni Mitchell her first Grammy Award for Best Folk Performance. The following month, Reprise released her third album, ''Ladies of the Canyon''. Mitchell's sound, still under the guidance of producer Crosby, was already beginning to expand beyond the confines of acoustic folk music and toward pop and rock, with more overdubs, percussion, and backing vocals, and for the first time, many songs composed on piano, which would become a hallmark of Mitchell's style in her most popular era. Her own version of "Woodstock", slower and darker than the Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young cover, was performed on a Wurlitzer electric piano. The album also included the already-familiar song "The Circle Game" and the environmental anthem "Big Yellow Taxi", with its now-famous line, "they paved paradise and put up a parking lot."''Ladies of the Canyon'' was an instant smash on FM radio and sold briskly through the summer and fall, eventually becoming Mitchell's first gold album (selling over a half million copies). Mitchell made a decision to stop touring for a year and just write and paint, yet she was still voted "Top Female Performer" for 1970 by ''Melody Maker'', the UK's leading pop music magazine. On the April 1971 release of James Taylor's ''Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon'' album, Joni Mitchell is credited with backup vocals – along with Carole King – on the track "You've Got A Friend". The songs she wrote during the months she took off for travel and life experience would appear on her next album, ''Blue'', released in June 1971. Of ''Blue'' and in comparing Joni Mitchell's talent to his own, David Crosby said, "By the time she did ''Blue'' she was past me and rushing toward the horizon" (A 65th Birthday Tribute to Joni Mitchell, 2008).
''Blue'' was an almost instant critical and commercial success, peaking in the top 20 in the Billboard Album Charts in September and also hitting the British Top 3. Lushly produced "Carey" was the single at the time, but musically, other parts of ''Blue'' departed further from the sounds of ''Ladies of the Canyon'' in favor of simpler, rhythmic acoustic parts allowing a focus on Mitchell's voice and emotions ("All I Want", "A Case of You"), while others such as "Blue", "River" and "The Last Time I Saw Richard" were sung to her rolling piano accompaniment. In its lyrics, the album was regarded as an inspired culmination of her early work, with depressed assessments of the world around her serving as counterpoint to exuberant expressions of romantic love (for example, in "California"). Mitchell later remarked, "At that period of my life, I had no personal defenses. I felt like a cellophane wrapper on a pack of cigarettes. I felt like I had absolutely no secrets from the world and I couldn't pretend in my life to be strong."
Mitchell made the decision to return to the live stage after the great success of ''Blue'', and she presented many new songs on tour which would appear on her next album. Her fifth album, ''For the Roses'', was released in October 1972 and immediately zoomed up the charts. She followed with the single, "You Turn Me On, I'm a Radio", which peaked at #25 in the Billboard Charts in February 1973, becoming her first bonafide hit single. The album was critically acclaimed and earned her success on her own terms, though it was somewhat overshadowed by the success of ''Blue'' and by Mitchell's next album.
''Court and Spark'', released in January 1974, would see Mitchell begin the flirtation with jazz and jazz fusion that marked her experimental period ahead, but it was also her most commercially successful recording, and among her most critically acclaimed. ''Court and Spark'' went to #1 on the Cashbox Album Charts. The LP made Joni Mitchell a widely popular act for perhaps the only time in her career, on the strength of popular tracks such as the rocker "Raised on Robbery", which was released right before Christmas 1973, and "Help Me", which was released in March of the following year, and became Joni's only Top 10 single when it peaked at #7 in the first week of June. "Free Man in Paris" was another hit single and staple in her catalog.
While recording ''Court and Spark'', Mitchell had tried to make a clean break with her earlier folk sound, producing the album herself and employing jazz/pop fusion band the L.A. Express as what she called her first real backing group. In February 1974, her tour with the L.A. Express began, and they received rave notices as they traveled across the United States and Canada during the next two months. A series of shows at L.A.'s Universal Amphitheater from August 14–17 were recorded for a live album release. In November, Mitchell released a live album called ''Miles of Aisles'', a two-record set including all but two songs from the L.A. concerts (one selection each from the Berkeley Community Center, on March 2, and the LA Music Center, on March 4, were also included in the set). The live album slowly moved up to #2, matching ''Court and Sparks'''s chart peak on Billboard. "Big Yellow Taxi", the live version, was also released as a single and did reasonably well (Mitchell would ultimately release yet another recording of "Big Yellow Taxi" in 2007).
In January 1975, ''Court and Spark'' received four nominations for Grammy Awards, including Grammy Award for Album of the Year, for which Mitchell was the only woman nominated. She won only the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)
1975–1980: Jazz explorations
Mitchell went into the studio in the spring of 1975 to record acoustic demos of some songs she'd written since the ''Court and Spark'' tour ended. A few months later she recorded versions of the tunes with her band, which now included saxophonist Wayne Shorter. Mitchell's musical interests now were diverging from both the folk and the pop scene of the era, toward less structured, more jazz-inspired pieces, with a wider range of instruments. On "The Jungle Line", she also made an early effort at sampling a recording of African musicians, something that would become more commonplace among Western rock acts in the 1980s. Meanwhile, "In France They Kiss on Main Street" continued the lush pop sounds of ''Court and Spark'', and efforts such as the title song and "Edith and the Kingpin" chronicled the underbelly of suburban lives in Southern California.The new song cycle was released in November 1975 as ''The Hissing of Summer Lawns''. The album was initially a big seller, peaking at #4 on the Billboard Album Charts, but it received mixed reviews at the time of its release. A common legend holds that ''Rolling Stone'' magazine declared it the "Worst Album of the Year"; in truth, it was called only the year's worst album ''title''. However, Mitchell and ''Rolling Stone'' have had a contentious relationship, beginning years earlier when the magazine featured a "tree" illustrating all of Mitchell's alleged romantic partners, primarily other musicians, which the singer said "hurt my feelings terribly at the time." During 1975, Mitchell also participated in several concerts in the Rolling Thunder Revue tours featuring Bob Dylan and Joan Baez, and in 1976 she performed as part of ''The Last Waltz'' by The Band. In January 1976, Mitchell received one nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the album ''The Hissing of Summer Lawns'', though the Grammy went to Linda Ronstadt.
In early 1976, Mitchell traveled with friends who were driving cross country to Maine. Afterwards, Mitchell drove back to California alone and composed several songs during her journey which would feature on her next album, 1976's ''Hejira''. She states, "This album was written mostly while I was traveling in the car. That's why there were no piano songs..." ''Hejira'' was arguably Mitchell's most experimental album so far, due to her ongoing collaborations with legendary jazz virtuoso bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius on several songs including the first single, "Coyote", the atmospheric "Hejira", the disorienting, guitar-heavy "Black Crow," and the album's last song "Refuge of the Roads." The album climbed to No. 13 on the Billboard Charts, reaching gold status three weeks after release, and received airplay from album oriented FM rock stations. Yet "Coyote", backed with "Blue Motel Room", failed to chart on the Hot 100. While the album was greeted by many fans and critics as a "return to form", by the time she recorded it her days as a huge pop star were over. However, if ''Hejira'' "did not sell as briskly as Mitchell's earlier, more "radio friendly" albums, its stature in her catalogue has grown over the years." Mitchell herself believes the album to be unique. In 2006 she said, "I suppose a lot of people could have written a lot of my other songs, but I feel the songs on ''Hejira'' could only have come from me."
In the summer of 1977, Mitchell began work on new recordings, what would become her first double studio album. Close to completing her contract with Asylum Records, Mitchell felt that this album could be looser in feel than any album she'd done in the past.''Don Juan's Reckless Daughter'' was released in December 1977. The album received mixed reviews but still sold relatively well, peaking at No. 25 in the US and going gold within three months. The cover of the album created its own controversy; Mitchell was featured in several photographs on the cover, including one where she was disguised as a black man (this is a reference to a character in one song on the album). Layered, atmospheric compositions such as "Overture / Cotton Avenue" featured more collaboration with Pastorius, while "Paprika Plains" was a 16-minute epic that stretched the boundaries of pop, owing more to Joni's memories of childhood in Canada and her study of classical music. "Dreamland" and "The Tenth World", featuring Chaka Khan on backing vocals, were percussion dominated tracks. Other songs continued the jazz-rock-folk collisions of ''Hejira''. Mitchell also revived "Jericho", written but never recorded years earlier (a version is found on her 1974 live album).
A few months after the release of ''Don Juan's Reckless Daughter'', Mitchell was contacted by jazz great Charles Mingus, who had heard the orchestrated song, "Paprika Plains", and wanted her to work with him. Mitchell began a collaboration with Mingus, who died before the project was completed in 1979. She finished the tracks (most were her own Mingus-inspired compositions, though "Goodbye Pork Pie Hat" is a Mingus instrumental standard to which Joni composed lyrics) and the resulting album, ''Mingus'', was released in June 1979, though it was poorly received in the press. Fans were confused over such a major change in Mitchell's overall sound, and though the album topped out at No. 17 on the Billboard album charts—a higher placement than ''Don Juan's Reckless Daughter'' – ''Mingus'' still fell short of gold status, making it her first album since the 1960s to not sell at least a half-million copies.
Mitchell's summer tour to promote ''Mingus'' began in August 1979 in Oklahoma City and concluded six weeks later with five shows at Los Angeles' Greek Theater, where she recorded and filmed the concerts. It was her first tour in several years, and with Pastorius, jazz guitar great Pat Metheny, and other members of her band, Mitchell also performed songs from her other jazz-inspired albums. When the tour ended she began a year of work, turning the tapes from the Los Angeles shows into a two-album set and a concert film, both to be called ''Shadows and Light''. Her final release on Asylum Records and her second live double-album, it was released in September 1980, and made it up to No. 38 on the Billboard Charts. A single from the LP, "Why Do Fools Fall in Love?", Mitchell's duet with The Persuasions (her opening act for the tour), bubbled under on Billboard, just missing the Hot 100.
1981–1993: Pop, protest and personal changes
For a year and a half, Mitchell worked on the tracks for her next album. During this period Mitchell recorded with bassist Larry Klein, eventually marrying him in 1982. While the album was being readied for release, her friend David Geffen, founder of Asylum Records, decided to start a new label, Geffen Records. Still distributed by Warner Bros,, (who controlled Asylum Records), Geffen was able to negate the remaining contractual obligations Mitchell had with Asylum and signed her to his new label. 1982's ''Wild Things Run Fast'' marked a return to pop songwriting, including "Chinese Cafe/Unchained Melody", which incorporated the chorus and parts of the melody of the famous Righteous Brothers hit, and "(You're So Square) Baby I Don't Care", a remake of the Elvis chestnut which charted higher than any Mitchell single since her '70s sales peak when it climbed to No. 47 on the charts. The album, however, peaked on the Billboard Charts in its fifth week at only No. 25.As 1983 began, Mitchell began a world tour, visiting Japan, Australia, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Scandinavia and then back to the United States. A performance from the tour was videotaped and later released on home video (and later DVD) as "Refuge Of The Roads." As 1984 ended, Mitchell was writing new songs, when she had a suggestion from Geffen that perhaps an outside producer with experience in the modern technical arenas they wanted to explore might be a worthy addition. British synth-pop performer and producer Thomas Dolby was brought on board. Of Dolby's role, Mitchell later commented: "I was reluctant when Thomas was suggested because he had been asked to produce the record [by Geffen], and would he consider coming in as just a programmer and a player? So on that level we did have some problems... He may be able to do it faster. He may be able to do it better, but the fact is that it then wouldn't really be my music."
The album that resulted, ''Dog Eat Dog'', released in October 1985, received a mostly negative critical response. It turned out to be only a moderate seller, peaking at No. 63 on Billboard's Top Albums Chart, Mitchell's lowest chart position since her first album peaked at No. 189 almost eighteen years before. One of the songs on the album, "Tax Free", created controversy by lambasting "televangelists" and what she saw as a drift to the religious right in American politics. "The churches came after me", she wrote, "they attacked me, though the Episcopalian Church, which I've described as the only church in America which actually uses its head, wrote me a letter of congratulation."
Mitchell continued experimenting with synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers for the recordings of her next album, 1988's ''Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm''. She also collaborated with artists including Willie Nelson, Billy Idol, Wendy & Lisa, Tom Petty, Don Henley and Peter Gabriel. The album's first official single, "My Secret Place", was in fact a duet with Gabriel, and just missed the Billboard Hot 100 charts. The song "Lakota" was one of many songs on the album to take on larger political themes, in this case the deadly battle between Native American activists and the FBI on the Lakota Sioux reservation in the previous decade. Musically, several songs fit into the trend of world music popularized by Gabriel during the era. Reviews were mostly favorable towards the album, and the cameos by well-known musicians brought it considerable attention. ''Chalk Mark'' ultimately improved on the chart performance of ''Dog Eat Dog'', peaking at No. 45.
After its release, Mitchell, who rarely performed live anymore, participated in Roger Waters' The Wall Concert in Berlin in 1990. She performed the song, "Goodbye Blue Sky" and also was one of the performers on the concerts ending song, "The Tide Is Turning" along with Waters, Cyndi Lauper, Bryan Adams, Van Morrison and Paul Carrack.
Throughout the first half of 1990, Mitchell recorded songs that would appear on her next album. She delivered the final mixes for the new album to Geffen just before Christmas, after trying nearly a hundred different sequences for the songs. The album ''Night Ride Home'' was released in March 1991. In the United States, it premiered on Billboard's Top Album charts at No. 68, moving up to No. 48 in its second week, and peaking at No. 41 in its sixth week. In the United Kingdom, the album premiered at No. 25 on the album charts. Critically, it was better received than her '80s work and seemed to signal a move closer to her acoustic beginnings, along with some references to the style of ''Hejira''. This album was also Mitchell's first since Geffen Records was sold to MCA Inc., meaning that ''Night Ride Home'' was her first album not to be initially distributed by WEA (now Warner Music Group).
1994–2001: Resurgence and vocal development
To wider audiences, the real "return to form" for Mitchell came with the 1994's Grammy-winning ''Turbulent Indigo''. While the recording period also saw the divorce of Mitchell and bassist Larry Klein, their marriage having lasted almost 12 years, ''Indigo'' was seen as Mitchell's most accessible set of songs in years. Songs such as "Sex Kills", "Sunny Sunday", "Borderline" and "The Magdalene Laundries" mixing social commentary and guitar-focused melodies for "a startling comeback." The album won two Grammy awards, including Best Pop Album, and it coincided with a much-publicized resurgence in interest in Mitchell's work by a younger generation of singer-songwriters.In 1996, Mitchell agreed to release a greatest ''Hits'' collection when label Reprise also allowed her a second ''Misses'' album to include some of the lesser known songs from her career. ''Hits'' charted at No. 161 in the US, but made No. 6 in the UK. Mitchell also included on ''Hits'', for the first time on an album, her first recording, a version of "Urge for Going" which preceded ''Song to a Seagull'' but was previously released only as a B-side.
Two years later, Mitchell released her final set of "original" new work before nearly a decade of other pursuits, 1998's ''Taming the Tiger''. She promoted ''Tiger'' with a return to regular concert appearances, most notably a co-headlining tour with Bob Dylan and Van Morrison. On the album, Mitchell had played a "guitar synthesizer" on most songs, and for the tour she adapted many of her old songs to this instrument, and reportedly had to re-learn all her complex tunings once again.
It was around this time that critics also began to notice a real change in Mitchell's voice, particularly on her older songs; the singer later admitted to feeling the same way, explaining that "I'd go to hit a note and there was nothing there." While her more limited range and huskier vocals have sometimes been attributed to her smoking (she has been described as "one of the world's last great smokers"), Mitchell believes the changes in her voice that became noticeable in the nineties were due to other problems, including vocal nodules, a compressed larynx, and the lingering effects of having had polio. In an interview in 2004, she denied that "my terrible habits" had anything to do with her more limited range and pointed out that singers often lose the upper register when they pass fifty. In addition, she contended that in her opinion her voice became a more interesting and expressive alto range when she no longer could hit the high notes, let alone hold them like she did in her youth.
The singer's next two albums featured no new songs and, Mitchell has said, were recorded to "fulfill contractual obligations", but on both she attempted to make use of her new vocal range in interpreting familiar material. ''Both Sides, Now'' (2000) was an album composed mostly of covers of jazz standards, performed with an orchestra, featuring orchestral arrangements by Vince Mendoza. The album also contained remakes of "A Case of You" and the title track "Both Sides Now", two early hits transposed down to Mitchell's now dusky, soulful alto range. It received mostly strong reviews and spawned a short national tour, with Mitchell accompanied by a core band featuring Larry Klein on bass plus a local orchestra on each tour stop. Its success led to 2002's ''Travelogue'', a collection of re-workings of her previous songs with lush orchestral accompaniments.
2002–2005: Retirement
Mitchell stated at the time that this would be her final album. In a 2002 interview with ''Rolling Stone'', she voiced discontent with the current state of the music industry, describing it as a "cesspool." Mitchell expressed her dislike of the record industry's dominance and her desire to control her own destiny, possibly through releasing her own music over the Internet.During the next few years, the only albums Mitchell released were compilations of her earlier work. In 2003, Mitchell's Geffen recordings were collected in a remastered, four-disc box set, ''The Complete Geffen Recordings'', including notes by Mitchell and some previously unreleased tracks. A series of themed compilations of songs from earlier albums were also released: ''The Beginning of Survival'' (2004), ''Dreamland'' (2004), and ''Songs of a Prairie Girl'' (2005), the last of which collected the threads of her Canadian upbringing and which she released after accepting an invitation to the Saskatchewan Centennial concert in Saskatoon. The concert, which featured a tribute to Mitchell, was also attended by Queen Elizabeth II. In ''Prairie Girl'' liner notes, she writes that the collection is "my contribution to Saskatchewan's Centennial celebrations."
In the early 1990s, Mitchell signed a deal with Random House to publish an autobiography. In 1998 she told ''The New York Times'' that her memoirs were "in the works", that they would be published in as many as four volumes, and that the first line would be "I was the only black man at the party." In 2005, Mitchell said that she was using a tape recorder to get her memories "down in the oral tradition."
As well in the early 2000s, Joni Mitchell worked with artist Gilles Hebert. Joni visited the Mendel Art Gallery in Saskatoon, where she and Giles produced a book called 'Voices'. The book received international attention and extended her fame, and the fame of Gilles Hebert.
Although Mitchell stated that she would no longer tour or give concerts, she has made occasional public appearances to speak on environmental issues. Mitchell divides her time between her longtime home in Los Angeles, and the property in Sechelt, British Columbia that she has owned since the early 1970s. "L.A. is my workplace", she said in 2006, "B.C. is my heartbeat." According to interviews, today she focuses mainly on her visual art, which she does not sell and which she displays only on rare occasions.
2006–2009: Late recordings and Morgellons advocacy
In an interview with ''The Ottawa Citizen'' in October 2006, Mitchell "revealed she's recording her first collection of new songs in nearly a decade", but gave few other details. Four months later, in an interview with ''The New York Times'', Mitchell said that the forthcoming album, titled ''Shine'', was inspired by the war in Iraq and "something her grandson had said while listening to family fighting: 'Bad dreams are good—in the great plan.'" Early media reports characterized the album as having "a minimal feel... that harks back to [Mitchell's] early work", and a focus on political and environmental issues.In February 2007, Mitchell also returned to Calgary and served as an advisor for the Alberta Ballet Company premiere of "The Fiddle and the Drum", a dance choreographed to both new and old songs. Mitchell also filmed portions of the rehearsals for a documentary she's working on. Of the flurry of recent activity she quipped, "I've never worked so hard in my life."
In summer 2007, Mitchell's official fan-run site confirmed speculation that she had signed a two-record deal with Starbucks' Hear Music label. ''Shine'' was released by the label on September 25, 2007, debuting at number 14 on the Billboard 200 album chart, her highest chart position in the United States since the release of ''Hejira'' in 1976, over thirty years previously, and at number 36 on the United Kingdom albums chart.
On the same day, Herbie Hancock, a longtime associate and friend of Mitchell's, released ''River: The Joni Letters'', an album paying tribute to Mitchell's work. Among the album's contributors were Norah Jones, Tina Turner, Leonard Cohen, and Mitchell herself, who contributed a vocal to the re-recording of "The Tea Leaf Prophecy (Lay Down Your Arms)" (originally on her album ''Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm''). On February 10, 2008, Hancock's recording won Album of the Year at the Grammy Awards. It was the first time in 43 years that a jazz artist took the top prize at the annual award ceremony. In accepting the award, Hancock paid tribute to Mitchell as well as to Miles Davis and John Coltrane. At the same ceremony Mitchell won a Grammy for Best Instrumental Pop Performance for the opening track "One Week Last Summer" from her album ''Shine''.
On February 12, 2010, "Both Sides, Now" was performed at the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Mitchell is currently receiving treatment for the controversial condition called "Morgellons syndrome". Mitchell spoke to the ''Los Angeles Times'' on April 22, 2010 about the disease, saying, "I have this weird, incurable disease that seems like it's from outer space, but my health's the best it's been in a while." She described Morgellons as a "slow, unpredictable killer" but said she is determined to fight the disease. "I have a tremendous will to live: I've been through another pandemic – I'm a polio survivor, so I know how conservative the medical body can be." According to Mitchell, Morgellons is often misdiagnosed as "delusion of parasites," and sufferers of the disease are offered psychiatric treatment. Mitchell said she plans to leave the music industry to work toward giving people diagnosed with Morgellons more credibility. In the same interview, Mitchell made the statement that singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, with whom she had worked closely in the past, was a fake and plagiarist. The controversial remark was widely reported by other media. Mitchell did not explain the contention further, but it may have related to the allegations of plagiarism surrounding some lyrics on Dylan's 2006 album ''Modern Times''.
Mitchell's longtime archivist, the San Francisco-based Joel Bernstein, maintains a detailed list of all her tunings, and has assisted her in relearning the tunings for several older songs.
Mitchell was also highly innovative harmonically in her early work (1966–72) using techniques including modality, chromaticism, and pedal points.
In 2003 ''Rolling Stone'' named her the 72nd greatest guitarist of all time; she was the highest-ranked woman on the list.
Influence on other artists
Mitchell's work has had an influence on artists as disparate as S. J. Tucker, Led Zeppelin, Nancy Wilson, Sonic Youth, Morrissey, Prince, Chaka Khan, Alanis Morissette, Björk, Counting Crows, Stevie Nicks, Jeff Buckley, Elvis Costello, Dan Fogelberg, Janet Jackson, Maynard James Keenan, Cyndi Lauper, Annie Lennox, k.d. lang, Madonna, Kurt Cobain,Frank Turner, Cassandra Wilson, Cat Power, George Michael, Marillion, Juice Newton, Conor Oberst, The Roots, Roxette, The Sundays, Clannad, Shawn Colvin, Anita Baker, Fiona Apple, Holly Brook, KT Tunstall, Seal, Tori Amos, Keith Green, Spank Rock, Schuyler Fisk, Kate Voegele, Regina Spektor, Me'Shell Ndegeocello, Keith Jarrett, Slash, Laura Marling, Keri Noble, Joanna Newsom, Boards of Canada and Sarah Dawn Finer.For instance, Prince's song "The Ballad of Dorothy Parker" on the album ''Sign 'O' the Times'' (1987), pays tribute to Mitchell, both through his evocative Mitchell-like harmonies and through the use of one of Mitchell's own techniques: as in Mitchell's song "This Flight Tonight", Prince references a song in his lyrics (Joni's own "Help Me") as the music begins to emulate the chords and melody of that song. Another Mitchell reference left by Prince can also be seen on the back cover of his 1981 ''Controversy'' record, where one of the headlines reads "★JONI★." His song "Raspberry Beret" also references "McGee's general store" from Joni's song "Paprika Plains".
Madonna has also cited Mitchell as the first female artist that really spoke to her as a teenager; "I was really, really into Joni Mitchell. I knew every word to ''Court and Spark''; I worshipped her when I was in high school. ''Blue'' is amazing. I would have to say of all the women I've heard, she had the most profound effect on me from a lyrical point of view."
Steve Hogarth, Steve Rothery and Mark Kelly of Marillion all cite Mitchell as a favorite artist.
A number of artists have enjoyed success covering Mitchell's songs. Judy Collins's 1967 recording of "Both Sides Now" reached No. 8 on Billboard charts and was a breakthrough in the career of both artists (Mitchell's own recording did not see release until two years later, on her second album ''Clouds''). This is Mitchell's most-covered song by far, with 587 versions recorded at latest count. Hole also covered "Both Sides Now" in 1990, renaming it ''Clouds'' and changing the lyrics. Pop group Neighborhood in 1970 and Amy Grant in 1995 scored hits with covers of "Big Yellow Taxi", the second most covered song in Mitchell's repertoire (with 223 covers). Recent releases of this song have been by Counting Crows in 2002 and Nena in 2007. Janet Jackson used a sample of the chorus of "Big Yellow Taxi" as the centerpiece of her 1997 hit single "Got 'Til It's Gone", which also features rapper Q-Tip saying "Joni Mitchell never lies." Rap artists Kanye West and Mac Dre have also sampled Mitchell's vocals in their music. In addition, Annie Lennox has covered "Ladies Of The Canyon" for the B-side of her 1995 hit "No More I Love You's." Mandy Moore covered "Help Me" in 2003. In 2004 singer George Michael covered her song "Edith And The Kingpin" for a radio show. "River" has been of the most popular songs covered in recent years, with versions by Dianne Reeves (1999), James Taylor (recorded for television in 2000, and for CD release in 2004), Allison Crowe (2004), Rachael Yamagata (2004), Aimee Mann (2005), and Sarah McLachlan (2006). McLachlan also did a version of "Blue" in 1996, and Cat Power recorded a cover of "Blue" in 2008. Other Mitchell covers include the famous "Woodstock" by both Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young and Matthews Southern Comfort, "This Flight Tonight" by Nazareth, and well-known versions of "Woodstock" by Eva Cassidy and "A Case of You" by Tori Amos, Michelle Branch, Jane Monheit, Prince, and Diana Krall. A 40th anniversary version of "Woodstock" was released in 2009 by Nick Vernier Band featuring Ian Matthews (formerly of Matthews Southern Comfort).
Prince's version, "A Case of U", appeared on ''A Tribute to Joni Mitchell'', a 2007 compilation released by Nonesuch Records, which also featured Björk ("The Boho Dance"), Caetano Veloso ("Dreamland"), Emmylou Harris ("The Magdalene Laundries"), Sufjan Stevens ("Free Man in Paris") and Cassandra Wilson ("For the Roses"), among others. Some of the recordings were made in the late 1990s when a project entitled ''A Case of Joni'' was developed but left incomplete. Among those who recorded tracks for the first tribute album, which remain unreleased, were Janet Jackson, Steely Dan, and Sheryl Crow. Chaka Khan recorded "Ladies Man" from Mitchell's LP ''Wild Things Run Fast'' on her 2007 CD titled ''Funk This''. Cassandra Wilson recorded "Black Crow" from Mitchell's ''Hejira'' on her ''Blue Light 'Til Dawn'' CD.
Several other songs reference Joni Mitchell. The song "Our House" by Graham Nash refers to Nash's brief affair with Mitchell at the time Crosby, Stills Nash and Young recorded the Déjà Vu album. Led Zeppelin's "Going to California" was said to be written about Robert Plant and Jimmy Page's infatuation with Mitchell, a claim that seems to be borne out by the fact that, in live performances, Plant often says "Joni" after the line "To find a queen without a king, they say she plays guitar and cries and sings." Jimmy Page uses a double dropped D guitar tuning similar to the alternative tunings Mitchell uses. The Sonic Youth song "Hey Joni" from their acclaimed ''Daydream Nation'' album is named for Mitchell. Sonic Youth also uses a wide variety of alternate guitar tunings. Alanis Morissette also mentions Joni in one of her songs, "Your House." British folk singer; Frank Turner mentions Joni in his song 'Sunshine State'. Fellow Canadian songwriter Ferron invokes Mitchell to open the song "Maya": "Last night I dreamed Joni Mitchell cut her hair and changed her name to Gaia. And she spoke to me in a confident air and said...'You better push the edge of Maya.'"
Melody Green wrote in "No Compromise, the life story of Keith Green", that her husband Keith Green and some friends found Joni's Southern California home security gate was open and they sang in her front lawn until she came out. She invited them all in and Green entertained her for a while on her piano.
Also, on the 2004 album ''eMOTIVe'' by A Perfect Circle, Maynard James Keenan covered Mitchell's song ''Fiddle and the Drum.''
Awards and honors
In 1995, Mitchell received Billboard's Century Award. In 1996, she was awarded the Polar Music Prize. In 1997, Mitchell was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but did not attend the ceremony.She has received eight Grammy Awards during her career, with the first coming in 1969 and the most recent in 2008. She received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002, with the citation describing her as "one of the most important female recording artists of the rock era" and "a powerful influence on all artists who embrace diversity, imagination and integrity."
In fitting tribute to Joni Mitchell, the TNT network presented an all-star celebration at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City, April 6, 2000. Many legendary performers sang Mitchell's songs, including James Taylor, Elton John, Wynonna Judd, Bryan Adams, Cyndi Lauper, Diana Krall, and Richard Thompson of Fairport Convention fame. Mitchell herself ended the evening with a rendition of "Both Sides Now" with a full 70 piece orchestra. The version was featured on the soundtrack to the hit movie, ''Love Actually''.
Regarding her as a national treasure, Mitchell's home country Canada has bestowed a number of honours on her. She was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1981 and received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000. In 2002 she became only the third popular Canadian singer/songwriter (Gordon Lightfoot and Leonard Cohen being the other two), to be appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honour. She received an honorary doctorate in music from McGill University in 2004. In January 2007 she was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame. In June 2007 Canada Post featured Mitchell on a postage stamp.
In November 2006, the album ''Blue'' was listed by ''TIME'' magazine as among the "All-Time 100 Albums."
In 1999 Mitchell was listed as fifth on VH1's list of "The 100 Greatest Women of Rock N' Roll." In 2010, Vh1 would name her the #44 Greatest Artist of All Time.
In the 2010 film ''The Kids Are All Right'', the character Joni is supposed to have been named after Joni Mitchell since the character Nic, Joni's mother, declares to be a fan of Mitchell.
Grammy Awards
| Year !!Category !! Work!! Result | ||||
| 1969 | Best Folk Performance | Clouds (Joni Mitchell album)>Clouds'' | ||
| 1974 | Album of the Year| | ''Court and Spark'' | Nomination | |
| 1974 | Record of the Year| | Help Me (Joni Mitchell song)>Help Me" | Nomination | |
| 1974 | Pop Female Vocalist| | ''Court and Spark'' | Nomination | |
| 1974 | Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)| | "Down To You" | Won | |
| 1976 | Pop Female Vocalist| | ''The Hissing of Summer Lawns'' | Nomination | |
| 1977 | Best Album Package| | Hejira (album)>Hejira'' | Nomination | |
| 1988 | Pop Female Vocalist| | ''Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm'' | Nomination | |
| 1995 | Best Pop Album| | ''Turbulent Indigo'' | Won | |
| 1995 | Best Album Package| | ''Turbulent Indigo'' | Won | |
| 2000 | Best Female Pop Vocal Performance| | ''Both Sides, Now'' | Nomination | |
| 2000 | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album| | ''Both Sides, Now'' | Won | |
| 2002 | Lifetime Achievement Award| | – | Won | |
| 2007 | Album of the Year| | ''River: The Joni Letters'' | Won* | |
| 2007 | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | | | "One Week Last Summer" | Won |
Discography
;Studio releases
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Category:1943 births Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Alberta Category:Appalachian dulcimer players Category:Canadian female guitarists Category:Canadian female singers Category:Canadian folk guitarists Category:Canadian folk singers Category:Canadian Music Hall of Fame inductees Category:Canadian pop singers Category:Canadian singer-songwriters Category:Canadian people of Norwegian descent Category:Canadian people of Irish descent Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent Category:Companions of the Order of Canada Category:Crossover (music) Category:Female rock singers Category:Feminist musicians Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Juno Award winners Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:People from Southern California Category:People from Saskatoon Category:People from Willow Creek, Alberta Category:Musicians from Saskatchewan Category:Sami people
af:Joni Mitchell ca:Joni Mitchell cs:Joni Mitchell da:Joni Mitchell de:Joni Mitchell el:Τζόνι Μίτσελ es:Joni Mitchell fr:Joni Mitchell id:Joni Mitchell it:Joni Mitchell he:ג'וני מיטשל nl:Joni Mitchell ja:ジョニ・ミッチェル no:Joni Mitchell nn:Joni Mitchell pl:Joni Mitchell pt:Joni Mitchell ro:Joni Mitchell ru:Джони Митчелл sc:Joni Mitchell simple:Joni Mitchell sk:Joni Mitchellová sh:Joni Mitchell fi:Joni Mitchell sv:Joni Mitchell th:โจนี มิตเชลล์ tr:Joni Mitchell uk:Джоні Мітчелл zh:琼尼·米歇尔This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Name | Jerry Garcia |
|---|---|
| Landscape | yes |
| Background | solo_singer |
| Birth name | Jerome John Garcia |
| Born | August 1, 1942San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Died | August 09, 1995Forest Knolls, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Musician, songwriter |
| Instrument | Guitar, pedal steel guitar, banjo, vocals |
| Genre | Folk rock, jam, bluegrass, country rock, jazz, rock and roll, psychedelic rock, rhythm and blues, blues-rock |
| Years active | 1960–1995 |
| Label | Rhino, Arista, Warner Bros., Acoustic Disc, Grateful Dead |
| Associated acts | Grateful Dead, Legion of Mary, Reconstruction, Jerry Garcia Band, Old and in the Way, Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band, New Riders of the Purple Sage |
| Website | JerryGarcia.com |
| Notable instruments | Gibson SGsGuild Starfire1957 Gibson Les PaulGold-top Les Paul with P-90Fender Stratocaster "Alligator"Doug Irwin-modified Alembic "Wolf" Doug Irwin Custom "Tiger" Doug Irwin Custom "Rosebud"Stephen Cripe Custom "Lightning Bolt," Martin D-28, Takamine acoustic-electric guitars }} |
One of its founders, Garcia performed with the Grateful Dead for their entire three-decade career (1965–1995). Garcia also founded and participated in a variety of side projects, including the Saunders-Garcia Band (with longtime friend Merl Saunders), Jerry Garcia Band, Old and in the Way, the Garcia/Grisman acoustic duo, Legion of Mary, and the New Riders of the Purple Sage (which Garcia co-founded with John Dawson and David Nelson). He also released several solo albums, and contributed to a number of albums by other artists over the years as a session musician. He was well known by many for his distinctive guitar playing and was ranked 13th in ''Rolling Stone'''s "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" cover story.
Later in life, Garcia was sometimes ill because of his unstable weight, and in 1986 went into a diabetic coma that nearly cost him his life. Although his overall health improved somewhat after that, he also struggled with heroin addiction, and was staying in a California drug rehabilitation facility when he died of a heart attack in August 1995.
Childhood and early life
Jerry Garcia's ancestry was Galician (Spanish), Irish, and Swedish. He was born in San Francisco, California, on August 1, 1942, to Jose Ramon "Joe" Garcia and Ruth Marie "Bobbie" (née Clifford) Garcia. His parents named him after composer Jerome Kern. Jerome John was their second child, preceded by Clifford Ramon "Tiff", who was born in 1937. Shortly before Clifford's birth, their father and a partner leased a building in downtown San Francisco and turned it into a bar, partly in response to Jose being blackballed from a musician's union for moonlighting.Garcia was influenced by music at an early age, taking piano lessons for much of his childhood. His father was a retired professional musician and his mother enjoyed playing the piano. His father's extended family—who had emigrated from Spain in 1919—would often sing during reunions.
At age four, while vacationing in the Santa Cruz Mountains, Garcia underwent amputation of two-thirds of his right middle finger. Garcia was given the chore of steadying wood while his elder brother chopped, when he inadvertently put his finger in the way of the falling axe. After his mother wrapped his hand in a towel Garcia's father drove him over thirty miles to the nearest hospital. A few weeks later, Garcia—who never looked at the finger after the accident—was surprised to discover most of it missing when the bandage he was wearing came off during a bath. Garcia later confided that he often used it to his advantage in his youth, showing it off to other children in his neighborhood.
Garcia experienced several tragic events during his youth. Less than a year after losing the segment of his finger, his father died. While on vacation with his family near Arcata in Northern California in 1947, his father went fly-fishing in the Trinity River, part of the Six Rivers National Forest. Not long after entering he slipped on a rock underfoot, plunging into the deep rapids of the river. The incident was witnessed by a group of boys who immediately sought help, beckoning a pair of nearby fishermen. By the time he was pulled from the water, he had already drowned. Garcia later claimed to have seen his father fall into the river, but Dennis McNally, author of the book ''A Long Strange Trip: The Inside Story of the Grateful Dead'', asserts that he did not, instead forming the memory from hearing the story repeated many times. Blair Jackson, who wrote the biography ''Garcia: An American Life'', lends weight to McNally's claim, citing that the newspaper article describing Jose's death made no mention of Garcia being at the scene—even misidentifying him as his parents' daughter.
Following the accident, Garcia's mother took over their late father's bar, buying out his partner for full ownership. As a result, Ruth Garcia began working full-time, sending Jerry and his brother to live just down the road with their maternal grandparents, Tillie and William Clifford. During the five-year period in which he lived with his grandparents, Garcia enjoyed a large amount of autonomy and attended Monroe School, the local elementary school. At the school, Garcia was greatly encouraged in his artistic abilities by his third grade teacher: through her, he discovered that "being a creative person was a viable possibility in life." According to Garcia, it was around this time that he was opened up to country and to bluegrass by his grandmother, who he recalled enjoyed listening to the Grand Ole Opry. His elder brother, Clifford, however, staunchly believed the contrary, insisting that Garcia was "fantasizing all [that] ... she'd been to Opry, but she didn't listen to it on the radio." It was at this point that Garcia started playing the banjo, his first stringed instrument.
In 1953, Garcia's mother was remarried to a man named Wally Matusiewicz. Subsequently, Garcia and his brother moved back home with their mother and new stepfather. However, due to the roughneck reputation of their neighborhood at the time, the Excelsior District, Garcia's mother moved their family to Menlo Park. During their stay in Menlo Park, Garcia became acquainted with racism and antisemitism, things he disliked intensely. The same year, Garcia was also introduced to rock and roll and rhythm and blues by his brother, and enjoyed listening to the likes of Ray Charles, John Lee Hooker, B. B. King, Hank Ballard, and, in a few years, Chuck Berry. Clifford often memorized the vocals for his favorite songs, and would then make Garcia learn the harmony parts, a move to which Garcia later attributed much of his early ear training.
In mid-1957, Garcia began smoking cigarettes and was introduced to marijuana. Garcia would later reminisce about the first time he smoked marijuana: "Me and a friend of mine went up into the hills with two joints, the San Francisco foothills, and smoked these joints and just got so high and laughed and roared and went skipping down the streets doing funny things and just having a helluva time". During this time, Garcia also took up an art program at the San Francisco Art Institute to further his burgeoning interest in the visual arts. The teacher there was Wally Hedrick, an artist who came to prominence during the 1960s. During the classes, he often encouraged Garcia in his drawing and painting skills.
In June of the same year, Garcia graduated from the local Menlo Oaks school. He then moved with his family back to San Francisco, where they lived in an apartment above the newly built bar, having previously been torn down to make way for a freeway entrance. Two months later, on Garcia's fifteenth birthday, his mother purchased him an accordion, to his great disappointment. Garcia had long been captivated by many rhythm and blues artists, especially Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley: his one wish at this point was to have an electric guitar. After some pleading, his mother exchanged the accordion for a Danelectro with a small amplifier at a local pawnshop. Garcia's stepfather, who was somewhat proficient with instruments, helped tune his guitar to an unusual open tuning.
After a short stint at Denman Junior High School, Garcia attended tenth grade at Balboa High School in 1958, where he often got into trouble for skipping classes and fighting. Consequently, in 1959, Garcia's mother again moved the family to get Garcia to stay out of trouble, this time to Cazadero, a small town in Sonoma County, 90 miles north of San Francisco. This turn of events did not sit well with Garcia. To get to Analy High School, the nearest school, he had to travel by bus thirty miles to Sebastopol, a move which only made him more unhappy. Garcia did, however, join a band at his school known as the Chords. After performing and winning a contest, the band's reward was recording a song—they chose "Raunchy" by Bill Doggett.
Recording career
Relocation and band beginnings
Garcia stole his mother's car in 1960, and as punishment, joined the United States Army. He received basic training at Fort Ord. After training, he was transferred to Fort Winfield Scott in the Presidio of San Francisco. Garcia spent most of his time in the army at his leisure, missing roll call and accruing many counts of AWOL. As a result, Garcia was given a general discharge on December 14, 1960.In January 1961, Garcia drove down to East Palo Alto to see Laird Grant, an old friend from middle school. Garcia, using his final paycheck from the army, purchased some gasoline and an old Chevrolet car, which barely made it to Grant's residence before it broke down. Garcia proceeded to spend the next few weeks sleeping where friends would allow, eventually using his car as a home. Through Grant, Garcia met Dave McQueen in February, who, after hearing Garcia perform some blues, acquainted him with many people from the local area, as well as introduced him to the people at the Chateau, a rooming house located near Stanford University which was then a popular hangout.
On February 20, 1961, Garcia entered a car with Paul Speegle, a 16-year-old artist and acquaintance of Garcia; Lee Adams, the house manager of the Chateau and driver of the car; and Alan Trist, a companion of theirs. After speeding past the Menlo Park Veterans Hospital, the car encountered a curve and, traveling around ninety miles per hour, collided with the guard rail, sending the car rolling turbulently. Garcia was hurled through the windshield of the car into a nearby field with such force he was literally thrown out of his shoes and would later be unable to recall the ejection. Lee Adams, the driver, and Alan Trist, who was seated in the back, were thrown from the car as well, suffering from abdominal injuries and a spine fracture, respectively. Garcia escaped with a broken collarbone, while Speegle, still in the car, was fatally injured.
The accident served as an awakening for Garcia, who later commented: "That's where my life began. Before then I was always living at less than capacity. I was idling. That was the slingshot for the rest of my life. It was like a second chance. Then I got serious". It was at this time that Garcia began to realize that he needed to begin playing the guitar in earnest—a move which meant giving up his love of drawing and painting.
Garcia met Robert Hunter in April 1961. Hunter would go on to become a long-time lyrical collaborator with the Grateful Dead. Living out of his car next to Robert Hunter on a lot in East Palo Alto, Garcia and Hunter began to participate in the local art and music scenes, sometimes playing at Kepler's Books. Garcia performed his first concert with Hunter, each earning five dollars. Garcia and Hunter would also play in a band with David Nelson, a contributor to a few Grateful Dead albums, labeled the Wildwood Boys.
In 1962 Garcia met Phil Lesh, the eventual bassist of the Grateful Dead, during a party in Menlo Park's bohemian Perry Lane neighborhood (where Ken Kesey lived). Lesh would later write in his autobiography that Garcia resembled the "composer Claude Debussy: dark, curly hair, goatee, Impressionist eyes".
While attending another party in Palo Alto, Lesh approached Garcia to suggest that he record some songs on Lesh's tape recorder (Phil was musically trained, though he did not start playing bass guitar until the formation of the Grateful Dead in 1965) with the intention of getting them played on the radio station KPFA. Using an old Wollensak tape recorder, they recorded "Matty Groves" and "The Long Black Veil", among several other tunes. Their efforts were not in vain, and they later landed a spot on the show, where a ninety-minute special was done specifically on Garcia. It was broadcast under the title "'The Long Black Veil' and Other Ballads: An Evening with Jerry Garcia".
Garcia soon began playing and teaching acoustic guitar and banjo. One of Garcia's students was Bob Matthews, who later engineered many of the Grateful Dead's albums. Matthews went to high school and was friends with Bob Weir, and on New Year's Eve 1963, he introduced Weir and Garcia to each other.
Between 1962 and 1964, Garcia sang and performed mainly bluegrass, old-time and folk music. One of the bands Garcia was known to perform with was the Sleepy Hollow Hog Stompers, a bluegrass act. The group consisted of Jerry Garcia on guitar, banjo, vocals, and harmonica, Marshall Leicester on banjo, guitar, and vocals, and Dick Arnold on fiddle and vocals. Soon thereafter, Garcia joined a local bluegrass and folk band called Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions, whose membership also included Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, a rhythm and blues fan.
Around this time, the psychedelic LSD was beginning to gain prominence. Garcia first began experimenting with LSD in 1964; later, when asked how it changed his life, he remarked: "Well, it changed everything [...] the effect was that it freed me because I suddenly realized that my little attempt at having a straight life and doing that was really a fiction and just wasn't going to work out. Luckily I wasn't far enough into it for it to be shattering or anything; it was like a realization that just made me feel immensely relieved".
In 1965, Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions evolved into the Warlocks, with the addition of Phil Lesh on bass guitar and Bill Kreutzmann on percussion. However, the band quickly learned that another group was already performing under their newly selected name, prompting another name change. After several suggestions, Garcia came up with the name by opening a Funk and Wagnall's dictionary. He was then promptly greeted with the "Grateful Dead". The definition provided for "Grateful Dead" was "a dead person, or his angel, showing gratitude to someone who, as an act of charity, arranged their burial". The band's immediate reaction was disapproval. Garcia later explained the group's feelings towards the name: "I didn't like it really, I just found it to be really powerful. [Bob] Weir didn't like it, [Bill] Kreutzmann didn't like it and nobody really wanted to hear about it. [...]" Despite their dislike of the name, it quickly spread by word of mouth, and soon became their official title.
Career with the Grateful Dead
Garcia served as lead guitarist, as well as one of the principal vocalists and songwriters of the Grateful Dead for their entire career. Garcia composed such songs as "Dark Star", "Franklin's Tower", and "Scarlet Begonias", among many others. Robert Hunter, an ardent collaborator with the band, wrote the lyrics to all but a few of Garcia's songs.Garcia was well-noted for his "soulful extended guitar improvisations", which would frequently feature interplay between himself and his fellow band members. His fame, as well as the band's, arguably rested on their ability to never play a song the same way twice. Often, Garcia would take cues from rhythm guitarist Bob Weir on when to solo, remarking that "there are some [...] kinds of ideas that would really throw me if I had to create a harmonic bridge between all the things going on rhythmically with two drums and Phil [Lesh's] innovative bass playing. Weir's ability to solve that sort of problem is extraordinary. [...] Harmonically, I take a lot of my solo cues from Bob."
When asked to describe his approach to soloing, Garcia commented: "It keeps on changing. I still basically revolve around the melody and the way it’s broken up into phrases as I perceive them. With most solos, I tend to play something that phrases the way the melody does; my phrases may be more dense or have different value, but they’ll occur in the same places in the song. [...]"
Garcia and the band toured almost constantly from their formation in 1965 until Garcia's death in 1995, a stint which gave credit to the name "endless tour". Periodically, there were breaks due to exhaustion or health problems, often due to unstable health and/or Garcia's drug use. During their three decade span, the Grateful Dead played 2,314 shows.
Garcia's mature guitar-playing melded elements from the various kinds of music that had enthralled him. Echoes of bluegrass playing (such as Arthur Smith and Doc Watson) could be heard. But the "roots music" behind bluegrass had its influence, too, and melodic riffs from Celtic fiddle jigs can be distinguished. There was also early rock (like Lonnie Mack, James Burton and Chuck Berry), contemporary blues (such as Freddie King and Lowell Fulson), country and western (such as Roy Nichols and Don Rich), and jazz (like Charlie Christian and Django Reinhardt) to be heard in Jerry's style. Don Rich was the sparkling country guitar player in Buck Owens's "the Buckaroos" band of the 1960s, but besides Rich's style, both Garcia's pedal steel guitar playing (on Grateful Dead records and others) and his standard electric guitar work, were influenced by another of Owens's Buckaroos of that time, pedal-steel player Tom Brumley. And as an improvisational soloist, John Coltrane was one of his greatest personal and musical influences.
Garcia later described his playing style as having "descended from barroom rock and roll, country guitar. Just 'cause that's where all my stuff comes from. It's like that blues instrumental stuff that was happening in the late Fifties and early Sixties, like Freddie King." Garcia's style varied somewhat according to the song or instrumental to which he was contributing. His playing had a number of so-called "signatures" and, in his work through the years with the Grateful Dead, one of these was lead lines making much use of rhythmic triplets (examples include the songs "Good Morning Little School Girl", "New Speedway Boogie", "Brokedown Palace", "Deal", "Loser", "Truckin'", "That's It for the Other One", "U.S. Blues", "Sugaree", and "Don't Ease Me In").
Side projects
In addition to the Grateful Dead, Garcia had numerous side projects, the most notable being the Jerry Garcia Band. He was also involved with various acoustic projects such as Old and in the Way and other bluegrass bands, including collaborations with noted bluegrass mandolinist David Grisman. The documentary film ''Grateful Dawg'' chronicles the deep, long-term friendship between Garcia and Grisman.Other groups of which Garcia was a member at one time or another include the Black Mountain Boys, Legion of Mary, Reconstruction, and the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band. Jerry Garcia was also an appreciative fan of jazz artists and improvisation: he played with jazz keyboardists Merl Saunders and Howard Wales for many years in various groups and jam sessions, and he appeared on saxophonist Ornette Coleman's 1988 album, ''Virgin Beauty''. His collaboration with Merl Saunders and Muruga Booker on the Grammy-nominated world music album ''Blues From the Rainforest'' launched the Rainforest Band.
Garcia also spent a lot of time in the recording studio helping out fellow musician friends in session work, often adding guitar, vocals, pedal steel, sometimes banjo and piano and even producing. He played on over 50 studio albums the styles of which were eclectic and varied, including bluegrass, rock, folk, blues, country, jazz, electronic music, gospel, funk, and reggae. Artists who sought Garcia's help included the likes of Jefferson Airplane (most notably ''Surrealistic Pillow'', Garcia being listed as their "Spiritual Advisor"), Tom Fogerty, David Bromberg, Robert Hunter (''Liberty'', on Relix Records), Paul Pena, Peter Rowan, Warren Zevon, Country Joe McDonald, Ken Nordine, Ornette Coleman, Bruce Hornsby, Bob Dylan and many more. He was also one of the first musicians to really cover in depth Motown music in the early 1970s and probably the most prolific coverer of Bob Dylan songs. In 1995 Garcia played on three tracks for the CD ''Blue Incantation'' by guitarist Sanjay Mishra, making it his last studio collaboration.
Throughout the early 1970s, Garcia, Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, drummer Mickey Hart, and David Crosby collaborated intermittently with MIT-educated composer and biologist Ned Lagin on several projects in the realm of early electronica; these include the album ''Seastones'' (released by the Dead on their Round Records subsidiary) and ''L'', an unfinished dance work.
Garcia also lent pedal-steel guitar playing to fellow-San Francisco musicians New Riders of the Purple Sage from their initial dates in 1969 to October 1971, when increased commitments with the Dead forced him to opt out of the group. He appears as a band member on their début album ''New Riders of the Purple Sage'', and produced ''Home, Home On The Road'', a 1974 live album by the band. He also contributed pedal steel guitar to the enduring hit "Teach Your Children" by Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young. Garcia also played steel guitar licks on Brewer & Shipley's 1970 album ''Tarkio''. Despite considering himself a novice on the pedal steel, Garcia routinely ranked high in player polls. After a long lapse from playing the pedal-steel, he played it once more during several of the Dead's concerts with Bob Dylan during the summer of 1987.
Having studied art at the San Francisco Art Institute, Garcia embarked on a second career in the visual arts. He offered for sale and auction to the public a number of illustrations, lithographs, and water colors. Some of those pieces became the basis of a line of men's neckties characterized by bright colors and abstract patterns. Even in 2005, ten years after Garcia's death, new styles and designs continued to be produced and sold.
Personal life
Garcia met his first wife, Sara Ruppenthal Garcia, in 1963. She was working at the coffee house in the back of Kepler's Bookstore where Garcia, Hunter, and Nelson performed. They married on April 23 of the same year, and had their only child together, a daughter whom they named Heather, on December 8, 1963.Garcia and his fellow musicians were subjected to a handful of drug busts during their lifetime. On October 2, 1967, 710 Ashbury Street in San Francisco (where the Grateful Dead had taken up residence the year before) was raided after a police tip-off. Grateful Dead members Phil Lesh, Bob Weir, and Ron "Pigpen" McKernan were apprehended on marijuana charges which were later dropped, although Garcia himself was not arrested. The following year, ironically, Garcia's picture was used in a campaign commercial for Richard Nixon.
Most of the Grateful Dead were arrested again in January 1970, after they flew to New Orleans from Hawaii. After returning to their hotel from a performance, the band checked into their rooms, only to be quickly raided by police. Around fifteen people were arrested on the spot, including many of the road crew, management, and nearly all of the Grateful Dead (except Garcia, who arrived later, and Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, who was not taking drugs at the time).
During August 1970, Garcia's mother Ruth was involved in a car accident near Twin Peaks in San Francisco. Garcia, who was recording the album ''American Beauty'' at the time, often left the sessions to visit his mother with his brother Clifford. She died on September 28, 1970. That same year, Garcia participated in the soundtrack for the film ''Zabriskie Point''.
Carolyn Adams, also known as 'Mountain Girl', gave birth to Garcia's second and third daughters, Annabelle Walker Garcia (February 2, 1970) and Theresa Adams "Trixie" Garcia (September 21, 1974). Adams and Garcia married in 1981.
In 1975, around the time ''Blues for Allah'' was being created, Garcia met Deborah Koons, the woman who would much later become his third wife and widow. He began seeing her while he was still involved with Adams, with whom Koons had a less-than-perfect relationship. Garcia and Adams eventually went different ways.
While touring in late 1973 the band began to use cocaine in order to reduce the exhausting effects of constantly being on the road. During the band's hiatus in 1975, Garcia was introduced to a smoke-able form of heroin. Influenced by the stresses of creating and releasing ''The Grateful Dead Movie'' in 1977, Garcia's cocaine and heroin use increased. This, combined with the drug use of several other members of the Grateful Dead, produced turbulent times for the band: the band's chemistry began "cracking and crumbling", resulting in poor group cohesion. As a result, Keith and Donna Godchaux were asked to leave the band in February 1979. With the addition of the astounding keyboardist Brent Mydland, the band was reaching new heights. Though things seemed to be getting better for the band, Garcia's health was descending. By 1983, Garcia had lost his "liveliness" on stage. The so-called "endless tour", the result of years of financial risks, drug use and mistakes, also became extremely taxing.
Garcia's use of heroin increased heavily over the years, eventually culminating in the rest of the Grateful Dead holding an intervention in January of 1985. Given the choice between the band or the drugs, Garcia readily agreed to check into a rehabilitation center in Oakland, California. A few days later in January, nearing the completion of his program in Oakland, Garcia was arrested for drug possession in Golden Gate Park; Garcia subsequently attended a drug diversion program. Throughout 1985, Garcia fought to kick his habit while on tour, and by 1986, was completely clean.
Precipitated by an unhealthy weight, bad eating habits, and recent drug use, Garcia collapsed into a diabetic coma in July 1986, waking up five days later. Garcia later spoke about this period of unconsciousness as surreal: "Well, I had some very weird experiences. My main experience was one of furious activity and tremendous struggle in a sort of futuristic, space-ship vehicle with insectoid presences. After I came out of my coma, I had this image of myself as these little hunks of protoplasm that were stuck together kind of like stamps with perforations between them that you could snap off." Garcia's coma had a profound effect on him: it forced him to have to relearn how to play the guitar, as well as other, more basic skills. Within a handful of months, Garcia quickly recovered, playing with the Jerry Garcia Band and the Grateful Dead again later that year. Garcia frequently saw a woman named Manasha Matheson during this period. Together they produced Garcia's fourth and final child, a girl named Keelin Noel Garcia, who was born December 20, 1987. (Jerry, Keelin and Manasha toured and shared a home together as a family until 1993.) After Garcia's recovery, the band released a comeback album "In the Dark" in 1987, which became their best ever selling studio album. Inspired by Garcia's improved health and a successful album, the band's energy and chemistry peaked in the late 1980's and 1990.
During the summer of 1990, when keyboardist Brent Mydland died, Garcia relapsed. Before the winter tour later 1990, Garcia was confronted by the Grateful Dead with another intervention. After a disastrous meeting, Garcia invited Phil Lesh over to his home in San Rafael, California, where he explained that after the meeting he would start attending a methadone clinic. Garcia said that he simply wanted to clean up in his own way.
After returning from the Grateful Dead's 1992 summer tour, Garcia became extremely sick, evidently a throwback to his diabetic coma in 1986. Refusing to go to the hospital, he instead enlisted the aid of an acupuncturist named Yen Wei Choong and a licensed doctor to treat him personally at home. Garcia recovered over the following days, despite the Grateful Dead having to cancel their fall tour to allow him time to recuperate. Following this episode, Garcia quit smoking and began losing weight.
Garcia and girlfriend Barbara Meier, who had met in December of the previous year, separated at the beginning of the Dead's 1993 spring tour. In 1994, Garcia renewed acquaintances with Deborah Koons, with whom he had been involved sometime around 1975. They married on February 14, 1994, in Sausalito, California. The wedding was attended by family and friends. Garcia had divorced Adams in January of that year.
By the beginning of 1995, Garcia's physical and mental condition began a decline. His playing ability suffered to the point where he would turn down the volume of his guitar, and he often had to be reminded of what song he was performing. Due to his frail condition, he began to use again just to dull the pain.
In light of his second drug relapse and current condition, Garcia checked himself into the Betty Ford Center during July 1995. His stay was limited, however, lasting only two weeks. Motivated by the experience, he then checked into the Serenity Knolls treatment center in Forest Knolls, California.
Death
On August 9, 1995, at 4:23 am, Garcia's body was discovered in his room at the rehabilitation clinic. The cause of death was a heart attack. Garcia had long struggled with drug addiction, weight problems, and sleep apnea, all of which contributed to his physical decline. Phil Lesh remarked in his autobiography that, upon hearing of Garcia's death, "I was struck numb; I had lost my oldest surviving friend, my brother." On the morning of August 10, Garcia was rested at a funeral home in San Rafael, California. On August 12, at St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Belvedere, Garcia's funeral was held. It was attended by his family, the remaining Grateful Dead and their friends, including former basketball player Bill Walton and musician Bob Dylan, and his widow Deborah Koons, who barred Garcia's other two wives from the ceremony.On August 13, a municipally-sanctioned public memorial took place in the Polo Fields of San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, and was attended by about twenty-five thousand people. The crowds produced hundreds of flowers, gifts, images, and even a bagpipe rendition of "Amazing Grace" in remembrance.
On April 4, 1996, Bob Weir and Deborah Koons spread half of Garcia's cremated ashes into the Ganges River at the holy city of Rishikesh, India, a site sacred to the Hindus. Then, according to Garcia's last wishes, the other half of his ashes were poured into the San Francisco Bay. Deborah Koons did not allow one of Garcia's ex-wives, Carolyn "Mountain Girl" Garcia, to attend the spreading of the ashes.
Musical equipment
Garcia played many guitars during his career, which ranged from Fender Stratocasters and Gibson SGs to custom-made instruments. During his thirty-odd years of being a musician, Garcia used about twenty-five different guitars.In 1965, when Garcia was playing with the Warlocks, he used a Guild Starfire, which he also used on the début album of the Grateful Dead. Beginning in late 1967 and ending in 1968, Garcia played various colored Gibson Les Paul guitars. In 1969, he picked up the Gibson SG and used it for most of that year and 1970, except for a small period in between where he used a Sunburst Fender Stratocaster.
During Garcia's "pedal steel flirtation period" (as Bob Weir referred to it in ''Anthem to Beauty''), from approximately 1968 to 1973, he played a ZB Custom D-10 steel guitar, especially in his earlier public performances. Although this was a double neck guitar, Garcia often would choose not to attach the last 5 pedal rods for the rear or Western Swing neck. Additionally, he was playing an Emmons D-10 at the time of the Grateful Dead's and New Riders of the Purple Sage's final appearances at the Filmore East in late April 1971. Also, he had been given a Fender Pedal Steel (probably a 1000 model) prior to owning the ZB Custom, but did not play it much.
In 1969, Garcia played pedal steel on two notable outside recordings: the track "The Farm" on the Jefferson Airplane album ''Volunteers''; and the hit single "Teach Your Children" by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young from their album ''Déjà Vu'', released in 1970. Garcia played on the latter album in exchange for harmony lessons for the Grateful Dead, who were at the time recording their acoustic albums ''Workingman's Dead'' and ''American Beauty''.
In 1972, Garcia used a Fender Stratocaster nicknamed Alligator for its alligator sticker on the pickguard. The guitar was given to him by Graham Nash. This was due in part to damage to his first custom-made guitar, made by Alembic. This guitar, nicknamed Wolf for a memorable sticker Garcia added below the tailpiece, cost $1500 - extremely high for the time.
In the late eighties Garcia, Weir and CSN (along with many others) endorsed Alvarez Yairi acoustic guitars. There are many photographs circulating (mostly promotional) of Jerry playing a DY99 Virtuoso Custom with a Modulus Graphite neck. He opted to play with the less decorated model but the promotional photo from the Alvarez Yairi catalog has him holding the "tree of life" model. This hand-built guitar was notable for the collaboration between Japanese luthier Kazuo Yairi and Modulus Graphite of San Rafael. As with most things Garcia, with his passing, the DY99 model is rendered legend and valuable among collectors.
Wolf was made with an ebony fingerboard and featured numerous embellishments like alternating grain designs in the headstock, ivory inlays, and fret marker dots made of sterling silver. The body was composed of western maple wood which had a core of purpleheart. Garcia later had former Alembic employee Doug Irwin replace the electronics inside the guitar, at which point he added his own logo to the headstock alongside the Alembic logo. The system included two interchangeable plates for configuring pickups: one was made for strictly single coils, while the other accommodated humbuckers. Shortly after receiving the modified instrument, Garcia requested another custom guitar from Irwin with the advice "don't hold back."
During the Grateful Dead's European Tour, Wolf was dropped on several occasions, one of which caused a minor crack in the headstock. Garcia returned it to Irwin to fix; during its two-year absence Garcia played predominantly Travis Bean guitars. On September 28, 1977, Irwin delivered the renovated Wolf back to Garcia. The wolf sticker which gave the guitar its name had now been inlaid into the instrument; it also featured an effects loop between the pick-ups and controls (so inline effects would "see" the same signal at all times) which was bypassable. Irwin also put a new face on the headstock with only his logo (he later claimed to have built the guitar himself, though pictures through time clearly show the progression of logos, from Alembic, to Alembic & Irwin, to only Irwin). In the "Grateful Dead Movie" Jerry is playing Wolf and this film provides excellent views of Wolf.
The above paragraph contains significant errors, in that Wolf was not delivered to Jerry until May 1973 and therefore could not have been used during a European tour in 1972. Additionally Doug states that Jerry paid Doug directly and that Doug's contracts were between Doug and Jerry. Wolf is clearly an Irwin Guitar and only in recent revisionist history is Wolf referenced as an Alembic.
Nearly seven years after he first requested it, Garcia received his third custom guitar from Irwin in 1979(The first Irwin was "Eagle", the second was "Wolf"). The first concert that Jerry played Tiger was August 4, 1979 at the Oakland Auditorium Arena. It was named Tiger from the inlay on the preamp cover. The body of Tiger was of rich quality: the top layer was cocobolo, with the preceding layers being maple stripe, vermilion, and flame maple, in that order. The neck was made of western maple with an ebony fingerboard. The pickups consisted of a single coil DiMarzio SDS-1 and two humbucker DiMarzio Super IIs which were easily removable due to Garcia's preference for replacing his pickups every year or two. The electronics were composed of an effects bypass loop, which allowed Garcia to control the sound of his effects through the tone and volume controls on the guitar, and a preamplifier/buffer which rested behind a plate in the back of the guitar. In terms of weight, everything included made Tiger tip the scales at 13½ pounds. This was Garcia's principal guitar for the next eleven years, and most played.
In 1990, Irwin completed Rosebud, Garcia's fourth custom guitar. It was similar to his previous guitar Tiger in many respects, but featured different inlays and electronics, tone and volume controls, and weight. Rosebud, unlike Tiger, was configured with three humbuckers; the neck and bridge pickups shared a tone control, while the middle had its own. Inside the guitar, a Roland GK-2 synthesizer was used in junction with GR-50 rack mount, producing the MIDI effects heard during live performances of this period. Sections of the guitar were hollowed out to bring the weight down to 11½ pounds. The inlay, a dancing skeleton holding a rose, covers a plate just below the bridge. The final cost of the instrument was $11,000.
In 1993, carpenter-turned-luthier Stephen Cripe tried his hand at making an instrument for Garcia. After researching Tiger through pictures and films, Cripe set out on what would soon become known as Lightning Bolt, again named for its inlay. The guitar used Brazilian rosewood for the fingerboard and East Indian rosewood for the body, which, with admitted irony from Cripe, was taken from a 19th century bed used by opium smokers. Built purely from guesswork, Lightning Bolt was a hit with Garcia, who began using the guitar exclusively. Soon after, Garcia requested that Cripe build a backup of the guitar. Cripe, who had not measured or photographed the original, was told simply to "wing it."
Cripe later delivered the backup, which was known by the name Top Hat. Garcia bought it from him for the price of $6,500, making it the first guitar that Cripe had ever sold. However, infatuated with Lightning Bolt, Garcia rarely used the backup.
After Garcia's death, the ownership of his Wolf and Tiger came into question. According to Garcia's will, his guitars were to go to Doug Irwin, who had constructed them. The remaining Grateful Dead members disagreed—they considered his guitars to be property of the band, leading to a lawsuit between the two parties. In 2001, Irwin won the case. Irwin, being a victim of a hit-and-run accident in 1998, was left nearly penniless. He placed Garcia's guitars up for auction in hopes of being able to start another guitar workshop.
On May 8, 2002, Wolf and Tiger, among other memorabilia, were placed for auction at Studio 54 in New York City. Tiger was purchased for $957,500, while Wolf was bought for $789,500. Together, the instruments were bought for 1.74 million dollars, setting a new world record. Wolf is in a private collection kept in a secure climate controlled room in a private residence at Utica, N.Y., and Tiger is in the private collection of Indianapolis Colts owner Jim Irsay.
Legacy
Garcia appeared in the 1977 movie ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind'' as an extra during the scenes in India in a crowd shot. During the following year, the Grateful Dead would occasionally improvise the theme from "Close Encounters" in concert.In 1987, ice cream manufacturer Ben & Jerry's came out with Cherry Garcia, which is named after the guitarist and consists of "cherry ice cream with cherries and fudge flakes".
Garcia was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Grateful Dead in 1994.
Famous guitar player and known Jerry fan Warren Haynes wrote the song "Patchwork Quilt" in memory of Jerry.
In the episode titled "Halloween: The Final Chapter" on the show ''Roseanne'', aired shortly after his death on October 31, 1995, a tribute to Jerry Garcia was made, and the character name of the baby was Jerry Garcia Conner.
In 2003, ''Rolling Stone Magazine'' ranked Jerry Garcia 13th in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.
In 2005, Rapper Proof from the group D12 released an album named after Garcia, ''Searching for Jerry Garcia''. The album was dedicated to the Grateful Dead and released ten years to the day of Garcia's death.
Ween recorded the song, "So Long Jerry" during the sessions for their 12 Golden Country Greats album, but it was left off the album, eventually appearing on the "Piss Up a Rope" single.
According to fellow Bay Area guitar player Henry Kaiser, Garcia is "the most recorded guitarist in history. With more than 2,200 Grateful Dead concerts, and 1,000 Jerry Garcia Band concerts captured on tape — as well as numerous studio sessions — there are about 15,000 hours of his guitar work preserved for the ages."
On July 30, 2004, Melvin Seals was the first Jerry Garcia Band member to headline an outdoor music and camping festival called the Grateful Garcia Gathering. The festival is a tribute to the Grateful Dead's guitarist Jerry Garcia. "Jerry Garcia Band" drummer David Kemper, joined Melvin Seals & JGB in 2007. To date, other musicians and friends of Jerry's have also included Donna Jean Godchaux, Mookie Siegel, Pete Sears, G.E. Smith, Barry Sless, and Jackie Greene to name a few musicians.
On July 21, 2005, the San Francisco Recreation and Park Commission passed a resolution to name the amphitheater in McLaren Park "The Jerry Garcia Amphitheater." The amphitheater is located in the Excelsior District, where Garcia grew up. The first show to happen at the Jerry Garcia Amphitheater was Jerry Day 2005 on August 7, 2005. Tiff Garcia was the first person to welcome everybody to the "Jerry Garcia Amphitheater." Jerry Day is an annual celebration of Jerry in his childhood neighborhood. The dedication ceremony (Jerry Day 2) on October 29, 2005 was officiated by mayor Gavin Newsom.
On September 24, 2005, the ''Comes a Time: A Celebration of the Music & Spirit of Jerry Garcia'' tribute concert was held at the Hearst Greek Theatre in Berkeley, California. The concert featured Bob Weir, Bill Kreutzmann, Mickey Hart, Bruce Hornsby, Trey Anastasio, Warren Haynes, Jimmy Herring, Michael Kang, Jay Lane, Jeff Chimenti, Mark Karan, Robin Sylvester, Kenny Brooks, Melvin Seals, Merl Saunders, Marty Holland, Stu Allen, Gloria Jones, and Jackie LaBranch.
Also in 2008, Georgia-based composer Lee Johnson released an orchestral tribute to the music of the Grateful Dead, recorded with the Russian National Orchestra, entitled "Dead Symphony: Lee Johnson Symphony No. 6." Johnson was interviewed on NPR on the July 26, 2008 broadcast of "Weekend Edition", and gave much credit to the genius and craft of Garcia's songwriter. A live performance with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Johnson himself, was held Friday, August 1.
Seattle rock band Soundgarden wrote and recorded the instrumental song "Jerry Garcia's Finger", dedicated to the singer, which was released as a b-side with their single "Pretty Noose".
Numerous music festivals across the United States and Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK hold annual events in memory of Jerry Garcia.
Discography
Jerry Garcia
Notes and references
External links
Category:Article Feedback Pilot Category:Culture of San Francisco, California Category:American banjoists Category:American rock guitarists Category:American bluegrass musicians Category:American musicians of Swedish descent Category:American musicians of Irish descent Category:American musicians of Spanish descent Category:Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:American amputees Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:Deaths from diabetes Category:Grateful Dead members Category:Hispanic and Latino American people Category:History of San Francisco, California Category:Lead guitarists Category:Pedal steel guitarists Category:People from San Francisco, California Category:San Francisco Art Institute alumni Category:People from Sonoma County, California Category:United States Army soldiers Category:American Episcopalians Category:1942 births Category:1995 deaths Category:Sebastopol, California Category:People from Menlo Park, California
cs:Jerry Garcia da:Jerry Garcia de:Jerry García es:Jerry Garcia fa:جری گارسیا fr:Jerry García io:Jerry Garcia it:Jerry Garcia he:ג'רי גרסיה la:Hieronymus Garcia nl:Jerry Garcia no:Jerry García nn:Jerry Garcia pl:Jerry Garcia pt:Jerry Garcia ru:Гарсия, Джерри fi:Jerry García sv:Jerry García tr:Jerry Garcia uk:Джеррі ГарсіяThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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