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Pioneers Crossing the Plains of Nebraska

1912 Pioneer Day re-enactment of a wagon train in Utah.

A wagon train is a group of wagons traveling together. In the American West, individuals traveling across the plains in covered wagons banded together for mutual assistance, as is reflected in numerous films and television programs about the region, such as Audie Murphy's Tumbleweed and Ward Bond and John McIntire's Wagon Train series on NBC and later ABC. Although most trains elected a captain and created bylaws, in reality the captain had little authority. His role was largely confined to getting everyone moving in the morning and selecting when and where to camp at night.

Overland emigrants discovered that smaller groups of twenty to forty wagons were more manageable than larger ones. Membership in wagon trains was generally fluid and wagons frequently joined or left trains depending on the needs and wishes of their owners. An accident or illness, for instance, might force someone to fall behind and wait for the next train, or an emigrant might "whip up" to overtake a forward train after a quarrel.

Although "train" suggests a line of wagons, when the terrain permitted the wagons would often fan out and travel abreast to minimize the amount of dust each wagon encountered.

At night, wagon trains were often formed into a circle (a "laager") for shelter from wind or weather and corral the emigrants' animals in the center to prevent them from running away or being stolen by Native Americans. While Native Americans might attempt to raid horses under cover of darkness, they rarely attacked a train; wagons were seldom circled defensively, contrary to popular belief.

Although wagon trains are associated with the Old West, the Trekboers of South Africa also traveled in caravans of covered wagons. Today, covered wagon trains are used to give an authentic experience for those desiring to explore the West as it was in the days of the pioneers and other groups traveling before modern vehicles were invented.

Indian teams hauling 60 miles to market the 1100 bushels of wheat raised by the school at Seger Colony^[1], Oklahoma Territory, circa 1900.

See also[link]

• Cavalcade
• Conestoga wagon
• Convoy
• Covered wagon
• Emigrant trail

References[link]

• Stewart, George R. The California Trail: An Epic With Many Heroes. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.
• Unruh, John D., Jr. The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.
• Van der Loeff, A. Rutgers. Children on the Oregon Trail

External links[link]

Media related to Wagon trains at Wikimedia Commons

• Wagon Train at spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk

Sir Robert Horton, FRSA (18 August 1939 – 30 December 2011) was a British businessman. He was a Director of the European Advisory Council and of Emerson Electric Company.^[1] He spent 30 years working for BP, formerly British Petroleum. He became Chief Executive and Chairman of the Board of BP in March 1990, but was forced out in 1992.^[2]

Life[link]

Sir Robert was the son of William Harold Horton and Dorothy Joan Horton née Baynes. He was educated at King's School, Canterbury, University College, Dundee, then part of the University of St Andrews, but now the University of Dundee, and graduated the MIT Sloan School of Management as a Sloan Fellows in 1971.^[1]

He was Chairman of the Tate Gallery Foundation 1988-92 and Business in the Arts 1988-96. He was a Fellow of The Royal Society of Arts. He was Chancellor of the University of Kent from 1990–1995 and a portrait of him hangs in the Senate Building there. He was also a Governor of King's School, Canterbury 1984-2005.^[1][3]

Career[link]

Sir Robert joined BP in 1957, and from 1960 on held a series of positions in oil supply, marketing, finance, and planning. In 1980 he became Chief Executive officer of BP Chemicals International and held that position until December 1983 when he was elected to the BP Board as a Managing Director, with responsibility for finance, planning, and the Western Hemisphere.^[4] On his election as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Standard Oil in April 1986, Horton resigned from BP. But following the merger of BP and Standard Oil in July 1987, he was appointed Chief Executive Officer of BP America, Inc. As Chairman of British Petroleum in 1990, Sir Robert Horton aimed to reorganise the company in such a way as to attract and advance outstanding personnel.^[5]

He was Chairman of Railtrack from 1993–1999 and led the organisation through the early years of its existence including an industrial dispute from June to September 1994.^[6] He was non-executive Chairman of Betfair from 2004 to 2006.^[7]

References[link]

Ward Bond
in A Guy Named Joe (1943)
Born	Wardell Edwin Bond (1903-04-09)April 9, 1903 Benkelman, Nebraska
Died	November 5, 1960(1960-11-05) (aged 57) Dallas, Texas
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1929-1960
Spouse	Mary Louise May (m.1954-1960; his death) Doris Sellers Childs (m.1936-1944; divorced)

Wardell Edwin "Ward" Bond (April 9, 1903 – November 5, 1960)^[1] was an American film actor whose rugged appearance and easygoing charm were featured in over 200 movies and the television series Wagon Train.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Bond was born in Benkelman, Nebraska, a small town located in the southwestern corner of Nebraska just a few miles from the Kansas and Colorado borders. The Bond family, consisting of father John W., mother Mabel L., and sister Bernice, lived in Benkelman until 1919 when they moved to Denver. Ward Bond graduated from East High School in Denver.

Bond attended the University of Southern California and played football on the same team as future USC coach Jess Hill.^[2] At 6'2" and 195 pounds, Bond was a starting lineman on USC's first national championship team in 1928.

Bond and John Wayne, who as Marion Morrison had played tackle for USC in 1926 before an injury ended his career,^[3] became lifelong friends and colleagues. Bond, Wayne and the entire Southern Cal team were hired to appear in Salute (1929), a football film starring George O'Brien and directed by John Ford. It was during the filming of this movie that Bond and Wayne became friendly with Ford, and both actors would appear in many of Ford's later films.

Hollywood[link]

With John Wayne in Tall in the Saddle (1944)

Bond made his screen debut in Salute, and thereafter played over 200 supporting roles, rarely playing the lead in a theatrical release but starring in the television series Wagon Train from 1957 until his death in 1960. He was frequently typecast as a friendly policeman or as a brutal thug. He had a long-time working relationship with directors John Ford and Frank Capra, performing in such films as The Searchers, Drums Along the Mohawk, The Quiet Man, and Fort Apache for Ford, with whom he made 25 films, and It Happened One Night and It's a Wonderful Life for Capra. Among his other well-known films were Bringing Up Baby (1938), Gone with the Wind (1939), The Maltese Falcon (1941), Sergeant York (1941), They Were Expendable (1945), Joan of Arc (1948), in which he was atypically cast as Captain La Hire, Rio Bravo (1959), and Raoul Walsh's 1930 widescreen wagon train epic The Big Trail, which also featured John Wayne's first leading role. Bond later starred in the popular NBC western television series Wagon Train from 1957 until his death. Wagon Train was inspired by the 1950 film Wagon Master, in which Bond also appeared, and was influenced by The Big Trail. For Wagon Train Bond specifically requested Terry Wilson for the role of assistant trailmaster Bill Hawks and Frank McGrath as the cook Charlie Wooster. Wilson and McGrath stayed with the series for the entire run.

An epileptic, he was rejected by the draft during World War II.

As Reverend Captain Clayton in The Searchers (1956)

During the 1940s, Bond was a member of the conservative group called the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, whose major rationale was opposition to communists in the film industry. In 1960, Bond campaigned for the Republican presidential nominee Richard M. Nixon. Bond died three days before Democrat John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon.

The wide-shouldered 6'2" Bond appears in more of the films on both the original and the tenth anniversary edition of the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies lists than any other actor, albeit always as a supporting player: It Happened One Night (1934), Bringing Up Baby (1938), Gone with the Wind (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), The Maltese Falcon (1941), It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and The Searchers (1956).

Bond has also been in 11 films that were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, which may be more than any other actor:^[4] Arrowsmith (1931/32), Lady for a Day (1933), It Happened One Night (1934), You Can't Take It with You (1938), Gone with the Wind (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), The Maltese Falcon (1941), Sergeant York (1941), It's a Wonderful Life (1946), The Quiet Man (1952) and Mister Roberts (1955).

With John Wayne in The Searchers (1956)

Bond made 16 movies with John Wayne; Rio Bravo (1959). The Wings of Eagles (1957), The Searchers (1956), Rookie of the Year (TV drama 1955). Hondo (1953), The Quiet Man (1952), Operation Pacific (1951), Fort Apache (1948), 3 Godfathers (1948), They Were Expendable (1945), Dakota (1945), Tall in the Saddle (1944), The Shepherd of the Hills (1941), The Long Voyage Home (1940), Conflict (1936), and The Big Trail (1930).

A legend has developed that country singer Johnny Horton died in an automobile accident while driving to see Bond at a hotel in Dallas to discuss a possible role in the fourth season of Wagon Train. Although Horton was indeed killed in a car crash at 1:30 a.m. on November 5, 1960, and Bond died from a massive heart attack at noon that same day, the two events were unrelated. Horton was on his way from Austin to Shreveport, Louisiana, not Dallas. Bond was in Dallas to attend a football game.^[5][6]

Bond was 57 at the time of his death; John Wayne gave the eulogy at his funeral. Bond's will bequeathed to Wayne the shotgun with which Wayne had once accidentally shot Bond.^[7]

For his contribution to the television industry, Bond has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6933 Hollywood Blvd. In 2001, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City. There is also a Ward Bond Memorial Park in his birthplace of Benkelman, Nebraska.

Partial filmography[link]

See also[link]

Biography portal

• List of actors who have appeared in multiple Best Picture Academy Award winners

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ward Bond

• Ward Bond at the Internet Movie Database
• Ward Bond at AllRovi
• Literature on Ward Bond

O'Connell at the 2008 Petit Le Mans.

Johnny O'Connell (born July 24, 1962 in Poughkeepsie, New York), is a GM factory racecar driver from United States. He is currently acting as a commentator for ESPN broadcasts of American Le Mans Series races and racing for Cadillac in the Pirelli World Challenge Series.

O'Connell started racing in the Formula Atlantic series in 1987, winning the Championship and Rookie of the Year. He also spent 1996 in the Indy Racing League, racing in the Indianapolis 500 and finishing in the top 10 in half of his 4 starts. He has seven class wins in the 12 Hours of Sebring, more than any other driver, and an overall title in 1994 when racing for Nissan. Driving for Corvette Racing, he has also won a number of class victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 24 Hours of Daytona. With his teammate Ron Fellows he won the 2003 GTS class driver's championship.

O'Connell was also featured in Chevy's 2007, Super Bowl ad, "Ain't We Got Love" also featuring Mary Blige, rapper T.I., Big & Rich, and Dale Earnhardt, Jr.

24 Hours of Le Mans results[link]

Year	Class	No	Tyres	Car	Team	Co-Drivers	Laps	Pos.	Class Pos.
1994	IMSA GTS	75	Y	Nissan 300ZX Turbo Nissan VRH35 3.5L Turbo V6	Clayton Cunningham Racing	Steve Millen John Morton	317	5th	1st
1998	GT1	44	M	Panoz Esperante GTR-1 Ford (Roush) 6.0L V8	Panoz Motorsports Inc. DAMS	Éric Bernard Christophe Tinseau	236	DNF	DNF
1999	LMP	11	M	Panoz LMP-1 Roadster-S Ford (Élan) 6.0L V8	Panoz Motorsports	Jan Magnussen Max Angelelli	323	11th	9th
2000	LMP900	12	M	Panoz LMP-1 Roadster-S Elan 6L8 6.0L V8	Panoz Motorsports	Hiroki Katoh Pierre-Henri Raphanel	342	5th	5th
2001	GTS	63	G	Chevrolet Corvette C5-R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Ron Fellows Scott Pruett	278	8th	1st
2002	GTS	63	G	Chevrolet Corvette C5-R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Ron Fellows Oliver Gavin	335	11th	1st
2003	GTS	53	G	Chevrolet Corvette C5-R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Ron Fellows Franck Fréon	326	12th	3rd
2004	GTS	63	M	Chevrolet Corvette C5-R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Ron Fellows Max Papis	334	8th	2nd
2005	GT1	63	M	Chevrolet Corvette C6.R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Ron Fellows Max Papis	347	6th	2nd
2006	GT1	63	M	Chevrolet Corvette C6.R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Ron Fellows Max Papis	327	12th	7th
2007	GT1	63	M	Chevrolet Corvette C6.R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Jan Magnussen Ron Fellows	342	6th	2nd
2008	GT1	63	M	Chevrolet Corvette C6.R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Jan Magnussen Ron Fellows	344	14th	2nd
2009	GT1	63	M	Chevrolet Corvette C6.R Chevrolet LS7.R 7.0L V8	Corvette Racing	Jan Magnussen Antonio García	342	15th	1st
2010	GT2	63	M	Chevrolet Corvette C6.R Chevrolet 5.5L V8	Corvette Racing	Jan Magnussen Antonio García	225	DNF	DNF

External links[link]

• Official website

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2010)

Anne Jeffreys
Jeffreys in April 2010
Born	Anne Carmichael (1923-01-26) January 26, 1923 (age 89) Goldsboro, North Carolina, United States
Other names	Anne Jeffries, Ann Jeffries
Occupation	Actress, singer
Years active	1942-present
Spouse	Joseph R. Serena (1945-1949, annulled) Robert Sterling (1951-2006, his death)
Website
http://www.annejeffreys.com/

Anne Jeffreys (born on January 26, 1923) is an American actress and singer.

Career[link]

Born Anne Carmichael in Goldsboro, North Carolina, Jeffreys entered the entertainment field at a young age; her initial training was in voice (she was an accomplished soprano), but she decided as a teenager to sign with the John Robert Powers agency as a junior model.

Her plans for an operatic career were sidelined when she was cast in a staged musical review, Fun for the Money. Her appearance in that revue led to her being cast in her first movie role, in I Married an Angel (1942), starring Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald. She was under contract to both RKO and Republic Studios during the 1940s, including several appearances as Tess Trueheart in the Dick Tracy series, and the 1944 Frank Sinatra musical Step Lively. She also appeared in the horror comedy Zombies on Broadway with Wally Brown and Alan Carney in 1945.

When her career faltered, she instead focused on her stage career, playing lead roles on Broadway in productions such as the 1947 opera Street Scene, the 1948 Cole Porter musical Kiss Me, Kate (having replaced Patricia Morison) and the 1952 musical Three Wishes for Jamie. With long-term husband Robert Sterling, who was first married to Ann Sothern, she appeared in the CBS sitcom Topper (1953–1955), in which she was billed in a voiceover as "the ghostess with the mostest".

On December 18, 1957, Jeffreys and her husband played a couple with an unusual courtship arrangement brought about by an attack of the fever in the episode "The Julie Gage Story", broadcast in the first season of NBC's Wagon Train.^[1]

After a semi-retirement in the 1960s, she appeared on television, appearing in episodes of such series as L.A. Law and Murder, She Wrote. She was nominated for a Golden Globe for her work in The Delphi Bureau (1972). From 1984 to 1985, she starred in the short-lived Aaron Spelling series Finder of Lost Loves. She also appeared in Baywatch as David Hasselhoff's mother, and also had a recurring role in the night-time soap Falcon Crest as Amanda Croft.

In 1979, she guest-starred as Siress Blassie in the Battlestar Galactica episode "The Man With Nine Lives" as a love interest of Chameleon, a part played by Fred Astaire. She was the last person to dance with him onscreen. She also guess-starred as Prime Minister Dyne in the Buck Rogers in the 25th Century episode "Planet of the Amazon Women" as the leader of the titular planet.

Her most recent career has been in daytime television; since 1984, she has appeared on the soap opera General Hospital (as well as its short-lived spinoff, Port Charles) as wealthy socialite Amanda Barrington.

Jeffreys' star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is at 1501 Vine Street.

Personal life[link]

Jeffreys has been married twice. Her first marriage, to Joseph Serena, was annulled in 1949.

She married actor Robert Sterling in 1951. Sterling appeared with Jeffreys in the series Topper. In January 1958, the duo tried another series, Love That Jill. It ran only a few months, with 13 episodes shot. They had three sons: Jeffrey, Dana and Tyler. Robert Sterling died on May 30, 2006 at age 88.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anne Jeffreys

• Anne Jeffreys at the Internet Movie Database
• Anne Jeffreys at the Internet Broadway Database
• Anne Jeffreys at AllRovi
• Anne Jeffreys at Yahoo! Movies
• Anne Jeffreys profiled in book