| os_grid_reference = NO402306 | map_type = Scotland | latitude = 56.464167 | longitude = -02.970278 | language= English, Scots | post_town = DUNDEE | postcode_district = DD1-DD5 | postcode_area = DD | dial_code = 01382 | constituency_westminster = Dundee East | constituency_westminster1 = Dundee West | edinburgh_distance = SSW | london_distance = SSE | gaelic_name = Dùn Dè | scots_name = Dundee | unitary_scotland = Dundee City | lieutenancy_scotland = Dundee | constituency_scottish_parliament = Dundee City East | constituency_scottish_parliament1 = Dundee City West | constituency_scottish_parliament2 = Angus South | constituency_scottish_parliament3 = North East Scotland | static_image = | static_image_caption = Top: Tay Rail Bridge, Middle: RRS Discovery and City Centre, Bottom left: Magdalen Yard Bandstand, Bottom right: University of Dundee. | website= www.dundeecity.gov.uk}}

Dundee (; from the ) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and the 39th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea. Under the name of ''Dundee City'', it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland.

The town developed into a burgh in Medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the jute industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".

In mid-2008, the population of the City of Dundee was estimated to be 152,320. Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the time of the 1971 census, but has since declined due to emigration.

Today, Dundee is promoted as 'One City, Many Discoveries', in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS ''Discovery'', Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the University of Dundee and the University of Abertay Dundee. A £300 million master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre which started in 2001 is expected to be completed within a 30 year period.

History

The name ''"Dundee"'' is made up of two parts: the common Celtic place-name element ''dun'', meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic ''dè'', meaning 'fire'.

While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant, the source of Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of William the Lion's charter, granting the earldom of Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon) in the late 12th century. The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre, led to a period of prosperity and growth. The earldom was passed down to David's descendants amongst whom was John Balliol, the town becoming a Royal Burgh on the coronation of John as king in 1292. The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the First War of Independence and recaptured by Robert the Bruce in early 1312. The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.

The burgh suffered considerably during the War of the Rough Wooing of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of Andrew Dudley from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground. In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose. The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces, led by George Monck in 1651. The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Jacobite cause when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on the Dundee Law in 1689.

The economy of mediaeval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century. The introduction of two government acts in the mid eighteenth century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success. The textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-story mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on Osnaburg linen produced for export. Expansion of the whaling industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skillbase. Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.

The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for the production of cheaper, tough fabrics. The discovery that the dry fibers of jute could be lubricated with whale oil (of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax. Interruption of Prussian flax imports during the Crimean War and of cotton during the American Civil War resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century. Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, lead to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers.

The rise of the textiles industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries, and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand on port capacity. At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic research vessel, the ''RRS Discovery''. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city. A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with whale oil. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.

While the city's economy was dominated by the Jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were James Keiller's and sons, established in 1795, which pioneered commercial marmalade production, and the publishing firm DC Thomson & Co., which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries. Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.

The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the Tay Bridge disaster. The first Tay rail bridge was opened in 1879. It collapsed less than a year later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.

The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in Calcutta. This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period, but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like Timex and NCR, and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.

A £300 million master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30 year period between 2001 and 2031. The aims of the project will be to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; replacing the existing inner ring road with a pair of east/west tree lined boulevards; a new civic square and a re-opened dock stretching from the Caird Hall and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge.

Governance

Dundee was granted Royal Burgh status on the coronation of John Balliol as King of Scotland in 1292. The city has two mottos— () and ''Prudentia et Candore'' (With Thought and Purity) although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.

Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of Longforgan (which included Invergowrie) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following implementation of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. This placed Monifieth and Invergowrie in the unitary authorities of Angus and Perth and Kinross, largely reinstating the pre-1975 county boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.

Local government

Dundee is one of 32 council areas of Scotland, represented by the Dundee City Council, a local authority composed of 29 elected councillors. Previously the city was a county of a city and later a district of the Tayside region. Council meetings take place in the City Chambers, which opened in 1933 in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the Lord Provost, a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. Dundee House, the new headquarters for the city council on North Lindsay Street, opened in August 2011. This has replaced Tayside House which is due to be demolished in early 2012 as part of the Dundee Waterfront improvements.

The council was controlled by a minority coalition of Labour and Liberal Democrats of 12 councillors, with the support of the Conservatives who had five. Although the Scottish National Party (SNP) was the largest party on the council, with 11 councillors. Elections to the council are on a four year cycle, the most recent as of 2007 being on 3 May 2007. Previously, Councillors were elected from single-member wards by the first past the post system of election, although this changed in the 2007 election, due to the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004. Eight new multi-member wards were introduced, each electing three or four councillors by single transferable vote, to produce a form of proportional representation.

The 2007 election resulted in no single party having overall control, with 13 Scottish National Party, 10 Labour, 3 Conservatives, 2 Liberal Democrats, and 1 Independent Councillors. A March 2009 by election in the Maryfield ward changed the balance to 14 Scottish National Party, 9 Labour, 3 Conservatives, 2 Liberal Democrats, and 2 Independent Councillors.

Westminster and Holyrood

For elections to the British House of Commons at Westminster, the city area and portions of the Angus council area are divided in two constituencies. The constituencies of Dundee East and Dundee West are as of 2010 represented by Stewart Hosie (Scottish National Party) and James McGovern (Labour), respectively. For elections to the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, the city area is divided between three constituencies. The Dundee East (Holyrood) constituency and the Dundee West (Holyrood) constituency are entirely within the city area. The Angus South (Holyrood) constituency includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area. All three constituencies are within the North East Scotland electoral region: Shona Robison (SNP) is the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency; Joe Fitzpatrick (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency and Graeme Dey (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.

Dundee is also part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency which elects seven Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation. Scotland returns two Labour MEPs, two SNP MEPs, one Conservative and Unionist MEP and one Liberal Democrat MEP, to the European Parliament.

Geography

Dundee occupies an estuarine position on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the eastern, North Sea Coast of Scotland. The city lies NNE of Edinburgh and NNW of London. The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape long by wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of 60 km². The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the Dundee Law (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between Baxter Park and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water burn, the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the Sidlaw Hills, the most prominent hill being Craigowl Hill (455 m).

The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two burns that are tributaries of the River Tay. On the western-most boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the Invergowrie burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin. The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of Strathmartine and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between Barnhill and Monifieth. The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been culverted over.

Geology

The city lies within the Sidlaw-Ochil anticline, and the predominant bedrock type is Old Red Sandstone of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group. Differential weathering of a series of igneous intrusions has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the Dundee Law (a late Silurian/early Devonian Mafic rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a Felsic rock intrusion of similar age). To the east of the city, in Craigie and Broughty Ferry, the bedrock geology is of extrusive rocks, including mafic lava and tuff.

The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the West and east of the city bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a brown forest soil type with some gleying, the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.

Location

Urban environment

Very little of pre-Reformation Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the War of the Rough Wooing being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining. The area occupied by the mediaeval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation. Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn (Lochee), Scouring Burn (Blackness) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills. The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.

Working class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas. Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in unsanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population. While gradual improvements and slum clearance began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking Logie housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect James Thomson, whose legacy also includes the housing estate of Craigiebank and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.

Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The mediaeval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre. The Tay Road Bridge, completed in 1966 had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river. An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s. These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing in throughout the 1960s. Much of this, in particular the high rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, have been demolished since the 1990s or are scheduled for future demolition.

Climate

The climate, as is the case with the rest of North-West Europe is Oceanic (Köppen-Geiger classification Cfb). Mean temperature and rainfall is typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with its sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maximums are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in Spring and Summer. The nearest official met office weather station is Mylnefield, Invergowrie sited about west of the City centre.

The absolute maximum of was recorded in August 1995. The warmest month was July 2006, with an average temperature of (mean maximum , mean minimum ). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach , and in total just 1.63 days should equal or exceed a temperature of per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.

Demography

According to the 2001 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 154,674. A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 152,320 in 2008. The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%). The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.

The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Republic of Ireland, 1.33% from other European Union countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75 years old.

Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their accent, which most noticeably substitutes the monophthong /e/ in place of the diphthong /ai/. Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.

The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, and Poland, seeking refuge from the anti-Jewish pogroms in the 19th century, and later, World War II in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ethnic minority population, and has the third highest Asian population (~3,500) in Scotland after Glasgow and Edinburgh.

The city's universities draw a large number of students from abroad (mostly Irish and EU but with an increasing number from countries in the Far East), and students account for 14.2% of the population, the highest proportion of the four largest Scottish cities.

Economy

The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. NCR Corporation selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945, primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the 10th anniversary of the plant (known locally amongst Dundonians as "The Cash"), the 250,000th cash machine was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing cash registers, and later ATMs, at several of its Dundee plants. The firm, developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers. Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold refrigerators and spin dryers was merged into Morphy Richards and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a Michelin tyre-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the Board of Trade on 30 April 1969.

Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an Enterprise Zone in January 1984. In 1983, the first Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computers were produced in Dundee by Timex. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a sit-in by workers protesting job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six month industrial dispute.

Modern day

Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with over 300,000 persons within 30 minutes drive of the city centre and around 630,000 people within one hour. Many people from North East Fife, Angus and Perth and Kinross commute to the city. In 2009, there were 30 employers who employed 300 or more staff. The largest employers in the city are NHS Tayside, Dundee City Council, University of Dundee, Tesco, D. C. Thomson & Co and BT. Other employers include limited and private companies such as NCR Corporation, Michelin, SiTel, Alliance Trust, Norwich Union, Royal Bank of Scotland, Asda, Strathtay Scottish, Tayside Contracts, Tokheim, Scottish Citylink, W H Brown Construction, C J Lang & Son, Joinery and Timber Creations, HBOS, Debenhams, Travel Dundee, WL Gore and Associates. The only sectors to see job increases between 2005 and 2009 were in education and human health and social work activities, while manufacturing and administration and support service activities both saw a significant decline. Average weekly earnings of full-time employers in Dundee in May 2010 was £482.80; men received £507.40 and women £418.80. Average earnings in Dundee have increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £482.80 in 2010.

The biomedical and biotechnology sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology and software for computer games have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years. Rockstar North, developer of ''Lemmings'' and the ''Grand Theft Auto'' series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by David Jones; an undergraduate of the University of Abertay Dundee. Other game developing companies in Dundee include Denki, Ruffian Games, Dynamo Games, 4J Studios, Cohort Studios amongst others.

Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked 4th in Retail Rankings in Scotland. The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as Marks and Spencer, Monsoon, Accessorize and Zara. The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the Overgate Centre which is anchored by Debenhams, H&M;, Next and Primark and the Wellgate Centre by BHS, T.J. Hughes and Peacocks.

Landmarks

Gardyne's Land at 70–73 High Street is a complex of five buildings: a L-plan three-storey merchant's house from around 1560; lodgings from around 1640; a tenement from around 1790; billiard hall from around 1820 and a Victorian retail unit from around 1845. The merchant's house is the only domestic building surviving from the time, when Dundee was Scotland's second largest city. All of the buildings are Category A listed buildings. The buildings came to the attention of the Tayside Building Preservation Trust in 1995, a limited company with charitable status which exists to restore and reuse buildings of architectural or historic interest at risk in Tayside. Between 1997 and 2000, the buildings were acquired by the trust and funds were raised for the project. A first phase of wind and waterproof works commenced in 2000. Between 2000 and 2003, a professional team were appointed and plans were first drawn up and approved for conversion into hostel use. The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3 kilometres west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh Airport, to the south.

The nearest passenger seaport is Rosyth, about to the south on the Firth of Forth.

Education

Schools

Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20,300. There are 37 primary state schools and nine secondary state schools in the city. Of these, 11 primary and two secondary schools serve the city's Catholic population; the remainder are non-denominational. There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area.

Dundee is home to one independent school, the High School of Dundee, which was founded in the 13th century by the Abbot and monks of Lindores Abbey. The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832-34. Early students included Thomas Thomson and Hector Boece, as well as the brothers James, John and Robert Wedderburn who were the authors of ''The Gude and Godlie Ballatis'', used early in the Scottish Reformation as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology. It was the earliest reformed school in Scotland, having adopted the new religion in 1554. According to Blind Harry's largely apocryphal work, William Wallace, was also educated in Dundee.

Colleges and universities

Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 17,000.

The University of Dundee became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the University of St Andrews during which time it was known initially as University College and latterly as Queen's College. Significant research in biomedical fields and oncology is carried out in the "College of Life Sciences". The university also incorporates the Duncan of Jordanstone School of Art and Design and the teacher training college.

The University of Abertay Dundee was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. It was granted university status in 1994 under the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in computer games technology.

Dundee College is the city's umbrella further education college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training.

The Al-Maktoum Institute was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2001. It is a research-led institution of higher education which offers postgraduate programmes of study (taught Masters and MPhil/PhD research) in the study of Islam and multiculturalism. It is an independent institution, with its degree programmes validated by the University of Aberdeen. It is named after its patron, Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum.

Religious sites

Christian groups

The Church of Scotland Presbytery of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, 21 of which are in the city itself, with a further five in Broughty Ferry and Barnhill, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges. Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's) and the Steeple Church, are the most prominent Church of Scotland buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of St Mary, of which only the 15th century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland. Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to St Clement, has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.

In the Middle Ages Dundee was also the site of houses of the Dominicans (Blackfriars), and Franciscans (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the Scottish Reformation, in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street and Howff burial ground respectively.

St. Paul's Cathedral is the seat of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Brechin. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 8 congregations in the city (9, including Broughty Ferry), as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. The diocese was led by Bishop John Mantle until October 2010 when Bishop Mantle retired. The Diocese will be electing a new bishop in the Spring of 2011. St. Andrew's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld, led by Bishop Vincent Paul Logan. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area.

There are Methodist, Baptist, Congregationalist, Pentacostalist and Salvation Army churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the Unitarians, the Society of Friends, the Jehovah's Witnesses, Christadelphians, and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Non-Christian groups

Muslims are served by the Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque in Brown Street built in 2000 to replace their former premises in Hilltown. There are also smaller mosques at Victoria Road and Dura Street.

A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century. There is a small Orthodox synagogue at Dudhope Park that was built in the 1960s, with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (5 km) to the east. Samye Dzong Dundee is a Buddhist Temple based in Reform Street. There is also a Hindu mandir and Sikh gurdwara that share a premises in Taylor's Lane situated in the West End of the city, and there is a second gurdwara in Victoria Road.

Culture

Dundee is home to Scotland's only full-time repertory ensemble, established in the 1930s. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor Brian Cox is a native of the city. The Dundee Repertory Theatre, built in 1982 is the base for Scottish Dance Theatre.

Dundee's principal concert auditorium, the Caird Hall (named after its benefactor, the jute baron James Key Caird) regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual Jazz, Guitar and Blues Festivals. The Dundee Contemporary Arts, which opened in 1999 in the city's cultural quarter, is home to both an art gallery and art house cinema.

The city's main museum and art gallery, McManus Galleries is in Albert Square. The exhibits include a collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. Britain's only full-time public observatory, Mills Observatory is at the summit of the city's Balgay Hill. Sensation Science Centre, is a science centre with over 80 exhibits based on the five senses. Verdant Works is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill. A new £47 million pound centre for art and design known as the "V&A; at Dundee" is to be built south of Craig Harbour onto the River Tay for completion in 2014. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs for the area.

Dundee is home to DC Thomson & Son Ltd established in 1905, which produces over 200 million magazines, newspapers and comics every year, which include The Beano, The Dandy and the The Press and Journal. Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include A. L. Kennedy, Rosamunde Pilcher, Kate Atkinson, Thomas Dick, Mary Shelley, Mick McCluskey, John Burnside and Neil Forsyth. The Dundee International Book Prize is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. William McGonagall, regularly cited as the "world's worst poet", worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work ''The Tay Bridge Disaster''. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.

Cinema

The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition. DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF) among other important international Mountain film festivals. The animator, Jimmy MacDonald, the voice of Mickey Mouse from 1946 until the early 1980s, was born in the city in 1906.

Music

Popular music groups such as the 1970s soul-funk outfit Average White Band, the Associates, the band Spare Snare, Danny Wilson and the Indie rock bands The View and The Law are from Dundee.Ricky Ross of Deacon Blue and singer-songwriter KT Tunstall are former pupils of the High School of Dundee, although Tunstall is not a native of the city. The Northern Irish indie rock band Snow Patrol was formed by students at the University of Dundee, Brian Molko, lead singer of Placebo, grew up in the city. At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual blues festival known as the ''Dundee Blues Bonanza''.

Television and radio

Dundee is home to one of 11 BBC Scotland broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre. STV North's Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an ''STV News Tayside'' opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, ''STV News at Six''. The city also has a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.

The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980. The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching Tay FM for a younger audience and Tay AM playing classic hits. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed Wave 102.

The University of Dundee has also launched its student radio (internet based) which can be streamed online at www.discoverradio.org. Housed in the Dundee University Students Association building, the station has been broadcasting since September 2010 and includes live shows, music and chat about the city and university life.

Sports and Recreation

Dundee has two professional football teams; Dundee and Dundee United who play at Dens Park and Tannadice Park, respectively. Their stadiums are closer together than any senior football club pair in the UK. Dundee is one of only three British cities to have produced two European Cup semi-finalists. Dundee lost to A.C. Milan in 1963 and Dundee United lost to A.S. Roma in 1984. Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in 1968 and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in 1987. There are also seven junior football teams in the area: Dundee North End, East Craigie, Lochee Harp, Lochee United, Dundee Violet, Broughty Athletic JFC and Downfield.

The city is also home to five rugby union teams – Dundee High School Former Pupils rugby club who play in the RBS Premiership Division One; Morgan Academy Former Pupils in the RBS Premiership Division Three; Harris Academy Former Pupils in the RBS Caledonian Division Two Midlands and Panmure R.F.C. and Stobswell R.F.C. both in the RBS Caledonian Division Three Midlands.

Dundee Stars, the main ice hockey team, play at the Dundee Ice Arena. The team joined the Elite League in the 2010/2011 season. Other sports clubs operating in the city include Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Northern Lights floorball club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics and Dundee Radio Controlled Car Club.

A new £24 million Olympia leisure centre with multi-storey car park which will replace the exiting facility is scheduled to start in January 2012 for a completion date in September 2012.

Public services

Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by Scottish Water. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and Backwater reservoirs in Glen Isla. Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc, part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group.

Waste management is handled by Dundee City Council. There is a kerbside recycling scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis. Compostable material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks. Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.

Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee. Items accepted include, steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. According to recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.

Law enforcement is provided by Tayside Police. The headquarters of Tayside Police are in West Bell Street. There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.

Healthcare is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside. Ninewells Hospital, is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Primary Health Care in Dundee is supplied by a number of General Practices. Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the Scottish Ambulance Service which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife. There are two ambulance stations for the city; one on West School Road and the other at Ninewells Hospital.

Twin cities

Dundee maintains cultural, economic and educational ties with six twin cities:

Orléans, France (1946)

Zadar, Croatia (1959)

Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany (1962)

Alexandria, Virginia, United States (1974)

Nablus, Palestinian territories (1980)

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

In addition, the Scottish Episcopalian Diocese of Brechin (centred on St Paul's Cathedral in Dundee) is twinned with the diocese of Iowa, United States and the diocese of Swaziland.

See also

Brittle Bone Society, a UK charity established in 1968 in Dundee

Alexander C. Lamb and references to the Lamb Collection which is held in the City Museum and the Local History Centre of Dundee Central Library.

Notes

References

News

| url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2005/02/28/story6861222t0.shtm | title = Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic | work = Evening Telegraph | date = 28 February 2005 | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | last = Didcock | first = Barry | coauthors = | title = Almost Famous | work = | pages = | language = | publisher = Sunday Herald | date = 1 May 2005 | url = http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 | accessdate =6 September 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060427090846/http://www.sundayherald.com/49411 |archivedate = 27 April 2006}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8160624.stm | title = City promotes Emirates connection | work = BBC News | date = 21 July 2009 | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/ice_hockey/8649518.stm | title = Dundee Stars join top UK league | work = BBC Sport | date = 28 April 2010 | accessdate=7 August 2011}} | title = Dragging a building into the 21st Century | work = Scottish Planner | page = 11 | date = July, 2010 | accessdate =4 May 2011}} | title = Councils plot revolt over re-draw plan | url = http://news.scotsman.com/politicalboundaryreview/Councils-plot-revolt-over-redraw.2603731.jp | accessdate =3 May 2011 | date = 19 February 2005 | work= The Scotsman|}} | title = Time running out for 'least liked' building Tayside House | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/16542/time-running-out-for-least-liked-building-tayside-house.html | accessdate =18 August 2011 | date = 17 August 2011 | work = The Courier}} | title = Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided | work = The Courier | date = 4 May 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/13586/fate-of-whitfield-s-skarne-blocks-to-be-decided.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}} | date = 7 December 1966 | title = First Dundee computer next year | work = The Courier}} | title = Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down | work = The Courier | date = 14 September 2010 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/5074/four-dundee-hilltown-multi-storey-blocks-to-come-down.html | accessdate =16 May 2011}} |url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/planning/events/gardynes.htm | title = Gardyne's Land wins multiple awards | work = University of Dundee | year = 2009 | accessdate =4 May 2011}} | title = Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week | work = The Courier | date = 5 March 2011 | url = http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Dundee/article/11557/last-of-menzieshill-multis-to-be-brought-down-this-week.html| accessdate =16 May 2011}} | title = Tenants gone, soon multi too | work = Evening Telegraph | date = 2 March 2007 | url = http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/output/2007/03/04/story9373804t0.shtm | accessdate =16 May 2011}} | url = http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | title = Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant | work = The Scotsman | date = 29 August 1993 | accessdate =8 July 2006 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060614134707/http://heritage.scotsman.com/videos.cfm?vid=57 | archivedate = 14 June 2006}}

Websites

|| title = A Chronicle of The City's Office Bearers, Chambers, Regalia, Castles & Twin Cities | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_69.pdf | accessdate =25 April 2011 | publisher = Dundee City Council}} | url = http://www.almi.abdn.ac.uk | title = Al-Maktoum Institute | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/files/Notif0805B.htm |title=A list of ambulance stations in Scotland |publisher=isdscotland |year=2005 |accessdate=21 March 2011}} | url = http://www.aogscotland.org.uk/ChurchDirectory.htm#EastCoast | title = Assemblies of God Scotland | publisher = www.aogscotland.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | title = Blue Bin Paper Collections | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/bluebin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009}} | url = http://www.episcopalchurch.org/81799_92921_ENG_HTM.htm | title = Brechin-Iowa-Swaziland: Walking together in companionship | publisher = Episcopal Life Online | accessdate =26 February 2009}} | title = Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/brownbin/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009 }} | url = http://www.lds.org.uk/contact-us/ward-locator/search-by-map/details/dundee-bingham-ward/| title = The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints search | publisher = www.lds.org.uk | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://www.dundee.ac.uk/biocentre/ | title = College of Life Sciences Research Biocentre | publisher = University of Dundee | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel;=Locality&mainText;=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch;=false&compLevel;=CountryProfile&compText;=&compTextExplicitMatch;=null | title = Comparative Employment: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel;=Locality&mainText;=Dundee&mainTextExplicitMatch;=false&compLevel;=CountryProfile&compText;=&compTextExplicitMatch;=null | title = Comparative Population: Dundee Locality Scotland | publisher = Scotland's Census Results Online | year = 2001 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/ciac/information/contact.shtml | title = Contact numbers for BBC Scotland | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/councillors/wardsbysurname/ | title = Councillors - Political Wards - by Councillor Surname | work = Dundee City Council | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4880844.stm | title = Cox may be ambassador for Dundee | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | title = The Diocese of Brechin | publisher = www.thedioceseofbrechin.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk/ | title = The Diocese of Dunkeld | publisher = www.dunkelddiocese.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} |url = http://www.scottishfootballleague.com/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=1168 | title = Dundee Football Club | publisher = www.scottishfootballleague.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm | title = Dundee Airport | publisher = Dundee City Council |year= 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060811190112/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/airport/main.htm |archivedate = 11 August 2006}} | url = http://www.dundeebluesbonanza.co.uk/ | title = Dundee Blues Bonanza | accessdate =6 September 2006}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_77.pdf | title = Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001-2031 | publisher = Dundee City Council and Scottish Enterprise | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://www.searchforhope.org/dundee | title = Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia | publisher = www.searchforhope.org | accessdate =26 October 2010}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/elections/mappage.htm | title = Dundee City Council Political Make-up | work = Dundee City Council website | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_119.pdf | title = Dundee Economic Profile | date = January 2011 | accessdate =24 February 2011}} | url = http://www.scojec.org/communities/dundee/index.html | title = Dundee Hebrew Congregation | publisher = www.scojec.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url =http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func;=showResultsRank&p;=319&Itemid;=789 | title = Dundee HSFP Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecentralmosque.org.uk/home.htm | title = Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeemethodist.org.uk | title = Dundee Methodist Church | publisher = www.dundeemethodist.org.uk. | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk/ | title = Dundee Mountain Film Festival | publisher = www.dundeemountainfilm.org.uk |accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.quakerscotland.org/dundee | title = Dundee Quaker Meeting | publisher = www.quakerscotland.org | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/dundee.htm | title = Dundee Scots | work = Wir Ain Leid | accessdate =27 April 2011}} | title = Dundee's Twins Around the World | publisher = Dundee City Council | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/supportservs/dundeetwins/ | accessdate =4 July 2006}} | title = Dundee United Football Club, Team Profile | url = http://www.scotprem.com/content/default.asp?page=s10_2 | publisher = Scottish Premier Football League (SPL) | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dundeewaterfront.com/documents/waterfrontbrochure2_000.pdf | title = Dundee Waterfront Brochure | publisher = Dundee Waterfront | accessdate =24 April 2011}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro63.html |title = European Cup History, Season 1962–1963 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro84.html | title = European Cup History, Season 1983–1984 | publisher = www.europeancuphistory.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | title = Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies | work = Boundary Commission for Scotland | url = http://www.bcomm-scotland.gov.uk | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.wto.org/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90520090.pdf | title = General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade | work = Committee of Trade and Development | date = 12 December 1969 | accessdate =17 May 2011}} | title = GeoIndex Onshore | work = British Geological Survey | url = http://www.bgs.ac.uk/GeoIndex/ | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps/Constituency%202011/con-angs.htm | title = Graeme Dey, MSP for Angus South | publisher = Scottish Parliament | accessdate =7 May 2011}} | url = http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-scotland.html | title = Gurudwaras in Scotland | publisher = www.allaboutsikhs.com | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func;=showResultsRank&p;=304&Itemid;=789 | title = Harris Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.hinducounciluk.org/newsite/affiliates.asp#Dundee | title = Hindu Council UK | publisher = www.hinducounciluk.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | url = http://www.historyshelf.org/secf/whale/08.php | title = Hunting the Whale: The Whale Ships | accessdate =4 May 2011 | year = 2003 | work = HistoryShelf.org | publisher = East Lothian Council}} | url = http://www.mountainfilmalliance.org/ | title = International Alliance for Mountain Film | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/scotland/dundee.html | title = International Jewish Cemetery Project — Scotland | accessdate =4 May 2011}} | title = James McGovern, MP for Dundee West | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38863.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.mylocalservices.co.uk/Angus/Religious_Organisations/1733939/Jehovahs_Witnesses.html | title = Jehovah's Witnesses — Angus — Religious Organisations | publisher = www.mylocalservices.co.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://legends.disney.go.com/legends/detail?key=Jimmy+MacDonald | title = Jimmy MacDonald (Animator - Voice) Inducted 1933 | publisher = Walt Disney Company | accessdate =11 June 2011}} | title = Joe Fitzpatrick, MSP for Dundee West | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/joe_fitzpatrick/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://dundee.samye.org/ | title = Kagyu Samye Dzong Dundee (Rokpa Dundee) | publisher = dundee.samye.org | accessdate =28 January 2009}} | title = Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/kerbsiderecycling/ | publisher = dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =11 March 2009}} | title = Kingspark School | url = http://kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk/ | publisher = kingspark.ea.dundeecity.sch.uk | accessdate =3 February 2009}} | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/perth_tayside/article_1.shtml | title = Little Tipperary: The Irish in Lochee | work = Legacies | publisher = BBC | accessdate =9 July 2006}} | title = List of MEPs in Scotland | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/public/geoSearch/search.do?country=GB&zone;=Scotland&language;=EN | publisher = European Parliament | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | title = Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | title = Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 | url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2004/20040009.htm | publisher = Office of Public Sector Information | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/hbenviron/pdfs/logie.pdf | title = Logie Conservation Area | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/08mye-settlements-table2.pdf | title = Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Settlements in order of size | publisher = General Register for Scotland | year = 2008 | accessdate =18 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/7881894.stm | title = Money for computer games centre | publisher = BBC News | date = 10 February 2009 | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func;=showResultsRank&p;=336&Itemid;=789 | title = Morgan Academy Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.constructingcommunities.com/Home/Media/Publications/10-12-15/Mansell_wins_%c2%a324_million_contract_to_build_major_landmark_in_Dundee.aspx | title = Mansell wins £24 million contract to build major landmark in Dundee | publisher = Mansell Construction | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm |title = NME Interview with Placebo |publisher = NME/PlaceboWorld | accessdate =17 July 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060415091720/http://www.placeboworld.co.uk/archive/missiveattack.htm |archivedate = 15 April 2006}} | url = http://www.scottishrugby.org/community/index.php?option=com_joomleague&func;=showResultsRank&p;=305&Itemid;=789 | title = Panmure RFC and Stobswell RFC Results and Fixtures | publisher = Scottish Rugby | accessdate =7 August 2011}} | url = http://www.tayside.police.uk/Your-Community/Dundee |title=Policing in Dundee |accessdate=21 March 2011}} | work = Office for National Statistics | title = Population density: Scotland: by unitary authority | year = 2002 | url = http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=7657 | accessdate =20 April 2010}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/dundeecity/uploaded_publications/publication_85.pdf | title = Population Matters | accessdate =3 March 2009 | publisher = Dundee City Council}} | url = http://www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk/index.html | title = Presbytery of Dundee | publisher = www.dundeepresbytery.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | title = Primary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/primaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | title = Radio Tay's first day | url = http://retrodundee.blogspot.com/2008/11/radio-tays-first-day-1980.html | publisher = retrodundee.blogspot.com | accessdate =29 January 2009 }} | work = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland: Canmore Database | title = Dundee, Stannergate | url = http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.newcandig_details_gis?inumlink=33477 | accessdate =22 April 2011}} |url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingcentres/ | title = Recycling Centres | publisher = Dundee City Council |accessdate =21 March 2011}} | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/wasteman/recyclingpoints/ | title = Recycling Points | publisher = Dundee City Council | accessdate =21 March 2011}} | title = Regional mapped climate averages | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/regmapavge.html#escotland | accessdate =20 April 2011 | work = Met Office}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/dundee | title = Salvation Army Dundee | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/menzieshill | title = Salvation Army Menzieshill | publisher = www1.salvationarmy.org.uk |accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml | title = Scotland's Jewish Community | publisher = www.jgsgb.org.uk | accessdate =28 January 2009 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080801015456/http://www.jgsgb.org.uk/scot01.shtml |archivedate = 1 August 2008}} | url = http://www.scottishambulance.com/AboutUs/HowWeOrganised.aspx |title = How we are organised |publisher = Scottish Ambulance Service |accessdate=21 March 2011}} |url = http://www.footballcentral.org/sfa/associations/scottish-junior-football-association/club-directory-a-k.cfm |title = Scottish Junior football teams A-K |publisher = Scottish Junior Football Association |accessdate =6 December 2009}} | title = Secondary Schools | url = http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/education/secondaries/ | publisher = www.dundeecity.gov.uk | accessdate =2 March 2009}} | title = Sensation Science Centre | url = http://www.sensation.org.uk/index.php?p=117 | publisher = www.sensation.org.uk | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | title = Shona Robison, MSP for Dundee East | url = http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/MSP/MembersPages/shona_robison/index.htm | work = The Scottish Parliament | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | title = Stewart Hosie, MP for Dundee East | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/38317.stm | work = BBC News | accessdate =3 May 2011}} | last = Borges | first = Mario Mesquita | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Snow Patrol Biography | work = Yahoo! Music | publisher = Yahoo! | date = | url = http://music.yahoo.com/ar-296554-bio--Snow-Patrol | doi = | accessdate =6 September 2006 }} | title = Tannadice Park | url = http://scottishfootballarchive.co.uk/grounds/tannadice-park | publisher = scottishfootballarchive.co.uk | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://www.dmadesign.org/ | title = The Complete History of DMA Design| accessdate =9 July 2006 | work = The DMA History Site}} | url = http://www.tbcdundee.org.uk | title = Trinity Baptist Church Dundee | publisher = www.tbcdundee.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url =http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1986/intro.html | title = UEFA Cup History, Season 1986–1987 | publisher = www.uefa.com | accessdate =10 March 2009}} | url = http://mosques.muslimsinbritain.org/show-browse.php?town=Dundee | title = UK Mosque Searcher: Mosques in Dundee | accessdate =5 May 2011}} | title = UK Postcode to PostCode Distance Calculator | url = http://www.postcode.org.uk | accessdate =20 April 2011}} | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8452055.stm | title = Dundee to get its own V&A; museum | publisher = BBC News | accessdate =26 May 2011}} | publisher = Waste Aware Tayside | accessdate =3 June 2011 | title = Facts and Figures | url = http://www.wasteawaretayside.org.uk/dundeeFactsAndFigures.asp}} | url = http://www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | title = Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee | publisher = www.dundee-unitarians.org.uk | accessdate =30 January 2009}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year;=1995&indexid;=TXx&stationid;=1630 | title=Aug 1995 Maximum | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=13&year;=2006&indexid;=TG&stationid;=1630 | title = Jul 2006 Mean | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid;=1971-2000&indexid;=TXx&stationid;=1630 | title = 1971-2000 average warmest day | accessdate =22 March 2011}} | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid;=1971-2000&indexid;=SU&stationid;=1630 | title = 1971-2000 >25c days | accessdate =22 March 2011}}

Maps

| title = Dundee and Montrose, Forfar and Arbroath | work = Ordnance Survey Landranger Map | edition = B2 | year = 2007 | isbn = 0319229807}} | work = Soil Survey of Scotland | publisher = Macaulay Institute for Soil Research | location = Aberdeen | year = 1982 | title = Sheet 5, Eastern Scotland}} | last = Pont | first = T. | title = Lower Angus and Perthshire east of the Tay. | publisher = www.nls.uk | date=c1583-96 | url = http://www.nls.uk/maps/counties/detail.cfm?id=289 | accessdate =22 April 2011}}

Bibliography

| author=NCR | title=Cash Advance | publisher=NCR (Scotland) limited | isbn=0-9529630-0-0 | year = 1996 }}

| author = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland | year = 1992 | title = Dundee on Record, images of the past | publisher = HMSO | location = London}}

External links

Dundee City Council

Dundee Guide

Dundee Information Website

Dundee and Angus information portal

Heraldry of Dundee Burgh, District and City

Dundonian for beginners

Dundee Dialect

InDundee listings

Memorial inscriptions from the city's oldest cemetery

Dundee in 3d

Dundee Mountain Film Festival

Category:Article Feedback Pilot Category:Port cities and towns in Scotland Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea Category:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland Category:Council areas of Scotland

ar:دندي br:Dùn Dèagh bg:Дънди cs:Dundee co:Dundee cy:Dundee da:Dundee de:Dundee et:Dundee el:Ντάντι es:Dundee eo:Dundee eu:Dundee fa:داندی fr:Dundee fy:Dundee ga:Dún Déagh gd:Dùn Dèagh ko:던디 hy:Դանդի id:Dundee, Skotlandia is:Dundee it:Dundee ka:დანდი lv:Dandī lt:Dandi lmo:Dundee nl:Dundee ja:ダンディー (スコットランド) no:Dundee nn:Dundee pms:Dundee pl:Dundee pt:Dundee ro:Dundee qu:Dundee ru:Данди sco:Dundee simple:Dundee sk:Dundee (Škótsko) sr:Данди fi:Dundee sv:Dundee tl:Dundee th:ดันดี tr:Dundee uk:Данді vec:Dundee vo:Dundee war:Dundee zh-yue:登地 zh:邓迪

Albert Kidd (born 19 October 1961) is a Scottish former football player who now lives in Australia. He is best known in Scottish football for scoring two goals for Dundee against Hearts on the final day of the 1985–86 season to deny Hearts the championship.

Going into the final day of the 1985–86 season, Hearts were in a very strong position. They were two points clear of second-placed Celtic and had a goal difference that was four goals better. With only two points available for a win in Scottish football at this time (three points for a win was not introduced until 1994), Hearts only needed to avoid defeat in the match at Dens Park to win the championship. Hearts had not lost any match since 28 September 1985. It was also possible that Hearts could win the championship even if they lost the match, so long as Celtic did not overturn the goal difference advantage by winning heavily against St. Mirren at Love Street.

At half-time, with the scoreline at Dens Park still 0–0, it was announced over the public address system that Celtic were winning 4–0. Although Hearts were on course to win the point they needed to win the championship, the score at Love Street meant that Hearts had lost their goal difference advantage over Celtic. Hearts knew that they would have to avoid defeat in their match to win the championship.

Midway through the second half, with the score at Dens Park still locked at 0–0, the Dundee manager Archie Knox brought on Kidd (a forward) as a substitute for left full-back Tosh McKinlay in an effort to win the game. Dundee needed to win the game to stand a chance of qualifying for the UEFA Cup.

In the 83rd minute, with Hearts less than 10 minutes away from winning their first championship since 1960, Kidd scored the opening goal with a close-range finish from a corner kick. Six minutes later, Kidd effectively ended Hearts' chances by scoring a sublime second goal to make the final score a 2–0 win for Dundee. Remarkably, Kidd had not scored all season before scoring two goals in the last 10 minutes of the season. Celtic won their game 5–0 to win the championship on goal difference by three goals.

Kidd left Dundee to join Falkirk for the following season, 1986–87. In an ironic twist, Falkirk went to Celtic Park in the penultimate game of the season needing a result to ensure their top-flight status, while Celtic needed to win to retain an outside chance of winning the championship. Kidd came on as a substitute as Falkirk won 2–1, effectively ending Celtic's championship challenge. The winning goal was scored by Jimmy Gilmour.

Kidd left Scottish football in 1987 to play for Australian side West Adelaide SC, and he has lived in Australia ever since. Despite living far from Scotland, he is still fondly remembered by Celtic fans and particularly by fans of Hibs, who are Hearts' rivals in Edinburgh. This is despite the fact that Kidd never played for either Celtic or Hibs. There are anecdotes that Hibs effectively stopped playing during their match against Dundee United on the same day, allowing United to score a winning goal in the meaningless match, due to the joyous reaction of the Hibs support to the news from Dens Park.

Kidd himself has told an anecdote that Billy Connolly (a Celtic fan) was star-struck when he accidentally met Kidd in an Adelaide hotel. As Connolly is famous around the English-speaking world, Kidd naturally recognised him, but Connolly didn't initially recognise Kidd. As the pair went through some good-natured small talk, Connolly eventually realised who he was talking to.

Notes

External links

Newcastle Fans profile

Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:People from Dundee Category:Association football forwards Category:Scottish footballers Category:Brechin City F.C. players Category:Arbroath F.C. players Category:Motherwell F.C. players Category:Dundee F.C. players Category:Falkirk F.C. players Category:West Adelaide SC players Category:Scottish Football League players Category:Scottish expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate soccer players in Australia

no:Albert Kidd

Tom Dundee (1946–2006) was a singer/songwriter born in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

He began his career in Corrales, New Mexico in 1969. A year later he became a principal member of the Chicago folk scene that spawned such performers as John Prine, Steve Goodman, Mick Scott, and Bonnie Koloc. In the 1980s, Dundee performed throughout the Seattle Music Scene and in the 1990s recorded out of Nashville, Tennessee.

Dundee is best-known for his song "A Delicate Balance." He composed over 300 songs, and recorded with such notables as Timothy B. Schmidt, Stephanie Davis, Rita Coolidge and Paul Barrere. He was a close friend and protege of Steve Goodman, who gave him the guitar on which he composed "The City of New Orleans." According to the Chicago Sun-Times obituary of April 20, 2006, "At the time of his death, Mr. Dundee was a linchpin of the 1970s Chicago folk boom that produced John Prine, Steve Goodman, Bonnie Koloc and Jim Post, who covered 'A Delicate Balance.'"

In concert, Dundee delighted in taking chances with his audience, letting the spontaneity of the moment shape the personality of his show every time out. He joked with his audience, drew them out of themselves with his music, and wove stories in and out of his songs. As a result, his shows, which typically included some of the oldest chestnuts imaginable as well as Dundee's own compositions, almost always felt fresh.

He died in the Chicago, Illinois neighborhood of Rogers Park on April 18, 2006, of injuries sustained in a motorcycle accident.

Discography

Tom Dundee released six albums during his life: :A Delicate Balance :Right Lane Man :Roadmap :Rough Around the Edge :Lyfe Tyme Arhyme :Tom Dundee

He also performed on a number of various-artists collections.

:

photo by friend Tony Beazley

References

http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2006/04/tom_dundee_1946.html is a Chicago Tribune web tribute to Dundee posted after his death

Category:American country singers Category:American male singers Category:American folk singers Category:American singer-songwriters Category:2006 deaths Category:1946 births

Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
playername	Joe Ledley
fullname	Joseph Christopher Ledley
dateofbirth	January 23, 1987
cityofbirth	Fairwater, Cardiff
countryofbirth	Wales
height
currentclub	Celtic
clubnumber	16
position	Midfielder
youthyears1	1996–2004
youthclubs1	Cardiff City
years1	2004–2010
clubs1	Cardiff City
caps1	226
goals1	26
years2	2010–
clubs2	Celtic
caps2	34
goals2	3
nationalyears1	2003–2004
nationalyears2	2004–2005
nationalyears3	2005–2008
nationalyears4	2005–
nationalteam1	Wales U17
nationalteam2	Wales U19
nationalteam3	Wales U21
nationalteam4	Wales
nationalcaps1	6
nationalcaps2	3
nationalcaps3	5
nationalcaps4	38
nationalgoals1	0
nationalgoals2	0
nationalgoals3	0
nationalgoals4	3
pcupdate	28 August 2011
ntupdate	11 August 2011 }}

Joseph Christopher Ledley (born 23 January 1987) is a Welsh footballer who plays for Scottish Premier League club Celtic and the Welsh national team as a central or left midfielder.

He started his career with Championship side Cardiff, where he spent six years. He helped the club to the FA Cup final in 2008 and to the Championship play-off final in 2010. In 2010 he moved to Scottish Premier League club Celtic on a free transfer.

Early life

Ledley was born in Cardiff, growing up in the Fairwater area. As a youngster he attended Cantonian High School, where his picture is still displayed.

Club career

Cardiff City

A lifelong fan of the club, Ledley joined his hometown team Cardiff City at the age of nine and made his way through the youth ranks at the club. During his later days as a trainee he was in charge of cleaning then captain Graham Kavanagh's boots.

Ledley was called into the first team in the middle of the 2004–05 season, making his debut in the League Cup against Milton Keynes Dons on 21 September 2004 before making his league debut the next month on 16 October against Rotherham United. He scored his first goal for the senior team in a league match against West Ham United which the Bluebirds won 4–1. At the end of the 2006–07 season he picked up the goal of the season award for his strike against Barnsley.

Ledley began the 2007–08 season in great form and earned several man of the match awards in the first four months and in October 2007 he signed a two-year extension to his current contract at Cardiff. In December 2007, Wolverhampton Wanderers offered a reported £2.5 million, which could go up to as much as £3.5 million with add-ons, to Cardiff for Ledley. Cardiff offered the deal to Ledley who turned the move down in order to stay with the Bluebirds. Premier League side Everton were also known to have taken an interest in him, reportedly considering making an offer of £3.5 million. At the time, Cardiff valued him at a reported £5 million.

Despite the speculation about his transfer Ledley himself stated that he was desperate to stay at Cardiff but concedes that he may have no choice should a high offer be made. Everton attempted a second move for Ledley at the end of the January transfer window, reportedly beating Wolves' previous £3m move, but the move was rejected by Cardiff. His form continued into February and early March before a hamstring injury forced him to miss several games, including Cardiff's 2–0 FA Cup Quarter Final victory over Middlesbrough. He returned to the side in time for the Semi Final against Barnsley where he scored the only goal to send Cardiff to their first Final since 1927, a goal which later earned him 'Player of the Round'. Cardiff went on to lose in the Final to Portsmouth. As well as his exploits in the FA Cup, the year was also Ledley's most prolific goalscoring year for the club as he finished joint top scorer, along with Paul Parry, with a total of 11 goals in all competitions.

During the 2008 summer transfer window, recently promoted Premier League side Stoke City offered Cardiff £5m to sign Ledley, which Cardiff turned down. On 1 September 2008, the final day of the summer transfer window Stoke made a second bid, reported to be around £6m, but this too was firmly rejected by Cardiff. On 7 October, Ledley was named Welsh clubman of the year for the second consecutive year. He scored his first goal of the 2008–09 season during a 2–1 win over Crystal Palace on 15 November when he fired in after returning to the pitch after receiving treatment due to a dislocated finger. The injury later required surgery and Ledley was expected to be out for around one month but managed to return in time to play against Swansea City, with his finger in a cast, in the first league meeting between the two sides for nine years and scored with a left footed volley as the game ended 2–2, a goal which later earned him the club's goal of the season award. In his next game after the South Wales derby, on 6 December, with captain Darren Purse dropped and vice-captain Stephen McPhail suspended, Ledley, at the age of just 21, captained Cardiff for the first time in a 2–0 win over Preston North End.

His performances in the absence of McPhail, which later earned him the Championship player of the month award for January, meant that he kept the Irish international out of the side as he continued as stand in captain, including a 0–0 draw with Arsenal in the fourth round of the FA Cup. The January transfer window saw increased speculation about Ledley's future and Cardiff turned down two bids from Premier League sides West Ham United, who saw an offer of £5m turned down, and Wigan Athletic, who had a bid of £4m and former Cardiff player and Wales international Jason Koumas rejected. He remained captain of the side for the rest of the season and at the end of the year was included in the 2008–09 Championship Team of the Year, along with teammate Roger Johnson.

With only one year left on his contract, the end of the season saw increased speculation over his future, mostly from Hull City, whose manager Phil Brown attended the Bluebirds pre-season friendly against Celtic. Despite the speculation over his future, Ledley remained with Cardiff and played 45 minutes of the first ever competitive match at the Cardiff City Stadium, before being substituted at half-time due to illness. In the third league match of the season, Ledley made his 200th league appearance for Cardiff in a 3–1 win over Plymouth Argyle. On 2 September 2009 Ledley was offered a new four-year contract by Cardiff, which was later rejected. During a 3–1 defeat to Sheffield Wednesday on 26 September 2009, Ledley was sent off for the first time in his career after two bookable offences. Following a poor run of results by Cardiff during November 2009, Ledley was the focus of criticism over his performances, most notably from Cardiff chairman Peter Ridsdale who commented that, due to his ongoing contract talks, Ledley was "''"playing like he is somewhere else already''". However, Ledley received backing from both Cardiff manager Dave Jones and club captain Mark Hudson, before later stating that he needed surgery on a hip injury that had plagued him for the previous three months and subsequently hindered his performances. On 9 December Cardiff confirmed that Ledley needed a hip operation before the end of the season.

He scored his first goal of the season on 28 December with the opener against Peterborough United, and 17 minutes later he scored again with a header. On 29 January 2010, Ledley underwent surgery on his hip problem which was expected to rule him out for the rest of the season, but made an early return as a substitute during a 2–1 win over Swansea City. On 17 April, Ledley scored against Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road to ensure Cardiff a 1–0 win and also a Championship Play-Off place for that season. He scored in the 36th minute of the Play-off Final against Blackpool on 22 May during a 3–2 defeat.

Celtic

Out of contract at the end of the 2009–10 season, Ledley entered into talks with several clubs, including Stoke City, West Bromwich Albion and AS Roma, before eventually joining Scottish Premier League side Celtic on a four year contract on 12 July 2010. Ledley's transfer to a team playing outside the English Football League system meant that Cardiff did not receive any compensation for the transfer.

He made his competitive debut for the club on 28 July in a 3–0 defeat to Braga in the first leg of the third qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League, before making his SPL debut two weeks later in a 1–0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle. He scored his first goal for Celtic against St Mirren in a 4–0 home victory in the SPL. On 6 November 2010 Ledley added another to his tally against Aberdeen in a league record 9–0 victory. On 16 March 2011, Ledley scored both Celtic goals in a 2–1 Scottish Cup win against Inverness Caledonian Thistle. On 20 March 2011, Ledley scored in the League Cup Final defeat to Rangers. A hamstring injury sustained in a league game against Rangers on 24 April 2011 ruled him out of action for the rest of that season.

International career

Ledley played at several youth levels for Wales as a youngster eventually winning his first senior Wales cap in an away World Cup qualifying match against Poland on 7 September 2005. His first international goal came against San Marino in a Euro 2008 qualifier on 17 October 2007.

In 2008 Ledley, along with a number of other full Wales internationals, was called back into the Wales U21 squad in a bid to help the team qualify for the U21 championships, only for a back injury to rule him out. On 29 May 2009, with a number of first team players missing from the side, Ledley was named as captain of Wales' youngest ever side for the 1–0 win over Estonia and Wales' 2010 World Cup qualifying match against Azerbaijan in Baku.

International goals

Serravalle (San Marino) 10 September 2008 11 August 2010

Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
1	17 October 2007	Serravalle, San Marino ||		0–2	1–2	UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying>Euro 2008 qualification
2	|	Moscow, Russia		1–1	2–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)>2010 World Cup qualification
3	|	Llanelli, Wales		2–1	5–1	Exhibition game>Friendly

Career statistics

3 0 3 1 3 0 10 0 4 0 3 1 2 1 1 0

Club	Season	League	Cup	League Cup	Play Off's	Europe	Total
	!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
rowspan="7"	Cardiff City		28	|	1	0	3
2005-06 Football League Championship	2005–06	42	|	1	0	2
2006-07 Football League Championship	2006–07	46	|	2	0	1
2007-08 Football League Championship	2007–08	41	|	4	1	3
2008-09 Football League Championship	2008–09	40	|	3	1	3
2009-10 Football League Championship	2009–10	29	|	3	0	1	0	3
!Total	!226!!26!!14!!2!!13!!1!!3!!1!!-!!-!!256!!30
rowspan=3>Celtic F.C.	Celtic		29	|	4	3	4
2011–12 Scottish Premier League	2011–12	5	|	0	0	0
!Total	!34!!3!!4!!3!!4!!1!!-!!-!!5!!0!!47!!7
Career total	!260!!29!!18!!5!!17!!2!!3!!1!!5!!0!!303!!37

Honours

Club

;Cardiff City ;FA Cup

Runner-up: 2007–08

;Football League Championship play-offs

Runner-up: 2010

;Celtic

;Scottish Cup

Winner: 2010–11

Individual

Wales Club Player of the Year (2): 2007, 2008

PFA Championship Team of the Year (1): 2008–09

Championship Player of the Month (1): January 2009

References

External links

Joe Ledley profile Cardiff City FC

Joe Ledley profile Football Association of Wales

Joe Ledley Celtic FC

Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:People from Cardiff Category:Welsh footballers Category:Wales youth international footballers Category:Wales international footballers Category:Wales under-21 international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Cardiff City F.C. players Category:Celtic F.C. players Category:The Football League players Category:Scottish Premier League players

ar:جو ليدلي de:Joe Ledley fr:Joe Ledley it:Joe Ledley ja:ジョー・レドリー nn:Joe Ledley pl:Joe Ledley pt:Joe Ledley ru:Ледли, Джо sv:Joe Ledley zh:乔·莱德利

Angelo Dundee (born Angelo Mirena on August 30, 1921) is an American boxing cornerman. He is best known for his work with Muhammad Ali (1960–1981), and has worked with 15 world boxing champions, including Sugar Ray Leonard, José Nápoles, George Foreman, Jimmy Ellis, Carmen Basilio, Luis Rodriguez and Willie Pastrano.

Professional career

Born in Philadelphia, Dundee went to New York and later to Miami where he learned many of the strategies of a boxer's cornerman while acting as a "bucket man" to the great trainers of Stillman's Gym. There his mentors included Charlie Goldman, Ray Arcel, and Chickie Ferrera. Later, his brother Chris Dundee opened the Fifth Street Gym in Miami.

Carmen Basilio was the first world champion for whom Dundee acted as a cornerman when Basilio defeated Tony DeMarco for the world welterweight crown and later Sugar Ray Robinson for the world middleweight crown.

Career with Muhammad Ali

Dundee traveled around the world with Ali, and he was the cornerman in all but two of Ali's fights (Tunney Hunsaker in 1960 and Jimmy Ellis in 1971). Dundee trained the young Cassius Clay, as Ali was then known, in most of his early bouts, including those with Archie Moore (who had trained Clay before his partnering with Dundee) and Sonny Liston, where Clay won the Heavyweight title. Dundee continued to train Ali in all of his fights until his exile from boxing, and upon Ali's return to the sport Dundee trained him in almost all of his fights, including Ali's famed bouts with fighters such as Jerry Quarry, Oscar Bonavena, Joe Frazier, Floyd Patterson, George Foreman, Ken Norton and, later, Leon Spinks. One exception was in Ali's '71 fight with Jimmy Ellis where Dundee was in Ellis' corner. Ali knocked Ellis out in the 12th round. Dundee was accused by Foreman of loosening the ring ropes before his 1974 ''The Rumble in the Jungle'' fight with Ali to help Ali win the fight by using the Rope-a-dope technique. Dundee has consistently denied tampering with the ropes. In 1997, after decades Dundee reunited with Muhammad Ali and appeared alongside him in a sentimental Super Bowl commercial.

Career with Sugar Ray Leonard

Dundee saw a future, emerging star in Sugar Ray Leonard, whom he has called "a smaller version of Ali". Dundee acted as cornerman for Leonard in many of his biggest fights, including those with Wilfred Benítez, Roberto Durán, Thomas Hearns and Marvin Hagler. In Leonard's first bout with Hearns, Dundee, thinking that his protege was behind on the scorecards, quipped the now famous words, "You're blowing it, son! You're blowing it!" before the start of round 13. Leonard went on to score a fourteenth round win when the referee stopped the fight.

Other work

Dundee later teamed up with George Foreman, including his 1991 Heavyweight title fight against Evander Holyfield and his 1994 Heavyweight title win against then-undefeated Michael Moorer.

In addition, Dundee also trained such world champions as Luis Rodriguez, Willie Pastrano, Ralph Dupas, José Nápoles, Pinklon Thomas, Trevor Berbick, Jimmy Ellis, Wilfredo Gómez, Michael Nunn and Sugar Ramos, as well as other boxers such as Bill Bossio, David Estrada, Douglas Vaillant, Jimmy Lange, Tom Zbikowski and Pat O'Connor.

Dundee was hired to train Russell Crowe for Crowe's characterization of James J. Braddock in ''Cinderella Man''. To that end, Dundee traveled to Australia to work with the Oscar winning actor and appeared in the film as "Angelo" the corner man.

In November 2008, he was hired as a special consultant for Oscar De La Hoya's fight with Manny Pacquiao.

Honors

Dundee was enshrined in the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1992.

Popular Culture

Dundee was depicted as himself in the movie "Ali" (2001) and played by the late actor Ron Silver.

References

Further reading

External links

Angelo Dundee Video Interview

Dundee Signs With Golden Boy Promotions

Category:1921 births Category:Living people Category:American people of Italian descent Category:American boxing trainers Category:Muhammad Ali

de:Angelo Dundee es:Angelo Dundee fr:Angelo Dundee nl:Angelo Dundee fi:Angelo Dundee sv:Angelo Dundee