| name | Anna Wintour |
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| birth date | November 03, 1949 |
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| birth place | London, United Kingdom |
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| occupation | Magazine editor, fashion journalist |
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| gender | female |
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| status | Divorced |
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| title | Editor-in-chief, U.S. ''Vogue'' |
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| family | Patrick, James, and Norah (siblings); Charles (father) |
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| spouse | David Shaffer (divorced) |
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| children | Charles and Katherine ("Bee") |
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| ethnicity | English |
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| salary | $2 million (reportedly) |
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| credits | Editorial assistant, ''Harpers & Queen'', ''Harper's Bazaar''; fashion editor, ''Viva'', ''Savvy'', ''New York''; creative director, U.S. ''Vogue''; editor-in-chief, British ''Vogue'' and ''House & Garden''
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Anna Wintour,
OBE (born November 3, 1949) is the British-born
editor-in-chief of American ''
Vogue'', a position she has held since 1988. With her trademark
pageboy bob haircut and sunglasses, Wintour has become an institution throughout the fashion world, widely praised for her eye for fashion trends and her support for younger
designers. Her reportedly aloof and demanding personality has earned her the nickname "Nuclear Wintour".
She is the eldest daughter of Charles Wintour, editor of the London ''Evening Standard''. Anna became interested in fashion as a teenager. Her father consulted her on how to make the newspaper relevant to the youth of the era. Her career in fashion journalism began at two British magazines. Later she moved to the United States, with stints at ''New York'' and ''House & Garden.'' She returned home for a year to turn around British ''Vogue'', and later assumed control of the franchise's magazine in New York, reviving what many saw as a stagnating publication. Her use of the magazine to shape the fashion industry has been the subject of debate within it. Animal rights activists have attacked her for promoting fur, while other critics have charged her with using the magazine to promote elitist views of femininity and beauty.
A former personal assistant, Lauren Weisberger, wrote the 2003 best selling ''roman ? clef'' ''The Devil Wears Prada'', later made into a successful film starring Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly, a fashion editor widely believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009 she was the focus of another film, R.J. Cutler's documentary ''The September Issue''.
Family
Wintour was born in London in 1949 to
Charles Wintour (1917–1999), editor of the ''Evening Standard'', and Eleanor ("Nonie") Trego Baker, daughter of a Harvard law professor. The couple married in 1940 and divorced in 1979. Wintour was named after her maternal grandmother, Anna (Gilkyson) Baker, a merchant's daughter from Pennsylvania. Audrey Slaughter, a magazine editor who founded publications such as ''
Honey'' and ''Petticoat'', is her stepmother. The late-18th-century novelist
Lady Elizabeth Foster, Duchess of Devonshire, was Wintour's great-great-great-grandmother, and Sir Augustus Vere
Foster, the last Baronet of that name, was a granduncle.
Three of her four siblings are alive. Her older brother, Gerald, died in a traffic accident as a child. One of her younger brothers, Patrick, is also a journalist, currently political editor of ''The Guardian''. James and Nora Wintour have worked in London local government and for international non-governmental organizations respectively.
Early life
The young Wintour was educated at the independent
North London Collegiate School, where she frequently rebelled against the
dress code by taking up the
hemlines of her skirts. At the age of 14 she began wearing her hair in a
bob. She developed an interest in fashion as a regular viewer of
Cathy McGowan on ''
Ready Steady Go!,'' and from the issues of ''
Seventeen'' her grandmother sent from America. "Growing up in
London in the '60s, you'd have to have had Irving Penn's sack over your head not to know something extraordinary was happening in fashion", she recalled. Her father regularly consulted her when he was considering ideas for increasing readership in the youth market.
At the age of 15 she began dating well-connected older men. She was involved briefly with Piers Paul Read, then 24. In her later teens, she and gossip columnist Nigel Dempster became a fixture on the London club circuit.
Career
From fashion to journalism
"I think my father really decided for me that I should work in fashion", she recalled in ''
The September Issue''. The next year, she left North London Collegiate and began a training program at
Harrods. At her parents' behest, she also took fashion classes at a nearby school. Soon she gave them up, saying, "You either know fashion or you don't." Another older boyfriend,
Richard Neville, gave her her first experience of magazine production at his popular and controversial ''
Oz.
In 1970, when ''
Harper's Bazaar UK'' merged with ''Queen'' to become ''Harper's & Queen'', Wintour was hired as one of its first editorial assistants, beginning her career in
fashion journalism. She told her co-workers that she wanted to edit ''Vogue.'' While there, she discovered model Annabel Hodin, a former North London classmate. Her connections helped her secure locations for innovative shoots by
Helmut Newton and other trend-setting photographers. One recreated the works of
Renoir and
Manet using models in
go-go boots. After chronic disagreements with new editor Min Hogg, a rival, she quit and moved to New York with her boyfriend, freelance journalist Jon Bradshaw.
New York
In her new home she became a junior fashion editor at ''
Harper's Bazaar'' in New York City in 1975. Wintour's innovative shoots led editor Tony Mazzola to fire her after nine months. She was introduced to
Bob Marley by one of Bradshaw's friends, and disappeared with him for a week. A few months later, Bradshaw helped her get her first position as a fashion editor, at ''
Viva'', a women's adult magazine started by
Kathy Keeton, then wife of ''
Penthouse'' publisher
Bob Guccione. She has rarely discussed working there due to that connection. This was the first job at which she was able to hire a personal assistant, which began her reputation as a demanding and difficult boss.
In late 1978, Guccione shut down the unprofitable magazine. Wintour decided to take some time off from work. She broke up with Bradshaw and began a relationship with French record producer Michel Esteban, dividing her time with him between Paris and New York for two years. She returned to work in 1980, succeeding Elsa Klensch as fashion editor for a new women's magazine named ''Savvy.'' It sought to appeal to career-conscious professional women who spent their own money, the reader Wintour would later target at ''Vogue.''
The next year, she became fashion editor of ''New York.'' There, the fashion spreads and photo shoots she had been putting together for years finally began attracting attention. Editor Edward Kosner sometimes bent very strict rules for her and let her work on other sections of the magazine. She learned through her work on a cover involving Rachel Ward how effectively celebrity covers sold copies. "Anna saw the celebrity thing coming before everyone else did", Grace Coddington said three decades later. A former colleague arranged for an interview with ''Vogue'' editor Grace Mirabella that ended when Wintour told Mirabella she wanted her job.
Cond?© Nast
She went to work at ''Vogue'' later when Alex Liberman, editorial director for
Cond?© Nast, publisher of ''Vogue'', talked to Wintour about a position there in 1983. She eventually accepted after a bidding war that doubled her salary, becoming the magazine's first creative director, a position with vaguely defined responsibilities. Her changes to the magazine were often made without Mirabella's knowledge, causing friction among the staff. She began dating child psychiatrist
David Shaffer, an older acquaintance from London. They married in 1984.
A year later she attained her first editorship, taking over British ''Vogue'' after Beatrix Miller retired. Once in charge, she replaced many staffers and exerted far more control over the magazine than any previous editor had, earning the nickname "Nuclear Wintour" in the process. Those editors who were retained began to refer to the period as "The Wintour of Our Discontent." Her changes moved the magazine from its traditional eccentricity to a direction more in line with the American magazine. Wintour's ideal reader was the same woman ''Savvy'' had tried to reach. "There's a new kind of woman out there", she told the ''Evening Standard.'' "She's interested in business and money. She doesn't have time to shop anymore. She wants to know what and why and where and how."
In 1987 Wintour returned to New York to take over ''House & Garden.'' Its circulation had long lagged rival ''Architectural Digest,'' and Cond?© Nast hoped she could improve it. Again she made radical changes to staff and look, canceling $2 million worth of photo spreads and articles in her first week. She put so much fashion in photo spreads that it became known as ''House & Garment'', and enough celebrities that it was referred to as ''Vanity Chair'', within the industry.
Those changes worsened the magazine's problems. When the title was shortened to just ''HG'', many longtime subscribers thought they were getting a new magazine and put it aside for the real thing to arrive. Most of those subscriptions were eventually canceled, and while some fashion advertisers came over, most of the magazine's traditional advertisers pulled out.
Ten months later she finally became editor of ''Vogue.'' Under Mirabella, it had become more focused on lifestyles as a whole and less on fashion. Industry insiders worried that it was losing ground to the recently-introduced American edition of ''Elle''.
After making sweeping changes in staff, Wintour also changed the style of the cover pictures. Mirabella had preferred tight head shots of well-known models in studios; Wintour's covers showed more of the body and were taken outside, like those Diana Vreeland had done years earlier. She used less well-known models, and mixed inexpensive clothes with the high fashion: the first issue she was in charge of, November 1988, featured 19-year-old Michaela Bercu in a $50 pair of faded jeans and a bejeweled T-shirt by Christian Lacroix worth $10,000. It was the first time a Vogue cover model had worn jeans. "Wintour's approach hit a nerve—this was the way real women put clothes together (with the likely exception of wearing multi-thousand-dollar T-shirts)", one reviewer says. On the June 1989 cover, another model was shown in wet hair, with just a bathrobe and no apparent makeup. Photographers, makeup artists and hairstylists got credited along with the models.
1990s
Under her editorship, the magazine renewed its focus on fashion and returned to the prominence it had held under Vreeland. ''Vogue'' held its position as market leader against three contenders: ''Elle''; ''Harper's Bazaar'', which had lured away
Liz Tilberis, Wintour's most prominent deputy, and ''
Mirabella'', a magazine
Rupert Murdoch created for Wintour's fired predecessor. Her most serious competitor was within the company:
Tina Brown, editor of ''
Vanity Fair'' and later ''
The New Yorker''.
At the end of the decade, another of Wintour's inner circle left to run ''Harper's Bazaar''. Kate Betts, seen as Wintour's likely successor, had broadened the magazine's reach by commissioning stories with a more hard-news edge, about women in politics, street culture and the financial difficulties of some major designers. She had also added the "Index" section, a few pages of tips meant to be torn out of the magazine. At staff meetings she earned Wintour's respect as the only person who publicly challenged her.
The two began to disagree about the magazine's direction. Betts felt ''Vogue'''s fashion coverage was getting too limited. Wintour in turn thought that the stories with popular culture angles Betts was assigning were beneath readers, and began pairing Betts with Plum Sykes, whom Betts reportedly detested as a "pretentious airhead". Eventually she left, complaining to the ''New York Times'' that Wintour had not even sent her a baby gift. Wintour wrote an editor's letter that complimented Betts and wished her well.
2000s
Betts was one of several longtime editors to leave ''Vogue'' around the millennium. A year later, Sykes, another putative successor, left to concentrate on her bestselling novels set in the city's upper classes and a screenplay. A number of other editors also left to assume the top jobs at other publications. While some of their replacements didn't last, a new group of core editors formed.
The September 2004 issue was 832 pages, the largest issue of a monthly magazine ever published at that time, since exceeded by the September 2007 issue Cutler's documentary covered. She also oversaw the introduction of three spinoffs: ''Teen Vogue'', ''Vogue Living'' and ''Men's Vogue.'' ''Teen Vogue'' has published more ad pages and earned more advertiser revenue than either ''Elle Girl'' and ''Cosmo Girl'', and the 164 ad pages in the d?©but issue of ''Men's Vogue'' were the most for a first issue in Cond?© Nast history. ''AdAge'' named her "Editor of the Year" for this brand expansion. Queen Elizabeth II appointed her Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.
That year was generally difficult, as the economy worsened. After ruffling feathers at Milan's shows in February, the April issue's cover image of LeBron James and Gisele B?¼ndchen brought criticism for its evocation of racial stereotypes. The next month a lavish Karl Lagerfeld gown she wore to the Met's Costume Institute Gala was called "the worst fashion ''faux pas'' of 2008." In the fall ''Vogue Living'' was suspended indefinitely, and ''Men's Vogue'' cut back to two issues a year as an outsert or supplement to the women's magazine. At the end of the year, December's cover highlighted a disparaging comment Jennifer Aniston made about Angelina Jolie, to the former's displeasure. It seemed she had lost her touch.
Rumors arose that she would retire, and be replaced by French ''Vogue'' editor Carine Roitfeld. An editor at Russian ''GQ'' reportedly introduced Russian ''Vogue'' editor Aliona Doletskaya as the next editor of American ''Vogue''. Cond?© Nast responded by taking out a full-page ad in ''The New York Times'' defending her record. In that same publication, Cathy Horyn later wrote that while Wintour hadn't lost her touch, the magazine had become "stale and predictable", as a reader had recently complained. "To read ''Vogue'' in recent years is to wonder about the peculiar fascination for the 'villa in Tuscany' story", Horyn added. The magazine also dealt awkwardly with the recession, she commented. In September, ''The September Issue'', a documentary film by ''The War Room'' producer R.J. Cutler about the production of the September 2007 issue, was released. It focused on the sometimes-difficult relationship between Wintour and creative director Grace Coddington. She appeared on
the ''Late Show with David Letterman'' to promote it, defending the relevance of fashion in a tough economy. The American Society of Magazine Editors elected her to its Hall of Fame in 2010.
Fashion industry power broker
Through the years she has come to be regarded as one of the most powerful people in fashion, setting trends and anointing new designers. Industry publicists often hear "Do you want me to go to Anna with this?" when they have differences with her subordinates. ''
The Guardian'' has called her the "unofficial mayoress" of New York City. She has encouraged fashion houses such as
Christian Dior to hire younger, fresher designers such as
John Galliano.
Her influence extends outside fashion. She persuaded Donald Trump to let Marc Jacobs use a ballroom at the Plaza Hotel for a show when Jacobs and his partner were short of cash. More recently, she persuaded Brooks Brothers to hire the relatively unknown Thom Browne. A prot?©g?©e at ''Vogue'', Plum Sykes, became a successful novelist, drawing her settings from New York's fashionable ?©lite.
Her salary was reported to be $2 million a year in 2005. In addition, she receives several perks, such as a chauffeured Mercedes S-Class (both in New York and abroad), a $200,000 shopping allowance, and the Coco Chanel Suite at the Hotel Ritz Paris while attending European fashion shows. Cond?© Nast president S. I. Newhouse also had the company make her an interest-free $1.6 million loan to purchase her townhouse in Greenwich Village.
Personal life
She has two children by Shaffer: Charles (Charlie) and Katherine (known as Bee); the latter wrote occasional columns for ''
The Daily Telegraph'' in 2006, but says she won't follow her mother into fashion. The couple divorced in 1999. Newspapers and
gossip columnists claimed her affair with investor
Shelby Bryan ended the marriage. She declined to comment. Her friends say Bryan has mellowed her. "She smiles now and has been seen to laugh", the ''
Observer'' quoted one as saying.
Wintour is also a philanthropist. She serves as a trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, where she has organized benefits that have raised $50 million for the museum's Costume Institute. She began the CFDA/Vogue Fund in order to encourage, support and mentor unknown fashion designers. She has also raised over $10 million for AIDS charities since 1990, by organizing various high profile benefits.
She claims to arise before 6 am, plays tennis and has her hair and makeup done, then gets to ''Vogue''s offices two hours later. She always arrives at fashion shows well before their scheduled start. "I use the waiting time to make phone calls and notes; I get some of my best ideas at the shows", she says. According to the BBC documentary series ''Boss Woman'', she rarely stays at parties for more than 20 minutes at a time and gets to bed by 10:15 every night. She exerts a great deal of control over the magazine's visual content. Since her first days as editor, she has required that photographers not begin until she has approved Polaroids of the setup and clothing. Afterwards, they must submit all their work to the magazine, not just their personal choices.
Her control over the text is less certain. Her staffers claim she reads everything written for publication, but former editor Richard Story has claimed she rarely, if ever, read any of ''Vogue'''s arts coverage or book reviews. Earlier in her career, she often left the task of writing the text accompanying her layouts to others; former coworkers claim she has minimal skills in that area. Today she writes little for the magazine save the monthly editor's letter. She reportedly has three full-time assistants but sometimes surprises callers by answering the phone herself. She often turns her cell phone off in order to eat her lunch, usually a steak (or bunless hamburger), undisturbed. High-protein meals have been a habit of hers for a long time. "It was smoked salmon and scrambled eggs ''every single day''" for lunch, says a coworker at ''Harpers & Queen''. "She would eat nothing else."
Personal fashion preferences
Because of her position, Wintour's wardrobe is often closely scrutinized and imitated. Earlier in her career, she mixed fashionable T-shirts and vests with
designer jeans. When she started at ''Vogue'' as creative director she switched to
Chanel suits with miniskirts. She continued to wear them during both pregnancies, opening the skirts slightly in back and keeping her jacket on to cover up.
According to biographer Jerry Oppenheimer, her ubiquitous sunglasses are actually corrective lenses, since she suffers from deteriorating vision as her father did. A former colleague he interviewed recalls trying on her Wayfarers in her absence and getting dizzy. "I think at this point they've become, you know, really armor", Wintour herself told ''60 Minutes'' correspondent Morley Safer, explaining that they allow her to keep her reactions to a show private. As she rebounded from the end of her marriage and the turnover in the magazine's editorial staff, a fellow editor and friend noted that "she's not hiding behind her glasses anymore. Now she's having fun again."
''The Devil Wears Prada''
Lauren Weisberger, a former Wintour assistant who left ''Vogue'' for ''
Departures'' along with Richard Story, wrote ''The Devil Wears Prada'' after a writing workshop he suggested she take. It was eagerly anticipated for its supposed insider portrait of Wintour prior to its publication. Wintour told ''The New York Times,'' "I always enjoy a great piece of fiction. I haven't decided whether I am going to read it or not." While it has been suggested that the setting and
Miranda Priestly were based on ''Vogue'' and Wintour, Weisberger claims she drew not only from her own experiences but those of her friends as well. Wintour herself makes a cameo appearance near the end of the book, where it is said she and Miranda dislike each other.
In the novel, Miranda has many similarities to Wintour—among them, she is British, has two children, and is described as a major contributor to the Met. Priestly is a tyrant who makes impossible demands of her subordinates, gives them almost none of the information or time necessary to comply and then berates them for their failures to do so.
Betts, who had been fired by Harper's after two years during which staffers said she tried too hard to emulate Wintour, reviewed it harshly in the ''New York Times Book Review'':
Priestly has some positive qualities. Andrea notes that she makes all the magazine's key editorial decisions by herself and that she has genuine class and style. " I never for one second didn't know it was an amazing opportunity to assist Anna", Weisberger said in 2008.
Film adaptation
The film version of the novel has not been the only movie to have a character borrowing some aspects of Wintour.
Edna Mode's similar hairstyle in ''
The Incredibles'' has been noted,
Johnny Depp said he partially based the demeanour of
Willy Wonka in ''
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'' on Wintour.
Fey Sommers in the ''
Ugly Betty'' television series was also likened to Wintour.
During the film's production in 2005, Wintour was reportedly promising prominent fashion personalities, particularly designers, that ''Vogue'' would not cover them if they made cameo appearances in the movie as themselves. She denied it through a spokesperson who said she was interested in anything that "supports fashion". Many designers are mentioned in the film. Only one, Valentino Garavani, appeared as himself.
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The film was released, in mid-2006, to great commercial success. Wintour attended the premi?¨re wearing Prada. In the film, actress Meryl Streep plays a Priestly different enough from the book's to receive critical praise as an entirely original (and more sympathetic) character. (Streep's office in the film was similar enough to Wintour's that Wintour reportedly had hers redecorated )
Wintour reportedly said the film would probably go straight to DVD. It made over US$300 million in worldwide box office receipts. Later in 2006, in an interview with Barbara Walters that aired the day of the DVD's release, Wintour said she found the film "really entertaining" and praised it for making fashion "entertaining and glamorous and interesting ... I was 100 percent behind it."
That opinion of the movie has not yet led her to forgive Weisberger. When it was reported that the novelist's editor told her to start her third novel over, Wintour's spokesman suggested she "should get a job as someone else's assistant."
Oppenheimer suggests ''The Devil Wears Prada'' may have done Wintour a favor by increasing her name recognition. "Besides giving Weisberger her fifteen minutes", he says, "[it] ... place[d] Anna squarely in the mainstream celebrity pantheon. [She] was now known and talked about over Big Macs and french fries under the Golden Arches by young fashionistas in Wal-Mart denim in Davenport and Dubuque."
When ''The September Issue'' was released three years later, critics compared it with the earlier, fictional film. "For the past year or so, she's been on the media warpath to win back her image," said Paul Schrodt in ''Slant Magazine''. Many considered the question of how similar she was to Streep's Priestly, and praised the film for showing the real person. Manohla Dargis at ''The New York Times'' said that Priestly had helped humanize Wintour, and "the documentary continues this." "The movie offers insights that lift it beyond a realist version of ''The Devil Wears Prada,''" agreed Mary Pols in ''Time''.
Other criticism
In 2005, two years after ''The Devil Wears Prada'', Oppenheimer's ''Front Row: The Cool Life and Hot Times of Vogue's Editor in Chief'' was published. It painted a similar portrait of the real woman. According to Oppenheimer, Wintour not only declined his requests for an interview but discouraged others from talking to him.
Personality
Wintour is often described as emotionally distant by those who have come to know her well, even her close friends. "At some stage in her career, Anna Wintour stopped being Anna Wintour and became 'Anna Wintour', at which point, like wings of a stately home, she closed off large sections of her personality to the public", wrote ''
The Guardian.'' "I think she enjoys not being completely approachable. Just her office is very intimidating. You have to walk about a mile into the office before you get to her desk and I'm sure it's intentional," Coddington says. "I don't find her to be accessible to people she doesn't need to be accessible to," agrees ''Vogue'' publisher Tom Florio.
She has said she admired her father
Charles, known as "Chilly Charlie" for being "inscrutable". Former coworkers told Oppenheimer of a similar aloofness on her part. But she is also known for volatile outbursts of displeasure, and the widely-used "Nuclear Wintour"
sobriquet is a result of both. She dislikes it enough to have asked ''The New York Times'' not to use it. "There are times I get quite angry", she admitted in ''The September Issue''.
"I think she has been very rude to a lot of people in the past, on her way up — very terse", a friend told the ''Observer''. "She doesn't do small talk. She is never going to be friends with her assistant." A former assistant said, "You definitely did not ride the elevator with her." Unwritten rules imposed by Wintour at the ''Vogue'' offices forbid junior staffers from initiating conversation with her; an editor who greeted her on the elevator was reprimanded by one of Wintour's assistants (She calls that an exaggeration.). A visiting reporter saw a junior staffer appear visibly panicked when she realized she would have to ride the elevator with Wintour. Once a junior editor saw her trip in the hallway, walked past without offering assistance, and was later told she "did ''absolutely'' the right thing."
Even friends admit to some trepidation in her presence. "Anna happens to be a friend of mine", says Barbara Amiel, "a fact which is of absolutely no help in coping with the cold panic that grips me whenever we meet." "I know when to stop pushing her", says Coddington. "She doesn't know when to stop pushing me".
She has often been described as a perfectionist who routinely makes impossible, arbitrary demands of subordinates: "kitchen scissors at work", in the words of one commentator. She once made a junior staffer look through a photographer's trash to find a picture he had refused to give her. In a deleted scene from ''The September Issue'' she complains about the "horrible white plastic buckets" of ice behind the bars at the CFDA's 7th on Sale AIDS benefit and moves them out of sight. "The notion that Anna would want something done 'now' and not 'shortly' is accurate", Amiel says of ''The Devil Wears Prada.'' "Anna wants what she wants right away." A longtime assistant says, "She throws you in the water and you'll either sink or swim."
Peter Braunstein, the former ''Women's Wear Daily'' media reporter later convicted of sexually assaulting a coworker, allegedly planned to kill Wintour because of perceived slights. After receiving only one ticket to the 2002 ''Vogue'' Fashion Awards, which he perceived as a snub, he became so angry that ''WWD'' fired him. At his 2007 trial, prosecutors introduced as evidence a journal he kept on his computer in which he stated his intention to kill her. In it he wrote, "She just never talked to peons like us" to justify his intended actions.
On one occasion she has had to pay for her treatment of employees. In 2004, a court ruled that she and Shaffer were to pay $104,403, and Wintour herself an additional $32,639, to settle a lawsuit brought against them by the New York State Workers' Compensation Board. They had failed to pay the $140,000 it incurred on behalf of a former employee injured on the job who did not have the necessary insurance coverage.
In the 2000s, her relationship with Bryan was credited with softening her personality at work. "Even when she's in a bad mood, she has a different posture", someone described as a "Wintour watcher" told the ''New York Observer''. "The consensus is that she's so much more mellow and easier to work for because she's probably getting laid."
Pro-fur stance
She has often been the target of
animal rights organizations like
PETA, who are angered by her use of fur in ''Vogue'', her pro-fur editorials and her refusal to run paid advertisements from animal rights organizations. Undeterred, she continues to use fur in photo spreads, saying there's always a way to wear it. "Nobody was wearing fur until she put it on the cover in the early 1990s", says
Neiman Marcus Group CEO
Burton Tansky. "She ignited the entire industry."
She has "lost count" of the times she has been physically attacked by activists. In Paris in October 2005, she was hit with a tofu pie while waiting to get into the Chlo?© show. On another occasion an activist dumped a dead raccoon on her plate at a restaurant; she told the waiter to remove it. She and ''Vogue'' publisher Ron Galotti once retaliated for a protest outside the Cond?© Nast offices during the company's annual Christmas party by sending down a plate of roast beef.
Others outside of the animal-rights community have raised the fur issue. Braunstein wrote in his manifesto that she would go to a hell guarded by large rats, where it would be so warm she wouldn't need to wear fur. Pamela Anderson, in an early 2008 interview, said Wintour was the living person she most despised "because she bullies young designers and models to use and wear fur."
Elitism
Another common criticism of Wintour's editorship focuses on ''Vogue''
's increasing use of celebrities on the cover, and her insistence on making them meet her standards. She reportedly told
Oprah Winfrey to lose weight before her cover photograph. Likewise,
Hillary Clinton was told not to wear a blue suit. At the 2005 Anglomania celebration, a ''Vogue''-sponsored salute to British fashion at the Met, Wintour is said to have personally chosen the clothes for prominent attendees such as
Jennifer Lopez,
Kate Moss,
Donald Trump and
Diane von F?¼rstenberg. "I don't think
Vreeland had that kind of concentration", says ''WWD'' publisher Patrick McCarthy. "She wouldn't have dressed
Babe Paley. Nor would Babe Paley have let her." By persuading designers to loan clothes to prominent
socialites and celebrities, who are then photographed wearing the clothes not only in ''Vogue'' but more general-interest magazines like ''
People'' and ''
Us'', which in turn influence what buyers want, some in the industry believe Wintour is exerting too much control over it, especially since she is not involved in making or producing clothes herself. "The end result is that Anna can control it all the way to the selling floor", says Candy Pratts Price, executive fashion director at
style.com. She has been credited with killing
grunge fashion in the early 1990s, when it wasn't selling well, by telling designers if they continued to avoid glamour their looks would not be photographed for ''Vogue''. All complied.
Another ''Vogue'' writer has complained Wintour excluded ordinary working women, many of whom are regular subscribers, from the pages. "She's obsessed only about reflecting the aspirations of a certain class of reader", she says. "We once had a piece about
breast cancer which started with an
airline stewardess, but she wouldn't have a stewardess in the magazine so we had to go and look for a high-flying businesswoman who'd had cancer."
Wintour has been accused of setting herself apart even from peers. "I do not think fiction could surpass the reality", a British fashion magazine editor says of ''The Devil Wears Prada.'' "[A]rt in this instance is only a poor imitation of life." Wintour, the editor says, routinely requests to be seated out of sight of competing editors at shows. "We spend our working lives telling people which it-bag to carry but Anna is so above the rest of us she does not even have a handbag."
Her successful request that key shows at the 2008 Milan Fashion Week be rescheduled for earlier in the week so she and other U.S.-based editors could have time to return home before the Paris shows led to complaints. Other editors said they had to rush through the earlier shows, and lesser-known designers who had to show later were denied an important audience. Dolce & Gabbana said Italian fashion was getting short shrift and Milan was becoming a "circus without sense."
Giorgio Armani, who at the time was co-chairing a Met exhibition on superheroes' costumes with Wintour, drew some attention for his cutting personal remarks. "Maybe what she thinks is a beautiful dress, I wouldn't think was a beautiful dress", he said. While he claimed he couldn't understand why people disliked her, saying he himself was indifferent, he expressed hope she hadn't made a comment once attributed to her "the Armani era is over." He accused her of preferring French and American fashion over Italian. Geoffrey Beene, who stopped inviting Wintour to shows after she stopped writing about him, called her "a boss lady in four-wheel drive who ignores or abandons those who do not fuel her tank. As an editor, she has turned class into mass, taste into waste".
Her remarks about obesity have caused controversy on more than one occasion. In 2005, Wintour was heavily criticized by the New York chapter of the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance after ''Vogue'' editor-at-large Andr?© Leon Talley said on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', at one point, Wintour demanded he lose weight. "Most of the ''Vogue'' girls are so thin, tremendously thin" he said, "because Miss Anna don't like fat people." In 2009, residents of Minneapolis took umbrage after she told ''60 Minutes'' she could "only kindly describe most of the people I saw as little houses." They noted their city had been named the third fittest in the nation that year by ''Men's Fitness'' while New York had been named the fifth fattest.
Responses
Defenses of Wintour have often come from others. Amanda Fortini at ''
Slate'' said she was comfortable with Wintour's elitism since that was intrinsic to fashion:
Emma Brockes sees this in Wintour herself: "[Her] unwavering ability to look as if she lives within the pages of her magazine has a sort of honesty to it, proof that, whatever one thinks about it, the lifestyle peddled by Vogue is at least physically possible."
Some friends see her purported coldness as just traditional British reserve, Wintour describes herself as shy, and Harry Connick Jr., who escorted her and Bee to shows in 2007, agrees. When Morley Safer asked her about complaints about her personality, she said
She has made similar statements in defense of her reported refusal to hire fat people. "It's important to me that the people that are working here, particularly in the fashion department", she says, "will present themselves in a way that makes sense to the outside world that they work at ''Vogue''"
Her defenders have called criticism sexist. "Powerful women in the media always get inspected more thoroughly than their male counterparts", said ''The New York Times'' in a piece about Wintour shortly after ''The Devil Wears Prada'''s release. When she took over at ''Vogue'', gossip columnist Liz Smith reported rumors she had gotten the job through an affair with Si Newhouse. A reportedly furious Wintour made her anger the subject of one of her first staff meetings. She still complained about it when accepting a media award in 2002.
She has been called a feminist whose changes to ''Vogue'' have reflected, acknowledged and reinforced advances in the status of women. Reviewing Oppenheimer's book in ''The Washington Monthly'', managing editor Christina Larson notes ''Vogue'', unlike many other women's magazines,
Wintour, unlike Vreeland, "...shifted ''Vogue'''s focus from the cult of beauty to the cult of the creation of beauty". To her, the focus on celebrities is a welcome development as it means women are making the cover of ''Vogue'' at least in part for what they have accomplished, not just how they look.
Complaints about her role as fashion ''eminence grise'' are dismissed by those familiar with how she actually exercises it. "She's honest. She tells you what she thinks. Yes is yes and no is no", according to Karl Lagerfeld. "She's not too pushy" agrees Fran?§ois-Henri Pinault, chief executive officer of PPR, Gucci's parent company. "She lets you know it's not a problem if you can't do something she wants." Defenders also point out she continued supporting Gucci despite her strong belief PPR should not have let Tom Ford go. Designers such as Alice Roi and Isabel Toledo have flourished without indulging Wintour or ''Vogue.'' Her willingness to throw her weight around has helped keep ''Vogue'' independent despite its heavy reliance on advertising dollars. Wintour was the only fashion editor who refused to follow an Armani ultimatum to feature more of its clothes in the magazine's editorial pages, although she has also admitted if she has to choose between two dresses, one by an advertiser and the other not, she will choose the former every time. "Commercial is not a dirty word to me".
In response to criticisms like Beene's, she has defended the democratization of what were once exclusive luxury brands. "It means more people are going to get better fashion", she told Dana Thomas. "And the more people who can have fashion, the better".
References
Works cited
Horyn, Cathy; February 1, 2007; "Citizen Anna"; ''The New York Times''. Retrieved February 2, 2007.
Oppenheimer, Jerry; ''Front Row: The Cool Life and Hot Times of Vogue's Editor In Chief'', St. Martin's Press, New York, 2005, ISBN 0-312-32310-7
Weisberger, Lauren; ''The Devil Wears Prada'', Broadway Books, New York 2003, ISBN 0-7679-1476-7
External links
Magazine Editing in Postmodern Times: Anna Wintour an Iconic Postmodern Editor at proof-reading.org
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![Prudential Center, under construction in June 2007.A seven-acre site[9] for the arena in downtown Newark was selected, bordered by Edison Place on the north, Lafayette Street on the south, Mulberry Street on the east, and Broad Street on the west.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120510015506/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/8b/96/3bb8d812589a61dd6fb404d658d2_medium.jpg "Prudential Center, under construction in June 2007.A seven-acre site[9] for the arena in downtown Newark was selected, bordered by Edison Place on the north, Lafayette Street on the south, Mulberry Street on the east, and Broad Street on the west.")
![The white mulberry (Morus alba) is a short-lived, fast-growing, small to medium sized mulberry tree, which grows to 10–20 m tall. The species is native to northern China, and is widely cultivated (and even naturalized) elsewhere.[1][2] It is also known as Tuta in Sanskrit and Tuti in Marathi.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120510015506/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/52/2c/9374514087d5d7088662843b07be_medium.jpg "The white mulberry (Morus alba) is a short-lived, fast-growing, small to medium sized mulberry tree, which grows to 10–20 m tall. The species is native to northern China, and is widely cultivated (and even naturalized) elsewhere.[1][2] It is also known as Tuta in Sanskrit and Tuti in Marathi.")
