Coordinates

41°52′55″N87°37′40″N

{{infobox u.s. state |name

Indiana |ElectoralVotes 11 |Fullname State of Indiana |Flag Flag of Indiana.svg |Flaglink Flag |Seal Indiana-StateSeal.svg |Map Map of USA IN.svg |Nickname The Hoosier State |Former Indiana Territory |Demonym Hoosier |Motto The Crossroads of America |Capital Indianapolis |LargestCity capital |LargestMetro Indianapolis metropolitan area |Governor Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. (R) |Lieutenant Governor Becky Skillman (R) |Legislature General Assembly |Upperhouse Senate |Lowerhouse House of Representatives |Senators Richard Lugar (R)Dan Coats (R) |Representative 6 Republicans, 3 Democrats |PostalAbbreviation IN |OfficialLang English |Languages General American English, Midwestern and Southern English Dialects, Other Languages |AreaRank 38th |TotalAreaUS 36,418 |TotalArea 94,321 |LandAreaUS 35,868 |LandArea 92,897 |WaterAreaUS 550 |WaterArea 1,424 |PCWater 1.5 |PopRank 15th |2000Pop 6,483,802 |DensityRank 18th |2000DensityUS 181.0 |2000Density 69.79 |Total GDP Rank 16th |Total GDP 248,915 (2006) |Per Capita GDP Rank 33rd |Per capita GDP 38,037 (2005) |AdmittanceOrder 19th |AdmittanceDate December 11, 1816 |TimeZone Eastern UTC-5/-4 |TZ1Where 80 counties |TimeZone2 Central: UTC-6/-5 |TZ2Where 12 counties in Evansville and Gary Metro Areas ''For more information, see Time in Indiana'' |Latitude 37° 46′ N to 41° 46′ N |Longitude 84° 47′ W to 88° 6′ W |WidthUS 140 |Width 225 |LengthUS 270 |Length 435 |HighestPoint Hoosier Hill Franklin Township, Wayne County |HighestElevUS 1,257 |HighestElev 383 |MeanElevUS 689 |MeanElev 210 |LowestPoint Ohio River and mouth of Wabash River Point Township, Posey County |LowestElevUS 320 |LowestElev 98 |ISOCode US-IN |Website www.in.gov }}

name	Indiana
flag	Flag of Indiana.svg
seal	Indiana state seal.png
nickname	The Hoosier State
motto	The Crossroads of America
award	Sagamore of the Wabash
capital	Indianapolis
beverage	Water
bird	Cardinal
flower	Peony
holidays	George Rogers Clark Day, February 25 (1779); Northwest Ordinance Day, July 13 (1787); Indiana Day, December 11 (1816)
language	English
lincense plate	2008RegularIndiana.jpg
name origin	Land of the Indians
pie	Hoosier Pie (Sugar cream pie)
poem	"Indiana"
stone	Limstone
quarter	2002 IN Proof.png
quarterreleasedate	2002
river	Wabash River
tree	Tulip tree
slogan	Restart your Engines
song	"On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away"
soil	Miami
route marker	Indiana 67.svg }}

Indiana () is a U.S. state, admitted to the United States as the 19^th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15^th in population and 18^th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38^th in land area and is the smallest state in the continental US west of the Appalachian Mountains. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis, the second largest of any state capital and largest state capital east of the Mississippi River.

Before it became a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Angel Mounds State Historic Site, one of the best preserved ancient earthwork mound sites in the United States, can be found in Southwestern Indiana near Evansville.

Residents of Indiana are known as Hoosiers. The derivation of the term is disputed, but one hypothesis has "Hoosier" originating from a frontier greeting, a corruption of "Who's here?" The state's name means "Land of the Indians," or simply "Indian Land." This name dates back to at least the 1760s but was first applied to the region by the United States Congress when the Indiana Territory was incorporated in 1800, separating it from the Northwest Territory.

Today, Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $214 billion in 2005. Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns. Indiana is home to several major sports teams and athletic events including the NFL's Indianapolis Colts, the NBA's Indiana Pacers, the WNBA’s Indiana Fever, and the Indianapolis 500 and Brickyard 400 motorsports races. The state also has several NCAA Division I athletic programs, notably the Indiana Hoosiers, Purdue Boilermakers, Notre Dame Fighting Irish, and Butler Bulldogs.

Furthermore, the state has several universities ranked among the best in U.S. News & World Report's 2011 rankings. Indiana University, Purdue University, and the University of Notre Dame are ranked among the top 50 in the National Universities Rankings, while Butler University, Valparaiso University and the University of Evansville are ranked among the top 10 in the Regional University Midwest Rankings.

History

The first people to live in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, ingressing about 8000 BC after the melting of the glaciers at the conclusion of the Ice Age. Divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as Mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking. The subsequent phase of Indiana's Native American antiquity is called the Archaic period, which occurred between 5000 and 4000 BC. They differed from the Paleo-Indians in that they used new tools and techniques to prepare food. Such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They also used ground stone tools such as stone axes, woodworking tools and grinding stones. During the latter part of the period, mounds and middens were created, indicating that their settlements were becoming more permanent. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC. Afterwards, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, ceramics and pottery were created as well as the increase of usage in horticulture. An early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began exploration of long-range trade of goods. Nearing the end of the stage, an exhaustive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture to grow crops such as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD. The incoming period afterwards was known as the Mississippian period, which lasted from 1000 until just before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, large settlements were created that had similarities to towns, such as the Angel Mounds. They had large public areas such as plazas and platform mounds, where instrumental individuals of the settlement lived or conducted rituals. Mississippian civilization collapsed in Indiana during the mid-1400s for reasons that remain unclear. French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle was the first European to cross into Indiana after reaching present-day South Bend at the Saint Joseph River in 1679. He returned the following year to gain knowledge of northern Indiana. Canadiens fur traders also came along and brought blankets, jewelry, tools, whiskey and weapons to trade for skins with the Native Americans. By 1702, the first trading post was establihed by Sieur Juchereau near Vincennes. In 1715, Sieur de Vincennes built Fort Miami at Kekionga, now Fort Wayne. In 1717, another Canadien, Picote de Beletre, built Fort Ouiatenon on the Wabash River, with the efforts to control Native American trade routes from Lake Erie to the Mississippi River. In 1732, Sieur de Vincennes built a second fur trading post at Vincennes. Canadien settlers, which had left the earlier post because of hostilities, came back in larger numbers. In a period of a few years however, the British arrived and contended against the Canadians for management of the fruitful fur trade. Fighting between the Canadians and British occurred throughout the 1750s as a result.

The Native American tribes of Indiana sided with the Canadians during the French and Indian War. By the conclusion of the war in 1763, the French had lost all land west of the colonies, and control had been ceded to the British crown. Neighboring tribes in Indiana, however, did not give up and destroyed Fort Ouiatenon and Fort Miami during Pontiac's Rebellion. The royal proclamation of 1763 ceded the land west of the Appalachians for Indian use, and was thus labeled Indian territory. In 1775, the American Revolutionary War began as the colonists looked to free themselves from British rule. The majority of the fighting took place in the east, but military officer George Rogers Clark called for an army to help fight the British in the west. Clark's army won significant battles to overtake Vincennes and Fort Sackville on February 25, 1779. During the war, Clark managed to cut off British troops who were attacking the colonist from the west. His success is often credited for changing the course of the American Revolutionary War. At the end of the revolutionary war, through the treaty of Paris, the British crown ceded their claims to the land south of the Great Lakes to the newly formed United States.

Present-day Indiana became part of the Northwest Territory in 1787. In 1800, Ohio was separated from the Northwest Territory by Congress, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the governor of the territory and Vincennes was established as the capital. After Michigan was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, the size of Indiana was reduced to its current state. In 1810, Shawnee leader Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa encouraged other tribes to resist European settlement into the territory. Tensions rose and Harrison was authorized to launch a preemptive expedition against Tecumseh's Confederacy resulting in a US victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe on November 7, 1811. Tecumseh was killed in 1813 during the Battle of Thames. After his death, armed resistance to United States control ended in the region. Most Native Americans in the state were later removed through negotiations to purchase their lands in the 1820s and 1830s.

In December 1813, Corydon became the second capital of the Indiana Territory. Two years later, a petition for statehood was approved by the territorial general assembly and sent to Congress. Afterwards, an Enabling Act was passed to provide an election of delegates to write a constitution for Indiana. On June 10, 1816, delegates assembled at Corydon to write the constitution, which was completed in nineteen days. President James Madison approved Indiana's admission into the union as the nineteenth state on December 11, 1816. In 1825, the state capital was moved from Corydon to Indianapolis and 26 years later, a second constitution was adopted. Following statehood, the new government set out on an ambitious plan to transform Indiana from a wilderness frontier into a developed, well-populated, and thriving state, beginning significant demographic and economic changes. The state's founders initiated a program that led to the construction of roads, canals, railroads and state-funded public schools. The plans bankrupted the state and were a financial disaster, but increased land and produce value more than fourfold. The early nineteenth century saw much immigration to Indiana. The largest immigrant group to settle in Indiana were Germans, though there were also substantial amounts of immigrants from Ireland and England as well as Americans who were ethnically English from regions such as New York, New England and Pennsylvania. During the American Civil War, Indiana became politically influential and played an important role in the affairs of the nation. As the first western state to mobilize for the war, Indiana's soldiers were present in all of the major engagements during the war. Indiana residents were present in both the first and last battles and the state provided 126 infantry regiments, 26 batteries of artillery and 13 regiments of cavalry to the cause of the Union. In 1861, Indiana was assigned a quota of 7,500 men to join the Union Army. So many volunteered in the first call that thousands had to be turned away. Before the war ended, Indiana contributed 208,367 men to fight and serve in the war. Casualties were over 35% among these men: 24,416 lost their lives in the conflict and over 50,000 more were wounded. The only Civil War battle fought in Indiana was the Battle of Corydon, which occurred during Morgan's Raid. The battle left 15 dead, 40 wounded, and 355 captured.

Following the American Civil War, Indiana industry began to grow at an accelerated rate across the northern part of the state leading to the formation of labor unions and suffrage movements. The Indiana Gas Boom led to rapid industrialization during the late 19th century by providing cheap fuel to the region. In the early 20th century, Indiana developed into a strong manufacturing state with strong ties to the auto industry. Haynes-Apperson, the nations first commercially successful auto company operated in Kokomo until 1925. The state also saw many developments with the construction of Indianapolis Motor Speedway and the start many other auto industries. During the 1930s, Indiana, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the Great Depression. The economic downturn had a wide-ranging negative impact on Indiana, such as the decline of urbanization. The situation was aggravated by the Dust Bowl, which caused an influx of migrants from the rural Midwestern United States. Governor Paul V. McNutt's administration struggled to build a state-funded welfare system to help the overwhelmed private charities. During his administration, spending and taxes were both cut drastically in response to the depression and the state government was completely reorganized. McNutt also ended Prohibition in the state and enacted the state's first income tax. On several occasions, he declared martial law to put an end to worker strikes. World War II helped lift the economy in Indiana, as the war required steel, food and other goods that were produced in Indiana. Roughly 10 percent of Indiana's population joined the armed forces while hundreds of industries earned war production contracts and began making war material. The effects of the war helped end the Great Depression.

With the conclusion of World War II, Indiana rebounded to levels of production prior to the Great Depression. Industry became the primary employer, a trend that continued into the 1960s. Urbanization during the 1950s and 1960s led to substantial growth in the state's urban centers. The auto, steel and pharmaceutical industries topped Indiana's major businesses. Indiana's population continued to grow during the years after the war, exceeding five million by the 1970 census. In the 1960s, the administration of Matthew E. Welsh adopted its first sales tax of two percent. Indiana schools had been desegregated in 1949. Welsh also worked with the General Assembly to pass the Indiana Civil Rights Bill, granting equal protection to minorities in seeking employment. Beginning in 1970, a series of amendments to the state constitution were proposed. With adoption, the Indiana Court of Appeals was created and the procedure of appointing justices on the courts was adjusted. The 1973 oil crisis created a recession that hurt the automotive industry in Indiana. Companies like Delco Electronics and Delphi began a long series of downsizing that contributed to high unemployment rates in manufacturing in Anderson, Muncie, and Kokomo. The deindustrialization trend continued until the 1980s when the national and state economy began to diversify and recover.

Geography

With a total area of , Indiana ranks as the 38th largest state in size. The state has a maximum dimension north to south of and a maximum east to west dimension of . The state is bordered on the north by Michigan, on the east by Ohio and on the west by Illinois. The Ohio River separates Indiana from Kentucky on the southern border. Indiana is one of eight states that make up the Great Lakes region. The state includes two natural regions of the United States, the Central Lowland and the Interior Low Plateau. The average altitude of Indiana is about above sea level. The highest point in the state is Hoosier Hill, which is above sea level. Only have an altitude greater than and this area is enclosed within 14 counties. About have an elevation of less than .

The till plains make up the central allotment of Indiana. Much of its appearance is a result of elements left behind by glaciers. The area includes some low hills and the soil is composed of glacial sands, gravel and clay, which results to exceptional farmland in central Indiana. The unglaciated segment of the state carries a different and off-balance surface, characterized in places by profound valleys and expeditious streams. A limited area in the southeastern area of the state possesses these types of characteristics. The soil is fertile in the valleys of Indiana, most notably Whitewater Valley which is known for its prodigious farming. In northwest Indiana, there are various sand hills and dunes, due in some measure to a former extension of the lake and wind action. In the basin of the Kankakee River there is an extensive scope of lakes, marshes and prairies. In northeastern Indiana there is a region of tall moraines, one of which is 200 to 500 feet (61 to 150 m) deep, wide and stretching across a distance of .

The Wabash River, which is the longest free-flowing river east of the Mississippi, is the official river of Indiana. At 475 miles (764 km) in length, the river bisects the state from northeast to southwest before flowing south, mostly along the Indiana-Illinois border. The river has been the subject of several songs, such as ''On the Banks of the Wabash'', ''The Wabash Cannonball'' and ''Back Home Again, In Indiana''.

The Kankakee River passes through northern Indiana before emptying into the Illinois River and serves as a demarcating line between suburban northwest Indiana and the rest of the state. There are over 1,000 lakes in Indiana. Indiana borders Lake Michigan where the Port of Indiana operates the state's largest shipping port. Tippecanoe Lake is the deepest lake in the state reaching depths at nearly while Lake Wawasee is the largest natural lake in Indiana.

Climate

Indiana has a humid continental climate, with cool winters and warm, irriguous summers. The extreme southern portion of the state is within the humid subtropical climate area and receives more precipitation than other parts of Indiana. Temperatures generally diverge from the north and south sections of the state. In the middle of the winter, average high/low temperatures range from around 30°F/15°F (−1°C/-10°C) in the far north to 39°F/22°F (4°C/-6°C) in the far south. In the middle of summer there is generally a little less variation across the state, as average high/low temperatures range from around 84°F/64°F (29°C/18°C) in the far north to 90°F/69°F (32°C/21°C) in the far south. The record high temperature for the state was 116°F (47°C) set on July 14, 1936 at Collegeville. The record low was −36°F (−38°C) on January 19, 1994 at New Whiteland. The growing season typically spans from 155 days in the north and 185 days in the south. While droughts occasionally occur in the state, rainfall totals are administered relatively equally throughout the year. Precipitation totals range from near Lake Michigan to along the Ohio River, with the state average being . The annual snowfall in Indiana varies widely across the state, ranging from in the northwest along Lake Michigan to in the far south. Lake effect snow accounts for roughly half of the snowfall in northwest and northcentral Indiana, due to the effects of the moisture and relative warmth of Lake Michigan upwind. The mean wind speed is . Indiana is one of the most tornado-prone states in the country, ranking sixth in a list by VorTek, an Alabama company. The city of South Bend was ranked the 14th most tornado-prone city in the country, ahead of cities such as Houston and Wichita. The same company also published a list of the most tornado prone cities and states in April, with Indiana coming in first and South Bend ranking 16th. Despite its vulnerability, Indiana is not a part of tornado alley.

>

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annum
2.48	2.27	3.36	3.89	4.46	4.19	4.22	3.91	3.12	3.02	3.44	3.13	41.49

Time zones

Indiana is one of thirteen U.S. states that is divided into more than one time zone. Indiana's time zones have fluctuated over the past century. At present most of the state observes Eastern Time; six counties near Chicago and six near Evansville observe Central Time. Debate continues on the matter.

Before 2006, most of Indiana did not observe daylight saving time (DST). Some counties within this area, particularly Floyd, Clark, and Harrison counties near Louisville, Kentucky, and Ohio and Dearborn counties near Cincinnati, Ohio, unofficially observed DST by local custom. Since April 2006 the entire state observes DST. Although DST is supposed to save energy, a 2008 study of billing data before and after the change in 2006 concluded that residential electricity consumption had increased by 1% to 4%, primarily due to extra afternoon cooling and increased the state's electrical bill by approximately $1,000,000 dollars annually.

Geographic and statistical areas

Indiana is divided into 92 counties. Only one, Marion, is a consolidated city-county.Vanderburgh is attempting to consolidate with Evansville, subject to a 2010 ballot.

Important cities and towns

Indianapolis, the current capital of Indiana is the third capital in the history of the state. The territorial capitals were Vincennes and later Corydon which became the first state capital when Indiana became a state. The center of population in Indiana as well as the geographic center of Indiana are both located near Indianapolis. Indiana has four large metropolitan areas anchored by in-state cities; Pictured below are the cities larger than 60,000 in order of population with their most current population estimates from the 2010 United States Census.

{| |- |valign="top"| Major Cities (population > 100,000)

Indianapolis

Fort Wayne

Evansville

South Bend

Secondary Cities (population > 25,000)

Anderson

Bloomington

Carmel

Columbus

Crown Point

East Chicago

Elkhart

Fishers

Gary

Goshen

Greenwood

Hammond

Hobart

Jeffersonville

Kokomo

Lafayette

Lawrence

Marion

Merrillville

Michigan City

Mishawaka

Muncie

New Albany

Noblesville

Plainfield

Portage

Richmond

Schererville

Terre Haute

Valparaiso

West Lafayette

|valign="top"| |}

Demographics

Population

As of 2010, there were 6,483,802 people residing in the state. The population density was 181.0 persons per square mile. The racial makeup of the state was 84.3% White, 9.1% African American, 1.6% Asian, 2.0% from a biracial or multiracial background and 0.3% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race made up 6.0% of the population. The Hispanic population is Indiana’s fastest growing minority. In the state, 24.9% of the population are under the age of 18, 6.9% are under the age of five and 12.8% are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36.4 years. In 2005, 77.7% of Indiana residents lived in metropolitan counties, 16.5% lived in micropolitan counties and 5.9% lived in non-core counties.

German is the largest ancestry reported in Indiana, with 22.7% of the population reporting that ancestry in the Census. Persons citing American (12.0%) and English ancestry (8.9%) are also numerous, as are Irish (10.8%) and Polish (3.0%). Most of those citing American ancestry are actually of English descent, but have family that has been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early colonial era, that they identify simply as "American".

The center of population of Indiana is located in Hamilton County, in the town of Sheridan. Population growth since 1990 has been concentrated in the counties surrounding Indianapolis, with four of the top five fastest-growing counties in that area: Hamilton, Hendricks, Johnson, and Hancock. The other county is Dearborn County, which is near Cincinnati. Hamilton County has also been the fastest growing county in the area consisting of Indiana and its bordering states of Illinois, Michigan, Ohio and Kentucky and the 20th fastest growing county in the country.

In 2005, the median household income for Indiana residents was $43,993. Nearly 498,700 Indiana households had incomes from $50,000 to $74,999, accounting for 20% of all households. Hamilton County’s median household income is nearly $35,000 higher than the Indiana average. At $78,932, it ranks seventh in the country among counties with less than 250,000 people. The next highest median incomes in Indiana are also found in the Indianapolis suburbs; Hendricks County has a median of $57,538, followed by Johnson County at $56,251.

Religion

Although the largest single religious denomination in the state is Roman Catholic (836,009 members), most of the population are members of various Protestant denominations. The largest Protestant denomination by number of adherents in 2000 was the United Methodist Church with 288,308. A study by the Graduate Center found that 20 percent are Roman Catholic, 14 percent belong to different Baptist churches, 10 percent are other Christians, nine percent are Methodist, and six percent are Lutheran. The study also found that 16 percent are secular.

Indiana is home to the St. Meinrad Archabbey, one of two archabbeys in the United States and one of 11 in the world. The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod has one of its two seminaries in Fort Wayne, IN. Two conservative denominations, the Free Methodist Church and the Wesleyan Church, have their headquarters in Indianapolis as does the Christian Church. The Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches maintains offices and publishing work in Winona Lake. Huntington serves as the home to the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Anderson is home to the headquarters of the Church of God. The headquarters of the Missionary Church is located in Fort Wayne. The Friends United Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, the largest branch of American Quakerism, is based in Richmond, which also houses the oldest Quaker seminary in the United States, the Earlham School of Religion. The Islamic Society of North America is headquartered in Plainfield. Indiana has 100,000 Muslims and 17,000 Jews.

Cities and towns

With a population of 829,817, Indianapolis is by far the largest city in Indiana and 11th largest in the United States (when looking at its consolidated population within Marion County), according to the 2010 Census. Three other cities in Indiana have a population greater than 100,000: Fort Wayne (253,617), Evansville (179,703) and South Bend (101,168). Since 2000, Fishers has seen the largest population rise amongst the state’s 20 largest cities with an increase of 100 percent. Hammond and Gary have seen the largest population declines regarding the top 20 largest cities since 2000, with a decrease of 6.8 and 21.0 percent respectively. Other cities that have seen extensive growth since 2000 are Noblesville (39.4 percent), Greenwood (81 percent), Carmel (21.4 percent) and Lawrence (9.3 percent). Meanwhile, Evansville (−4.2 percent), Anderson (−4 percent) and Muncie (−3.9 percent) are cities that have seen the steepest decline in population in the state. Indianapolis has the largest metropolitan area in the state and 33rd largest in the country. It consists of Marion County and eight surrounding counties in central Indiana. Altogether there are 13 metropolitan areas in Indiana.

Law and government

The Governor of Indiana serves as the chief executive of the state and has the authority to manage the government as established in the Constitution of Indiana. The governor and the lieutenant governor are jointly elected to four-year terms, with gubernatorial elections running concurrent with United States presidential elections (1996,2000,2004,2008, etc.). The governor may not serve more than two consecutive terms. The governor works with the Indiana General Assembly and the Supreme Court of Indiana to govern the state and has the authority to adjust the other branches. Special sessions of the General Assembly can be called upon by the governor as well as have the power to select and remove leaders of nearly all state departments, boards and commissions. Other notable powers include calling out the Indiana Guard Reserve or the Indiana National Guard in times of emergency or disaster, issuing pardons or commuting the sentence of any criminal offenders except in cases of treason or impeachment and possessing an abundant amount of statutory authority. The lieutenant governor serves as the President of the Senate and is responsible for ensuring that the senate rules are acted in accordance with by its constituents. The lieutenant governor can only vote to break ties. If the governor dies in office, becomes permanently incapacitated, resigns or is impeached, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. If both the governor and lieutenant governor positions are unoccupied, the Senate President pro tempore becomes governor.

The Indiana General Assembly is composed of a 50-member Senate and 100-member House of Representatives. The Senate is the upper house of the General Assembly and the House of Representatives is the lower house. The General Assembly has exclusive legislative authority within the state government. Both the Senate and House of Representatives can introduce legislation, with the exception that the Senate is not authorized to initiate legislation that will affect revenue. Bills are debated and passed separately in each house, but must be passed by both houses before they can submitted to the Governor. The legislature can nullify a veto from the governor with a majority vote of full membership in the Senate and House of Representatives. Each law passed by the General Assembly must be used without exception to the entire state. The General Assembly has no authority to create legislation that targets only a particular community. The General Assembly can manage the state's judiciary system by arranging the size of the courts and the bounds of their districts. It also can oversee the activities of the executive branch of the state government, has restricted power to regulate the county governments within the state, and has exclusive power to initiate the method to alter the Indiana Constitution.

The Indiana Supreme Court is made up of five judges with a Court of Appeals composed of 15 judges. The governor selects judges for the supreme and appeal courts from a group of applicants chosen by a special commission. After serving for two years, the judges must acquire the support of the electorate to serve for a 10-year term. In nearly all cases, the Supreme Court does not have original jurisdiction and can only hear cases that are petitioned to the court following being heard in lower courts. Local circuit courts are where the majority of cases begin with a trial and the consequence decided by the jury. The Supreme Court does have original and sole jurisdiction in certain specific areas including the practice of law, discipline or disbarment of Judges appointed to the lower state courts, and supervision over the exercise of jurisdiction by the other lower courts of the State.

The state is divided into 92 counties, which are led by a board of county commissioners. 90 counties in Indiana have their own circuit court with a judge elected for a six-year term. The remaining two counties, Dearborn and Ohio, are combined into one circuit. Many counties operate superior courts in addition to the circuit court. In densely populated counties where the caseload is traditionally greater, separate courts have been established to solely hear either juvenile, criminal, probate or small claims cases. The establishment, frequency and jurisdiction of these additional courts varies greatly from county to county. There are 85 city and town courts in Indiana municipalities, created by local ordinance, typically handling minor offenses and not considered courts of record. County officials that are elected to four-year terms include an auditor, recorder, treasurer, sheriff, coroner and clerk of the circuit court. All incorporated cities in Indiana have a mayor and council form of municipal government. Towns are governed by a town council and townships are governed by a township trustee and advisory board.

Politics

+ Presidential elections results
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From 1880 to 1924, a resident of Indiana was included in all but one presidential election. Indiana Representative William Hayden English was nominated for Vice-President and ran with Winfield Scott Hancock in the 1880 election. In 1884, former Indiana Governor Thomas A. Hendricks was elected Vice-President of the United States. He served until his death on November 25, 1885, under President Grover Cleveland. In 1888, Indiana Senator Benjamin Harrison was elected President of the United States and served one term. He remains the only U.S. President from Indiana. Indiana Senator Charles W. Fairbanks was elected Vice-President in 1904, serving under President Theodore Roosevelt until 1913. Fairbanks made another run for Vice-President with Charles Evans Hughes in 1912, but they both lost to Woodrow Wilson and Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall, who served as Vice-President from 1913 until 1921. Not until 1988 did another presidential election involved a native of Indiana, when Senator Dan Quayle was elected Vice-President and served one term with George H. W. Bush.

Indiana has long been considered to be a Republican stronghold, particularly in Presidential races, but the Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI) now rates Indiana as only R+5, a smaller Republican edge than is assigned to 20 of the 28 "red" states. Indiana was one of only ten states to support Republican Wendell Willkie in 1940. On 14 occasions has the Republican candidate defeated the Democrat by a double digit margin in the state, including six times where a Republican won the state by more than 20%. In 2000 and 2004, George W. Bush won the state by a wide margin while the election was much closer overall. The state has only supported a Democrat for president five times since 1900. In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first Democrat to win the state with 43% of the vote. 20 years later, Franklin D. Roosevelt won the state with 55% of the vote over incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover. Roosevelt won the state again in 1936. In 1964, 56% of voters supported Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson over Republican Barry Goldwater. 44 years later, Democrat Barack Obama narrowly won the state against John McCain 50% to 49%.

While only five Democratic presidential nominees have carried Indiana since 1900, 11 Democrats were elected governor during that time. Before Mitch Daniels became governor in 2005, Democrats had held the office for 16 consecutive years. Indiana elects two senators and nine representatives to Congress. The state has 11 electoral votes in presidential elections. Seven of the districts favor the Republican Party according to the CPVI rankings; there are currently six Republicans serving as representatives and three Democrats. Historically, Republicans have been strongest in the eastern and central portions of the state, while Democrats have been strongest in the northwestern part of the state. Occasionally, certain counties in the southern part of the state will vote Democratic. Marion County, Indiana's most populated county, supported the Republican candidates from 1968 to 2000, before backing the Democrats in the 2004 and 2008 elections. Indiana's second most populated county, Lake County, is a strong supporter of the Democratic party that has not voted for a Republican since 1972. In 2005, the Bay Area Center for Voting Research rated the most liberal and conservative cities in the United States on voting statistics in the 2004 presidential election, based on 237 cities with populations of more than 100,000. Five Indiana cities were mentioned in the study. On the liberal side, Gary was ranked second and South Bend came in at 83. Regarding conservative cities, Fort Wayne was 44th, Evansville was 60th and Indianapolis was 82nd on the list.

Military installations

Indiana used to be home to two major military installations, Grissom Air Force Base near Peru (realigned to an Air Force Reserve installation in 1994) and Fort Benjamin Harrison near Indianapolis, now closed, though the Department of Defense continues to operate a large finance center there (Defense Finance and Accounting Service).

Current active installations include Air National Guard fighter units at Fort Wayne, and Terre Haute airports (to be consolidated at Fort Wayne under the 2005 BRAC proposal, with the Terre Haute facility remaining open as a non-flying installation). The Army National Guard conducts operations at Camp Atterbury in Edinburgh, Indiana, helicopter operations out of Shelbyville Airport and urban training at Muscatatuck Urban Training Center. The Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division is in the southwest of the state and the Army's Newport Chemical Depot, which is currently heavily involved in neutralizing dangerous chemical weapons stored there, is in the western part of the state. Also, Naval Operational Support Center Indianapolis is home to several Navy Reserve units, two Marine Reserve units, and a small contingent of active and full-time-support reserve personnel.

Economy

In 2000, Indiana had a work force of 3,084,100. The total gross state product in 2005 was US$214 billion in 2000 chained dollars. Indiana's per capita income, as of 2005, was US$31,150. A high percentage of Indiana's income is from manufacturing. The Calumet region of northwest Indiana is the largest steel producing area in the U.S. Indiana's other manufactures include pharmaceuticals and medical devices, automobiles, electrical equipment, transportation equipment, chemical products, rubber, petroleum and coal products, and factory machinery.

Despite its reliance on manufacturing, Indiana has been much less affected by declines in traditional Rust Belt manufactures than many of its neighbors. The explanation appears to be certain factors in the labor market. First, much of the heavy manufacturing, such as industrial machinery and steel, requires highly skilled labor, and firms are often willing to locate where hard-to-train skills already exist. Second, Indiana's labor force is located primarily in medium-sized and smaller cities rather than in very large and expensive metropolises. This makes it possible for firms to offer somewhat lower wages for these skills than would normally be paid. Firms often see in Indiana a chance to obtain higher than average skills at lower than average wages.

Indiana is home to the international headquarters and research facilities of pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly in Indianapolis, the state's largest corporation, as well as the world headquarters of Mead Johnson Nutritionals in Evansville. Overall, Indiana ranks fifth among all U.S. states in total sales and shipments of pharmaceutical products and second highest in the number of biopharmaceutical related jobs.

Indiana is located within the U.S. Corn Belt and Grain Belt. The state has a feedlot-style system raising corn to fatten hogs and cattle. Along with corn, soybeans are also a major cash crop. Its proximity to large urban centers, such as Indianapolis and Chicago, assure that dairying, egg production, and specialty horticulture occur. Other crops include melons, tomatoes, grapes, mint, popping corn, and tobacco in the southern counties. Most of the original land was not prairie and had to be cleared of deciduous trees. Many parcels of woodland remain and support a furniture-making sector in the southern portion of the state.

In 2011 Indiana was ranked first in the Midwest and sixth in the country for best places to do business according to CEO magazine.

State budget

Indiana does not have a legal requirement to balance the state budget either in law or its constitution. Instead, Indiana has a constitutional ban on assuming debt. Indiana has a Rainy Day Fund and for healthy reserves proportional to spending. Indiana is one of the few states in the U.S. which do not allow a line-item veto. Indiana does not use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

Indiana has a flat state income tax rate of 3.4%. Many Indiana counties also collect income tax. The state sales tax rate is 7%. Property taxes are imposed on both real and personal property in Indiana and are administered by the Department of Local Government Finance. Property is subject to taxation by a variety of taxing units (schools, counties, townships, cities and towns, libraries), making the total tax rate the sum of the tax rates imposed by all taxing units in which a property is located. However, a "circuit breaker" law enacted on March 19, 2008 limits property taxes to one percent of assessed value for homeowners, two percent for rental properties and farmland and three percent for businesses.

In Fiscal year 2011 Indiana reported one of the largest surpluses among U.S states, with an extra $1.2 billion in its accounts. Gov. Mitch Daniels, a Republican, authorized bonus payments of up to $1,000 for state employees on Friday, July 15, 2011. An employee who “meets expectations” will get $500, those who “exceed expectations” will receive $750 and “outstanding workers” will see an extra $1,000 in their August paychecks

Energy

Indiana's power production chiefly consists of the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly coal. Indiana has 24 coal power plants, including the largest coal power plant in the United States, Gibson Generating Station, located across the Wabash River from Mount Carmel, Illinois. Indiana is a also home to the coal-fired plant with the highest sulfur dioxide emissions in the United States, the Gallagher power plant just west of New Albany. The state has an estimated coal reserves of fifty-seven billion tons; state mining operations produces thirty-five million tons of coal annually. While Indiana has made commitments to increasing use of renewable resources such as wind, hydroelectric, biomass, or solar power, however, progress has been very slow, mainly because of the continued abundance of coal in Southern Indiana. Most of the new plants in the state have been coal gasification plants. Another source is hydroelectric power.

Solar power and wind power are being investigated, and geothermal power is being used commercially. New estimates in 2006 raised the wind capacity for Indiana from 30 MW at 50 m turbine height to 40,000 MW at 70 m, which could double at 100 m, the height of newer turbines. As of the end of June 2008, Indiana has installed 130 MW of wind turbines and has under construction another 400 MW.

;Sources of energy (2009) See below Navbox for individual facilities.

! Fuel	! Capacity	! Percent of Total Consumed	! Percent of Total Production	! Number of Plants/Units
Coal	22,190.5 MW	63 %	88.5 %	28 Plants
Natural Gas	2,100 MW	29 %	10.5 %
Wind (Currently The fastest growing form of energy in Indiana)	530.5 MW 1,836.5 MW when all current wind farms are complete	?	?	4 Farms appx 1,000–1,100 Towers total
Coal Gasification	600 MW	?	?	1 Facility under Construction
Petroleum	575 MW	7.5 %	1.5 %	10 Units
Hydroelectric	64 MW	0.0450 %	0.0100 %	1 Plant
Biomass	28 MW	0.0150 %	0.0020 %	1 Facility
Wood & Waste	18 MW	0.0013 %	0.0015 %	3 Units
	0 MW	0.0 %	0.0	No Facilities at this time
	0 MW	0.0 %	0.0	No Facilities at this time
Total	22,797.5 MW * only includes top number of wind	100%	100%	46 Generating Facilities

Transportation

Airports

Indianapolis International Airport serves the greater Indianapolis area and has finished constructing a new passenger terminal. The new airport opened in November 2008 and offers a new midfield passenger terminal, concourses, air traffic control tower, parking garage, and airfield and apron improvements.

Other major airports include Evansville Regional Airport, Fort Wayne International Airport (which houses the 122d Fighter Wing of the Air National Guard), and South Bend Regional Airport. A long-standing proposal to turn Gary Chicago International Airport into Chicago's third major airport received a boost in early 2006 with the approval of $48 million in federal funding over the next ten years.

The Terre Haute International Airport has no airlines operating out of the facility but is used for private flying. Since 1954, the 181st Fighter Wing of the Indiana Air National Guard has been stationed at the airport. However, the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Proposal of 2005 stated that the 181st would lose its fighter mission and F-16 aircraft, leaving the Terre Haute facility as a general-aviation only facility.

The southern part of the state is also served by the Louisville International Airport across the Ohio River in Louisville, Kentucky. The southeastern part of the state is served by the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport also across the Ohio River in Florence, Kentucky. Most residents Northwest Indiana, which is primarily in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, use the two Chicago airports, O'Hare International Airport and Chicago Midway International Airport.

Highways

In March 2011, Indiana ranked as a bottom-six "Worst" state in the American State Litter Scorecard. The Hoosier State suffers from poor effectiveness and quality of its overall statewide public space cleanliness (primarily from roadway and adjacent litter/debris)--due to state and related eradication standards and performance indicators.

The major U.S. Interstate highways in Indiana are I-64, I-164, I-65, I-265, I-465, I-865, I-69, I-469, I-70, I-74, I-80, I-90, I-94 and I-275. The various highways intersecting in and around Indianapolis, along with its historical status as a major railroad hub, and the canals that once crossed Indiana, are the source of the state's motto, the Crossroads of America.

There are also many state highways maintained by the Indiana Department of Transportation. These are numbered according to the same convention as U.S. Highways. Indiana allows highways of different classifications to have the same number. For example, Interstate 64 and State Road 64 both exist (rather close to each other) in Indiana, but are two distinct roads with no relation to one another.

County roads

Most Indiana counties use a grid-based system to identify county roads; this system replaced the older arbitrary system of road numbers and names, and (among other things) makes it much easier to identify the sources of calls placed to the 9-1-1 system. Such systems are easier to implement in the glacially flattened northern and central portions of the state. Rural counties in the southern third of the state are less likely to have grids and more likely to rely on unsystematic road names (e.g., Crawford, Harrison, Perry, Scott, and Washington Counties); there are also counties in the northern portions of the state that have never implemented a grid, or have only partially implemented one. Some counties are also laid out in an almost diamond-like grid system (e.g. Clark, Floyd, Gibson, and Knox Counties). Such a system is also almost useless in those situations as well. Knox County once operated two different grid systems for county roads because the county was laid out using two different survey grids, but has since decided to use road names and combine roads instead.

Notably, the county road grid system of St. Joseph County, whose major city is South Bend, uses perennial (tree) names (i.e. Ash, Hickory, Ironwood, etc.) in alphabetical order for North-South roads and Presidential and other noteworthy names (i.e. Adams, Edison, Lincoln Way, etc.) in alphabetical order for East-West roads. There are exceptions to this rule in downtown South Bend and Mishawaka.

Rail

Indiana has over 4,255 railroad route miles, of which 91 percent are operated by Class I railroads, principally CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway. Other Class I railroads in Indiana include the Canadian National Railway and Soo Line Railroad, a Canadian Pacific Railway subsidiary, as well as Amtrak. The remaining miles are operated by 37 regional, local, and switching & terminal railroads. The South Shore Line is one of the country's most notable commuter rail systems extending from Chicago to South Bend. Indiana is currently implementing an extensive rail plan that was prepared in 2002 by the Parsons Corporation. Many recreational trails, such as the Monon Trail in Indianapolis, have been created from abandoned rails routes.

Ports

Indiana annually ships over 70 million tons of cargo by water each year, which ranks 14th among all U.S. states. More than half of Indiana's border is water, which includes of direct access to two major freight transportation arteries: the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway (via Lake Michigan) and the Inland Waterway System (via the Ohio River). The Ports of Indiana manages three major ports which include Burns Harbor, Jeffersonville, and Mount Vernon.

Education

Indiana's 1816 constitution was the first in the country to implement a state-funded public school system. It also allotted one township for a public university. However, the plan turned out to be far too idealistic for a pioneer society, as tax money was not accessible for its organization. In the 1840s, Caleb Mills pressed the need for tax-supported schools, and in 1851 his advice was included in the new state constitution. Although the growth of the public school system was held up by legal entanglements, many public elementary schools were in use by 1870. Most children in Indiana attend public schools, but nearly 10% attend private schools and parochial schools. About one-half of all college students in Indiana are enrolled in state-supported four-year schools. The largest institution is Indiana University, the flagship campus of which was endorsed as Indiana Seminary in 1820. Indiana State University was established as the state's Normal School in 1865; Purdue University was chartered as a land-grant college in 1869. The three other independent state universities are Vincennes University (1802), Ball State University (1918) and University of Southern Indiana (1965). Many of the private colleges and universities in Indiana are affiliated with religious groups. The University of Notre Dame and the University of Saint Francis are popular Roman Catholic schools. Universities affiliated with Protestant denominations include Butler University, Taylor University, DePauw University, Earlham College, Valparaiso University, and University of Evansville.

Sports

Professional sports

Indiana has an extensive history with auto racing. Indianapolis hosts the Indianapolis 500 mile race over Memorial Day weekend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway every May. The name of the race is usually shortened to "Indy 500" and also goes by the nickname "The Greatest Spectacle in Racing." The race attracts over 250,000 people every year making it the largest single day sporting event in the world. The track also hosts the Allstate 400 at the Brickyard (NASCAR) and the Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix (MotoGP). From 2000 to 2007, it hosted the United States Grand Prix (Formula One). Indiana is also host to two major unlimited hydroplane racing power boat race circuits in the major H1 Unlimited league: Thunder on the Ohio (Evansville, Indiana) and the Madison Regatta (Madison, Indiana).

Indiana has a rich basketball heritage that reaches back to the formative years of the sport itself. Although James Naismith developed basketball in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891, Indiana is where high school basketball was born. In 1925, Naismith visited an Indiana basketball state finals game along with 15,000 screaming fans and later wrote "Basketball really had its origin in Indiana, which remains the center of the sport." The 1986 film ''Hoosiers'' is inspired by the story of the 1954 Indiana state champions Milan High School.

Indianapolis is home to the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts are members of the South Division of the American Football Conference. The Colts have roots back to 1913 as the Dayton Triangles. They became an official team after moving to Baltimore, MD, in 1953. In 1984, the Colts relocated to Indianapolis, leading to an eventual rivalry with the Baltimore Ravens. After calling the RCA Dome home for 25 years, the Colts currently play their home games at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. While in Baltimore, the Colts won the 1970 Super Bowl. In Indianapolis, the Colts won Super Bowl XLI, bringing the franchise total to two. In recent years the Colts have regularly competed in the NFL playoffs. The major players for the Colts include Peyton Manning, Reggie Wayne, Adam Vinatieri, Dwight Freeney, Robert Mathis, Jeff Saturday, Joseph Addai, and Dominic Rhodes. Former players include Marvin Harrison and Edgerrin James.

!Facility	!Seating Capacity	!City
Indianapolis Motor Speedway	257,325	Speedway, Indiana
Notre Dame Stadium	80,795	South Bend, Indiana
Lucas Oil Stadium	63,000	Indianapolis, Indiana
Ross-Ade Stadium	62,500	West Lafayette, Indiana
	52,929	Bloomington, Indiana
Scheumann Stadium	25,400	Muncie, Indiana
Conseco Fieldhouse	18,165	Indianapolis, Indiana
	17,456	Bloomington, Indiana
Mackey Arena	14,123	West Lafayette, Indiana
Allen County War Memorial Coliseum	13,000	Fort Wayne, Indiana
	12,764	Terre Haute, Indiana
Victory Field	12,496	Indianapolis, Indiana
John E. Worthen Arena	11,500	Muncie, Indiana
Hulman Center	10,200	Terre Haute, Indiana
	10,000	Evansville, Indiana
Hinkle Fieldhouse	10,000	Indianapolis, Indiana
Edmund P. Joyce Center	9,800	South Bend, Indiana
	8,996	Anderson, Indiana
Parkview Field	8,100	Fort Wayne, Indiana
U.S. Steel Yard	6,000	Gary, Indiana
Indiana State College Arena	5,500	Terre Haute, Indiana
Bosse Field	5,181	Evansville, Indiana
Compton Family Center	5,000	South Bend, Indiana
Coveleski Stadium	5,000	South Bend, Indiana

!Club	!Sport	!League
Elkhart Express	Basketball	International Basketball League
Evansville Crush	Indoor Soccer	Premier Arena Soccer League
Evansville Enforcers	Football	Great Midwest Football League
Evansville IceMen	Ice hockey	Central Hockey League
Evansville Otters	Baseball	Frontier League
	Soccer	Women's Premier Soccer League
Fort Wayne Fever	Soccer	USL Premier Development League
Fort Wayne Flash		Women's Football Alliance
Indianapolis Enforcers		Continental Indoor Football League
Fort Wayne Komets	Ice hockey	Central Hockey League
Fort Wayne Mad Ants	Basketball	NBA Development League
Fort Wayne Pistons (now Detroit Pistons)	Basketball	National Basketball Association
Fort Wayne TinCaps	Baseball	Midwest League
Gary SouthShore RailCats	Baseball
Gary Steelheads	Basketball	International Basketball League
Chi-Town Shooters	Ice hockey
Indiana Fever	Basketball	Women's National Basketball Association
Indiana Ice	Ice hockey	United States Hockey League
Indiana Pacers	Basketball	National Basketball Association
Indiana Invaders	Soccer	USL Premier Development League
Indiana Speed	Football	Women's Professional Football League
Indianapolis Colts		National Football League
Indianapolis Indians	Baseball	International League
South Bend Blue Sox	Baseball	All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
South Bend Silver Hawks	Baseball	Midwest League

College sports

Indiana has had great sports success at the collegiate level. Notably, Indiana University has won five NCAA basketball championships, six swimming and diving NCAA championships, and seven NCAA soccer championships and Notre Dame has been awarded 11 football championships. Schools fielding NCAA Division I athletic programs include: {| |- |valign=top|

Ball State Cardinals

Butler Bulldogs

Evansville Purple Aces

|valign=top| |valign=top|

Indiana Hoosiers

Indiana State Sycamores

IPFW Mastodons

IUPUI Jaguars

|valign=top| |valign=top|

Notre Dame Fighting Irish

Purdue Boilermakers

Valparaiso Crusaders

|valign=top| |}

See also

Hoosier

Indianapolis

Lake Michigan

List of National Register of Historic Places in Indiana

List of people from Indiana

Ohio River

U.S. state

References

Bibliography

Indiana Writer's Project. ''Indiana: A Guide To The Hoosier State: American Guide Series'' (1937), famous WPA Guide to every location; strong on history, architecture and culture; reprinted 1973

Carmony, Donald Francis. ''Indiana, 1816 to 1850: The Pioneer Era'' (1998), Indiana Historical Society

Jackson, Marion T., editor. ''The Natural Heritage of Indiana.'' © 1997, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana. ISBN 0-253-33074-2.* James H. Madison. ''The Indiana Way: A State History'' (1990), Indiana Historical Society and Indiana University Press

Skertic, Mark and Watkins, John J. ''A Native's Guide to Northwest Indiana'' (2003)

Taylor, Robert M., ed. ''The State of Indiana History 2000: Papers Presented at the Indiana Historical Society's Grand Opening'' (2001), Indiana Historical Society

Taylor, Robert M., ed. ''Indiana: A New Historical Guide'' (1990), highly detailed guide to cities and recent history, Indiana Historical Society

External links

;Directory

;Government

Indiana's Official Website

Indiana General Assembly

Indiana Judicial System

Indiana Chamber of Commerce

Indiana Constitution

Indiana Family and Social Services Administration

Indiana Department of Transportation

;Culture and history

Indiana State Emblems

Indiana Historical Society

Road to Indiana Statehood

Indiana Arts Council

Indiana Historical Bureau

;Tourism and recreation

Indiana's Official Travel Planning Source

Indiana Travel and Tourism Information

Indiana Department of Tourism

Indiana Recreation Guide

Indiana State Parks

;Geography

USGS Scientific Resources of Indiana

Indiana State Facts from USDA

Historic Indiana Atlases

Historic Indiana Maps

Historic Guides to the Communities of Indiana

Indiana State Climate Office

Indiana Geography and Geology Facts

;International community and business resources

Indiana District Export Council

Indiana Foreign Trade Offices

Nationalities Council of Indiana

Huntington County Economic Development

Ports of Indiana

U.S. Export Assistance Center

World Trade Club of Indiana

Category:States of the United States Category:States and territories established in 1816

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Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
name	Russell Peters
birth name	Russell Dominic Peters
birth date	September 29, 1970
birth place	Brampton, Ontario, Canada
medium	Stand-up, Television, Film, Radio
nationality	Canadian
genre	Satire, Improvisational comedy, Observational comedy
active	1989–present
subject	Racism, Race relations, Stereotypes, Multiculturalism, Indian culture
influences	George Carlin, Steve Martin, Cheech and Chong, Don Rickles, Eddie Murphy
signature	Russell Peters Autograph.svg
website	RussellPeters.com
spouse	Monica Diaz (2010–present) 1 child }}

Russell Dominic Peters (born September 29, 1970) is a Canadian comedian, actor and disc jockey. He began performing in Toronto in 1989 and has been nominated for four Gemini Awards.

Early life

Russell Peters was born in Brampton, Ontario, Canada to Eric and Maureen Peters. His family is of Anglo-Indian ancestry and is Catholic. His father was born in Pune, India and worked as a federal meat inspector and his mother was born in Calcutta, India. He has an older brother named Clayton who was born in Calcutta.

He went to Georges Vanier Catholic Elementary School from kindergarten to grade 8, Bramalea Secondary School for grades 9–10, and North Peel Secondary School for grades 11–12 in Brampton.

Career

Peters began performing in Toronto in 1989. He has since also performed in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, mainland China, Hong Kong, Iran, Denmark, South Africa, the Caribbean, Vietnam, New Zealand, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Sweden, India, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Jordan, Norway , Lebanon, London, Pakistan and Trinidad among other places.

He hosted the Canada Day Comedy Festival 2006. His comedy special ''Russell Peters: Outsourced'', aired on Comedy Central on August 16, 2006. The DVD version features his uncensored performance. The DVD has been popular, especially in Canada, selling over 100,000 copies. ''Outsourced'' remained on the National DVD Chart over one and a half years after release.

In September 2008, it was confirmed that Peters made a deal with Fox to develop a new sitcom, based on his experience in Canada. Peters says, "It's really a snapshot of where my family maybe was ten years ago" and he ensures that the sitcom is "Something that will be funny and honest." Peters participated in a USO tour of Iraq, Afghanistan, Germany, Africa and Greenland in November 2007 with Wilmer Valderrama and Mayra Veronica. Peters' latest DVD/CD combo ''Russell Peters: Red, White, and Brown'' was recorded on February 2, 2008, at The WAMU Theatre at Madison Square Garden. Peters and his brother, Clayton Peters, who is also his manager, self-produced and financed ''Red, White and Brown''. It was released in Canada in September 2008 and in the US on January 27, 2009. Peters also currently produces and stars on the radio situation comedy series, ''Monsoon House'', on CBC Radio One.

Peters was the host of the 2008 Juno Awards televised ceremonies in Calgary on April 6, 2008, for which he won a Gemini Award for "Best Performance or Host in a Variety Program or Series". The 2008 awards broadcast received the second-highest ratings ever for the program. He was asked to host the Juno Awards for a second year in a row. The 2009 Juno Awards took place in Vancouver on March 29, 2009.

Between June 2008 and June 2009, Peters earned $10 million, making him one of the highest-paid comedians during that twelve-month period.

Between June 2008 and June 2010, Peters earned $15 million, continuing his run as one of the highest-paid comedians.

On October 26, 2010, Peters released his autobiography, ''Call me Russell'', co - written with his brother Clayton and Dannis Koromilas.

Russell first appeared as a guest on the Joe Rogan podcast on December 17th 2010, episode 63. On June 21st 2011, Russell went onto the Joe Rogan podcast again, this time with Junior Simpson. Joe Rogan was the main host and Brian Redban was the co-host/technician.

Popularity

Peters' popularity extends to several countries. In Canada, Peters became the first comedian to sell out Toronto's Air Canada Centre, with more than 15,000 tickets in two days for the single show. He ended up selling over 30,000 tickets nationally over the two-day sales period. A total of over 60,000 tickets were sold across six cities. In Sydney, Peters had a record breaking audience of 13,880, making the event the largest stand-up comedy show in Australian history He broke a UK comedy sales record at London's O2 arena when he sold over 16,000 tickets to his show on February 14, 2009 . Peters attributes his sudden widespread popularity to a stand-up performance he did on the Canadian TV comedy series ''Comedy Now!'' that was uploaded onto YouTube and became viral. While the initial video upload featured his performance in its 45 minute entirety, subsequent videos uploaded by other YouTube users were snippets of that performance, chopped into each of the cultural groups he targeted. According to Peters, those snippets made their way to those specified cultural groups, and were well received by them.

Comedy

Russell Peters' stand-up performances are mostly made up of observational comedy where he uses humor to poke fun at the subjects of race, class and culture, often using his own life experiences as well as impersonations of different cultural accents to illustrate his act. Russell Peters uses his minority status to allow him to poke fun at different races in his performance, but according to an interview done for ''The National'', he does not intend to put down or offend different races and cultures, but instead tries to raise them up through humor. For example: "Somebody gonna get a hurt real bad".

Personal life

Peters proposed to girlfriend Monica Diaz García on July 10, 2010 at the Los Angeles International Airport. He announced the engagement via Twitter. The couple married on August 20, 2010 at A Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas. The wedding was attended by about 20 guests, including an Elvis impersonator. Peters and Diaz had their first child, a girl, due February 23, 2011. When announcing the pregnancy, Peters told The Canadian Press, "Did I get married because she was knocked up? I would say that expedited it." His daughter was born two and a half months early,on December 14, 2010, but was healthy as Peters stated on his Twitter. She was given the name Crystianna Marie Peters.

Awards and recognition

He has been nominated for four Gemini Awards, the Canadian television awards. He has also been nominated for Best Male Comic at the Canadian Comedy Awards. Peters has been featured at such shows as Montreal's Just for Laughs (Juste pour rire) Comedy Festival, the Winnipeg Comedy Festival, and the Edinburgh Festival.

On June 28, 2011 it was announced that Peters will receive a star on Canada's Walk of Fame and will be inducted on October 1 at Elgin Theatre in Toronto.

1997 – Nomination for the Gemini Award in the category "Best Individual Performance in a Comedy Program or Series". This was for ''Show Me The Funny'', from the TV-series ''Comics!'' (1997)

2004 – Nomination for a Gemini Award for his Comedy Now! special.

2008 – Nomination for a Gemini Award for hosting The Junos.

2008 – Winner of a Gemini Award for 'Best Performance or Host in a Variety Program or Series'.

Filmography

Title	Year
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Notable roles played

Peters has appeared in a few films, most recently ''Senior Skip Day'' also starring Larry Miller, Tara Reid, and Gary Lundy. Besides this, he has also had short appearances in the 1994 film ''Boozecan'' as Snake's Friend, the 1999 film ''Tiger Claws III'' as Detective Elliott, the 2004 film ''My Baby's Daddy'' as the obstetrician, the 2006 film ''Quarter Life Crisis'' as Dilip Kumar, the 2007 film ''The Take'' as Dr. Sharma, and the 2008 film ''Senior Skip Day'' as Uncle Todd.

Peters is scheduled to star as "Pervius" in ''National Lampoon's The Legend of Awesomest Maximus'' he is also going to appear in a CBC movie entitled 'Breakaway'. He also acted in Duncan Jones's movie ''Source Code'' as Max, an amateur comedian with a bad attitude. ;Acting roles – television

"Comics Without Borders" (2008)

Russell Peters: Red, White and Brown (2008)

Senior Skip Day/High School's Day Off (Australia title) (2008)- Uncle Todd

;Appearances on television

"Lopez Tonight" - Himself (February 2, 2010)

"The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson" – Himself (2009)

"The 9th Annual Canadian Comedy Awards" (2008)- Himself (Winner – Best Large Venue Stand-up)

"CBC News: The Hour" .... Himself – Episode dated 18 September 2008 (2008) TV episode .... Himself

"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" – Himself – Episode dated 15 February 2008 (2008)

"Def Comedy Jam" – Episode #8.4 (2008) TV episode – Himself/Comedian

"Pulse: The Desi Beat" – Episode #1.9 (2007) TV episode – Himself

"Video on Trial" – Episode #3.3 (2007) TV episode – Himself

"Comics Unleashed" – Episode #1.6 (2009) TV episode- Himself

The 4th Annual Canadian Comedy Awards (2003) – Himself

The 5th Annual Canadian Comedy Awards (2004) – Nominee (Male Stand-up)

MTV Cribs (Where he featured on two different episodes)

;Self

Heckler (2007)

Let's All Hate Toronto (2007)

References

Further reading

External links

Official website

Russell Peters at Facebook

Russell named first Toronto ambassador

Category:1970 births Category:Actors from Ontario Category:Anglo-Indian people Category:Canadian expatriates in the United States Category:Canadian film actors Category:Canadian Internet personalities Category:Canadian people of Indian descent Category:Canadian radio actors Category:Canadian Roman Catholics Category:Canadian stand-up comedians Category:Gemini Award winners Category:Living people Category:People from Brampton

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Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
Name	Roger Federer
Country
Residence	Bottmingen, Switzerland
Birth date	August 08, 1981
Birth place	Basel, Switzerland
Height
Turnedpro	1998
Plays	Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
Careerprizemoney	$ 68,723,311
Singlesrecord	823–188 (81.40% in ATP (World) Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup)
Singlestitles	72 (ATP World Tour and Grand Slam)
Highestsinglesranking	No. 1 (2 February 2004)
Currentsinglesranking	No. 3 (27 February 2012)
Australianopenresult	W (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010)
Frenchopenresult	W (2009)
Wimbledonresult	W (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009)
Usopenresult	W (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
Othertournaments	Yes
Masterscupresult	W (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011)
Olympicsresult	4th place (losing bronze-finalist) ()
Doublesrecord	119–76 (61% in ATP World Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup)
Doublestitles	8 (ATP World Tour and Grand Slam)
Othertournamentsdoubles	yes
Grandslamsdoublesresults	yes
Australianopendoublesresult	3R (2003)
Frenchopendoublesresult	1R (2000)
Wimbledondoublesresult	QF (2000)
Usopendoublesresult	3R (2002)
Olympicsdoublesresult	20px Gold Medal ()
Highestdoublesranking	No. 24 (9 June 2003)
Currentdoublesranking	No. 137 (16 January 2012)
Updated	3 March 2012}}

}}

Roger Federer () (born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who holds the ATP No. 1 position for a record 237 consecutive weeks. He was number 1 ranked for a total of 285 weeks, second only by a week to Pete Sampras' 286 weeks. As of 27 February 2012, he is ranked World No. 3 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Federer has won a men's record 16 Grand Slam singles titles. He is one of seven male players to capture the career Grand Slam and one of three (with Andre Agassi and Rafael Nadal) to do so on three different surfaces (clay, grass, and hard courts). He is the only male player in tennis history to have reached the title match of each Grand Slam tournament at least five times and also the final at each of the nine ATP Masters 1000 Tournaments. Many sports analysts, tennis critics, and former and current players consider Federer to be the greatest tennis player of all time.

Federer has appeared in an unprecedented 23 career Grand Slam tournament finals, including a men's record ten in a row, and appeared in 18 of 19 finals from the 2005 Wimbledon Championships through the 2010 Australian Open, the lone exception being the 2008 Australian Open. He holds the record of reaching the semifinals or better of 23 consecutive Grand Slam tournaments over five and a half years, from the 2004 Wimbledon Championships through the 2010 Australian Open. At the 2012 Australian Open, he reached a record 31st consecutive Grand Slam quarterfinal.

Federer has won a record 6 ATP World Tour Finals and 18 ATP Masters Series tournaments (second all-time). He also won the Olympic gold medal in doubles with his compatriot Stanislas Wawrinka at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. He spent eight years (2003–2010) continuously in the top 2 in the year-end rankings and nine (2003–2011) in the Top 3, also a record among male players. His rivalries with Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic are considered two of the greatest of all time in the sport (also dubbed the Trivalry). Federer is greatly respected by fans and by fellow players alike as shown by the fact that he has won the ATPWorldTour.com Fans' Favorite Award a record 9 consecutive times (2003-2011) and the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award (which is voted for by the players themselves) a record 7 times overall and six times consecutively (2004-2009, 2011). Federer also won the Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year Award in 2006. In 2011, he was voted the second most trusted and respected human in the world, second only to Nelson Mandela.

As a result of Federer's successes in tennis, he was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for a record four consecutive years (2005–2008). He is often referred to as the Federer Express or abbreviated to Fed Express, or FedEx, the Swiss Maestro, or simply Maestro.

Personal life

Childhood and early life

Federer was born in Binningen, near Basel, to Swiss national Robert Federer and South African-born Lynette Durand. He holds both Swiss and South African citizenships. He grew up in suburban Münchenstein, near Basel, close to the French and German borders and speaks Swiss German, German, French and English fluently, Swiss German being his native language. He was raised as a Roman Catholic and met Pope Benedict XVI while playing the 2006 Internazionali BNL d'Italia tournament in Rome. Like all male Swiss citizens, Federer was subject to compulsory military service in the Swiss Armed Forces. However, in 2003 he was deemed unfit due to a long-standing back problem and was subsequently not required to fulfill his military obligation. Federer himself also credits the range of sports he played as a child—he also played badminton and basketball—for his hand-eye coordination. “I was always very much more interested if a ball was involved,” he says. Most tennis prodigies, by contrast, play tennis to the exclusion of all other sports.

Marriage and family

Federer is married to former Women's Tennis Association player Mirka Vavrinec. He met her while both were competing for Switzerland in the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Vavrinec retired from the tour in 2002 because of a foot injury and has since been working as Federer's public relations manager. They were married in Basel on 11 April 2009, surrounded by a small group of close friends and family at Wenkenhof Villa (municipality of Riehen). On 23 July 2009, Mirka gave birth to twin girls, Myla Rose and Charlene Riva.

Outreach and charitable efforts

Federer supports a number of charities. He established the Roger Federer Foundation in 2003 to help disadvantaged people and to promote sports. In 2005, he auctioned his racquet from his US Open championship to aid victims of Hurricane Katrina. He was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador by UNICEF in 2006. At the 2005 Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, Federer arranged an exhibition involving several top players from the ATP tour and WTA tour called Rally for Relief. The proceeds from the event went to the victims of the tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. Since then, he has visited South Africa and Tamil Nadu, one of the areas in India most affected by the tsunami. He has also appeared in UNICEF public messages to raise public awareness of AIDS. In response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Federer arranged a collaboration with fellow top tennis players Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick, Kim Clijsters, Serena Williams, Lleyton Hewitt, and Sam Stosur to forgo their final day of preparation for the 2010 Australian Open to form a special charity event called Hit for Haiti, in which all proceeds went to Haiti earthquake victims. He was named a 2010 Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in recognition of his leadership, accomplishments, and contributions to society.

Similar to the 2010 event, Hit for Haiti, Federer organized and participated in a charity match called Rally for Relief on 16 January 2011, to benefit those that were affected by the 2010-2011 Queensland floods.

Federer is currently number 25 on Forbes top 100 celebrities.

Tennis career

Pre-1998: Junior years

Federer's main accomplishments as a junior player came at Wimbledon in 1998, where he won both the boys' singles tournament over Irakli Labadze, and in doubles teamed up with Olivier Rochus, defeating the team of Michaël Llodra and Andy Ram. In addition, Federer lost the US Open Junior tournament in 1998 to David Nalbandian. He won four ITF junior singles tournaments in his career, including the prestigious Orange Bowl, where he defeated Guillermo Coria, in the finals. He ended 1998 as the junior world no. 1.

1998–2002: Early career in the ATP

Federer's first tournament as a professional was Gstaad in 1998 (12th grade), where he faced Lucas Arnold Ker in the round of 32 and lost. Federer's first final came at the Marseille Open in 2000, where he lost to fellow Swiss Marc Rosset. Federer won the 2001 Hopman Cup representing Switzerland along with Martina Hingis. The duo defeated the American pair of Monica Seles and Jan-Michael Gambill in the finals. Federer's first win was at the 2001 Milan Indoor tournament, where he defeated Julien Boutter. In 2001, Federer made his first Grand Slam quarterfinal at the French Open, and at Wimbledon that same year defeated four-time defending champion Pete Sampras to reach the quarterfinals. The most prestigious event final he reached during this period was the 2002 Miami Masters event, where he lost to Andre Agassi, on hard court. In addition, Federer won his first Master Series event at the 2002 Hamburg Masters on clay, over Marat Safin; the victory made him a top-10 player for the first time. Federer made 10 singles finals between 1998 and 2002, of which he won four and lost six. He also made six finals in doubles. Of note are Federer and partner Max Mirnyi's defeat in the final of the Indian Wells Masters in 2002, and their victory in the same year in the final of the Rotterdam 500 series event. Federer had won the latter a year earlier with partner Jonas Björkman.

2003–2007: Breakthrough and dominance

In 2003, Federer won his first Grand Slam singles title at Wimbledon, beating Mark Philippoussis. Federer won his first and only doubles Masters Series 1000 event in Miami with Max Mirnyi, and made it to one singles Masters Series 1000 event in Rome on clay, which he lost. Federer made it to nine finals on the ATP Tour and won seven of them, including the 500 series events at Dubai and Vienna. Lastly, Federer won the year-end championships over Andre Agassi.

During 2004, Federer won three Grand Slam singles titles for the first time in his career and became the first person to do so since Mats Wilander in 1988. His first Grand Slam hard-court title came at the Australian Open over Marat Safin. He then won his second Wimbledon crown over Andy Roddick. Federer defeated the 2001 US Open champion, Lleyton Hewitt, at the US Open for his first title there. Federer won three ATP Masters Series 1000 events. One was on clay in Hamburg, and the other two were on hard surfaces at Indian Wells and in Canada. Federer took the ATP 500 series event at Dubai and wrapped up the year by winning the year-end championships for the second time.

In 2005, Federer failed to reach the finals of the first two Grand Slam tournaments, losing the Australian Open semifinal to eventual champion Safin and the French Open semifinal to eventual champion Rafael Nadal. However, Federer quickly reestablished his dominance on grass, winning the Wimbledon Championships over Andy Roddick. At the US Open, Federer defeated Andre Agassi in the latter's last Grand Slam final. Federer also took four ATP Masters Series 1000 wins: Indian Wells, Miami, and Cincinnati on hard court, and Hamburg on clay. Furthermore, Federer won two ATP 500 series events at Rotterdam and Dubai. Federer lost the year-end championships to David Nalbandian in the final.

In 2006, Federer won three Grand Slam singles titles and reached the final of the other, with the only loss coming against Nadal in the French Open. This was the two men's first meeting in a Grand Slam final. Federer defeated Nadal in the Wimbledon Championships final. In the Australian Open, Federer defeated Marcos Baghdatis, and at the US Open, Federer defeated Roddick (2003 champion). In addition, Federer made it to six ATP Masters Series 1000 finals, winning four on hard surfaces and losing two on clay to Nadal. Federer won one ATP 500 series event in Tokyo and captured the year-end championships for the third time in his career.

In 2007, Federer reached all four Grand Slam singles finals, winning three of them. He won the Australian Open over Fernando González, Wimbledon over Rafael Nadal for the second time, and the US Open over Novak Djokovic. Federer lost the French Open to Nadal. Federer made five ATP Masters Series 1000 finals in 2007, winning the Hamburg and Cincinnati titles. Federer won one 500 series event in Dubai and won the year-end championships.

2008 to present

In 2008, Federer won one Grand Slam singles title, which came at the US Open over Briton Andy Murray. Federer was defeated by Nadal in two Grand Slam finals, at the French Open, and at Wimbledon, when he was going for six straight wins to break Björn Borg's record. At the Australian Open, Federer lost in the semifinals to Djokovic, which ended his record of 10 consecutive finals. Federer lost twice in Master Series 1000 finals on clay to Nadal, at Monte Carlo and Hamburg. However, Federer captured two titles in 250-level events at Estoril and Halle and one title in a 500 level event in Basel. In doubles, Federer and Stanislas Wawrinka won the gold medal at the Olympic Games.

In 2009, Federer won two Grand Slam singles titles, the French Open over Robin Söderling, and Wimbledon over Andy Roddick. Federer reached two other Grand Slam finals, losing to Nadal at the Australian Open, and to Juan Martín del Potro at the US Open. Federer won two more events, the first at the Madrid Masters over Nadal in the final on clay. The second was in Cincinnati over Djokovic, although Federer lost to Djokovic in Basel, later in the year. Federer completed a career Grand Slam by winning his first French Open title and won a men's record fifteenth Grand Slam singles title, which is one more than Pete Sampras's mark of fourteen.

In 2010, Federer slowed down in his milestones and achievements. The year started with a win at the Australian Open, defeating Andy Murray in the final. But at the French Open, Federer failed to reach a Grand Slam semifinal for the first time since the 2004 French Open, losing to Söderling, in the quarterfinals, and losing his no. 1 ranking. At the French Open, Federer won his 700th tour match and 150th tour match on clay. Federer was just one week away from equaling Pete Sampras's record of 286 weeks as world no. 1. In a big surprise at Wimbledon, Federer lost in the quarterfinal to Tomáš Berdych, and fell to world no. 3 in the rankings. At the 2010 US Open, Federer reached the semifinals, avenging his French Open loss to Söderling in the quarterfinals, but then lost a five-set match to third seed Novak Djokovic. Federer made it to four Masters 1000 finals, losing three of them (the Madrid Open, the Canadian Masters, and the Shanghai Masters) while winning the Cincinnati Masters against Mardy Fish. In 2010 Federer equaled Agassi for the number of Masters wins at 17 and tied Bjorn Borg's mark for number of total titles won, moving to just one behind Sampras. Towards the middle of July, Federer hired Pete Sampras' old coach Paul Annacone to put his tennis game and career on the right path on a trial basis. Federer won two lesser titles at the Stockholm Open and the Davidoff Swiss Indoors which brought his tally to 65 career titles. Lastly, Federer won the year-end championships by beating rival Rafael Nadal, for his fifth title at the event. He showed much of his old form, beating all contenders except Nadal in straight sets. Since Wimbledon 2010, Federer had a win-loss record of 34–4 and had multiple match points in two of his losses: to Novak Djokovic in the semifinal of the US Open, and to Gaël Monfils in the semifinal of the Paris Masters. Federer did not play in the 2010 Davis Cup.

The year 2011, although great by most players' standards, was a lean year for Federer. He was defeated in straight sets in the semifinals of the 2011 Australian Open by eventual champion Novak Djokovic, marking the first time since July 2003 that he did not hold any of the four Major titles. In the French Open semifinal, Federer ended Djokovic's undefeated streak of 43 consecutive wins with a stunning four-set victory, arguably his best performance ever on clay. However, Federer then lost in the final to Rafael Nadal. At Wimbledon, Federer advanced to his 29th consecutive Grand Slam quarterfinal, but lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. It marked the first time in his career that he had lost a Grand Slam match after winning the first two sets. At the US Open, Federer lost a much-anticipated semifinal match with Novak Djokovic, after squandering two match points in the fifth set which repeated his previous year's result against Djokovic and added a second loss from two sets up in Grand Slam play to his record. The loss at Flushing Meadows meant that Federer did not win any of the four Majors in 2011, the first time this has happened since 2002.

During this 2011 season, Federer won the Qatar Open, defeating Nikolay Davydenko in the final. However, he lost the final in Dubai to Djokovic and lost in the Miami Masters and Madrid Open semifinals to Rafael Nadal. In pulling out of the 2011 Shanghai Masters, Federer dropped out of the top 3 for the first time since June 2003. Later in the season, things picked up for Federer. He ended a 10-month title drought and won the Swiss Indoors for the fifth time, defeating youngster Kei Nishikori, who had defeated an ailing Djokovic in the semifinals. Federer followed this up with his first win at the Paris Masters, where he reached his first final at the event and defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. At the 2011 ATP World Tour Finals, Federer crushed Rafael Nadal in exactly one hour en route to the semifinals, where he defeated David Ferrer to reach the final at the year-end championships for the seventh time, his 100th tour-level final overall. As a result of this win, Federer also regained the world no. 3 ranking from Andy Murray. In the final, he defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga for the third consecutive Sunday and, in doing so, claimed his record sixth ATP World Tour Finals title.

Federer began his 2012 season with the Qatar Open, where he withdrew in the semifinals. He then played in the 2012 Australian Open, where he defeated players such as Ivo Karlović, Bernard Tomic, and Juan Martín del Potro en route to setting up a 27th career meeting with Nadal in the semifinals, which he lost in four tight sets. He then participated in the Davis Cup representing Switzerland in the 2012 Davis Cup World Group, but Switzerland was eliminated in a home tie against the United States played on indoor clay in Fribourg. The loss included a four-set defeat for Federer at the hands of John Isner as well as a tight four-set loss with Stanislas Wawrinka in the doubles rubber against Mardy Fish and Mike Bryan. He then played the ATP 500 tournament in Rotterdam for the first time since 2005, where he won the title. He beat Del Potro in the final to clinch his second title in Rotterdam. Federer then played the ATP 500 Dubai event, where he reached the final by defeating Del Potro 7-6(5), 7-6(6) in the semifinal. Federer defeated Andy Murray in the final, improved his record against him to 7-8, and clinched the Dubai Duty Free championship for the fifth time in his career which was his 72nd career title. He is next scheduled to play the BNP Paribas Showdown exhibition in New York against Andy Roddick, prior to Indian Wells and then Miami Masters Tournaments along with Maria Sharapova and Caroline Wozniacki at 7 pm EST.

Rivalries

Federer vs. Nadal

Federer and Nadal have been playing each other since 2004, and their rivalry is a significant part of both men's careers.

They held the top two rankings on the ATP Tour from July 2005 until 14 September 2009, when Nadal fell to World No. 3 (Andy Murray became the new No. 2). They are the only pair of men to have ever finished four consecutive calendar years at the top. Federer was ranked number 1 for a record 237 consecutive weeks beginning in February 2004. Nadal, who is five years younger, ascended to No. 2 in July 2005 and held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks before surpassing Federer in August 2008.

Nadal leads their head-to-head 18–9. However, most of their matches have been on clay, which is statistically Nadal's best surface and statistically Federer's worst surface. Federer has a winning record on grass (2–1) and indoor hard courts (4–0) while Nadal leads the outdoor hard courts by 5–1 and clay by 12–2. Because tournament seedings are based on rankings, 19 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including an all-time record 8 Grand Slam finals. From 2006 to 2008 they played in every French Open and Wimbledon final, and then they met in the 2009 Australian Open final and the 2011 French Open final. Nadal won six of the eight, losing the first two Wimbledons. Three of these matches were five set-matches (2007 and 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open), and the 2008 Wimbledon final has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts. They have also played in a record 9 Masters Series finals, including their lone five hour match at the 2006 Rome Masters which Nadal won in a fifth-set tie-break having saved two match points.

Until 14 September 2009, when Juan Martín del Potro beat Nadal in the US Open semifinal on his way to defeating Federer in the final itself, no player had beaten both Nadal and Federer in the same Grand Slam. Federer was undefeated in US Open finals until losing in five sets to del Potro (5). Both Federer and Nadal have won Grand Slam events on three different surfaces successively (2008 French Open, 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open for Nadal and 2008 US Open, 2009 French Open, 2009 Wimbledon for Federer). This rivalry is also part of the "Trivalry" between Federer, Nadal, and Djokovic.

Federer vs. Djokovic

The two have met 24 times with Federer leading 14–10, and 5–4 in Grand Slam events. Djokovic is the only player besides Nadal to have defeated Federer more than once in a Grand Slam tournament since 2004, the only player besides Nadal to defeat Federer in consecutive grand slam tournaments (2010 US Open and 2011 Australian Open) and the only player besides Nadal who has "double figure" career wins over Federer. Djokovic is one of two players (the other again being Nadal) currently on tour to have defeated Federer in straight sets at a Grand Slam (2008 Australian Open and 2011 Australian Open).

Because of the continuously improving game and general rise of Djokovic in the last 3 years, many experts include Djokovic when talking about Nadal and Federer (all 3 have played each other at least 24 times) and Federer has cited his rivalry with Djokovic as his second favorite after his rivalry with Nadal. Experts such as John McEnroe have said that this is the beginning of a new change in tennis and have coined the current situation "The Trivalry" between Djokovic, Nadal, and Federer. Djokovic's recent back-to-back-to-back wins against Federer at the Australian Open, Dubai and Indian Wells tournament have made this rivalry even more intense. During that span, Djokovic had gone on a 43–0 winning streak dating back to the Davis Cup final the previous year. Federer ended Djokovic's perfect 41–0 season defeating him in the semifinals of the 2011 French Open, but Djokovic was able to avenge his loss at the 2011 US Open, and Federer lost with a score of 6–7, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–5. Federer cited this as one of the greatest losses in his career, as he had 2 consecutive match points in set five, with his serve, and was 2 sets up before Djokovic came back in what has become one of the greatest comebacks in tennis history (according to John McEnroe). McEnroe claimed that Djokovic's crosscourt forehand return was "one of the great all-time shots in tennis history" and that the semifinal was one of the greatest matches in history. Djokovic contributed to ending Federer's eight-year streak of winning at least one Grand Slam title per year and Djokovic became the second male tennis player to have at least 10 wins against Federer (the other being Nadal).

This rivalry is part of the "Trivalry" that consists of Djokovic, Nadal, and Federer. This rivalry is one of the greatest in the Open Era, and many experts have included the rivalry between Federer and Djokovic as one of the best hard-court rivalries in the Open Era.

Federer vs. Hewitt

Federer and Lleyton Hewitt have played each other on 26 occasions. Early in their careers, Hewitt dominated Federer, winning seven of their first nine meetings, including a victory from two sets down in the 2003 Davis Cup semifinal which allowed Australia to defeat Switzerland. However, from 2004 onward, Federer has dominated the rivalry, winning 16 of the last 17 meetings to emerge with a 18–8 overall head-to-head record. This is Federer's longest rivalry as these two first played each other as juniors in 1996. They have met in one Grand Slam final, the 2004 US Open final, where Federer won to win his first US Open title. Federer is 9–0 against Hewitt in Grand Slams, and has won six of the Grand Slams in which he has defeated Hewitt.

Federer vs. Nalbandian

David Nalbandian was Federer's biggest rival earlier in his career. Both players had an outstanding junior career, Federer won the Wimbledon junior title and Nalbandian won the US Open junior title (beating Federer). Even though Federer has a narrow advantage against Nalbandian, leading their meetings 11–8, Nalbandian beat Federer in their first five meetings after turning professional, including the fourth round of both the Australian Open and US Open in 2003. Their most impressive match was in the 2005 Shanghai Tennis Master Cup, where Nalbandian came back from being two sets to love down against Federer and ultimately prevailed in a fifth set tiebreak. The loss prevented Federer from tying John McEnroe's 82–3 all-time single year record, set in 1984. Nalbandian, Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Murray have beaten Federer 8 times, with only Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic recording more victories over Federer.

Federer vs. Murray

Federer and Murray have met 15 times, all hard courts, with Murray leading 8–7. Federer has won each of their Grand Slam matches (both were in the final) in straight sets at the 2008 US Open and 2010 Australian Open, but Murray leads 5–1 in ATP 1000 tournaments. They have met three times in the ATP World Tour Finals, with Murray winning in Shanghai in 2008 and Federer in London in 2009 and 2010. Their most recent encounter was in the 2012 Dubai final where Federer was victorious. Apart from Nadal, Murray is the only other active player to have a positive head to head record against Federer.

Federer vs. Roddick

One of Federer's longest rivalries is with Andy Roddick. Having met on many occasions, including four Grand Slam finals (three at Wimbledon and one at the US Open), Federer leads 21–2. Federer's dominance on the tour emerged as Roddick rose to World No. 1 ranking in 2003.

In the 2009 Wimbledon final Roddick took Federer to five sets. It included a fifth-set made up of 30 games (a Grand Slam final record) with the match lasting over 4 hours. With that victory, Federer broke Pete Sampras' record of 14 major titles.

Playing style

Federer's versatility was summarised by Jimmy Connors: "In an era of specialists, you're either a clay court specialist, a grass court specialist, or a hard court specialist...or you're Roger Federer."

Federer is an all-court, all-round player known for his speed, fluid style of play, and exceptional shot making. Federer mainly plays from the baseline but is also comfortable at the net, being one of the best volleyers in the game today. He has a powerful, accurate smash and very effectively performs rare elements in today's tennis, such as backhand smash, half-volley and jump smash (slam dunk). David Foster Wallace compared the brute force of Federer's forehand motion with that of "a great liquid whip," while John McEnroe has referred to Federer's forehand as "the greatest shot in our sport." Federer is also known for his efficient movement around the court and excellent footwork, which enables him to run around shots directed to his backhand and instead hit a powerful inside-out or inside-in forehand, one of his best shots. Federer plays with a single-handed backhand which gives him great variety. Federer's forehand and backhand slice are both known as the best ever to enter the game. He employs the slice, occasionally using it to lure the opponent to the net and pass him. Federer can also fire topspin winners and possesses a 'flick' backhand where he can generate pace with his wrist; this is usually used to pass the opponent at the net. His serve is difficult to read because he always uses a similar ball toss regardless of what type of serve he is going to hit and where he aims to hit it, and turns his back to his opponents during his motion. He is often able to produce big serves on key points during a match. His first serve is typically around 200 km/h (125 mph); however, he is capable of serving at 220 km/h (137 mph). Federer is also accomplished at serve and volleying, and employed this tactic especially frequently in his early career. His speciality is a half-volley from the baseline which enables him to play close to the baseline and to pick up even the deeper shots very early after they bounce, giving his opponents less time to react. Later in his career Federer added the drop shot to his arsenal, and can perform a well-disguised one off both wings. He sometimes uses a between-the-legs shot, which is colloquially referred to as a "tweener." His most notable use of the tweener was in the semifinals of the 2009 US Open against Novak Djokovic, bringing him triple match point, on which he capitalised for a straight-set victory over the Serb.

Equipment, apparel, endorsements

Federer currently plays with a customised Wilson Pro Staff Six.One 90 BLX tennis racquet, which is characterised by its smaller hitting area of 90 square inches, heavy strung weight of , and thin beam of 18 millimeters. His grip size is 4 3/8 inches (sometimes referred to as L3). Federer strings his racquets at 21.5 kg mains/20 kg crosses pre stretched 20%, utilizing Wilson Natural Gut 16 gauge for his cross strings and Luxilon Big Banger ALU Power Rough 16L gauge (polyester) for his main strings. When asked about string tensions, Federer stated "this depends on how warm the days are and with what kind of balls I play and against who I play. So you can see – it depends on several factors and not just the surface; the feeling I have is most important."

Federer is one of the highest-earning athletes in the world. He has a contract with Nike footwear and apparel. For the 2006 championships at Wimbledon, Nike designed a jacket emblazoned with a crest of three tennis racquets, symbolising the three Wimbledon Championships he had previously won, and which was updated the next year with four racquets after he won the Championship in 2006. In Wimbledon 2008 and again in 2009, Nike continued this trend by making him a personalised cardigan. He also has his own logo, an R and F joined together. Federer endorses Gillette, Jura, a Swiss-based coffee machine company, as well as Mercedes-Benz and NetJets. Federer also endorses Rolex watches, although he was previously an ambassador for Maurice Lacroix. Also in 2009 Federer became brand ambassador for Swiss chocolate makers Lindt. In 2010 his endorsement by Mercedes-Benz China was extended into a global Mercedes-Benz partnership deal.

Career statistics

Grand Slam tournament performance timeline

''To prevent confusion and double counting, information in this table is updated only once a tournament or the player's participation in the tournament has concluded. This table is current through the 2012 Australian Open.

{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;font-size:97% |- !Tournament!!1998!!1999!!2000!!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!2012!!width=50|SR!!width=50|W–L!!width=50|Win % |- | colspan="20" style="text-align:left;"|'''Grand Slam Tournaments |- | style="background:#efefef; text-align:left;"|Australian Open |A |LQ | style="background:#afeeee;"|3R | style="background:#afeeee;"|3R | style="background:#afeeee;"|4R | style="background:#afeeee;"|4R |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:yellow;"|SF |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:yellow;"|SF | style="background:thistle;"|F |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:yellow;"|SF | style="background:yellow;"|SF | style="background:#efefef;"|4 / 13 | style="background:#efefef;"|63–9 | style="background:#efefef;"|87.50 |- | style="background:#efefef; text-align:left;"|French Open |A | style="background:#afeeee;"|1R | style="background:#afeeee;"|4R | style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF | style="background:#afeeee;"|1R | style="background:#afeeee;"|1R | style="background:#afeeee;"|3R | style="background:yellow;"|SF | style="background:thistle;"|F | style="background:thistle;"|F | style="background:thistle;"|F |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF | style="background:thistle;"|F | | style="background:#efefef;"|1 / 13 | style="background:#efefef;"|49–12 | style="background:#efefef;"|80.33 |- | style="background:#efefef; text-align:left;"|Wimbledon |A | style="background:#afeeee;"|1R | style="background:#afeeee;"|1R | style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF | style="background:#afeeee;"|1R |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:thistle;"|F |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF | style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF | | style="background:#efefef;"|6 / 13 | style="background:#efefef;"|59–7 | style="background:#efefef;"|89.39 |- | style="background:#efefef; text-align:left;"|US Open |A |LQ | style="background:#afeeee;"|3R | style="background:#afeeee;"|4R | style="background:#afeeee;"|4R | style="background:#afeeee;"|4R |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:thistle;"|F | style="background:yellow;"|SF | style="background:yellow;"|SF | | style="background:#efefef;"|5 / 12 | style="background:#efefef;"|61–7 | style="background:#efefef;"|89.71 |- !style=text-align:left|Win–Loss !0–0 !0–2 !7–4 !13–4 !6–4 !13–3 !22–1 !24–2 !27–1 !26–1 !24–3 !26–2 !20–3 !20–4 !4–1 !16 / 51 !232–35 !86.89 |}

;Finals: 23 (16 titles, 7 runners-up) {|class="sortable wikitable" |- !width=100|Outcome !width=50|Year !width=200|Championship !width=75|Surface !width=200|Opponent in the final !width=210|Score in the final |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2003||Wimbledon (1)||Grass|| Mark Philippoussis||7–6^(7–5), 6–2, 7–6^{(7–3) |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2004||Australian Open (1)||Hard|| Marat Safin||7–6(7–3), 6–4, 6–2 |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2004||Wimbledon (2)||Grass|| Andy Roddick||4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2004||US Open (1)||Hard|| Lleyton Hewitt||6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0 |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2005||Wimbledon (3)||Grass|| Andy Roddick||6–2, 7–6(7–2), 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2005||US Open (2)||Hard|| Andre Agassi||6–3, 2–6, 7–6(7–1), 6–1 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2006||Australian Open (2)||Hard|| Marcos Baghdatis||5–7, 7–5, 6–0, 6–2 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2006||French Open (1)||Clay|| Rafael Nadal||6–1, 1–6, 4–6, 6–7(4–7) |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2006||Wimbledon (4)||Grass|| Rafael Nadal||6–0, 7–6(7–5), 6–7(2–7), 6–3 |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2006||US Open (3)||Hard|| Andy Roddick||6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–1 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2007||Australian Open (3)||Hard|| Fernando González||7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–4 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2007||French Open (2)||Clay|| Rafael Nadal||3–6, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2007||Wimbledon (5)||Grass|| Rafael Nadal||7–6(9–7), 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 2–6, 6–2 |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2007||US Open (4)||Hard|| Novak Djokovic||7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–2), 6–4 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2008||French Open (3)||Clay|| Rafael Nadal||1–6, 3–6, 0–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2008||Wimbledon (1)||Grass|| Rafael Nadal||4–6, 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(10–8), 7–9 |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2008||US Open (5)||Hard|| Andy Murray||6–2, 7–5, 6–2 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2009||Australian Open (1)||Hard|| Rafael Nadal||5–7, 6–3, 6–7(3–7), 6–3, 2–6 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2009||French Open (1)||Clay|| Robin Söderling||6–1, 7–6(7–1), 6–4 |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2009||Wimbledon (6)||Grass|| Andy Roddick||5–7, 7–6(8–6), 7–6(7–5), 3–6, 16–14 |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2009||US Open (1)||Hard|| Juan Martín del Potro||6–3, 6–7(5–7), 6–4, 6–7(4–7), 2–6 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2010||Australian Open (4)||Hard|| Andy Murray||6–3, 6–4, 7–6(13–11) |- style="background:#ebc2af;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2011||French Open (4)||Clay|| Rafael Nadal||5–7, 6–7(3–7), 7–5, 1–6 |}}

Year-End Championship performance timeline

{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;font-size:98% |- !Tournament!!1998!!1999!!2000!!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!2012!!width=75|SR!!width=75|W–L!!width=75|Win % |- | colspan="20" style="text-align:left;"|'''Year-End Championship tournaments |- | style="background:#efefef; text-align:left;"|YEC |NQ |NQ |NQ |NQ | style="background:yellow;"|SF |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:thistle;"|F |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W | style="background:#afeeee;"|RR | style="background:yellow;"|SF |bgcolor=lime|'''W |bgcolor=lime|'''W | !rowspan=2|6 / 10 !rowspan=2|39–7 !rowspan=2|84.78 |- !style=text-align:left|Win–Loss !0–0 !0–0 !0–0 !0–0 !3–1 !5–0 !5–0 !4–1 !5–0 !4–1 !1–2 !2–2 !5–0 !5–0 ! |}

;Finals: 7 (6 titles, 1 runner-up)

{|class="sortable wikitable" |- !width=100|Outcome !width=50|Year !width=150|Championship !width=75|Surface !width=200|Opponent in the final !width=225|Score in the final |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2003|| Houston||Hard|| Andre Agassi||6–3, 6–0, 6–4 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2004|| Houston||Hard|| Lleyton Hewitt||6–3, 6–2 |- style="background:#ffc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Runner-up||2005|| Shanghai||Carpet (i)|| David Nalbandian||7–6^(7–4), 7–6^(13–11), 2–6, 1–6, 6–7^{(3–7) |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2006|| Shanghai||Hard (i)|| James Blake||6–0, 6–3, 6–4 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2007|| Shanghai||Hard (i)|| David Ferrer||6–2, 6–3, 6–2 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2010|| London||Hard (i)|| Rafael Nadal||6–3, 3–6, 6–1 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||2011|| London||Hard (i)|| Jo-Wilfried Tsonga||6–3, 6–7(6–8), 6–3 |}}

Olympic games

;Finals: 1 (1 title) {|class="sortable wikitable" |- !width=100|Outcome !width=50|Year !width=200|Championship !width=75|Surface !width=95|Partner !width=100|Opponents !width=200|Score in the final |- style="background:gold;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Winner||2008 | Beijing |Hard | Wawrinka | Aspelin Johansson |6–3, 6–4, 6–7^(4–7), 6–3 |}

Records

These records were attained in the Open Era of tennis.

Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.

Records in ''italics'' are currently active streaks.

{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Time span !Selected Grand Slam tournament records !Players matched |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2009 French Open||Career Grand Slam||Rod Laver Andre Agassi Rafael Nadal |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2010 Australian Open||16 titles||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2011 French Open||23 finals||'''Stands alone |- |2005 Wimbledon — 2007 US Open||10 consecutive finals||'''Stands alone |- |2004 Wimbledon — 2010 Australian Open||23 consecutive semifinals||'''Stands alone |- |2004 Wimbledon — 2012 Australian Open||''31 consecutive quarterfinals''||'''Stands alone |- |2004 & 2006–2007||3 years winning 3+ titles||'''Stands alone |- |2004–2007 & 2009||5 years winning 2+ titles||'''Stands alone |- |2006–2007||2 consecutive years winning 3+ titles||'''Stands alone |- |2004–2007||4 consecutive years winning 2+ titles||'''Stands alone |- |2003–2010||8 consecutive years winning 1+ title||Björn BorgPete Sampras |- |2004 Australian Open — 2011 US Open||''8 consecutive years winning 20+ matches''||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2010 Australian Open||4+ titles at 3 different Majors||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2011 French Open||5+ finals at all 4 Majors||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2011 French Open||6+ semifinals at all 4 Majors||'''Stands alone |- |2001 French Open — 2011 US Open||8+ quarterfinals at all 4 Majors||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2008 US Open||5 consecutive titles at 2 different Majors||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2007 French Open||2+ consecutive finals at all 4 Majors||Ivan Lendl |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2009 French Open||5+ consecutive semifinals at all 4 Majors||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2011 US Open||7+ consecutive quarterfinals at all 4 Majors||'''Stands alone |- |2003 Wimbledon — 2006 Australian Open||First 7 finals won||'''Stands alone |- |2004 Australian Open — 2010 Australian Open||9 hard-court titles||'''Stands alone |- |2006 French Open — 2009 US Open||Runner-up finishes at all 4 Majors||Ivan Lendl |- |2004 French Open — 2008 Wimbledon||18 consecutive No. 1 seeds||'''Stands alone |- |2006 US Open — 2007 French Open||36 consecutive sets won||'''Stands alone |- |2007 US Open||35 consecutive service points won||'''Stands alone |- |2009 Wimbledon||50 aces in a final||'''Stands alone |- |2009 Australian Open — 2009 US Open||1042 games played in a single year||'''Stands alone |- |2007 US Open||$2.4 million earned at one event||'''Stands alone |- |2005 Wimbledon — 2007 French Open||2 winning streaks of 25+ matches||'''Stands alone |- |2005 Wimbledon — 2009 US Open||3 winning streaks of 20+ matches||'''Stands alone |- |2004 Wimbledon — 2009 US Open||5 winning streaks of 15+ matches||'''Stands alone |}

{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Grand Slam tournaments !Time Span !Records at each Grand Slam tournament !Players matched |- |Australian Open||2004–2010||4 titles overall||Andre Agassi |- |Australian Open||2006–2007||2 consecutive titles||Ken Rosewall Guillermo Vilas Johan Kriek Mats Wilander Stefan Edberg Ivan Lendl Jim Courier Andre Agassi Novak Djokovic |- |Australian Open||2004–2007||3 titles in 4 years||Andre Agassi |- |Australian Open||2004–2010||5 finals overall||Stefan Edberg |- |''Australian Open''||''2004–2012''||''9 consecutive semifinals''||''Stands alone |- |Australian Open||2007||Won without dropping a set||Ken Rosewall |- |Australian Open||2000–2012||63 match wins overall||Stands alone |- |French Open||2006–2009||4 consecutive finals||Björn Borg Ivan Lendl Rafael Nadal |- |French Open||2006–2008, 2011||4 runner-ups||Stands alone |- |French Open||2006–2008||3 consecutive runner-ups||Stands alone |- |French Open||2005–2009||5 consecutive semifinals||Stands alone |- |French Open—Wimbledon||2009||Accomplished a "Channel Slam": Winning both tournaments in the same year||Rod Laver Björn Borg Rafael Nadal |- |Wimbledon||2003–2007||5 consecutive titles||Björn Borg |- |Wimbledon||2003–2009||7 finals overall||Boris BeckerPete Sampras |- |Wimbledon||2003–2009||7 consecutive finals||Stands alone |- |Wimbledon||2003–2009||7 consecutive semifinals||Stands alone |- |US Open (Tennis)|US Open||2004–2008||5 titles overall||Jimmy ConnorsPete Sampras |- |US Open|| 2004–2008||5 consecutive titles||Stands alone |- |US Open|| 2004–2009||40 consecutive match wins||Stands alone |}

{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Time span !Other selected records !Players matched |- |2 February 2004 — 17 August 2008||237 consecutive weeks at No. 1||'''Stands alone |- |2003–2005||26 consecutive match victories vs. top 10 opponents||'''Stands alone |- |2005–2006||56 consecutive hard court match victories||'''Stands alone |- |2003–2008||65 consecutive grass court match victories||'''Stands alone |- |2003–2005||24 consecutive tournament finals won||'''Stands alone |- |2003–2009||11 grass court titles||'''Stands alone |- |2002–2012||50 hard court titles||'''Stands alone |- |2006||9 hard court titles in 1 season||Jimmy Connors |- |1998–2012||309 tiebreaks won||'''Stands alone |- |1999–2011||87.18% (102–15) grass court match winning percentage|| Stands alone |- |1998–2012||83.00% (503–103) hard court match winning percentage|| Stands alone |- |2006||94.12% of tournament finals reached in 1 season||'''Stands alone |- |2002–2011||30 Masters 1000 finals reached||'''Stands alone |- |2004–2008||2 consecutive Olympic games as wire-to-wire No. 1||'''Stands alone |- |2005–2007||3 consecutive calendar years as wire-to-wire No. 1||'''Stands alone |- |2005–2007||3 calendar years as wire-to-wire No. 1||Jimmy Connors |- |2003–2010||Ended 8 years ranked inside the top 2||Jimmy Connors |- |2003–2011||6 ATP World Tour Finals titles||'''Stands alone |- |2002–2011||39 ATP World Tour Finals match wins||Ivan Lendl |- |2007||$10 million prize money earned in a season||Rafael NadalNovak Djokovic |- |2005–2007||2 winning streaks of 35+ matches||Björn Borg |- |2004–2012||7 winning streaks of 20+ matches||'''Stands alone |}

See also

Roger Federer career statistics

List of career achievements by Roger Federer

List of Grand Slam Men's Singles champions

List of male tennis players

Switzerland Davis Cup team

2008 Summer Olympics national flag bearers

2004 Summer Olympics national flag bearers

References and notes

Further reading

Video

''Wimbledon Classic Match: Federer vs Sampras'' Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 31 October 2006, Run Time: 233 minutes, ASIN: B000ICLR98.

''Wimbledon 2007 Final: Federer vs. Nadal (2007)'' Kultur White Star, DVD Release Date: 30 October 2007, Run Time: 180 minutes, ASIN: B000V02CU0.

''Wimbledon — The 2008 Finals: Nadal vs. Federer'' Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 19 August 2008, Run Time: 300 minutes, ASIN: B001CWYUBU.

External links

Official Site

Roger Federer Foundation

Roger Federer – Grand Slam History

Sortable list of Grand Slam opponents and stats

Profiles

{{navboxes|title=Roger Federer in Grand Slam Tournaments |list1= }} {{navboxes|title=Roger Federer's Achievements |list1= }}

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Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
Name	John Isner
Nickname	Marathon Man, Izzy
Country	United States
Residence	Tampa, Florida, U.S.
Birth date	April 26, 1985
Birth place	Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.
Height
Weight
College	University of Georgia
Turnedpro	2007
Plays	Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
Careerprizemoney	$2,597,771
Website	www.johnisner.com
Singlesrecord	112–84
Singlestitles	3
Highestsinglesranking	No. 18 (July 5, 2010)
Currentsinglesranking	No. 22 (August 28, 2011)
Australianopenresult	4R (2010)
Frenchopenresult	3R (2010)
Wimbledonresult	2R (2010, 2011)
Usopenresult	4R (2009)
Doublesrecord	59–45
Doublestitles	3
Highestdoublesranking	No. 27 (May 17, 2010)
Currentdoublesranking	No. 32 (August 30, 2010)
Australianopendoublesresult	QF (2009)
Frenchopendoublesresult	3R (2008)
Usopendoublesresult	2R (2009)
Updated	January 10, 2011 }}

John Robert Isner (born April 26, 1985) is an American professional tennis player. He achieved his career-high rank of No. 18 on July 5, 2010, and has been as high as the second-ranked American tennis player behind Andy Roddick. His most famous victories were against Roddick in the 2009 US Open, and against Nicolas Mahut at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships where he played the longest ever professional tennis match, which lasted 11 hours and 5 minutes over the course of three days.

Collegiate career

Isner played collegiate tennis at the University of Georgia from 2004 to 2007 and became the school's all-time leader in singles and doubles victories, earning All-American honors each of his four years and leading Georgia to the 2007 NCAA championship.

Professional career

2007

Isner began his professional career in earnest in the summer of 2007. With a world ranking of No. 839, he needed wild card entries into the main draws of every tournament, even at the Futures level.

He won his first tournament of the fall, the USA F14 Futures, beating the top 3 seeds along the way. Then, after first round losses in an Challenger-level and an ATP-level tournament, he beat 5 top-300 players and 3 seeds to win the Lexington challenger in July to improve his ranking to No. 416 after just one month.

At the following week's tournament at the Legg Mason Tennis Classic in Washington, D.C., Fernando González's late withdrawal freed up a wild card spot, which was given at the last minute to Isner. Isner took full advantage of his good fortune, recording his first-ever wins over top-100 players. He won third-set tiebreakers on five consecutive days, beating No. 73 Tim Henman, No. 47 Benjamin Becker, No. 189 qualifier Wayne Odesnik, No. 12 Tommy Haas, and No. 54 Gaël Monfils, to reach the final, where he fell to fellow American Andy Roddick. His incredible week raised his ranking to No. 193 in the world after just 6 weeks on the pro tour.

Isner's Washington success earned him wild card entries into three more ATP tournaments: the Masters Series event in Cincinnati a week later, New Haven, and the US Open. He lost in the first round in Cincinnati to quarterfinalist No. 15 David Ferrer. The following week in New Haven, he beat No. 49 Becker a second time before falling to Ferrer for the 2nd week in a row.

In his US Open debut he defeated the 26th-seeded player, former quarterfinalist Jarkko Nieminen, and fired 34 aces along the way. He proceeded to win his second round match vs. Rik de Voest before losing in the 3rd round to top-seed and eventual champion Roger Federer. Isner was one of only two players to take a set off of Federer in the championship. His US Open performance improved his ranking to No. 144.

After the US Open, Isner continued to play exclusively in North America, and finished the year ranked No. 107. That year, Isner was added to the United States Davis Cup team as a practice partner.

2008

Isner's No. 106 ranking in November, 2007 was just good enough to get him direct entry into his first Australian Open, after several players ranked above him dropped out. He was defeated in the first round of the 2008 Australian Open by veteran Fabrice Santoro of France. Teamed with Croat Ivo Karlović (the tallest player on the ATP tour), Isner also lost in the first round of doubles.

Isner broke into the top-100 at No. 93 in February with a quarter-final appearance at the ATP stop in San Jose, beating No. 90 Florent Serra and No. 26 Tommy Haas. He established himself as a top-100 player in the first 3 months of the year, beating 6 players in the top-100 while playing exclusively in ATP-level events. Isner played in his first French Open and Wimbledon, losing in the first round of each. He also played in the US Open, where he lost in the first round. He ended the year ranked 144th in the world.

2009

Isner qualified for the singles draw of the 2009 Heineken Open in Auckland, after winning three consecutive three-set matches in qualifying. His final match saw him bounce back from a 0–3 deficit in the third set to eventually beat Brazilian Thomaz Bellucci in a tie-breaker. In the main draw, Isner beat Albert Montañés and countryman Robby Ginepri before bowing out in the quarter-finals to Robin Söderling.

Isner received a wild card entry into the 2009 Australian Open after winning the United States Tennis Association's wildcard tournament, beating Donald Young and Jesse Levine along the way. Despite serving 39 aces against his first-round opponent, Slovakia's Dominik Hrbatý, he lost in four sets. Isner began working with new coach, Craig Boynton, who had previously coached former world No. 1 Jim Courier in the 1990s, in March 2009.

At the 2009 Indian Wells tournament, Isner pulled off a major upset by defeating the number 9 seed, French player Gaël Monfils. This was Isner's first win over a top-10 player after four previous defeats. He then went on to defeat former world No. 1 Marat Safin, before losing to world No. 6 Juan Martín del Potro in the fourth round.

In April 2009 at the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships in Houston, Texas at River Oaks Country Club, Isner made it as far as the quarterfinals, where he was defeated by fellow American Wayne Odesnik. Isner qualified for the French Open, but had to withdraw after being diagnosed with mononucleosis, which caused him to miss Wimbledon as well.

In August 2009, he defeated world No. 7 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and world No. 18 Tomáš Berdych en route to the semifinals of the ATP World Tour 500 event in Washington before losing to world No. 5 Andy Roddick. This performance brought him to a career-high ranking of 55, and a special exemption into the Masters 1000 Series event in Montreal, where he defeated Jesse Levine before losing to Mikhail Youzhny. He earned a wildcard into the Masters 1000 Series event in Cincinnati, where he defeated World No. 21 Tommy Haas before losing to world No. 35 Jérémy Chardy in the second round. Unseeded and ranked 55 in the world entering the US Open, Isner defeated world No. 29 Victor Hănescu in the first round, which was his first in a Grand Slam tournament since the 2007 US Open, ending a streak of six consecutive defeats. He then advanced to the third round, where he defeated world No. 5 and fellow American Andy Roddick in five sets for his first victory over Roddick, his first victory in a five-set match, and the first time he advanced past the third round of a Grand Slam tournament. He was then defeated in the fourth round by world No. 10 Fernando Verdasco in four sets. His US Open performance brought his ranking to a career high No. 39.

After playing in Vienna, Basel, and the Paris Masters, Isner finished the year at a career-high No. 34 in the world. He has credited his work with Boynton for helping him get back on track following his disappointing 2008 season.

His progress was acknowledged by his peers, as he was voted the ATP Most Improved Player for 2009, becoming the tenth American to win the award, and the first since Andre Agassi in 1998.

2010

Isner began the year at the 2010 Heineken Open in Auckland. Unseeded, he reached his second career ATP final and first since Washington in 2007. In the final, he saved a championship point to defeat 2001 Australian Open finalist Arnaud Clément for the championship. The victory in Auckland was Isner's first ATP tour title; after the victory he donated $5,000 of his winnings to aid rescue action for the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

The victory catapulted Isner into the top 30 for the first time, and also allowed him to surpass Sam Querrey to become the second-highest ranked American for the first time, behind only Andy Roddick. Isner said he intended to finish the year in the top 20, and given his ascendency in the world rankings combined with the absence of Roddick and James Blake for the 2010 Davis Cup season, it became increasingly likely that Isner would qualify to play singles for the US Davis Cup team for the first time in his career.

After Gilles Simon withdrew, Isner became the final seed for the 2010 Australian Open. In the first round, he defeated world No. 49 Andreas Seppi for his first victory ever at the Australian Open and his first victory at a Grand Slam other than the US Open. He then advanced to the round of 16 before bowing out to world No. 4 and eventual finalist Andy Murray.

After the Australian Open, Davis Cup captain Patrick McEnroe announced that Isner and Querrey would be first and second singles on the 2010 United States Davis Cup team for the team's 2010 Davis Cup World Group first-round match at Serbia on indoor clay in March 2010; Isner described the selection as "a dream come true".

Isner next entered the 2010 Regions Morgan Keegan Championships in Memphis. Seeded sixth, he made it to the finals before losing to fellow American Sam Querrey. In the doubles event, Isner teamed up with Querrey to win the tournament, defeating British-Australian pair of Ross Hutchins and Jordan Kerr.

Prior to the Davis Cup tie, Isner competed at the 2010 Abierto Mexicano Telcel Championships, an ATP World Tour 500 series event on clay, where he was the fifth seed. He lost in the first round to Simon Greul. Despite the loss, Isner following the tournament moved into the top 20 for the first time.

Isner appeared at the 2010 Davis Cup first round, where USA was up against Serbia (on the clay court surface). In his two singles matches, he faced Serbia's team of world No. 2 Novak Djokovic and world No. 35 Viktor Troicki. He lost the 1st singles match against Viktor Troicki, but bounced back by winning the doubles match with Bob Bryan, as a replacement for food-poisoned Mike Bryan. In his 2nd singles match, he lost to Novak Djokovic, which enabled Serbia to defeat the United States.

At the 2010 BNP Paribas Open Masters 1000 in Indian Wells, he was seeded No. 15, and advanced to the fourth round before losing to world No. 2 and defending champion Rafael Nadal.

Afterwards, he appeared in the second master series tournament of the season, the 2010 Sony Ericsson Open Masters 1000 in Miami, as the 17th seed. He advanced to the third round before losing to No. 12 seed Juan Carlos Ferrero.

Isner began the clay court season with an opening-round loss to world No. 89 Xavier Malisse at the U.S. Men's Claycourt Championship, followed by a round of 32 showing at his first-ever Rome Masters where he defeated Horacio Zeballos before losing to Thomaz Bellucci. However, he teamed with Querrey to reach the doubles final in Rome before losing to Bob and Mike Bryan; his doubles performance raised his doubles ranking to the top-30 for the first time.

His next tournament was the 2010 Serbian Open, where he was the second seed behind defending champion, tournament host, and world number two Djokovic. Isner advanced to the first claycourt final of his career, third final of the year, and fourth final of his career. In the final, he lost to Querrey, despite having a match point while serving up 6–3, 5–4; this was the second consecutive final Isner lost to Querrey after serving for the championship. However, Isner's finals performance improved his ranking to a career-high number 19.

Isner's next tournament was his debut appearance at the Madrid Masters. Seeded thirteenth, he advanced to the round of 16 before losing to world No. 3 and eventual champion Nadal.

Isner then played in the 2010 French Open; his ranking assured his first direct seed into a Grand Slam event. Seeded 17th, he defeated Andrey Golubev in the first round for his first ever singles victory at the French Open. He advanced to the third round, before losing to No. 15 seed and eventual semifinalist Tomáš Berdych. In the doubles, he and Querrey were the 12th seeds, but withdrew prior to the start of the tournament after Querrey's first round loss in singles.

Despite being ranked No. 19 in the world entering the Wimbledon, Isner was seeded No. 24 by the tournament committee due to his lack of playing much on grass, but was moved up to No. 23 following the withdrawal of Radek Štěpánek. In the first round, Isner played Nicolas Mahut in the longest match in tennis history, prevailing 6–4, 3–6, 6–7, 7–6, 70–68. However, fatigued and having little time to recover his energy, Isner was beaten by Thiemo de Bakker in the second round, 0–6, 3–6, 2–6, having served no aces. He also pulled out of the doubles, where he and Querrey had been 12th seeds. Despite having been eliminated in the second round, Isner's total of 113 aces were more than any other player throughout the championship. His Wimbledon performance brought his ranking to a career-high No. 18 in the world.

Isner's next tournament was the 2010 Atlanta Tennis Championships, where he played doubles with James Blake and reached the semifinals. In singles, Isner was the number two seed, and made it to his fourth final of the year, before losing to fellow compatriot Mardy Fish, which dropped his career record in finals to 1–4 (0–4 against Americans).

Isner next competed at the Legg Mason Tennis Classic, the ATP World Tour 500 series event in Washington, D.C. and site of his breakthrough performance in 2007. Isner was also to compete in the doubles with Sam Querrey, but withdrew due to shoulder concerns. Seeded fifth in the singles, Isner made it to the round of 16 before losing to Xavier Malisse.

Isner next played in the Cincinnati Masters, where he was unseeded. After defeating Łukasz Kubot in the first round he faced 2002 Wimbledon finalist and 2005 Tennis Masters Cup champion David Nalbandian, but was forced to retire up a break at 5–4 in the first set after injuring his right ankle. Although Isner was found to have suffered ligament damage to the ankle, he chose not to withdraw from the US Open singles tournament.

At the 2010 US Open, Isner was the 18th seed and defeated Frederico Gil in the first round. After the match he revealed that although the initial diagnosis was a right ankle ligament tear, a second opinion revealed that the damage was a strain and not a tear, and he declared his ankle 90% healed. He then advanced to the third round before losing to number 12 seed and 2006 US Open semifinalist Mikhail Youzhny. The loss dropped Isner out of the top twenty, and from the number two to the number four ranked American player. Due to his ankle injury, he chose not to compete in the doubles.

Following the US Open, Isner participated with Mardy Fish and Sam Querrey in the Davis Cup tie against Colombia, winning the doubles match with Fish as his partner. The US won the match 3–1 to remain in the 2011 Davis Cup world group. Isner was next granted a wildcard to participate in the 2010 China Open, his first time competing in Beijing. In the doubles, he teamed with Querrey, losing in the first round to Bob and Mike Bryan. In the singles, Isner was unseeded, but made it to the semifinals before losing to world No. 2 and defending champion Novak Djokovic 7–6, 6–2. Isner next competed in the Shanghai Masters, where he was unseeded, and made it to the second round before losing to world No. 3 and reigning Australian Open champion Roger Federer in their first meeting since the 2007 US Open.

2011

On 8 January, Isner began the year by winning, with Bethanie Mattek-Sands, for the USA, the (mixed doubles) Hopman Cup Final by 6–1, 6–3 against Belgium: Justine Henin and Ruben Bemelmans.

Following his win in Perth, Isner returned to Auckland to defend his ATP title at the 2011 Heineken Open. After a bye in his first round the third seed faced Dutch world number 52 Robin Haase. Isner defeated Hasse 3–6, 7–6, 7–5 to go through to the quarterfinals where he was defeated by David Nalbandian in straight sets 4–6, 6–7.

Isner next played in the first Grand Slam on the 2011 calendar the Australian Open. Isner, entered the tournament seeded at 20 and received a tough draw including Radek Štěpánek, Marin Čilić and Rafael Nadal. Isner came up against French world number 69 Florent Serra who he easily defeated 6–3, 7–6, 6–3. Isner faced Radek Štěpánek in the second round. After losing the first set 4–6, Isner rallied to defeat Stepanek 4–6, 6–4, 6–2, 6–1 to progress into the third round. In the third round Isner faced fellow top 20 player Marin Čilić, the match went to five sets with Cilic emerging as the eventual winner 4–6, 6–2, 6–7, 7–6, 9–7.

At the 2011 French Open, Isner was drawn against number one seed and defending champion Rafael Nadal. Isner took what was considered a surprise two-sets-to-one lead against Nadal, who had never played a five set match at Roland Garros and had only been defeated once there in the previous six years, before he was eventually defeated 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 6–2, 6–4. Nadal went on to win the title. Ironically, in the 2011 Wimbledon men's singles draw, Isner was paired against Mahut in the first round, a rematch of the world's longest match from the previous year's tournament, which he went on to win in straight sets. However, he lost in the second round to the #16 seed Nicolas Almagro in four sets, dropping his 2011 record to 11–14.

Isner next took a last-minute wild card to participate in the 2011 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships, replacing compatriot and defending champion Mardy Fish, who was chosen to play in the Davis Cup for the United States during the same weekend as the tournament. Isner was the top seed, and defeated Karol Beck, 2001 Australian Open finalist Arnaud Clement, Alex Bogomolov, Jr., and Tobias Kamke without dropping a set, to reach his first career grass court final. In the final, he defeated Olivier Rochus 6–3, 7–6 to become the first top-seed in 35 years to win the event. The title was his first of 2011 and second of his career, raised his record in ATP finals to 2–0 against non-Americans, and ended a three-match losing streak in finals. The championship raised Isner's world ranking from #48 to #36.

Isner next played in the 2011 Atlanta Tennis Championships, where he was the #3 seed. He defeated James Blake, Lu Yen-hsun and Gilles Muller to reach his second consecutive tour final, and successfully defended the ranking points he acquired from reaching the final of this event in 2010. In the final, he will face fellow American, #1 seed, and world #9 Mardy Fish in a rematch of the 2010 final. Isner was ultimately defeated by Fish 6–3, 6–7, 2–6. He then reached the semi finals of the Legg Mason Tennis Classic, defeating Tobias Kamke, James Blake, Victor Troicki, before losing to Gael Monfils 4–6, 6–3, 6–7.

At the Rogers Cup, Isner defeated Marcos Baghdatis 6–3, 6–4 but lost to Viktor Troicki 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 in the second round. Isner won the Winston-Salem Open as the fourth seed. Defeating Dudi Sela, Jarkko Nieminen, Marcos Baghdatis and Andy Roddick in the semi finals, before defeating Julien Benneteau 4-6, 6-3, 6-4 in the final.

Longest match in history

In the singles as the 23rd seed at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships, Isner, attempting to win his first 2010 match at Wimbledon, faced qualifier Nicolas Mahut in the first round. Isner won the match 6–4, 3–6, 6–7, 7–6, 70–68.

In the match, Isner set the record for most aces in a match, breaking Ivo Karlović's record of 78; Mahut passed the old mark as well. Isner served an all-time record of 113 aces, ahead of the 103 aces served by Mahut.

At 21:13 BST on June 23 the match was suspended due to darkness for a second day at 59–59 in the fifth set. The match resumed on 24 June, at 15:30 BST, starting the third day of the match. Overall, the match lasted eleven hours and five minutes. Isner also set the record for most games won in a Wimbledon match with 92.

The match brought Isner a measure of fame, particularly in the United States. He had guest appearances on "Good Morning America" and the "Late Show with David Letterman", and threw the ceremonial first pitch at a New York Yankees game in Yankee Stadium. He and Mahut also won the 2010 ESPY Award for Best Record-Breaking Performance in sport.

{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+Line Score: !width=250| !width=50|1 (32') !width=50|2 (29') !width=50|3 (49') !width=50|4 (64') !width=50|5 (491') |- ! Nicolas Mahut (Q) |4||6||7||6^{3||68 |- ! John Isner (23rd) |6||3||67||7||'''70 |}}

Playing style and equipment

Isner has a powerful serve, thanks in part to his 6-ft, 9-in height. Commentators have also praised his composure; in five consecutive 3rd-set tiebreaker wins in Washington, he delivered huge serves when it mattered most. Isner also has a very powerful forehand as well. On serve, Isner often goes for one-two points, a big serve followed up by a big forehand. He is also known to back up his serves with approaches to the net, though he does not strictly serve-and-volley. Isner's movement around the court is hampered by his body and he is hurt by players who move him around the court. Isner's fitness has improved considerably over the years and he displayed this during his win in the longest tennis match ever at Wimbledon against Nicolas Mahut.

He is sponsored by Nike and Prince for his attire and racquets respectively.

Personal life

Isner was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. He has two older brothers, Nathan and Jordan. Isner started playing tennis seriously at age 11 under the tutelage of Oscar Blacutt and Rob Stephens at the Carolina Tennis Academy. He is a graduate of Walter Hines Page Senior High School, in Greensboro, and the University of Georgia, where he majored in Speech Communication. He currently resides in Tampa, Florida where he trains at the Saddlebrook Academy alongside other American tennis pros such as James Blake and Mardy Fish. Isner is currently single and has never been married. Isner is Jewish.

Records

These records were attained in the Open Era of tennis.

{|class=wikitable !width=200|Tournament!!width=50|Year!!width=200|Record accomplished!!width=200|Player tied/shares with |- |rowspan=8|Wimbledon |rowspan=8|2010 |Most aces in an ATP singles match (113)||''Stands alone |- |Most aces in a Grand Slam singles match (113)||''Stands alone |- |Most aces in a single set (85)||''Stands alone |- |Most games won in a single match (92)||''Stands alone |- |Most winners in a single match (246)||''Stands alone |- |Longest singles match ever played (11 hours, 5 minutes)||Nicolas Mahut |- |Longest play in a single day (7 hours, 6 minutes)||Nicolas Mahut |- |Most games in a single day (118)||Nicolas Mahut |}

Career finals

Singles: 8 (3–5)

{| |valign=top| {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% !Legend (pre/post 2009) |-bgcolor=#e5d1cb |Grand Slam (0–0) |-bgcolor=#ffffcc |Tennis Masters Cup / ATP World Tour Finals (0–0) |-bgcolor=#dfe2e9 |ATP Masters Series / ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (0–0) |-bgcolor=#d0f0c0 |ATP International Series Gold / ATP World Tour 500 series (0–1) |- |ATP International Series / ATP World Tour 250 series (3–4) |} |valign=top| {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% !Titles by Surface |- |Hard (2–4) |- |Clay (0–1) |- |Grass (1–0) |- |Carpet (0–0) |} |valign=top| {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% !Titles by Surface |- |Outdoors (3–4) |- |Indoors (0–1) |} |} {|class="sortable wikitable" style=font-size:97% !width=80|Outcome !width=30|No. !width=145|Date !width=280|Tournament !width=75|Surface !width=200|Opponent in the final !width=200|Score in the final |- |bgcolor=#FFA07A|Runner-up |1. |5 August 2007 | Washington, D.C., United States |Hard | Andy Roddick |6–4, 7–6(7–4) |- |bgcolor=#98FB98|Winner |1. |16 January 2010 | Auckland, New Zealand |Hard | Arnaud Clément |6–3, 5–7, 7–6(7–2) |-bgcolor=#d0f0c0 |bgcolor=#FFA07A|Runner-up |2. |21 February 2010 | Memphis, U.S. |Hard (i) | Sam Querrey |6–7^(3–7), 7–6^(7–5), 6–3 |- |bgcolor=#FFA07A|Runner-up |3. |9 May 2010 | Belgrade, Serbia |Clay | Sam Querrey |3–6, 7–6^(7–4), 6–4 |- |bgcolor=#FFA07A|Runner-up |4. |25 July 2010 | Atlanta, U.S. |Hard | Mardy Fish |4–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–4) |- |bgcolor=#98FB98|Winner |2. |10 July 2011 | Newport, U.S. |Grass | Olivier Rochus |6–3, 7–6(8–6) |- |bgcolor=#FFA07A|Runner-up |5. |24 July 2011 | Atlanta, U.S. (2) |Hard | Mardy Fish |3–6, 7–6^(8–6), 6–2 |- |bgcolor=#98FB98|Winner |3. |27 August 2011 | Winston-Salem, U.S. |Hard | Julien Benneteau |4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |}

Doubles: 3 (3–2)

{| |valign=top| {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% !Legend (pre/post 2009) |-bgcolor=#e5d1cb |Grand Slam (0–0) |-bgcolor=#ffffcc |Tennis Masters Cup /ATP World Tour Finals (0–0) |-bgcolor=#dfe2e9 |ATP Masters Series /ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (1–1) |-bgcolor=#d0f0c0 |ATP International Series Gold /ATP World Tour 500 series (1–0) |- |ATP International Series /ATP World Tour 250 series (1–1) |} |valign=top| {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% !Titles by Surface |- |Hard (1–0) |- |Clay (1–2) |- |Grass (1–0) |- |Carpet (0–0) |} |valign=top| {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% !Titles by Surface |- |Outdoors (3–2) |- |Indoors (0–0) |} |} ;Wins (3) / Runner-ups (1) {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% !width=70|Outcome !width=20|No. !width=120|Date !width=180|Tournament !width=60|Surface !width=140|Partner !width=180|Opponents in the final !width=140|Score |- |bgcolor=#98FB98|Winner |1. |July 7, 2008 |Newport, United States |Grass | Mardy Fish | Rohan Bopanna Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi |6–4, 7–6(7–1) |-bgcolor=#d0f0c0 |bgcolor=#98FB98|Winner |2. |February 21, 2010 |Memphis, U.S. |Hard | Sam Querrey | Ross Hutchins Jordan Kerr |6–4, 6–4 |-bgcolor=#dfe2e9 |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up |1. |May 2, 2010 |Rome, Italy |Clay | Sam Querrey | Bob Bryan Mike Bryan |2–6, 3–6 |- |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up |2. |April 9, 2011 |Houston, United States |Clay | Sam Querrey | Bob Bryan Mike Bryan |7–6^(7–4), 2–6, [5–10] |-bgcolor=#dfe2e9 |bgcolor=#98FB98|Winner |3. |May 15, 2011 |Rome, Italy |Clay | Sam Querrey | Mardy Fish Andy Roddick |W/O |}

Mixed Doubles

In January 2011, Isner teamed with Bethanie Mattek-Sands for the USA, and they reached the (mixed doubles) Hopman Cup Final – Belgium V USA that they won 6–1 6–3 (Belgium: Justine Henin and Ruben Bemelmans)

Singles performance timeline

''To prevent confusion and double counting, information in this table is updated only after a tournament or the player's participation in the tournament has concluded. This table is current through March 30, 2011. {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;font-size:98% !Tournament!!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!width=35|SR!!width=35|W–L |- |colspan=8 align=left|'''Grand Slam Tournaments |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Australian Open |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#afeeee|4R |bgcolor=#afeeee|3R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 4 |bgcolor=#efefef|5–4 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|French Open |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|3R |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 3 |bgcolor=#efefef|2–3 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Wimbledon |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 3 |bgcolor=#efefef|2–3 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|US Open |bgcolor=#afeeee|3R |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#afeeee|4R |bgcolor=#afeeee|3R | |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 4 |bgcolor=#efefef|7–4 |- !style=text-align:left|Win–Loss !2–1 !0–4 !3–2 !8–4 !3–3 !0 / 14 !16–14 |- |colspan=8 align=left|'''Year-End Championship |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|ATP World Tour Finals |A |A |A |A | !0 / 0 !0–0 |- |colspan=8 align=left|'''Olympic Games |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Summer Olympics |style=color:#ccc|NH |A |colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Not Held !0 / 0 !0–0 |- |colspan=8 align=left|'''ATP World Tour Masters 1000 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Indian Wells Masters |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|4R |bgcolor=#afeeee|4R |bgcolor=#afeeee|3R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 4 |bgcolor=#efefef|7–4 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Miami Masters |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|3R |bgcolor=#afeeee|4R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 4 |bgcolor=#efefef|4–4 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Monte Carlo Masters |A |A |A |A |A |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 0 |bgcolor=#efefef|0–0 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Rome Masters |A |A |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 2 |bgcolor=#efefef|1–2 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Madrid Masters |A |A |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|3R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 2 |bgcolor=#efefef|3–2 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Canada Masters |A |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 2 |bgcolor=#efefef|2–2 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Cincinnati Masters |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 5 |bgcolor=#efefef|3–5 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Shanghai Masters |colspan=2 style=color:#ccc|NMS |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R | |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 2 |bgcolor=#efefef|1–2 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Paris Masters |A |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R |bgcolor=#afeeee|2R | |bgcolor=#efefef|0 / 2 |bgcolor=#efefef|1–2 |- !style=text-align:left|Win–Loss !0–1 !2–3 !7–6 !8–7 !5–6 !0 / 23 !22–23 |- |colspan=8 align=left|'''Career Statistics |- !style=text-align:left|Titles–Finals !0–1 !0–0 !0–0 !1–4 !2–3 ! !3–8 |- |bgcolor=#efefef align=left|Year End Ranking |106 |144 |34 |19 | !colspan=2| |}

Head-to-head record against other players

Isner's win-loss record against certain players who have been ranked World No. 10 or higher is as follows:

''Players who have been ranked World No. 1 are in boldface.''

Marcos Baghdatis 3–0

Tommy Haas 3–1

Arnaud Clément 2–0

Tommy Robredo 1–0

Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 1–0

Gaël Monfils 3–3

Richard Gasquet 1–1

Stanislas Wawrinka 1–1

Fernando González 1–1

Marat Safin 1–1

Andy Roddick 2–3

Nikolay Davydenko 1–2

Tomáš Berdych 1–2

Juan Carlos Ferrero 0–1

Andy Murray 0–1

Fernando Verdasco 0–1

David Nalbandian 0–2

Novak Djokovic 0–2

Roger Federer 0–2

Lleyton Hewitt 0–2

Mikhail Youzhny 0–2

Juan Martín del Potro 0–3

Rafael Nadal 0–3

David Ferrer 0–3

: *As of 2011-08-26.

References

External links

John Isner tennis gear

Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:American male tennis players Category:American Presbyterians Category:Georgia Bulldogs tennis players Category:People from Greensboro, North Carolina Category:People from Tampa, Florida Category:Tennis people from Florida Category:Tennis people from North Carolina

ar:جون إيسنر zh-min-nan:John Isner ca:John Isner cs:John Isner da:John Isner de:John Isner es:John Isner fr:John Isner hr:John Isner id:John Isner it:John Isner lv:Džons Isners hu:John Isner mr:जॉन आइस्नर nl:John Isner ja:ジョン・イスナー pl:John Isner pt:John Isner ro:John Isner ru:Изнер, Джон simple:John Isner sk:John Isner sr:Џон Изнер sh:John Isner fi:John Isner zh:約翰·伊斯內爾

Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
Name	Super Crazy
Names	HisteriaEl LoccoSuper CrazySuper CrazzySuper LoboSuper LocoSuper Virus
Height
Weight
Birth date	December 03, 1973
Birth place	Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico
Resides	Tupelo, Mississippi
Billed	Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico
Trainer	Rey CuerveroRey Pantera
Debut	February 4, 1988
Retired	}}

Francisco Islas Rueda (born December 3, 1973) is a Mexican professional wrestler, or ''Luchador'', best known by his ring name Super Crazy. Islas is most known for his three year run in the original ECW. In Mexico Islas has worked for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) and made appearances for various independent promotions but is not currently associated with one specific Mexican promotion. As Super Crazy, Islas first got American exposure by working for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) between 1998 and 2000. He has also toured Japan on several occasions working for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE (Zero-1) and most recently for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) where he participated in the 2009 Junior League.

Professional wrestling career

Francisco Islas made his professional wrestling debut in February 1988, at just 14 years of age, after being trained by his older brother Rey Pantera. Islas took the ring name "Super Crazy". He initially worked as an ''enmascarado'', or masked wrestler, but lost the mask just over a month after his debut when he lost a ''Luchas de Apuestas'' (a "bet match") to El Seminarista in March, 1988. From 1988 until 1995 Super Crazy was a mainstay on the Mexican independent circuit working for various promotions, including appearances for the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) in the year leading up to its closure. In the UWA Super Crazy won the UWA World Welterweight Championship on November 17, 1995 and held the title when the UWA closed in December 1995. After the UWA closed Super Crazy still used and defended the UWA title on various independent shows but once he signed with Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion in 1996 the title was not mentioned. In AAA he was given a new gimmick, a masked ''Rudo'' (villain or heel) character called "Histeria" (sometimes Anglicised as "Hysteria"). Together with Abismo Negro, Maniaco, Mosco de la Merced I and Mach-1 he comprised a wrestling group called ''Rudos de la Galaxia'' (Spanish for "The bad guys of the universe"), a group that was involved in a storyline feud with a ''tecnico'' (good guy or face) group called ''Los Cadetos del Espacio'' (Spanish for "the Space Cadets"). In the spring of 1997 Islas, as Histeria, made a couple of appearances for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) due to an AAA/WWF working agreement. Histeria worked mainly against ''Los Cadetos del Espacio'', especially Venum in his appearances on ''RAW is WAR'' and ''Shotgun''. In September 1997 Islas left AAA, giving the "Histeria" name and outfit to another AAA wrestler who had worked as "Quarterback" up until that time, he still wrestles as Histeria today.

Islas resumed working as "Super Crazy" when he left AAA to join the newly created Promo Azteca. Super Crazy also continued his feud with Venum, who now worked as "Venum Black" after leaving AAA, a feud that culminated in a "mask vs. hair" ''Luchas de Apuesta'' that Super Crazy won, unmasking Venum Black. After leaving AAA Super Crazy began defending the UWA World Welterweight title, losing it to Kid Guzmán in 1997. Super Crazy regained the title on June 15, 1998 during a show in Japan and successfully defended the title until October 13, 2000 where he lost it to El Orientál. In November 1997 Islas began working for WWF under the name "Super Loco", mainly on their ''Super Astros'' shows, his only "Main show" appearance was a loss to El Águila in the first round of the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship tournament.

Extreme Championship Wrestling (1998–2001)

Super Crazy was signed to a contract by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) owner Paul Heyman after having seen Super Crazy work for the WWF and on the recommendation of Konnan who had worked for Heyman. Super Crazy was signed in 1998 and was paired with other smaller wrestlers, such as Yoshihiro Tajiri and Little Guido Maritato, producing a series of very well received matches between 1998 and 2000. Crazy won the ECW Television Championship at Living Dangerously 2000 Pay-Per-View (PPV). The title had been vacated by Rob Van Dam due to an injury, and a tournament was held to crown a new champion which Super Crazy won. After defeating Little Guido in the semi-finals earlier in the night, Super Crazy went on to defeat Rhino in the tournament final. Crazy lost the title a month later to Tajiri. Super Crazy kept working for ECW until it closed in early 2001.

Independent circuit (2001–2005)

After ECW folded, Super Crazy wrestled for different promotions in the US, including the hardcore promotions Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) and Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), cementing his status as "the Extreme Luchador" or "the Insane Luchador". He also began working for Puerto Rico-based International Wrestling Association (IWA). At Ring of Honor's debut show, ''The Era of Honor Begins'' on February 23, 2002, Crazy defeated Eddie Guerrero to become the inaugural IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion. He was defeated for the title on April 6 by Andy Anderson. Crazy regained the title on April 13 when Anderson forfeited it due to injury. Crazy lost the title once more on April 20, when he was defeated by Anarchy. Super Crazy also held the IWA Hardcore Championship on nine occasions between 2002 and 2005. He also held the IWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship three times in that time period. On February 24, 2001 Super Crazy defeated Pablo Marquez to win the UWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship, which like the UWA Welterweight title was still used on the independent scene in Mexico and Puerto Rico. By the end of 2001 Super Crazy vacated the UWA Junior Heavyweight title. Super Crazy made a couple of special appearances for his old company AAA, teaming with El Alebrije and Randy to defeat Máscara Magligna, Pentagón and Monsther at the 2001 ''Verano de Escandalo''. At the following year's ''Verano de Escandalo'' Super Crazy teamed with Mr. Águila, La Parka and Latin Lover to defeat Cibernético, Heavy Metal, Héctor Garza and Leatherface.

He made four tours with New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) in 2002 and 2003. His first tour lasted from November to December, 2002 and saw Super Crazy work mainly tag matches, teaming mainly with Koji Kanemoto and/or the Stampede Kid against a variety of opponents including Jushin Liger, El Samurai and Heat. His second tour took place in February, 2003 and saw Super Crazy team up mainly with Curry Man and Tiger Mask IV. Super Crazy mainly faced Jushin Liger's CTU faction. The third tour took place in May, 2003, this time Super Crazy often worked with other ''Luchadors'' touring NJPW at the time including Último Guerrero, Rey Bucanero and Sangre Azteca. His fourth, and so far final, NJPW tour took place in October and November, 2003, again Crazy mainly worked in tag team matches, siding with Koji Kanemoto or Tiger Mask IV against a variety of opponents. Super Crazy appeared on the March 5, 2003 edition of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's weekly PPV's as one of Konnan's ''luchador'' challengers, where he lost to Jerry Lynn.**REF** Between January and March 2005 Super Crazy worked for the Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE, winning the ZERO-ONE/UPW/WORLD-1 International Junior Heavyweight Championship from Tatsuhito Takaiwa on December 18, 2004. Crazy lost the title on Ikuto Hidaka on April 14, 2005 at Zero-1's ''Outburst Revolution'' show.

World Wrestling Entertainment (2005-2008)

In 2005, Crazy signed a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He initially appeared at the WWE-promoted ECW One Night Stand on June 12, 2005 winning an international three-way dance by pinning Yoshihiro Tajiri in the final pinfall of the match. During the match, he performed a moonsault from a second story balcony.

SmackDown! (2005–2006)

Crazy's first appearance on WWE television came during the June 18, 2005 airing of ''SmackDown!'''s sister show ''WWE Velocity'', teaming with Psicosis to defeat Akio and Billy Kidman. Psicosis, Super Crazy, and Juventud grouped together to form a stable known as The Mexicools. The group made their debut as heels on the June 23, edition of ''SmackDown!'' when all three members rode to the ring on John Deere lawn mowers with the decals altered to say ''Juan'' Deere (''John'' in Spanish) and wearing matching coveralls. They then attacked Chavo Guerrero and Paul London during their Cruiserweight Championship match. Juventud cut a promo questioning the lack of "true Mexican luchadores" in the Cruiserweight Division, before going on to deride the current state of Mexican Americans in general. Psicosis dubbed the lawnmower they arrived on a "Mexican Limo 2005" and the group claimed that even Mexico's President mocks Mexicans in the United States (in reference to Vicente Fox's controversial remark that Mexican immigrants do the jobs "not even the blacks want to do"). Juventud then stated that they were "no longer there to clean toilets and work for "them" (the "gringos") but "they" were going to be working for "us" (The Mexicools)", before dubbing the team "not Mexi''cans'' but Mexi''cools''!" In the following weeks, they continued to interfere in matches and mock the stereotypical image of Mexicans in the United States.

Despite being introduced as heels, the group quickly became favorites of the audience and eventually began acting as faces. They received strong approval from the audience even during their debut, which occurred in Tucson, Arizona. On July 24 at The Great American Bash, Psicosis pinned Stevie Richards to secure the Mexicools' first PPV win in a six-man tag match with the bWo. During December 2 edition of ''SmackDown!'', Super Crazy and Psicosis competed in an over the top rope battle royal against 5 other tag teams. The pair managed to win and earned themselves a match against MNM at Armageddon for the WWE Tag Team Championship. Unfortunately for the Mexicools, MNM lost the tag team titles before their match. Not long after, Super Crazy and Psicosis became the only Mexicools left in WWE, as Juventud was released from WWE on January 6, 2006. Super Crazy and Psicosis continued to wrestle as a tag team, but Crazy got his own push as a singles competitor, eventually earning himself #1 contendership for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship. By June, 2006 Super Crazy's partnership with Psicosis on ''SmackDown!'' began to crumble when Psicosis repeatedly abandoned Crazy during incidents with a monster heel known as The Great Khali. This resulted in the pairing splitting up and then engaging in a short-lived feud after Psicosis turned heel. After the breakup, both Psicosis and Super Crazy disappeared off WWE programming.

Raw (2006–2008)

On September 4, Super Crazy made his ''Raw'' debut with a victory over Chris Masters using his trademark moonsault. Crazy continued his feud with Masters throughout September, defeated him once more and competing with Masters, along with four other wrestlers (Johnny Nitro, Carlito, Jeff Hardy and Randy Orton) in a Six-Pack Challenge Match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship on the September 18 edition of ''Raw'', which neither Masters or Crazy were able to win. Crazy was then involved in angles with Nitro and Melina, during which he was aligned with Mickie James, who was feuding with Melina at the time.

Super Crazy suffered an injury to his left knee at a house show which occurred on April 21, 2007 in Oberhausen, Germany. The injury was believed to be a MCL tear. Super Crazy returned to action on June 1 in a match taped for ''Heat'', losing to the returning William Regal. On the July 2 edition of ''Raw'', Super Crazy was Mr. Kennedy's opponent in a ''Beat the Clock'' match. Before the match began, Super Crazy appeared to have agreed to let Kennedy win, however he defeated Kennedy with a roll-up shortly after the match began, while Kennedy was performing his introduction. Kennedy assaulted Super Crazy later that night. Kennedy then defeated Super Crazy in a grudge match two weeks later. In October 2007, Super Crazy formed a tag team with Jim Duggan. The team primarily competed on ''Heat'' to moderate success until Super Crazy was drafted to the ECW brand.

ECW and Departure (2008)

As part of the 2008 WWE Supplemental Draft, Super Crazy was drafted to the ECW brand. Super Crazy returned to SmackDown (although wearing an ECW shirt), losing to The Brian Kendrick. On the August 19 edition of ''ECW on Sci-Fi'', Super Crazy debuted on the ECW brand, teaming with Evan Bourne and Tommy Dreamer in a losing effort to John Morrison, Chavo Guerrero and The Miz. On October 17 edition of SmackDown!, he was defeated by The Brian Kendrick's bodyguard, Ezekiel Jackson. The following week he was defeated by The Brian Kendrick as well, in what turned out to be his last televised match with WWE. On November 5, 2008 World Wrestling Entertainment announced on their website that Islas had been released from his WWE contract. According to the latest edition of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter, Islas asked for his release on November 1 as he was unhappy with his place in the company.

Independent circuit (2008–present)

Shortly after his release from the WWE Super Crazy returned to Mexico, working a series of shows for Perro Aguayo, Jr.'s ''Perros del Mal Producciones''. Super Crazy wrestled several matches against the "Los Perros del Mal" group, as well as reuniting for one night with Juventud Guerrera. On January 10, 2009 Super Crazy defeated X-Fly (former ''Rudos del Galaxia'' teammate Mosco de la Merced under a new name) in a "Hair vs. Hair" ''Luchas de Apuestas'' His latest appearance for Los Perros del Mal saw Super Crazy side with Los Perros, teaming with Perro Aguayo, Jr. and Damian 666 in a losing effort against LA Par-K, Olímpico and Super Porky on June 20, 2009.

On February 14, 2009, Super Crazy made his return to International Wrestling Association in Puerto Rico where he won the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship for a third time by defeating Joe Bravo. Super Crazy held the title until May 16, 2009 where he lost the title to Rick Stanley at IWA's ''Juicio Final'' Show. On May 2, 2009, he challenged Blue Demon, Jr. for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on an event in Tyler, Texas, but was defeated by Blue Demon, Jr. Super Crazy received a second shot at the World title on August 9, 2009 in a match that also included Oliver John but once again came up short In July 2009 Super Crazy traveled to Japan to participate in All Japan Pro Wrestling's Junior League. Super Crazy qualified for the semifinal by defeating NOSAWA Rongai and Toshizo and wrestling to a draw against Kaz Hayashi. In the semifinal Super Crazy defeated Minoru but was defeated by Shuji Kondo in the final on August 7. While in Japan Super Crazy also made an appearance for HUSTLE, working as "Super Virus", teaming with Devil Pierroth and Rey Ohara, losing to KG, Shiro Koshinaka and Taijiri.

On August 8, 2009, Super Crazy made a surprise appearance for Xtreme Latin American Wrestling (X–LAW) where he defeated Panama Jack Daniels in an unannounced match to become the promotion's new Junior Heavyweight Champion. Super Crazy defended the X–LAW Junior Heavyweight Championship on September 8, 2009 against Halloween and NOSAWA in a three-way death match.

On January 30, 2010, as part of WrestleReunion 4, Super Crazy made his debut for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla in a match, where he was defeated by Human Tornado.

On June 6, 2010, Super Crazy appeared at AAA's TripleManía XVIII as a representative of Perros del Mal Producciones. On June 20, 2010, Super Crazy was a surprise at AAA's television taping in Zapopan, Jalisco. He would team with Foreign Legion members Chessman and Alex Koslov losing to Extreme Tiger, Joe Lider and Nicho el Millonario. During the main event, Crazy along with Los Perros del Mal attacked Dr. Wagner Jr.. On July 4, 2010 in Merida, Yucatan, Super Crazy, Damián 666 and Halloween faced Dr. Wagner Jr., Joe Lider and Nicho el Millonario in a victorious effort.

On December 5, 2010, Super Crazy wrestled for Xplosión Nacional de Lucha (XNL) in Chile, facing XL and Giger in a three–way, two–fall match, where the first fall would be contested for XL's XNL Championship and the second for Crazy's X–LAW Junior Heavyweight Championship. In the first fall Crazy pinned XL to win the XNL Championship, but the roles were reversed in the second fall, when XL pinned Crazy to win the X–LAW Junior Heavyweight Championship.

In 2010 and 2011, Super Crazy represented ''Los Perros del Mal'' in the group's feud with ''Los Psycho Circus''. On May 29, 2011, at ''Perros del Mal Producciones''' third anniversary show, the two groups faced each other in a six man tag team steel cage Masks vs. Hairs ''Lucha de Apuesta'', which ended with Super Crazy being left in the cage, forcing him to have his head shaved bald.

Personal life

Islas is married to Maria Ramírez and they have two children together. He has a tattoo of a sun on one of his upper biceps, as well as a Mexican designed signature tattoo on the other. Islas' brother, cousin and nephew are also professional wrestlers, and they compete under the ring names Rey Cuervero, Crazy Boy and Pesadilla, respectively.

In wrestling

Finishing moves :*''Crazy Bomb'' (Straight jacket lifted and dropped into a powerbomb) :*Moonsault, sometimes while springboarding :*''Trifecta'' (Three moonsaults in a row, one from each of the three turnbuckles in ascending order)

Signature moves :*Corkscrew plancha :*Dropkick :*Mounted punches in the corner, with the fans counting to ten in Spanish (ECW)

Nicknames

:*"The Extreme Luchadore" (ECW) :*"The Insane Luchadore" (WWE)

Entrance themes

:*"El Guerrero Nomad" (ECW) :*"Roadhouse Blues" by The Doors (ECW) :*"Muy Loco" by Jim Johnston (WWE) :*"Perros" by Cartel de Santa (used while a member of ''Los Perros del Mal'')

Championships and accomplishments

All Japan Pro Wrestling

:*AJPW Junior Tag League 2010 – with BUSHI

Extreme Championship Wrestling

:*ECW World Television Championship (1 time)

International Wrestling Association

:*IWA Hardcore Championship (9 times) :*IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (2 times) :*IWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (3 times)

NWA: Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling

:*NWA Canadian Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated

:*PWI ranked him #198 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the PWI Years in 2003 :*PWI ranked him #37 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1999

Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE

:*ZERO-ONE/UPW/WORLD-1 International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Ring of Honor

:*IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Súper X

:*NWE World Cruiserweight Championship (1 time, current)

Universal Wrestling Association

:*UWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time) :*UWA World Welterweight Championship (2 times)

Xplosión Nacional de Lucha

:*XNL Championship (1 time, current)

Xtreme Latin American Wrestling

:*X–LAW Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Luchas de apuestas record

{|class="wikitable" width=100% border=1 |- !style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=5%|Wager !style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=20%|Winner !style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=20%|Loser !style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=20%|Location !style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=15%|Date !style="background: #e3e3e3;" width=20%|Notes |----- align="center" |Mask || El Seminarista || Super Crazy || Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico State || || |----- align="center" |Hair || Super Crazy || Kid Guzmán || Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico State || ||   |----- align="center" |Mask || Super Crazy || Venum Black || Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico State || || |----- align="center" |Hair || Zumbido || Super Crazy || Mexico City, Mexico || || |----- align="center" |Hair || Super Crazy || X-Fly || Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas || || ''Relevos suicida'' match: lost a match to Scorpio, Jr. and Zumbido, Damián 666 and Mr. Águila |----- align="center" |Hair || Psycho Clown || Super Crazy || Mexico City, Distrito Federal || || Six man tag team steel cage Masks vs. Hairs match, where ''Los Perros del Mal'' (Crazy, El Hijo del Perro Aguayo and Damián 666) faced ''Los Psycho Circus'' (Psycho Clown, Monster Clown and Murder Clown). |}

References

External links

AAA profile

Online World of Wrestling profile

Category:1973 births Category:Mexican professional wrestlers Category:People from Hidalgo Category:Living people

es:Super Crazy fr:Francisco Pantoja Islas it:Francisco Pantoja Islas ja:フランシスコ・イスラス pl:Super Crazy pt:Super Crazy simple:Super Crazy