A television program (television programme in the United Kingdom, Ireland and many Commonwealth countries), also called television show (in the United States), is a segment of content, which is intended to be broadcast on television. It is the product of a television production—or the filmmaking process. It may be a one-time broadcast or part of a periodically recurring series.

A television series that is predetermined to be broadcast as a set number of programs is usually called a miniseries or serial (although the latter term also has other meanings). A short-run of a series lasting less than a year is known as a ''season''—though in the United Kingdom and (some of) the rest of the PAL countries, the term ''series'' is used. This season, or series, usually consists of 12 to 26 installments in the United States, but in the UK there is no defined length. The US-industry practice tends to favor longer seasons than those of some other countries.

A single program of a series is called an episode. A one-time broadcast may be called a "special", or particularly in the UK a "special episode". A television movie ("made-for-TV movie"), or in the UK a television film, is a film that is initially broadcast on television rather than released in cinemas or direct-to-video, although many successful TV movies are later released on DVD.

A program can be either recorded—as on video tape or other various electronic media forms—or considered live television.

Program content

The content of television programs may be factual—as in documentary, news, and reality television, or fictional—as in comedies and dramas. It may be topical—as in the case of a local newscast and some made-for-television movies, or historical—as in the case of many documentaries and fictional series. They could be primarily instructional or educational, or entertaining as is the case in situation comedy and game shows.

A drama program usually features a set of actors in a somewhat familiar setting. The program follows their lives and their adventures. With the exception of soap operas, many shows especially before the 1980s, remained static without story arcs, the main characters and the premise changed little. If some change happened to the characters lives during the episode, it was usually undone by the end. (Because of this, the episodes could be broadcast in any order.) Since the 1980s, there are many series that feature progressive change to the plot, the characters, or both.

Common television program periods include regular broadcasts (like news), series (usually seasonal and ongoing with a duration of only a few episodes to many seasons), or miniseries, which is an extended film, usually with a small predetermined number of episodes and a set plot and timeline. Miniseries usually range from about 3 to 10 hours in length. In the UK, the term "miniseries" is only usually used in reference to imported programmes, and such short-run series are usually called "serials".

Older American television shows began with a title sequence showing opening credits at the bottom lower third of the screen during the beginning, and included closing credits at the end of the show. However, beginning in the 1990s some shows began with a "cold open", followed by a title sequence and a commercial break. Many serial-type shows begin with a "Previously on..." (such as the series ''24'') introduction before the new episode. And, to save time, some shows omit the title sequence altogether, folding the names normally featured there into the opening credits. The title sequence has not been completely eliminated, however, as many major television series still use them.

While television series appearing on TV networks are usually commissioned by the networks themselves, their producers earn greater revenue when the program is sold into syndication. With the rise of the DVD home video format, box sets containing entire seasons or the complete run of a program have become a significant revenue source as well. Many of the prime-time comedy shows and Saturday morning cartoons were digitally remastered for United States television around mid-May 2008, as there will be more original and reissued DVD sets of television programs containing either entire seasons or complete series to come.

Television has changed throughout the years, from wholesome family sitcoms and dramas of years ago, to the reality shows of today. When watching television became popular in the mid-20th century, the whole family watched one set together. Also, many channels have deviated from their original programming focus throughout the years because of channel drift.

Most television networks throughout the world are 'commercial', dependent on selling advertising time or acquiring sponsors, broadcasting executives' main concern over their programming is on audience size or ''eyeballs''. Once the number of 'free to air' stations was restricted by the availability of channel frequencies, but cable TV (outside the USA, satellite television) technology has allowed an expansion in the number of channels available to viewers (sometimes at premium rates) in a much more competitive environment.

Genres

Scripted entertainment

Animated

Award shows (partially scripted)

Drama—which includes:

* Action-adventure or Thriller

* Comedy-drama

* Family drama

* Legal drama

* Medical drama

* Police procedural

* Political drama

* Science-fiction / Fantasy / Horror / Supernatural drama

* Serial drama

* Soap opera

* Teen drama

Miniseries and Television movies

Comedy

* Mockumentary

* Satire

* Situation comedy

* Sketch comedy

Unscripted entertainment

Game shows

Reality

Talk shows

Informational

Infomercials—paid advertising which are up to an hour long

News programs

documentaries

news magazine shows—dealing with current affairs

Development

United States

A person decides to create a new television ''series''. The show's creator develops the show's elements, consisting of the concept, the characters, the crew, and various actors (in some cases, "big-name" actors). They will then offer ("pitch") it to the various networks in an attempt to find one that is interested in the series and order a prototype first episode of the series, known as a ''pilot''.

To create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series needs to be put together. If the network likes the pilot, they will "pick up" the show for their next ''season'' (UK: ''series''). Sometimes they will save it for "midseason" or request rewrites and further review (known in the industry as "Development hell"). And other times they will ''pass'' entirely, leaving the show's creator forced to "shop it around" to other networks. Many shows never make it past the pilot stage.

If the show is picked up, a "run" of episodes is ordered. Usually only 13 episodes are ordered at first, although a series will typically last for at least 22 episodes (the last nine episodes sometimes being known as the "back nine", borrowing the colloquial golf term).

The show hires a "stable" of writers, who usually work in parallel: the first writer works on the first episode, the second on the second episode, and so forth. When all of the writers have been used, the assignment of episodes continues starting with the first writer again. On other shows, however, the writers work as a team. Sometimes they will develop story ideas individually, and pitch them to the show's creator, who then folds them together into a script and rewrites them.

United Kingdom

In contrast to the US model illustrated above, the UK procedure is operated on a sometimes similar, but much smaller scale.

The method of "team writing" is employed on some longer dramatic series (usually running up to a maximum of around 13 episodes). The idea for such a programme may be generated "in-house" by one of the networks; it could originate from an independent production company; it will sometimes be a product of both. For example, the BBC's long-running soap opera ''EastEnders'' is wholly a BBC production, whereas its popular drama ''Life on Mars'' was developed by Kudos in association with the broadcaster.

However, there are still a significant number of programmes (usually sitcoms) that are built around just one or two writers and a small, close-knit production team. These are "pitched" in the traditional way, but since the creator(s) will handle all the writing requirements, there will be a run of six or seven episodes per series once approval has been given. Many of the most popular British comedies have been made this way, including ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' (albeit with an exclusive team of six writer-performers), ''Fawlty Towers'', ''Blackadder'' and ''The Office''.

Production

The executive producer, often the show's creator, is in charge of running the show. They pick the crew and help cast the actors, approve and sometimes write series plots (some even write or direct major episodes). Various other producers help to ensure that the show runs smoothly.

As with filmmaking or other electronic media production, production of an individual episode can be divided into three parts. These are:

Pre-production

Pre-production begins when a script is approved. A director is chosen to plan the episode's final look.

Pre-production tasks include storyboarding, construction of sets, props, and costumes, casting guest stars, budgeting, acquiring resources like lighting, special effects, stunts, etc. Once the show is planned, it must then be scheduled; scenes are often filmed out of sequence, guest actors or even regulars may only be available at certain times. Sometimes the principal photography of different episodes must be done at the same time, complicating the schedule (a guest star might shoot scenes from two episodes on the same afternoon). Complex scenes are translated from storyboard to animatics to further clarify the action. Scripts are adjusted to meet altering requirements.

Some shows have a small stable of directors, but also usually rely on outside directors. Given the time constraints of broadcasting, a single show might have two or three episodes in pre-production, one or two episodes in principal photography, and a few more in various stages of post-production. The task of directing is complex enough that a single director can usually not work on more than one episode or show at a time, hence the need for multiple directors.

Principal photography

Principal photography is the actual filming of the episode. Director, actors and crew will gather at a television studio or on location for filming or videoing a scene. A scene is further divided into shots, which should be planned during pre-production. Depending on scheduling, a scene may be shot in non-sequential order of the story. Conversations may be filmed twice from different camera angles, often using stand-ins, so one actor might perform all their lines in one set of shots, and then the other side of the conversation will be filmed from the opposite perspective. To complete a production on time, a second unit may be filming a different scene on another set or location at the same time, using a different set of actors, an assistant director, and a second unit crew. A director of photography supervises the lighting of each shot to ensure consistency.

Post production

Once principal photography is complete, producers coordinate tasks to begin the video editing. Visual and digital video effects are added to the film; this is often outsourced to companies specializing in these areas. Often music is performed with the conductor using the film as a time reference (other musical elements may be previously recorded). An editor cuts the various pieces of film together, adds the musical score and effects, determines scene transitions, and assembles the completed show.

Distribution

After production, the show is turned over to the television network, which sends it out to its affiliate stations, which broadcast it in the specified broadcast programming time slot. If the Nielsen ratings are good, the show is kept alive as long as possible. If not, the show is usually canceled. The show's creators are then left to shop around remaining episodes, and the possibility of future episodes, to other networks. On especially successful series, the producers sometimes call a halt to a series on their own like ''Seinfeld'', ''The Cosby Show'', ''Corner Gas'', and ''M*A*S*H'' and end it with a concluding episode, which sometimes is a big series finale.

On rare occasions, a series that has not attracted particularly high ratings and has been canceled can be given a reprieve if DVD sales have been particularly strong. This has happened in the cases of ''Family Guy'' in the US and ''Peep Show'' in the UK.

If the show is popular or lucrative, and a number of episodes (usually 100 episodes or more) are made, it goes into broadcast syndication (in the USA) where broadcast to the program rights are then resold.

== == The terminology used to define a set of episodes produced by a television series varies from country to country.

North American usage

The term "series", in North American usage, refers to a connected set of television program episodes that run under the same title, possibly spanning many seasons. A new series is often ordered (funded) for just the first 10 to 13 episodes, to gauge the audience interest. If it is "picked up", the season is completed to the regular 20 to 26 episodes. The term "midseason replacement" usually refers to an inexpensive short-run (10–13 episode) show designed to take the place of an original series which failed to garner an audience and has not been picked up. The term "series finale" can lead to confusion outside of North America. A series finale means that the show will no longer be produced, and thus will be the final episode for that series (in the UK, it would mean the end of a season).

In North America the term "television season" is used inconsistently. A "full season" typically runs from September through May, with a hiatus between December and February. This broadcast programming schedule typically includes 20 to 26 episodes. A full season is sometimes split into two separate units (confusingly also termed seasons) with one before and one after the hiatus. These smaller "seasons" usually contain half the number of episodes (10–13).

More recently these shorter seasons have been referred to as ".5" or half seasons, where the run of shows between September and December is labeled "Season N", and the second run between February and May labeled "Season N.5". This is typically done to increase DVD sales of the show. The distributor will release the first half of the season in stores just before the second half first airs, in order to increase interest in the season's second half. Examples of this would be the science fiction remake ''Battlestar Galactica'', its prequel ''Caprica'', ABC's ''FlashForward'', and NBC's ''Heroes''.

UK and Australia usage

In the United Kingdom, on the ABC in Australia and in other countries, these sets of episodes are referred to as a series.

Australian television does not follow ''seasons'' in the way that US television does. So there is no "Fall Season" or "Fall schedule", for example. In Australia, a batch of episodes will still sometimes be called a "season" as per American terminology, although the UK term "series" is also used. For many years popular night time dramas in Australia would run much of the year, and would only go into recess over the summer period (December–February) where ratings are not taken. Therefore popular dramas would usually run February–November each year. This schedule was used in the 1970s for popular dramas including ''Number 96''. ''Neighbours'' and other dramas continue this routine as at 2010. Australian situation comedy series usually have seasons of about 13 episodes, and might premiere at any month between February and November.

British shows have tended toward shorter series in recent years. For example, the first series of long-running science fiction show ''Doctor Who'' in 1963 featured forty-two 25-minute episodes, which had been reduced gradually to fourteen 25-minute episodes in 1989. The revival of ''Doctor Who'' has comprised thirteen 45-minute installments. However, there are some series in the UK that have a larger number of episodes, for example ''Waterloo Road'' started with 8–12 episodes but from series three onward, it increased to 20 episodes, and season seven will contain 30 episodes. Recently, American non-cable networks have also begun to experiment with shorter seasons for some programs, particularly reality shows such as ''Survivor''. However, they often air two seasons per year, resulting in roughly the same number of episodes per year as a drama.

This is a reduction from the 1950s, in which many American shows (e.g., ''The Twilight Zone'') had between 29 and 39 episodes per season. Actual storytelling time within a commercial television hour has also gradually reduced over the years, from 50 minutes out of every 60 to the current 44 (and even less on some networks), beginning in the early 21st century.

Japanese usage

The Japanese have sometimes subdivided television series and dramas into , from the French term "cours" for "course", which is a three-month period usually of 13 episodes. Each ''kūru'' generally has its own opening and ending image sequence and song, recordings of which are often sold. The number of episodes permitted per season ranges from three to 65. (See also Japanese television programs.)

In the United States, in general, dramas usually last 44 minutes (an hour with advertisements), while sitcoms last 22 (30 with advertisements). However, with the rise of cable networks, especially pay ones, series and episode lengths have been changing, with 55–60 minutes per episode, and shorter seasons overall.

See also

:Category:Television schedules (by country and year)

List of animated television series

List of television programs by name in alphabetical order

Lists of television programs

Network programming (television)

Radio programming

Television advertisement

External links

FCC

Category:History of television

ar:برامج تلفزيون bs:Televizijske serije bg:Телевизионно предаване cs:Televizní program cy:Rhaglen deledu de:Rundfunkprogramm el:Τηλεοπτικό πρόγραμμα es:Programa de televisión eu:Telebista-saio fa:برنامه تلویزیونی fr:Émission de télévision ko:텔레비전 프로그램 id:Acara televisi is:Sjónvarpsþáttur it:Programmazione televisiva he:תוכנית טלוויזיה kk:Трансляция hu:Televíziós sorozat mk:Телевизиска програма ms:Rancangan televisyen nah:Īxiptlayōltzintli nl:Televisieprogramma ja:テレビ番組 no:Fjernsynsprogram pl:Program telewizyjny (audycja) pt:Programa de televisão ru:Телевизионная программа simple:Television programme fi:Televisio-ohjelma sv:TV-program th:รายการโทรทัศน์ uk:Програма (телерадіопрограма) yi:טעלעוויזיע פראגראם zh:电视节目

Home improvement, home renovation or remodeling is the process of renovating or making additions to one's home.

Types of home improvement

While "home improvement" often refers to building projects that alter the structure of an existing home, it can also include improvements to lawns, gardens, and outdoor structures, such as gazebos and garages. Home improvement projects generally have one or more of the following goals:

Comfort

Upgrading heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC)

Increasing the capacity of plumbing and electrical systems.

Waterproofing basements.

Soundproofing rooms, especially bedrooms and baths.

Maintenance and repair

Maintenance projects can include:

Roof tear-off and replacement.

Concrete and masonry repairs to the foundation and chimney.

Repairing plumbing and electrical systems.

Additional space

Additional living space may be added by:

Turning marginal areas into livable spaces such as turning basements into recrooms, home theaters, or home offices – or attics into spare bedrooms.

Extending one's house with rooms added to the side of one's home or, sometimes, extra levels to the original roof.

Saving energy

Homeowners may reduce utility costs with:

Energy-efficient thermal insulation, replacement windows, and lighting.

Renewable energy with biomass pellet stoves, wood-burning stoves, solar panels, wind turbines, programmable thermostats, and geothermal exchange heat pumps (see autonomous building)

Safety and preparedness

Emergency preparedness safety measures such as:

Home fire and burglar alarm systems.

Fire sprinkler systems to protect homes from fires

Security doors, windows, and shutters.

Storm cellars as protection from tornadoes and hurricanes.

Bomb shelters especially during the 1950s as protection from nuclear war.

Backup generators for providing power during power outages

Professional versus do-it-yourself

There are three main approaches to managing a home improvement project: hiring a general contractor, directly hiring specialized contractors, or doing the work oneself.

A general contractor oversees a home improvement project that involves multiple trades. A general contractor acts as project manager, providing access to the site, removing debris, coordinating work schedules, and performing some aspects of the work.

35% of homeowners, according to the Remodeling Sentiment Report bypass the general contractor, and hire tradesmen themselves, including plumbers, electricians and roofers.

Another strategy is to "do it yourself" (DIY). 67% of homeowners report they will do some work themselves when they remodel according to the Remodeling Sentiment Report. Several major American retailers, such as Home Depot and Lowes, specialize in selling materials and tools for DIY home improvement. These stores host classes and carry numerous books to teach customers how to do the work themselves. DIY websites also provide information, in the form of how-to videos, articles and step-by-step instructions.

Home improvement industry

Home or residential renovation is a $300 billion industry in the United States, and a $48 billion industry in Canada. The average cost per project is $3,000 in the United States and $11,000–15,000 in Canada.

There are several types of companies that contribute to the booming renovation industry. Supply businesses such as Home Depot, Lowes, Menards and Rona Lansing provide all the materials and tools necessary to facilitate home renovations. Many online companies and home improvement websites offer tips, guidelines and trends to give homeowners ideas for design and décor.

Associations

Playing a critical role are the professional associations created to represent the architects, architectural technologists, interior designers and skilled trades that provide specialized services to homeowners. These associations provide credibility, trade guidelines, and useful information to help homeowners learn more about the trades they are about to hire.

Associations include:

Association of Registered Interior Designers of Ontario

The American Institute of Architects

Renovation contractors

Perhaps the most important or visible professionals in the renovation industry are renovation contractors or skilled trades. These are the builders that have specialized credentials, licensing and experience to perform renovation services in specific municipalities. While there is a fairly large ‘grey market’ of unlicensed companies, there are those that have membership in a reputable association and/or are accredited by a professional organization.

Home improvement on television / radio

Home improvement was popularized on television in 1979 with the premiere of ''This Old House'' starring Bob Vila on PBS.

The sitcom ''Home Improvement'' used the home improvement theme for comedic purposes.

American cable channel HGTV features many do-it-yourself shows, as does sister channel DIY Network and the competing Discovery Home.

Danny Lipford hosts and produces the nationally syndicated ''Today's Homeowner with Danny Lipford''.

Tom Kraeutler and Leslie Segrete co-host the nationally syndicated “Pit Home Improvement Radio Show”.

See also

Home repair

Maintenance, repair and operations

References

Further reading

Category:Building

:''For the former AFL player, see Tim Allen (footballer).''

name	Tim Allen
birth date	June 13, 1953
birth name	Timothy Allen Dick
birth place	Denver, Colorado, U.S.
active	1975–present
medium	Stand-up, film, television, books
nationality	American
spouse	Laura Deibel (1984–2003; 1 child)Jane Hajduk (2006–present; 1 child)
genre	Observational comedy, improvisational comedy, physical comedy, character comedy
subject	Relationships, marriage, masculinity, gender differences, parenting, everyday life
notable work	Tim Taylor on ''Home Improvement''Jason Nesmith in ''Galaxy Quest''Scott Calvin/Santa Claus in ''The Santa Clause''Buzz Lightyear in ''Toy Story
website	http://www.timallen.com }}

Tim Allen (born Timothy Allen Dick; June 13, 1953) is an American comedian, actor, voice-over artist, and entertainer, known for his role in the sitcom ''Home Improvement''. He is also known for his film roles in several popular movies, including the ''Toy Story'' series, ''The Santa Clause series'', and ''Galaxy Quest''.

Early life

Born in Denver, Colorado, Allen is the son of Martha Katherine, a community-service worker, and Gerald M. Dick, a real estate agent. He is the third oldest of five brothers. His father died in a car accident, colliding with a drunk driver, when Allen was 11. Two years later, his mother married her high school sweetheart, a successful business executive, and moved with her six children to Birmingham, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, to be with her new husband and his three children. Allen attended Ernest W. Seaholm High School in Birmingham, where he was in theater and music classes (resulting in his love of classical piano). He then attended Central Michigan University and transferred to Western Michigan University in 1974. At Western Michigan, Allen worked at the student radio station WIDR and received a bachelor of science degree in communications specializing in radio and television production in 1976 with a split minor in philosophy and design. In 1998, Western Michigan awarded Allen an honorary fine arts degree and the Distinguished Alumni Award.

Career

Allen started his career as a comedian in 1975. On a dare from one of his friends, he participated in a comedy night at a comedy club in Detroit. While in Detroit he began to get recognition appearing in local television commercials and appearing on cable comedy shows such as Gary Thison's ''Some Semblance of Sanity''. He later moved to Los Angeles and became a member of The Comedy Store there. He began to do stand-up appearances on late-night talk shows and specials on record and film. Allen rose to fame in acting with the television series ''Home Improvement'' (1991–1999) on ABC, playing Tim "The Tool-Man" Taylor. During one week in November 1994, he simultaneously starred in the highest grossing film (''The Santa Clause''), topped the ''New York Times'' best-seller list with his book ''Don't Stand Too Close to a Naked Man'', and appeared in the top rated television series (''Home Improvement''). The following year, he provided the voice of Buzz Lightyear in the blockbuster ''Toy Story''. Simultaneous with his time acting in ''Home Improvement'', Allen formed a race team with Steve Saleen and race driver Bob Bondurant, called the Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab. The team raced Saleen Mustangs in the SCCA World Challenge, with Allen and Saleen as the team's drivers. During the final season of ''Home Improvement'' he was paid $1.25 million for every episode he starred in.

In 2006, ''Zoom'' was released, featuring Allen as Jack Shepard. The same year, he also began narrating the "Pure Michigan" television and radio commercials for the "Travel Michigan" agency. These commercials can be seen and heard throughout the Midwest and began airing nationally in 2009.

In December 2009, Allen started a preview tour of ''Crazy on the Outside'', a film that debuted in January 2010. Allen accompanied the film, helping promote it with a series of stand-up acts beforehand. During the performances he told audiences that he plans a 2010 comedy tour. Allen also directed the film, marking his film directorial debut.

Allen hosted the 8th Annual TV Land Awards on April 25, 2010.

As of September 2010, Tim Allen is the official voice of the Chevrolet Cruze, narrating commercials for the vehicle. Also in September 2010, Allen was named the voice of Campbell Soup's new "It's Amazing What Soup Can Do" campaign. Allen has also expressed interest in returning to television in 2011, which has led to several sources believing that meetings with Greg Daniels could lead to his joining ''The Office'' after Steve Carell's departure at the end of the show's seventh season.

In October 2011, Allen will star in the ABC sitcom ''Last Man Standing''. He will play the role of Mike Baxter, a dad who is fighting for his manhood.

Personal life

Allen was raised as an Episcopalian. He was married to Laura Diebel from April 7, 1984, until they legally separated in 1999. Their divorce was finalized in 2003. They have a daughter, Katherine, born in 1989. Allen married actress Jane Hajduk on October 7, 2006 in a small private ceremony in Grand Lake, Colorado. They had dated for five years.

On January 5, 2009, it was announced that Allen and Hajduk were expecting their first child together. On March 28, 2009, Allen became a father for the second time, with the arrival of a baby girl named Elizabeth.

On October 2, 1978, Allen was arrested in the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport for possession of over of cocaine. He subsequently pleaded guilty to drug trafficking charges, and provided the names of other dealers in exchange for a sentence of three to seven years rather than a possible life imprisonment. He was paroled on June 12, 1981 after serving 2 years and 4 months in a Federal Correctional Institution, Sandstone in Sandstone, Minnesota. Allen had the Federal Bureau of Prisons Register # 04276-040.

In 1997, Allen was arrested for DUI in Birmingham, Michigan, and was recorded as having a .15 percent blood-alcohol content. He was sentenced to one year probation. He entered a rehabilitation clinic for alcohol abuse as part of his court obligation.

Awards

Allen was nominated for one Emmy and 5 Golden Globe Awards. He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1995 for ''Home Improvement''.

In 1999, Allen was named a Disney Legend for his work on the ''Toy Story'' and ''Santa Clause'' franchises.

For contributions to the television industry, Tim Allen was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6898 Hollywood Blvd.

In 1996, he won the Hall of Fame award at the Kids Choice Awards.

The cast of ''Home Improvement'' was honored with a "Fan Favorite" award at the 2009 TV Land Awards.

Filmography

Films

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1988	''Comedy's Dirtiest Dozen''	Himself
1989	''Rodney Dangerfield: Opening Night at Rodney's Place	Himself
1989	''Tropical Snow	Baggage Handler
1994	''The Santa Clause''	Scott Calvin/Santa Claus
1995	''Toy Story''	Buzz Lightyear	voice
	''Meet Wally Sparks''	Himself	cameo
''Jungle 2 Jungle''	Michael Cromwell
''For Richer or Poorer''	Brad Sexton
	''Toy Story 2''	Buzz Lightyear	voice
''Galaxy Quest''	Jason Nesmith
2000	''Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins''	Buzz Lightyear	voice
	''Who Is Cletis Tout?''	Critical Jim
''Joe Somebody''	Joe Scheffer
		Eliot Arnold
''The Santa Clause 2''	Santa Claus/Scott Calvin/Toy Santa
2003	''Top Speed''	Himself	narrator
2004	''Christmas with the Kranks''	Luther Krank
		Buzz Lightyear Car	voice/cameo
	Dave Douglas	rowspan=3|Nominated - Razzie Award for Worst Actor
	Jack Shepard/Captain Zoom
Nominated - Golden Raspberry Award
	''[[Wild Hogs''	Doug Madsen
''Fired!''	Himself	documentary
2008	''Redbelt''	Chet Frank
2009	''The Six Wives of Henry Lefay''	Henry Lefay
2010	''I Am Comic''	Himself
	''Crazy on the Outside''	Tommy Zelda	Director
''Toy Story 3''	Buzz Lightyear	voice
2011	''Hawaiian Vacation''	Buzz Lightyear	voice
2012	''Geezers! (film)''	Tim

Television work

''Comedy's Dirtiest Dozen'' (1988)

''Tim Allen: Men Are Pigs'' (1990)

''Home Improvement'' (1991–1999)

''Tim Allen Rewires America'' (1991)

*

''These Guys'' (2003) (narrator)

''Jimmy Neutron: Win, Lose, and Kaboom'' (2004) (voice)

''Last Man Standing'' (2011)

Books

''Don't Stand Too Close to a Naked Man'' (1994) – ISBN 0-786-86134-7

''I'm Not Really Here'' (1996) – ISBN 0-786-86257-2

References

External links

Category:1953 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Denver, Colorado Category:Actors from Michigan Category:American drug traffickers Category:American Episcopalians Category:American film actors Category:American stand-up comedians Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (television) winners Category:Central Michigan University alumni Category:People convicted of drug offenses Category:People from Detroit, Michigan Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Western Michigan University alumni

ar:تيم ألين an:Tim Allen bg:Тим Алън cs:Tim Allen cy:Tim Allen da:Tim Allen de:Tim Allen et:Tim Allen es:Tim Allen fa:تیم آلن fr:Tim Allen gl:Tim Allen id:Tim Allen it:Tim Allen he:טים אלן lt:Tim Allen hu:Tim Allen nl:Tim Allen ja:ティム・アレン no:Tim Allen pl:Tim Allen pt:Tim Allen ro:Tim Allen ru:Аллен, Тим simple:Tim Allen sr:Тим Ален fi:Tim Allen sv:Tim Allen tl:Tim Allen th:ทิม อัลเลน tr:Tim Allen

name	David Yates
birth date	November 30, 1963
birth place	St Helens, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom
alma mater	University of Essex,Georgetown University,National Film and Television School (1984–1992)
occupation	Film director, TV director
years active	1988–present
agent	Casarotto Ramsay
style	Character-driven, realism, atmospheric, drama
influences	Martin Scorsese, David Lean, Ken Loach
television	BBC, ITV, Channel 4
title	"The Three Davids"|group"n"}}

| spouse = Yvonne Walcott | relations = Andrew Yates (brother) | awards = See below | domesticpartner = | website = }} David Yates (born 30 November 1963) is an English filmmaker who rose to mainstream prominence directing the final four films in the ''Harry Potter'' franchise. He helmed the series' fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth installments, all of which became an instant blockbuster success and made him the most commercially successful British director in recent years. His final ''Harry Potter'' film garnered the highest critical acclaim of the series and his direction of the four films gained him accolades, notably the BAFTA Britannia Award for Excellence in Directing. Yates' other works include the multi-film adaptation of ''The Stand'', for which he reunited with screenwriter Steve Kloves.

Early in his career, Yates achieved international attention for his award-winning short films and became a prolific television director with credits including the acclaimed political thriller ''State of Play'' (2003), the BAFTA-lauded two-part drama ''Sex Traffic'' (2004) and the Primetime Emmy Award-winning HBO production ''The Girl in the Café'' (2005). Due to the success of these dramas and various other projects, Yates is considered to be one of Britain's most celebrated directors of film and television. He has been recognised for his smooth transition from dramatic programming to budget cinema and his works have displayed political and social themes with stylistic realism; his use of hand-held cameras is noted as one of his directorial trademarks. Yates is one of the founding members of Directors UK, which was established in June 2008.

Early life

David Yates was born in St Helens, Merseyside, England on 30 November 1963. His parents died when he was young. Raised in the village of Rainhill, Yates was inspired to pursue a career in filmmaking after watching Steven Spielberg's 1975 movie ''Jaws''. Before her death, Yates' mother bought him a Super 8mm camera. He used this to shoot various films and videos in which his friends and family featured. One such video, ''The Ghost Ship'', was shot on board the vessel where his uncle worked as a cook. He attended St Helens College where he completed the courses of sociology, political studies and literature before moving on to the University of Essex and Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. (1984–1987).

Career

Film and television projects (1988–2005)

In 1988, Yates made his first serious film ''When I Was a Girl'' with the assistance of Cre8 Studios in Swindon. The short film, which was shot in Swindon town under a grant from Southern Arts, entered the festival circuit where it was named Best Short Film at the San Francisco International Film Festival, in addition to obtaining other awards. It contributed to Yates' acceptance into the National Film and Television School in 1989 and led to the BBC hiring him to direct ''Oranges and Lemons'', a short drama film in 1991. Before completing film school, he began to direct, produce and write the screenplay to the dramatic short ''The Weaver's Wife''. He also made his fourth short film ''Good Looks'', which was presented at the Chicago International Film Festival. After graduating in 1992, Yates directed an episode of the film studies programme ''Moving Pictures'', which oversaw low-budget filmmaking in Britain.

From 1994 to 1995, Yates directed several episodes of the ITV police procedural ''The Bill'' (''Full Contact'', ''Death and Taxes'', ''Other Voices'', ''Feeling Guilty'' and ''Life's a Bitch''), before directing and producing three episodes of the television documentary ''Tale of Three Seaside Towns'' alongside producer Alistair Clarke. The programme followed media personalities Russell Grant, Honor Blackman and Pam Ayres visiting and exploring the South Coast towns of Brighton, Eastbourne and Weymouth. Yates directed his fifth short film ''Punch'' before making his feature film debut in 1998 with the release of the independent historical-drama film ''The Tichborne Claimant''. The film, which was shown at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, was written by Joe Fisher and based on the true events of the Tichborne Case. It starred Stephen Fry and Robert Hardy and was shot on location in Merseyside and on the Isle of Man.

Yates returned to television in 2000 to direct the episodes of ''Greed'', ''Envy'' and ''Lust'' for the BBC miniseries ''The Sins'', starring Pete Postlethwaite, as well as ''The Way We Live Now'', the acclaimed four-part television adaptation of the novel of the same name by Anthony Trollope. Yates directed many cast members in each episode including David Suchet, Cillian Murphy and Miranda Otto in their roles as Augustus Melmotte, Paul Montague and Mrs. Hurtle respectively. After the project was met with positive reaction, Yates shared the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Serial with screenwriter Andrew Davies and producer Nigel Stafford-Clark at the 2002 BAFTA Awards. The serial became available to buy worldwide on VHS on 22 April 2002.

One year later, Yates attended the 56th BAFTA Awards with a British Academy Film Award nomination for Best Short Film for the fourteen minute production, ''Rank'', which expressed the social elements of racism, friendship and adolescence through the story of a street gang that cross Glasgow to witness the arrival of a group of Somali refugees. Yates said that even though ''The Way We Live Now'' was "a very big production" and "enormous fun to do", ''Rank'' was an opportunity to "shake all that off" and "get back to [his] roots." Of the casting, Yates said that he "wanted to use non actors to tell the story, to create a reality ... the kids we cast in Glasgow had never done a film before." The film was noted for its gritty style and cinematography, with a review from ''Eye For Film'' stating that "such intelligent use of camera and cast lifts Yates out of the pool of promising young directors into the front line of genuine hopefuls. This work demands respect."

The 2003 six-part thriller ''State of Play'' was Yates' next achievement. He directed a mix of acclaimed actors such as David Morrissey, John Simm and James McAvoy in the main roles of the BBC serial, created by Paul Abbott. It was a major turning point for Yates' career; he collected the TV Spielfilm Award at the Cologne Conference in Germany and won the Directors Guild of Great Britain Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement. The serial was recognised by various award ceremonies, notably receiving the Peabody Award for Broadcasting Excellence and being presented with two British Academy Television Craft Awards. The quality of the serial sparked Hollywood film bosses to consider adapting it into a film, with producer Andrew Hauptman declaring that "it's a blistering political thriller and we want to make an equally blistering movie." ''State of Play'' is regarded by critics from ''The Guardian'' and ''The Times'' as one of the best British television dramas of the 2000s. Yates then moved on to helm more high-profile projects such as the television adaptation of nine-year-old Daisy Ashford's novel ''The Young Visiters'', starring Jim Broadbent alongside Hugh Laurie. Broadbent gained an acting nomination at the BAFTA Awards under Yates' direction, which was a different approach in comparison to his immediate previous work. According to a review by ''Variety'' magazine for BBC America, Yates and his team yielded "a warm and surprisingly unsentimental production that has 'evergreen' written all over it". ''The Young Visiters'' tells the story of a bumbling man (Broadbent) seeking help from an aristocrat (Laurie), who attempts to improve his social graces for him to be accepted by a high society woman.

In 2004, Yates' two-part drama ''Sex Traffic'' was broadcast on Channel 4. It won eight BAFTA Awards including Best Editing for Mark Day, who regularly worked with Yates on many of his television projects and short films. Day commented on his collaboration with Yates saying that "we are very good friends because we have spent so much time together." He also said, "David shoots in a similar style from piece to piece, although this wasn’t quite as frantic as ''State of Play''." Yates was nominated for another Directors Guild of Great Britain Award for his direction of ''Sex Traffic'' and won his second BAFTA for Best Drama Serial at the British Academy Television Awards. Being a British-Canadian production, ''Sex Traffic'' gained four wins at Canada's annual television award ceremony, the Gemini Awards, including Best Dramatic Mini-Series. Spanning across two parts, the three hour long drama reveals how the trafficking of young women into slavery is a big business which operates throughout Europe; both parts were acclaimed for their "shocking" portrayal of such a sensitive topic.

Also in 2004, Yates was involved in plans for a film adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's novel ''Brideshead Revisited'' for Warner Independent Pictures. He was set to work with Paul Bettany, Jude Law and Jennifer Connelly on the project, but pulled out in the later stages due to constant budget issues affecting the film's production.

Yates then directed Richard Curtis' script to ''The Girl in the Café'', a television film starring Bill Nighy and Kelly Macdonald. In June 2005, the film was aired on the BBC in Britain and was also broadcast in the United States on the premium cable television network Home Box Office. ''The Girl in the Café'' achieved three wins at the Emmy Awards, most notably the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie, and gained a total of four nominations including Outstanding Directing for Yates and Outstanding Casting for Fiona Weir. The film became widely known for being conceived to coincide both with the BBC's ''Africa Lives'' season of programming and with the global Make Poverty History campaign. The message of the film is conveyed through the character-driven story of Lawrence (Nighy) and Gina (Macdonald) dealing with their feelings for one another while challenging political concerns at the G8 Summit in Reykjavík.

''Harry Potter'' series (2006–2011)

During the period of working on plans for ''Brideshead Revisited'', Yates was told by his agent that he had made the director shortlist for the fifth ''Harry Potter'' adaptation of J. K. Rowling's series. He was then confirmed to direct ''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix'' by Warner Bros. Pictures, with production scheduled to begin in early 2006. When asked how Yates got the job, producer David Heyman (who is "a big fan" of Yates' television work) said, "actors in David's television projects give their best performance, often of their career. It's important to keep pushing the actors, particularly the young ones on each ''Potter'' film. This is a political film, not with a capital P, but it's about teen rebellion and the abuse of power. David has made films in the U.K. about politics without being heavy handed."

Before production began, Yates invited ''Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire'' director Mike Newell to a pub and "picked his brains about what it was going to be like to step into someone's shoes on a movie of this scale." The first scene Yates shot featured a giant interacting with human characters. The scene was the very first high-scale visual effects piece Yates filmed in his career. After the film's post-production material was well-received by the studio, Yates was selected to direct the sixth picture ''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince'', which according to Yates was going to be "a cross between the chills of ''Prisoner of Azkaban'' and the fantastical adventure of ''Goblet of Fire''". Yet the film was criticised by fans for having the shortest running time in the series; Yates said that the original director's cut was "probably over three hours", resulting in much footage being cut, condensed and edited to fit within the studio's preferred time frame.

During production on ''Half-Blood Prince'', Warner Bros. President and COO Alan F. Horn announced that the seventh and final novel in the series, ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', was to be split into two cinematic parts with Yates, once again, as the director. Yates spoke of the decision to appoint him as the director of the final films, remarking that "they wanted to do a ''Harry Potter'' that felt ... more grown up. What's smart about the studio and the producers is they have always wanted to push it a bit. Chris [Columbus] did a wonderful job of casting and making this world incredibly popular. But rather than do more of the same, they said, 'Let's bring in Alfonso Cuarón and let him run with it. Then later, let’s bring in David Yates, who’s done all this hard-hitting stuff on TV.' It's a testament to their ambition to try and keep the franchise fresh. The bizarre thing is, I did one [film] and they asked me to stay for three more, so obviously they liked something."

After attaining widespread "Oscar Buzz", ''Half-Blood Prince'' became the only film in the series to gain an Academy Award nomination for Best Cinematography. Yates worked alongside French cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel on extensively colour grading the "incredibly rich" picture, making it look "very European" and drawing influences from the Dutch painter Rembrandt. The film garnered a mix of accolades and was acclaimed for its stylised character-driven approach, but some fans complained about the script's deviation from its respective novel and the slight romantic comedy nature. In response to this criticism, renowned BAFTA member Mark Kermode praised Yates for "getting a sense of an impending catastrophe" and ranked the film "second best" in the series.

Yates began to film ''Deathly Hallows – Part 1'' and ''Deathly Hallows – Part 2'' back-to-back in early 2009 and finished reshoots in late 2010. He stated that he had shot the two parts of the final adaptation differently, with Part 1 being a "road movie" and "quite real", "almost like a vérité documentary", while Part 2 is "much more operatic, colourful and fantasy-oriented", a "big opera with huge battles."

Part 1 was released worldwide in November 2010 to commercial success along with generally positive reviews, some of which reflected on Yates' directing style. ''The Dallas Morning News'' affirmed that "David Yates' fluid, fast-paced direction sends up the crackling tension of a thriller" and ''The New York Times'' analysed Yates' approach to J. K. Rowling's character development by saying that he has "demonstrated a thorough, uncondescending sympathy for her characters, in particular the central trio of Ron Weasley, Hermione Granger and Harry Potter himself." The film was praised for its "dark" atmosphere and its loyalty to the source material, but it was criticised for its slow middle act, the handling of exposition, feeling like the "prelude it is" and the somewhat disjointed pacing.

Part 2 was screened in July 2011 and became an instant record-breaking success with universal acclaim. ''The Daily Telegraph'' described Part 2 as "monumental cinema awash with gorgeous tones" and ''Total Film'' wrote that Yates combines "spectacle and emotion into a thrilling final chapter." Yates was praised for the "sharply directed" film and was acknowledged for his "genuine visual sense", with author J. K. Rowling remarking that "everyone who watches ''Deathly Hallows – Part 2'' is going to see that he's steered us home magnificently. It's incredible." Part 2 is the only ''Harry Potter'' film to pass the $1 billion mark during its original theatrical run; it became the highest-grossing film in the series and the third highest-grossing film worldwide, making Yates the director of the highest-grossing non-James Cameron film of all time in August 2011.

David Yates has worked in production on the ''Harry Potter'' film series for six consecutive years (from 2006 to 2011). All four of his pictures have been a success financially and critically. Yates attended the 64th British Academy Film Awards in February 2011, where he was joined by J. K. Rowling, David Heyman, Mike Newell, Alfonso Cuarón, David Barron, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson in collecting the Michael Balcon Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema on behalf of the ''Harry Potter'' films. Daniel Radcliffe commented on working with Yates, saying that he "added his own sense of grit and realism [to the films] that perhaps wasn’t there so much before. I think we all had a fantastic time working with David. I know we did."

''The Stand''

In August 2011, it was announced that Yates would be teaming up with ''Harry Potter'' screenwriter Steve Kloves to adapt the Stephen King novel ''The Stand''.

Future projects

Yates is developing a war film called ''Saint Nazaire'', based on the story of a British commando raid on the dock at St. Nazaire during World War II. Yates has stated ambitions to adapt his TV drama, ''Sex Traffic'', for cinema. It has also been suggested that Yates will work on a film about Al Capone.

Collaboration

Throughout his television and film work, Yates has collaborated with a number of people from cast to crew members. He has worked with film editor Mark Day and composer Nicholas Hooper on a range of projects including his ''Harry Potter'' films, all of which Day edited and two of which Hooper composed. Yates has also worked with director of photography Chris Seager, one of the Vice Presidents of the British Society of Cinematographers, numerous times during his career. Seager was originally considered to provide the cinematography for Yates' ''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix'', but the job went to Sławomir Idziak instead. Other collaborators include choreographer Paul Harris, casting director Fiona Weir and writers Joe Fisher and Steve Kloves. As one of "The Three Davids" (alongside David Heyman and David Barron), Yates may collaborate with them for future works.

Related

Yates contributed to the 2011 First Light Awards by awarding young filmmakers within the United Kingdom, some from disadvantaged and minority ethnic backgrounds. He was a member of the judging panel and was a part of the featured line-up including Emily Mortimer, Daniel Craig, Sienna Miller, Paul Greengrass and Terry Gilliam amongst others. Bill Nighy, a colleague and friend of Yates, called him "a quiet genius" and Rhys Ifans described Yates' personality on set, saying that "When he’s pleased, he says 'fabby'. When he’s happy, he jumps up and down. And when he’s ecstatic, he skips." On his directorial style, Emma Watson said that Yates insists on pushing the cast and crew to physical and emotional extremes, with Gary Oldman confirming Yates' preference for working slowly by shooting numerous takes to get the best performances out of his cast.

Filmography

! Year(s)	! Title	! Role(s)	! Description
1988	''When I Was a Girl''		*Director	*Producer	*Writer	Short film
1991	''The Weaver's Wife''		*Director	*Producer	*Writer	Short film
1991	''Oranges and Lemons''	Director	Short film
1992	''Good Looks''	Director	Short film
1994		Director	1 episode of television series:	*''Low Budget''
1994–1995	''The Bill''	Director	5 episodes of television series:	*''Full Contact''	*''Death and Taxes''	*''Other Voices''	*''Feeling Guilty''	*''Life's a Bitch''
1995	''Tale of Three Seaside Towns''		*Director	*Producer	3 episodes of television documentary:	*''Weymouth''	*''Eastbourne''	*''Brighton''
1996	''Punch''	Director	Short film
1998		Director	Independent film
2000	''The Sins''	Director	3 episodes of television series:	* ''Greed''	* ''Envy''	* ''Lust''
2001		Director	4-part television serial
2002		Director	Short film
2003		Director	6-part television serial
2003		Director	Television film
2004	''Sex Traffic''	Director	Television film, 2-part drama
2005	''The Girl in the Café''	Director	Television film
2007		Director	Theatrical film
2009		Director	Theatrical film
2010	''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1''	Director	Theatrical film
2011	''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2''	Director	Theatrical film
TBC	''The Stand''	Director	Theatrical film

Accolades

! Year	! Award	! Category	! Title	! Result
1991		Best European Short	''When I Was a Girl''
1991	San Francisco International Film Festival	Best Short Film	''When I Was a Girl''
1991	Belfort Film Festival	Best Film	''When I Was a Girl''
1992	[[Chicago International Film Festival	–	''Good Looks''
1998	Emden Film Festival	–	''The Tichborne Claimant''
2002	British Academy of Film and Television Arts	Best Drama Serial		*	*	''The Way We Live Now''
2003	[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts	Best Short Film		*	*	''Rank''
2003	[[Royal Television Society	Best Drama Serial	''State of Play''
2003	Directors Guild of Great Britain	Outstanding Directorial Achievement in TV Movie/Serial	''State of Play''
2004	British Academy of Film and Television Arts	Best Drama Serial		*	*	''State of Play''
2004		Best Fiction Programme	''State of Play''
2004	[[Directors Guild of Great Britain	Outstanding Directorial Achievement in TV Movie/Mini-Series	''Sex Traffic''
2005	Royal Television Society	Best Drama Serial	''Sex Traffic''
2005	British Academy of Film and Television Arts	Best Drama Serial		*	*	''Sex Traffic''
2006	[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences: Primetime Emmy Award	Outstanding Directing for a Mini-Series, Movie or Dramatic Special	''The Girl in the Café''
2006	Academy of Television Arts & Sciences: Primetime Emmy Award	Outstanding Made for Television Movie	''The Girl in the Café''
2007		Best Family Film	''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix''
2008		People's Choice Award for Best European Film	''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix''
2008		Best Director	''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix''
2008		Best Director	''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix''
2008		Best Fantasy Film	''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix''
2009	British Academy of Film and Television Arts	Best Feature Film	''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince''
2009	[[Satellite Award	Best Motion Picture (Animated or Mixed Media)	''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince''
2010		Best Family Film	''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince''
2010		Best Fantasy Film	''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince''
2010		Special Recognition		*	*	*	''Harry Potter''
2010	NFTS Honorary Fellowship	Outstanding Contribution to the British Film and Television Industry	–
2011	[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts	Michael Balcon Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema		*	*	*	''Harry Potter''
2011		Best Sci-Fi / Fantasy Film		''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1''
2011		Best Fantasy Film	''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1''
2011		Best Fantasy Film	''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1''
2011		Best Director	''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1''
2011		John Schlesinger Britannia Award for Excellence in Directing	''Harry Potter''

Personal life

Yates and his brother, Andrew, grew up together in St Helens and became very close after the death of their parents during their childhood. Yates is married to Yvonne Walcott, who is the aunt of Arsenal football player Theo Walcott. The couple do not have any children together.

Notes

References

External links

David Yates: Casarotto Ramsay & Associates Ltd.

David Yates: British Academy of Film and Television Arts

Category:1963 births Category:Alumni of the University of Essex Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:British film directors Category:English film directors Category:English television directors Category:People from St Helens, Merseyside Category:Living people

cy:David Yates da:David Yates de:David Yates es:David Yates fa:دیوید یتس fr:David Yates it:David Yates lt:David Yates hu:David Yates mk:Дејвид Јејтс nl:David Yates ja:デヴィッド・イェーツ no:David Yates pl:David Yates pt:David Yates ru:Йейтс, Дэвид fi:David Yates sv:David Yates th:เดวิด เยตส์ tr:David Yates

name	Cory Everson
birth date	January 04, 1958
birth place	Racine, Wisconsin
height
weight	(In Season): 155-160 lbs. (Off-Season):160-165 lbs.
firstproshow	IFBB North American
firstproshowyear	1982
bestwin	Undefeated in professional competitionMs. Olympia six consecutive times
bestwinyear	1984-1989
predecessor	Carla Dunlap
successor	Lenda Murray
yesorretiredyear	Retired 1989 }}

Corinna Kneuer (born January 4, 1958), best known by her stage name Cory (or Corey) Everson, is an American female bodybuilding champion and actress. She won the Ms. Olympia contest six years in a row from 1984 to 1989.

Education

Corinna Kneuer was born in Racine, Wisconsin and attended high school in Deerfield, Illinois. She attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she was a multi-sport standout (gymnastics, track & field and badminton).

Personal life

While attending the University of Wisconsin–Madison, she met Jeff Everson, a competitive bodybuilder who worked there as a strength coach. They married in 1982. While they were married, the Eversons built a successful mail-order clothing business called Sampson and Delilah.

Everson, who adopted a Romanian child, is active with Nightlight Christian Adoptions, a charity that brings orphans from Russia and Belarus to the US to stay with families looking to adopt a child.

Bodybuilding career

Cory Everson began to train seriously as a bodybuilder after her graduation, and made rapid progress. In the early years, she and Jeff trained at Ernie's Gym on Sherman Avenue in Madison.

Contest history

1980 Ms. Mid America - 1st (Tall and Overall)

1980 American Couples - 3rd

1981 Ms. Midwest Open - 1st (Tall & Overall)

1981 Ms. Central USA - 1st (HW and Overall)

1981 Couples America - 1st

1981 American Championships - 11th (MW)

1982 Ms. East Coast - 1st (MW)

1982 Bodybuilding Expo III - 2nd (MW)

1982 Bodybuilding Expo Couples - 2nd

1982 AFWB American Championships - 5th (HW)

1982 IFBB North American - 1st (MW and Overall)

1982 IFBB North American Mixed Pairs - 1st

1983 Bodybuilding Expo IV - 1st (MW and Overall)

1983 Bodybuilding Expo Mixed Pairs - 1st

1983 U.S. Bodybuilding Championships Couples - 1st

1983 AFWB American Championships - 8th (HW)

1983 NPC Nationals - 2nd (HW)

1984 American Women's Championships - 1st (HW and Overall)

1984 NPC Nationals - 1st (HW and Overall) 1984 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st 1985 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st 1986 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st 1987 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st 1988 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st 1989 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 1st

Everson is unique in having never lost a Ms. Olympia contest.

Awards and honors

In January 1999, Everson was inducted into the IFBB Hall of Fame, as part of the inaugural group. She was inducted into the Muscle Beach Venice Body Building Hall of Fame on September 5, 2005.

At the 2007 Arnold Classic she became the first woman to be presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2008, Everson was inducted into the National Fitness Hall of Fame.

Film and television career

After retiring from competition, Everson began acting. Her first major movie appearance was in ''Double Impact'' (1991) alongside Jean-Claude Van Damme. In it she plays Kara, a bone-crushing assassin to the main badguy. This involves a number of impressive fight scenes. She took a minor role in ''Natural Born Killers'' (1994). Then in ''Ballistic'' (1995), (known in some countries as ''Fist of Justice'') she reprised the evil musclewoman role with bravado. However she loses the final epic fight to Marjean Holden playing an undercover cop.

Everson has made a number of TV guest appearances, most notably playing Atalanta on ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys''.

Everson was the original host of the fitness show ''BodyShaping'', which she also produced. She also hosted her own exercise show on ESPN, ''Cory Everson's Gotta Sweat'', for seven years.

Filmography

Title ''Felony (film) ''Ballistic (film) ''Natural Born Killers'' ''Double Impact'' ''The Morning After (1986 film)

Year	|	Role	Other notes
1996 in film	1996	Felony'' ||	Sondra
1995 in film	1995	Ballistic'' ||	Claudia
1994 in film	1994	|	TV Mallory
1991 in film	1991	|	Kara
1986 in film	1986	The Morning After'' ||	Miss Olympia

Television work

''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' ''Home Improvement (TV series) ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' ''Renegade (TV series) ''The Adventures of Brisco County Jr.''

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
rowspan="1"	2005	''Charmed''	Hulk Paige
rowspan="1"	1998	|	Atalanta	Episode: "If I Had a Hammer"
rowspan="1"	1997	Home Improvement'' ||	Herself	Episode: "Pump You Up"
rowspan="4"	1996	|	Atalanta	Episode: "Let the Games Begin"
''Goode Behavior''
''Tarzan: The Epic Adventures''	Mara
''Strange Luck''	Physik Receptionist
rowspan="1"	1995	|	Atalanta	Episode: "Ares"
rowspan="2"	1994	Renegade'' ||	Aurora	Episode: "Muscle Beach"
''Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman''	Amazon Woman #1
rowspan="1"	1993	|	Katrina Schwenke	Episodes: "No Man's Land" and "Steel Horses"

Family

Cory and Jeff Everson divorced in 1996; however, she kept 'Everson' as her stage name. She married Dr. Steve Donia, a cosmetic dentist, in 1998; they have two children that they adopted from Russia. Everson's sister, Cameo Kneuer, is a two-time Ms. National Fitness champion.

Books authored

''Strength Training for Beauty Volume 3 - Number 1''Runner's World Magazine Company (1986)

''Superflex: Ms. Olympia's Guide to Building a Strong & Sexy Body'' Contemporary Books (1987) ISBN 0809248654 with Jeff Everson

''Back in Shape'' Houghton Mifflin Company (1991) ISBN 0395562724 with Stephen Hochschuler

''Cory Everson's Workout'' Perigee Trade (1991) ISBN 0399516840 with Jeff Everson

''Cory Everson's Fat-Free & Fit'' Perigee Trade (1994) ISBN 0399518584 with Carole Jacobs

''Cory Everson's Lifebalance'' Perigee Trade (1998) ISBN 0399524444

References

External links

Ms Olympia 1986 online - Cory everson win

Cory Everson fitness filmography at Rotten Tomatoes

| colspan = 3 align = center | Ms. Olympia |- | width = 30% align = center | Preceded by:Carla Dunlap | width = 40% align = center | First (1984) | width = 30% align = center | Succeeded by:Herself |- | width = 30% align = center | Preceded by:Herself | width = 40% align = center | Second (1985) | width = 30% align = center | Succeeded by:Herself |- | width = 30% align = center | Preceded by:Herself | width = 40% align = center | Third (1986) | width = 30% align = center | Succeeded by:Herself |- | width = 30% align = center | Preceded by:Herself | width = 40% align = center | Fourth (1987) | width = 30% align = center | Succeeded by:Herself |- | width = 30% align = center | Preceded by:Herself | width = 40% align = center | Fifth (1988) | width = 30% align = center | Succeeded by:Herself |- | width = 30% align = center | Preceded by:Herself | width = 40% align = center | Sixth (1989) | width = 30% align = center | Succeeded by:Lenda Murray

Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:American bodybuilders Category:Female bodybuilders Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:People from Deerfield, Illinois Category:People from Racine, Wisconsin Category:Professional bodybuilders

pl:Cory Everson pt:Corinna Everson