A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetative substance used in nutritionally insignificant quantities as a food additive for flavor, color, or as a preservative that kills harmful bacteria or prevents their growth. It may be used to flavour a dish or to hide other flavours. In the kitchen, spices are distinguished from herbs, which are leafy, green plant parts used for flavoring.

Many spices are used for other purposes, such as medicine, religious rituals, cosmetics, perfumery, or for eating as vegetables. For example, turmeric is also used as a preservative; liquorice as a medicine; garlic as a vegetable.

Classification and types

List of herbs and spices

This is an extensive list of culinary herbs and spices.

Grouping by plant part

Spices can be grouped as:

Dried fruits or seeds, such as fennel, mustard, and black pepper.

Arils, such as mace.

Barks, such as cinnamon and cassia.

Dried flower buds, such as cloves.

Stigmas, such as saffron.

Roots and rhizomes, such as turmeric, ginger and galingale.

Resins, such as asafoetida.

Common spice mixtures

Baharat (Arab world, and the Middle East in general)

Berbere (Ethiopia and Eritrea)

Chaat masala (India and Pakistan)

Chili powder

Curry powder

Five-spice powder (China)

Garam masala (South Asia)

Harissa (North Africa)

Jerk spice (Jamaica)

Khmeli suneli (Georgia, former U.S.S.R.)

Masala (a generic name for any blend of spices used in South Asia)

Mixed spice (United Kingdom)

Old Bay Seasoning (United States)

Panch phoron (India and Bangladesh)

Pumpkin pie spice (United States)

Quatre épices (France)

Ras el hanout (North Africa)

Shichimi togarashi (Japan)

Vegeta

Za'atar (Middle East)

History

Early history

Humans were using spices in 50,000 BC. The spice trade developed throughout the Middle East in around 2000 BC with cinnamon and pepper, and in East Asia (Korea, China) with herbs and pepper. The Egyptians used herbs for embalming and their need for exotic herbs helped stimulate world trade. The word ''spice'' comes from the Old French word "espice" which became "epice" and which came from the Latin root "spec", the noun referring to appearance, sort, kind ('Species' has the same root.) By 1000 BC, China, Korea and India had medical systems based upon herbs. Early uses were connected with magic, medicine, religion, tradition, and preservation.

Digs found a clove burnt onto the floor of a burned down kitchen in the Mesopotamian site of Terqa, in what is now modern-day Syria, dated to 1700 BC.

In the story of Genesis, Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers to spice merchants. In the biblical poem Song of Solomon, the male speaker compares his beloved to many forms of spices. Generally, early Egyptian, Chinese, Indian, and Mesopotamian sources do not refer to known spices.

In South Asia, nutmeg, which originates from the Banda Islands in the Molukas, has a Sanskrit name. Sanskrit is the ancient language of India, showing how old the usage of this spice is in this region. Historians believe that nutmeg was introduced to Europe in the 6th century BC.

The ancient Indian epic of Ramayana mentions cloves. The Romans had cloves in the 1st century AD, as Pliny the Elder wrote about them.

Indonesian merchants went around China, India, the Middle East and the east coast of Africa. Arab merchants facilitated the routes through the Middle East and India. This made the city of Alexandria in Egypt the main trading centre for spices because of its port. The most important discovery prior to the European spice trade were the monsoon winds (40 AD). Sailing from Eastern spice growers to Western European consumers gradually replaced the land-locked spice routes once facilitated by the Middle East Arab caravans.

Middle Ages

Spices were among the most demanded and expensive products available in Europe in the Middle Ages, the most common being black pepper, cinnamon (and the cheaper alternative cassia), cumin, nutmeg, ginger and cloves. Given the medieval medicine's main theory of humorism, spices and herbs were indispensable to balance "humors" in food, a daily basis for good health at a time of recurrent pandemics.

Spices were all imported from plantations in Asia and Africa, which made them expensive. From the 8th until the 15th century, the Republic of Venice had the monopoly on spice trade with the Middle East, and along with it the neighboring Italian city-states. The trade made the region rich. It has been estimated that around 1,000 tons of pepper and 1,000 tons of the other common spices were imported into Western Europe each year during the Late Middle Ages. The value of these goods was the equivalent of a yearly supply of grain for 1.5 million people. The most exclusive was saffron, used as much for its vivid yellow-red color as for its flavor. Spices that have now fallen into obscurity in European cuisine include grains of paradise, a relative of cardamom which most replaced pepper in late medieval north French cooking, long pepper, mace, spikenard, galangal and cubeb.

Early modern period

The control of trade routes and the spice-producing regions were the main reasons that Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama sailed to India in 1499. Spain and Portugal were not happy to pay the high price that Venice demanded for spices. At around the same time, Christopher Columbus returned from the New World, he described to investors new spices available there.

The military prowess of Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) allowed the Portuguese to take control of the sea routes to India. In 1506, he took the island of Socotra in the mouth of the Red Sea and, in 1507, Ormuz in the Persian Gulf. Since becoming the viceroy of the Indies, he took Goa in India in 1510, and Malacca on the Malay peninsula in 1511. The Portuguese could now trade directly with Siam, China, and the Moluccas. The Silk Road complemented the Portuguese sea routes, and brought the treasures of the Orient to Europe via Lisbon, including many spices.

With the discovery of the New World came new spices, including allspice, bell and chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate. This development kept the spice trade, with America as a late comer with its new seasonings, profitable well into the 19th century.

In the Caribbean, the island of Grenada is well known for growing and exporting a number of spices, including the nutmeg, which was introduced to Grenada by the settlers.

Handling spices

A spice may be available in several forms: fresh, whole dried, or pre-ground dried. Generally, spices are dried. A whole dried spice has the longest shelf life, so it can be purchased and stored in larger amounts, making it cheaper on a per-serving basis. Some spices are rarely available either fresh or whole, for example turmeric, and must be purchased in ground form. Small seeds, such as fennel and mustard seeds, are used both whole and in powder form.

The flavor of a spice is derived in part from compounds that oxidize or evaporate when exposed to air. Grinding a spice greatly increases its surface area and so increases the rates of oxidation and evaporation. Thus, flavor is maximized by storing a spice whole and grinding when needed. The shelf life of a whole spice is roughly two years; of a ground spice roughly six months. The "flavor life" of a ground spice can much shorter. Ground spices are better stored away from light.

To grind a whole spice, the classic tool is mortar and pestle. Less labor-intensive tools are more common now: a microplane or fine grater can be used to grind small amounts; a coffee grinder is useful for larger amounts. A frequently used spice such as black pepper may merit storage in its own hand grinder or mill.

Some flavor elements in spices are soluble in water; many are soluble in oil or fat. As a general rule, the flavors from a spice take time to infuse into the food so spices are added early in preparation.

Production

{| style="border: 1px solid rgb(153,153,153); padding: 2px;" |- | colspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;"| Production in tonnes. Figures 2003-2004 Researched by FAOSTAT (FAO) |- style="text-align:right;" |align="left"| ||1 600 000||86 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||99 000||5 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||48 000||3 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||45 300||2 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||15 500||1 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| Other countries ||60 900||3 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| Total||1 868 700||100 % |}

Standardization

ISO has published a series of standards regarding the products of the topic. These standards are covered by ICS 67.220.

Research

The Indian Institute of Spices Research, located at Calicut (Kozhikode) in Kerala, India, is exclusively devoted to conduct research on all aspects of spice crops such as black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, garcinia and vanilla.

See also

Condiment

List of herbs and spices

List of Indian spices

Spice trade

Notes

Sources

Further reading

Books

Corn, Charles. ''Scents of Eden: A History of the Spice Trade''. New York: Kodansha, 1999.

:*

Dalby, Andrew. ''Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

Freedman, Paul. ''Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination''. New Haven: Yale UP, 2008.

Keay, John. ''The Spice Route: A Histor''y. Berkeley: U of California P, 2006.

Krondl, Michael. ''The Taste of Conquest: The Rise and Fall of the Three Great Cities of Spice''. New York: Ballantine Books, 2007.

Miller, J. Innes. ''The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire''. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1969.

Morton, Timothy. ''Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic''. Cambridge UP, 2000.

Articles

External links

Pungency of spices

*

ar:بهارات ay:Manq'a sumachiri az:Sous bn:সস bs:Začin br:Spis (temz) bg:Подправка ca:Espècia cs:Koření cy:Sbeis da:Krydderi de:Gewürz et:Vürtsid el:Μπαχαρικό es:Especia eo:Spico eu:Espezia fa:ادویه fr:Épice gd:Spìosradh gl:Especia ko:향신료 hi:मसाला hr:Začin io:Spico id:Rempah-rempah is:Krydd it:Spezia (alimento) he:תבלין jv:Rempah-rempah ht:Zepis ku:Biharat lv:Garšviela lb:Gewierzer lt:Prieskonis hu:Fűszer mr:मसाला arz:ليستة التوابل ms:Rempah nl:Specerij ja:香辛料 no:Krydder nn:Krydder nrm:Êpice oc:Espècia (cosina) pl:Przyprawa pt:Especiaria ro:Condiment qu:Q'apachana ru:Вкусовые добавки sah:Тума se:Máistagat scn:Sarsa simple:Spice sk:Korenina sl:Začimba sr:Зачин fi:Mauste sv:Krydda tl:Pampalasa ta:மசாலாப் பொருள் th:เครื่องเทศ tr:Baharat uk:Спеції vi:Gia vị bat-smg:Mėrkals zh:香辛料

"The Man" is a slang phrase that may refer to the government or to some other authority in a position of power. In addition to this derogatory connotation, it may also serve as a term of respect and praise.

The phrase "the Man is keeping me down" is commonly used to describe oppression. The phrase "stick it to the Man" encourages resistance to authority, and essentially means "fight back" or "resist", either openly or via sabotage.

History

The term "the Man" in the American sense dates back to the late 19th Century. In the Southern U.S. states, the phrase came to be applied to any man or any group in a position of authority, or to authority in the abstract. From about the 1950s the phrase was also an underworld code word for police, the warden of a prison or other law enforcement or penal authorities.

It was also used as a term for a drug dealer in the 1950s and 1960s and can be seen in such media as Curtis Mayfield's "No Thing On Me", William Burroughs's novel ''Naked Lunch'', and in the Velvet Underground song "I'm Waiting for the Man", in which Lou Reed sings about going to Uptown Manhattan, specifically Lexington Avenue and 125th Street, to buy heroin.

The use of this term was expanded to counterculture groups and their battles against authority, such as the Yippies, which, according to a May 19, 1969 article in ''U.S. News and World Report'', had the "avowed aim ... to destroy 'The Man', their term for the present system of government". The term eventually found its way into humorous usage, such as in a December 1979 motorcycle ad from the magazine ''Easyriders'' which featured the tagline, "California residents: Add 6% sales tax for The Man."

In present day, the phrase has been popularized in commercials and cinema.

Use as praise

The term has also been used as an approbation or form of praise. This may refer to the recipient's status as the leader or authority within a particular context, or it might be assumed to be a shortened form of a phrase like "He is the man (who is in charge)." One example of this usage dates to 1879 when Otto von Bismarck commented, referring to Benjamin Disraeli's pre-eminent position at the Congress of Berlin, "The old Jew, he is the man."

In more modern usage, it can be a superlative compliment ("you da man!") indicating that the subject is currently standing out amongst his peers even though they have no special designation or rank, such as a basketball player who is performing better than the other players on the court. It can also be used as a genuine compliment with an implied, slightly exaggerated or sarcastic tone, usually indicating that the person has indeed impressed the speaker but by doing something relatively trivial.

See also

Absentee landlord

Big Brother (''Nineteen Eighty-Four'')

New World Order (conspiracy theory)

Ruling class

The Establishment

Power elite

Corrections officer

YTMND

Notes

References

Lighter, J.E. (Ed.). (1997). ''Random House Dictionary of American Slang''. New York: Random House.

Category:Slang expressions Category:Stock characters Category:English idioms Category:Pejorative terms for people Category:Military-industrial complex

Name	Vybz Kartel
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Adidja Palmer
Alias	Addi Di Teacha, Gaza Emperor, World Boss
Born	January 07, 1976Kingston, Jamaica
Origin	Portmore, Jamaica
Genre	ReggaeDancehallReggae fusion
Occupation	Deejay, Songwriter, Entrepreneur, Lyricist, Producer
Years active	2000–present
Label	Adidjaheim Records, NotNice Production
Associated acts	Bounty Killer, Beenie Man, Aidonia Elephant Man, Ninjaman, Alliance, Portmore Empire, Major Lazer & Popcaan, Kano, Vanessa Bling
Website	Vybz Kartel's MySpace

Adidja Palmer (born January 7, 1976), better known as Vybz Kartel, is a Jamaican dancehall artist, songwriter and businessman. He has many nicknames, including Addi the Teacher and Gaza Emperor.

Biography

Adidja Palmer (Addi Teacha) began his career as a teenager in 1993, with his first recording "Love Fat Woman", his first single, released on Alvin Reid's label "One Heart", using the moniker "Adi Banton", a homage to Buju Banton. Palmer was later part of the three-member group "Vybez Cartel", keeping the slightly altered name after group split up, and became a protege of Bounty Killer, for whom he claims to have written nearly 30 songs, including "Gal Clown".

Vybz Kartel rose to prominence in 2003 after a string of hits in Jamaica. The year culminated in a pre-planned on-stage clash with Ninjaman at the annual dancehall festival Sting in Kartel's hometown of Portmore. The clash turned violent when Kartel's crewmembers, as well as Kartel himself, threw punches and assaulted Ninjaman onstage. While Kartel's manager initially blamed Ninjaman for the fracas, Kartel himself quickly apologised to Ninjaman and Sting organizers for the fracas. Four days after the incident, the two artists appeared before the press to announce a settlement of their differences and to end any animosity.

He established his own label Adidjahiem/Notnice Records with his business partner and producer Ainsley "Notnice" Morris. In 2010, he released his album ''Pon Di Gaza 2.0'' on Adidjahiem/Notnice Records in collaboration with Tads Record Inc. In Spring 2011, Kartel is scheduled to release a still-unnamed album with Brooklyn Hip Hop/Electro producer Dre Skull.

Kartel has worked on collaborations and remixes with Hip Hop and R&B; musicians Jay-Z, Rihanna, Missy Elliot, Busta Rhymes, M.I.A, Pharrell, Kardinal Offishal, Akon, Jim Jones and Eminem.

In 2009 he had two international hits with “Ramping Shop” debuting on the Billboard Top 100 Singles charts, and “Dollar Sign” being in regular rotation on urban radio stations in the US. His 2010 single "Clarks" was one of his biggest international successes, remaining in the top 3 Reggae Singles gaining the most radio plays in North America for 40 weeks. "Clarks" was also featured on the TV series ''So You Think You Can Dance Canada'', and on a CNN segment on Dancehall dance. MTV's ''Vice Guide to Dancehall'' featured Kartel at his weekly dance party, Street Vybz Thursday.

After splitting with Bounty Killer-led Alliance in 2006, Kartel founded the Portmore Empire, a group of Dancehall deejays and singers from his Portmore neighborhood that he signed to his newly founded Adidjahiem/Notnice Records. Current members of the group are: Popcaan, Shawn Storm, Sheba, Indu, Tommy Lee, Singing Maxwell, Singa Blinga, Lenny Mattic. Former members include Lisa Hype, Gaza Kim, Black Ryno, Jah Vinci, Deejay Spice, Doza Medicine and Merital.

Feud with Mavado

Towards the end of 2006, Vybz Kartel left the Alliance. Tensions arose following Kartel's continued association with Bounty Killer's longtime enemy, Beenie Man, including Kartel attending Beenie Man's wedding to Bounty Killer's ex-girlfriend, D'Angel. Vybz Kartel cited his departure as being due to his desire to be a more independent artist. It was reported that Vybz and Bounty Killer performed together ahead of the annual Sting show. Due to Kartel's defection from the Alliance and his 'parring' (fraternising) with Beenie Man, a series of songs and counteraction songs ensued - the main proponents being Kartel and Mavado.

A very public feud between Vybz Kartel and former collaborator Mavado arose towards the end of 2006, stemming from Vybz' much publicized departure from the dancehall conglomerate group, The Alliance. The feud resulted in numerous diss-tracks released, in which each artist dissed the other and their associates over popular dancehall rhythms. In a police-overseen press conference in March 2007, both Mavado and Vybz Kartel publicly announced an end to hostilities and apologized to fans.

However, by the summer of 2008, tensions flared with a renewal of "diss tracks" from each artist, and a lyrical clash between the two at Sting 2008 left mixed views as to the "winner". Most of 2009 saw a continuation of the public feud, which dominated Jamaican media and, to a certain extent, Jamaican culture, with the two artists' factions, ''Gaza'' (Kartel) and ''Gully'' (Mavado), being adopted by Jamaican youth, in some cases leading to street violence.

On December 8, 2009, Kartel and Mavado met with Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding in an attempt to end the feud, which had by that time fueled mob attacks in some of the inner-city neighborhoods of Kingston. The two had performed together on-stage the previous night in a sign of goodwill at the West Kingston Jamboree, a concert promoted by area leader Christopher "Dudus" Coke. After the truce in December 2009, the two artists were scheduled to perform a unity concert March 2010 in Barbados, which was later cancelled by the prime minister of that country.

Business

In 2008, Vybz Kartel launched his own liquor line Street Vybz Rum. He hosts a weekly dance party Street Vybz Thursday, at the Building, Kingston nightclub he manages with Street Vybz Rum business partner Corey Todd. The rum is officially distributed by Vybz Distillers Limited. The same year, he also released his own condom line, Daggering Condoms. Kartel's goal for 2011 is to release his own shoe line named Addi's, as well as his own line of "cake soap".

When his singles "Clarks", "Clarks 2 (Clarks Again)" and "Clarks 3 (Wear Weh Yuh Have)" featured the British shoe brand Clarks in 2010, its sales numbers and prices in Jamaica increased considerably.

Controversy

Kartel has come under controversy over perceived skin whitening, or "bleaching", leading him to claim to the use of "cake soap" to lighten his skin. The Blue Power Group, Jamaican manufacturer of the popular cake soap (or "blue soap") has refuted claims it changes skin colour. Kartel then stated the soap used to lighten his skin was his own brand, which he intends to release on the local market.

Awards

Kartel has had several collaborations with international hip hop and pop stars. He has released two albums for the UK/US based label Greensleeves Records. He was also nominated for the Source, VIBE and UK MOBO awards, although his 2004 UK MOBO award nomination was withdrawn amidst controversy over allegedly homophobic content of his lyrics.

2003

* Stone Love's 30th Anniversary

** DJ of the Year

2008

* CUMA (Caribbean Urban Music Awards)

2009

EME Awards

** Male DJ of the Year

** Lyricist/Songwriter of the Year

** Song of the Year (Romping Shop ft. Spice)

2010

EME Awards

** Male DJ of the Year

** Lyricist/Songwriter of the Year

** Recording Artist of the Year

WBLS Caribbean Artiste of the Year

Nominated by the MOBO Awards and Soul Train Awards for Reggae Artist of the Year.

References

External links

The Kartel Business - A look at Vybz Kartel as an Entrepreneur

Vybz Kartel, one of the baddest DJs

Vibes Kartel| Vybz Kartel| Fastest Growing Dancehall Artist in the Caribbean

Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:People from Kingston, Jamaica Category:Dancehall musicians Category:Reggae fusion artists Category:Jamaican reggae musicians

da:Vybz Kartel de:Vybz Kartel fr:Vybz Kartel it:Vybz Kartel ht:Vybz Kartel

Name	Spice 1
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Robert L. Green, Jr.
Origin	Hayward, California, United States
Born	1970Corsicana, Texas
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	Rapper, record producer
Years active	1988–present
Label	Jive, Real Talk
Associated acts	Celly Cel, MC Eiht, C-Bo, Yukmouth, Jayo Felony, 187 Fac, Too $hort
Website	}}

Robert L. Green, Jr., better known by his stage name Spice 1, is an American rapper from Hayward, California. He has consistently been releasing solo and group albums since 1992. Spice 1 was ranked number 56 in ''The Source'' magazine's Top 115 Hip-Hop Artists from 1988–2003. His self-titled debut was also listed in The Source's 100 Best Rap Albums.

Jive Records (1991-1999)

He was first discovered by rapper Too Short. His first release, ''Let It Be Known'' EP, was not well known or widely released, and included seven old-school style tracks. His self-titled debut album ''Spice 1'' was a very vivid and fatalistic gangsta rap album, and his angry, edgy, and pessimistic rapping style and tone only added to the despair emanating from the disc. He followed it with an even more bitter and nihilistic release, ''187 He Wrote'' in 1993, complete with simulated gunfire. Spice 1 managed to release six albums under Jive records along with one greatest hits album. It was reported by Jive that he has an album called "Full Metal Jacket", which was supposed to release under Jive. However, Spice 1 stated in many interviews that this information was false. It was something Jive wanted to push him into releasing, but he never agreed to do so. Therefore, the album was never released and it is uncertain whether or not songs for this album were used for future albums or if any songs were even recorded for this project.

In 1996, Spice 1 appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, America is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan, and Fat Joe, among many other prominent hip hop artists. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as "a masterpiece" by The Source magazine.

While Spice 1 was signed to Jive, three of his albums reached Gold status. According to the RIAA, these albums were ''Spice 1'', ''187 He Wrote'' and ''AmeriKKKa's Nightmare''. He continued to have success on later albums as well, though he never managed receive further certificates for selling over 500,000. Despite this he never changed his image, continuing to retain a gangster image throughout his career on Jive Records. The biggest song in his career was "Trigga Gots No Heart" from the ''Menace II Society'' soundtrack. However, at the same time he released "Trigga Gots No Heart", which also served as a first single for his album, fellow rap artist MC Eiht also had a hit single from the soundtrack which took the number one spot called "Streiht Up Menace". After 8 years, Spice 1 released his last album with the label, ''Immortalized''. Though it received good reviews, it was not well promoted and didn't sell as expected. According to Spice 1, he left Jive Records because they wanted him to clean up his image.

Life after Jive (2000 - 2007)

Spice's creative output has ballooned since his release from Jive. He has released more than 10 group and solo albums since.

Spice 1 recently defended Ice-T in his feud with Soulja Boy Tell 'Em.

Personal life

He attended Mt. Eden High School in Hayward.

Spice 1 was shot in the chest on the morning of December 3, 2007, while sitting in his Cadillac Escalade outside his parents' home in Hayward. The shooting is believed to be motivated by robbery, rather than any sort of rivalry. He suffered a collapsed lung. He talked about the shooting 6 days after it occurred from his hospital bed.

Discography

Solo albums

1991: ''Let It Be Known'' (EP)

1992: ''Spice 1''

1993: ''187 He Wrote''

1994: ''AmeriKKKa's Nightmare''

1995: ''1990-Sick''

1997: ''The Black Bossalini (a.k.a. Dr. Bomb from da Bay)''

1999: ''Immortalized''

2000: ''The Last Dance''

2002: ''Spiceberg Slim''

2004: ''The Ridah''

2005: ''Dyin' 2 Ball''

2005: ''The Truth''

2010: ''Hallowpoint''

2011: ''Home Street Home'' (4/20)

Collaboration albums

2003: ''NTA: National Thug Association'' (with Bad Boy)

2004: ''The Pioneers'' (with MC Eiht)

2006: ''Keep It Gangsta'' (with MC Eiht)

2007: ''Criminal Intent'' (with Jayo Felony)

Compilations

1998: ''Hits''

2000: ''The Playa Rich Project''

2001: ''Hits II: Ganked & Gaffled''

2002: ''The Playa Rich Project 2''

2002: ''Hits 3''

2002: ''Thug Disease''

2005: ''Bossed Out''

2005: ''The Thug In Me''

2006: ''Life After Jive: 2000 to 2005''

2007: ''Thug Association''

2008: ''Thug Reunion''

2011: ''Spice N Erbzz''

Mixtapes

2010: ''Notorious Bastards Vol. 1''

With Criminalz

2001: ''Criminal Activity''

Thug Lordz

2006: ''Thug Lordz Trilogy''

Guest appearances

1993: "Spice 1 wit da Banksta" (from the Ant Banks album ''Sittin' on Somethin' Phat'')

1993: "The Dangerous Crew" (from the Too Short album ''Get in Where You Fit In'')

1993 "Nigga Gots No Heart" (from the ''Menace II Society Soundtrack'')

1994: "Gangsta Team" (from the South Central Cartel album '''N Gatz We Truss'')

1994: "2 Kill a G" (from the Ant Banks album ''The Big Badass'')

1994: "Nigga Sings the Blues" (from ''Jason's Lyric Soundtrack'')

1994: "Nuthin' but the Gangsta" (from the MC Eiht album ''We Come Strapped'')

1994: "East Coast/West Coast" (from the Simplé E album ''Colouz Uv Sound'')

1995: "Sound of Lead" (from the Ant Banks album ''Do or Die'')

1995: "Born II Die" (from the ''Tales from the Hood Soundtrack'')

1995: "Dusted N Disgusted" (from the E-40 album ''In a Major Way'')

1995: "Trouble (Scared to Blast)" (from the The Dangerous Crew album ''Don't Try This at Home'')

1995: "No Peace", "Gun Smoke", "Pass da Dank" (from the South Central Cartel album ''Murder Squad Nationwide'')

1996: "Slugs" (from the Original Gangstas'' soundtrack

1996: "Red Rum" (from the Celly Cel album ''Killa Kali'')

1996: "Check Ya Self" (from ''America Is Dying Slowly'')

1996: "Why You Wanna Funk?" (from ''High School High Soundtrack'')

1997: "West Riden" (from the Ant Banks album ''Big Thangs'')

1997: "Function" (from the Da' Unda' Dogg album ''Fresh Out Da' Gates - The Autobiography'')

1997: "Don't Stop" (from the Seagram album ''Souls on Ice'')

1997: "I'm Losin' It" (from the 2Pac album ''R U Still Down? (Remember Me)'')

1997: "Fac Not Fiction", "All Head No Body" (from the 187 Fac album ''Fac Not Fiction'')

1998: " ", "Salt Shaka" (from the 2 One One album ''2 One One in Progress'')

1998: "I Can't Turn Back" (from ''Cellblock Compilation, Vol. 2: Face/Off'')

1998: "Don't Wait" (from the Devin the Dude album ''The Dude'')

1998: "360°" (from the Eightball album ''Lost'')

1998: "Mob On", "Heat" (from the Paris album ''Unleashed'')

1999: "Section 11350" (from the Kokane album ''They Call Me Mr. Kane'')

1999: "Wet Party" (from the Tear Da Club Up Thugs album ''CrazyNDaLazDayz'')

1999: "Shook Niggas" (from the T.W.D.Y. album ''Derty Werk'')

1999: "Killa Foe My Skrilla" (from the Arapahoe TRUES album ''Original Rhythm & Hip Hop'')

2000: "AK Spray" (from the Flesh-N-Bone album ''From Cleveland 2 Cali'')

2000: "Smash" (from the Outlawz album ''Ride Wit Us or Collide Wit Us'')

2000: "Who Got the Keys?" (from the Low Life Mafia album ''Riding Deep & Dirty'')

2000: "U Better Get Ready" (from the Black Mophia Clan album ''Heat From The Streets Of Roe'')

2000: "Hustlers Dream" (from ''Blood and Tears Soundtrack'')

2000: "In Yo' Look" (from the Sean T album ''Heated'')

2000: "Wig Split" (from the DenGee album ''DenGee Livin''')

2001: "The Payback" (from the 187 album ''Furious'')

2003: "Game" (from the 40 Glocc album ''The Jakal'')

2004: "In the Ghetto" (from the Trae album ''Losing Composure'')

2004: "Some Girls Deserve To Die" (from Mars Unreleased album)

2005: "Second Time Around" (from the Mars album ''Mars Attacks'')

2006: "The New West" (from the Playalitical album ''Code Green: Operation Take Over'')

2006: "Public Enemy No. 1" (from the Timz album ''Open for Business)''

2007: "Staying Alive", "Murder'Ra" (from the Z-Ro album ''King Of Tha Ghetto: Power'')

2007: "Start a Problem", "Tell Me What U Want" (from the Daz Dillinger album ''Gangsta Party'')

2007: "My Heat Go..." (from the Tito B album ''Starz The Limit'')

2008: "Street Life" (from the Grave Plott album ''The Plott Thickens'')

2008: "No Thang" (from the Kung Fu Vampire album ''Dead Sexy'')

2009: "6 Ways from Sunday" (from the Killa C album "Bound In Chains")

2010: "Keep It G" (from "SEE-SMOKE" self titled album)

2011: "The Game Needs Me" (from Suga T album "The Best Is Yet To Come")

References

==External links==.

Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:American shooting survivors Category:People from Navarro County, Texas Category:People from Hayward, California Category:Rappers from Texas Category:Rappers from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:1970 births

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