Name	Lomé
Native name
Settlement type	City
Motto
Image seal	Lomé Coat of arms.jpg
Seal size	60px
Dot x	|dot_y
Pushpin map	Togo
Pushpin label position	bottom
Pushpin map caption	Location in Togo
Pushpin mapsize
Coordinates region	TG
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name
Subdivision type1	Region
Subdivision name1	Maritime Region
Subdivision type2	Prefecture
Subdivision name2	Greater Lomé
Subdivision name4
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Aouissi Lodé
Leader title1
Established title
Established title2
Established title3
Established date3
Unit pref	Imperial
Area total km2
Area land km2
Area blank1 sq mi
Population total	737,751
Population blank1 title	Ethnicities
Population blank2 title	Religions
Population density blank1 sq mi
Timezone	UTC
Elevation footnotes
Elevation ft
Postal code type
Footnotes	}}

Lomé, with an estimated population of 737,751, is the capital and largest city of Togo. Located on the Gulf of Guinea, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center and its chief port. The city exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and palm kernels. It also has an oil refinery.

History

The city was founded in the 18th century by the Ewe people.

The city's population grew rapidly in the second half of the 20th century. The city had approximately 30,000 inhabitants in 1950: by 1960 (the year Togo gained its independence from France) the population had reached 80,000, increasing to 200,000 by 1970.

Since 1975, investments grew by 10% in the past year and had been targeted for development. At the same time, railways, which have an important role in serving the suburbs of the city, deteriorated however.

Market gardening around the city increased, spurred by growing unemployment, rural migration and the demand for vegetables. Market gardening, first extended to the north, is carried on mainly along the beach (whose sand is very salty), and planting hedges provides protection.

The various studies of the land market of the city show that the areas are quite heterogeneous, combining opulent villas and modest housing, without social and spatial division of the city. Other problems increasingly experienced by Lomé are related to garbage collection, and the fight against unhealthy urban living conditions has become a priority of the city and its inhabitants.

Geography

On its inception, Lomé was trapped between the lagoon in the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the south, the village of Bè in the east and the border of Aflao, Ghana in the West. Today the city has seen a massive growth with the oil refinery in the east.

Neighborhoods in Lomé include Ablogamé, Adawlato, Amoutivé, Bé, Dékon, Forever, Kodjoviakopé, Noukafou, Nyékonakpoé, Tokoin and Xédranawoe.

Neighbourhoods in the north of the city are almost separated from the centre by a lagoon. The lagoon itself covers 30 km².

Lomé is recognized by the Togolese government as a Municipal Greater Urban Area. Cities and towns in the Greater Lomé Metropolitan Area include: Aflao (Ghana), Agbalépédogan, Akodésséwa, Anfamé, Baguida, Kanyikopé, Kélékougan, Lomé II, Totsigan, Adidogome, Kegue and Totsivi. Services of the Municipality of Lomé far beyond the boundaries of the Gulf and the town north and east of the city.

Distance of Lomé from other Togolese cities

Lomé/Tsévié 35 km

Lomé/Aného 45 km

Lomé/Tabligbo 90 km

Lomé/Notsé 100 km

Lomé/Kpalimé 121 km

Lomé/Atakpamé 167 km

Lomé/Blitta 273 km

Lomé/Sokodé 355 km

Lomé/Bafilo 404 km

Lomé/Bassar 412 km

Lomé/Kara 413 km

Lomé/Kandé 503 km

Lomé/Mango 592 km

Lomé/Dapaong 662 km

Climate

As in most equatorial climates, the city has two rainy seasons, the first starts in April and ends in July, then a second rainy season starts in early September and ends in late November.

The heat is constant, the average maximum temperature in the shade is on average in the afternoon, and the average minimum temperature is in the morning. Earlier this year, a dry wind from the Sahara brought down the temeprature to as low as in the morning.

The climate of Lomé is also greatly influenced by the ocean. The heat is stable, without excessive peaks, and the wind coming from the sea, makes it quite pleasant.

The city has a distinctively low rainfall for this latitude, in fact, Lomé enjoys a micro climate that allows her to reach a low rainfall for the region (800 mm per year). By comparison, Paris receives an average of 650 mm per year.

Politics

International agreements

A number of international agreements have been signed in Lomé.

Lomé Convention

The Lomé Convention is a trade and aid agreement between the European Union (EU) and 71 African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries. It was first signed on February 28, 1975, in Lomé. The first Lomé Convention (Lomé I), which came into force in April 1976, was designed to provide a new framework of cooperation between the then European Community (EC) and developing ACP countries, in particular former British, Dutch, Belgian and French colonies. It had two main aspects. It provided for most ACP agricultural and mineral exports to enter the EC free of duty. Preferential access based on a quota system was agreed for products, such as sugar and beef, in competition with EC agriculture. Secondly, the EC committed to the ECU for 3 billion in aid and investment in the ACP countries.

The convention was renegotiated and renewed three times. Lomé II (January 1981 to February 1985) increased the aid and investment expenditure for the ECU to 5.5 billion. Lomé III came into force in March 1985 (trade provisions) and May 1986 (aid), and expired in 1990; it increased commitments to ECU by 8.5 billion. Lomé IV was signed in December 1989. Its trade provisions cover ten years, 1990 to 1999. Aid and investment commitments for the first five years amounted to 12 billion. In all, some 70 ACP countries are party to Lomé IV, compared with the 46 signatories of Lomé I.

Lomé Peace Accord

The Lomé Peace Accord was signed in Lome and was a peace agreement between the warring parties in the civil war in Sierra Leone. With the assistance of the international community, Sierra Leone President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah and Revolutionary United Front leader Foday Sankoh signed the Peace Accord on July 7, 1999. However, the agreement did not last and the Sierra Leone Civil War continued for two more years.

Demographics

Demographic evolution of Lomé
! 1892
! 1896
! 1900
! 1904
! 1907
! 1911
! 1930
! 1938
! 1950
! 1955
! 1960
! 1970
! 1981
! 1990
! 1997
! 2006

Economy

Located 200 km from Accra and 150 km from Cotonou, Lomé is an important port, including a free trade zone opened in 1968. It exports phosphates, coffee, cocoa, cotton and palm oil, much of the transit going to the neighbouring countries of Ghana, Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. The port also holds an oil refinery.

The University of Lomé is now known in West Africa. The country's main airport is situated outside the city. The tallest building in Lomé, and throughout the country, is the Hotel Corinthia (36 storeys or 102 m).

The city in general has great potential, because tourism is growing in the country. However, political instability that began to surface in the passing years and continues today has seriously affected the country's tourism sector. In 2003, the country received 57,539 visitors, an increase of 1% compared to 2002. 22% of tourists came from France, 10% of Burkina Faso and 9% were from Benin

Main sights

Notable landmarks in the city include Lomé Grand Market, the Togo National Museum in the Palais de Congrés, a fetish (voodoo) market, Lomé Cathedral, beaches and the former wharf.

The city of Lomé is a typical African city in the sense that many styles, influences, and traditions are mixed. The landscape combines red earth, with grand boulevards and large squares, green gardens and colourful houses.

There are some remnants of colonial architecture from the turn of the century, such as arcades and galleries and the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart designed in the German Gothic style. There are also many modern buildings, like the headquarters of the BCEAO, the BTCI, the magnificent edifice of ECOWAS, Hotel de la Paix, the Hotel Mercure Sarakawa, Palm Beach Hotel and the famous 2 Fevrier Sofitel Hotel, rising to 102 metres. Not far away is the Lomé Grand Market, with a large 3-storey hall. It sells everything from red peppers, green lemons, and dried fish, to combs, travel bags, and traditional medicinal remedies. On the first floor is the Nana Benz, which is noted for its clothing. Nearer the centre of the city, there is the Akodessewa market, which is much more specialized than the general market. There are fetishes, gongons, and gris-gris.

The coast is considerably less frantic than the market, with local fishermen quietly pushing their large boats out to sea. To the west of the city is a residential area that faces the sea. The area has long streets, dotted by official government buildings excluding the Palace of Justice and the various embassies and consulates. Farther north, near the Monument of Independence, is the house of the Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), a major convention center, within which lies the Togo National Museum. The museum contains collections, jewelry, musical instruments, dolls, pottery, weapons and many other objects showing the arts and traditions.

Education

The University of Lomé (previously called University of Benin) is located in Lomé Tokoin Campus. Also, The British School of Lome is located in the city.

Transportation

The city is served by the Lomé-Tokoin Airport. The tallest building in Lomé and in all of Togo is the 2 Fevrier Sofitel Hotel building. The former railway line to Blitta runs from the airport to the city. In Lomé, and in many other places in Togo, moto-taxis are a common form of transportation. Motorcycle drivers fill the streets and passengers flag them down for a ride on the back for a small charge.

Notable residents

David Agbodji, model

Emmanuel Adebayor, footballer for Togo and Manchester City F.C.

King Mensah, popular Afropop musician, and philanthropist

Moustapha Salifou, footballer for Togo and Aston Villa

Nicole Coste, Air France flight attendant, mother of Alexandre Coste (the son of Albert II, Prince of Monaco)

References

External links

The Olympio family

Map of Lomé

Togo Woezon Tourism

Category:Capitals in Africa Category:Ghana–Togo border crossings Category:Populated places established in the 18th century Category:Populated places in Maritime Region Category:Port cities in Africa

af:Lomé am:ሎሜ ar:لومي roa-rup:Lomé zh-min-nan:Lomé be:Горад Ломе be-x-old:Ломэ bo:ལཱོ་མེ། bs:Lomé br:Lomé bg:Ломе ca:Lomé cs:Lomé cy:Lomé da:Lomé de:Lomé et:Lomé el:Λομέ es:Lomé eo:Lomeo eu:Lome fa:لومه hif:Lomé fr:Lomé fy:Lomee gd:Lomé gl:Lomé ko:로메 hy:Լոմե hr:Lomé io:Lome id:Lomé ie:Lomé is:Lomé it:Lomé he:לומה jv:Lomé ka:ლომე ky:Ломе sw:Lome ht:Lome mrj:Ломе la:Lome lv:Lome lb:Lomé lt:Lomė lmo:Lomé hu:Lomé mk:Ломе mr:लोमे arz:لوميه ms:Lomé nl:Lomé ja:ロメ no:Lomé nn:Lomé nov:Lome oc:Lomé pnb:لوم pms:Lomé nds:Lomé pl:Lomé pt:Lomé ro:Lomé ru:Ломе sco:Lomé stq:Lomé simple:Lomé sk:Lomé so:Lome ckb:لۆمێ sr:Ломе fi:Lomé sv:Lomé tl:Lomé th:โลเม tg:Ломе tr:Lomé udm:Ломе uk:Ломе ug:لومې vec:Lomé vi:Lomé war:Lomé yo:Lomé zh:洛美

The De Lôme Letter, which set off an 1898 diplomatic incident, was written by Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, the Spanish Minister with the Portfolio of Cuba. In a personal letter, which was stolen despite being under diplomatic protection, he referred to the US President : "...McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party." On February 9, 1898, the letter was published in the ''New York Journal'', headlining it "the end of the world started this day ".

This event fired up an otherwise inactive President McKinley and helped stir public sentiment in favor of the Cuban Junta and against the Spanish, and is seen as one of the principal triggers of the Spanish-American War of 1898.

Aftermaths

Whilst the State Department was demanding for De Lôme's dismissal, De Lôme had already cabled his resignation to Madrid. United States officials realized that what Yellow journalism had construed of the De Lôme letter were to a large extent, mere exaggerations of a comic diplomatic blunder. The leaking of the De Lôme letter is often attributed as one of the key events leading to the Spanish-American War.

See also

Yellow journalism

William Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer

Sources

Centennial Website

The Great Republic by Master Historians

W.A. Swanberg, from ''Citizen Hearst: A biography of William Randolph Hearst'': (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1961)

External links

OurDocuments.gov

Engaging Students in American History

Category:History of the foreign relations of the United States Category:Spanish–American War Category:1898 in international relations Category:Historical documents Category:Letters (message)

name	DJ Arafat
background	solo_singer
birth name	Ange Didier Houon
alias	Arafat DJ 3500 voltesArafat MuanaYoroboh 5500 voltesApache 8500 voltesSao Tao le dictateurCommandant Zabra
birth date	October 14, 1985
genre	Coupé-Décalé
years active
website
notable instruments	}}

DJ Arafat or Arafat Muana (, born October 14, 1985 as Ange Didier Houon) is an ex-disc jockey in «Shangaï» on Princess Street (''Rue Princesse'' - located in Yopougon, Côte d'Ivoire), is a griot, DJ and singer from the Ivory Coast who makes music of the Coupé-Décalé genre. He in particular took part in the success of several artists of the Ivory Coast including Molare with his Boucan song.

DJ Arafat is son of the Tina Glamour, artist from Cote d'Ivoire.

Discography

Albums

Year !! Title !! Label
2003	''Hommage à Jonathan''	—
2005	''Femmes''
2006	''A Nous La Victoire''With Meiway and Christy B
2006	''Goudron Noir''
2008	''Don de Dieu''
2009	''Attalaku Eto'o vol 1''
June 192010	''Gladiator''

Singles

2008 : ''African Tonik'' with Mokobé, Mohamed Lamine and Mory Kante

2009 : ''Gladiator''

2010 : ''Sao Tao en Lil Wayne'' (with Yvan Trésor)

2010 : ''Hymne officiel des Elephants pour Orange foot''

2010 : ''Digital''

Musical collaborations

''On va sauter''''Pipo''''Mastiboulance''''Tu fais malin'' ''Mon ami'' ''On aime trop ça''''Kpangor reload''''Reinta Fouinta''''Lebede 2''''Spot 2009 (-18 ans)'' ''Madame Monsieur'' ''Spécial Sesegnon'' ''25 25 Arachide reload''''Lebede 2''''Guedjé wan houssa'' ''Kassamoulé''''Sauterelle''''Zropoto 1''''Zropoto 2''''Zropoto 3''

Year	! Title stone face	! Collaborators	! Album
2003	''Boucan''	Le Molare>Molare & DJ Lewis
2005	|	—	Grand Maquis
2006	|	DJ Caloudji DJ TV5 & Serpent noir DJ	Mister Black Hits
2006	|	Papa Ministre and DJ Lewis	—
2006	|	Erickson Le Zulu	Africa wanted Vol. 3
2007	|	DJ Rodrigue	—
2008	|	Alibi Montana	Coupé Décalé Mania Volume 2
2008	|	Vetcho Lolas	—
2009	|	Debordeaux Leekunfa & Claire Bailly	—
2009	|	Debordeaux Leekunfa	—
2009	|	DJ Karter	—
2009	|	DJ TV3	—
2009	|	Debordeaux Leekunfa	—
2007	|	Debordeaux Leekunfa	—
2009	|	Debordeaux Leekunfa	—
2009	|	DJ K-Lamite	—
2010	|	Serges Beynaud	—
2010	|	Doliziana	—
2010	|	Media la Fifa	Gladiator
2010	|	DJ Arafat	Zropoto
2010	|	DJ Mix 1er	Zropoto

Tours

Name !! Dates !! Countries visited !! Album
''Réconciliation''	July to August 2010	Cameroon, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire

References

External links

Official website

Category:Ivorian singers Category:Living people Category:1985 births

fr:DJ Arafat