birth name	William Horatio Powell
birth date	July 29, 1892
birth place	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
death date	March 05, 1984
death place	Palm Springs, California, U.S.
occupation	Actor
yearsactive	1911–55
spouse	}}

William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor.

A major star at MGM, he was paired with Myrna Loy in fourteen films, including the popular ''Thin Man'' series in which Powell and Loy played Nick and Nora Charles. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times, for ''The Thin Man'' (1934), ''My Man Godfrey'' (1936) and ''Life with Father'' (1947). Despite the same last name he was not related to Dick Powell, Eleanor Powell or Jane Powell.

Childhood

Powell, an only child, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Nettie Manila (née Brady) and Horatio Warren Powell. He showed an early aptitude for performing. In 1907, he moved with his family to Kansas City, Missouri where he graduated from Central High School in 1912. The Powells lived a few blocks away from the Carpenters, whose daughter Harlean evolved into Jean Harlow, although Powell would not meet her until both were established stars.

Film career

After high school, he left home for New York and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts at the age of 18. In 1912 Powell graduated from the AADA, and worked in some vaudeville and stock companies. After several successful experiences on the Broadway stage, he began his Hollywood career in 1922 playing a small role in a production of ''Sherlock Holmes'' that starred John Barrymore as the great detective. His most memorable role in silent movies was as a bitter film director opposite Emil Jannings' Academy Award-winning performance as a fallen general in ''The Last Command'' (1928), which led to Powell's first starring role as amateur detective Philo Vance in ''The Canary Murder Case'' (1929).

Powell's most famous role was that of Nick Charles in six ''Thin Man'' films, beginning with ''The Thin Man'' in 1934. The role provided a perfect opportunity for Powell to showcase his sophisticated charm and his witty sense of humor, and he received his first Academy Award nomination for ''The Thin Man''. Myrna Loy played his wife, Nora, in each of the ''Thin Man'' films. Their partnership was one of Hollywood's most prolific on-screen pairings, with the couple appearing in 14 films together.

He and Loy also starred in the Best Picture of 1936, ''The Great Ziegfeld'', with Powell in the title role and Loy as Ziegfeld's wife Billie Burke. That same year, he also received his second Academy Award nomination, for the comedy ''My Man Godfrey''.

In 1935, he starred with Jean Harlow in ''Reckless''. Soon it developed into a serious romance, though she died in 1937 before they could marry. His distress over her death, as well as his own battle with colon cancer around the same time, caused him to accept fewer acting roles.

His career slowed considerably in the 1940s, although in 1947 he received his third Academy Award nomination for his work in ''Life with Father''. His last film was ''Mister Roberts'' in 1955, with Henry Fonda, James Cagney, and Jack Lemmon. Despite numerous entreaties to return to the screen, Powell refused all offers, happy in his retirement.

Personal life

In 1915, he married Eileen Wilson, with whom he had his only child, William David Powell, before an amicable divorce in 1930. (Powell's son became a television writer and producer before a period of ill health led to his suicide in 1968.)

In 1931, Powell married actress Carole Lombard. The marriage lasted just over two years. They were divorced in 1933, though they too remained on good terms, even starring together in the screwball comedy ''My Man Godfrey'' three years later.

He had a close relationship with actress Jean Harlow beginning in 1935, but it was cut short by her untimely death in 1937. It is reported that a single white gardenia with an unsigned note was placed in her hands before she was interred, presumed to have been written by Powell. The note read, "Good night, my dearest darling". He also paid for her final resting place—a $25,000, 9×10-foot private room lined with multicolored imported marble located in the "Sanctuary of Benediction" of the Great Mausoleum, Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale.

On January 6, 1940, he married actress Diana Lewis, whom he called "Mousie." They met only three weeks before they wed, yet they remained married until Powell's death.

Death

On March 5, 1984, Powell died of heart failure in Palm Springs, California, at the age of 91, some thirty years after his retirement. He is buried at the Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California. His widow died in 1997.

Honors

Academy Awards nominations

1934 Best Actor – ''The Thin Man''

1936 Best Actor – My Man Godfrey

1948 Best Actor – ''Life with Father''

Other

He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1636 Vine Street. He won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor in 1947 for ''Life with Father'' and ''The Senator Was Indiscreet''. The acoustic guitar instrumentalist Leo Kottke titled a song "William Powell" dedicated to the actor.

Filmography

Features:

''Sherlock Holmes'' (1922)

''When Knighthood Was in Flower'' (1922)

''Outcast'' (1922)

''The Bright Shawl'' (1923)

''Under the Red Robe'' (1923)

''Dangerous Money'' (1924)

''Romola'' (1924)

''Too Many Kisses'' (1925)

''Faint Perfume'' (1925)

''My Lady's Lips'' (1925)

''The Beautiful City'' (1925)

''White Mice'' (1926)

''Sea Horses'' (1926)

''Desert Gold'' (1926)

''The Runaway'' (1926)

''Aloma of the South Seas'' (1926)

''Beau Geste'' (1926)

''Tin Gods'' (1926)

''The Great Gatsby'' (1926)

''New York'' (1927)

''Love's Greatest Mistake'' (1927)

''Senorita'' (1927)

''Special Delivery'' (1927)

''Time to Love'' (1927)

''Paid to Love'' (1927)

''Nevada'' (1927)

''She's a Sheik'' (1927)

''Beau Sabreur'' (1928)

''The Last Command'' (1928)

''Feel My Pulse'' (1928)

''Partners in Crime'' (1928)

''The Dragnet'' (1928)

''The Vanishing Pioneer'' (1928)

''Forgotten Faces'' (1928)

''Interference'' (1928)

''The Canary Murder Case'' (1929)

''The Four Feathers'' (1929)

''The Greene Murder Case'' (1929)

''Charming Sinners'' (1929)

''Pointed Heels'' (1929)

''Behind the Make-Up'' (1930)

''Street of Chance'' (1930)

''The Benson Murder Case'' (1930)

''Paramount on Parade'' (1930)

''Shadow of the Law'' (1930)

''For the Defense'' (1930)

''Man of the World'' (1931)

''Ladies' Man'' (1931)

''The Road to Singapore'' (1931)

''High Pressure'' (1932)

''Jewel Robbery'' (1932)

''One Way Passage'' (1932)

''Lawyer Man'' (1933)

''Private Detective 62'' (1933)

''Double Harness'' (1933)

''The Kennel Murder Case'' (1933)

''Fashions of 1934'' (1934)

''Manhattan Melodrama'' (1934)

''The Thin Man'' (1934)

''The Key'' (1934)

''Evelyn Prentice'' (1934)

''Star of Midnight'' (1935)

''Reckless'' (1935)

''Escapade'' (1935)

''Rendezvous'' (1935)

''The Great Ziegfeld'' (1936)

''The Ex-Mrs. Bradford'' (1936)

''My Man Godfrey'' (1936)

''Libeled Lady'' (1936)

''After the Thin Man'' (1936)

''The Last of Mrs. Cheney'' (1937)

''The Emperor's Candlesticks'' (1937)

''Double Wedding'' (1937)

''The Baroness and the Butler'' (1938)

''Another Thin Man'' (1939)

''I Love You Again'' (1940)

''Love Crazy'' (1941)

''Shadow of the Thin Man'' (1941)

''Crossroads'' (1942)

''The Youngest Profession'' (1943) (cameo)

''The Heavenly Body'' (1943)

''The Thin Man Goes Home'' (1945)

''The Great Morgan'' (1946) (voice)

''Ziegfeld Follies'' (1946)

''The Hoodlum Saint'' (1946)

''Life with Father'' (1947)

''Song of the Thin Man'' (1947)

''The Senator Was Indiscreet'' (1947)

''Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid'' (1948)

''Take One False Step'' (1949)

''Dancing in the Dark'' (1949)

''It's a Big Country'' (1951)

''The Treasure of Lost Canyon'' (1952)

''The Girl Who Had Everything'' (1953)

''How to Marry a Millionaire'' (1953)

''Mister Roberts'' (1955)

Short subjects:

''Screen Snapshots'' (1932)

''Hollywood on Parade No. A-12'' (1933)

''Screen Snapshots: The Skolsky Party'' (1946)

References

Further reading

Bryant, Roger, ''William Powell: The Life and Films'', Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2006. ISBN 0-7864-2602-0

Francisco, Charles, ''Gentleman: The William Powell Story '', New York: St Martins Press, 1985. ISBN 0-312-32103-1

Christensen, Lawrence O., et al. ''Dictionary of Missouri Biography''. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press ISBN 0-8262-1222-0

External links

William Powell

Photographs of William Powell

FBI file on William Powell

Category:1892 births Category:1984 deaths Category:Burials at Desert Memorial Park Category:Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni Category:American actors Category:American film actors Category:American silent film actors Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:People from the Kansas City metropolitan area Category:20th-century actors

an:William Powell de:William Powell es:William Powell fr:William Powell it:William Powell nl:William Powell ja:ウィリアム・パウエル no:William Powell pl:William Powell pt:William Powell sr:Вилијам Пауел sh:William Powell fi:William Powell sv:William Powell tr:William Powell

name	Myrna Loy
birth name	Myrna Adele Williams
birth date	August 02, 1905
birth place	Helena, Montana, U.S.
death date	December 14, 1993
death place	New York City, New York, U.S.
occupation	Actress
years active	1925–1982
spouse	Arthur Hornblow, Jr. (1936–1942; divorced)John Hertz, Jr. (1942–1944; divorced)Gene Markey (1946–1950; divorced)Howland H. Sargeant (1951–1960; divorced)}}

Myrna Loy (August 2, 1905 – December 14, 1993) was an American actress. Trained as a dancer, she devoted herself fully to an acting career following a few minor roles in silent films. Originally typecast in exotic roles, often as a vamp or a woman of Asian descent, her career prospects improved following her portrayal of Nora Charles in ''The Thin Man'' (1934). Her successful pairing with William Powell resulted in 14 films together, including five subsequent ''Thin Man'' films.

Early life

Loy was born Myrna Adele Williams in Helena, Montana, to Adelle Mae (née Johnson) and rancher David Franklin Williams, in nearby Radersburg. Her paternal grandparents were natives of Wales, and her maternal grandparents were Swedish and Scottish. Her first name came from a train station whose name her father liked. Her father was also a banker and real estate developer and the youngest man ever elected to the Montana state legislature. Her mother studied music at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago.

During the winter of 1912, Loy's mother nearly died from pneumonia, and her father sent his wife and daughter to La Jolla, California. Loy's mother saw great potential in Southern California, and during one of his visits she encouraged her husband to purchase real estate there. Among the properties he bought was land he later sold at a considerable profit to Charlie Chaplin so the filmmaker could construct his studio there. Although Loy's mother tried to persuade her husband to move to California permanently, he preferred ranch life and the three eventually returned to Montana. Soon afterward, Loy's mother needed a hysterectomy and insisted Los Angeles was a safer place to have it done, so she, Loy, and Loy's brother David moved to Ocean Park, where Loy began to take dancing lessons. They continued after she returned to Montana, and at the age of 12, Myrna Williams made her stage debut performing a dance she choreographed based on ''The Blue Bird'' from the ''Rose Dream'' Operetta at Helena's Marlow Theater.

Loy's father died on November 7, 1918 of Spanish influenza, and Loy's mother was finally able to realize her dream to permanently relocate her family to California, where they settled in Culver City. Loy attended the exclusive Westlake School for Girls in Holmby Hills and continued to study dance in Downtown Los Angeles. When her teachers objected to her participating in theatrical arts, her mother enrolled her in Venice High School, and at 15, she began appearing in local stage productions.

In 1921, Loy posed for Harry Winebrenner's statue titled "Spiritual," which remained in front of Venice High School throughout the 20th century and can be seen in the opening scenes of the 1978 film ''Grease''. The statue was vandalized several times, and at one point was removed from display. However it has been rebuilt using bronze, and is on display again, surrounded by some thorny rosebushes to protect it.

Loy left school at the age of 18 to help with the family's finances. She obtained work at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, where she performed in elaborate musical sequences that were related to and served as prologues for the feature film. During this period she saw Eleonora Duse in the play ''Thy Will Be Done'', and the simple acting techniques she employed made such an impact on Loy she tried to emulate them throughout her career.

Early career

right|thumb|150px|Loy in the 1926 film ''Across the Pacific''Portrait photographer Henry Waxman had taken several pictures of Loy, and they were noticed by Rudolph Valentino when the actor went to Waxman's studio for a sitting. He was looking for a leading lady for ''Cobra'', the first independent project he and his wife Natacha Rambova were producing. She tested for the role, which went to Gertrude Olmstead instead, but soon after she was hired as an extra for ''Pretty Ladies'', in which she and fellow newcomer Joan Crawford were among a bevy of chorus girls dangling from an elaborate chandelier.

Rambova recommended Loy for a small but showy role opposite Nita Naldi in ''What Price Beauty?'' Although the film remained unreleased for three years, stills of Loy in her exotic makeup and costume appeared in a fan magazine and led to a contract with Warner Bros., where her surname was changed to Loy.

Loy's silent film roles were mainly those of vamps and femme fatales, and she frequently portrayed characters of Asian or Eurasian background in films such as ''Across the Pacific'', ''A Girl in Every Port'', ''The Crimson City'', ''The Black Watch'', and ''The Desert Song'', which she later recalled "...kind of solidified my exotic non-American image." It took years for her to overcome this stereotype, and as late as 1932 she was cast as a villainous Eurasian half-breed in ''Thirteen Women''. She also played a sadistic Chinese princess in ''The Mask of Fu Manchu'', opposite Boris Karloff. Prior to that, she appeared in small roles in ''The Jazz Singer'' and a number of early lavish Technicolor musicals, including ''The Show of Shows'', ''The Bride of the Regiment'', and ''Under A Texas Moon''. As a result, she became associated with musical roles, and when they began to lose favor with the public, her career went into a slump.

In 1934, Loy appeared in ''Manhattan Melodrama'' with Clark Gable and William Powell. When gangster John Dillinger was shot to death after leaving a screening of the film at the Biograph Theater in Chicago, the film received widespread publicity, with some newspapers reporting that Loy had been Dillinger's favorite actress.

Rise to stardom

After appearing with Ramón Novarro in ''The Barbarian'', Loy was cast as Nora Charles in the 1934 film ''The Thin Man''. Director W. S. Van Dyke chose Loy after he detected a wit and sense of humour that her previous films had not revealed. At a Hollywood party, he pushed her into a swimming pool to test her reaction, and felt that her aplomb in handling the situation was exactly what he envisioned for Nora. Louis B. Mayer at first refused to allow Loy to play the part because he felt she was a dramatic actress, but Van Dyke insisted. Mayer finally relented on the condition filming be completed within three weeks, as Loy was committed to start filming ''Stamboul Quest''. ''The Thin Man'' became one of the year's biggest hits, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film. Loy received excellent reviews and was acclaimed for her comedic skills. She and her costar William Powell proved to be a popular screen couple and appeared in 14 films together, one of the most prolific pairings in Hollywood history. Loy later referred to ''The Thin Man'' as the film "that finally made me... after more than 80 films".

Her successes in ''Manhattan Melodrama'' and ''The Thin Man'' marked a turning point in her career and she was cast in more important pictures. Such films as ''Wife vs. Secretary'' (1936) with Clark Gable and Jean Harlow and ''Petticoat Fever'' (1936) with Robert Montgomery gave her opportunity to develop comedic skills. She made four films in close succession with William Powell: ''Libeled Lady'' (1936), which also starred Spencer Tracy and Jean Harlow, ''The Great Ziegfeld'' (1936), in which she played Billie Burke opposite Powell's Florenz Ziegfeld, the second "Thin Man" film, ''After the Thin Man'', and the romantic comedy ''Double Wedding'' (1937). She also made three more films with Clark Gable. ''Parnell'' was a historical drama and one of the most poorly received films of either Loy's or Gable's careers, but their other pairings in ''Test Pilot'' and ''Too Hot to Handle'' (both 1938) were successes.

During this period, Loy was one of Hollywood's busiest and highest paid actresses, and in 1937 and 1938 she was listed in the annual "Quigley Poll of the Top Ten Money Making Stars", which was compiled from the votes of movie exhibitors throughout the U.S. for the stars that had generated the most revenue in their theaters over the previous year.

By this time Loy was highly regarded for her performances in romantic comedies and she was anxious to demonstrate her dramatic ability, and was cast in the lead female role in ''The Rains Came'' (1939) opposite Tyrone Power. She filmed ''Third Finger, Left Hand'' (1940) with Melvyn Douglas and appeared in ''I Love You Again'' (1940), ''Love Crazy'' (1941) and ''Shadow of the Thin Man'' (1941), all with William Powell.

With the outbreak of World War II, she all but abandoned her acting career to focus on the war effort and worked closely with the Red Cross. She was so fiercely outspoken against Adolf Hitler that her name appeared on his blacklist. She helped run a Naval Auxiliary Canteen and toured frequently to raise funds.

Later career

She returned to films with ''The Thin Man Goes Home'' (1945). In 1946 she played the wife of returning serviceman Fredric March in ''The Best Years of Our Lives'' (1946). In later years, she considered this her proudest acting achievement. Throughout her career, she championed the rights of black actors and characters to be depicted with dignity on film.

Loy was paired with Cary Grant in David O. Selznick's comedy film ''The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer'' (1947). The film co-starred a teenage Shirley Temple. Following its success she appeared again with Grant in ''Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House'' (1948), and with Clifton Webb in ''Cheaper by the Dozen'' (1950).

Her film career continued sporadically afterwards. In 1960, she appeared in ''Midnight Lace'' and ''From the Terrace'', but was not in another until 1969 in ''The April Fools''. Her last motion picture performance was 1980 in Sidney Lumet's ''Just Tell Me What You Want''. She also returned to the stage, making her Broadway debut in a short-lived 1973 revival of Clare Boothe Luce's ''The Women''.

Personal life

Loy was married and divorced four times:

1936–1942 Arthur Hornblow, Jr., producer

1942–1944 John Hertz Jr. of the Hertz Rent A Car family

1946–1950 Gene Markey, producer and screenwriter

1951–1960 Howland H. Sargeant, UNESCO delegate

Loy had no children of her own, though she was very close to her first husband Arthur Hornblow's children.

There were rumors that Myrna Loy had affairs with : Spencer Tracy during the filming of ''Whipsaw'' in 1935 and ''Libeled Lady'' in 1936. Leslie Howard during the filming of ''The Animal Kingdom'' in 1932.

In later life, she assumed an influential role as Co-Chairman of the Advisory Council of the National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing. In 1948 she became a member of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, the first Hollywood celebrity to do so. She was also an active Democrat.

Her autobiography, ''Myrna Loy: Being and Becoming'', was published in 1987. Loy had two mastectomies in 1975 and 1979 for breast cancer.

On December 14, 1993, she died during surgery in New York City at the age of 88. She was cremated in New York and the ashes interred at Forestvale Cemetery, in Helena, Montana.

Awards

In 1965 she won the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre. She also received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Kennedy Center in 1988.

Although Loy was never nominated for an Academy Award for any single performance, after an extensive letter writing campaign and years of lobbying by screenwriter and then-Writers Guild of America, west board member Michael Russnow, who enlisted the support of Loy's former screen colleagues and friends such as Roddy McDowall, Sidney Sheldon, Harold Russell and many others, she received a 1991 Academy Honorary Award "for her career achievement". She accepted via camera from her New York home, simply stating, "You've made me very happy. Thank you very much." It was her last public appearance in any medium.

Legacy

Myrna Loy has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6685 Hollywood Boulevard. A building at Sony Pictures Studios, formerly MGM Studios, in Culver City is named in her honor. A cast of her handprint and her signature are in the sidewalk in front of Theater 80, on St. Mark's Place in New York City.

In 1991, The Myrna Loy Center for the Performing and Media Arts opened in downtown Helena, Montana, the capital of Montana, not far from Loy's hometown. Located in the historic Lewis and Clark County Jail, it sponsors live performances and alternative films for under-served audiences.

On August 2, 2005, the centenary of Loy's birth, Warner Home Video released the six films from ''The Thin Man'' series, on DVD as a boxed set.

Film and television appearances

References

Bibliography

Andersen, Christopher. ''An Affair to Remember: A Remarkable Love Story of Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy.'' New York: William Morrow and Company Inc., 1997. ISBN 0-688-15311-9.

Kotsilibas-Davis, James and Myrna Loy. ''Myrna Loy: Being and Becoming.'' New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987. ISBN 0-394-55593-7,

Wayne, Jane Ellen. ''The Leading Men of MGM.'' New York: Carrol and Graf, 2005. ISBN 978-0-78671-768-2 .

External links

TCM: Summer Under The Stars - Spotlight

Myrna Loy Center for the Performing and Media Arts website

Photo of "Spiritual" in front of the old Venice High School buildings

Statue of Myrna Loy: "Venice Nymph Emerges as a Real Team Player"

Photographs of Myrna Loy

Category:1905 births Category:1993 deaths Category:20th-century actors Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:Actors from Montana Category:American film actors Category:American memoirists Category:American people of Welsh descent Category:American silent film actors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:California Democrats Category:Deaths from surgical complications Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Montana Democrats Category:People from Broadwater County, Montana

br:Myrna Loy ca:Myrna Loy de:Myrna Loy es:Myrna Loy fr:Myrna Loy it:Myrna Loy la:Myrna Loy ro:Myrna Loy nl:Myrna Loy ja:マーナ・ロイ no:Myrna Loy pl:Myrna Loy pt:Myrna Loy ru:Лой, Мирна sr:Мирна Лој sh:Mirna Loj fi:Myrna Loy sv:Myrna Loy vi:Myrna Loy

name	Leo Kottke
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Leo Kottke
born	September 11, 1945Athens, Georgia
instrument	Guitar
genre	Folk
occupation	Guitarist
years active	1966–present
label	Capitol, Private Music, Oblivion Records
associated acts	Mike Gordon, John Fahey
website	Official website
notable instruments	Gibson, Taylor, Bozo }}

Leo Kottke (born 11 September 1945, Athens, Georgia, U.S.) is an acoustic guitarist. He is widely known for his innovative fingerpicking style, which draws on influences from blues, jazz, and folk music, and his syncopated, polyphonic melodies. Kottke has overcome a series of personal obstacles including partial loss of hearing and a nearly career-ending bout with tendon damage in his right hand to emerge as a widely-recognized master of his instrument.

Focusing primarily on instrumental composition and playing, Kottke also sings sporadically, in an unconventional yet expressive baritone famously self-described as sounding like "geese farts on a muggy day". In concert, Kottke intersperses humorous and often bizarre monologues with vocal and instrumental selections from throughout his career, played solo on his signature 6- and 12-string guitars.

Biography

Early life and career

Born in Athens, Georgia, Kottke moved with his parents so frequently that he was raised in twelve different states. As a youth living in Muskogee, Oklahoma, Kottke was influenced by folk and delta blues music, notably that of Mississippi John Hurt. Kottke learned to play trombone and violin before trying the guitar and developing his own unconventional picking style. A mishap with a firecracker permanently damaged the hearing in his left ear, a condition that would be exacerbated due to exposure to loud noise during firing practice while serving in the United States Navy Reserve, when his other ear also was damaged.

After being discharged from the Naval Reserve due to his partial loss of hearing, Kottke attended St. Cloud State University in central Minnesota but left before completing his studies, choosing instead to hitchhike around the country, busking for a living, before finally settling in the Twin Cities, Minnesota. He arrived at the Scholar Coffeehouse in the Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis area in the autumn of 1966 and soon was a regular performer. There, he recorded his debut album, ''12-String Blues'', which was released on the independent Oblivion record label in 1969. He recorded ''6- and 12-String Guitar'' (also known as the "Armadillo album" after the animal pictured on its cover) for John Fahey's Takoma Records later the same year. It remains one of the works most associated with Kottke and has been re-released many times on various record labels.

Fahey's agent Denny Bruce signed Kottke to Capitol Records and in 1971, Capitol released Kottke's first major label record, ''Mudlark''.

Pressured in the early 1970s to be a folk singer-songwriter rather than an instrumentalist, he recorded with vocals and backing musicians on albums from this period. In 1972 he released ''Greenhouse'', and in 1973, the live ''My Feet Are Smiling'' and ''Ice Water''. These albums showed Kottke moving toward an eclectic mixture of musical genres, including folk, rock, jazz and bluegrass.

Kottke closed out his contract with Capitol with his seventh album, ''Chewing Pine'', in 1975. By then he had also gained an international cult following thanks to his performances at folk festivals. With his 1976 eponymous release, he moved to Chrysalis Records.

Injury and new playing style

In the early 1980s, Kottke began to suffer from painful tendonitis and related nerve damage caused by his vigorous and aggressive picking style (particularly on the 12-string guitar). As a result, he changed his picking style to a classical style, using the flesh of his fingertips and increasingly small amounts of fingernail rather than fingerpicks, and changing the positioning of the right hand to place less stress on the tendons. He also studied more classical and jazz-oriented compositional and playing techniques. He took a long break from recording and performing and simultaneously moved from his relationship with major labels to the smaller Private Music label. Private Music was considered a New Age music label in the Windham Hill style, and Kottke often found his music categorized as such during this period. After 1986's reflective ''A Shout Toward Noon'', he took a brief break from recording before returning with ''Regards from Chuck Pink'' in 1988.

Later career

Kottke released an album annually from 1989 to 1991, following ''My Father's Face'' with ''That's What'' and finally ''Great Big Boy'', which featured a guest appearance from Lyle Lovett. Two years later, Kottke returned with ''Peculiaroso'', which featured production by Rickie Lee Jones. The solo album ''One Guitar, No Vocals'' followed in 1999.

In 2002, Kottke and Mike Gordon (the bassist from the band Phish, which was on an extended hiatus) collaborated on ''Clone'', an album featuring instrumental work and vocals from both musicians. A second album from the pair, ''Sixty Six Steps'', followed in 2005. The duo has toured in support of both albums. In between these two duet albums, Kottke released a solo album, 2004's ''Try and Stop Me''.

Leo Kottke received an honorary Doctorate in Music Performance from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee on May 18, 2008, where he gave the commencement address.

Tunings

Kottke's guitars are often tuned unconventionally; early in his career he heavily used open tuning, while in recent years he has used more traditional settings but often tunes his guitars as many as two full steps below standard tuning.

Orchestral works, re-recordings and other collaborations

In 1976, Kottke collaborated with arranger Jack Nitzsche on the release ''Leo Kottke'' which featured Kottke backed by a small orchestral section on a number of the tracks.

In the later part of his career Kottke has begun reworking and re-recording tunes he wrote and recorded in the early 1970s. For example, 1999's ''One Guitar No Vocals'' offered a new instrumental version of 1974's "Morning Is The Long Way Home", with the countermelody opened up from behind the vocal line, stripped of its original trippy lyrics. Kottke has also combined previously-recorded tunes into new compositions, notably the mini-suite "Bigger Situation", also released on ''One Guitar No Vocals''.

In 1990 Kottke and composer Stephen Paulus created ''Ice Fields'', a work for amplified acoustic guitar and orchestra in a concerto format. ''Ice Fields'' featured five movements, each based on an existing Kottke composition, with orchestral backing and interlude sections. It was premiered by Paulus' Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and has been performed occasionally since but has not been released on record, partly due to the high cost of producing a recording with a full orchestra.

Kottke has also collaborated on his records with his mentor John Fahey, as well as with Chet Atkins, Lyle Lovett, Margo Timmins, Mike Gordon, and Rickie Lee Jones. He has recorded tunes by Tom T. Hall, Johnny Cash, Carla Bley, Fleetwood Mac, The Byrds, Jorma Kaukonen, Kris Kristofferson, Randall Hylton, and many others.

He has toured with other guitarists playing both solo and ensemble pieces; notably he toured as part of the "Guitar Summit" with jazz guitarist Joe Pass, flamenco guitarist Paco Peña, and classical guitarist Pepe Romero. He is also a frequent guest on the radio variety program ''A Prairie Home Companion''.

Discography

Videography

# ''Home & Away'' (1988) # ''Home & Away Revisited'' (2006)

References

External links

Official Leo Kottke website

Unofficial Leo Kottke web site (fan site)

[ All Music biography of Leo Kottke, by Jason Ankeny]

Latest Leo Kottke Concert Reviews and Photos on Concertology

1999 Leo Kottke interview by Anil Prasad

"Kottke and Gordon: Calypso-Brushed Guitars" by David Dye, from NPR's World Cafe November 24, 2005

The Leo Kottke/Procol Harum connection One of several Kottke mentions at www.procolharum.com

Minnesota Public Radio November 9, 2007">Interview on Minnesota Public Radio November 9, 2007

Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:American folk guitarists Category:American blues guitarists Category:Fingerstyle guitarists Category:Slide guitarists Category:St. Cloud State University alumni Category:People from Athens, Georgia Category:People from Muskogee, Oklahoma Category:Musicians from Oklahoma Category:Private Music artists Category:Windham Hill Records artists Category:Acoustic guitarists

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Name	Henry Fonda
Birth date	May 16, 1905
Birth place	Grand Island, Nebraska, U.S.
Death date	August 12, 1982
Death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Birth name	Henry Jaynes Fonda
Death cause	Heart disease
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1935–82
Party	Democratic
Spouse	Margaret Sullavan(m. 1931-32, divorced)Frances Ford Seymour(m. 1936-50, her death)Susan Blanchard(m. 1950-56, divorced)Afdera Franchetti(m. 1957-61, divorced)Shirlee Mae Adams(m. 1965-82, his death)
Children	Jane FondaPeter FondaAmy Fishman
Relatives	Bridget Fonda (granddaughter) }}

Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor.

Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor. He also appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, with Joan Tompkins. He made his Hollywood debut in 1935, and his career gained momentum after his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in ''The Grapes of Wrath'', a 1940 adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel about an Oklahoma family who moved west during the Dust Bowl. Throughout six decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as ''The Ox-Bow Incident'', ''Mister Roberts'' and ''12 Angry Men''. Later, Fonda moved both toward darker epics as Sergio Leone's ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (portraying a villain who kills, among others, a child) and lighter roles in family comedies like ''Yours, Mine and Ours'' with Lucille Ball.

Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity; his family and close friends called him "Hank". In 1999, he was named the sixth Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.

Life and career

Family history and early life

Fonda was born in Grand Island, Nebraska to advertising-printing jobber William Brace Fonda and his wife, Elma Herberta (née Jaynes), in the second year of their marriage. The Fonda family had fled from Northern Italy to the Netherlands in the 16th century, and then to the United States in the 17th century, settling in the town now called Fonda, New York.

Fonda was brought up as a Christian Scientist, though he was baptized an Episcopalian at St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Grand Island, and claimed that "my whole damn family was nice". They were a close family and highly supportive, especially in health matters, as they avoided doctors due to their religion. Fonda was a bashful, short boy who tended to avoid girls, except his sisters, and was a good skater, swimmer, and runner. He worked part-time in his father's print plant and imagined a possible career as a journalist. Later, he worked after school for the phone company. He also enjoyed drawing. Fonda was active in the Boy Scouts of America, Teichmann reports that he reached the rank of Eagle Scout. When he was about 14, his father took him to observe a lynching, from the window of his father's plant, of a young black man accused of rape. This so enraged the young Fonda that a keen social awareness of prejudice was present within him for his entire adult life. By his senior year in high school, he grew suddenly to over six feet but remained a shy teenager. He then attended the University of Minnesota, majoring in journalism, but he did not graduate. He took a job with the Retail Credit Company.

At age 20, Fonda started his acting career at the Omaha Community Playhouse when his mother's friend Dodie Brando (mother of Marlon Brando) recommended that he try-out for a juvenile part in ''You and I'', in which he was cast as Ricky. He was both fascinated by the stage, learning everything from set construction to stage production, and also profoundly embarrassed by his acting ability. When he received the lead in ''Merton of the Movies'', he realized the beauty of acting as a profession, as it allowed him to deflect attention from his own tongue-tied personality and create stage characters relying on someone else's scripted words. Fonda decided to quit his job and go East in 1928 to strike his fortune. He arrived on Cape Cod and had just finished a role at the Cape Playhouse in Dennis, Massachusetts when a friend took him over to Falmouth where he instantly became a valued member of the new University Players, an intercollegiate summer stock company, where he worked with Margaret Sullavan, his future wife, and which would be responsible for a lifelong friendship with James Stewart. He landed his first professional role in the University Players production of ''The Jest'', by Sem Benelli, when Joshua Logan, a young sophomore at Princeton who had been double-cast in the show, gave Fonda the part of Tornaquinci, "an elderly Italian with long, white beard and heavy wig." Also in the cast of ''The Jest'' with Fonda and Logan were Bretaigne Windust, Kent Smith, and Eleanor Phelps.

Early career

The tall (6'1.5") and slim (160 lbs) Fonda headed for New York City, where he was soon joined by Stewart (after Fonda's short marriage to Margaret Sullavan) and the two roommates struggled but honed their skills on Broadway. Fonda appeared in theatrical productions from 1926 to 1934. They fared no better than many Americans in and out of work during the Depression, with sometimes no money even to take the subway. Fonda got the first break going to Hollywood to make his first film appearance in (1935) as the leading man in 20th Century Fox's screen adaptation of ''The Farmer Takes a Wife'', reprising his role from the Broadway production of the same name which gained him critical recognition. Suddenly, Fonda was making $3,000 a week and dining with Hollywood stars like Carole Lombard. Stewart soon followed him to Hollywood, and they roomed together again, in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo. In 1935 Fonda starred in the RKO film ''I Dream Too Much'' with the famous opera star Lily Pons. ''The New York Times'' proclaimed "Henry Fonda, the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles".

Fonda's film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in ''The Trail of the Lonesome Pine'' (1936), the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors. He also starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in ''The Moon's Our Home'', and a short re-kindling of their relationship led to a brief consideration of re-marriage. Sullavan then married Fonda's agent Leland Hayward and Fonda married socialite Frances Ford Seymour, who had little interest in the movies or the theater. Fonda got the nod for the lead role in ''You Only Live Once'' (1937), also costarring Sidney, and directed by Fritz Lang. Fonda's first child Jane Fonda was born on December 21, 1937. A critical success opposite Bette Davis, who had picked Fonda, in the film ''Jezebel'' (1938) was followed by the title role in ''Young Mr. Lincoln'' (1939), his first collaboration with director John Ford and as Frank James in ''Jesse James'' (1939). Another 1939 film was ''Drums Along the Mohawk'', directed by John Ford.

Fonda's successes led Ford to recruit him to play "Tom Joad" in the film version of John Steinbeck's novel ''The Grapes of Wrath'' (1940), but a reluctant Darryl Zanuck, who preferred Tyrone Power, insisted on Fonda's signing a seven-year contract with the studio, Twentieth Century-Fox. Fonda agreed, and was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work in the 1940 film, which many consider to be his finest role, but his friend James Stewart won the Best Actor award for his role in ''The Philadelphia Story''. Second child Peter Fonda was born in 1940. He starred in ''The Return of Frank James'' (1940) with Gene Tierney.

World War II service

Fonda played opposite Barbara Stanwyck in ''The Lady Eve'' (1941), and teamed with Gene Tierney in the successful screwball comedy ''Rings on Her Fingers'' (1942 ) - Tierney was one of Fondas favorite co-stars, they appeared in three films together. He was acclaimed for his role in ''The Ox-Bow Incident'' (1943).

Fonda then enlisted in the Navy to fight in World War II, saying, "I don't want to be in a fake war in a studio." Previously, he and Stewart had helped raise funds for the defense of Britain. Fonda served for three years, initially as a Quartermaster 3rd Class on the destroyer . He was later commissioned as a Lieutenant Junior Grade in Air Combat Intelligence in the Central Pacific and was awarded the Navy Presidential Unit Citation and the Bronze Star.

Post-war career

After the war, Fonda took a break from movies and attended Hollywood parties and enjoyed civilian life. He and Stewart would listen to records and invite Johnny Mercer, Hoagy Carmichael, Dinah Shore, and Nat King Cole over for music, with the latter giving the family piano lessons. Fonda played Wyatt Earp in John Ford's ''My Darling Clementine'' (1946) and appeared in the film ''Fort Apache'' (1948) as a rigid Army colonel, along with John Wayne and Shirley Temple in her first adult role. Fonda did seven post-war films until his contract with Fox expired, the last being Otto Preminger's ''Daisy Kenyon'' (1947), opposite Joan Crawford.

Refusing another long-term studio contract, Fonda returned to Broadway, wearing his own officer's cap to originate the title role in ''Mister Roberts'', a comedy about the Navy, where Fonda, a junior officer, wages a private war against the captain. He won a 1948 Tony Award for the part. Fonda followed that by reprising his performance in the national tour and with successful stage runs in ''Point of No Return'' and ''The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial''. After a few years almost completely absent from films, he starred in the 1955 film version of ''Mister Roberts'' opposite James Cagney, William Powell and Jack Lemmon, continuing a pattern of bringing his acclaimed stage roles to life on the big screen. On the set of ''Mister Roberts'', Fonda came to blows with John Ford, who punched him during filming, and vowed never to work for him again. He never did (though he appeared in Peter Bogdanovich's acclaimed documentary ''"Directed by John Ford"'' and spoke glowingly of Ford therein).

Fonda followed ''Mr. Roberts'' with Paramount Pictures's production of the Leo Tolstoy epic ''War and Peace'', in which he played Pierre Bezukhov opposite Audrey Hepburn, and which took two years to shoot. Fonda worked with Alfred Hitchcock in 1956, playing a man falsely accused of robbery in ''The Wrong Man'', an unusual semi-documentary work of Hitchcock's based on an actual incident and partly filmed on location.

In 1957, Fonda made his first foray into production with ''12 Angry Men'', based on a teleplay and a script by Reginald Rose and directed by Sidney Lumet. The low budget production was completed in only seventeen days of filming mostly in one claustrophobic jury room and had a strong cast including Jack Klugman, Lee J. Cobb, Martin Balsam, and E. G. Marshall. The intense film about twelve jurors deciding the fate of a young Puerto Rican man accused of murder was well-received by critics worldwide. Fonda shared the Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations with co-producer Reginald Rose and won the 1958 BAFTA Award for Best Actor for his performance as "Juror #8", who with logic and persistence eventually sways all the jurors to an acquittal. Early on the film drew poorly, but after winning critical acclaim and awards, it proved a success. In spite of the good outcome, Fonda vowed that he would never produce a movie again, fearing that failing as a producer might derail his acting career. After western movies ''The Tin Star'' (1957) and ''Warlock'' (1959), Fonda returned to the production seat for the NBC western television series ''The Deputy'' (1959–1961), in which he starred as Marshal Simon Fry. His co-stars were Allen Case and Read Morgan. About this time, Fonda's fourth troubled marriage was unraveling.

The 1960s saw Fonda perform in a number of war and western epics, including 1962's ''The Longest Day'' and ''How the West Was Won'', 1965's ''In Harm's Way'' and ''Battle of the Bulge''. In the Cold War suspense film ''Fail-Safe'' (1964), Fonda played the President of the United States who tries to avert a nuclear holocaust through tense negotiations with the Soviets after American bombers are mistakenly ordered to attack the USSR. He also returned to more light-hearted cinema in ''Spencer's Mountain'' (1963), which was the inspiration for the TV series, ''The Waltons''.

Fonda appeared against type as the villain 'Frank' in 1968's ''Once Upon a Time in the West''. After initially turning down the role, he was convinced to accept it by actor Eli Wallach and director Sergio Leone, who flew from Italy to the United States to persuade him to take the part. Fonda had planned on wearing a pair of brown-colored contact lenses, but Leone preferred the paradox of contrasting close-up shots of Fonda's innocent-looking blue eyes with the vicious personality of the character Fonda played.

Fonda's relationship with Jimmy Stewart survived their disagreements over politics — Fonda was a liberal Democrat, and Stewart a conservative Republican. After a heated argument, they avoided talking politics with each other. The two men teamed up for 1968's ''Firecreek'', where Fonda once again played the heavy. In 1970, Fonda and Stewart costarred in the western ''The Cheyenne Social Club'', a minor film in which they humorously argued politics. They had first appeared together on film in ''On Our Merry Way'' (1948), a comedy which also starred William Demarest and Fred MacMurray and featured a grown-up Carl "Alfalfa" Switzer.

Late career

Despite approaching his seventies, Fonda continued to work in both television and film through the 1970s. In 1970, Fonda appeared in three films, the most successful of these ventures being ''The Cheyenne Social Club''. The other two films were ''Too Late the Hero'', in which Fonda played a secondary role, and ''There Was a Crooked Man'', about Paris Pitman Jr. (played by Kirk Douglas) trying to escape from an Arizona prison.

Fonda made a return to both foreign and television productions, which provided career sustenance through a decade in which many aging screen actors suffered waning careers. He starred in the ABC television series ''The Smith Family'' between 1971 and 1972. 1973's TV-movie ''The Red Pony'', an adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel, earned Fonda an Emmy nomination. After the unsuccessful Hollywood melodrama, ''Ash Wednesday'', he filmed three Italian productions released in 1973 and 1974. The most successful of these, ''My Name is Nobody'', presented Fonda in a rare comedic performance as an old gunslinger whose plans to retire are dampened by a "fan" of sorts.

Fonda continued stage acting throughout his last years, including several demanding roles in Broadway plays. He returned to Broadway in 1974 for the biographical drama, ''Clarence Darrow'', for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. Fonda's health had been deteriorating for years, but his first outward symptoms occurred after a performance of the play in April 1974, when he collapsed from exhaustion. After the appearance of a heart arrhythmia brought on by prostate cancer, a pacemaker was installed following surgery and Fonda returned to the play in 1975. After the run of a 1978 play, ''First Monday of October'', he took the advice of his doctors and quit plays, though he continued to star in films and television.

In 1976, Fonda appeared in several notable television productions, the first being ''Collision Course'', the story of the volatile relationship between President Harry Truman (E. G. Marshall) and General MacArthur (Fonda), produced by ABC. After an appearance in the acclaimed Showtime broadcast of ''Almos' a Man'', based on a story by Richard Wright, he starred in the epic NBC miniseries ''Captains and Kings'', based on Taylor Caldwell's novel. Three years later, he appeared in ABC's ''Roots: The Next Generations'', but the miniseries was overshadowed by its predecessor, ''Roots''. Also in 1976, Fonda starred in the World War II blockbuster ''Midway''.

Fonda finished the 1970s in a number of disaster films. The first of these was the 1977 Italian killer octopus thriller ''Tentacoli'' (''Tentacles'') and ''Rollercoaster'', in which Fonda appeared with Richard Widmark and a young Helen Hunt. He performed once again with Widmark, Olivia de Havilland, Fred MacMurray, and José Ferrer in the killer bee action film ''The Swarm''. He also acted in the global disaster film ''Meteor'' (his second role as a sitting President of the United States after ''Fail-Safe''), with Sean Connery, Natalie Wood and Karl Malden, and then the Canadian production ''City on Fire'', which also featured Shelley Winters and Ava Gardner. Fonda had a small role with his son, Peter, in 1979's ''Wanda Nevada'', with Brooke Shields.

As Fonda's health continued to suffer and he took longer breaks between filming, critics began to take notice of his extensive body of work. In 1979, the Tony Awards committee gave Fonda a special award for his achievements on Broadway. Lifetime Achievement awards from the Golden Globes and Academy Awards followed in 1980 and 1981, respectively.

Fonda continued to act into the early 1980s, though all but one of the productions he was featured in before his death were for television. These television works included the critically acclaimed live performance of Preston Jones' ''The Oldest Living Graduate'' and the Emmy nominated ''Gideon's Trumpet'' (co-starring Fay Wray in her last performance).

thumb|left|Fonda won an Academy Award for his work with Katharine Hepburn in ''[[On Golden Pond (1981 film)|On Golden Pond'']]''On Golden Pond'' in 1981, the film adaptation of Ernest Thompson's play, marked one final professional and personal triumph for Fonda. Directed by Mark Rydell, the project provided unprecedented collaborations between Fonda and Katharine Hepburn, along with Fonda and his daughter, Jane. The elder Fonda played an emotionally brittle and distant father who becomes more accessible at the end of his life. Jane Fonda has said that elements of the story mimicked their real-life relationship, and helped them resolve certain issues. She bought the film rights in the hope that her father would play the role, and later described it as "a gift to my father that was so unbelievably successful."

Premiered in December 1981, the film was well received by critics, and after a limited release on December 4 ''On Golden Pond'' developed enough of an audience to be widely released on January 22. With 11 Academy Award nominations, the film earned nearly $120 million at the box office, becoming an unexpected blockbuster. In addition to wins for Hepburn (Best Actress), and Thompson (Screenplay), ''On Golden Pond'' brought Fonda his only Oscar - for Best Actor (he would become the oldest recipient of the award; it also earned him a Golden Globe Best Actor award). Fonda was by that point too ill to attend the ceremony, and his daughter Jane Fonda accepted on his behalf. She said when accepting the award that her dad would probably quip, "Well, ain't I lucky." After Fonda's death, some film critics called this performance "his last and greatest role".

Marriages and children

Fonda was married five times and had three children, one of them being adopted. His marriage to Margaret Sullavan in 1931 soon ended in separation, which was finalized in a 1933 divorce. In 1936, he married Frances Ford Seymour, whom he met at Denham Studios in England on the set of ''Wings of the Morning'', the first British picture to be filmed in technicolor. They had two children, Peter and Jane, both of whom have had Oscar nominations and wins (Jane is a two-time Oscar winner for Best Actress, first in 1971 for ''Klute'' , and second in 1978 for ''Coming Home''). In 1950, Seymour committed suicide. Fonda married Susan Blanchard, the stepdaughter of Oscar Hammerstein II, in 1950. Together, they adopted a daughter, Amy Fishman (born 1953), and divorced three years later. In 1957, Fonda married Italian Countess Afdera Franchetti; they divorced in 1961. Soon after, Fonda married Shirlee Mae Adams, and remained with her until his death in 1982.

Fonda's relationship with his children has been described as "emotionally distant." In Peter Fonda's 1998 autobiography ''Don't Tell Dad'', he described how he was never sure how his father felt about him, and that he did not tell his father he loved him until his father was elderly and he finally heard the words, "I love you, son." His daughter Jane rejected her father's friendships with Republican actors such as John Wayne and James Stewart, and as a result, their relationship was extremely strained.

Jane Fonda also reported feeling detached from her father, especially during her early acting career. Henry Fonda introduced her to Lee Strasberg, who became her acting teacher, and as she developed as an actress using the techniques of "The Method", she found herself frustrated and unable to understand her father's effortless acting style. In the late 1950s, when she asked him how he prepared before going on stage, she was baffled by his answer, "I don’t know, I stand there, I think about my wife, Afdera, I don't know."

Writer Al Aronowitz, while working on a profile of Jane Fonda for ''The Saturday Evening Post'' in the 1960s, asked Henry Fonda about Method acting: "I can't articulate about the Method", he told me, "because I never studied it. I don't mean to suggest that I have any feelings one way or the other about it...I don't know what the Method is and I don’t care what the Method is. Everybody's got a method. Everybody can’t articulate about their method, and I can't, if I have a method—and Jane sometimes says that I use the Method, that is, the capital letter Method, without being aware of it. Maybe I do; it doesn’t matter."

Fonda's daughter shared this view: "My father can't articulate the way he works." Jane said. "He just can't do it. He's not even conscious of what he does, and it made him nervous for me to try to articulate what I was trying to do. And I sensed that immediately, so we did very little talking about it...he said, 'Shut up, I don't want to hear about it.’ He didn’t want me to tell him about it, you know. He wanted to make fun of it."

Fonda himself once admitted in an interview that he felt he wasn't a good father to his children. In the same interview, he explained that he did his best to stay out of the way of Jane and Peter's careers, citing that he felt it was important to them to know that they succeeded because they worked hard and not because they used his fame to achieve their goals.

Death and legacy

Fonda died at his Los Angeles home on August 12, 1982, from heart disease. Fonda's wife Shirlee, his daughter Jane and his son Peter were at his side when he died. He also suffered from prostate cancer, but this did not directly cause his death and was only mentioned as a concurrent ailment on his death certificate.

In the years since his death, Fonda's career has been held in even higher regard than during his life. He is widely recognized as one of the Hollywood greats of the classic era. On the centenary of his birth, May 16, 2005, Turner Classic Movies honored him with a marathon of his films. Also in May 2005, the United States Post Office released a 37-cent postage stamp with an artist's drawing of Fonda as part of their "Hollywood legends" series. Henry Fonda Theater (now called the Music Box) is located at 6126 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

Politics

Fonda was "an admirer" of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1960, Fonda appeared in a campaign commercial for Democratic Presidential candidate John F. Kennedy. The ad focused on Kennedy's naval service during World War II, specifically the famous PT-109 incident.

Filmography

From the beginning of his career in 1935 through his last projects in 1981, Fonda appeared in 106 films, television programs, and shorts. Through the course of his career he appeared in many critically acclaimed films, including such classics as ''12 Angry Men'' and ''The Ox-Bow Incident''. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in 1940's ''The Grapes of Wrath'' and won for his part in 1981's ''On Golden Pond''. Fonda made his mark in westerns (which included his most villainous role as Frank in Once Upon a Time in the West), war films, and made frequent appearances in both television and foreign productions late in his career.

Broadway stage performances

''The Game of Love and Death'' (November 1929 – January 1930)

''I Loved You, Wednesday'' (October – December 1932)

''New Faces of 1934'' (Revue; March – July 1934)

''The Farmer Takes a Wife'' (October 1934 – January 1935)

''Blow Ye Winds'' (September – October 1937)

''Mister Roberts'' (February 1948 – January 1951)

''Point of No Return'' (December 1951 – November 1952)

''The Caine Mutiny'' (January 1954 – January 1955)

''Two for the Seesaw'' (January 1958 – October 1959)

''Silent Night, Lonely Night'' (December 1959 – March 1960)

''Critic's Choice'' (December 1960 – May 1961)

''A Gift of Time'' (February – May 1962)

''Generation'' (October 1965 – June 1966)

''Our Town'' (November – December 1969)

''Clarence Darrow'' (March – April 1974; March 1975)

''First Monday in October'' (October – December 1978)

Awards

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Awards ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Category ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Result |-

Henry Fonda received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1978. |rowspan=4|Academy Awards |1940 |Best Actor |''The Grapes of Wrath'' |Nominated |- |1957 |Best Picture |''12 Angry Men'' |NominatedProducer |- |1981 |Best Actor |''On Golden Pond'' |Won |- |1980 |Honorary Award | |Lifetime Achievement |- |rowspan=2|BAFTA Awards |1958 |Best Actor |''12 Angry Men'' |Won |- |1981 |Best Actor |''On Golden Pond'' |Nominated |- |rowspan="3"|Emmy Awards |- |1973 |Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie |''The Red Pony'' |Nominated |- |1980 |Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie |''Gideon's Trumpet'' |Nominated |- |rowspan="3" |Golden Globes |1958 |Best Motion Picture Actor - Drama |''12 Angry Men'' |Nominated |- |1980 |Cecil B. DeMille Award |Lifetime Achievement |Honorary |- |1982 |Best Motion Picture Actor - Drama |''On Golden Pond'' |Won |- |rowspan="1"|Grammy Awards |1977 |''Best Spoken Word Album |''Great American Documents'' |Won |- |rowspan="3"|Tony Awards |1975 |Best Actor |''Clarence Darrow'' |Nominated |- |1979 |Special Award |Lifetime Achievement |Honorary |- |1948 |Best Actor |''Mister Roberts'' |Won |}

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Retrieved on 2008-07-26 Retrieved on 2008-07-26 Retrieved on 2008-07-26 Retrieved on 2008-07-26

Category:1905 births Category:1982 deaths Category:20th-century actors Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:Actors from Omaha, Nebraska Category:University of Minnesota alumni Category:American Christian Scientists Category:American film actors Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American people of Dutch descent Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Beekeepers Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Foreign Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:California Democrats Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in California Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Nebraska Democrats Category:Recipients of the Bronze Star Medal Category:Spaghetti Western actors Category:Tony Award winners Category:United States Navy officers Category:Vaudeville performers Category:Western (genre) film actors

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birth name	John Uhler Lemmon III
birth date	February 08, 1925
birth place	Newton, Massachusetts, U.S.
death date	June 27, 2001
death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
alma mater	Harvard University
years active	1949–2000
occupation	Actor
spouse	Cynthia Stone (1950–1956; divorced; 1 child)Felicia Farr (1962–2001; his death; 1 child) }}

John Uhler "Jack" Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor and musician. He starred in more than 60 films including ''Some Like It Hot'', ''The Apartment'', ''Mister Roberts'' (for which he won the 1955 Best Supporting Actor Academy Award), ''Days of Wine and Roses'', ''The Great Race'', ''Irma la Douce'', ''The Odd Couple'', ''Save the Tiger'' (for which he won the 1973 Best Actor Academy Award), ''The Out-of-Towners'', ''The China Syndrome'', ''Missing'' (for which he won 'Best Actor' at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival), ''Glengarry Glen Ross'', ''Grumpy Old Men'' and ''Grumpier Old Men''.

Early life

Lemmon was born in an elevator at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. He was the only child of Mildred Burgess LaRue (née Noel) and John Uhler Lemmon, Jr., who was the president of a doughnut company. Lemmon attended John Ward Elementary School in Newton and The Rivers School in Weston, Massachusetts. He later revealed that he knew he wanted to be an actor from the age of eight. Lemmon attended Phillips Academy (Class of 1943) and Harvard University (Class of 1947) where he lived in Adams House and was an active member of several Drama Clubs - becoming president of the Hasty Pudding Club - as well as a member of the Delphic Club for Gentleman, a final club at Harvard. After Harvard, Lemmon joined the Navy, receiving V-12 training and serving as an ensign. On being discharged, he took up acting professionally, working on radio, television and Broadway. He studied acting under Uta Hagen. He also became enamored of the piano and learned to play it on his own. He could also play the harmonica, organ, and the double bass.

Career

Lemmon's film debut was a bit part as a plasterer/painter in the 1949 film ''The Lady Takes a Sailor'' but he was not noticed until his official debut opposite Judy Holliday in the 1954 comedy ''It Should Happen to You''. Lemmon worked with many legendary leading ladies, among them Marilyn Monroe, Natalie Wood, Betty Grable, Janet Leigh, Shirley MacLaine, Romy Schneider, Doris Day, Kim Novak, Judy Holliday, Rita Hayworth, June Allyson, Virna Lisi, Ann Margret, Sophia Loren and many more. He was also close friends with Tony Curtis, Ernie Kovacs, Walter Matthau and Kevin Spacey. He made two films with Curtis, three films with Kovacs (''Operation Mad Ball'', ''Bell, Book, and Candle'', and ''It Happened to Jane''), and eleven with Matthau.

Early in Lemmon's career, Lemmon met Ernie Kovacs during the filming of ''Operation Mad Ball'' and co-starred with the comedian in this film. Lemmon and Kovacs became close friends and appeared together in two subsequent films - ''Bell, Book, and Candle''. and ''It Happened to Jane'' In 1977 PBS broadcast a compilation series of Kovacs' television work, and Lemmon served as the narrator of the series. Lemmon discussed his friendship with Kovacs in the documentary, ''Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius''.

He became a favorite actor of director Billy Wilder, starring in his films ''Some Like It Hot'', ''The Apartment'', ''Irma la Douce'', ''The Fortune Cookie'', ''Avanti!'', ''The Front Page'' and ''Buddy Buddy''. Wilder felt Lemmon had a natural tendency toward overacting that had to be tempered; the Wilder biography ''Nobody's Perfect'' quotes the director as saying, "Lemmon, I would describe him as a ham, a fine ham, and with ham you have to trim a little fat". The biography also quotes Jack Lemmon as saying, "I am particularly susceptible to the parts I play... If my character was having a nervous breakdown, I started to have one".

He also had a longtime working relationship with director Blake Edwards, starring in ''My Sister Eileen'' (1955), ''Days of Wine and Roses'' (1962), ''The Great Race'' (1965) and ''That's Life!'' (1986).

Lemmon recorded an album in 1958 while filming ''Some Like It Hot'' with Marilyn Monroe. Twelve jazz tracks were created for Lemmon and another twelve were added. Lemmon played the piano and recorded his own versions of Monroe's trademark songs, ''I Wanna Be Loved By You'' and ''I'm Through With Love'', for the album which was released in 1959 as ''A Twist of Lemmon/Some Like It Hot''.

Lemmon was awarded the Best Supporting Actor Oscar in 1956 for ''Mister Roberts'' (1955) and the Best Actor Oscar for ''Save the Tiger'' (1973), becoming the first actor to achieve this double. He was also nominated for a Best Actor Oscar for his role in the controversial film ''Missing'' in 1982 and for his roles in ''Some Like it Hot'' (1959), ''The Apartment'' (1960), ''Days of Wine and Roses'' (1962), ''The China Syndrome '' (1979), and ''Tribute'' (1980). In 1988, the American Film Institute gave him its Lifetime Achievement Award.

''Days of Wine and Roses'' (1962) was one of his favorite roles. He portrayed Joe Clay, a young, fun-loving alcoholic businessman. In that film, Lemmon delivered the line, "My name is Joe Clay ... I'm an alcoholic." Three and a half decades later, he admitted on the television program, ''Inside the Actors Studio'', that he was not acting when he delivered that line, that he really was a recovering alcoholic at the end of his life.

Lemmon's production company JML produced ''Cool Hand Luke'' in 1967. Paul Newman was grateful to Lemmon for his support and offered him the role later made famous by Robert Redford in ''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'' but Lemmon turned it down. He did not like riding horses and he also felt he'd already played too many aspects of the Sundance Kid's character before.

Lemmon often appeared in films partnered with Walter Matthau. Among their pairings was 1968's ''The Odd Couple'', as Felix Ungar (Lemmon) and Oscar Madison (Matthau). They also starred together in ''The Fortune Cookie'' (for which Matthau won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor), ''The Front Page'' and ''Buddy Buddy''. In 1971, Lemmon directed Matthau in the comedy ''Kotch''. It was the only movie that Lemmon ever directed and Matthau was nominated for the Best Actor Oscar for his performance.

Additionally, Lemmon and Matthau had small parts in Oliver Stone's 1991 film, ''JFK'' (the only film in which both appeared without sharing screen time). In 1993, the duo teamed up again to star in ''Grumpy Old Men''. The film was a surprise hit, earning the two actors a new generation of young fans. During the rest of the decade, they would go on to star together in ''Out to Sea'', ''Grumpier Old Men'' and the widely panned ''The Odd Couple II''.

Lemmon starred in ''Some Like it Hot'', for which he was awarded Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1982, he won another Cannes award for his performance in ''Missing'' (which received the Palme d'Or).

At the 1998 Golden Globe Awards, he was nominated for "Best Actor in a Made for TV Movie" for his role in ''Twelve Angry Men'' losing to Ving Rhames. After accepting the award, Rhames asked Lemmon to come on stage and, in a move that stunned the audience, gave his award to him. (The Hollywood Foreign Press Association, which presents the Golden Globes, decided to have a second award made and sent to Rhames.).

He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1988.

Personal life

Kevin Spacey recalled that Lemmon is remembered as always making time for other people. When already regarded as a legend, he met the teenage Spacey backstage after a theater performance and spoke to him about pursuing an acting career. Spacey would later work with Lemmon in ''Dad'' (1989), the critically acclaimed film ''Glengarry Glen Ross'' (1992) and on stage in a revival of ''Long Day's Journey Into Night''. Lemmon's performance also inspired Gil Gunderson, a character on The Simpsons that is modeled on Lemmon's.

Lemmon was married twice. His son Chris Lemmon (b. 1954), was his first child by his first wife, actress Cynthia Stone (b. February 26, 1926, Peoria, Illinois, d. December 26, 1988). His second wife was the actress Felicia Farr, with whom he had a daughter, Courtney (b.1966).

Lemmon admitted that he was an alcoholic in the late 1960s. (Source: Los Angeles Tomes Obituary.)

Felicia Farr had another daughter from a previous relationship (her marriage to Lee Farr) called Denise, who would become Lemmon's stepdaughter.

Death

Jack Lemmon died of colon cancer and metastatic cancer of the bladder on June 27, 2001. He had been fighting the disease, very privately, for two years before his death. He was interred at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Westwood, California where he is buried near his friend and co-star, Walter Matthau, who died almost exactly one year before Lemmon. In typical Jack Lemmon wit, his gravestone simply reads "JACK LEMMON in". After Matthau's death in 2000, Lemmon appeared with friends and relatives of the actor on a ''Larry King Live'' show in tribute. A year later, many of the same people appeared on the show again to pay tribute to Lemmon.

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1949	''''	Plasterer	Uncredited
1954	''It Should Happen to You''	Pete Sheppard
1954	''Phffft!''	Robert Tracey
1955	''Three for the Show''	Martin 'Marty' Stewart
1955		Ens. Frank Thurlowe Pulver	Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
1955		Robert 'Bob' Baker
1955	''Hollywood Bronc Busters''	Himself
1956	''You Can't Run Away from It''	Peter Warne
1957		Tony
1957	''Operation Mad Ball''	Pvt. Hogan
1958		Frank Harris
1958		Nicky Holroyd
1959	''Some Like It Hot''	Jerry - 'Daphne'	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleGolden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
1959	''It Happened to Jane''	George Denham
1960	''''	C.C. Baxter	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleGolden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
1960	''Stowaway in the Sky''	Narrator	voice
1960		Himself	Cameo appearance as Daphne
1960	''''	Lt. Rip Crandall
1962	''''	William 'Bill' Gridley
1962		Joe Clay	San Sebastián International Film Festival Award for Best ActorNominated — Academy Award for Best ActorNominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
1963	''Irma la Douce''	Nestor Patou / Lord X	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1963	''Under the Yum Yum Tree''	Hogan	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1964	''Good Neighbor Sam''	Sam Bissel	Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
1965	''How to Murder Your Wife''	Stanley Ford	Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
1965	''''	Professor Fate / Prince Hapnick	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1966	''''	Harry Hinkle
1967		Harry Berlin
1968	''There Comes a Day''
1968	''''	Felix Ungar	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1969	''''	Howard Brubaker
1970	''''	George Kellerman	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1971	''Kotch''	Sleeping bus passenger	uncredited
1972	''''	Peter Edward Wilson
1972	''Avanti!''	Wendell Armbruster, Jr.	Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1973	''Save the Tiger''	Harry Stoner	Academy Award for Best ActorNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
1974	''''	Narrator	voice
1974	''''	Hildy Johnson	David di Donatello for Best Actor Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1975	''Wednesday''	Jerry Murphy
1975	''''	Narrator
1975	''''	Mel Edison
1976	''Alex & the Gypsy''	Alexander Main
1977	''Airport '77''	Capt. Don Gallagher
1979	''''	Jack Godell	Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)David di Donatello for Best Actor BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleNominated — Academy Award for Best ActorNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
1980		Scottie Templeton
1981	''Buddy Buddy''	Victor Clooney
1982		Ed Horman	Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)Nominated — Academy Award for Best ActorNominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
1984		Father Tim Farley
1985		Robert Traven
1986		Harvey Fairchild	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1989		Jake Tremont	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
1991		Jack Martin
1992	''Beyond 'JFK': The Question of Conspiracy''	Himself	also archive footage
1992	''''	Himself
1992		Shelley Levene
1993	''Luck, Trust & Ketchup: Robert Altman In Carver County''	Himself
1993	''Short Cuts''	Paul Finnigan	Golden Globe Award for Best Ensemble CastVolpi Cup
1993		John Gustafson	Nominated — American Comedy Award for Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture
1995	''''	Dr. Morris Ritz
1995	''Grumpier Old Men''	John Gustafson
1996		Max Mueller / Karl Luger
1996	''My Fellow Americans''	President Russell P. Kramer
1996		Marcellus
1997	''Out to Sea''	Herb Sullivan
1997	''Off the Menu: The Last Days of Chasen's''	Himself
1998	''Puppies for Sale''	Pet Shop Owner
1998	''''	Felix Ungar
2000	''''	Narrator / Old Hardy Greaves	uncredited

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1949–50	''That Wonderful Guy''	Harold
1950	''Toni Twin Time''	Host	Episode dated May 31, 1950
1951	''''	Celebrity Panelist	Ended after 5 episodes
1951–52	''''	Newlywed	in 'The Couple Next Door' sketches
1952	''Heaven for Betsy''	Pete Bell	September 30, 1952 to December 23, 1952
1954	''''	Surgeon	cancelled after a few weeks
1956	''''	John Wilkes Booth	February 11, 1956
1957	''What's My Line?''	Mystery Guest	November 3, 1957 Episode # 388, Season 9, Ep 10
1957–58	''Alcoa Theatre''	Henry CoyleSteve TylerWally MallLieutenant Tony CrawfordEdward King	Episode: "Disappearance"Episode: "Most Likely to Succeed"Episode: "Loudmouth"Episode: "The Days of November"Episode: "Souvenir"
1976	''''	Archie Rice
1987	''Long Day's Journey Into Night''	James Tyrone Sr.	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
1988	''''	Gov. John Slaton	Nominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a MovieNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
1992	''For Richer, for Poorer''	Aram Katourian
1993	''''	Robert	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
1994	''Wild West''	host
1996	''''	Bud Bailey
1997	''''	Frank Ormand	Voice role; Episode: "The Twisted World of Marge Simpson"
1997		Juror #8	Nominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a MovieNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television FilmNominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
1998	''''	Thomas Gerrin
1999		Henry Drummond	Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television FilmNominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a Movie
1999		Morrie Schwartz	Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a MovieScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television MovieNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film

Discography

''A Twist of Lemmon/Some Like It Hot'' (1959)

Piano Selections from ''Irma La Douce'' (1963)

Piano and Vocals (1990)

''Peter and the Wolf'' (1991)

Songs and music from'' Some Like It Hot'' (2001)

Bibliography

References

External links

"The Films of Jack Lemmon", compilation of movie clips, 4 minutes

Actor Jack Lemmon dead at 76

Jack Lemmon at the Archive of American Television

Obituary in the Los Angeles Times

Category:1925 births Category:2001 deaths Category:20th-century actors Category:Actors from Massachusetts Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American people of Scottish descent Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Foreign Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners Category:Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery Category:Cancer deaths in California Category:Deaths from bladder cancer Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Epic Records artists Category:Genie Award winners for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor Category:Harvard University alumni Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People from Newton, Massachusetts Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Phillips Academy alumni Category:People from Malibu, California Category:United States Navy officers

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