Native name	Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика
Conventional long name	Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Common name	Russia
Continent	Eurasia
Anthem	Internationale (1922–1943)National Anthem of the Soviet Union (1944–1990)Patriotic Song (1990–1993)
Government type	Democratic Soviet socialist republic
Year start	1917
Year end	1991
P1	Russian Republic
Flag p1	Flag of Russia.svg
S1	Russia
Flag s1	Flag of Russia 1991-1993.svg
Flag	Flag of the RSFSR
Leader1	Lev Kamenev (Chairman of the VTsIK)
Year leader1	1917
Title leader	Head of state
Leader2	Boris Yeltsin (President)
Year leader2	1991—1999
Image coat	COA Russian SFSR.svg
Symbol	Coat of arms of the Russian SFSR
Map caption	Post WWII map after 1954
Capital	Petrograd (1917–1918)Moscow (since March 1918)
Common language	Russian (since 1937, as official language in the courts)
Lang-iso	ru
Legislature	*VTsIK and All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1917—1938) Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (1938—1990) Supreme Soviet and Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR (Federation) (1990—1993)
Established	November 7, 1917
Ussr-start	December 30, 1922
Ussr-end	December 26, 1991
Area-rank	1st
Area	17,075,200
Water	13%
Pop-rank	1st
Pop	147,386,000
Density	8.6
Time-zone	+ 2 to + 11 (modern Russia is + 3 to + 12)
Medals	----
Footnotes	On 19 January 1918, there was a brief existence of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic, but actual sovereignty was still in the hands of the Soviets even after the Russian Constituent Assembly opened its first and the last session.}}

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (), commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union.

The Soviet regime, governed by the Bolsheviks, first came to power on 7 November 1917—immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wouldn't be recognized by neighboring countries for five months.

On 25 January 1918—at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets—the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On 3 March 1918 the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On 10 July 1918 the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

The RSFSR was recognized as an independent state internationally by only Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania, in the Treaty of Tartu in 1920.

On 30 December 1922—with the creation of the Soviet Union—Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic—the final name of the Soviet era for the republic—was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936.

On 25 December 1991—following the collapse of the Soviet Union—it was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day.

The Republic comprised 16 autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, 10 autonomous okrugs, six krais, and 40 oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group.

The RSFSR economy was heavily industrialized. The RSFSR accounted for about two-thirds of the electricity production in the USSR. It was the third largest producer of oil, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia.

In 1974 there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. Health care was provided through a network of territorially organized public health services.

Geography

The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the People's Democratic Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.

Roughly 70 percent of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including oil, natural gas, and iron ore.

History

Early years (1917–20)

The Soviet regime first came to power on 7 November 1917—immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution—although the state it governed—which did not have an official name— would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.

On 25 January 1918—at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets—the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On 3 March 1918 the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On 10 July 1918 the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

The RSFSR was recognized as an independent state internationally by only Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania, in the Treaty of Tartu in 1920.

1920s

On 30 December 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution, adopted on 31 January 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR.

The third article of the 1925 Constitution of the RSFSR states the following:

According to a quotation will of the peoples of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, have decided to Tenth All-Russian Congress of Soviets on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the transmit powers of the Union, classified in accordance with Article 1 of the Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the purview of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1930s

Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga, Central Black Soil Region, North Caucasus, the Urals, the Crimea, part of Western Siberia, and the Kazakh ASSR.

With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on 5 December 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh SSR and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic. The Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.

The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

1940s

On 17 April 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast—the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR.

1950s

Nikita Khrushchev transferred Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954.

The Karelo-Finnish SSR was transferred back to the RSFSR as the Karelian ASSR in 1956.

Early 1990s

On 29 May 1990, on his third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was elected the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.

On 12 June 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.

On 17 March 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On 12 June, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote.

During an unsuccessful coup attempt on 19–21 August 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev. On 23 August, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On 6 November, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.

On 8 December 1991 at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical realities. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (the Russian parliament ratified the document by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against, 7 abstentions). On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The legality of this act is the subject of formal discussions because, by the 1978 Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR, the Russian SFSR had no right to do so.

On 24 December the President of the Russian Federation informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original member of the UN (since 24 October 1945) along with Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) and Belarus (Byelorussian SSR).

On 25 December the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation, and remains so to this day. The change was originally published on 6 January 1992 (''Rossiyskaya Gazeta''). According to law, during 1992, it was allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals and stamps).

The name "Russian Federation" has been also used in Soviet times.

Government

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs) within the Russian SFSR

Turkestan ASSR – Formed on 30 April 1918, on the territory of the former Turkestan General-Governorate. As part of the delimitation programme of Soviet Central Asia, the Turkestan ASSR along with the Khorezm SSR and the Bukharan PSR were disbanded on 27 October 1924, and in their place came the Union republics of Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR. The latter contained the Tajik ASSR until December 1929 when it too became a full Union republic, the Tajik SSR. The RSFSR retained the newly formed Kara-Kirghiz and the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblasts. The latter was part of the Kirgiz, then the Kazak ASSR until 1930, when it was directly subordinated to Moscow.

Bashkir ASSR – Formed on 23 March 1919 from several northern districts of the Orenburg Guberniya populated by Bashkirs. 11 October 1990 declares its sovereignty, as Bashkir SSR, which is renamed in 1992 as the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Tatar ASSR – Formed on 27 May 1920 on the territory of the western two thirds of the Kazan Governorate populated by Tatars. On 30 October 1990, declared sovereignty as the Republic of Tatarstan and on 18 October 1991 – independence. The Russian constitutional court overturned the declaration on 13 March 1992. On February 1994 a separate agreement was reached with Moscow on the status of Tatarstan as an associate state in Russia with confederate status.

Kirgiz ASSR Formed on 26 August 1920, from the Ural, Turgay, Semipalatinsk Oblasts, and parts of Transcaspia, Bukey Horde and Orenburg Guberniya populated by Kirgiz-Kaysaks (former name of Kazakh people). Further enlarged in 1921 upon gaining land from Omsk Guberniya and again in 1924 from parts of Jetysui Guberniya and Syr Darya and Samarkand Oblasts. On 19 April 1925 renamed as the ''Kazak ASSR'' (see below)

Mountain ASSR Formed on 20 January 1921, after the Bolshevik Red Army evicted the short-lived Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. Initially composed of several national districts, one-by-one these left the republic until 7 November 1924, when the remains of the republic was partitioned into the Ingush Autonomous Oblast, the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and the Sunzha Cossack district (all subordinates to the North Caucasus Kray).

Dagestan ASSR – Formed on 20 January 1921, from the former Dagestan Oblast. On 17 September 1991, declares sovereignty as the ''Dagestan SSR'' and from 17 December 1991 the Republic of Dagestan.

Crimean ASSR Formed on 18 October 1921, on the territory of Crimean peninsula, following the Red Army's eviction of Baron Wrangel's army, ending the Russian Civil War in Europe. On 18 May 1944 disbanded following the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, and transformed into the ''Crimean Oblast''. On 19 February 1954, transferred to the Ukrainian SSR. Re-established on 12 February 1991, and on 4 September of that year declared sovereignty. On 5 May 1992 – declared independence as the ''Republic of Crimea'', on 13 May the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine overturned the declaration, but compromised on an Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which exists to this day.

Yakut ASSR – Formed on 16 February 1922 upon the elevation of the Yakut Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. On 27 September 1990, declared sovereignty as the ''Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic''. From 21 December 1991 – the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya).

Buryat ASSR – Formed on 30 March 1923 as due to merger of the Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast of the RSFSR and the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast of the Far Eastern Republic. Until 7 July 1958 – ''Mongol-Buryat ASSR''. 27 March 1991 – Republic of Buryatia.

Karelian ASSR – Formed on 23 July 1923 when the Karelian Labour Commune was integrated into the RSFSR administrative structure. On 31 March 1940, elevated into a full Union republic as the Karelo-Finnish SSR. On 16 July 1956, downgraded back into an ASSR, and re-subordinated to RSFSR. Declared sovereignty on 13 October 1991, as the Republic of Karelia.

Volga German ASSR – Formed on 19 December 1924, upon elevation of the Volga German Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. On 28 August 1941, upon the deportation of Volga Germans to Kazakhstan, the ASSR was disbanded. The territory was partitioned between the Saratov and Stalingrad Oblasts.

Kazak ASSR Formed on 19 April 1925, when the first Kirgiz ASSR was renamed and partitioned. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 25 October 1990 declares sovereignty and on 16 December 1991 – independence as the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Chuvash ASSR – Formed on 21 April 1925 upon the elevation of the Chuvash Autonomous Olbast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26 October 1990 as the ''Chuvash SSR''. From 13 February 1992 – Chuvash Republic.

Kirghiz ASSR Formed on 1 February 1926, upon elevation of the Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 12 December 1990 declares sovereignty as the Republic of Kyrgyztan and on 31 August 1991 independence.

Kara-Kalpak ASSR – Formed on 20 March 1932, upon elevation of the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast into the ''Kara-Kalpak ASSR'', from 5 December 1936, part of the Uzbek SSR. In 1964 renamed as the ''Karakalpak ASSR''. Declared sovereignty on 14 December 1990, and from 9 January 1992 as the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Mordovian ASSR – Formed on 20 December 1934 upon the elevation of the Mordovian Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 13 December 1990 as the ''Mordovian SSR''. From 25 January 1991 – Republic of Mordovia.

Udmurt ASSR – Formed on 28 December 1934 upon the elevation of the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 20 September 1990. From 11 October 1991 – Udmurt Republic.

Kalmyk ASSR – Formed on 20 October 1935, upon the elevation of the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. On 27 December 1943, upon the deporation of the Kalmyks the ASSR was disbanded and split between the newly-established Astrakhan Oblast and parts adjoined to the Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Kray and Stavropol Kray. On 9 January 1957, the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was re-established in present borders, first as part of Stavropol Kray and from 19 July 1958 – the Kalmyk ASSR. On 18 October 1990 declared sovereignty as the ''Kamlmyk SSR'' and from 20 October 1992, as the Republic of Kalmykiya.

Kabardino-Balkar ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, upon the departure of the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast from the North Caucasus Kray. After the deportation of the Balkars on 8 April 1944, the republic is renamed as ''Kabardin ASSR'' and parts of its territory transferred to Georgian SSR, upon the return of the Balkars, the KBASSR is re-instated on 9 January 1957. On 31 January 1991, the republic declares sovereignty as the Kabardino-Balkar SSR, and from 10 March 1992 – Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

Northern Ossetian ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, upon the disbandment of the North Caucasus Kray, and its constituent North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was raised into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26 December 1990 as the ''North Ossetian SSR''. From 9 November 1993 – ''Republic of North Ossetia'', from 10 November 1994 – Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Chechen-Ingush ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, when the North Caucausus Kray was disestablished and its constituent Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR and subordinated to Mosocow. Following the en masse deportation of the Chechens and Ingush, on 7 March 1944, the ChIASSR was disbanded, and the Grozny Okrug was temporarily administered by Stavropol Kray until the 22 March, when the territory was portioned between North Ossetian and Dagestan ASSRs, and the Georgian SSR. The remaining land was merged with Stavropol Krays Kizlyar district and organised as Grozny Oblast, which existed until 9 January 1957, when the ChIASSR was re-established, though only the southern border's original shape was retained. Declared sovereignty on 27 November 1990 as the Chechen-Ingush Republic. On 8 June 1991, the 2nd Chechen National Congress proclaimed a separate ''Chechen-Republic (Noxchi-Cho)'', and on 6 September, began a coup which overthrew the Soviet local government. De facto, all authority passed to the self-proclaimed government which was renamed as the ''Chechen Republic of Ichkeria'' in early 1993. In response, the western Ingush districts after a referendum on 28 November 1991, were organised into an ''Ingush Republic'' which was officially established on 4 June 1992, by decree of Russian President as the Republic of Ingushetia. The same decree de jure created a ''Chechen republic'', although it would be established only on 3 June 1994 and carry out partial governance during the First Chechen War. The Khasavyurt Accord would again suspend the government on 15 November 1996. The present Chechen Republic government was re-established on 15 October 1999.

Komi ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the Komi (Zyryan) Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 23 November 1990 as the ''Komi SSR''. From 26 May 1992 – the Republic of Komi.

Mari ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the Mari Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared Sovereignty on 22 December 1990 as the ''Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (Mari El)''. From 8 July 1992 – the Mari El Republic.

Tuva ASSR – Formed on 10 October 1961 when the Tuva Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR. On 12 December 1990 declared sovereignty as the ''Soviet Republic of Tyva''. From 20 November 1993 – Republic of Tyva.

Gorno Altay ASSR – Formed on 25 October 1990, when the Gorno Altay Autonomous Oblast declared sovereignty, from 3 July 1991 – ''Gorno Altay SSR'', from May 1992 ''Gorno Altay Republic'', and from 12 December 1993 Republic of Altay.

Karachayevo-Cherkessian ASSR – Formed on 17 November 1990, when the Karachayevo-Cherkessian Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR and, instead of Stavropol Kray, subordinated directly to Moscow. Declared sovereignty on 3 July 1991 as the ''Karachayevo-Cherkessian SSR''. From January 1993 – Karachayevo-Cherkessian Republic.

References

External links

Full Texts and All Laws Amending Constitutions of the Russian SFSR

''Russian Federation; The Whole Republic a Construction Site'' by D.S. Polyanski

Full 1918 RSFSR Constitution

Category:Communism in Russia Category:Former Slavic countries Category:History of Russia Category:Russian-speaking countries and territories Category:20th century in Russia Category:States and territories established in 1917

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Name	Andrei Chikatilo
Birthname	Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo
Alias	The Butcher of RostovThe Red RipperThe Rostov Ripper
Birth date	October 16, 1936
Birth place	Yablochnoye, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine)
Death date	February 14, 1994
Death place	Novocherkassk, Russia
Cause	Executed (Gunshot to the head)
Victims	53 confirmed, 56 + claimed
Country	Soviet Union
Beginyear	December 22, 1978
Endyear	November 6, 1990
Apprehended	November 20, 1990
Conviction	Murder
Sentence	Death }}

Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo (, , ''Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo''; October 16, 1936 – February 14, 1994) was a Ukrainian-born Soviet serial killer, nicknamed the Butcher of Rostov, The Red Ripper or The Rostov Ripper who committed the murders of a minimum of 52 women and children between 1978 and 1990. He was convicted of 52 murders in October 1992 (although he did confess to a total of 56 murders and was tried for 53 of these killings) and was subsequently executed for the murders for which he was convicted in February, 1994.

Chikatilo was known by such titles as ''The Rostov Ripper'' and the ''Butcher of Rostov'' because the majority of his murders were committed in the Rostov Oblast of the Russian SFSR.

Biography

Early life

Andrei Chikatilo was born in the village of Yablochnoye (Yabluchne) in modern Sumy Oblast of the Ukrainian SSR. He was born soon after the famine in Ukraine caused by Joseph Stalin's forced collectivisation of agriculture. Ukrainian farmers were forced to hand in their entire crop for statewide distribution. Mass starvation ran rampant throughout Ukraine, and reports of cannibalism soared. Chikatilo's mother, Anna, told him that his older brother Stepan had been kidnapped and cannibalized by starving neighbors, although it has never been independently established whether this actually happened.

Chikatilo's parents were both farm labourers who lived in a one-room hut. As a child, Chikatilo slept on a single bed with his parents. He was a chronic bed wetter and was berated and beaten by his mother for each offense.

When the Soviet Union entered World War II, his father, Roman, was drafted into the Red Army and subsequently taken prisoner after being wounded in combat. During the war, Chikatilo witnessed some of the effects of Blitzkrieg, which both frightened and excited him. On one occasion, Chikatilo and his mother were forced to watch their hut burn to the ground. In 1943, while Chikatilo's father was at the front, his mother gave birth to a baby girl, Tatyana. In 1949, Chikatilo's father, who had been liberated by the Americans, returned home. Instead of being rewarded for his war service, he was branded a traitor for surrendering to the Germans.

Shy and studious as a child, Chikatilo developed a passion for reading: by his teens he was an avid reader of Communist literature and was appointed chairman of the pupils' Communist committee at his school. Throughout his childhood and adolescence, he was consistently a target for bullying by his peers.

During adolescence, he discovered that he suffered from chronic impotence, worsening his social awkwardness and self-hatred. Chikatilo was shy in the company of females: his only sexual experience as a teenager was when he, aged 17, jumped on an 11-year-old friend of his younger sister and wrestled her to the ground, ejaculating as the girl struggled in his grasp.

In 1953, Chikatilo finished school and applied for a scholarship at the Moscow State University; although he passed the entrance examination, his grades were not good enough for acceptance. Between 1957 and 1960, Chikatilo performed his compulsory military service.

Marriage and teaching career

In 1963, Chikatilo married a woman to whom he was introduced by his younger sister. The couple had a son and daughter. Chikatilo later claimed that his marital sex life was minimal and that, after his wife understood that he was unable to maintain an erection, he and his wife agreed that in order that she could conceive, he would ejaculate externally and push his semen inside her vagina with his fingers. In 1965, their daughter Ludmila was born, followed by son Yuri in 1969. In 1971, Chikatilo completed a correspondence course in Russian literature and obtained his degree in the subject from Rostov University.

Chikatilo began his career as a teacher of Russian language and literature in Novoshakhtinsk. His career as a teacher ended in March 1981 after several complaints of child molestation against pupils of both sexes. Chikatilo eventually took a job as a supply clerk for a factory.

Beginning of the murders

In September 1978, Chikatilo moved to Shakhty, a small coal mining town near Rostov-on-Don, where he committed his first documented murder. On December 22, he lured a 9-year-old girl named Yelena Zakotnova to an old house which he had secretly purchased; he attempted to rape her, but failed to achieve an erection. When the girl struggled, he choked her to death and stabbed her body, ejaculating in the process of knifing the child. Chikatilo then dumped Zakotnova's body in a nearby river. Despite evidence linking Chikatilo to the girl's death (spots of the girl's blood were found in the snow near Chikatilo's house and a witness had given police a detailed description of a man closely resembling Chikatilo who she had seen talking with Zakotnova at the bus stop where the girl was last seen alive), a 25-year-old named Alexsandr Kravchenko who, as a teenager, had served a jail sentence for the rape and murder of a teenage girl, was arrested for the crime and subsequently confessed to the killing. He was tried for the murder in 1979. At his trial, Kravchenko retracted his confession and maintained his innocence, stating his confession had been obtained under extreme duress. Despite his retraction, he was convicted of the murder and sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment (the maximum possible length of imprisonment at that time). Under pressure from the victim's relatives, Kravchenko was retried and eventually executed for the murder of Lena Zakotnova in July, 1983.

Following Zakotnova's murder, Chikatilo was only able to achieve sexual arousal and orgasm through stabbing and slashing women and children to death, and he later stated the urge to relive the experience overwhelmed him.

Chikatilo committed his next murder in September 1981, when he tried to have sex with a 17-year-old boarding school student named Larisa Tkachenko in a forest near the Don river. When Chikatilo failed to achieve an erection, he became furious and battered and strangled her to death. As he had no knife, he mutilated her body with his teeth and a stick. On June 12, 1982, Chikatilo encountered a 13-year-old girl named Lyubov Biryuk walking home from a shopping trip in the village of Donskoi. Once the path both were taking together was shielded from the view of potential witnesses by bushes, Chikatilo pounced upon Biryuk, dragged her into nearby undergrowth, tore off her blue floral dress and killed her by stabbing and slashing her to death.

Following Biryuk's murder, Chikatilo no longer attempted to resist his homicidal urges: between July and December, 1982, he killed a further six victims between the ages of nine and nineteen. He established a pattern of approaching children, runaways and young vagrants at bus or railway stations, enticing them to a nearby forest or other secluded area and killing them, usually by stabbing, slashing and eviscerating the victim with a knife; although some victims, in addition to receiving a multitude of knife wounds, were also strangled or battered to death. Many of the bodies found bore striations of the eye sockets. Pathologists concluded the injuries were caused by a knife, leading investigators to the conclusion the killer had gouged out the eyes of his victims. Chikatilo's adult female victims were often prostitutes or homeless women who could be lured to secluded areas with promises of alcohol or money. Chikatilo would typically attempt intercourse with these victims, but he would usually be unable to get an erection, which would send him into a murderous fury, particularly if the woman mocked his impotence. He would achieve orgasm only when he stabbed the victim to death. His child victims were of both sexes; Chikatilo would lure these victims to secluded areas using a variety of ruses, usually formed in the initial conversation with the victim, such as promising them assistance or company; with the offer to show the victim a shortcut; a chance to view rare stamps, films or coins or with an offer of food or candy. He would usually overpower these victims once they were alone, tie their hands behind their backs with a length of rope, and then proceed to kill them.

Investigation

Chikatilo did not kill again until June 1983, but he had killed five more times before September. The accumulation of bodies and the similarities between the pattern of wounds inflicted on the victims forced the Soviet authorities to acknowledge a serial killer was on the loose: on September 6, 1983, the Public Prosecutor of the USSR formally linked six of the murders thus far committed to the same killer. A Moscow police team, headed by Major Mikhail Fetisov, was sent to Rostov-on-Don to direct the investigation. Fetisov centered the investigations around Shakhty and assigned a specialist forensic analyst, Victor Burakov, to head the investigation. Due to the sheer savagery of the murders, much of the police effort concentrated on mentally ill citizens, homosexuals, known pedophiles and sex offenders, slowly working through all that were known and eliminating them from the inquiry. A number of young men confessed to the murders, although they were usually mentally handicapped youths who had admitted to the crimes only under prolonged and often brutal interrogation. Three known homosexuals and a convicted sex offender committed suicide as a result of the investigators' heavy-handed tactics, but as police obtained confessions from suspects, bodies continued to be discovered proving the suspects who had previously confessed could not be the killer the police were seeking: in October 1983, Chikatilo killed a 19-year-old prostitute, and in December a 14-year-old schoolboy named Sergey Markov.

The killings continue

In January and February 1984, Chikatilo killed two women in Rostov's Aviators' Park. On March 24, he lured a 10-year-old boy named Dmitry Ptashnikov away from a stamp kiosk in Novoshakhtinsk. While walking with the boy, Chikatilo was seen by several witnesses who were able to give investigators a detailed description of the killer; when Ptashnikov's body was found three days later, police also found a footprint of the killer and semen and saliva samples on the victim's clothing.

On May 25, Chikatilo killed a young woman, Tatyana Petrosyan and her 11-year-old daughter, Svetlana, in woodland outside Shakhty. Petrosyan had known Chikatilo for several years prior to her murder. By July 19, he had killed three further young women between the ages of 19 and 22 and a 13-year-old boy.

In the summer of 1984, Chikatilo was fired from his work as a supply clerk for theft of property. The accusation had been filed against Chikatilo the previous February and he had been asked to resign quietly but had refused to do so as he had denied the charges. Chikatilo found another job as a supply clerk in Rostov on August 1. On August 2, Chikatilo killed a 16-year-old girl, Natalya Golosovskaya, in Aviators' Park and on August 7, he killed a 17-year-old girl on the banks of the Don River before flying to the Uzbekistan capital of Tashkent on a business trip. By the time Chikatilo returned to Rostov on August 15, he had killed a young woman and a 12-year-old girl. Within two weeks an 11-year-old boy had been found strangled, castrated and with his eyes gouged out in Rostov before a young librarian, Irina Luchinskaya, was killed in Rostov's Aviators' Park on September 6.

Arrest and release

On September 13, 1984, exactly one week after his fifteenth killing of the year, Chikatilo was observed by an undercover detective attempting to lure young women away from a Rostov bus station. He was arrested and held. A search of his belongings revealed a knife and rope. He was also discovered to be under investigation for minor theft at one of his former employers, which gave the investigators the legal right to hold him for a prolonged period of time. Chikatilo's dubious background was uncovered, and his physical description matched the description of the man seen with Dmitry Ptashnikov in March. These factors provided insufficient evidence to convict him of the murders, however. He was found guilty of the theft of the property from his previous employer and sentenced to one year in prison. He was freed on December 12, 1984, after serving three months.

On October 8, 1984, the head of the Russian Public Prosecutors Office formally linked 23 of Chikatilo's murders into one case, and dropped all charges against the mentally handicapped youths who had previously confessed to the murders.

Following the September 6 murder of Irina Luchinskaya, no further bodies were found bearing the trademark mutilation of Chikatilo's murders and investigators in Rostov theorized that the unknown killer may have moved to another part of the Soviet Union and had continued killing there. The Rostov police sent bulletins to all forces throughout the Soviet Union, describing the network of wounds their unknown killer inflicted upon his victims and requesting feedback from any police force who had discovered murder victims with wounds matching those upon the victims found in the Rostov Oblast. The response was negative: no other police force had found murder victims with wounds matching those upon the description within the bulletin.

Later murders and the manhunt

Upon his release from jail, Chikatilo found new work in Novocherkassk and kept a low profile. He did not kill again until July 31, 1985, when he murdered a young woman near Domodedovo Airport, near Moscow. One month later, Chikatilo killed another woman in Shakhty. Both victims were linked to the hunt for the killer.

In November 1985, a special procurator named Issa Kostoyev was appointed to supervise the investigation. The known murders around Rostov were carefully re-investigated and police began another round of questioning of known sex offenders. The following month, the militsiya and Voluntary People's Druzhina renewed the patrolling of railway stations around Rostov. The police also took the step of consulting a psychiatrist, Dr. Alexandr Bukhanovsky, the first such consultation in a serial killer investigation in the Soviet Union. Bukhanovsky produced a 65-page psychological profile of the unknown killer for the investigators, describing the killer as a man aged between 45 and 50 years old who was of average intelligence, was likely to be married or had previously been married, but who was also a sadist who could only achieve sexual arousal by seeing his victims suffer. Bukhanovsky also argued that because many of the killings had occurred on weekdays near mass transportation and across the entire Rostov Oblast, that the killer's work required him to travel regularly, and based upon the actual days of the week when the killings had occurred, the killer was most likely tied to a production schedule.

Chikatilo followed the investigation carefully, reading newspaper reports about the manhunt for the killer and keeping his homicidal urges under control; throughout 1986 he is not known to have committed any murders. In 1987 Chikatilo killed three times; on each occasion he killed while on a business trip far away from the Rostov Oblast and none of these murders were linked to the manhunt in Rostov. Chikatilo's first murder in 1987 was committed in May, when he killed a 13-year-old boy named Oleg Makarenkov in Revda. In July, he killed another boy in Zaporozhye and a third in Leningrad in September.

In 1988, Chikatilo killed three times, murdering an unidentified woman in Krasny-Sulin in April and two boys in May and July. His first killing bore wounds similar to those inflicted on the victims linked to the manhunt killed between 1982 and 1985, but as the woman had been killed with a slab of concrete, investigators were unsure whether to link the murder to the investigation. In May Chikatilo killed a 9-year-old boy in Ilovaisk, Ukraine. The boy's wounds left no doubt the killer had struck again, and this murder was linked to the manhunt. On July 14, Chikatilo killed a 15-year-old boy named Yevgeny Muratov at Donleskhoz station near Shakhty. Muratov's murder was also linked to the investigation, although his body was not found until April 1989. Chikatilo did not kill again until March 8, 1989, when he killed a 16-year-old girl in his daughter's vacant apartment. He dismembered her body and hid the remains in a sewer. As the victim had been dismembered, police did not link her murder to the investigation. Between May and August, Chikatilo killed a further four victims, three of whom were killed in Rostov and Shakhty, although only two of the victims were linked to the killer.

On January 14, 1990, Chikatilo killed an 11-year-old boy in Shakhty. On March 7, he killed a 10-year-old boy named Yaroslav Makarov in Rostov Botanical Gardens. The eviscerated body was found the following day. On March 11, the leaders of the investigation, headed by Mikhail Fetisov, held a meeting to discuss progress made in the hunt for the killer. Fetisov was under intense pressure from the public, the press and the Ministry of the Interior in Moscow to solve the case: the intensity of the manhunt in the years up to 1984 had receded to a degree between 1985 and 1987, when Chikatilo had killed only two victims conclusively linked to the killer — both of them in 1985. By March 1990, six further victims had been linked to the killer. Fetisov had noted laxity in some areas of the investigation, and warned people would be fired if the killer was not caught soon.

Chikatilo had killed three further victims by August 1990: On April 4, he killed a 31-year-old woman in woodland near Donleskhoz station, on July 28, he lured a 13-year-old boy away from a Rostov train station and killed him in Rostov Botanical Gardens and on August 14, he killed an 11-year-old boy in the reeds near Novocherkassk beach.

The snare

The discovery of more victims sparked a massive operation by the police; as several victims had been found at stations on one rail route through the Rostov Oblast, Viktor Burakov — who had been involved in the hunt for the killer since 1982 — suggested a plan to saturate all larger stations in the Rostov Oblast with an obvious uniformed police presence the killer could not fail to notice, with the intention to discourage the killer from attempting to strike at any of these locations, and with smaller and less busy stations patrolled by undercover agents, where his activities would be more likely to be noticed. The plan was approved, and both the uniformed and undercover officers were instructed to question any adult man in the company of a young woman or child and note their name and passport number. Police deployed 360 men at all the stations in the Rostov Oblast, and only undercover officers at the three smallest stations — Kirpichnaya, Donleskhoz and Lesostep — on the route through the oblast where the killer had struck most frequently, in an effort to force the killer to strike at one of these three stations. The operation was implemented on October 27, 1990.

On October 30, police found the body of a 16-year-old boy named Vadim Gromov at Donleskhoz Station. Gromov had been killed on October 17, 10 days prior to the implementation of the initiative. The same day Gromov's body was found, Chikatilo lured another 16-year-old boy, Viktor Tishchenko, off a train at Kirpichnaya Station, another station under surveillance from undercover police and killed him in a nearby forest.

Surveillance

On November 6, 1990, Chikatilo killed and mutilated a 22-year-old woman named Svetlana Korostik in woodland near Donleskhoz Station. While leaving the crime scene, he was seen by an undercover officer. The policeman observed Chikatilo approach a well and wash his hands and face. When he approached the station, the undercover officer noted his coat had grass and soil stains at the elbows. Chikatilo also had a small red smear on his cheek. To the officer, he looked suspicious. The only reason people entered woodland near the station at that time of year was to gather wild mushrooms (a popular pastime in Russia). Chikatilo, however, was not dressed like a typical forest hiker; he was wearing more formal attire. Moreover, he had a nylon sports bag, which was not suitable for carrying mushrooms.

The policeman stopped Chikatilo and checked his papers. Having no formal reason for arrest, Chikatilo was not held. When the policeman came back to his office, he filed a formal routine report, indicating the name of the person he stopped at the train station.

On November 13, Korostik's body was found. Police summoned the officer in charge of surveillance at Donleskhoz Station and examined the reports of all men stopped and questioned in the previous week. Chikatilo's name was among those reports and his name was familiar to several officers involved in the case, having been questioned in 1984 and placed on the 1987 suspect list. Upon checking with Chikatilo's present and previous employers, investigators were able to place Chikatilo in various towns and cities at times when several victims linked to the investigation had been killed. Former colleagues from Chikatilo's teaching days informed investigators Chikatilo had been forced to resign from his teaching position due to complaints of sexual assault from several pupils.

Police placed Chikatilo under surveillance on November 14. In several instances, particularly on trains or buses, he was observed to approach lone young women or children and engage them in conversation; if the woman or child broke off the conversation, Chikatilo would wait a few minutes then seek another conversation partner. On November 20, after six days of surveillance, Chikatilo left his house with a one gallon flask for beer, then wandered around Novocherkassk, attempting to make contact with children he met on his way. Upon exiting a cafe, Chikatilo was arrested by four plainclothes police officers.

Final arrest

Upon arrest, Chikatilo gave a statement claiming the suspicion against him was a mistake, and complained he had also been arrested in 1984 for the same series of murders. A strip-search of the suspect revealed a further piece of evidence: one of Chikatilo’s fingers had a flesh wound. Medical examiners concluded the wound was, in fact, from a human bite. Chikatilo's penultimate victim was a physically strong 16-year-old youth. At the crime scene, the police had found numerous signs of a ferocious physical struggle between the victim and his murderer. Although a finger bone was later found to be broken and his fingernail had been bitten off, Chikatilo had never sought medical attention for the wound. A search of Chikatilo's belongings revealed he had been in possession of a folding knife at the time of his arrest.

Chikatilo was placed in a cell inside the KGB headquarters in Rostov with a police informer, who was instructed to engage Chikatilo in conversation and elicit any information he could from him.

The next day, 21 November, formal questioning of Chikatilo began. The interrogation of Chikatilo was performed by Issa Kostoyev. The strategy chosen by the police to elicit a confession was to lead Chikatilo to believe he was a very sick man in need of medical help. The intention of this strategy was to give Chikatilo hope that if he confessed, he would not be prosecuted by reason of insanity. Police knew their case against Chikatilo was largely circumstantial, and under Soviet law, they had ten days in which they could legally hold a suspect before either charging or releasing him. Throughout the questioning, Chikatilo repeatedly denied he had committed the murders, although he did confess to molesting his pupils during his career as a teacher. He also produced several written essays for Kostoyev which, although evasive regarding the actual murders, did reveal psychological symptoms consistent with those written by Dr. Bukhanovsky in 1985. The interrogation tactics used by Kostoyev may also have caused Chikatilo to become defensive: the informer sharing a KGB cell with Chikatilo reported to police that Chikatilo had informed him Kostoyev repeatedly asked him direct questions regarding the mutilations inflicted upon the victims.

Chikatilo's confession

On November 29, at the request of Burakov and Fetisov, Dr. Aleksandr Bukhanovsky, the psychiatrist who had written the 1985 psychological profile of the then-unknown killer for the investigators, was invited to assist in the questioning of the suspect. Bukhanovsky read extracts from his 65-page psychological profile to Chikatilo. Within two hours, Chikatilo confessed to 36 murders police had linked to the killer: although he denied two additional murders the police had initially linked to him. On November 30, he was formally charged with each of these 36 murders, all of which had been committed between June 1982 and November, 1990.

Chikatilo confessed to a further 20 killings which had not been connected to the case, either because the murders had been committed outside the Rostov Oblast, because the bodies had not been found or, in the case of Yelena Zakotnova, because an innocent man had been convicted and executed for the murder.

In December 1990, Chikatilo led police to the body of Aleksey Khobotov, a boy he had confessed to killing in 1989 and whom he had buried in woodland near a Shakhty cemetery, proving unequivocally he was the killer. He later led investigators to the bodies of two other victims he had confessed to killing. Three of the 56 victims Chikatilo confessed to killing could not be found or identified, but Chikatilo was charged with killing 53 women and children between 1978 and 1990. He was held in the same cell in Rostov-on-Don where he had been detained on November 20, to await trial.

Psychiatric evaluation

On August 20, 1991, after completing the interrogation of Chikatilo and having completed a re-enactment of all the murders at each crime scene, Chikatilo was transferred to the Serbsky Institute in Moscow for a six-day psychiatric evaluation to determine whether he was mentally competent to stand trial. Chikatilo was analysed by a senior psychiatrist, Dr. Andrei Tkachenko, who declared him legally sane on October 18. In December 1991, details of Chikatilo's arrest and a brief summary of his crimes was released to the newly-liberated media by police.

Trial and execution

The trial of Andrei Chikatilo was the first major event of post-Soviet Russia. Chikatilo stood trial in Rostov on April 14, 1992. During the trial, he was kept in an iron cage in a corner of the courtroom to protect him from attack by the many hysterical and enraged relatives of his victims. Chikatilo's head had been shaven — a standard prison precaution against lice. Relatives of victims regularly shouted threats and insults to Chikatilo throughout the trial, demanding that authorities release him so that they could kill him themselves. Each murder was discussed individually, and on several occasions, relatives broke down in tears when details of their relatives' murder were revealed; some even fainted.

Chikatilo regularly interrupted the trial, exposing himself, singing, and refusing to answer questions put to him by the judge. He was regularly removed from the courtroom for interrupting the proceedings. On May 13, Chikatilo withdrew his confessions to six of the killings to which he had previously confessed.

In July 1992, Chikatilo demanded that the judge be replaced for making too many rash remarks about his guilt. His defense counsel backed the claim. The judge looked to the prosecutor and even the prosecutor backed the defense's judgment, stating the judge had indeed made too many such remarks. The judge ruled the prosecutor be replaced instead.

On August 9, both prosecution and defense delivered their final arguments before the judge. Chikatilo again attempted to interrupt the proceedings and had to be removed from the courtroom. Final sentence was postponed until October 14. As the final deliberations began, the brother of Lyudmila Alekseyeva, a 17-year-old girl killed by Chikatilo in August 1984, threw a heavy chunk of metal at Chikatilo, hitting him in the chest. When security tried to arrest the young man, other victims' relatives shielded him, preventing him from being arrested.

On October 14, the court reconvened and the judge read the list of murders again, not finishing until the following day. On October 15, Chikatilo was found guilty of 52 of the 53 murders and sentenced to death for each offense. Chikatilo kicked his bench across his cage when he heard the verdict, and began shouting abuse. He was offered a final chance to make a speech in response to the verdict, but remained silent. Upon passing final sentence, Judge Leonid Akhobzyanov made the following speech:

On January 4, 1994, Russian President Boris Yeltsin refused a last-ditch appeal for clemency. On February 14, Chikatilo was taken to a soundproofed room in Novocherkassk prison and executed by a single gunshot behind the right ear.

List of victims

! Number	! Name	! Sex	! Age	! Date of Murder	! Notes
1	Yelena Zakotnova	F	9	December 22, 1978	Chikatilo's first victim. Accosted by Chikatilo while walking home from an ice-skating rink.
2	Larisa Tkachenko	F	17	September 3, 1981	Approached by Chikatilo while waiting for a bus back to her boarding school.
4	Lyubov Volobuyeva	F	14	July 25, 1982	Killed in an orchard near Krasnodar Airport.
6	Olga Kuprina	F	16	August 16, 1982	Killed in Kazachi Lagerya. Her body was found October 27.
7	Irina Karabelnikova	F	19	September 8, 1982	Lured away from Shakhty station by Chikatilo. Her body was found September 20.
8	Sergey Kuzmin	M	15	September 15, 1982	A runaway from a boarding school. Kuzmin's body was found at Shakhty station in January, 1983.
9	Olga Stalmachenok	F	10	December 11, 1982	Olga was lured off a bus while riding home from her piano lessons in Novoshakhtinsk.
10	Laura Sarkisyan	F	15	After June 18, 1983	Sarkisyan was from Armenia. Her body was never found.
11	Irina Dunenkova	F	13	July 1983	Dunenkova's body was found in Aviators' Park, Rostov, on August 8, 1983.
13	Igor Gudkov	M	7	August 9, 1983	Gudkov was Chikatilo's youngest victim. He was the first male victim linked to the manhunt.
14	Valentina Chuchulina	F	22	After September 19, 1983	Chuchulina's body was found November 27, 1983 in woodland near Kirpichnaya station.
15	Unknown woman	F	18–25	Summer, 1983	Chikatilo claimed he encountered this victim while she tried to find a ''"man (client) with a car."''
16	Vera Shevkun	F	19	October 27, 1983	Killed in a mining village near Shakhty. Her body was found October 30.
17	Sergey Markov	M	14	December 27, 1983	Disappeared while returning home from work experience. His body was found January 4, 1984.
18	Natalya Shalapinina	F	17	January 9, 1984	Shalapinina had been a close friend of Olga Kuprina, killed by Chikatilo in 1982.
19	Marta Ryabenko	F	45	February 21, 1984	Chikatilo's oldest victim. She was killed in Aviators' Park, Rostov.
20	Dmitriy Ptashnikov	M	10	March 24, 1984	Lured from a stamp kiosk by Chikatilo, who pretended to be a fellow collector.
22	Svetlana Petrosyan	F	11	May 25, 1984	Svetlana saw Chikatilo murder her mother before he chased her and killed her with a hammer.
23	Yelena Bakulina	F	22	June 22, 1984	Bakulina's body was found August 27, in the Bagasenski region of Rostov.
24	Dmitriy Illarionov	M	13	July 10, 1984	Vanished in Rostov while on his way to get a health certificate for summer camp.
25	Anna Lemesheva	F	19	July 19, 1984	A student who disappeared on her way to visit a dentist. She was killed in Shakhty.
26	Svetlana Tsana	F	20	July 1984	Originally from Riga. Her body was found September 9 in Aviators' Park, Rostov.
28	Lyudmila Alekseyeva	F	17	August 7, 1984	A student lured from a bus stop by Chikatilo, who offered to direct her to Rostov's bus terminal.
29	Unknown woman	F	20–25	August 8–11, 1984
30	Akmaral Seydaliyeva	F	12	August 13, 1984	A runaway from Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, also killed by Chikatilo in Tashkent.
31	Aleksandr Chepel	M	11	August 28, 1984	Chepel was killed on the banks of the Don river, near where Alekseyeva had been killed.
33	Natalya Pokhlistova	F	18	July 31, 1985	Lured off a train by Chikatilo near Domodedovo Airport, Moscow Oblast. Her body was found August 3.
34	Irina Gulyayeva	F	18	August 27, 1985	Killed in a grove of trees near Shakhty bus station. Her body was found the following day.
35	Oleg Makarenkov	M	13	May 16, 1987	Killed in Sverdlovsk, Ukraine, Chikatilo led police to his remains after his arrest.
36	Ivan Bilovetskiy	M	12	July 29, 1987
37	Yuri Tereshonok	M	16	September 15, 1987	Lured off a train in Leningrad Oblast. Chikatilo led police to his remains after his arrest.
38	Unknown woman	F	18–25	April 1–4, 1988	Killed near Krasny Sulin train station. Her body was found April 6.
39	Aleksey Voronko	M	9	May 15, 1988	Voronko was killed near a train station in Ilovaisk, Ukraine: the Rostov–Ukraine rail route.
40	Yevgeniy Muratov	M	15	July 14, 1988	The first victim killed near Rostov since 1985. Muratov's body was found on April 10, 1989.
41	Tatyana Ryzhova	F	16	March 8, 1989	A runaway from Krasny Sulin, she was killed in Chikatilo's own daughter's apartment.
42	Aleksandr Dyakonov	M	8	May 11, 1989	Killed in Rostov city centre the day after his 8th birthday. His body was found July 14.
44	Helena Varga	F	19	August 19, 1989	A student from Hungary who had a child. She was lured off a bus and killed in a village near Rostov.
45	Aleksey Khobotov	M	10	August 28, 1989	Vanished from outside a theater in Shakhty. Chikatilo led police to his remains after his arrest.
46	Andrey Kravchenko	M	11	January 14, 1990	Lured from a cinema by Chikatilo. He was killed in Shakhty. Kravchenko's body was found February 19.
47	Yaroslav Makarov	M	10	March 7, 1990	Lured from a Rostov train station by Chikatilo. He was killed in Rostov botanical gardens.
48	Lyubov Zuyeva	F	31	April 4, 1990	Lured off a train near the Donleskhoz station near Shakhty. Her body was found August 24.
49	Viktor Petrov	M	13	July 28, 1990	Killed in Rostov botanical gardens; a few yards from where Makarov had been murdered.
50	Ivan Fomin	M	11	August 14, 1990	Killed at Novocherkassk municipal beach. His body was found August 17.
51	Vadim Gromov	M	16	October 17, 1990	A student from Shakhty. Gromov vanished while riding the train to Taganrog.
52	Viktor Tishchenko	M	16	October 30, 1990	Killed in Shakhty. Tishchenko fought hard for his life; he was the victim who bit Chikatilo's finger.
53	Svetlana Korostik	F	22	November 6, 1990	Chikatilo's last victim. Her body was found November 13 in woodland near Donleskhoz station.

Chikatilo in Media

In film

The film, ''Citizen X'', based on Robert Cullen's book ''The Killer Department'', was made in 1995 about the investigation of the "Rostov Ripper" murders. Citizen X starred Jeffrey DeMunn as Chikatilo, with Stephen Rea as Viktor Burakov, Donald Sutherland as Mikhail Fetisov, and Max von Sydow as Dr. Alexandr Bukhanovsky.

The 2004 film ''Evilenko'', starring Malcolm McDowell and Marton Csokas, was loosely based on Chikatilo's murders.

Factual books

Four books have been written about the case of Andrei Chikatilo:

The Killer Department, written by Robert Cullen (ISBN 1-85797-210-4)

Hunting The Devil, written by Richard Lourie (ISBN 0-586-21846-7)

The Red Ripper, written by Peter Conradi (ISBN 0-86369-618-X)

Comrade Slayer: Andrei Chikatilo and his victims, written by Mikhail Krivich and Olgert Olgin (ISBN 0-45001-717-6)

Fictional books

''Child 44'', a novel by Tom Rob Smith, draws heavily on the Chikatilo story, with the events set several decades earlier during the time of Joseph Stalin and immediately thereafter.

See also

List of murderers by number of victims

Footnotes

Bibliography

Conradi, Peter. ''The Red Ripper: Inside the Mind of Russia’s Most Brutal Serial Killer''. 1992. ISBN 0440216036

Cullen, Robert. ''The Killer Department: The Eight-Year Hunt for the Most Savage Serial Killer of Our Times''. Orion Media, 1993. ISBN 1857972104

Lourie, Richard. ''Hunting the Devil. The Pursuit, Capture and Confession of the Most Savage Serial Killer in History''. 1993. ISBN 0060177179

Smith, Tom Rob. ''Child 44''. 2008. ISBN 1847371264. A crime novel loosely based on Chikatilo.

NTV (1997). ''Criminal Russia: The trail of Satan''. A documentary on Chikatilo's case, produced by a Russian TV channel.

External links

Chikatilo's sentence

Andrei Chikatilo profile from Crime and Investigation Network

List of Chikatilo's victims with photos

Son of Andrei Chikatilo tries to follow in dad’s footsteps

Tchikatilo’s Calvary by Mikhail Volokhov

Category:1936 births Category:1994 deaths Category:Executed serial killers Category:Executed Ukrainian people Category:People convicted of murder by the Soviet Union Category:People executed by Russia Category:People executed by single firearm Category:Soviet murderers of children Category:Soviet people convicted of murder Category:Soviet rapists Category:Soviet serial killers Category:Ukrainian cannibals Category:Ukrainian murderers of children Category:Ukrainian people convicted of murder Category:Ukrainian people in Soviet Russia Category:Ukrainian serial killers Category:Vampirism (crime)

az:Andrey Çikatilo bar:Tschikatilo bg:Андрей Чикатило cs:Andrej Čikatilo da:Andrej Tjikatilo de:Andrei Romanowitsch Tschikatilo et:Andrei Tšikatilo es:Andrei Chikatilo eo:Andrej Ĉikatilo fr:Andreï Tchikatilo ko:안드레이 치카틸로 id:Andrei Chikatilo it:Andrej Romanovič Čikatilo he:אנדריי צ'יקטילו ka:ანდრეი ჩიკატილო lv:Andrejs Čikatilo hu:Andrej Romanovics Csikatyilo nl:Andrej Tsjikatilo ja:アンドレイ・チカチーロ no:Andrej Tsjikatilo pl:Andriej Czikatiło pt:Andrei Chikatilo ru:Чикатило, Андрей Романович sr:Андреј Чикатило fi:Andrei Tšikatilo sv:Andrej Tjikatilo tr:Andrey Çikatilo uk:Чикатило Андрій Романович zh:安德烈·齐卡提洛

Name	Andrei Kirilenko
Size	110
Height ft	6
Height in	9
Weight lb	225
Position	Small Forward
Birth date	February 18, 1981
Birth place	Saint Petersburg, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Nationality	RussianAmerican
Draft round	1
Draft pick	24
Draft team	Utah Jazz
Draft year	1999
Career start	1997
Years1	1997–1998|team1Spartak St. Petersburg (Russia)
Years2	1998–2001|team2CSKA Moscow (Russia)
Years3	–|team3Utah Jazz
Highlights	NBA All-Star (2004) All-Defensive First Team (2006) 2× All-Defensive Second Team (2004–2005) NBA All-Rookie First Team (2002) Russian Championship 2000 MVP EuroBasket 2007 MVP European Player of the Year: FIBA Europe 2007
Profile	andrei_kirilenko }}

Andrei Gennadyevich Kirilenko (; born February 18, 1981) is a Russian-American professional basketball player who most recently played at the small forward position for the Utah Jazz in the National Basketball Association. He is 206 cm (6'9") tall and weighs 103 kg (227 lb).

At age fifteen, Kirilenko began playing professional basketball in his native Russia with the Russian Basketball Super League. The Utah Jazz drafted him in 1999, and he became the first Russian player selected in the first round of a draft and youngest European player drafted. After the draft, Kirilenko spent two years with PBC CSKA Moscow and played with the Russian national team in the 2000 Summer Olympics. In 2001, Kirilenko joined the Jazz. In the NBA, Kirilenko played in the 2004 All-Star Game, was an NBA All-Defensive Team pick for three seasons, and made the NBA All-Rookie Team after his first season. Kirilenko continues to compete internationally with the Russian national team. In 2011, Kirilenko became an American citizen.

He is sometimes nicknamed AK47 because his initials are AK and his jersey number is 47.

Early years

Kirilenko was born in the Soviet Russian city of Saint Petersburg, Russia. When he was ten, he began playing organized basketball. In 1997, Kirilenko became the youngest player ever to compete in the Russian Superleague. After spending two seasons with Spartak Saint Petersburg, he joined CSKA Moscow in 1998. In his first season, he helped his new team win the Russian Superleague championship. He was also selected to participate in the Russian All-Star game, helping the West beat the East 138–107 and winning the slam dunk contest.

NBA career

Utah Jazz (1999-present)

On June 30, 1999, at age , Kirilenko was the youngest European player at the time to be drafted in the National Basketball Association, when the Utah Jazz selected him with the 24th pick. Kirilenko was also the first Russian picked in the first round of an NBA Draft. However, he remained with CSKA Moscow for the next two seasons. In the 1999–2000 season, he helped his team win the inaugural championship of the Eastern European Basketball League and its second Russian Superleague championship in a row. On April 23, 2000, he participated in his second Russian All-Star game, helping the West beat the East 122–111. Despite being the odds-on favorite to win the slam dunk contest, he finished second to Harold Dean of Lokomotiv Mineralnye Vody.

Andrei Kirilenko participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics as a member of the Russian national basketball team, which finished 8th in the tournament. On February 8, 2001, in his third season with CSKA Moscow, Kirilenko became the second player ever in the history of the Euroleague to record a triple-double with 13 points, 11 rebounds, and 10 steals against Lietuvos Rytas. He showed off his all-around skills in the European Championships, finishing in top ten in 7 out of 8 statistical categories.

Kirilenko joined the Utah Jazz in 2001. He was named to the first team on the NBA All-Rookie team. He has since emerged as one of the top young players in the NBA, and one of the league's top weak-side defenders. He was selected to play as a reserve in the 2004 NBA All-Star Game in Los Angeles. In the 2003–04 NBA season, he ranked third in the league in blocked shots per game and fourth in the league in steals per game, becoming just the second player in NBA history to rank in the top five in both categories (David Robinson ranked first in blocked shots per game and fifth in steals per game in the 1991–92 NBA season). During the NBA offseason, Kirilenko plays for the Russian national basketball team.

Kirilenko became the leader of the Jazz in 2003 after John Stockton retired and Karl Malone left Utah to join the Los Angeles Lakers. He played and started in 78 of the Utah's 82 games and led them to a 42–40 record. Utah missed the playoffs by one game behind the Denver Nuggets. He finished fifth in Defensive Player of the Year voting and fourth in Most Improved Player voting and was named to the second team on the All-NBA Defensive Team. Kirilenko led the Jazz in many statistical categories:

total points: 1284

points per game: 16.5

total rebounds: 629

rebounds per game: 8.1

blocks: 215

blocks per game: 2.8

steals: 150

steals per game: 1.9

free throws made: 392

free throws attempted: 496

three-pointers made: 68

three-pointers attempted: 201

In the middle of the 2004–05 season against the Washington Wizards, Kirilenko sustained a broken right wrist, sidelining him for the remainder of the season. Despite only playing in 41 of the Jazz' 82 games, he amassed enough blocked shots during the season to qualify as the league leader in blocks per game, and was named to the second team on the NBA All-Defensive Team.

In the 2005–06 season Kirilenko was again among the league's best shot blockers and defenders. He recorded a career high 10 blocks against Indiana on March 26 and finished first in the league with total blocks (220) and second in blocks per game with 3.2, just behind league leader Marcus Camby at 3.3. He was named to the first team on the NBA All-Defensive Team.

Kirilenko averaged 15.3 points, 8 rebounds, 1.5 steals, 3.2 blocks and 4.3 assists per game in the 2005–2006 season.

Kirilenko and Hakeem Olajuwon are the only 2 NBA players who have finished a game with at least 6 steals, 6 blocks, 6 points, 6 rebounds, 6 assists since 1985-96.

The 2006–2007 season was a tremendous disappointment for Kirilenko. While playing in 70 games and not missing much playing time, he averaged career lows in points (8.3), rebounds (4.7), and field goal attempts (3.4). It has been said that much of this decline can be attributed to the main offensive emphasis on Carlos Boozer, Deron Williams, and Mehmet Okur, and that Kirilenko was uncomfortable losing his position as the main go-to guy on the team. His frustration eventually culminated in a widely-publicized breakdown near the end of the Jazz's first-round playoffs series against the Houston Rockets. Kirilenko bounced back to lead Russia to the championship in EuroBasket 2007, and was named MVP of the tournament. Following his performance in the 2007 European championship he asked to be released from his contract to return to Russia to play basketball.

Despite the trade rumors and controversy created by these statements, he rebounded in the 2007–08 NBA season and backed off on trade demands. His statistics for the 2007–08 NBA season were: 11.0 ppg, 4.7 rpg, 4.0 apg, 1.2 spg, and 1.5 bpg, all of which were improvements over his previous season's stats (with the exception of blocks and rebounds). He worked out personally with former Jazz shooting guard Jeff Hornacek on his shooting in the 2007 off-season, and his field goal percentage improved from 47% to 51%. Most impressively, his 3-point shooting improved from 21% to a career-high 38%.

Russian national team

}} His first international tournament was in the 2000 Summer Olympics when the Russian national basketball team finished the games in the 8th place. Later he played at the 2001 European Championship, where Russia finished 5th among 16 teams. The only time that Kirilenko played in a FIBA World Championship was at the 2002 FIBA World Championship where the Russian team finished 10th out of 16 teams. Kirilenko has also played at 4 European Championships, the 2003 European Championship, the 2005 European Championship, and the 2007 European Championship, where he won the gold medal of the competition and was named the MVP of the tournament. With the win in the 2007 European Championship, Russia qualified to the 2008 Summer Olympics, where Kirilenko also played for Russia and he was also named Russia's Flag bearer for the Opening Ceremony of the games.

In the first game of the 2008 Olympics tournament against Iran, Kirilenko scored 15 points, pulled down 5 rebounds and blocked 3 shots. Against Croatia, he led his team in points scored with 18, and he scored his personal best in the games against Argentina, scoring 23.

Awards and honors

NBA All-Star: 2004

NBA All-Defensive Team:

:*First Team: 2006 :*Second Team: 2004, 2005

NBA All-Rookie First Team: 2002

NBA career statistics

Regular season

|- | align="left" | 2001–02 | align="left" | Utah | 82 || 40 || 26.2 || .450 || .250 || .768 || 4.9 || 1.1 || 1.4 || 1.9 || 10.7 |- | align="left" | 2002–03 | align="left" | Utah | 80 || 11 || 27.7 || .491 || .325 || .800 || 5.3 || 1.7 || 1.5 || 2.2 || 12.0 |- | align="left" | 2003–04 | align="left" | Utah | 78 || 78 || 37.1 || .443 || .338 || .790 || 8.1 || 3.1 || 1.9 || 2.8 || 16.5 |- | align="left" | 2004–05 | align="left" | Utah | 41 || 37 || 32.9 || .493 || .299 || .784 || 6.2 || 3.2 || 1.6 || 3.3 || 15.6 |- | align="left" | 2005–06 | align="left" | Utah | 69 || 63 || 37.7 || .460 || .308 || .699 || 8.0 || 4.3 || 1.5 || 3.2 || 15.3 |- | align="left" | 2006–07 | align="left" | Utah | 70 || 70 || 29.3 || .471 || .213 || .728 || 4.7 || 2.9 || 1.1 || 2.1 || 8.3 |- | align="left" | 2007–08 | align="left" | Utah | 72 || 72 || 30.8 || .506 || .379 || .770 || 4.7 || 4.0 || 1.2 || 1.5 || 11.0 |- | align="left" | 2008–09 | align="left" | Utah | 67 || 10 || 27.3 || .449 || .274 || .785 || 4.8 || 2.6 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 11.6 |- | align="left" | 2009–10 | align="left" | Utah | 58 || 35 || 29.0 || .506 || .292 || .744 || 4.6 || 2.7 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 11.9 |- | align="left" | 2010–11 | align="left" | Utah | 64 || 62 || 31.2 || .467 || .367 || .770 || 5.1 || 3.0 || 1.3 || 1.2 || 11.7 |- | align="left" | Career | align="left" | | 681 || 478 || 30.8 || .470 || .312 || .763 || 5.6 || 2.8 || 1.4 || 2.0 || 12.4 |- | align="left" | All-Star | align="left" | | 1 || 0 || 12.0 || .333 || .000 || .000 || 1.0 || .0 || .0 || 1.0 || 2.0

Playoffs

|- | align="left" | 2001–02 | align="left" | Utah | 4 || 4 || 30.5 || .393 || .000 || .813 || 3.8 || 1.0 || 1.8 || 2.5 || 8.8 |- | align="left" | 2002–03 | align="left" | Utah | 5 || 0 || 29.0 || .419 || .143 || .875 || 4.8 || 1.4 || .6 || 2.0 || 11.6 |- | align="left" | 2006–07 | align="left" | Utah | 17 || 17 || 31.0 || .447 || .333 || .785 || 5.2 || 2.6 || .9 || 2.3 || 9.6 |- | align="left" | 2007–08 | align="left" | Utah | 12 || 12 || 32.3 || .447 || .227 || .714 || 3.4 || 2.5 || 1.5 || 1.7 || 11.0 |- | align="left" | 2008–09 | align="left" | Utah | 5 || 3 || 27.2 || .468 || .200 || .714 || 2.8 || 2.0 || 2.2 || .6 || 11.0 |- | align="left" | 2009–10 | align="left" | Utah | 2 || 0 || 15.0 || .500 || .000 || 1.000 || 3.0 || .0 || .5 || .5 || 5.5 |- | align="left" | Career | align="left" | | 45 || 36 || 29.9 || .444 || .208 || .781 || 4.2 || 2.1 || 1.2 || 1.9 || 10.1

Player profile

Kirilenko is a versatile "big man" who can play either forward spot. He is noted for his high-level play in both offense (12.4 points and 5.6 rebounds per game career averages as of 2011) and defense. On offense, he is proficient in drawing fouls, passing, and possesses a quick first step. He is lauded for his defense, as of 2006 three times selected into the NBA All-Defensive Team or Second Team. Staples of Kirilenko's defensive power are his shot blocking (with a career 2.0 per game average as of March 23, 2011) and in stealing the ball (career 1.4 per game average as of March 23, 2011).

On January 3, 2006, against the Los Angeles Lakers, Kirilenko posted a statline of 14 points, 8 rebounds, 9 assists, 6 steals and 7 blocks. This was the third time in his career he racked up at least 5 in all of the other relevant categories. Arguably, his statline is one of the closest performances to a quintuple double in NBA history. It was also the first-ever regulation "5×6" — a game in which a player registers at least 6 points, 6 rebounds, 6 assists, 6 blocks, and 6 steals — since the NBA began recording blocks and steals in the 1973–74 season. In 1987, Hakeem Olajuwon had 38 points, 17 rebounds, 12 blocks, 7 steals, and 6 assists for the Houston Rockets in a double-overtime win over the Seattle SuperSonics, the only other time a player has earned a 5×6.

Personal life

Kirilenko is married to Russian pop singer Masha "Marina" Lopatova, whose stage name is MaLo. Lopatova is the daughter of Russian basketball player Andrei Lopatov. Kirilenko met Lopatova at a youth basketball camp in Moscow, and Kirilenko appeared in one of Lopatova's music videos. In January 2011, Andrei and Masha acquired American citizenship. They live in Cottonwood Heights, Utah and have two sons: Fedya (born 2002) and Stepan (born March 6, 2007). ''ESPN The Magazine'' reported in 2006 that Masha allows Andrei to have sex with another woman once per year and quoted her: "Male athletes in this country are extremely attractive. They get chased by women. It's hard to resist. It's the way men are by nature."

See also

List of National Basketball Association career blocks leaders

List of National Basketball Association players with 10 or more blocks in a game

2008 Summer Olympics national flag bearers

Notes

External links

Blog of Andrei Kirilenko and Masha Lopatova on Sports.ru

Official website

Player Page at basketball-reference.com

Andrei Kirilenko Player Profile (InterBasket)

Andrei Kirilenko Basketboltr profile

2008 Olympic Basketball profile at FIBA.com

Utah Jazz Roster

Beijing 2008 Athlete profile

Youtube: Andrei Kirilenko - A.K.47

Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:American people of Russian descent Category:Basketball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Basketball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Basketball players from Utah Category:BC Spartak Saint Petersburg players Category:Eurobasket-winning players Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:Olympic basketball players of Russia Category:PBC CSKA Moscow players Category:People from Saint Petersburg Category:People from Salt Lake County, Utah Category:Power forwards (basketball) Category:Russian basketball players Category:Russian expatriate basketball people in the United States Category:Small forwards Category:Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg Category:Utah Jazz draft picks Category:Utah Jazz players

bs:Andrei Kirilenko bg:Андрей Кириленко ca:Andrei Kirilenko de:Andrei Gennadjewitsch Kirilenko es:Andréi Kirilenko fr:Andreï Kirilenko (basket-ball) hr:Andrej Kiriljenko id:Andrei Kirilenko it:Andrej Kirilenko he:אנדריי קירילנקו (כדורסלן) lv:Andrejs Kiriļenko lt:Andrejus Kirilenko nl:Andrej Kirilenko (basketballer) ja:アンドレイ・キリレンコ no:Andrej Kirilenko pl:Andriej Kirilenko pt:Andrei Kirilenko ru:Кириленко, Андрей Геннадьевич simple:Andrei Kirilenko sr:Андреј Кириленко fi:Andrei Kirilenko (koripalloilija) tr:Andrey Kirilenko zh:安德烈·基里连科

playername	Konstantin Rausch
fullname	Konstantin Rausch
dateofbirth	March 15, 1990
cityofbirth	Kozhevnikovo, Tomsk Oblast
countryofbirth	Russian SFSR
height
currentclub	Hannover 96
position	Left back
clubnumber	34
youthyears1	1996–2002 | youthclubs1 TuS Lachendorf
youthyears2	2002–2004 | youthclubs2 SV Nienhagen
youthyears3	2004–2008 | youthclubs3 Hannover 96
years1	2008– | clubs1 Hannover 96 | caps1 87 | goals1 5
nationalyears1	2006–2007 | nationalteam1 Germany U-17 | nationalcaps1 23 | nationalgoals1 0
nationalyears2	2008–2009 | nationalteam2 Germany U-18 | nationalcaps2 4 | nationalgoals2 0
pcupdate	14 May 2011
ntupdate	18 April 2008 }}

Konstantin Rausch (; born 15 March 1990 in Kozhevnikovo, Tomsk Oblast, Russian SFSR) is a Russian-born German footballer. He is a left back who has also played wingback. He plays for Hannover 96, where he signed his first professional contract after making his debut against Stuttgart on 30 March 2008 aged 18.

Personal life

Rausch's family emigrated to Germany from Siberia when he was five years old. His first friend in Germany couldn't pronounce "Konstantin" and instead called him "Kocka", a nickname still used by his teammates and coaches.

Career

Early years

Shortly after moving to Germany, Rausch started playing football at the local club, TuS Lachendorf. At the age of twelve he received an offer to join the youth team of Bundesliga side Hannover 96. He decided, he was not mature enough for such a big club and instead joined another local side, SV Nienhagen. He finally joined Hannover two years later, rejecting offers from Werder Bremen and Feyenoord Rotterdam.

Hannover 96

When 96 first choice left full back Michael Tarnat and his replacement Christian Schulz were injured, Rausch debuted against VfB Stuttgart on 30 March 2008. He was aged 18, which made him the youngest player ever, to appear in Hannover's first squad. Rausch had a good game, but had to be substituted at half time after straining a muscle. Two days later, he signed his first professional contract, running until 2010. While Hannover favoured a longer contract, Rausch did not want to tie himself for too long.

International career

International youth teams

Rausch played for various German youth teams as a left full back or wing back, accumulating more than 30 appearances. His biggest success was a bronze medal at the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup, where he started in every game except for one, which he missed following a red card. After the tournament, he was awarded a Fritz Walter Medal in silver as the second most promising German football player of his age.

Senior team

In March 2011, Russian media quoted Rausch to be interested in playing for the Russia national football team, but that nobody from Russian Football Union has talked to him about it.

Honours

FIFA U-17 World Cup: Third place 2007

References

External links

Konstantin Rausch at the official German U18 page

Career stats at Fussballdaten.de

Category:1990 births Category:Living people Category:German footballers Category:Germany under-21 international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Association football fullbacks Category:Russian people of German descent Category:Hannover 96 players Category:German Russians Category:Fußball-Bundesliga players

ar:كونستانتين راوتش de:Konstantin Rausch fr:Konstantin Rausch it:Konstantin Rausch pl:Konstantin Rausch ru:Рауш, Константин