name | Joe Cocker |
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background | solo_singer |
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birth name | John Robert Cocker |
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alias | Vance Arnold, "The Sheffield Soul Shouter" |
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birth date | May 20, 1944 |
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origin | Sheffield, England |
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instrument | Vocals, harmonica, guitar, drums |
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genre | Blues, rock, blues-rock, blue-eyed soul |
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occupation | Musician, composer, actor |
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years active | 1960 – present |
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label | Regal ZonophoneA&M;CapitolEMIDecca |
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associated acts | The Grease Band |
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website | www.cocker.comwww.columbia.de/joecocker/
}} |
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John Robert "Joe" Cocker,
OBE (born 20 May 1944) is an English rock/
blues musician, composer and actor who came to popularity in the 1960s, and is most known for his gritty
voice, his idiosyncratic arm movements while performing, and his
cover versions of popular songs, particularly those of
The Beatles. He is the recipient of several awards, including a 1983
Grammy Award for his song "
Up Where We Belong", a duet which he performed with
Jennifer Warnes. He was ranked #97 on Rolling Stone's 100 greatest singers list.
Biography
Early life
Cocker was born on 20 May 1944 at 38 Tasker Road,
Crookes,
Sheffield, England. He is the youngest son of a civil servant, Harold Cocker, and Madge Cocker. According to different family stories, Cocker received his nickname of Joe either from playing a childhood game called "Cowboy Joe" or from a neighbourhood window cleaner named Joe. Cocker's main musical influences growing up were
Ray Charles and
Lonnie Donegan. Cocker's first experience singing in public was at age 12 when his elder brother Victor invited him on stage to sing during a gig of his
skiffle group. In 1960, along with three friends, Cocker formed his first group, the Cavaliers. For the group's first performance at a youth club, they were required to pay the price of admission before entering. The Cavaliers eventually broke up after a year and Cocker left school to become an apprentice
gasfitter while he pursued a career in music.
Early career (1961–1966)
In 1961, under the stage name
Vance Arnold, Cocker continued his career with a new group, Vance Arnold and the Avengers. The name was a combination of Vince Everett,
Elvis Presley's character in ''
Jailhouse Rock'', (which Cocker misheard as Vance) and country singer
Eddy Arnold. The group mostly played in the
pubs of Sheffield, performing covers of
Chuck Berry and
Ray Charles songs. In 1963 they booked their first significant gig when they supported
The Rolling Stones at
Sheffield City Hall. In 1964 Cocker signed a recording contract as a solo act with
Decca and released his first single, a cover of
the Beatles' "
I'll Cry Instead" (with
Jimmy Page playing backup guitar). Despite extensive promotion from Decca lauding his youth and working class roots, the record was a flop and his recording contract with Decca lapsed at the end of 1964. After Cocker recorded the single, he dropped his stage name and formed a new group, Joe Cocker's Big Blues. There is only one known recording of Joe Cocker's and Big Blues on an EP given out by Sheffield College during Rag Week and called Rag Goes Mad at the Mojo. It contained a cover of Curtis Mayfield's "I've Been Trying" and a track of "Saved".
The Grease Band (1966–1969)
In 1966, after a year-long hiatus from music, Cocker teamed up with
Chris Stainton, whom he had met several years before, to form
the Grease Band. The Grease Band was named after Cocker read an interview with jazz musician
Jimmy Smith, where Smith described another musician as "having a lot of grease". Like the Avengers, Cocker's group mostly played in pubs in and around Sheffield. The Grease Band came to the attention of
Denny Cordell, the producer of
Procol Harum,
the Moody Blues and
Georgie Fame. Cocker recorded the single "Marjorine" without the Grease Band for Cordell in a London studio. He then moved to London with Chris Stainton, and the Grease Band was dissolved. Cordell set Cocker up with a residency at the
Marquee Club in London, and a "new" Grease Band was formed with Stainton and keyboardist
Tommy Eyre.
After minor success in the US with the single "Marjorine", Cocker entered the big time with a groundbreaking rearrangement of "With a Little Help from My Friends", another Beatles cover, which was later used as the opening theme for ''The Wonder Years''. The recording features lead guitar from Jimmy Page, drumming by BJ Wilson, backing vocals from Sue and Sunny, and Tommy Eyre on organ. The single made the Top Ten on the British charts, remaining there for thirteen weeks and eventually reaching number one, on 9 November 1968. It also reached number 68 on the US charts.
The new touring line-up of Cocker's Grease Band featured Henry McCullough on lead guitar, who would go on to briefly play with McCartney's Wings. After touring the UK with the Who in autumn 1968 and Gene Pitney and Marmalade in early Winter 1969, the Grease Band embarked on their first tour of the US in spring 1969. Cocker's album ''With A Little Help from my Friends'' was released soon after their arrival and made number 35 on the American charts, eventually going gold.
During his US tour, Cocker played at several large festivals, including the Newport Rock Festival and the Denver Pop Festival. In August, Denny Cordell heard about the planned concert in Woodstock, New York and convinced organiser Artie Kornfeld to book Cocker and the Grease Band for the Woodstock Festival. The group had to be flown into the festival by helicopter due to the large crowds. They performed several songs, including "Delta Lady", "Something's Comin' On", "Let's Go Get Stoned", "I Shall Be Released", and "With a Little Help from My Friends". Cocker would later say that the experience was "like an eclipse... it was a very special day."
Directly after Woodstock, Cocker released his second album, ''Joe Cocker!''. Impressed by his cover of "With A Little Help From my Friends", Paul McCartney and George Harrison allowed Cocker to use their songs "She Came in Through the Bathroom Window" and "Something" for the album. Recorded during a break in touring in the spring and summer, the album reached number 11 on the US charts and garnered a second UK hit with the Leon Russell song, "Delta Lady".
Throughout 1969 he was featured on variety TV shows like ''The Ed Sullivan Show'' and ''This Is Tom Jones''. Onstage, he exhibited an idiosyncratic physical intensity, flailing his arms and playing air guitar, occasionally giving superfluous cues to his band. At the end of the year Cocker was unwilling to embark on another US tour, so he dissolved the Grease Band.
Mad Dogs and Englishmen (1969–1971)
Despite Cocker's reluctance to venture out on the road again, an American tour had already been booked so he had to quickly form a new band in order to fulfil his contractual obligations. It proved to be a large group of more than 30 musicians, including pianist and bandleader
Leon Russell, three drummers, and backing vocalists
Rita Coolidge and
Claudia Lennear. The new band was christened "
Mad Dogs and Englishmen" by Denny Cordell after the
Noël Coward song of the same name. His music at this time evolved into a more bluesy type of rock, often compared to that of
The Rolling Stones. During the ensuing Mad Dogs and Englishmen tour (later described by drummer
Jim Keltner as "a big, wild party"), Cocker toured 48 cities, recorded a live album, and received very positive reviews from ''
Time'' and ''
Life'' for his performances. However, the pace of the tour was exhausting. Russell and Cocker had personal problems and Cocker became depressed and began drinking excessively as the tour wound down in May 1970. Meanwhile, he enjoyed several chart entries in the US with "
Cry Me a River" and "
Feelin' Alright" by
Dave Mason. His cover of the
Box Tops' hit "
The Letter", which appeared on the live album and film, ''
Mad Dogs and Englishmen'', became his first US Top Ten
hit. After spending several months in Los Angeles, Cocker returned home to Sheffield where his family became increasingly concerned with his deteriorating physical and
mental health. In the summer of 1971 the
A&M; Records single release appeared in the US of "High Time We Went". This became a hit, reaching number 22 on the US
Billboard Hot 100 chart, but was not issued on an album until November 1972 on the ''
Joe Cocker'' album.
On the road (1972–1982)
In early 1972, after nearly two years away from music, Cocker went on tour with a group that Chris Stainton had formed. He opened with a performance in
Madison Square Garden which was attended by about 20,000 people. After touring the US, he embarked on a European tour where he played to large audiences in
Milan and Germany. He then returned to the US for another tour in autumn 1972. During these tours the group cut the songs that would be part of his newest album, ''
Joe Cocker''. A mixture of live songs and studio recordings, the album peaked at number 30 on the US charts.
In October 1972, when Cocker toured Australia, he and six members of his entourage were arrested in Adelaide by police for possession of marijuana. The next day in Melbourne, assault charges were laid after a brawl at the Commodore Chateau Hotel, and Cocker was given 48 hours to leave the country by the Australian Federal Police. This caused huge public outcry in Australia, as Cocker was a high-profile overseas artist and had a strong support base, especially amongst the baby boomers who were coming of age and able to vote for the first time. It sparked hefty debate about the use and legalisation of marijuana in Australia and gained Cocker the nickname of "the Mad Dog". Shortly after the Australian tour, Stainton retired from his music career to establish his own recording studio. After his friend's departure and estrangement from longtime producer Denny Cordell, Cocker sank into depression and began using heroin. In June 1973 he kicked the habit, but continued to drink heavily.
At the end of 1973, Cocker returned to the studio to record a new album, ''I Can Stand A Little Rain''. The album, released in August 1974, was number 11 on the US charts and one single, a cover of Billy Preston's ''You Are So Beautiful'', reached the number 5 slot. Despite positive reviews for the album, Cocker struggled with live performances, largely due to his problems with alcohol. In January 1975, he released a second album that had been recorded at the same time as ''I Can Stand a Little Rain'', ''Jamaica Say You Will''. To promote his new album, Cocker embarked on another tour of Australia, made possible by the country's new Labor government. In late 1975, he contributed vocals on a number of the tracks on Bo Diddley's ''The 20th Anniversary of Rock 'n' Roll'' all-star album. He also recorded a new album in a Kingston, Jamaica studio, ''Stingray''. However, record sales were disappointing; the album reached only number 70 on the US charts.
In 1976, Cocker performed "Feelin' Alright" on ''Saturday Night Live''. John Belushi joined him on stage doing his famous impersonation of Cocker's stage movements. At the time, Cocker was $800,000 in debt to A&M; Records and struggling with alcoholism. Several months later, he met producer Michael Lang, who agreed to manage him on the condition that he stay sober. With a new band, Cocker embarked on a tour of New Zealand, Australia, and South America. He then recorded a new album with session work by Steve Gadd and Chuck Rainey, and a new, young bassist from Scotland, Rob Hartley. Hartley also toured briefly with Cocker's friends in 1977. In the autumn of 1978, he went on a North American tour promoting his album, ''Luxury You Can Afford''. Despite this effort, it received mixed reviews and only sold around 300,000 copies.
In 1979, Cocker joined the "Woodstock in Europe" tour, which featured musicians like Arlo Guthrie and Richie Havens who had played at the 1969 Woodstock Festival. He also performed in New York's Central Park to an audience of 20,000 people. The concert was recorded and released as the live album, ''Live in New York''. He also toured Europe and appeared on the German television recording amphitheatre, ''Rockpalast'', the first of many performances on the show. In 1982, Cocker recorded a song with jazz group the Crusaders on their album ''Standing Tall''. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award and Cocker performed it with the Crusaders at the awards ceremony. Cocker then released a new reggae-influenced album, ''Sheffield Steel'', recorded with the Compass Point All Stars, produced by Chris Blackwell and Alex Sadkin.
Later career (1982–present)
In 1982, at the behest of producer
Stewart Levine, Cocker recorded the duet "
Up Where We Belong" with
Jennifer Warnes for the soundtrack of the 1982 film ''
An Officer and a Gentleman''. The song was an international hit, reaching number 1 on the ''Billboard''
Hot 100, and winning a
Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo. The duet also won an
Academy Award for Best Original Song, and Cocker and Warnes performed the song at the awards ceremony. Several days later, he was invited to perform "You Are So Beautiful" with Ray Charles in a television tribute to the musician. He then joined singer
Ronnie Lane's 1983 tour to raise money for the London-based organisation Action for Research into
Multiple Sclerosis. Musicians such as
Eric Clapton,
Jimmy Page,
Jeff Beck and Chris Stainton also participated in the tour which included a performance at Madison Square Garden. While on another tour that year, Cocker was arrested by Austrian police after refusing to perform because of inadequate sound equipment. The charges were eventually dropped and Cocker was released. Shortly after the incident, he released his ninth studio album, ''
Civilized Man''. His next album ''
Cocker'' was dedicated to his mother, Madge, who died when he was recording in the studio. A track from the album, "
You Can Leave Your Hat On" was featured in the 1986 film ''
9½ Weeks''. The album eventually went Platinum on the European charts. His 1987 album ''
Unchain My Heart'' was nominated for a Grammy Award, although it did not win. ''
One Night of Sin'' was also a commercial success, surpassing ''Unchain My Heart'' in sales.
Throughout the 1980s, Cocker continued to tour around the world, playing to large audiences in Europe, Australia and the United States. In 1988, he performed at London's Royal Albert Hall and appeared on ''The Tonight Show''. He also performed for President George H. W. Bush at an inauguration concert in February 1989. In 1992, his version of Bryan Adams' "Feels Like Forever" made the UK Top 40.
Cocker performed the opening set at Woodstock '94 as one of the few alumni who played at the original Woodstock Festival in 1969.
In 2007, Cocker appeared playing minor characters in the film ''Across the Universe'', as the lead singer on another Beatles hit, "Come Together". Cocker was awarded an OBE in the Queen's 2007 Birthday Honours list for services to music. To celebrate receiving his award in mid December 2007, Cocker played two concerts in London and in his home town of Sheffield.
In April and May 2009, Cocker conducted a North American tour in support of his album ''Hymn for My Soul''.
On 26 May 2010, Cocker joined Season 9's ''American Idol'' Lee DeWyze and first runner-up Crystal Bowersox, for a version of "With a Little Help From My Friends".
He sang the vocals on Little Wing for the Carlos Santana album, ''Guitar Heaven: The Greatest Guitar Classics of All Time'', released on 21 September 2010. In the fall of 2010, Cocker toured Europe promoting his studio album ''Hard Knocks''.
On 26 October 2010 Cocker visited Armenia for first time with his new ''Hard Knocks'' tour.
Cocker returned to Australia in 2008 and again in 2011, the latter of which featured George Thorogood and the Destroyers as an opening act.
Personal life
In 1963, Cocker began dating Eileen Webster, also a resident of Sheffield. The couple dated intermittently for the next thirteen years, separating permanently in 1976. In 1978, Cocker moved onto a ranch owned by
Jane Fonda in
Santa Barbara, California, United States. Pam Baker, a local summer camp director and fan of Cocker's music convinced the actress to rent the house to Cocker. Baker began dating Cocker and they eventually married on 11 October 1987. The couple currently reside on the Mad Dog Ranch in
Crawford, Colorado, United States.
Cocker is not related to fellow Sheffield-born musician Jarvis Cocker, despite this being a rumour (particularly in Australia, where Jarvis' father Mac Cocker was a radio DJ who allowed listeners to believe he was Joe Cocker's brother).
Discography
:''For a comprehensive list of recordings see
Joe Cocker discography.''
Studio albums
''With a Little Help from My Friends'' (1969)
''Joe Cocker!'' (1969)
''Mad Dogs and Englishmen'' (1970)
''Joe Cocker'' (1972/EU: 1973)
''I Can Stand a Little Rain'' (1974)
''Jamaica Say You Will'' (1975)
''Stingray'' (1976)
''Luxury You Can Afford'' (1978)
''Sheffield Steel'' (1982)
''Civilized Man'' (1984)
''Cocker'' (1986)
''Unchain My Heart'' (1987)
''One Night of Sin'' (1989)
''Night Calls'' (1991/US: 1992)
''Have a Little Faith'' (1994)
''Organic'' (1996)
''Across from Midnight'' (1997)
''No Ordinary World'' (1999/US: 2000)
''Respect Yourself'' (2002)
''Heart & Soul'' (2004/US: 2005)
''Hymn for My Soul'' (2007/US: 2008)
''Hard Knocks'' (2010)
Notes
References
''The New Musical Express Book of Rock'', 1975, Star Books, ISBN 0352300744.
Further reading
''Guinness Book of British Hit Singles – 16th Edition'' – ISBN 0-85112-190-X
''The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits'' – ISBN 0-85112-250-7
''Guinness Book of British Hit Albums – 7th Edition'' – ISBN 0-85112-619-7
''Guinness Rockopedia'' – ISBN 0-85112-072-5
''The Great Rock Discography – 5th Edition'' – ISBN 1-84195-017-3
External links
The Official Website of Joe Cocker
Photos taken by photographer Linda Wolf, one of the two official photographers of the Joe Cocker, Mad Dogs and Englishmen Tour, 1970
Category:1944 births
Category:Living people
Category:Blue-eyed soul singers
Category:English film actors
Category:English male singers
Category:English pop singers
Category:English rock singers
Category:English soul singers
Category:Gasfitters
Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Music from Sheffield
Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Category:People from Sheffield
Category:Sheffield Legends
Category:English expatriates in the United States
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