Fullname	State of New York
Name	New York
Flag	Flag of New York.svg
Seal	Seal of New York.svg
Nickname	The Empire State
Motto	Excelsior (Latin)Ever upward
Demonym	New Yorker
Map	New York in United States.svg
Capital	Albany
Largestcity	New York City
Largestmetro	New York City Metropolitan Area
Arearank	27th
Totalareaus	54,556
Totalarea	141,300
Widthus	285
Width	455
Lengthus	330
Length	530
Pcwater	13.5
Latitude	40° 30′ N to 45° 1′ N
Longitude	71° 51′ W to 79° 46′ W
2000pop	19,465,197 (2011 est)
Poprank	3rd
2000densityus	412
2000density	159
Densityrank	7th
Highestpoint	Mount Marcy
Highestelevus	5,343
Highestelev	1628.57
Meanelevus	1,000
Meanelev	300
Lowestpoint	Atlantic Ocean
Lowestelevus	0
Lowestelev	0
Admittancedate	July 26, 1788
Admittanceorder	11th
Governor	Andrew Cuomo (D)
Lieutenant governor	Robert Duffy (D)
Legislature	New York Legislature
Upperhouse	State Senate
Lowerhouse	State Assembly
Senators	Charles Schumer (D)Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
Representative	21 Democrats,8 Republicans
Timezone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Postalabbreviation	NY
Isocode	US-NY
Website	www.ny.gov }}

New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from the city of New York.

New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. It is known for its status as a financial and cultural center, and for its history as a gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.

New York was inhabited by various tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian speaking Native American tribes at the time Dutch settlers moved into the region in the early 17th century. In 1609, the region was first claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch. Fort Nassau was built near the site of the present-day capital of Albany in 1614. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson River Valley, establishing the colony of New Netherland. The British took over the colony by annexation in 1664.

The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were roughly similar to those of the present-day state. About one third of all the battles of the Revolutionary War took place in New York. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.

History

17th century

During the 17th century, Dutch trading posts established for the trade of pelts from the Lenape, Iroquois and other indigenous peoples expanded into the colony of New Netherland. The first of these trading posts were Fort Nassau (1614, near present-day Albany); Fort Orange (1624, on the Hudson River just south of the current city of Albany and created to replace Fort Nassau), developing into settlement Beverwijck (1647), and into what became Albany; Fort Amsterdam (1625, to develop into the town New Amsterdam which is present-day New York City); and Esopus, (1653, now Kingston). The success of the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck (1630), which surrounded Albany and lasted until the mid 19th century, was also a key factor in the early success of the colony. The British captured the colony during the Second Anglo-Dutch War and governed it as the Province of New York.

American Revolution

The Sons of Liberty were organized in New York City during the 1760s, largely in response to the oppressive Stamp Act passed by the British Parliament in 1765. The Stamp Act Congress met in the city on October 19 of that year: a gathering of representatives from across the Thirteen Colonies that set the stage for the Continental Congress to follow. The Stamp Act Congress resulted in the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which was the first written expression by representatives of the Americans of many of the rights and complaints later expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence, including the right to representative government.

The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the cannon and gunpowder necessary to force a British withdrawal from the Siege of Boston in 1775.

New York endorsed the Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1776. The New York state constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at White Plains, New York on July 10, 1776, and after repeated adjournments and changes of location, terminated its labors at Kingston, New York on Sunday evening, April 20, 1777, when the new constitution drafted by John Jay was adopted with but one dissenting vote. It was not submitted to the people for ratification. On July 30, 1777, George Clinton was inaugurated as the first Governor of New York at Kingston.

The first major battle of the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared—and the largest battle of the entire war—was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a ''Battle of Brooklyn'') in August 1776. British victory made New York City their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the center of attention for General George Washington's intelligence network.

The notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay saw more American combatants die of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war, combined.

The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, influencing France to ally with the revolutionaries.

In an attempt to retain their sovereignty and remain an independent nation positioned between the new United States and British North America, four of the Iroquois nations fought on the side of the British; only the Oneidas and their dependents the Tuscaroras allied themselves to the Americans. The Sullivan Expedition of 1778 and 1779 destroyed nearly 50 Iroquois villages and adjacent croplands, forcing many refugees to British-held Niagara. As allies of the British, the Iroquois were resettled in Canada after the war. In the treaty settlement, the British ceded most Indian lands to the new United States. Because New York made treaty with the Iroquois without getting Congressional approval, some of the land purchases are the subject of modern-day claims by the individual tribes. More than of former Iroquois territory was put up for sale in the years after the Revolutionary War, leading to rapid development in upstate New York. As per the Treaty of Paris, the last vestige of British authority in the former Thirteen Colonies—their troops in New York City—departed in 1783, which was long afterwards celebrated as Evacuation Day.

Following heated debate, which included the publication of the now quintessential constitutional interpretation—the Federalist Papers—as a series of installments in New York City newspapers, New York was the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.

19th century

Transportation in western New York was difficult before canals were built in the early part of the 19th century. The Hudson and Mohawk Rivers could be navigated only as far as Central New York. While the St. Lawrence River could be navigated to Lake Ontario, the way westward to the other Great Lakes was blocked by Niagara Falls, and so the only route to western New York was over land.

Governor DeWitt Clinton strongly advocated building a canal to connect the Hudson River with Lake Erie, and thus all the Great Lakes. Work commenced in 1817, and the Erie Canal was finished in 1825. It was considered an engineering marvel. Packet boats traveled up and down the canal with sightseers and visitors on board. The canal opened up vast areas of New York to commerce and settlement. It enabled Great Lakes port cities such as Buffalo and Rochester to grow and prosper. It also connected the burgeoning agricultural production of the Midwest and shipping on the Great Lakes, with the port of New York City. Improving transportation, it enabled additional population migration to territories west of New York.

Ellis Island

Ellis Island was the main facility for immigrants, entering the United States in the late 19th century to the mid 20th century. It was opened when the federal government took over the responsibility for processing immigrants, prior to that it was the responsibility of the states. It replaced the prior New York State immigration center located at Castle Clinton, a War of 1812 era fort located in what is today Battery Park, through which at least 8 million immigrants such as Harry Houdini, passed through from 1855–1890.

Ellis Island operated as an immigration center from January 1, 1892, until November 12, 1954. It is owned by the Federal government and is now part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. It is situated in New York Harbor, between two states and cities, Jersey City, New Jersey and New York City, New York.

More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island, between 1892 and 1954. After 1924, when the National Origins Act was passed, the only immigrants to pass through there were displaced persons or war refugees. Today, over 100 million Americans can trace their ancestry to the immigrants, who first arrived in America through Castle Clinton and Ellis Island, before dispersing to points all over the country. Ellis Island was the subject of a border dispute between New York State and New Jersey. The issue was settled in 1998 by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled that the original 3.3 acre island was New York State territory and that the balance of the added after 1834 by landfill was in New Jersey.

Statue of Liberty

The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States to mark the Centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The idea of giving a colossal representation of republican virtues to a "sister" republic, across the sea, served as a focus for the republican cause against other politicians. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated in New York Harbor on October 28, 1886.

Liberty Island closed on September 11, 2001; the island reopened in December, the monument reopened on August 3, 2004, but the statue remained closed until the summer of 2009. The National Park Service claims that the statue is not shut because of a terrorist threat, but principally because of a long list of fire regulation contraventions, including inadequate evacuation procedures. The museum and ten-story pedestal are open for visitors, but are only accessible if visitors have a "Monument Access Pass", which is a reservation that visitors must make in advance of their visit and pick up before boarding the ferry. There are a maximum of 3000 passes available each day, with a total of 15,000 visitors to the island daily. The interior of the statue remains closed, although a glass ceiling in the pedestal allows for views of Gustave Eiffel's iron framework of Lady Liberty.

Geography

New York covers and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. The Great Appalachian Valley dominates eastern New York, while Lake Champlain is the chief northern feature of the valley, which also includes the Hudson River flowing southward to the Atlantic Ocean. The rugged Adirondack Mountains, with vast tracts of wilderness, lie west of the valley.

Most of the southern part of the state is on the Allegheny Plateau, which rises from the southeast to the Catskill Mountains. The western section of the state is drained by the Allegheny River and rivers of the Susquehanna and Delaware systems. The Delaware River Basin Compact, signed in 1961 by New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the federal government, regulates the utilization of water of the Delaware system. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks.

New York's borders touch (clockwise from the west) two Great Lakes (Erie and Ontario, which are connected by the Niagara River); the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada; Lake Champlain; three New England states (Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut); the Atlantic Ocean, and two Mid-Atlantic States, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In addition, Rhode Island shares a water border with New York. New York is the only state that touches both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, and is the second-largest of the original Thirteen Colonies.

In contrast with New York City's urban atmosphere, the vast majority of the state is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes. New York's Adirondack Park is the largest state park in the United States. It is larger than the Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Glacier and Olympic National Parks combined. New York established the first state park in the United States at Niagara Falls in 1885. Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River as it flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, is a popular attraction.

The Hudson River begins at Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the state without draining Lakes George or Champlain. Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end extends into Canada, where it drains into the Richelieu and then the St. Lawrence Rivers. Four of New York City's five boroughs are on three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island; Staten Island; and Long Island, which contains Brooklyn and Queens on its western end.

''Upstate'' and ''downstate'' are often used informally to distinguish New York City or its greater metropolitan area from the rest of New York State. The placement of a boundary between the two is a matter of great contention. Unofficial and loosely defined regions of Upstate New York include the Southern Tier, which often includes the counties along the border with Pennsylvania, and the North Country, which can mean anything from the strip along the Canadian border to everything north of the Mohawk River.

Climate

In general, New York has a humid continental climate, though under the Köppen climate classification, New York City has a humid subtropical climate. Weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: a warm, humid one from the southwest and a cold, dry one from the northwest.

The winters are long and cold in the Plateau Divisions of the state. In the majority of winter seasons, a temperature of or lower can be expected in the northern highlands (Northern Plateau) and or colder in the southwestern and east-central highlands (Southern Plateau). The summer climate is cool in the Adirondacks, Catskills and higher elevations of the Southern Plateau.

The New York City/Long Island area and lower portions of the Hudson Valley have rather warm summers by comparison, with some periods of high, uncomfortable humidity. The remainder of New York State enjoys pleasantly warm summers, marred by only occasional, brief intervals of sultry conditions. Summer daytime temperatures usually range from the upper 70s to mid 80s °F (25 to 30 °C), over much of the state.

New York ranks 46th among the 50 states in the amount of greenhouse gases generated per person. This relative efficiency is primarily due to the state's higher rate of mass transit use.

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State parks

New York has many state parks and two major forest preserves. Adirondack Park, roughly the size of the state of Vermont and the largest state park in the United States, was established in 1892 and given state constitutional protection to remain "forever wild" in 1894. The thinking that led to the creation of the Park first appeared in George Perkins Marsh's ''Man and Nature'', published in 1864. Marsh argued that deforestation could lead to desertification; referring to the clearing of once-lush lands surrounding the Mediterranean, he asserted "the operation of causes set in action by man has brought the face of the earth to a desolation almost as complete as that of the moon."

The Catskill Park was protected in legislation passed in 1885, which declared that its land was to be conserved and never put up for sale or lease. Consisting of of land, the park is a habitat for bobcats, minks and fishers. There are some 400 black bears living in the region. The state operates numerous campgrounds and there are over of multi-use trails in the Park.

The Montauk Point State Park boasts the 1797 Montauk Lighthouse, commissioned under President George Washington, which is a major tourist attraction on the easternmost tip of Long Island. Hither Hills park offers camping and is a popular destination with surfcasting sport fishermen.

Counties

New York is divided into ''62 counties'':

Regions

''New York State is divided into eleven regions by the Department of Economic Development:''

# Chautaugua–Allegheny

# Niagara Frontier

# Finger Lakes

# Thousand Islands

Central New York Region>Central Region (formerly Central-Leatherstocking)

# Adirondack Mountains

# Catskill Mountains

# Hudson Valley

# Capital District

# New York City

# Long Island

''New York State is sometimes divided into eight major regions:''

* North Country New York

* Western New York

* Central New York

* Capital District

* Southern Tier

* Hudson Valley

* New York City

* Long Island

Cities

There are 62 cities in New York. The largest city in the state and the most populous city in the United States is New York City, which comprises five counties (boroughs): the Bronx, New York (Manhattan), Queens, Kings (Brooklyn), and Richmond (Staten Island). New York City is home to more than two-fifths of the state's population.

''The following are the ten largest cities in New York:''

# New York City (8,175,133)

Buffalo, New York>Buffalo (261,310)

Rochester, New York>Rochester (210,565)

Yonkers, New York>Yonkers (195,976)

Syracuse, New York>Syracuse (145,170)

Albany, New York>Albany (97,856)

New Rochelle, New York>New Rochelle (77,062)

Mount Vernon, New York>Mount Vernon (67,292)

Schenectady, New York>Schenectady (66,135)

Utica, New York>Utica (62,235)

The location of these cities within the state stays remarkably true to the major transportation and trade routes in the early 19th century, primarily the Erie Canal and railroads paralleling it. Today, Interstate 90 acts as a modern counterpart to commercial water routes.

''Grouped by metropolitan statistical area,'' ''the following are the twelve largest population centers in the state are:''

New York metropolitan area>New York City (18,815,988 in NY/New Jersey

Buffalo-Niagara Falls (1,128,183)

Rochester, NY MSA>Rochester (1,030,495)

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA>Albany and the Capital District (853,358)

Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY MSA>Poughkeepsie and the Hudson Valley (669,915)

Syracuse, NY MSA>Syracuse (645,293)

Utica-Rome, NY MSA>Utica-Rome (294,862)

Binghamton, NY MSA>Binghamton (246,426)

Kingston, NY MSA>Kingston (181,860)

Glens Falls, NY MSA>Glens Falls (128,886)

Ithaca, NY MSA>Ithaca (101,055)

Elmira, NY MSA>Elmira (88,015)

The smallest city is Sherrill, New York, located just west of the Town of Vernon in Oneida County. Albany is the state capital, and the Town of Hempstead is the civil township with the largest population. If it were a city, it would be the second largest in the state with over 700,000 residents.

The southern tip of New York State—New York City, its suburbs including Long Island, the southern portion of the Hudson Valley, and most of northern New Jersey—can be considered to form the central core of the Northeast megalopolis", a super-city stretching from the northern suburbs of Boston south to the Virginia suburbs of Washington D.C..

Demographics

Population

The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of New York was 19,465,197 on July 1, 2011, a 0.45% increase since the 2010 United States Census. In spite of the open land in the state, New York's population is very urban, with 92% of residents living in an urban area.

New York is a slow growing state with a large rate of domestic migration to other states. In 2000 and 2005, more people moved from New York to Florida than from any one state to another. However, New York State is one of the leading destinations for international immigration and thus has the second largest immigrant population in the country (after California) at 4.2 million as of 2008. Although Upstate New York receives considerable immigration, most of the state's immigrants settle in and around New York City, due to its more vibrant economy and cosmopolitan culture.

The center of population of New York is located in Orange County, in the town of Deerpark. New York City and its eight suburban counties (excluding those in New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania) have a combined population of 13,209,006 people, or 68.42% of the state's population.

Racial and ancestral makeup

According to the US Census Bureau, the 2010 racial makeup of New York State was as follows:

White – 65.7%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) – 17.6%

Black or African American – 15.9%

Asian – 7.3% (3.0% Chinese, 1.6% Indian, 0.7% Korean, 0.5% Filipino, 0.3% Pakistani, 0.3% Bangladeshi, 0.2% Japanese, 0.1% Vietnamese)

Two or more races – 3.0%

Native American/American Indian – 0.6%

The major ancestry groups in New York State are African American (15.8%), Italian (14.4%), Irish (12.9%), German (11.1%) and English (6%). According to a 2004 estimate, 20.4% of the population is foreign-born.

New York is home to the largest African American population and the second largest Asian American population in the United States. In addition it is home to the largest Puerto Rican, Dominican and Jamaican American populations in the continental United States. The New York City neighborhood of Harlem has historically been a major cultural capital for African-Americans of sub-Saharan descent, and Bedford Stuyvesant is the largest such population in the United States.

Queens, also in New York City, is home to the state's largest Asian-American population, and is also the most diverse county in the United States. The second concentration of Asian-Americans is in Manhattan's Chinatown. Queens is home to the largest Andean population (Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian and Bolivian) population in The United States of America.

In the 2000 Census, Italian Americans made up the largest ancestral group in Staten Island and Long Island, followed by Irish Americans. Albany and southeast-central New York also have populations with many of Irish-American and Italian-American descent. In Buffalo and western New York, German Americans are the largest group; in the northern tip of the state, French Canadians are. Americans of English ancestry are present throughout all of upstate New York. New York State has a higher number of Italian Americans than any other U.S. state.

6.5% of New York's population were under 5 years of age, 24.7% under 18, and 12.9% were 65 or older. Females made up 51.8% of the population.

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 13.61% of the population aged 5 and over speak Spanish at home, while 2.04% speak Chinese (including Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.65% Italian, and 1.23% Russian.

Religion

Catholics comprise more than 40% of the population in New York. Protestants are 30% of the population, Jews 8.4%, Muslims 3.5%, Buddhists 1%, and 13% claim no religious affiliation. The largest Protestant denominations are the United Methodist Church with 403,362; the American Baptist Churches USA with 203,297; and the Episcopal Church with 201,797 adherents.

Economy

New York's gross state product in 2010 was $1.16 trillion, ranking third in size behind the larger states of California and Texas. If New York were an independent nation, it would rank as the 16th largest economy in the world behind Turkey. Its 2007 per capita personal income was $46,364, placing it sixth in the nation behind Maryland, and eighth in the world behind Ireland. New York's agricultural outputs are dairy products, cattle and other livestock, vegetables, nursery stock, and apples. Its industrial outputs are printing and publishing, scientific instruments, electric equipment, machinery, chemical products, and tourism.

A recent review by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found 13 states, including several of the nation's largest, face budget shortfalls for FY2009. New York faces a deficit that could be as large as $4.3 billion.

New York exports a wide variety of goods such as foodstuffs, commodities, minerals, computers and electronics, cut diamonds, and automobile parts. In 2007, the state exported a total of $71.1 billion worth of goods, with the five largest foreign export markets being Canada ($15 billion), United Kingdom ($6 billion), Switzerland ($5.9 billion), Israel ($4.9 billion), and Hong Kong ($3.4 billion). New York's largest imports are oil, gold, aluminum, natural gas, electricity, rough diamonds, and lumber.

Canada is a very important economic partner for the state. 21% of the state's total worldwide exports went to Canada in 2007. Tourism from the north is also a large part of the economy. Canadians spent US$487 million in 2004 while visiting the state.

New York City is the leading center of banking, finance and communication in the United States and is the location of the New York Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in the world by dollar volume. Many of the world's largest corporations are based in the city.

The state also has a large manufacturing sector that includes printing and the production of garments, furs, railroad equipment and bus line vehicles. Many of these industries are concentrated in upstate regions. Albany and the Hudson Valley are major centers of nanotechnology and microchip manufacturing, while the Rochester area is important in photographic equipment and imaging.

New York is a major agricultural producer, ranking among the top five states for agricultural products such as dairy, apples, cherries, cabbage, potatoes, onions, maple syrup and many others. The state is the largest producer of cabbage in the U.S. The state has about a quarter of its land in farms and produced US$3.4 billion in agricultural products in 2001. The south shore of Lake Ontario provides the right mix of soils and microclimate for many apple, cherry, plum, pear and peach orchards. Apples are also grown in the Hudson Valley and near Lake Champlain.

New York is the nation's third-largest grape-producing state, behind California, and second-largest wine producer by volume. The south shore of Lake Erie and the southern Finger Lakes hillsides have many vineyards. In addition, the North Fork of Long Island developed vineyards, production and visitors' facilities in the last three decades of the 20th century. In 2004, New York's wine and grape industry brought US$6 billion into the state economy.

The state has of vineyards, 212 wineries, and produced 200 million bottles of wine in 2004. A moderately sized saltwater commercial fishery is located along the Atlantic side of Long Island. The principal catches by value are clams, lobsters, squid, and flounder. These areas of the economy have been increasing as environmental protection has led to an increase in ocean wildlife.

As of January 2010, the state's unemployment rate was 8.8%.

Transportation

New York has one of the most extensive and one of the oldest transportation infrastructures in the country. Engineering difficulties because of the terrain of the state and the unique issues of the city brought on by urban crowding have had to be overcome since the state was young. Population expansion of the state generally followed the path of the early waterways, first the Hudson River and then the Erie Canal. Today, railroad lines and the New York State Thruway follow the same general route. The New York State Department of Transportation is often criticized for how they maintain the roads of the state in certain areas and for the fact that the tolls collected along the roadway have long passed their original purpose. Until 2006, tolls were collected on the Thruway within The City of Buffalo. They were dropped late in 2006 during the campaign for Governor (both candidates called for their removal).

In addition to New York City's famous mass transit subway, four suburban commuter railroad systems enter and leave the city: the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, Port Authority Trans-Hudson, and five of New Jersey Transit's rail lines. Many other cities have urban and regional public transportation. In Buffalo, the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority runs the Buffalo Metro Rail light-rail system; in Rochester, the Rochester Subway operated from 1927 until 1956 but has fallen into disuse.

The New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (NYSDMV or DMV) is the governmental agency responsible for registering and inspecting automobiles and other motor vehicles as well as licensing drivers in the State of New York. As of 2008, the NYSDMV has 11,284,546 drivers licenses on file and 10,697,644 vehicle registrations in force. All gasoline powered vehicles registered in New York State must get an emissions inspection every 12 months. Diesel powered vehicles with a Gross Weight Rating over 8 500 lb that are registered in the NY Metropolitan Area must get an annual emissions inspection. All vehicles registered in NYS must get an annual safety inspection.

Portions of the transportation system are intermodal, allowing travelers to easily switch from one mode of transportation to another. One of the most notable examples is AirTrain JFK which allows rail passengers to travel directly to terminals at John F. Kennedy International Airport.

In May 2009, the New York City Department of Transportation under the control of Transportation Commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan banned cars from Times Square in a move designed to improve traffic flow and reduce pollution and pedestrian accidents. On February 11, 2010, Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the pedestrian plazas would remain permanent.

Politics and government

Under its present constitution (adopted in 1938), New York is governed by the same three branches that govern all fifty states of the United States: the executive branch, consisting of the Governor of New York and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch, consisting of the bicameral New York State Legislature (senate and assembly); and the judicial branch, consisting of the state's highest court, the New York Court of Appeals, and lower courts. The state has two U.S. senators, 29 members in the United States House of Representatives, and 31 electoral votes in national presidential elections (a drop from its 47 votes during the 1940s).

New York's capital is Albany. The state's subordinate political units are its 62 counties. Other officially incorporated governmental units are towns, cities, and villages. New York has more than 4,200 local governments that take one of these forms. About 52% of all revenue raised by local governments in the state is raised solely by the government of New York City, which is the largest municipal government in the United States, whereas New York City houses only 42% of the state population.

The state has a strong imbalance of payments with the federal government. New York State receives 82 cents in services for every $1 it sends in taxes to the federal government in Washington. The state ranks near the bottom, in 42nd place, in federal spending per tax dollar.

Many of New York's public services are carried out by public benefit corporations, frequently called ''authorities'' or ''development corporations''. Well known public benefit corporations in New York include the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which oversees New York City's public transportation system, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, a bi-state transportation infrastructure agency.

New York's legal system is explicitly based upon English common Law.

Federal representation

As of the 2000 census and the redistricting for the 2002 elections, the state has 29 members in the United States House of Representatives, and two U.S. senators. Two seats in the House will be lost in 2013 due to a decline in the state's rate of population growth. New York has 31 electoral votes in national presidential elections (a drop from its 47 votes during the 1940s).

New York is represented by Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand in the United States Senate and has 29 representatives to the United States House of Representatives, behind California's 53 congressional districts and Texas' 32 congressional districts.

Capital punishment

Capital punishment was reintroduced in 1995 under the Pataki administration but the statute was declared unconstitutional in 2004, when the New York Court of Appeals ruled in ''People v. LaValle'' that it violated the state constitution. The remaining death sentence was commuted by the court to life imprisonment in 2007, in ''People v. John Taylor'', and the death row was disestablished in 2008, under executive order from Governor Paterson. No execution has taken place in New York since 1963. Legislative efforts to amend the statute have failed, and death sentences are no longer sought at the state level, though certain crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the federal death penalty.

Politics

In the last few decades, New York State has generally supported candidates belonging to the Democratic Party in national elections. Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama won New York State by 25 percentage points in 2008, a bigger margin than John Kerry in 2004. New York City is a major Democratic stronghold with liberal politics. Many of the state's other urban areas, such as Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse are also Democratic. Rural upstate New York, however, is generally more conservative than the cities and tends to favor Republicans. Heavily populated Suburban areas such as Westchester County and Long Island have swung between the major parties over the past 25 years, but more often than not support Democrats.

Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.

New York City is the most important source of political fund-raising in the United States for both major parties. Four of the top five zip codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top zip code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2000 presidential campaigns of both George W. Bush and Al Gore.

Education

The University of the State of New York oversees all public primary, middle-level, and secondary education in the state, while the New York City Department of Education manages the public school system in New York City. In 1894, reflecting general racial discrimination, the state passed a law that allowed communities to set up schools for children of African-American descent. In 1900, the state passed another law requiring integrated schools.

At the post-secondary level, the statewide public university system is the State University of New York commonly refereed to as SUNY. New York City also has its own City University of New York which is additionally funded by the city. The SUNY system consists of 64 community colleges, technical colleges, undergraduate colleges and universities. The four university centers are University at Albany, Binghamton University, University at Buffalo and Stony Brook University.

In addition there are many notable private universities, including the oldest Catholic institution in the Northeast, Fordham University. New York is home to both Columbia University in New York City and Cornell University in Ithaca, making it the only state to contain more than one Ivy League school. Syracuse University is located in the City of Syracuse in Central New York. West Point, the service academy of the U.S. Army is located just south of Newburgh, on the banks of the Hudson River.

During the 2007–2008 school year, New York spent more per pupil on public education than any other state.

Sports

New York hosted the 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid. The 1980 Games are known for the USA–USSR hockey game dubbed the "Miracle on Ice" in which a group of American college students and amateurs defeated the heavily favored Soviet national ice hockey team 4–3 and went on to win the gold medal against Finland. Along with St. Moritz, Switzerland and Innsbruck, Austria, Lake Placid is one of the three cities to have hosted the Winter Olympic Games twice. New York City bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics but lost to London.

New York is the home of one National Football League team, the Buffalo Bills (based in the suburb of Orchard Park). Although the New York Giants and New York Jets represent the New York metropolitan area and were previously located in New York City, they play in MetLife Stadium, located in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Meadowlands stadium will host Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014. There has been much controversy over several proposals for a new New York Jets football stadium. The owners of the New York Jets were willing to split the $1.5 billion cost of building a new football stadium over Manhattan's West Side rail yards, but the proposal never came to fruition.

New York also has two Major League Baseball teams, the New York Yankees (based in the Bronx) and the New York Mets (based in Queens). New York is home to three National Hockey League franchises: the New York Rangers in Manhattan, the New York Islanders on Long Island and the Buffalo Sabres in Buffalo. New York has a National Basketball Association team, the New York Knicks, in Manhattan. The former New York Nets from 1968 to 1977 is now titled as a New Jersey team; however, plans to relocate to New York City are in the works. There are a variety of minor league teams that can be found all through the State of New York, such as the Long Island Ducks.

{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width: 43em;" |- ! colspan=3 | List of all New York State professional sports teams |- !Club !Sport !League |- |Buffalo Bills |Football |National Football League |- |New York Red Bulls |Soccer |Major League Soccer |- |New York Knicks |Basketball |National Basketball Association |- |New York Liberty |Basketball |Women's National Basketball Association |- |Rochester Raging Rhinos |Soccer |USL First Division |- |Buffalo Sabres |Ice hockey |National Hockey League |- |New York Islanders |Ice Hockey |National Hockey League |- |New York Rangers |Ice Hockey |National Hockey League |- |Adirondack Phantoms |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Albany River Rats |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Binghamton Senators |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Elmira Jackals |Ice Hockey |ECHL |- |Rochester Americans |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |Syracuse Crunch |Ice Hockey |American Hockey League |- |New York Mets |Baseball |National League |- |New York Yankees |Baseball |American League |- |Brooklyn Cyclones |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Staten Island Yankees |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Jamestown Jammers |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Batavia Muckdogs |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Auburn Doubledays |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Oneonta Tigers |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Tri-City Valley Cats |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Hudson Valley Renegades |Baseball |New York – Penn League |- |Binghamton Mets |Baseball |Eastern League |- |Buffalo Bisons |Baseball |International League |- |Rochester Red Wings |Baseball |International League |- |Syracuse Chiefs |Baseball |International League |- |Long Island Ducks |Baseball |Atlantic League of Professional Baseball |- |New York Dragons |Arena football |Arena Football League |- |Albany Conquest |Arena football |af2 |- |Long Island Lizards |Lacrosse |Major League Lacrosse |- |Rochester Rattlers |Lacrosse |Major League Lacrosse |- |Buffalo Bandits |Lacrosse |National Lacrosse League |- |Rochester Knighthawks |Lacrosse |National Lacrosse League |- |New York Titans |Lacrosse |National Lacrosse League |- |Brooklyn Wonders |Basketball |American Basketball Association |- |Buffalo Silverbacks |Basketball |American Basketball Association |- |Rochester Razorsharks |Basketball |American Basketball Association |- |Strong Island Sound |Basketball |American Basketball Association |- |Albany Patroons |Basketball |Continental Basketball Association |- |New York |Gaelic football |Gaelic Athletic Association |- |New York |hurling |Gaelic Athletic Association |}

See also

List of New York state symbols

List of people from New York

List of places in New York

National Register of Historic Places listings in New York

USS New York

References

Further reading

External links

General Government

State Government website

Governor

New York State Senate

New York State Assembly

New York State Unified Court System

Constitution of New York (or see 15px Wikisource)

Tourism and recreation

I ♥ New York

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation

Culture and history

New York State Historical Association

New York State Cultural Education Center

New York State Guide from the Library of Congress

Over 350 Photos of Old New York City (1890–1990)

Maps and Demographics

USGS geographic resources of New York

New York State Climate Office (NOAA and Cornell University)

New York State Fact Sheet

2000 Census of Population and Housing for New York, U.S. Census Bureau

OPENCities Monitor participant

Category:Former British colonies Category:States of the United States

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{{infobox television | show name

CSI: NY | image | caption ''CSI: NY'' title card | genre Police procedural / Drama | format Live action | runtime 40–45 minutes | distributor King World Productions (2006-2007)CBS Television Distribution (2007-present) Sony Pictures Television | picture_format 480i (SDTV),1080i (HDTV) | theme_music_composer Pete Townshend | opentheme "Baba O'Riley" by The Who | creator Anthony E. Zuiker Carol Mendelsohn Ann Donahue | starring Gary SiniseSela WardCarmine GiovinazzoAnna BelknapRobert JoyA. J. BuckleyHill HarperEddie CahillVanessa FerlitoMelina Kanakaredes | country United StatesCanada | network CBS | first_aired | last_aired present | language English | num_seasons 8 | num_episodes 162 | list_episodes List of CSI: NY episodes | related ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation''''CSI: Miami'' | website http://www.cbs.com/primetime/csi_ny/ }}

''CSI: NY'' (''Crime Scene Investigation: New York'') is an American police procedural television series that premiered on September 22, 2004, on CBS. The show follows the investigations of a team of NYPD forensic scientists and police officers as they unveil the circumstances behind mysterious and unusual deaths as well as other crimes. The series was the second indirect spin-off from the veteran series ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' and directly from ''CSI: Miami'' during an episode in which several of the ''CSI: NY'' characters made their first appearance. Currently the show airs on Fridays at 9pm/8c on CBS; in the UK it airs on Channel Five on Saturdays at 10pm with repeats usually shown on Five USA.

Originally, ''CSI: NY'' was produced in partnership with the Canadian media company Alliance Atlantis. The company dissolved after the third season in 2007 and all production is now done under the purview of CBS Paramount Television.

The show is filmed at the CBS Studio Center with many of the outside scenes shot in and around Los Angeles. Occasionally, scenes are filmed on location in New York City.

On December 3, 2010, ''CSI: NY'' aired its 150th episode.

On May 17, 2011, CBS renewed the show for an eighth season with 18 planned episodes.

Plot

A spin-off from ''CSI: Miami'', the third edition to the CSI franchise follows a New York City forensics team/police officers headed by tough former Marine Major, Det. Mac Taylor, and his newest partner, Det. Jo Danville, an experienced investigator from Washington, D.C., whose work is driven by her empathy for the victim. Against a backdrop of simmering ethnic and cultural tensions, Taylor probes cases similar to their Las Vegas and Miami counterparts, along with his team of detectives, consisting of Det. Danny Messer, Det. Lindsay Monroe, and Dr. Sheldon Hawkes. The CSIs work alongside Medical Examiner Sid Hammerback, lab technician Adam Ross, and hardcore homicide Det. Don Flack. Former team members include the late Det. Aiden Burn; Mac's former second-in-command, Det. Stella Bonasera; and the late homicide Det. Jessica Angell, who was Flack's girlfriend.

Cast

! width="4%"Sela WardCarmine GiovinazzoAnna BelknapRobert JoyA. J. BuckleyHill HarperEddie CahillVanessa FerlitoMelina Kanakaredes

rowspan="2"	Character !! rowspan="2"|Portrayed by !! rowspan="2"|Occupation !! colspan="8"|Seasons
1 !! width="4%"|2 !! width="4%"|3 !! width="4%"|4 !! width="4%"|5 !! width="4%"|6 !! width="4%"|7 !! width="4%"|8
Mac Taylor	Det. Mac Taylor	Gary Sinise	CSI Level 3 SupervisorHead of NYC Crime Lab >
Jo Danville	Det. Jo Danville	|	Detective First GradeCSI Level 3 Asst. Supervisor							Main
Danny Messer	Sgt. Danny Messer	|	SergeantCSI Level 3	Main
Lindsay Monroe	Det. Lindsay Monroe	|	Detective Third GradeCSI Level 3		Main
Sid Hammerback	Dr. Sid Hammerback	|	Chief Medical Examiner		Recurring			Main
Adam Ross	|	Lab Technician		Recurring			Main
Sheldon Hawkes	Det. Dr. Sheldon Hawkes	|	Detective Third GradeCSI Level 2	Main
Donald Flack, Jr.	Det. Don Flack	|	Detective First GradeHomicide Investigator	Main
Aiden Burn	Det. Aiden Burn	|	Detective Third GradeCSI Level 2	Main
Stella Bonasera	Det. Stella Bonasera	|	Detective First GradeCSI Level 3 Asst. Supervisor	Main

===Main characters===

CSI Detective First Grade: Mac Taylor (Gary Sinise) is the Head of the NYC Crime Lab and the leader of the CSI team. He was born in Chicago and considered working for the Chicago Police Department before he moved to New York City. The death of his wife, Claire Conrad Taylor, in the 9/11 attacks troubles him to this day, causing chronic insomnia. It was also noted in the first season that he kept a beach ball in his closet that once belonged to his wife; he stated he was unable to throw it away because it contained her breath. He served as a major in the United States Marine Corps with experience in the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing and Operation Desert Storm, once saying that he had wanted to serve the country more than anything else in the world. He later enjoys a relationship with Medical Examiner Peyton Driscoll, though she makes the painful decision to return to England, the country of her birth, after a year. Since then, Mac has dated casually, but remains married to his work.

CSI Detective First Grade: Josephine (Jo) Danville (Sela Ward) comes from Virginia, where she worked for the FBI. Her field of expertise is DNA evidence, and her philosophical point of view is that everyone is innocent until the science proves otherwise. She also has background in criminal psychology. She has one adopted daughter and a biological son from her previous marriage to a fellow FBI agent. Directly upon her arrival at the crime lab, she stumbles upon a dead body.

CSI Sergeant: Danny Messer (Carmine Giovinazzo) grew up in a family under surveillance. Danny formulated his own set of hybrid ethics, blending the world of lawbreakers with the world of lawmakers. Danny had a short-lived career in the music business, and was at one time an excellent baseball player. His elder brother Louie, seeking to protect Danny, is beaten into a coma by young mobsters he once ran with. Over the years, Danny proves his merit and earns the respect of his colleagues. He grows close to and marries CSI Lindsay Monroe, with whom he has a daughter, Lucy Messer. Danny Messer was promoted to the rank of Sergeant at the end of the series' seventh season.

CSI Detective Third Grade: Lindsay Monroe (Anna Belknap) worked as a CSI in Montana and finally realized her dream of moving to a big city like New York. Her northwestern work ethic and willingness to roll up her sleeves and tackle any job is a welcome addition to the team where she is quickly put through rookie training by Mac on their first case. She develops a friendly, sparring relationship with CSI Danny Messer, though she asks to slow down so she can focus on testifying at the trial of a horrific murder, in which the teenaged Lindsay witnessed three friends die. Later she marries Danny (after which he stops using his private nickname for her, "Montana") and bears their daughter Lucy Messer. Lindsay is awarded the Police Combat Cross by the NYPD for killing Shane Casey, a psychotic fugitive, in the Messer's own apartment while Lucy and Danny were in mortal danger, although she later throws the medal into a trash can.

Medical Examiner: Doctor Sid Hammerback (Robert Joy) is described as an "off-the-charts genius" who only recently traded in a career as a chef to become medical examiner. He has two college-aged daughters and at least two ex-wives. He has a habit of over-talking and over-sharing, which former ME Hawkes refers to as "going to that creepy place." Despite any eccentricities on his part, Sid is extremely perceptive and sincerely cares for the well-being of his coworkers.

Laboratory Technician: Adam Ross (A. J. Buckley) is a lab tech originally from Phoenix, Arizona. His specialty is trace evidence. He sometimes accompanies the CSIs to crime scenes to aid in reconstruction or evidence collection. Adam hints that his father was "a bully", and that he developed Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder traits in order to deal with his painful childhood. Outside the office, he dabbles in various subcultures, from Second Life gaming to dating a Suicide Girl, and is a textbook modern geek. CSI Stella Bonasera in particular develops a soft spot for the much younger Adam, and while the team is grieving and recovering from shared tragedy, she caves into his puppyish crush on her and takes him to bed.

CSI Detective Third Grade: Doctor Sheldon Hawkes (Hill Harper) is a former Medical Examiner with the NYC Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME). He was a child prodigy who graduated from college at age 18 and was a board-licensed surgeon by the age of 24 and had several years experience in the emergency room. He left surgery because the pain of losing two patients was too intense, despite doing all that medical science could do to save them. He has few relationships but they run deep: an ex-girlfriend he wanted to marry, and a new, recent love that is strong enough to weather some serious workplace fallout.

NYPD Homicide Detective First Grade: Don Flack (Eddie Cahill) comes from a long line of law enforcement officials. He bridges the gap between old-school NYPD and the new generation of CSI. He is a witty detective who has very little patience for the "bad guy," and his techniques are sometimes considered borderline, though effective. He is best friends with Danny Messer, and is always willing to lend an ear to Danny's problems. Despite being an NYPD strongman, Flack is emotionally mature and sympathetic to those in need. He developed a serious, long-term relationship with Detective Jessica Angell, who was later shot and killed.

CSI Detective Third Grade: Aiden Burn (Vanessa Ferlito) is a Brooklyn native who has the ability to adapt to new situations very quickly. Because the actress wanted to leave the series, the character is written out by being dismissed from the team (episode 2.02 "Grand Murder At Central Station") after becoming obsessed with a rape case. She considered planting evidence to implicate a suspect, D.J. Pratt, who had allegedly raped the same victim previously. She was later murdered and burned by Pratt, though she left the CSIs with enough implicating evidence she knew would result in a conviction. CSI Detective First Grade: Stella Bonasera (Melina Kanakaredes) is devoted to her job due to her strong personality, determination, and intelligence. She is a half-Greek, half-Italian orphan, who grew up moving from foster home to foster home due to the death of her mother in a traffic accident when Stella was just two years old (episode 5.24 "Grounds for Deception"). Because of this, the CSI team becomes her real family, and she watches over them like an elder sister as much as a supervisor. Due to actress Melina Kanakaredes not renewing her contract for the seventh season, the character, Stella, resigns from the NYPD Crime Lab and moves to New Orleans to run the NOPD Crime Lab.

Guest stars

''CSI: NY'' has cast a number of celebrity guest stars, including:

Kam Heskin

Aimee Garcia

Ed Asner

Brian Hallisay

Matt Barr

Michaela McManus

Kid Rock Nelly Furtado Joey Lawrence Emmanuelle Vaugier

Michael Clarke Duncan

Kathleen Munroe

Taylor Handley

Skeet Ulrich Marlee Matlin

Jamie Chung

Judd Nelson

Sasha Cohen

Maroon 5

Julia Ormond

Dianna Agron

Criss Angel

Suicide Girls

Chris Daughtry Rumer Willis Danica Patrick

TJ Thyne

Ne-Yo Nelly Ashlee Simpson Pete Wentz John McEnroe Katharine McPhee Craig T. Nelson

Shailene Woodley

Rachelle Lefèvre

Mia Kirshner

Mykelti Williamson

Kellan Lutz

Rex Ryan Kyle Gallner Charles Shaughnessy Peter Fonda Edward Furlong

Deanna Russo

Paul Wesley

Pat Monahan and Train Kim Kardashian Vanessa Minnillo

Ryan Bittle

La La Vasquez

Jackson Davis

Andrew Lawrence

Carlo Rota

Alex Max Band

James Badge Dale

Edward James Olmos

In 2009, guest actor Ed Asner received an Emmy nomination for his role in episode 5.22 "Yahrzeit".

Episodes

Crossovers

"MIA/NYC NonStop" (''CSI: Miami'' episode): Evidence recovered at the scene of a double homicide, in which a husband and wife were murdered in their upscale home, leads Horatio to believe that the killer lives in New York. When he arrives in the Big Apple, Horatio is assisted by Det. Mac Taylor (Gary Sinise) who suspects that the murder of a New York undercover cop is linked to the Miami crimes.

"Manhattan Manhunt": A crossover episode that began on ''CSI: Miami'''s "Felony Flight" concludes with escaped serial killer Henry Darius murdering a group of teens in a luxury apartment where he tries to steal millions of dollars from a high-tech security vault.

"Cold Reveal": Stella becomes a murder suspect in a Philadelphia cold case when Detective Scotty Valens (of ''Cold Case'') visits the lab and tells her that her DNA matches the evidence. Meanwhile, Mac's career is jeopardized when an internal investigation is opened against him.

"Hammer Down": Ray Langston of the Las Vegas crime lab tracks a human-trafficking ring that specializes in black-market organ harvesting to New York, where he assists Mac in attempting to free a hostage taken by the criminal group. The story begins on ''CSI: Miami'' ("Bone Voyage"), continues on ''CSI: NY'', and concludes on ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' ("The Lost Girls").

Reception

Franchise

Like ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' and ''CSI: Miami'', ''CSI: NY'' has spawned a series of comic books and novels, and a video game based on the show.

Nielsen ratings

Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of ''CSI: NY'' on CBS:

''Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.''

Season	Episodes	Season Premiere	Season Finale	TV Season	Rank	Viewers(in millions)
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 22, 2004	May 18, 2005	style="text-align:center"	#21	13.59
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 28, 2005	May 17, 2006	style="text-align:center"	#22	14.04
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 20, 2006	May 16, 2007	style="text-align:center"	#25	13.92
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 26, 2007	May 21, 2008	style="text-align:center"	#28	11.71
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 24, 2008	May 14, 2009	style="text-align:center"	#17	13.50
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 23, 2009	May 26, 2010	style="text-align:center"	#23	12.66
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 24, 2010	May 13, 2011	style="text-align:center"	#37	10.73
! style="background:#F9F9F9;text-align:center"		September 23, 2011	Spring 2012	style="text-align:center"	TBA	TBA

Releases

DVD releases

DVD Name !! rowspan="3"
DVD region code>Region 1 !! colspan="3"
!Full season!! Part 1 !! Part 2 !! Full season
The Complete First Season		October 18, 2005	October 24, 2005	March 27, 2006	March 27, 2006
The Complete Second Season		October 17, 2006	September 19, 2006	December 5, 2006	October 23, 2006
The Complete Third Season		October 9, 2007	April 30, 2007	October 15, 2007	October 15, 2007
The Fourth Season		September 23, 2008	July 14, 2008	October 27, 2008	October 27, 2008
The Fifth Season		September 29, 2009	August 10, 2009	September 7, 2009	September 7, 2009
The Sixth Season		October 26, 2010	N/A	N/A	September 20, 2010
The Seventh Season		September 27, 2011	N/A	N/A	Early 2012

Up through the fifth season, Region 2 DVD releases have followed a pattern whereby each season is progressively released in two parts (each of 11 or 12 episodes [with the exception of season four, in which part 2 had 9 episodes], with special features split up) before finally being sold as a single box set.

Online sales

Country !! Store !! Available Seasons
United Kingdom	UK	Demand Five	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6
France	TF1 vision
United States	USA	iTunes Store
Germany	VOXnow
Hong Kong	Deltamac

Broadcast history

United States broadcast history

First run: Broadcast on CBS from September 2004 to May 2010 on Wednesdays 10pm/9c; as of September 2010 on Fridays 9pm/8c. Repeats: Spike TV acquired the rerun rights to ''CSI: NY'' in November 2004. Both A&E; and Spike TV share the rerun rights to the crossover episodes (with ''CSI: Miami'') "Felony Flight" and "Manhattan Manhunt". Spike TV began sharing the rights to air ''CSI: NY'' with TNT. Spike TV airs the show in the daytime (1–3pm) and early evening (5–7pm), leaving TNT to air the show in primetime.

United Kingdom broadcast history

First run: Broadcast on Five at 9pm on Saturday nights

Repeats: Repeats are shown on Five and Five USA

Five broadcasts the newest season of ''CSI:NY'' from January alongside the newest season ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'', both shows end in May/June. ''CSI: Miami'' begins to run from July and when that finishes in December, ''CSI: NY'' and ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' are ready to run the cycle again. Five does not split up the seasons with breaks for Christmas, etc. They run the season each week until it reaches the last episode.

See also

CSI (franchise)

''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation''

''CSI: Miami''

References

External links

''CSI: NY'' at CBS

''CSI: NY'' at TV.com

''CSI: NY'' at Yahoo! TV

''CSI: NY'' Episode Guide at CSI Files

Category:2000s American television series Category:2004 American television series debuts Category:2010s American television series Category:American drama television series Category:CBS network shows Category:Crime television series Category:English-language television series Category:Fictional portrayals of the New York City Police Department Category:Channel 5 (UK) television programmes Category:Police procedural television series Category:Television series by Alliance Atlantis Category:Television series by CBS Paramount Television Category:Television shows set in New York City Category:Television spin-offs

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name	Gary Sinise
birth name	Gary Alan Sinise
birth date	March 17, 1955
birth place	Blue Island, Illinois, U.S.
occupation	Actor, director
years active	2009–present
spouse	}}

Gary Alan Sinise (; born March 17, 1955) is an American actor, film director and musician. During his career, Sinise has won various awards including an Emmy and a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award. In 1992, Sinise directed, and played the role of George Milton in the successful film adaptation ''Of Mice and Men''. Sinise was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1994 for his role as Lt. Dan Taylor in ''Forrest Gump''. He won a Golden Globe Award for his role in ''Truman,'' as Harry S. Truman. In 1996, he played a corrupt police officer in the dramatic hit ''Ransom,'' Detective Jimmy Shaker. In 1998, Sinise was awarded an Emmy Award for the television film ''George Wallace'', a portrayal of the late George C. Wallace. Since 2004, Sinise has starred in CBS's ''CSI: NY'' as Detective Mac Taylor.

Early life

Sinise was born in Blue Island, Illinois, the son of Mylles S. (née Alsip; b. 1932) and Robert L. Sinise (b. 1931), the latter of whom was a film editor. He is of part Italian ancestry. He attended Highland Park High School, in Highland Park, Illinois, and continued his education at State University of New York at Oneonta, in Oneonta, New York. In 1974, Sinise and two friends, Terry Kinney and Jeff Perry, founded the Steppenwolf Theatre Company. Since its founding, Steppenwolf has showcased the talents of such notable actors as Joan Allen, Kevin Anderson, Gary Cole, Ethan Hawke, Glenne Headly, John Mahoney, John Malkovich, Laurie Metcalf, Martha Plimpton, Jim True-Frost and most recently William Petersen. At Steppenwolf, Sinise honed his acting and directing skills, received a Joseph Jefferson Award for his direction of Lyle Kessler's play Orphans, that took him from Chicago, to New York to London's West End, and worked on more than thirty of the company's productions.

Career

In 1982, Sinise's career began to take off when he directed and starred in Steppenwolf's production of ''True West''. In 1983, he earned an Obie Award for his direction and a year later appeared with John Malkovich in the PBS' ''American Playhouse'' production of the play. In 1988, Sinise directed ''Miles from Home'', a film starring Richard Gere, about two brothers' fight against the foreclosure of the family farm. Sinise has appeared in many films including: ''Forrest Gump'', ''Of Mice and Men'' (which he directed), ''Apollo 13'', ''Reindeer Games'', ''Snake Eyes'', ''Ransom'', ''Mission to Mars'', ''The Stand'' and ''Impostor''. He narrated the audio books for John Steinbeck's ''Travels with Charley''. He also had a role in the film ''The Green Mile'' also starring Tom Hanks.

In 2004, he began his first regular television series, in the crime drama ''CSI: New York'', in which he plays Detective Mac Taylor. He was credited as a producer from season 2 onwards and wrote the storyline of an episode. Several episodes have allowed Sinise to demonstrate his musical prowess, including a Season 2 episode where Mac Taylor plays the bass guitar in a jazz club with musicians Kimo and Carol Williams and Danny Gottlieb, members of the Lt. Dan Band, which Sinise and Kimo Williams co-founded in 2003. The band is named for Sinise's character in ''Forrest Gump''.

Apart from his television and movie work, Sinise is the host in the video for the Epcot ride Mission: SPACE, at Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida and a model for Baume & Mercier watches. He co-founded Operation Iraqi Children. Sinise said, "Iraq is in the news every day, and most of it is bad. But there are some positive stories. And how our soldiers are rebuilding schools and helping kids is one of them."

Sinise is the narrator for the Discovery Channel's mini series ''When We Left Earth'' in 2008.

Sinise was awarded the Presidential Citizen Medal by George W. Bush for work he did supporting the U.S Military and humanitarian work supporting Iraqi children.

Sinise narrated Army and Army Reserve Army Strong recruitment ads in late 2008.

Sinise is the executive producer—along with David Scantling—of the Iraq War documentary ''Brothers at War''. The film features an American military family and the experiences of three brothers: Jake Rademacher, Isaac Rademacher and Joseph Rademacher.

Since 2006, Sinise has co-narrated the National Memorial Day Concert on the Mall in Washington, D.C. with Joe Mantegna.

Sinise serves as the National Spokesperson for the American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial. He spends much of his time raising awareness for the Memorial and other veterans' service organizations.

In November 2009, Sinise narrated the highly acclaimed "World War II in HD" on the History Channel. In 2010 he narrated the World War II documentary "Missions That Changed The War" on the Military Channel.

Since late 2002, he started the Cadillac commercials starting with the 2002–2003 Season's Best commercial and has been with the Break Through campaign since it started the campaign in the 2002 Super Bowl with Led Zeppelin's Rock and Roll then ended in late 2006.

Personal life

Sinise has been married to actress Moira Harris since 1981 and they have three children: Sophie Anne (b. 1988), Michael Alexander (b. 1990), and Ella Jane (b. 1992). In 2003, Sinise was awarded an honorary doctorate in humane letters by Amherst College. Sinise converted to his wife's Roman Catholic faith.

He has devoted countless hours to the National Vietnam Veterans Arts Museum now called the National Veterans Art Museum. On June 8, 2011, he put on a real space suit to become one of the few people to fly in a U-2 spy plane at up to 70,000 feet.

Politics

Sinise's name was in an advertisement in the ''Los Angeles Times'' (August 17, 2006) that condemned Hamas and Hezbollah and supported Israel in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.

In June 2008, Sinise donated $2,300 to the Republican Presidential primary campaign of Arizona Senator John McCain.

Nicolle Wallace, a former adviser to George W. Bush and the presidential campaign of John McCain, stated in May 2009 that she believed Sinise could help bring about a resurgence of the Republican Party. Wallace stated, "The natural strengths that an actor brings to politics would come in handy to anyone going up against Obama in 2012. We will need an effective communicator who can stand toe to toe with Obama’s eloquence." Other names mentioned were those of Generals David Petraeus and Ray Odierno. Sinise later stated he had no intention of entering politics. Sinise narrates the online virtual tour for the Ronald Reagan Presidential library and spoke at the centennial celebration of Reagan's birth at the library in February 2011.

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1984		Motorcyclist	(TV)
1984		Austin	(TV broadcast of the play)
1989	''''	Richard Ben-Veniste	(TV)
1989	''My Name Is Bill W.''	Ebby, Bill's best friend	(TV)
1991	''''	Tom Joad	(TV)
1992		George Milton	Also directed
1992	''''	Vance 'Mother' Wilkins
1992	''''	Young Soldier	(TV)
1993	''Jack the Bear''	Norman Strick
1994	''Forrest Gump''	Lt. Dan Taylor
1994	''''	Stu Redman	(TV miniseries)Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
1995		Harry S. Truman	(TV)CableACE Award for Best Actor in a Movie or MiniseriesGolden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television FilmScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television MovieNominated — Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a Movie
1995		Ken Mattingly	Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
1995	''''	The Marshal
1996		Det. Jimmy Shaker
1996	''Albino Alligator''	Milo
1997		George C. Wallace	(TV)CableACE Award for Best Actor in a Movie or MiniseriesPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a MovieSatellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television FilmScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television MovieNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
1998		Commander Kevin Dunne
1999	''''	Burt Hammersmith
1999		Morgan
1999		Tom Daley	(TV)
2000		Dino Battaglia
2000		Spencer Olham
2000	''Mission to Mars''	Jim McConnell
2000	''Reindeer Games''	Gabriel Mercer
2002	''''	Foster Pearse
2002	''Path to War''	George Wallace
2002	''Made-Up''	Duncan Tivey
2003		Terry	(TV)
2003	''''	Nathan Zuckerman
2003	''Mission: SPACE''	Capcom
2004–05	''CSI: Miami''	Det. Mac Taylor	(TV series), Two episodes
2004	''''	Dr. Jack Munce
2004–present	''CSI: NY''	Det. Mac Taylor	(TV series)
2004	''''	Ray Ritchie
2006		Shaw	(voice)
2008	''When We Left Earth''	Narrator	(TV)
2009	''On the Road in Iraq With Our Troops and Gary Sinise''	Himself
2009	''WWII in HD''	Narrator	(TV)
2010		Devon Johnson

References

External links

Gary Sinise Bio at CBS – ''CSI: NY''

Lt. Dan Band homepage

Steppenwolf Theatre Company

Operation Iraqi Children

"Sinise: A Man for All Services" by Andrew Breitbart (''Washington Times'' December 15, 2008)

"Lt. Dan rocks out" by Sarah Feldberg (Las Vegas Weekly 9/4/09)

Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Illinois Category:American people of Italian descent Category:American film actors Category:American film directors of Italian descent Category:American musicians of Italian descent Category:American Roman Catholics Category:American television actors Category:American television directors Category:American television producers Category:American bass guitarists Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:Illinois Republicans Category:California Republicans Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Obie Award recipients Category:People from Blue Island, Illinois Category:People from the Greater Los Angeles Area Category:Illinois State University alumni Category:Presidential Citizens Medal recipients

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