Name	Southern Gospel Music
Bgcolor	#a0522d
Color	white
Stylistic origins	Sacred Harp music, shape note singing, hymns
Cultural origins	Late 19th century white and Native Americans who practiced evangelical Christianity
Instruments	Originally, no or few instruments were used; those used included the piano and (in some regions) banjo
Popularity	Originally popularized through circuit preachers, then through radio, and most recently through Gaither Homecoming videos
Subgenrelist	List of gospel music genres
Subgenres	Bluegrass gospel - Country gospel
Fusiongenres	CCM
Other topics	Gospel Music Association - Christian music - National Gospel Singing Convention - Southern Gospel Museum and Hall of Fame }}

Southern Gospel music—at one time also known as "quartet music"—is music whose lyrics are written to express either personal or a communal faith regarding biblical teachings and Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music. Southern Gospel is a genre of Christian music, and its name comes from its origins in the southeastern United States.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Southern Gospel varies according to culture and social context. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace.

Origins

The date of Southern Gospel's establishment as a distinct genre is generally considered to be 1910, the year the first professional quartet was formed for the purpose of selling songbooks for the James D. Vaughan Music Publishing Company. Nonetheless the style of the music itself had existed for at least 35 years prior although the traditional wisdom that Southern Gospel music was "invented" in the 1870s by circuit preacher Everett Beverly is spurious. The existence of the genre prior to 1910 is evident in the work of Charles Davis Tillman (1861–1943), who popularized "The Old Time Religion", wrote "Life's Railway to Heaven" and published 22 songbooks.

Southern Gospel is sometimes called "quartet music" by fans because of the originally all-male, tenor-lead-baritone-bass quartet make-up. Early quartets were typically either a cappella or accompanied only by piano or guitar, and in some cases a piano and banjo. Over time, full bands were added and even later, pre-record accompaniments were introduced. A typical modern Southern Gospel group performs with pre-recorded tracks augmented by a piano player and possibly a few other musicians.

Some of the genre's roots can be found in the publishing work and "normal schools" of Aldine S. Kieffer and Ephraim Ruebush. Southern Gospel was promoted by traveling singing school teachers, quartets, and shape note music publishing companies such as the A. J. Showalter Company (1879) and the Stamps-Baxter Music and Printing Company. Over time, Southern Gospel came to be an eclectic musical form with groups singing black gospel-influenced songs, traditional hymns, ''a capella'' (jazz-style singing with no instruments) songs, country gospel, bluegrass, and "convention songs" (which were more difficult). Because it grew out of the musical traditions of rural white people in the South, it is sometimes called "white gospel", to differentiate it from black gospel.

Convention songs typically have contrasting homophonic and contrapuntal sections. In the homophonic sections, the four parts sing the same words and rhythms. In the contrapuntal sections, each group member has a unique lyric and rhythm. These songs are called "convention songs" because various conventions were organized across the United States for the purpose of getting together regularly and singing songs in this style. Convention songs were employed by training centers like the Stamps-Baxter School Of Music as a way to teach quartet members how to concentrate on singing their own part. Examples of convention songs include "Heavenly Parade," "I'm Living In Canaan Now," "Give the World a Smile," and "Heaven's Jubilee."

In the first decades of the twentieth century, Southern Gospel drew much of its creative energy from the Holiness movement churches that arose throughout the south. Early gospel artists such as Smith's Sacred Singers, The Speer Family, The Stamps Quartet, The Blackwood Family, and The Lefevre Trio achieved wide popularity through their recordings and radio performances in the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. On October 20, 1927, The Stamps Quartet recorded its early hit "Give The World A Smile" for Victor, which become the Quartet's theme song. The Stamps Quartet was heard on the radio throughout Texas and the South.

Others such as Homer Rodeheaver and the Cathedral Quartet became well-known through their association with popular evangelists such as Billy Sunday and Rex Humbard.

Representative Artists

Some of the best known Southern Gospel male quartets from various decades include The Blackwood Brothers, Brian Free and Assurance, The Cathedral Quartet, Ernie Haase & Signature Sound, The Florida Boys, The Gaither Vocal Band, Gold City, The Inspirations, Jake Hess and the Imperials, The Kingdom Heirs Quartet, The Kingsmen Quartet, Legacy Five, The Oak Ridge Boys, The Stamps Quartet, The Statesmen Quartet, and The Triumphant Quartet.

Although the genre has been known for its all-male quartets, trios and duos have been a vital element of Southern Gospel for most of the genre's history. From decades past, pioneer groups like The Booth Brothers, Chuck Wagon Gang, The Cook Family Singers, The Happy Goodman Family, The LeFevres, The Lesters, Speer Family, The Rambos, and The Bill Gaither Trio paved the way for modern mixed quartets and family-based lineups such as The Crabb Family, Greater Vision, The Hinsons, The Hoppers, The Isaacs, Jeff and Sheri Easter, The Lewis Family, The Martins, The McKameys, The Perrys, The Ruppes, The Talley Trio. The genre also has a growing number of popular soloists. Many of these gained their initial popularity with a group before launching out on their own as soloists. Some of the most popular of these have been Jimmie Davis, Mark Bishop, Jason Crabb, Ivan Parker, Squire Parsons, and Janet Paschal. Southern Gospel was an early influence on popular secular performers such as Patsy Cline, Tennessee Ernie Ford, and Elvis Presley.

:Articles on individual Southern Gospel artists can be found at Southern Gospel performers.

Gaither Homecoming Series

Traditional Southern Gospel music underwent a tremendous surge in popularity during the 1990s thanks to the efforts of Bill and Gloria Gaither and their Gaither Homecoming tours and videos, which began as a reunion of many of the best known and loved SGM individuals in 1991. Thanks in part to the Homecoming series, Southern Gospel music now has fans across the United States and in a number of foreign countries like Ireland and Australia.

Today's Southern Gospel

Although still primarily "old-timey quartet singing," Southern Gospel was evolving by the 1990s to include more soloists and duos. It was most popular in the Southeast and Southwest, but it had a nationwide audience. The music remained "more country than city, more down-home than pretentious".

In 2005, ''The Radio Book'', a broadcast yearbook published by M Street Publications, reported 285 radio stations in the USA with a primary format designation as "Southern Gospel," including 175 AM stations and 110 FM stations. In fact, "Southern Gospel" was the 9th most popular format for AM stations and the 21st most popular for FM. Southern Gospel radio promoters routinely service more than a thousand radio stations which play at least some Southern Gospel music each week. Recent years have also seen the advent of a number of internet-only Southern Gospel "radio" stations.

Two popular satellite stations that feature Southern Gospel are channel 34 on XM Satellite Radio and Channel 67 On Sirius Satellite Radio. Both play the same feed entitled, "Enlighten on SiriusXm". Enlighten plays Southern Gospel and has several featured programs which air weekly including ''Paul Heil's Gospel Greats'' and ''Bill Gaither's Homecoming Radio''.

Over the last decade, a newer version of Southern Gospel has grown in popularity. This style is called Progressive Southern Gospel and is characterized by a blend of traditional Southern Gospel, Bluegrass, modern country, contemporary Christian and pop music elements. Progressive Southern Gospel generally features artists who push their voices to produce a sound with an edge to it. The traditional style Southern Gospel singers employ a more classical singing style.

Lyrically, most Progressive Southern Gospel songs are patterned after traditional Southern Gospel in that they maintain a clear evangelistic and/or testimonial slant. Southern Gospel purists view lyrical content and the underlying musical style as the key determining factors for applying the Southern Gospel label to a song.

Although there are some exceptions, most Southern Gospel songs would not be classified as Praise and Worship. Few Southern Gospel songs are sung "to" God as opposed to "about" God. On the other hand, Southern Gospel lyrics are typically overt in their Christian message unlike Contemporary Christian music (CCM) which sometimes has "double entendre" lyrics which could be interpreted as being about a devout love for God or an earthly love for a man or woman. Southern Gospel fans have been among the most vocal critics of such CCM songs particularly if they "cross over" and receive recognition through airplay on mainstream radio.

Southern Gospel Media

Becoming popular through songbooks, such as those published by R. E. Winsett of Dayton, Tennessee, Southern Gospel was and is one of the few genres to use recordings, radio, and television technologies from the very beginning for the advancements of promoting the genre.

One of the longest running print magazines for Southern Gospel music has been the Singing News. They started in the early 1970s supplying radio airplay charts and conducting annual fan based awards. They also supply popular topic forums for Southern Gospel fans to meet and discuss the genre. The move to internet services has brought along companies such as SoGospelNews.com which has become a noted e-zine forum for Southern Gospel and has remained a supporter for the past twelve years. It too contains the music charts with forums and chat rooms available to the fans.

Internet Radio has broadened the Southern Gospel Music fanbase by using computer technologies and continual streaming. Some of these media outlets are: Sunlite Radio which features many of the Southern Gospel programs likewise heard on traditional radio. This list includes The Gospel Greats with Paul Heil, which recently celebrated 30 years on the air, Southern Gospel USA, a weekly half hour countdown show hosted by Gary Wilson, Classic radio programs such as The Old Gospel Ship and Heaven's Jubilee with Jim Loudermilk. Another online station is "The Gospel Station."

See also

References

Suggested reading

Beary , Shirley L. "The Stamps-Baxter Music and Printing Company: A Continuing Tradition, 1926–1976." D.M.A. dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1977.

Brobston, Stanley. “A Brief History of White Southern Gospel Music.” Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1977.

Downey, James C. “The Music of American Revivalism.” Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, 1968.

Collins, Mike and Gaither, Bill "Hold On: The Authorized Biography of the Greenes, America's Southern Gospel Trio" Woodland Press LLC, 2004. ISBN 0-9724867-6-3.

Eskew, Harry. “Shape-Note Hymnody in the Shenandoah Valley, 1816-60.” Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, 1966.

Fleming, Jo Lee. “James D. Vaughan, Music Publisher.” S.M.D. dissertation, Union Theological Seminary (Richmond, VA), 1972.

Goff, James R. Jr. "Close Harmony: A History Of Southern Gospel" University Of North Carolina Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8078-5346-1

Graves, Michael P. and Fillingim , David "More than Precious Memories: The Rhetoric of Southern Gospel Music" Mercer University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-86554-857-9.

Terrell, Bob "The Music Men: The Story of Professional Gospel Quartet Singing in America" B. Terrell, 1990. ISBN 1-878894-00-5.

External links

www.sunlite-radio.com -- Sunlite Radio

www.cjca.ca -- AM930 CJCA, Edmonton Alberta

stampsbaxterschool.com -- The Stamps-Baxter School of Music

www.hymnlyric.com -- Public domain Southern Gospel Hymn Lyrics

www.enlighten34.com -- Enlighten34

www.whoswhoingospelmusic.com -- Who's Who in Gospel Music]

Category:Gospel music genres

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