A wharf, or quay (, or ; ) is a structure on the shore of a harbor where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths (mooring locations), and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships.

A wharf commonly comprises a fixed platform, often on pilings. Commercial ports may have warehouses that serve as interim storage areas, since the typical objective is to unload and reload vessels as quickly as possible. Where capacity is sufficient a single wharf with a single berth constructed along the land adjacent to the water is normally used; where there is a need for more capacity multiple wharves, or perhaps a single large wharf with multiple berths, will instead be constructed, sometimes projecting into the water. A pier, raised over the water rather than within it, is commonly used for cases where the weight or volume of cargos will be low.

Smaller and more modern wharves are sometimes built on flotation devices (pontoons) to keep them at the same level to the ship even during changing tides.

In everyday parlance the term ''quay'' is common in the United Kingdom and many other Commonwealth countries, whereas the term ''wharf'' is more common in North America. In commercial/industrial usage ''wharf'' is typically avoided with ''quay'' being used to refer to the berthing areas, and ''port'' and ''terminal'' being used to refer to the overall structures and locations. ''Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms'' quotes the ''New York Times'' as saying "a quay is a docking facility at which vessels lie parallel to the shoreline." In some contexts ''wharf'' and ''quay'' may be used to mean pier, berth, or jetty, though these uses are not addressed here.

In old ports such as London (which once had around 1700 wharves ) many old wharves have been converted to residential or office use.

Etymology

The word comes from the Old English ''hwearf'', meaning "bank" or "shore", and its plural is either ''wharfs'', or, especially in American English, ''wharves''; collectively a group of these is referred to as a ''wharfing'' or ''wharfage''. "Wharfage" also refers to a fee ports impose on ships against the amount of cargo handled there.

In the northeast and east of England the term ''staithe'' or ''staith'' (from the Norse for landing stage) is also used. For example Dunston Staiths in Gateshead and Brancaster Staithe in Norfolk. However, the term ''staithe'' may also be used to refer only to loading chutes or ramps used for bulk commodities like coal in loading ships and barges.'' It has been suggested that wharf actually is an acronym for ''ware-house at river front'', but this is a backronym, spread around as a fact by tour guides on Thames river boats.

Another explanation may be that the word ''wharf'' comes from the Dutch word "werf" which means 'yard', an outdoor place where work is done, like a shipyard or a lumberyard.

References

See also

Canal basin

Dock

Jetty

Pier

Safeguarded wharf

Port

Category:Commercial item transport and distribution Category:Coastal construction Category:Port infrastructure

bg:Кей de:Kai (Hafen) es:Muelle eo:Varfo fa:بندرگاه fr:Appontement io:Warfo id:Dermaga it:Banchina he:רציף ימי lb:Quai ms:Dermaga nl:Kade ja:埠頭 no:Brygge nn:Kai pl:Nabrzeże pt:Ancoradouro ru:Пристань sv:Kaj (sjöfart) vi:Khu bến cảng wuu:码头 zh:碼頭

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	The Brothers Quay
birth date	June 17, 1947 (identical twins)
birth place	Norristown, Pennsylvania, U.S.
occupation	film director animators
awards	}}

Stephen and Timothy Quay (born June 17, 1947 in Norristown, Pennsylvania) are American identical twin brothers better known as the Brothers Quay or Quay Brothers. They are influential stop-motion animators. They are the recipients of the 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design for their work on the play ''The Chairs''.

Careers

The Quay Brothers reside and work in England, having moved there in 1969 to study at the Royal College of Art, London after studying illustration at the Philadelphia College of Art, now the University of the Arts in Philadelphia. In England they made their first short films, which no longer exist after the only print was irreparably damaged. They spent some time in the Netherlands in the 1970s and then returned to England where they teamed up with another Royal College student, Keith Griffiths, who produced all of their films. The trio formed Koninck Studios in 1980, which is currently based in Southwark, south London.

The Quay Brothers' works (1979–present) show a wide range of often esoteric influences, starting with the Polish animators Walerian Borowczyk and Jan Lenica and continuing with the writers Franz Kafka, Bruno Schulz, Robert Walser and Michel de Ghelderode, puppeteers Wladyslaw Starewicz and Richard Teschner and composers Leoš Janáček, Zdeněk Liška and Leszek Jankowski, the last of whom has created many original scores for their work. Czech animator Jan Švankmajer, for whom they named one of their films (''The Cabinet of Jan Švankmajer''), is also frequently cited as a major influence, but they actually discovered his work relatively late, in 1983, by which time their characteristic style and preoccupations had been fully formed. At a panel discussion with Daniel Bird and Andrzej Klimowski at the Aurora festival Norwich they emphasized the more significant influence on their work was Walerian Borowczyk, who made both animation shorts and live-action features.

Most of their animation films feature puppets made of doll parts and other organic and inorganic materials, often partially disassembled, in a dark, moody atmosphere. Perhaps their best known work is ''Street of Crocodiles'', based on the short novel of the same name by the Polish author and artist Bruno Schulz. This short film was selected by director and animator Terry Gilliam as one of the ten best animated films of all time, and critic Jonathan Romney included it on his list of the ten best films in any medium (for Sight and Sound's 2002 critics' poll). They have made two feature-length live action films: ''Institute Benjamenta, or This Dream People Call Human Life'' and ''The Piano Tuner Of Earthquakes''. They also directed an animated sequence in the film Frida.

With very few exceptions, their films have no meaningful spoken dialogue—most have no spoken content at all, while some, like The Comb (1990) include multilingual background gibberish that is not supposed to be coherently understood. Accordingly, their films are highly reliant on their music scores, many of which have been written especially for them by the Polish composer Leszek Jankowski. In 2000, they contributed a short film to the BBC's Sound On Film series in which they visualised a 20-minute piece by the avant-garde composer Karlheinz Stockhausen. Whenever possible, the Quays prefer to work with pre-recorded music, though Gary Tarn's score for The Phantom Museum had to be added afterwards when it proved impossible to licence music by the Czech composer Zdeněk Liška.

They have created music videos for His Name Is Alive ("Are We Still Married", "Can't Go Wrong Without You"), Michael Penn ("Long Way Down (Look What the Cat Drug In)") and 16 Horsepower ("Black Soul Choir"). Some people mistakenly believe that the Quays are responsible for several music videos for Tool, but those videos were created by Fred Stuhr and member Adam Jones, whose work is influenced by the Quays. Although they worked on Peter Gabriel's seminal video "Sledgehammer" (1986) as animators, this was directed by Stephen R. Johnson and the Quays were unhappy with their contribution, believing it to be more imitative of Švankmajer's work than truly distinctive in its own right.

Before turning to film, the Quays worked as professional illustrators. The first edition of Anthony Burgess' novel "The Clockwork Testament, or Enderby's End", feature their drawings before the start of each chapter. Nearly three decades before directly collaborating with Stockhausen, they designed the cover of the book Stockhausen: Conversations with the Composer (ed. Jonathan Cott, Simon & Schuster, 1973). After designing book covers for Gothic and science fiction book cover commissions they did while in Philadelphia, the Quays have created suggestive designs for a variety of publications that seem to reflect not only their own interests in particular authors, covers for Italo Calvino, Louis-Ferdinand Céline or Mark le Fanu's study of the films of Andrei Tarkovsky, but also in themes and motifs that these authors develop. Literary texts are inspirational sources for almost all of their film projects, whether they serve as a point of departure for their own ideas or as a textual basis for filmic scenarios, and not as scripts or screenplays. The prowess in illustration and calligraphy seeps increasingly into many formal elements in their later films, evident as graphic embellishment in the set decoration, or their particular use of patterns in the puppets' costume design. Titles, intertitles and credits appear in a variety of handwritten styles.

The critical success of ''Street of Crocodiles'' gave the Quay Brothers artistic freedom to explore a shift in subject matter, in part originating in literary and poetic sources that led to exploration of new aesthetic forms, but also because they were able to make extensive experiments in technique, both with cameras and on large stage sets. The Quays are best known for their puppet and feature length films. Less known, but no less incisive in their creative development is their intense engagement in stage design for opera, ballet and theatre: since 1988, the Quays have created sets and projections for performing arts productions on international stages. Their work at miniature scale has translated into large-scale decors for the theatre and opera productions of director Richard Jones: Prokofiev's ''The Love for Three Oranges''; Feydeau's "A Flea in Her Ear"; Tchaikovsky's ''Mazeppa''; and Molière's "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme.". Their set design for a revival of Ionesco's "The Chairs" was nominated for a Tony Award in 1998. The Quays' excursion into feature films and live-action dance films are by no means an indication of a move away from animation and the literature that inspires them—on the contrary, this next film explores the potential which slumbers in the combination of these cinematic techniques. Their puppet animation set designs have been curated as an internationally touring exhibition called 'Dormitorium' and most recently on display in 2010 at Parsons School of Design, New York.

The Quay Brothers are regular guests at film festivals, art colleges and universities, most recently at The European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.

In June, 2010, The College of Physicians of Philadelphia received a grant from the Philadelphia Exhibitions Initiative of the Pew Charitable Trusts for $287,000. The Quays were commissioned to produce a new film entitled ''Anatomica Asthetica.'' The film is their first produced in the United States, and focuses on the history and collections of the College's famed Mütter Museum. It is expected to be released in Fall 2011 with symposia at The College of Physicians of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania; New York City's Museum of Modern Art; and the Museum of Jurassic Technology in Los Angeles.

The interdisciplinary performance artist, dancer, and multiple amputee Lisa Bufano lists the animation of the Quay Brothers as an influence in her artist's statement.

Filmography

Feature films

''Institute Benjamenta, or This Dream People Call Human Life'' (1995)

''The Piano Tuner of Earthquakes'' (2005)

Short films

''Nocturna Artificialia'' (1979)

''Punch And Judy (Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy)'' (1980)

''Ein Brudermord'' (1981)

''The Eternal Day Of Michel de Ghelderode (1981)

''Stravinsky - The Paris Years'' (1983)

''Leoš Janáček: Intimate Excursions'' (1983)

''The Cabinet of Jan Švankmajer'' (1984)

''The Epic of Gilgamesh, or This Unnameable Little Broom'' (1985) aka ''Little Songs of the Chief Officer of Hunar Louse''

''Street of Crocodiles'' (1986)

''Stille Nacht I: Dramolet'' (1988)

''Rehearsals For Extinct Anatomies'' (1988)

''Ex-Voto/The Pond'' (1989)

''The Comb (From The Museums Of Sleep)'' (1990)

''De Artificiali Perspectiva, or Anamorphosis'' (1991)

''The Calligrapher'' (1991) - an ident commissioned for the BBC2 television channel, but never broadcast

''Stille Nacht II: Are We Still Married?'' (1991)

''Long Way Down (Look What The Cat Drug In)'' (1992)

''Stille Nacht III: Tales From Vienna Woods'' (1992)

''Stille Nacht IV: Can't Go Wrong Without You'' (1993)

''The Summit'' (1995)

''In Absentia'' (2000)

''Duet'' (2000)

''Stille Nacht V: Dog Door'' (2001)

''The Phantom Museum: Random Forays Into the Vaults of Sir Henry Wellcome's Medical Collection'' (2003)

''Inwentorium śladów'' (2009) Poland (23')

''Maska'' (2010)

''Anatomica Aesthetica'' (2011) in production

Appearances

''The Falls'' (1980)

References

Further reading

Journal articles on the Quay Brothers

*Buchan, Suzanne, 'Liberation of the Mistake: A Glimpse into the Quay Brothers' Research Process', in: Proof, Vol 3 No 1 (2008): 16-20

*Costatini, Gustavo. 'De Artificali Perspectiva: The Brothers Quay’s Use of Sound and Music.' Filmwaves Magazine, Issue 32 (2007): 43-47

*Buchan, Suzanne H. 'Choreographed Chiaroscuro, Enigmatic and Sublime.' Film Quarterly, Spring (1998): 2–15.

*Nichols Goodeve, Thyrza. 'Dream Team: Thyrza Nichols Goodeve Talks with the Brothers Quay.' Artforum, April (1996)

Hammond, Paul. 'In Mystery, Shrouded: On the Quays’ New Film.' Vertigo Magazine, Vol. 1 No.5 (1995): 18-20

* Atkinson, Michael. 'The night countries of the BROTHERS QUAY.' Film Comment, September/October (1994): 36-44

* Atkinson, Michael. 'Unsilent night: The Brothers Quay.' Film Comment, Vol. 30 No. 5, September/October (1995): 25-38

* Romney, Jonathan. 'The Same Dark Drift.' Sight and Sound, Vol. 1, No. 11 (1992): 24-27

* Romney, Jonathan. 'Brothers in Armature.' City Limits. No. 446 (1990): 16-17

* Atkinson, Michael. 'Stirrings in the Dust.' Afterimage, No. 13 (1987): 4-9

Hammond, Paul. 'In Quay Animation.' Afterimage 13, Autumn 1987: 54-67

Academic essays on the Quay Brothers

* Buchan, Suzanne. 'The Animated Spectator: Watching the Quay Brothers' 'Worlds'. In Suzanne Buchan (Ed) ''Animated Worlds'', pp 15–38. Eastleigh: John Libbey Publishing, 2006. ISBN 086196 6619

* Weiner, Steve. 'The Quay Brothers' The Epic of Gilgamesh and the 'Metaphysics of Obscenity' in J. Pilling (Ed.), ''A Reader in Animation Studies'' London, John Libbey & Company, 1997.

Books on the Quay Brothers

* Mikurda, Kuba and Prodeus, Adriana (Eds). ''Trzynasty miesiąc. Kino Braci Quay''. Cracow-Warsaw: Korporacja Ha!art & IFF Era New Horizons, 2010. ISBN 978-83-61407-62-1. (in Polish)

* Buchan, Suzanne. ''The Quay Brothers. Into a Metaphysical Playroom''. University of Minnesota Press, 2010. ISBN 0816646597

* Pilling, Jayne and Fabrizio Liberti (Eds). ''Stephen e Timothy Quay''. Bergamo: Stamperia Stefanoni, 1999.

Catalogues

*Costa, Jordi. (Ed) 'Quay Brothers'. Sitges: Sitges Festival Internacionale de Cinema de Cataluna, 2001.

DVD

* Brooke, Michael (Ed), ''Quay Brothers—The Short Films'' 1979-2003. London: BFI, 2006. ISBN/EAN: 5035673006535

* ''The Brothers Quay Collection: Ten Astonishing Short Films'' 1984-1993. DVD Region 1 / NTSC. Kino Video. Release date 2000. 120 minutes. ISBN 6305957681

* ''Institute Benjamenta, or This Dream People Call Human Life'' (1995) DVD Region 1 / NTSC. Kino. Release date 2000. B/w, 104 minutes. ISBN 630595769X

* ''Institute Benjamenta, or This Dream People Call Human Life'' (1995) VHS PAL. ICA Projects Ltd. Release date 1996. B/w, 104 min.

* ''The PianoTuner of EarthQuakes'' (2005) Zeitgeist Films. Region 1 /NTSC. Release date 2007. Colour and b/w, 99 minutes.

* ''The PianoTuner of EarthQuakes'' (2005). DVD Region 2 / PAL. Artificial Eye. release date 2006. Colour and b/w, 99 minutes.

* ''L'Accordeur de tremblements de terre'' DVD Region 2 / PAL. E.D. distribution. Release date 2007. Colour and b/w, 99 minutes.

External links

Quay Brothers profile at European Graduate School, biography, bibliography and video lectures

Senses of Cinema. Great Directors Critical Database

Senses of Cinema. Through a Glass Darkly Interview with the Quay Brothers

The Short Films of The Quay Brothers at Zeitgeist Films

Videos by Brothers Quay

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Category:American animators Category:Stop motion animators Category:European Graduate School faculty Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Art Category:Identical twins Category:Opera designers Category:Sibling duos Category:Sibling filmmakers

de:Brothers Quay fa:برادران کی fr:Brothers Quay ja:ブラザーズ・クエイ pl:Bracia Quay ru:Братья Куай fi:Quayn veljekset

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	A Skylit Drive
background	group_or_band
origin	Lodi, California
genre	Post-hardcore, experimental rock, melodic metalcore
years active	2005-present
label	Fearless, Tragic Hero
associated acts	Odd Project, Of an Era, Escape the Fate
website	http://askylitdrive.net/
current members	Michael JagminBrian WhiteJoey WilsonNick MillerCory La QuayKyle Simmons
past members	Chris VaughnJordan Blake Jeremiah Patterson }}

A Skylit Drive is a six-piece American post-hardcore band from Lodi, California. The band has released a DVD, one EP and three studio albums: ''Wires...and the Concept of Breathing'' on May 20, 2008, ''Adelphia'' on June 9, 2009, and most recently ''Identity On Fire'' on February 15, 2011. Michael Jagmin has provided lead vocals for the band since 2008. He is often recognized for his unusual singing range.

''Band History''

''Formation and She Watched the Sky EP (2006–2007)''

A Skylit Drive's original members all met while attending Lodi High School in Lodi. Cory La Quay (drummer) attended Franklin High School in Elk Grove, California along with Zyler Gilley and their Original bass player Curtis Daniger (Tokay High School) Left the band due to enlisting in the U.S. Army (he would later go on to other local bands like Scream no Louder and Ajasent Red), but did however help record some demo pieces. Their debut EP, ''She Watched the Sky'', was released early in 2007 on Tragic Hero. Following this the group toured with Four Letter Lie, Blessthefall, Scary Kids Scaring Kids, Greeley Estates, Oh, Sleeper, The Blackout, Alesana, Before Their Eyes, Dance Gavin Dance, Kenotia, Pierce the Veil, and From First to Last.

Jordan Blake left the band mid-tour around November 2007 due to ulcers that made it difficult for him to sing. Blake's departure was mutual between him and the other members of the group. He then formed the musical projects Watchout! Theres Ghosts!, JbdJ, Trances, and The Legend. The Leader with Etienne Sin.

Following Blake's departure from A Skylit Drive, Jonny Craig aided A Skylit Drive for a few shows after leaving Dance Gavin Dance. Then they got a new singer, Michael "Jag" Jagmin. That was the final lineup change the band would go through thus far. Now they still use the same recording personal as they did for their early stuff. Jessy Mickles is their head recording supervisor.

''Wires...and the Concept of Breathing'' (2008)

A demo version of "Knights of the Round," was performed live with Jonny Craig as the lead vocalist during his few performances with the band in November 2007. Though Craig had written lyrics to the song, only the chorus or refrain is believed to have been kept in the final album version sang by their new-found, permanent vocalist Michael "Jag" Jagmin, formerly of Odd Project. Craig Mabbitt also tried out for lead vocals after leaving blessthefall, but later joined Escape the Fate. The full length Wires...and the Concept of Breathing (produced by Mitchell Marlow and Allen Jacob) appeared in May 2008. The album hit #171 on the U.S. Billboard 200, as well as #9 on the Top Heatseekers Chart and #20 on the Top Independent Albums chart. Shortly after the release of the album they filmed a music video for the nonprofit group To Write Love on Her Arms directed by Robby Starbuck. They appeared at The Bamboozle Left in 2008 and toured in the summer of that year with Sky Eats Airplane, Breathe Carolina, and Emarosa.

They toured with Greeley Estates, August Burns Red, Sky Eats Airplane, This or the Apocalypse, Escape the Fate, Alesana, Chiodos, and Silverstein during fall in 2008. They also filmed a live DVD called "Let Go of the Wires", which was released on December 9, 2008.

In Mid-November the band released a music video for the song "Wires and the Concept of Breathing". The video can be viewed through their MySpace profile. Their song "This Isn't the End" is now the music video on their MySpace directed by Robby Starbuck about teen suicide in conjunction with the non-profit organization To Write Love on Her Arms. Both videos are on their first full length album, ''Wires... and the Concept of Breathing'', and the band has shot other videos for songs on the album. They have announced that there will be five brand new videos on their upcoming DVD "Let Go of the Wires" as well as live performance footage from a show at the Glasshouse in Pomona, CA. The DVD was released exclusively at Hot Topic on December 9, 2008.

On December 19, 2008, it was announced that A Skylit Drive would be a part of the Vans Warped Tour 2009 lineup. A day before Warped Tour 2009 began, the band appeared at a Hot Topic store in Montclair,CA.

''Adelphia'' (2009–early 2010)

In their DVD, "Let Go of the Wires", the band discussed plans for their next album. The album was to be titled "Glaciers". The band later announced that this would not be the title of their new album. On May 26, 2009, A Skylit Drive released a new song, entitled "Those Cannons Could Sink a Ship" onto iTunes and also for play on their MySpace page. The song is the first of their new album to be released on iTunes. Their second full-length album, Adelphia, was released on June 9, 2009 and peaked at number 64 on the Billboard 200. The band released a music video for "Those Cannons Could Sink A Ship!" on October 19, 2009, directed by Spence Nicholson.

On January 8, 2009, the band announced, via a MySpace bulletin, that they were now a part of Fearless Records and to expect a new album release sometime in 2009. They also announced tour dates with Dance Gavin Dance. A Skylit Drive was a part of Warped Tour for the 2009 season. the band also did a signing at hot topic in Montclair,CA the day before the first day of Warped Tour 2009. During the tour they did signings for the non-profit organization Music Saves Lives. A Skylit Drive recently announced a new tour with Senses Fail starting on September 30. After their American tour, the band did their first tour of Europe.

On December 6, 2009, the band recorded a cover of Journey's "Separate Ways (Worlds Apart)" for the next Punk Goes compilation.

During February–March 2010, the band toured with We Came as Romans, Of Mice & Men, The Word Alive, and headliners Alesana, nationwide. During a New York City set on February 16, Dee Snider (vocalist of Twisted Sister) appeared to see the show, and hang out with the band(s). On his Twitter, Jag was quoted saying, "I'm never going to get over hearing Dee Snyder compliment my voice. Dee, "can you really pull it off every night?". Me, "You'll see."

This tour, titled The Emptiness Tour, will continue Spring 2010 in the U.K. and Europe. While Of Mice & Men, We Came as Romans, and The Word Alive won't be appearing out of the U.S. shows, ASD (as well as Alesana) will be sharing the tour with Emarosa and Bury Tomorrow.

''Identity on Fire'' (2010–present)

On his Formspring account, Jagmin predicted that A Skylit Drive would begin writing and recording a follow-up to ''Adelphia'' during Summer 2010. He also suggested that the album would see an early 2011 release.

In February 2010 Hassle Records published on their web site "We have new recruits to the Hassle Records family, please welcome A Skylit Drive with open arms... Fresh out of California, A Skylit Drive have been together in their current line-up since 2007 and have been touring their unique brand of metalcore across the US. We released their second album ''Adelphia'' in October and the UK joined the ever growing A Skylit Drive bandwagon. Catch the band on the rapidly selling out UK / Europe tour with Alesana in April."

The band announced via MySpace that on May 29, 2010, the band Desires of Sires will debut on their Adelphia tour. Recently, Michael Jagmin hinted on Twitter that A Skylit Drive is currently writing new material. A Skylit Drive is recording new demos. The band's MySpace layout changed in July 2010 with a new message saying that A Skylit Drive was in the studio recording a new album with Cameron Webb for early 2011.

The band was on the "Average Guys with Exceptional Hair" tour with bands Woe, Is Me, For All Those Sleeping, Motionless in White and Scarlett O'Hara.

On December 7, 2010, the band announced the tracklisting for the album and a date set on February 15, 2011. They have been on tour mid January through February with Underoath, Thursday, and Animals as Leaders.

The band has released a music video for "Too Little Too Late" on January, 12, 2011.

They will participate in all dates of the Warped Tour 2011 at the Ernie Ball stage.

The band has also announced they will be on a European tour set for Autumn 2011 along with Woe, Is Me, I Set My Friends on Fire, and Sleeping With Sirens.

Rumors circulating that former lead singer Jordan Blake would return to the band after his previous band Trances announced their break up.

Band members

;Current

Michael "Jag" Jagmin  – lead vocals (since 2008)

Brian White  – bass, screams (since 2005)

Joey Wilson  – lead guitar (since 2005)

Nick Miller  – rhythm guitar (since 2005)

Cory La Quay  – drums, percussion, death growls (since 2005)

Kyle Simmons  – keyboards, synthesizers (since 2005)

;Former

Jordan Blake  – lead vocals, programming, rhythm guitar (2005–2008)

Zyler Gilley  – drums (2005)

; Touring

Jonny Craig  – lead vocals (2007)

Craig Mabbitt  – lead vocals (2007)

Chris Vaughn  – lead vocals (2007)

Discography

Studio albums

Year	Details	Chart
		! width="40"	! width="40"	! width="40"	! width="40"	! width="40"	! width="40"
2008		* Released: May 21, 2008	Tragic Hero Records>Tragic Hero	171	20	9	–	–	–
2009	align="left"	* Released: June 9, 2009	Fearless Records>Fearless	64	64	–	11	–	–
2011		* Released: February 15, 2011	* Label: Fearless, Hassle	98	15	–	–	26	16

EPs

! Year	Details
2007	''She Watched the Sky''	* Released: January 23, 2007	* Label: Controlled, Tragic Hero

DVDs

! Year	Details
2008	''Let Go of the Wires''	* Released: December 9, 2008	* Label: Tragic Hero

Singles

! Year	! Single	! Album
	"Those Cannons Could Sink a Ship!"	rowspan="1"
	"XO Skeleton"
"Too Little Too Late"
"Ex Marks the Spot"

Music videos

"Drown The City"

"Wires...and the Concept of Breathing"

"This Isn't the End"

"Knights of the Round"

"All It Takes for Your Dreams to Come True"

"I'm Not a Thief, I'm a Treasure Hunter"

"Those Cannons Could Sink A Ship"

"Too Little Too Late"

References

External links

Official MySpace

Michael Jagmin's solo project

WeAreGiant, Nick Miller and Joey Wilson's side project

Bands like A Day to Remember

A A A A A

de:A Skylit Drive es:A Skylit Drive fr:A Skylit Drive it:A Skylit Drive nl:A Skylit Drive ja:ア・スカイリット・ドライブ pt:A Skylit Drive

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	Prince William
title	Duke of Cambridge (more)
imagw	245
spouse	Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
house	House of Windsor
full name	William Arthur Philip Louis The middle name Louis is pronounced .|groupfn |namesur}}

| titles = ''HRH'' Prince William, Duke of Cambridge | father = Charles, Prince of Wales | mother = Diana, Princess of Wales | birth_date = June 21, 1982 | birth_place = St Mary's Hospital, London | date of christening = 4 August 1982 | place of christening = Buckingham Palace, London | religion = Anglican (Church of England) }} Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and third eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is second in the line of succession, behind his father, to the thrones of sixteen independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Consequently, he is also second in line, again behind his father, to the position of Head of the Commonwealth (figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations) and, in England only, Supreme Governor of the Church of England.

He was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and obtained a degree from the University of St Andrews. He spent parts of a gap year in Chile, Belize, and countries in Africa, most notably Kenya where he has lived and holidayed several times. Besides his engagement to Kate whilst living in Kenya, Prince William has also taken Kiswahili studies at universities in Kenya and Tanzania. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Blues and Royals regiment of the Household Cavalry—serving with his brother Prince Harry—and, two years later, earned his wings by completing pilot training at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. In 2009, the Prince transferred to the Royal Air Force, was promoted to flight lieutenant and underwent helicopter flying training in order to become a full time pilot with the Search and Rescue Force. In Autumn 2010, he completed his general and special-to-type helicopter training and he is now at RAF Valley on No. 22 Squadron performing co-pilot duties on board a Sea King search and rescue helicopter. Prince William married his longtime girlfriend, the then Catherine Middleton, on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. Hours prior to his wedding, Prince William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus.

Early life

Prince William was born at St Mary's Hospital, London on 21 June 1982. He was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 4 August 1982 (the 82nd birthday of his paternal great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother) by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. William's godparents are: former King Constantine II of Greece (his paternal cousin); Princess Alexandra, The Hon Mrs Angus Ogilvy (his paternal cousin); the Duchess of Westminster; the Lady Susan Hussey; Lord Romsey (his paternal cousin); and Sir Laurens van der Post.

As a male-line grandchild of the sovereign and son of the Prince of Wales, William was styled 'His Royal Highness' 'Prince William of Wales', though he was affectionately called 'Wombat' by his parents or 'Wills' (the latter a name coined by the press by which he is still known by the general public). It was reported that, at age seven, the Prince said to his mother that he desired to be a police officer when he was older, so that he might be able to protect her; a statement to which his brother responded: "Oh, no you can't. You've got to be King." William's first public appearance was on 1 March 1991 (Saint David's Day), during an official visit of his parents to Cardiff, Wales. After arriving by aeroplane, the Prince was taken to Llandaff Cathedral, where he signed the visitors' book, thereby demonstrating that he was left-handed. On 3 June 1991, William was admitted to Royal Berkshire Hospital after having been hit on the side of the forehead by a fellow student wielding a golf club. The Prince did not lose consciousness, but did suffer a depressed fracture of the skull and was operated on at the Great Ormond Street Hospital, resulting in a permanent scar.

William's mother desired her two sons should have wider experiences than are usual for royal children. Diana took William and his brother to Walt Disney World and McDonald's; in addition they visited AIDS clinics and shelters for the homeless. She also bought them things typical teenagers used, such as video games. Diana, Princess of Wales, who was by then divorced from the Prince of Wales, died in a car accident in 1997. William, along with his brother and father, was staying at Balmoral Castle at the time, and the Prince of Wales waited until early the following morning to tell his sons about their mother's death. At his mother's funeral, William accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, and maternal uncle in walking behind the funeral cortège from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Abbey.

Education

William was educated at independent schools, starting at Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London. Following this, he attended Ludgrove School and was privately tutored during summers by Rory Stewart. At Ludgrove he also participated in football—along with swimming, basketball, clay pigeon shooting, and cross-country running. William sat for the entrance exam to Eton College and was admitted. There he studied geography, biology and history of art at A-Level, obtaining an A in geography, a C in biology and a B in history of art. At Eton he continued to play football, captaining his house team, and took up water polo. The decision to place William in Eton went against the family tradition of sending royal children to Gordonstoun (William's grandfather, father, two uncles, and two cousins all attended); it did, however, make the Prince follow in the Spencer family footsteps, as both Diana's father and brother had attended Eton. It was also agreed between the Royal Family and the tabloid press that William would be allowed to study free of paparazzi intrusion in exchange for regular updates of the Prince's life. Then chairman of the Press Complaints Commission, John Wakeham, said of the arrangement: "Prince William is not an institution; nor a soap star; nor a football hero. He is a boy: in the next few years, perhaps the most important and sometimes painful part of his life, he will grow up and become a man."

After completing his studies at Eton, the Prince took a gap year, during which he took part in British Army training exercises in Belize, and, for ten weeks, taught children in the town of Tortel, in southern Chile, as part of the Raleigh International programme. It was during his time in the latter location that he lived with other young teachers, sharing in the common household chores, including cleaning the toilet, and also volunteered as the guest radio jockey for the local radio station.

By 2001, William was back in the United Kingdom and had enrolled, under the name William Wales, at the University of St Andrews. News of this caused a temporary increase in the number of applications to St Andrews, mostly from young women who wanted an opportunity to meet the Prince. The extra attention did not deter him, though, and he embarked on a degree course in art history, later changing his main subject to geography, and going on to earn a Scottish Master of Arts degree with upper second class honours in geography—the best degree of any heir to the throne of Britain and the Commonwealth realms. While at university, Prince William also represented the Scottish national universities water polo team at the Celtic Nations tournament in 2004. He was known as “Steve” by other students to avoid any journalists overhearing and realising his identity.

Royal duties and career

William began to accompany his parents on official visits at an early age; his first overseas royal tour was with his parents to Australia and New Zealand in 1983, a decision made by the Princess of Wales that was considered to be unconventional; not only was William so young, but both the first and second in line for the throne would be travelling together. However, he accompanied either both parents or his father on subsequent tours, and, upon graduation from university, began to undertake duties of his own, as well as obtaining experience in the private workforce when he worked with land management at Chatsworth House and interned at HSBC.

Military career

Having decided to follow a military career, in October 2005 William attended the four day Regular Commissions Board at Westbury in Wiltshire where he underwent selection to judge his suitability to become an Army officer. Having passed selection, William went up to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in January 2006. Successfully completing the course, William graduated from Sandhurst on 15 December 2006, the graduation parade being attended by the Queen and the Prince of Wales, along with other members of the Royal Family, and William officially received his commission as a lieutenant at midnight. With his rank obtained, the Prince, under the name of William Wales, followed his younger brother into the Blues and Royals as a troop commander in an armoured reconnaissance unit, after which he spent four months in training for the post at Bovington Camp, Dorset.

Once officially enrolled and commissioned in the Armed Forces, William expressed a desire to participate in active service; in this there was a recent precedent of the service of his great-great-uncle Edward VIII who, as Prince of Wales, served in France during the First World War; his great-grandfather George VI who also served during World War I (with the Navy at the Battle of Jutland and in France with the Air Force); and his paternal grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who served with distinction during World War Two. More recently, his uncle Prince Andrew, Duke of York served in the Falklands war.

Though Major-General Sebastian Roberts, general officer commanding the Household Division, had said William being deployed was possible, the Prince's position as second in line to the throne, and the convention of ministers advising against the person in that position being put into dangerous situations, cast doubts on William's ability to see combat. These doubts increased after Prince Harry's deployment was cancelled in 2007, due to "specific threats". William, instead, went on to training in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, obtaining his commission as a sub-lieutenant in the former and flying officer in the latter (both broadly equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Army). With this complete, the Prince undertook an attachment with the Air Force, undergoing an intensive four-month training course at RAF Cranwell, which, upon completing the course on 11 April 2008, he was presented with his RAF wings by his father, who had himself received his wings after training at the same college. It was later revealed that it had been during this secondment that Prince William had helped to man a C-17 Globemaster to Afghanistan, during which he assisted in the repatriation of the body of Trooper Robert Pearson. The Prince had been affectionately known by his fellow airmen, and his callsign was designated, as ''Billy the Fish'', a pun on his title.

William then moved to train with the Navy for two months, from June to August 2008, during which time he spent three weeks at the Britannia Royal Naval College, training on units of the surface fleet, and submarines, as well as with the Fleet Air Arm and Royal Marines, before deploying for a further five weeks on HMS ''Iron Duke'' in the Caribbean. It was during this tour that the Prince took part in a secret underwater mission, as well as helping to identify and capture a small vessel that had been transporting an approximate £40 million worth of cocaine, and taking part in other raids.

Owing to William's future role, a long term career in the military was considered out of the question; due to his position, his desire to see active service was always unlikely to be granted. William originally joined the military on a short-service commission lasting three years. However, it was announced in September 2008 that the Prince would be extending his time in the forces, first by taking on another secondment in the autumn of 2008 (including working at the MOD and non-operational flying with the Army Air Corps). Then it was announced that he would transfer from the Army to the RAF in order to train as a full time search and rescue helicopter pilot; this role enables him to take an active role as a member of the armed forces without him being deployed on combat operations.

In January 2009, William transferred his commission to the RAF and was promoted to Flight Lieutenant. He trained to become a helicopter pilot with the RAF's Search and Rescue Force. In January 2010, he graduated from the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, where he had been under the instruction of Squadron Leader Craig Finch. On 26 January 2010 he transferred to the Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley on Anglesey to receive training on the Sea King search and rescue helicopter and graduated from this course 17 September 2010.

It was announced on 15 April 2010 that William will remain at RAF Valley for his operational tour, being assigned to No. 22 Squadron and initially performing co-pilot duties. It is expected that William's operational tour will last 30 to 36 months.

William participated in his first rescue mission (as co-pilot of an RAF Sea King Helicopter) and responded on Saturday, 2 October 2010, to an emergency call from the Liverpool Coastguard. The prince, who was excited to finally take part in an active mission, and the other three members of the crew flew from their base at RAF Valley in Anglesey, North Wales, to an offshore gas rig in Morecambe Bay, northwest England. William and three other crew members picked up a man who had suffered an apparent heart attack on the rig and airlifted him to a local hospital.

Royal duties

At the age of 21, Prince William was appointed as a Counsellor of State, and began his royal duties by first serving in that capacity when the Queen was abroad to attend the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2003, in Nigeria. For his 21st birthday, William also accompanied his father on a royal tour of Wales, where they visited the Anglesey Food Fair and opened a centre for the homeless in Newport. By July 2005, he was on his first solo overseas tour, travelling to New Zealand, on behalf of his grandmother in her role as Queen of New Zealand, to participate in World War II commemorations. For the 30th anniversary of his father's charity, The Prince's Trust, William and his brother were interviewed together for the first time by Ant & Dec. In July 2007, Prince William accompanied his grandmother's cousin The Duke of Kent, who is President of the UK Scout Association, in opening the 21st World Scout Jamboree, celebrating the centennial of the founding of the Scout Movement.

It was said in Tina Brown's 2007 biography of Diana, Princess of Wales, that Prince William had, like his father, expressed a desire to become Governor-General of Australia, though fulfilment of the idea was considered doubtful by then-Prime Minister of Australia John Howard, who said: "We have for a long time embraced the idea that the person who occupies that post should be in every way an Australian citizen."

In 2009, a private office was set up for William by his grandmother, with Sir David Manning being appointed as his adviser. Manning personally accompanied him in January 2010 as he toured Auckland and Wellington on behalf of the Queen; William opened the new building of the Supreme Court of New Zealand and was welcomed as a Māori chief. In March 2011, William visited Christchurch, New Zealand, after the recent earthquake, and there addressed the memorial service at Hagley Park, on behalf of his grandmother. Upon leaving New Zealand, William travelled to Australia, where he made a visit to areas badly affected by flooding in the states of Queensland and Victoria. After twice accompanying his parents to Canada, the Prince, with his wife, is expected to officially tour the country in June and July 2011, attending Canada Day celebrations on Parliament Hill. ''(See 2011 Royal tour of Canada.)'' Speculation in late 2009 that William would be taking over increasing numbers of the Queen's ceremonial and state duties has been denied by the Palace.

Personal interests

Following his parents' examples, William took interest in various causes from a relatively early age. The late Princess of Wales' work with HIV/AIDS aid and prevention, and the Prince of Wales' work with the natural environment and the inner-city disadvantaged, directed William into those areas. He also showed a desire to focus on the needy in Africa, sometimes working with his brother's charity, Sentebale.

On 23 January 2009, it emerged that Prince William had written the foreword to a book for the first time. The cover of ''Home from War'', the autobiography of a soldier from the Prince's regiment who was seriously wounded in a Taliban ambush, notes his contribution.

Humanitarian and environmental causes

William became aware of HIV/AIDS in the mid 1990s, when his mother began to take her two sons to visit shelters and clinics for those suffering from the disease. In January 2005, Prince William and his brother volunteered at a British Red Cross aid distribution centre to pack emergency supplies for countries that were affected by the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. Later, in September, William granted his patronage to Centrepoint, a charity that assists the homeless. During the period when his mother had been patron of Centrepoint, he had accompanied her on visits to its headquarters and projects.

William also worked in the children's unit at The Royal Marsden Hospital for two days of work experience in 2005, as well as helping out in the medical research, catering, and fund raising departments. The same year, he spent two weeks in North Wales with a mountain rescue team. In May 2007, William became patron of both organisations (his mother had also previously been patron of the Royal Marsden Hospital) and he became attracted to Mountain Rescue England and Wales in order to, in his words, "highlight and celebrate the vital, selfless and courageous work of our mountain rescue organisations".

The Prince also became a patron of the Tusk Trust in December 2005, a charity that works towards conserving wildlife and initiating community development, including providing education, across Africa. William became associated with the organisation after he witnessed its work first hand when he was in Africa. Saying "rural African initiatives that foster education, responsibility and participation in the local community light the way to conservation", he carried out his first official duty with the trust in launching a bike ride across the African continent in 2007.

Sports

William plays polo for charitable causes and is a fan of football, supporting Aston Villa F.C. In May 2006, he became President of England's Football Association and vice royal patron of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) in February 2007 (supporting the Queen as patron of the WRU). The same year, the WRU's decision to name a new cup for test matches between Wales and South Africa the Prince William Cup caused controversy, with some believing it would have been more fitting to name the trophy after Ray Gravell.

In 2006, the Prince, along with other Sandhurst officers, took part in running one mile to support the charity Sport Relief, as he had done in 2004 with a team from Clarence House. In May 2007, William became patron of the English Schools' Swimming Association.

William is a noted follower of various packs of foxhounds throughout England and Wales, including the Duke of Beaufort's Hunt, with his father and brother since he was a very young child.

The Prince and his brother are both enthusiastic motorcyclists, with the Prince owning a Ducati 1198 S Corse.

Relationship with Catherine Middleton

During his years at university, William participated in university life; of himself he said: "I'm not a party animal, despite what some people might think." Like his father before him, William's private life became the subject of tabloid speculation, especially around his relationship with Catherine Middleton, who had been one of William's university flatmates and whom William began dating in 2003. Middleton attended the Prince's passing-out parade at Sandhurst, marking the first high-profile event that she attended as William's guest. The relationship between Prince William and Middleton was followed so closely that bookmakers took bets on the possibility of a Royal Wedding and the retail chain Woolworths produced memorabilia bearing the likenesses of the couple. though in June, Middleton attended a party at Lulworth Army Barracks as the guest of Prince William, and in July the Concert for Diana, which had been organised by Princes William and Harry. In August, she accompanied William on holiday in the island of Des Roches in the Seychelles, and in October she joined Prince Charles and Prince Harry for a shooting party at Balmoral. In June 2008, along with the Royal Family, Middleton attended William's investiture into the Order of the Garter.

Middleton was formally introduced to public life by William on 24 February 2011 when she and William attended a lifeboat naming ceremony in Trearddur, North Wales.

Engagement and wedding

On 16 November 2010 it was announced by Clarence House that William and Middleton were to marry. The engagement ring given to Middleton was the 18 carat sapphire engagement ring of Diana, Princess of Wales; two studs were fastened inside the ring to make it fit Catherine's thinner ringfinger. Clarence House, the official residence of Charles and his sons William and Harry, announced on the same day that the couple became engaged in Kenya in October, as Prince William confirmed in a widely circulated television interview beamed from London.

The wedding took place on 29 April 2011 in Westminster Abbey, London. The day was made a bank holiday in the UK. Estimates of the global audience for the wedding range from 300 million to two billion people, whilst 24.5 million watched the event live in the United Kingdom.

A few hours before the wedding, it was announced that William had become Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus, as is customary for princes on the occasion of their weddings.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

name	The Duke of Cambridge
dipstyle	His Royal Highness
offstyle	Your Royal Highness
altstyle	Sir }}

21 June 1982 29 April 2011: ''His Royal Highness'' Prince William of Wales 29 April 2011 present: ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Cambridge

The Prince's style and title in full is ''His Royal Highness Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus, Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter''. As a British prince, William does not use a surname for everyday purposes. For formal and ceremonial purposes, the children of Princes of Wales, like the children of Royal Dukes, use the title of Prince or Princess before their Christian name and their father's territorial designation after it. So Prince William was "Prince William of Wales". Such area-based surnames are discarded by women when they marry and by men if they are given a peerage of their own, such as when Prince William was given his dukedom.

For the male-line grandchildren of Elizabeth II, however, there is currently some uncertainty over the correct form of family surname to use, or whether there even is a surname. The Queen has stipulated all her male-line descendants ''who do not bear the titular dignity of prince'' shall use Mountbatten-Windsor as their family surname (although Letters Patent exist stipulating the name Windsor, but with the same caveat). According to their flight suits as seen in television interviews (before Prince William's creation as Duke of Cambridge), Princes William and Harry use Wales as their surname for military purposes. On the morning of his wedding, the Queen conferred the titles Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus upon William. Once he becomes heir to the throne, it is expected that he will be invested as Prince of Wales, although this is not automatic. In addition, on his father's accession to the throne, William, as the eldest son of the sovereign, will become Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay. If William succeeds to the throne and uses his first given name as his regnal name, he would be known as ''William V''.

William succeeded Lord Attenborough in 2010 as the fifth President of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

Military ranks

January 2006 16 December 2006: Officer Cadet 16 December 2006 16 December 2006: Cornet (Second Lieutenant), The Blues and Royals (short service commission) 16 December 2006 1 January 2009 : Lieutenant, The Blues and Royals 1 January 2008 1 January 2009: Flying Officer, Royal Air Force 1 January 2008 1 January 2009 : Sub-Lieutenant, Royal Navy 1 January 2009 present: Lieutenant, Royal Navy 1 January 2009 present: Captain, The Blues and Royals (and transferred to a full regular commission) 1 January 2009 present: Flight Lieutenant, Royal Air Force

Honours

;Appointments 23 April 2008 present: Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG) 6 July 2009 present: Member of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple 6 July 2009 present: Bencher of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple 23 June 2010 present: Royal Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)

Prince William, upon his appointment to the order, became the 1,000th member of the register of the Order of the Garter; he was officially invested by the Queen into the order on 16 June 2008, at a service at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle. The last time a monarch had appointed a grandchild into the Order of the Garter was in 1894, when Queen Victoria invested Prince Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

;Medals

;Foreign honours 6 July 2008: Joint Service Achievement Medal

Honorary military appointments

; Canada 10 November 2009 present: Canadian Ranger

; United Kingdom 8 August 2006 present: Commodore-in-Chief of HMNB Clyde 8 August 2006 present: Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Navy Submarine Service 8 August 2006 present: Commodore-in-Chief of Scotland 3 October 2008 present: Honorary Air Commandant of RAF Coningsby 10 February 2011 present: Colonel of the Irish Guards

Honorific eponyms

;Awards : Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Award, University of Waterloo, Waterloo

Arms

Bannerimage	Royal Standard of Prince William.svg
Notes	On his 18th birthday, Prince William was granted his own personalised coat of arms; these consist of the escutcheon of the arms of the sovereign in right of the United Kingdom with a label for difference.
Year adopted	21 June 2000
Escutcheon	Quarterly 1st and 4th Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or (England) Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gules (Scotland) Azure, a harp or stringed argent (Ireland).
Orders	The Order of the Garter ribbon.HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE''(Shame be to him who thinks evil of it)''
Other elements	The whole distinguished by a label of three points argent, the central point charged with an escallop gules.
Banner	The Duke of Cambridge's personal Royal Standard is that of the sovereign in right of the United Kingdom, labelled for difference as in his arms. 50px As Earl of Strathearn, the personal standard in Scotland follows the pattern of the UK Royal Standard used in Scotland, labelled for difference.
Symbolism	As the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, Prince William's coat of arms has a label of three points. The ''escallop'' (seashell) alludes to his late mother Diana, Princess of Wales, whose Spencer coat of arms includes three ''escallops argent''.
Previous versions	}}

Personal standard for Canada

The Duke of Cambridge also holds a personal royal standard for Canada, consisting of the shield of the Canadian Royal Arms defaced with both a blue roundel surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves and shells, within which is a depiction William's cypher (a ''W'' surmounted by a coronet), and a white label of three points, charged with a red shell.

Ancestry

William is a male line descendant of Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg, and as such a member of the House of Oldenburg, one of Europe's oldest royal houses, and more specifically the cadet branch known as the House of Glücksburg, founded by his paternal ancestor Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. William belongs to the Royal Family of Windsor. His male line ancestors include five kings—Christian I of Denmark, Frederick I of Denmark, Christian III of Denmark, Christian IX of Denmark and George I of Greece—and also 11 counts of Oldenburg, two dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, five dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and one duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

Among his other recent, cognatic ancestors on his father's side are notably members of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the House of Battenberg, the main line of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, the House of Hesse-Kassel and the House of Hohenzollern. Among his distant cognatic ancestors are also Henry IV and James II and VII. Should he become king, William would be the first monarch since Queen Anne to be descended from Charles I and Charles II, as his mother was descended from two of Charles's II illegitimate sons, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, and Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond. Through his father, William is of German and English descent, and through his mother's family, the Spencers, William is of English descent and of remote Irish, Scottish and American descent.

He is also descended from many of the pre-Union monarchs of Scotland and the pre-Conquest monarchs of England, and many notable foreign monarchs including, Peter I of Russia ("Peter the Great"), Catherine II of Russia ("Catherine the Great"), Nicholas I of Russia, Afonso I of Portugal, Andrew II of Hungary, Ferdinand II of Aragon, Isabella I of Castile, and early French kings.

See also

Royal William, a German red rose named after Prince William shortly after his birth

Notes

References

External links

Royal.gov.uk – Prince William

Prince of Wales.gov.uk – Prince William

Monarchy Wales – leading campaign organisation

Illustrated biography of Prince William

Prince William graduates from RMAS

Prince William talks with NBC's Matt Lauer

|- in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland |- |- |- |- |-

Category:1982 births Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews Category:Blues and Royals officers Category:British water polo players Category:Dukes of Cambridge Category:Earls or mormaers of Strathearn Category:English Anglicans Category:English polo players Category:Royal Fellows of the Royal Society Category:Knights of the Garter Category:Living people Category:House of Windsor Category:Mountbatten-Windsor family Category:Old Etonians Category:Old Ludgrovians Category:People from London Category:Presidents of the Football Association Category:Princes of the United Kingdom Category:Royal Air Force officers Category:Royal Navy officers Category:Sandhurst graduates Category:Helicopter pilots Category:People educated at Wetherby School *

af:Prins William, Hertog van Cambridge ar:ويليام دوق كامبريدج an:Guillén de Cambridge az:Uels Şahzadəsi Uilyam bn:প্রিন্স উইলিয়াম, ডিউক অফ কেমব্রিজ be:Прынц Уільям, герцаг Кембрыджскі bcl:Prinsipe William kan Wales bs:William, vojvoda od Cambridgea bg:Уилям, Херцог на Кеймбридж ca:Guillem de Cambridge cs:Princ William, vévoda z Cambridge cy:Y Tywysog William, Dug Caergrawnt da:Prins William, hertug af Cambridge de:William Mountbatten-Windsor, Duke of Cambridge et:William, Cambridge'i hertsog el:Πρίγκιπας Ουίλιαμ, Δούκας του Κέμπριτζ es:Guillermo de Cambridge eo:William Mountbatten-Windsor eu:Gilen Cambridgekoa fa:شاهزاده ویلیام، دوک کمبریج fr:William de Cambridge ga:William, prionsa na Breataine Bige gl:Guillerme de Cambridge ko:케임브리지 공작 윌리엄 hy:Արքայազն Ուիլյամ hr:William, vojvoda od Cambridgea ilo:Guillermo De Gales id:Pangeran William, Adipati Cambridge is:Vilhjálmur Bretaprins it:William, duca di Cambridge he:הנסיך ויליאם, דוכס קיימברידג' jv:William Arthur Philip Louis la:Gulielmus Cambriae lv:Princis Viljams, Kembridžas hercogs lt:Princas Viljamas hu:Vilmos cambridge-i herceg mk:Вилијам (војвода од Кембриџ) mr:केंब्रिजचा ड्यूक विल्यम ms:Putera William, Duke Cambridge mn:Кембрижийн гүн, Хунтайж Уильям my:ဝီလီယံ မင်းသား nah:Tlahtohcāpilli William of Wales mrj:Уильям (Кого Британин принц) nl:William, hertog van Cambridge ja:ウィリアム (ケンブリッジ公) no:William, hertug av Cambridge nn:Prins William, hertug av Cambridge oc:Guilhèm de Cambridge uz:Shahzoda William pnb:ولیم ماؤنٹبیٹن-ونڈسر pl:Wilhelm, książę Cambridge pt:Guilherme, Duque de Cambridge ro:Prințul William, Duce de Cambridge ru:Уильям, герцог Кембриджский se:William (Cambridgea herttot) sq:Princi Uilliam simple:Prince William, Duke of Cambridge sr:Принц Вилијам, војвода од Кембриџа fi:Prinssi William sv:Prins William, hertig av Cambridge ta:இளவரசர் வில்லியம், கேம்பிரிட்ச் கோமகன் th:เจ้าฟ้าชายวิลเลียม ดยุคแห่งเคมบริดจ์ tr:Cambridge Dükü, Prens William uk:Вільям, герцог Кембриджський vi:Hoàng tử William, Công tước Cambridge war:Prinsipe William han Wales zh-yue:威廉王子 diq:Şazadey Welsi Wilyam zh:威廉王子 (劍橋公爵)

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	Jose Marie Borja Viceral
alias	Vice Ganda
birth name	Jose Marie Borja Viceral
origin	Tondo, Manila, Philippines
born	March 31, 1976
genre	P-pop, OPM, rock
| occupation	Singer, actor, model, comedian, dancer, host
years active	1999–present (as stand-up comedian)2007-present (as actor)2011-present (as recording artist)
label	Vicor Music Corporation
background	solo_singer }}

Jose Marie Borja - Viceral (born March 31, 1976), popularly known as Vice Ganda, is a Filipino stand-up comedian, actor, talk show host and the resident judge of ''Showtime'', a pre-noontime talent show aired on ABS-CBN.

He is currently managed by columnist and talk show host Ogie Diaz. He became the first Filipino celebrity to have 1,000,000 fans on the social networking site Facebook, Currently, he has about 3,000,000 fans in Facebook.

In 2011, he released his debut album, Vice Ganda Lakas Tama

Personal life

Ganda was raised along Jose Abad Santos Street in Manuguit, Tondo, Manila. He is the youngest of 5 siblings. He has 2 sisters and 2 brothers.

His mother moved without the family to work in the United States after his father was killed in a shooting incident when he was 13 years old. He attended Far Eastern University studying political science. He started his career in 1999 as a stand-up comedian performing at ''The Library'' comedy bar. Ganda is openly gay, and his two brothers are also gay. Ganda said his father did not know he was gay and he kept his sexuality hidden from his mother as he did not want to disappoint her.

Career

Ganda has been a host of television programs and has performed in several comedy bars. He resides in ABSCBN Channel 2. Vice Ganda has also been on Movies like Petrang Kabayo and Apat Dapat, Dapat Apat He is one of the Hosts | Unevictable judge of the noontime show Showtime which airs every 10:30 am Mondays-Saturdays.

He had his first major Araneta Concert last May 15, 2010, entitled, May Nagtext Yung Totoo Vice Ganda sa Araneta, and was followed by the second major success Araneta Concert, Eto na Vice Ganda Todong Sample sa Araneta, on July 1, 2011. He was given the opportunity, to host his own talk show Gandang Gabi Vice, and he has also starred in the movie Noy, Hating Kapatid & Petrang Kabayo.

Filmography

+ Films
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes	! Company
2007	''Apat Dapat, Dapat Apat''	Res' employer	His first movie appearance.	VIVA Films
2008	''Condo''	Mandy	Indie film	Breaking the Box Productions
2008	''Ikaw pa rin: Bongga ka boy''	Host		VIVA Films
2009		Hillary		Star Cinema
2010		Jane	Indie film	Cinemedia Films
2010	''Hating Kapatid''	Beauty		VIVA Films
2010	''Petrang Kabayo''	Peter Kasimsim / Petra	First lead role	VIVA Films
2011	''Private Benjamin''	Benjamin		VIVA Films with Star Cinema

+ Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes	! Network
2007	''Maging Sino Ka Man''	Joko	Recurring role	ABS-CBN
2007	''Kokey''	Lyka Horse	Guest star	ABS-CBN
2008	''Dyosa''	Salaminsim	Recurring role	ABS-CBN
2008–2009	''Boy & Kris''	Himself/ Guest		ABS-CBN
2008		Tita Ganda	Guest star	ABS-CBN
2008	''Maalaala Mo Kaya''		Episode "Taxi"	ABS-CBN
2009	''Maalaala Mo Kaya''	Himself	Episode "Bola"	ABS-CBN
2009–present		Himself	Host/Judge	ABS-CBN
2010	''Magpasikat''	Himself	Host	ABS-CBN
2010	''May Bukas Pa''	Maxie	Chapter 26 "Care"	ABS-CBN
2010	''Kulilits	Himself	Guest	ABS-CBN
2011		Mars	First time tandem with Kim Chiu	ABS-CBN
2011	''100 Days to Heaven''	August	Guest role	ABS-CBN
2011-present	''Gandang Gabi, Vice!''	Himself	Host	ABS-CBN
2011		Himself	Guest/Challenger	ABS-CBN

+ Albums
! Year	! Title
2011	''Vice Ganda Lakas Tama''

Awards/Nominations

! Year	! Award	! Category	! Work	! Outcome
2010	42nd Box-Office Entertainment Award	Bert Marcelo Memorial Award
2010	Star Studio Magazine	Most Stylish Comedian	Dress Style
2011	Yahoo! OMG! Awards	Funniest Comedian
2011	Yahoo! OMG! Awards	Favorite Male TV Host
2011	T@tt Awards	Most Likable Personality	3.5m+ likes on Facebook

References

External links

Vice Ganda Website

Category:1976 births Category:Filipino actors Category:Filipino film actors Category:Filipino television actors Category:Filipino television personalities Category:Living people Category:LGBT people from the Philippines Category:People from Manila Category:Far Eastern University alumni

tl:Vice Ganda