Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	Santana
background	group_or_band
alias	Santana Blues Band
origin	San Francisco, California, U.S.
genre	Latin rock, blues-rock, jazz fusion, psychedelic rock, funk rock
years active	1967–present
label(s)	Sony Music
current members	Carlos SantanaKarl PerazzoDennis ChambersTommy AnthonyChris SchweglerFreddie RavelVictor Lasic
past members	Former members
website	http://www.santana.com }}

Santana is a rock band based around guitarist Carlos Santana and founded in the late 1960s. It first came to public attention after their performing the song "Soul Sacrifice" at the Woodstock Festival in 1969, when their Latin rock provided a contrast to other acts on the bill. This initial exposure made their first, eponymous album a hit at the time, followed in the next two years by successful follow-ups ''Abraxas'' and ''Santana III''.

Over the next few years, lineup changes were common and frequent, and although retaining a basis of Latin rock, Carlos Santana's increasing involvement with guru Sri Chinmoy took the band further into more esoteric music, which continued for many years, although never quite losing the initial Latin influence.

In 1998, the group was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, with Carlos Santana, Jose Chepito Areas, David Brown, Mike Carabello, Gregg Rolie and Michael Shrieve being honored.

Santana has achieved a total of eight Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards which were all awarded in 2000. Carlos also won two Grammy Awards as a solo artist in 1989 and 2003.

Overview

Early days

The band was formed in 1967 in San Francisco as the ''Carlos Santana Blues Band'' with the help of Tom Fraser.  The first established members were Carlos Santana (lead guitar), Steve Winwood (lead vocals & rhythm guitar), Mike Carabello (percussion), Rod Harper (drums), David Brown (bass guitar) and Gregg Rolie (Hammond Organ B3). The group's first audition with this line up was at the Avalon Ball Room in the late summer of 1967. After the audition, Chet Helms the promoter, in concert with The Family Dogg, told the band that they would never make it in the San Francisco Music Scene playing Latin fusion and suggested Carlos keep his day job washing dishes at Tick Tock's Drive-In on 3rd St.

Woodstock & breakthrough

The band was announced as one of the performers at the Woodstock Festival. Santana started recording their 1969 debut album in May 1969 and finished it in a month.

Santana would perform at the festival with a huge crowd. Later that month, they released their debut album which peaked at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 pop chart with the single Evil Ways being a top 10 single in the US.

Abraxas & Santana III

Santana went on tour to promote the album and started work on their next album, Abraxas. Work started on the album in mid-April 1970 and was done in early-May 1970. The album was released in September 1970 and would peak at number 1 on the US Billboard 200 and the Australian Kent Road Report. The album also featured the hit single Black Magic Woman, which peaked at number 4 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

From January to July 1971, Santana would work on another album. The album was called Santana III. Released in September 1971, the album would be another number 1 on the US Billboard 200 and would become the band's peak popularity. This was the last album to feature the classic Woodstock era line-up of Santana.

Caravanserai and member changes

Before recording their fourth album Caravanserai, there had been multiple line-up changes. Bassist David Brown left in 1971 before recording started and was replaced by Doug Rauch and Tom Rutley. Percussionist Michael Carabello left Santana and was replaced by Armando Peraza. Keyboardist/vocalist Gregg Rolie was replaced by Tom Coster on a few songs.

Caravanserai was released on the 11th October 1972 and peaked at number 8 on the US Billboard 200 pop chart without a hit single.

Band members

Vocals

Keyboards

Guitar

* Gregg Rolie: 1967-71

* Leon Thomas: 1973

* Wendy Haas: 1973

* Leon Patillo: 1973-1975

* Evan Thur: 1974-75

Greg Walker (Singer)>Greg Walker: 1975-76, 1976–79, 1983–85

* Luther Rabb: 1976

* Joel Badie: 1976

* Steve Winwood: 1979-83, 1984–85, 1987, 1989–91, 1992–94

* Mike Carter: 1986, 1987

* Tony Lindsay: 1991, 1995–present

* Vorriece Cooper: 1993

* Curtis Salgado: 1995

* Ifrab Musflyleng: 1995

* Victor Lasic: 2010–present

* (Various guest singers: 1999–present)

* Gregg Rolie: 1967-71

* Tom Coster: 1972-78, 83, 86

* Richard Kermode: 1972-73

* Wendy Haas: 1972

* Leon Patillo: 1973-1979

* Chris Rhyne: 1978-79

* Alan Pasqua: 1979-80

* Richard Baker: 1980-82

* Chester D. Thompson: 1985-2009

* David Sancious: 1984

* Sterling Crew: 1986

* Lawrence Rogers: 1994-1998

* Freddie Ravel: 2010-present

* Tom Fraser: 1967-68

* Neal Schon: 1971-72

John McLaughlin (musician)>John McLaughlin: 1973

* Doug Rodrigues: 1972-1973

* Chris Solberg: 1978-80

* Jorge Santana: 1993 - 1996

* Alec Evans: 1997 - 1999

* Tommy Anthony: 2005–present

Bass Guitar

Drums

Percussion

* Gus Rodriguez: 1967

David Brown (musician)>David Brown: 1967-71, 1974–76

* Tom Rutley: 1971-72

* Doug Rauch: 1972-73

* Byron Miller: 1976

* Pablo Telez: 1976-77

* David Margen: 1977-82

* Keith Jones: 1983-84, 1989

* Alphonso Johnson: 1985-89, 1992

* Benny Rietveld: 1990-92, 1997-

* Myron Dove: 1992-1996

* Chris DiNoia: 1997-1999

* Chris Schwegler: 2006–present

Danny Aptos (musician)>Danny Aptos: 1967

Rod Harper (musician)>Rod Harper: 1967-68

Bob Livingston (musician)>Bob Livingston: 1968-69

* Michael Shrieve: 1969-74

* Buddy Miles: 1972

* Leon "Ndugu" Chancler: 1974-76, 1988

* Gaylord Birch: 1976, 1991

* Graham Lear: 1976-84

Chester Thompson>Chester C. Thompson: 1984

* Oscar Cozens: 1985-87

* Walfredo Reyes: 1989-91, 1992–93

Billy Johnson (musician)>Billy Johnson: 1991, 1994–96, 2000–2001

* Rodney Holmes: 1993-94, 1997–2000

* Tommie Bradford: 1994

* Horacio "El Negro" Hernandez: 1997

* Ricky Wellman: 1997

* Dennis Chambers: 2004–present

* Mike Carabello (Congas): 1966-67, 1969–71

* Marcus Malone (Congas): 1967-69

José Areas>José "Chepito" Areas (Timbales): 1969-80

* Rico Reyes (Timbales): 1971, 1972

* Victor Pantoja (Timbales): 1971

* Coke Escovedo (Timbales): 1971-72

* Pete Escovedo (Timbales): 1971, 1977–79

* James "Mingo" Lewis (Congas): 1972

* Armando Peraza (Congas, Bongos): 1972-75, 1977–90

* Raul Rekow (Congas, Percussion): 1976–present

* Francisco Aguabella (Congas): 1969-71

* Orestes Vilató (Timbales): 1980-87

* Karl Perazzo (Timbales): 1991–present

Other Instruments

* Jules Broussard: saxophone 1974-75

* Miles Davis: trumpet 1976

* Alex Jackaman: trumpet 1993

* Oran Coltrane: saxophone 1992

* Russell Tubbs: flute 1978

Discography

References

External links

Official website

Santana at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame website

JamBase Interview : Spirit Talk with Carlos Santana

Category:Rock music groups from California Category:Blues rock groups Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Latin Grammy Award winners Category:Musical groups established in 1967 Category:Musical groups from San Francisco, California Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees‎ Category:World Music Awards winners

bg:Сантана (група) cs:Santana Blues Band de:Santana Blues Band es:Santana (banda) fr:Santana (groupe) gl:Santana (banda) ko:산타나 (밴드) it:Santana (gruppo musicale) he:סנטנה pam:Santana (band) nl:Santana (band) ja:サンタナ (バンド) pt:Santana (banda) sk:Santana (americká rocková skupina) fi:Santana (yhtye) sv:Santana (musikgrupp) tr:Santana (grup) uk:Santana

Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	Carlos Santana
background	solo_singer
birth name	Carlos Augusto Alves Santana
alias	Devadip Carlos Santana
born	July 20, 1947Autlán de Navarro, JaliscoMexico
instrument	Vocals, guitar, percussion, violin
genre	Latin rock, chicano rock, Rock, blues rock, funk, jazz fusion, tejano music, salsa, pop, free jazz
occupation	Musician, songwriter
years active	1966–present
label	Arista, Polydor, Columbia, Polygram, CBS
associated acts	Santana, Los Lonely Boys, John McLaughlin
notable instruments	PRS Santana II Yamaha SG2000 DevadipYamaha SG175 Gibson SG
Website	Santana.com }}

Carlos Augusto Alves Santana (born July 20, 1947) is a Mexican rock guitarist. Santana became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s with his band, Santana, which pioneered rock, salsa and jazz fusion. The band's sound featured his melodic, blues-based guitar lines set against Latin and African rhythms featuring percussion instruments such as timbales and congas not generally heard in rock music. Santana continued to work in these forms over the following decades. He experienced a resurgence of popularity and critical acclaim in the late 1990s. In 2003, ''Rolling Stone'' magazine listed Santana at number 15 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He has won 10 Grammy Awards and 3 Latin Grammy Awards.

Biography

Early life

Santana was born in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico. His father was a mariachi violinist, and Carlos learned to play the violin at age five and the guitar at age eight. His younger brother, Jorge Santana, would also become a professional guitarist. Young Carlos was heavily influenced by Ritchie Valens at a time when there were very few Latinos in American rock and pop music. The family moved from Autlán de Navarro to Tijuana, the city on Mexico's border with California, and then San Francisco. Carlos stayed in Tijuana but joined his family in San Francisco later and graduated from James Lick Middle School and Mission High School there. He graduated from Mission High in 1965. Javier Bátiz, a famous guitarist from Tijuana, said to have been Carlos's guitar teacher who taught him to play a different style of guitar soloing. After learning Javier Batiz's techniques, Santana would make them his own as well.

Early career

In San Francisco, he got the chance to see his idols, most notably B.B. King, perform live. He was also introduced to a variety of new musical influences, including jazz and folk music, and witnessed the growing hippie movement centered in San Francisco in the 1960s. After several years spent working as a dishwasher in a diner and busking for spare change, Santana decided to become a full-time musician. In 1966, he gained prominence by a series of accidental events all happening on the same day. Santana was a frequent spectator at Bill Graham's Fillmore West. During a Sunday matinee show, Paul Butterfield was slated to perform there but was unable to do so as a result of being intoxicated. Bill Graham assembled an impromptu band of musicians he knew primarily through his connections with the Grateful Dead, Butterfield's own band and Jefferson Airplane, but he had not yet picked all of the guitarists at the time. Santana's manager, Stan Marcum, immediately suggested to Graham that Santana join the impromptu band and Graham assented. During the jam session, Santana's guitar playing and solo gained the notice of both the audience and Graham. During the same year, Santana formed the Santana Blues Band, with fellow street musicians, David Brown and Gregg Rolie (bassist and keyboard player, respectively).

With their highly original blend of Latin-infused rock, jazz, blues, salsa, and African rhythms, the band (which quickly adapted their frontman's name, Santana) gained an immediate following on the San Francisco club circuit. The band's early success, capped off by a memorable performance at Woodstock in 1969, led to a recording contract with Columbia Records, then run by Clive Davis.

''Santana''

Santana was signed by CBS Records and went into the studio to record their second album. They were not satisfied with the release and decided changes needed to be made. This resulted in the dismissal of Bob Livingston. Santana replaced him with Mike Shrieve, who had a strong background in both jazz and rock. Marcus Malone was forced to quit the band due to personal problems, and the band re-enlisted Michael Carabello. Carabello brought with him percussionist Jose Chepito Areas, who was already well-known in his country, Nicaragua, and, with his skills and professional experience, was a major contributor to the band.

Bill Graham had been a fan of the band from it's inception, arranged for the band to appear at the Woodstock Music and Art Festival before they had even completed their debut album was even released. They were one of the surprises of the festival; their set was legendary and, later, the exposure of their eleven-minute instrumental "Soul Sacrifice" in the ''Woodstock'' film and soundtrack albums vastly increased Santana's popularity. Graham also gave the band some key advice to record the Willie Bobo song "Evil Ways", as he felt it would get them radio airplay. His first eponymous album, ''Santana'', became a huge hit, reaching number four on the U.S. album charts, and the catchy single "Evil Ways" reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 1969, Santana's performance at the Woodstock festival introduced the band to an international audience and garnered critical acclaim, although the band's sudden success put pressure on the group, highlighting the different musical directions in which Rolie and Santana were starting to go. Rolie, along with some of the other band members, wanted to emphasize a basic hard rock sound which had been a key component in establishing the band from the start. Santana, however, was increasingly interested in moving beyond his love of blues and rock and wanted more jazzy, ethereal elements in the music, which were influenced by his fascination with Miles Davis and John Coltrane, as well as his growing interest in spirituality. At the same time, Chepito Areas was stricken with a near-fatal brain hemorrhage, and Santana hoped to continue by finding a temporary replacement (first Willie Bobo, then Coke Escovedo), while others in the band, especially Michael Carabello, felt it was wrong to perform publicly without Areas. Cliques formed, and the band started to disintegrate.

Teenage San Francisco Bay Area guitar prodigy Neal Schon was asked to join the band in 1971, in time to complete the third album, ''Santana III''. The band now boasted a powerful dual-lead-guitar act that gave the album a tougher sound. The sound of the band was also helped by the return of a recuperated Chepito Areas and the assistance of Coke Escovedo in the percussion section. Enhancing the band's sound further was the support of popular Bay Area group Tower of Power's horn section, Luis Gasca of Malo, and other session musicians which added to both percussion and vocals, injecting more energy to the proceedings. ''Santana III'' was another success, reaching number one on the album charts, selling two million copies, and yielding the hits "Everybody's Everything" and "No One to Depend On".

But tension in the band continued. Along with musical differences, drug use became a problem, and Santana was deeply worried it was affecting the band's performance. Coke Escovedo encouraged Santana to take more control of the band's musical direction, much to the dismay of some of the others who thought that the band and its sound was a collective effort. Also, financial irregularities were exposed while under the management of Stan Marcum, whom Bill Graham criticized as being incompetent. Growing resentments between Santana and Michael Carabello over lifestyle issues resulted in his departure on bad terms. James Mingo Lewis was hired at the last minute as a replacement at a concert in New York City. David Brown later left due to substance abuse problems. A South American tour was cut short in Lima, Peru, due to student protests against U.S. governmental policies and unruly fans. The madness of the tour convinced Santana that changes needed to be made in the band and in his life.

In January 1972, Santana, Neal Schon and Coke Escovedo joined former Band of Gypsys drummer Buddy Miles for a concert at Hawaii's Diamond Head Crater, which was recorded for the album, Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live!. The performance was erratic and uneven, but the album managed to achieve gold-record status on the weight of Santana's popularity.

''Caravanserai''

In early 1972, Santana and the remaining members of the band started working on their fourth album, ''Caravanserai''. During the studio sessions, Santana and Michael Shrieve brought in other musicians: percussionists James Mingo Lewis and Latin-Jazz veteran, Armando Peraza replacing Michael Carabello, and bassists Tom Rutley and Doug Rauch replacing David Brown. Also assisting on keyboards were Wendy Haas and Tom Coster. With the unsettling influx of new players in the studio, Gregg Rolie and Neal Schon decided that it was time to leave after the completion of the album, even though both contributed to the session. Rolie returned home to Seattle, and after some time later became a founding member of Journey (which Schon would later join as well).

When ''Caravanserai'' did emerge in 1972, it marked a strong change in musical direction towards jazz fusion. The album received critical praise, but CBS executive Clive Davis warned Santana and the band that it would sabotage the band's position as a "Top 40" act. Nevertheless, over the years, the album would achieve platinum status. The difficulties Santana and the band went through during this period were chronicled in Ben Fong-Torres' ''Rolling Stone'' 1972 cover story "The Resurrection of Carlos Santana".

Santana met Deborah King, whom he later married in 1973. She is the daughter of the late blues singer and guitarist Saunders King. They have three children: Salvador, Stella and Angelica. Together with wife Deborah, Santana founded a not-for-profit organization, the Milagro Foundation, which provides financial aid for educational, medical, and other needs.

Shifting styles and spirituality in the 1970s

In 1972, Santana became a huge fan of the pioneering fusion band The Mahavishnu Orchestra and its guitarist John McLaughlin. Aware of Santana's interest in meditation, McLaughlin introduced Santana and Deborah to his guru, Sri Chinmoy. Chinmoy accepted them as disciples in 1973. Santana was given the name Devadip, meaning "The lamp, light and eye of God." Santana and McLaughlin recorded an album together, ''Love, Devotion, Surrender'' with members of Santana and the Mahavishnu Orchestra, along with percussionist Don Alias and organist Larry Young, who both had made appearances on Miles Davis' classic ''Bitches Brew'' in 1969.

In 1973, Santana, having obtained legal rights to the band's name, Santana, formed a new version of the band, Santana, with Armando Peraza and Chepito Areas on percussion, Doug Rauch on bass, Michael Shrieve on drums, and Tom Coster and Richard Kermode on keyboards. Santana was later able to recruit jazz vocalist Leon Thomas for a tour of Japan, which was recorded for the live, sprawling, high-energy fusion album ''Lotus''. CBS records would not allow its release unless the material was condensed. Santana did not agree to those terms, and the album was available in the U.S. only as an expensive, imported, three-record set. The group later went into the studio and recorded ''Welcome'', which further reflected Santana's interests in jazz fusion and his increasing commitment to the spiritual life of Sri Chinmoy.

A collaboration with John Coltrane's widow, Alice Coltrane, ''Illuminations'', followed. The album delved into avant-garde esoteric free jazz, Eastern Indian and classical influences with other ex-Miles Davis sidemen Jack DeJohnette and Dave Holland. Soon after, Santana replaced his band members again. This time Kermode, Thomas and Rauch departed from the group and were replaced by vocalist Leon Patillo (later a successful Contemporary Christian artist) and returning bassist David Brown. He also recruited soprano saxophonist, Jules Broussard to the lineup. The band recorded one studio album ''Borboletta'', which was released in 1974. Drummer Leon "Ndugu" Chancler later joined the band as a replacement for Michael Shrieve, who left to pursue a solo career.

By this time, the Bill Graham's management company had assumed the affairs of the group. Graham was critical of Santana's direction into jazz and felt he needed to concentrate on getting Santana back into the charts with the edgy, street-wise ethnic sound that had made them famous. Santana himself was seeing that the group's direction was alienating many fans. Although the albums and performances were given good reviews by critics in jazz and jazz fusion circles, sales had plummeted.

Santana along with Tom Coster, producer David Rubinson, and Chandler formed yet another version of Santana, adding vocalist Greg Walker. The 1976 album ''Amigos'', which featured the songs "Dance, Sister, Dance" and "Let It Shine", had a strong funk and Latin sound. The album also received considerable airplay on FM album-oriented rock stations with the instrumental "Europa (Earth's Cry Heaven's Smile)" and re-introduced Santana back into the charts. In 1976, ''Rolling Stone'' ran a second cover story on Santana entitled "Santana Comes Home".

The albums conceived through the late 1970s followed the same formula, although with several lineup changes. Among the personnel who came and left the band was percussionist Raul Rekow, who joined in early 1977 and remains to this day. Most-notable of the band's commercial efforts of this era was a version of the 1960s Zombies hit, "She's Not There", on the 1977 album ''Moonflower''.

The relative success of the band's albums in this era allowed Santana to pursue a solo career funded by CBS. First, ''Oneness: Silver Dreams - Golden Reality'', in 1979 and ''The Swing of Delight'' in 1980, which featured some of his musical heroes: Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Ron Carter and Tony Williams from Miles Davis' legendary 1960s quintet.

The pressures and temptations of being a high-profile rock musician and requisites of the spiritual lifestyle which guru Sri Chinmoy and his followers demanded, were great sources of conflict to Santana's lifestyle and marriage. He was becoming increasingly disillusioned with what he thought was Chinmoy's unreasonable rules imposed on his life, in particular, his refusal to allow Santana and Deborah to start a family. He felt too that his fame was being used to increase the guru's visibility. Santana and Deborah eventually ended their relationship with Chinmoy in 1982.

The 1980s

More radio-pleasing singles followed from Santana and the band. "Winning" in 1981 and "Hold On" (a remake of Canadian artist Ian Thomas' song) in 1982 both reached the top twenty. After his break with Sri Chinmoy, Santana went into the studio to record another solo album with Keith Olson and legendary R&B; producer Jerry Wexler. The 1983 album revisited Santana's early musical experiences in Tijuana with Bo Diddley's "Who Do You Love" and the title cut, Chuck Berry's "Havana Moon". The album's guests included Booker T. Jones, The Fabulous Thunderbirds, Willie Nelson and even Santana's father's mariachi orchestra. Santana again paid tribute to his early rock roots by doing the film score to ''La Bamba'', which was based on the tragically short life of rock and roll legend Ritchie Valens and starred Lou Diamond Philips.

Although the band had concentrated on trying to produce albums with commercial appeal during the 1980s, changing tastes in popular culture began to reflect in the band's sagging record sales of their latest effort ''Beyond Appearances''. In 1985, Bill Graham had to once again pull strings for Santana to convince principal Live Aid concert organizer Bob Geldof to allow the band to appear at the festival. The group's high-energy performance proved they were still a top concert draw the world over despite their poor performance on the charts. Santana regained a great deal of respect in both jazz and rock circles, with Prince and guitarist Kirk Hammett of Metallica citing him as an influence.

The band Santana returned in 1986 with a new album ''Freedom''. Buddy Miles, who was trying to revive his music career after spending much of the late 1970s and early 1980s incarcerated for drug charges, returned for lead vocals. His onstage presence provided a dose of charisma to the show; but, once again, the sales of the album fell below expectations. Growing weary of trying to appease record company executives with formulaic hit records, Santana took great pleasure in jamming and making guest appearances with notables such as the jazz fusion group Weather Report, jazz pianist McCoy Tyner, Blues legend John Lee Hooker, Frank Franklin, Living Colour guitarist Vernon Reid, and West African singer Salif Keita. He and Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead later recorded and performed with Nigerian drummer Babatunde Olatunji, who conceived one of Santana's famous 1960s drum jams, "Jingo". In 1988, Santana organized a reunion with past members from the Santana band for a series of concert dates. CBS records released a 20-year retrospective of the band's accomplishments with ''Viva Santana!''.

That same year Santana formed an all-instrumental group featuring jazz legend Wayne Shorter on tenor and soprano saxophone. The group also included Patrice Rushen on keyboards, Alphonso Johnson on bass, Armando Peraza and Chepito Areas on percussion, and Leon "Ndugu" Chancler on drums. They toured briefly and received much acclaim from the music press, who compared the effort with the era of ''Caravanserai''. Santana released another solo record, ''Blues for Salvador'', which won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.

In 1990, Santana left Columbia Records after twenty-two years and signed with Polygram. The following year, he made a guest appearance on Ottmar Liebert's album ''Solo Para Ti'', on the songs "Reaching out 2 U" and on a cover of his own song, "Samba Pa Ti". In 1992, Santana hired jam band Phish as his opening act.

Return to commercial success

Santana's record sales in the 1990s were very low. Toward the end of the decade, he was without a contract. However, Arista Records' Clive Davis, who had worked with Santana at Columbia Records, signed him and encouraged him to record a star-studded album with mostly younger artists. The result was 1999's ''Supernatural'', which included collaborations with Everlast, Rob Thomas of Matchbox Twenty, Eric Clapton, Lauryn Hill, Wyclef Jean, Cee-Lo, Maná, Dave Matthews, K. C. Porter, J. B. Eckl, and others.

However, the lead single was what grabbed the attention of both fans and the music industry. "Smooth", a dynamic cha-cha stop-start number co-written and sung by Rob Thomas of Matchbox Twenty, was laced throughout with Santana's guitar fills and runs. The track's energy was immediately apparent on radio, and it was played on a wide variety of station formats. "Smooth" spent twelve weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming in the process the last #1 single of the 1990s. The music video, set on a hot barrio street, was also very popular. ''Supernatural'' reached number one on the US album charts and the follow-up single, "Maria Maria", featuring the R&B; duo The Product G&B;, also hit number one, spending ten weeks there in the spring of 2000. ''Supernatural'' eventually sold over 15 million copies in the United States, making it Santana's biggest sales success by far.

Carlos Santana, alongside the classic Santana lineup of their first two albums, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. He performed "Black Magic Woman" with the writer of the song, Fleetwood Mac's founder Peter Green. Green was inducted the same night.

In 2000 ''Supernatural'' won nine Grammy Awards (eight for Santana personally), including Album of the Year, Record of the Year for "Smooth", and Song of the Year for Thomas and Itaal Shur. Santana's acceptance speeches described his feelings about music's place in one's spiritual existence. Later that year at the Latin Grammy Awards he won three awards including Record of the Year. In 2001, Santana's guitar skills were featured in Michael Jackson's song "Whatever Happens", from the album ''Invincible''.

In 2002, Santana released ''Shaman'', revisiting the ''Supernatural'' format of guest artists including P.O.D. and Seal. Although the album was not the runaway success its predecessor had been, it produced two radio-friendly hits. "The Game of Love" featuring Michelle Branch, rose to number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and spent many weeks at the top of the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, and "Why Don't You & I" written by and featuring Chad Kroeger from the group Nickelback (the original and a remix with Alex Band from the group The Calling were combined towards chart performance) which reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100. "The Game of Love" went on to win the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

In early August 2003, Santana was named fifteenth on ''Rolling Stone'' magazine's "List of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

On April 21, 2005, Santana was honored as a BMI Icon at the 12th annual BMI Latin Awards. Santana was the first songwriter designated a BMI Icon at the company's Latin Awards. The honor is given to a creator who has been "a unique and indelible influence on generations of music makers."

In 2005, Herbie Hancock approached Santana to collaborate on an album again using the ''Supernatural'' formula. ''Possibilities'' was released on August 30, 2005, featuring Carlos Santana and Angélique Kidjo on "Safiatou". Also, in 2005, fellow Latin star Shakira invited Santana to play the soft rock guitar ballad "Illegal" on her second English-language studio album Oral Fixation Vol. 2.

Santana's 2005 album ''All That I Am'' consists primarily of collaborations with other artists; the first single, the peppy "I'm Feeling You", was again with Michelle Branch and The Wreckers. Other musicians joining the mix this time included Steven Tyler of Aerosmith, Kirk Hammett from Metallica, hip-hop/reggae star Sean Paul and R&B; singer Joss Stone. In April and May 2006, Santana toured Europe, where he promoted his son Salvador Santana's band as his opening act.

In 2007, Santana appeared, along with Sheila E. and José Feliciano, on Gloria Estefan's album ''90 Millas,'' on the single "No Llores". He also teamed again with Chad Kroeger for the hit single "Into the Night".

In 2008, Santana started working with his long-time friend, Marcelo Vieira, on his solo album ''Marcelo Vieira's Acoustic Sounds'', which is due to be released at the end of the year. It features tracks such as "For Flavia" and "Across the Grave", the latter featuring heavy melodic riffs by Santana.

Carlos Santana performed at the 2009 American Idol Finale with the top 13 finalists, which starred many acts such as KISS, Queen and Rod Stewart. On July 8, 2009, Carlos Santana appeared at the Athens Olympic Stadium in Athens with his 10-member all-star band as part of his "Supernatural Santana – A Trip through the Hits" European tour. On July 10, 2009, he also appeared at Philip II Stadium in Skopje. With 2.5 hours concert and 20 000 people, Santana appeared for the first time in that region. "Supernatural Santana – A Trip through the Hits" is currently playing at The Hard Rock hotel in Las Vegas, where it will play through 2011.

Santana is featured as a playable character in the music video game Guitar Hero 5. A live recording of his song "No One To Depend On" is included in game, which was released on September 1, 2009.

Carlos recently opened a chain of upscale Mexican restaurants called "Maria Maria". It is a combined effort with Chef Roberto Santibañez. They are located in Tempe, Arizona, Mill Valley (now closed), Walnut Creek and Danville, California, Austin, Texas, and Boca Raton, Florida.

Influences

Around the age of 8, Santana "fell under the influence" of blues performers like B.B. King and John Lee Hooker. He also credits Jimi Hendrix, Mike Bloomfield and Peter Green as important influences; he considered Bloomfield a direct mentor, writing of a key meeting with Bloomfield in San Francisco in the foreword he wrote to a biography of Bloomfield, ''Michael Bloomfield: If You Love These Blues-An Oral History'' in 2000.

Equipment

Guitars and effects

Santana played a red Gibson SG Special with P-90 pickups at the Woodstock festival. From 1976 until 1982, his main guitar was a Yamaha SG 175B and sometimes a white Gibson SG Custom with 3 open coil pick-ups. In 1982 he started to use a custom made PRS guitar, which became his main instrument around 1988. Santana currently uses a Santana II model guitar using PRS Santana III pickups with nickel covers and a tremolo, with .009-.042 gauge D'Addario strings. Santana's guitar necks and fretboards are constructed out of a single solid piece of Brazilian Rosewood; this helps create the smooth, singing, glass-like tone for which he is known.

Santana also uses a classical guitar, the Alvarez Yairi CY127CE with Alvarez tension nylon strings.

Santana does not use many effects pedals. His PRS guitar is connected to a Mu-Tron wah wah pedal (or, more recently, a Dunlop 535Q wah) and a T-Rex Replica delay pedal. then through a customized Jim Dunlop amp switcher which in turn is connected to the different amps or cabinets.

Previous setups include an Ibanez Tube Screamer right after the guitar. He is also to have been known to use an Electro Harmonix Big Muff distortion for his famous sustain. In the song "Stand Up" from the album ''Marathon'', Santana uses a Heil talk box in the guitar solo.

Amplifiers

Carlos Santana's distinctive lead guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into a multi-amp setup. The rig consists of a Mesa Boogie Mark I, Dumble Overdrive Reverb and more recently a Bludotone amplifier. Carlos often blends the sounds from each amp in various combinations to achieve a more complex tone. He also literally put the Boogie in Mesa Boogie: "Santana exclaimed to Smith, 'Shit, man. That little thing really Boogies! It was this statement that brought the Boogie name to fruition.'"

Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers, and a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M "Greenback" speakers, depending on the desired sound. Shure KSM-32 microphones are used to pick up the sound, going to the PA. Additionally, a Fender Cyber-Twin Amp is mostly used at home.

Personal life

Carlos Santana became a naturalized American citizen in 1965.

On October 19, 2007, his wife of 34 years, Deborah, filed for divorce citing "irreconcilable differences".

Carlos Santana became engaged to Cindy Blackman, after proposing to her during a concert of the Universal Tone Tour at Tinley Park in Chicago, Illinois on July 9, 2010. The two were married in December 2010.

Discography

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions										[[Music recording sales certification
		!width="30"	!width="30"	AUT	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"
		* Released: July 20, 1973	* Label: Columbia Records	* Format: LP, CD	14	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	7	style="text-align:left;"
	style="text-align:left;"	* Released: October 1974	* Label: Columbia Records	* Format: LP, CD	79	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	40
	style="text-align:left;"	* Released: 1979	* Label: Columbia Records	* Format: LP, CD	—	—	—	12	—	43	—	—	—	55

Awards and nominations

|- | style="text-align:center;"| 1973 | "Caravanserai" | Best Pop Instrumental Performance - With Vocal Coloring | |- | style="text-align:center;"| 1988 | "Blues for Salvador" | Best Rock Instrumental Performance (Orchestra, Group Or Soloist) | |- | style="text-align:center;"| 1993 | "Gypsy/Grajonca" | Best Rock Instrumental Performance | |- | style="text-align:center;"| 1996 | "Every Now And Then" | Best Rock Instrumental Performance | |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="9"| 2000 | rowspan="2"|"Smooth" | Record of the Year | |- | Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals | |- | rowspan="2"|''Supernatural'' | Album of the Year | |- | Best Rock Album | |- | "Maria Maria" | Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal | |- | "El Farol" | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | |- | "The Calling" | Best Rock Instrumental Performance | |- | "Put Your Lights On" | Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group | |- | "Love Of My Life" | Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals | |- | style="text-align:center;"| 2002 | "The Game of Love" | Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals | |}

References

Sources

''Soul Sacrifice; The Carlos Santana Story'' Simon Leng 2000

''Space Between The Stars'' Deborah Santana 2004

''Rolling Stone'' "The Resurrection of Carlos Santana" Ben Fong Torres 1972

''New Musical Express'' "Spirit of Santana" Chris Charlesworth November 1973

''Guitar Player'' Magazine 1978

''Rolling Stone'' "The Epic Life of Carlos Santana" 2000

''Santana I'' – Sony Legacy Edition: liner notes

''Abraxas'' – Sony Legacy Edition: liner notes

''Santana III'' – Sony Legacy edition: liner notes

''Viva Santana'' – CBS CD release 1988; liner notes

''Power, Passion and Beauty – The Story of the Legendary Mahavishnu Orchestra'' Walter Kolosky 2006

''Best of Carlos Santana'' – Wolf Marshall 1996; introduction and interview

Further reading

Chipley Slavicek, Louise. ''Carlos Santana'', Chelsea House Publications or Facts on File, 2006, 119 p., ISBN 0-7910-8844-8

Leng, Simon. ''Soul Sacrifice: The Santana Story'', Firefly-S.A.F. Publishing, 2000, 224 p., ISBN 0-946719-29-2. Republ. as ''Santana'', Catedra, 2002, ISBN 84-376-1947-5

McCarthy, Jim; Ron Sansoe, Ron, foreword by Carlos Santana. ''Voices of Latin Rock: The People and Events That Created This Sound'', Omnibus Press, 2004 and Hal Leonard Publishing, 2005, 316 p., ISBN 0-634-08061-X

Miller, Hal; Santana Debbie; Faulkner, John (ed.), w/ a foreword by Bill Graham. ''Santana: A Retrospective of the Santana Band's Twenty Years in Music'', San Francisco Mission Cultural Center, 1987 or 1988, 50p., no ISBN. Includes a 4-p genealogical tree w/ the members's name for every Santana band from 1966.

Molenda, Michael (ed.). ''Guitar Player Presents Carlos Santana'', Backbeat Books, 2010, 124 p., ISBN 978-0-87930-976-3

Remstein, Henna. ''Carlos Santana (Latinos in the Limelight)'', Chelsea House Publications, 2001, 64 p., ISBN 0-7910-6473-5

Shapiro, Marc. ''Carlos Santana: Back on Top'', St-Martin's Press, 2000 and 2002, 288 p., ISBN 0-312-28852-2

Sumsion, Michael. ''Maximum Santana: The Unauthorized Biography of Santana'', Chrome Dreams, 2003, ISBN 1-84240-107-6. A CD-audio biog

Weinstein, Norman. ''Carlos Santana: A Biography'', Greenwood Press, 2009, 152 p., ISBN 978-0313354205

Woog, Adam. ''Carlos Santana: Legendary Guitarist'', Lucent Books, 2006, 104 p., ISBN 1-59018-972-8

External links

Official website

Milagro Foundation

Information about Carlos Santana

Concerts online at Wolfgang's Vault

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:American Christians Category:American musicians of Mexican descent Category:American rock guitarists Category:Arista Records artists Category:Blues rock musicians Category:Columbia Records artists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Latin Grammy Award winners Category:Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year Honorees Category:Lead guitarists Category:Mexican Christians Category:Mexican emigrants to the United States Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:People from Autlán, Jalisco Category:People from Tijuana Category:Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:Santana (band) members Category:World music musicians Category:World Music Awards winners Category:Chicano rock musicians

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is a talent agency formed by Johnny Kitagawa in 1962. Johnny & Associates trains and promotes groups of male idols, collectively known as , in Japan.

History

1962–1989

In 1962, Kitagawa launched his first group called Johnnys. However, it was not until 1968 did he see his first real success with Four Leaves. Since then, Kitagawa has formed many successful acts such as solo artist Masahiko Kondo, whose song won the Japan Record Award at the 29th Japan Record Awards in 1987, and Hikaru Genji, which became the first Johnny's group to achieve the rare feat of having three top-selling singles on the Japanese Oricon yearly charts in 1988.

1990–2009

Beginning in the 1990s, Johnny & Associates adopted a policy that they would decline the nominations of awards from organizations such as the Japan Record Awards and the Japan Academy Awards partly due to a dispute with the accurate music genre of one of their groups in the 32nd Japan Record Awards. Another reason was that the nominations would cause competition between Johnny's groups and other nominees.

1991 saw the debut of SMAP and their expansion into many other areas of entertainment such as hosting their own regular television and radio shows, appearing in commercials and acting in dramas and movies. Due to their omnipresence on television, SMAP gained popularity and their 2003 single sold over 2.57 million copies and became the ninth best-selling single in Japan. In 1997, the agency started its own record label "Johnny's Entertainment".

2010–present

On November 19, 2010, Masahiko Kondo was elected as the winner of the award for the "Best Vocal Performance" at the 52nd Japan Record Award, becoming the agency's first winner of awards from the Japan Record Award in 20 years since Ninja, which rejected a live performance for an award in 1990.

On February 28, 2011, it was reported that Johnny's Entertainment had lifted the picture ban on their official website. Johnny’s Company is known to be the most strict company of not allowing any of their Johnny’s celebrity pictures in any sites. But recently, pictures of Johnny’s celebrity has appeared at their own site “Johnny’s net“. From the tab “Artist”, you can choose the Johnny’s artist you want to see and click “Profile” to go to the profile page. Though the pictures are small, they definitely have pictures of the artist from Smap, Arashi, V6 to Hey Say Jump on the pages.

In response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami that has devastated much of northern Japan, Johnny's Entertainment has cancelled or postponed 18 of its upcoming concerts including those of Yamashita Tomohisa and Tackey & Tsubasa. Power generators and transporter trucks as well as two thousand litres of gasoline that would have been used at the concerts have instead been donated to the relief effort. Johnny's Entertainment members Takizawa Hideaki, Imai Tsubasa and Nakayama Yuma travelled with the trucks to see the disaster areas first hand. A manager at the company has announced the intention to release a charity single which is expected to involve every act signed with Johnny's Entertainment.

It was announced on the 29th that Johnny’s Company is going to start a new charity project called “Marching J“, a fundraising project for the Touhoku Earthquake victims. The first part of the project will start as an event which will be held from April 1 through April 3. From the company, SMAP, Tokio, Kinki Kids, V6, Arashi, Tackey and Tsubasa, NEWS, Kanjani8, KAT-TUN, Hey! Say! JUMP and some Johnny’s Juniors are going to participate in this first event. The first event will be held at Tokyo, in front of the first Yoyogi gymnasium. The event included talk sessions as well as small a capella performances. Groups will take turns according to their schedule and will have a talk session in front of the fans, also calling out for donations for the earthquake victims. The Johnny’s Company is planning to have an event once each month and is planning to continue this once a month event for an year. The next event is planned to be held on May 29th, a baseball tournament event played by Johnny’s Juniors.

Artists

Current

Johnny & Associates' major bands and artists are subjected to Johnny's Family Club or Johnny's Artist Circle.

1980: Masahiko Kondo

1985: Shōnentai

1991: SMAP

1994: Kenichi Okamoto (ex-Otokogumi)

1994: Tokio

1995: V6

1995: Atsuhiro Sato (ex-Hikaru Genji)

1997: KinKi Kids

1999: Arashi

2002: Tackey & Tsubasa

2003: NEWS (having two members of Tegomass)

2004: Kanjani8

2006: KAT-TUN

2007: Hey! Say! JUMP

2009: NYC

2010: Jin Akanishi (After Jin's departure from KAT-TUN, he became a solo artist under Johnny's much like Masahiko Kondo is now.)

2011: Kis-My-Ft2

Former

1962: Johnnys

1967: Four Leaves

1971: Hiromi Go

1971: Yoshiro Uchida

1973: Teruyoshi Aoi

1975: Johnnys Junior Special

1975: Junichi Inoue

1975: Jo Toyokawa

1975: Yoshitsugu Tonoi

1976: Yasuaki Moriya

1976: Mitoyu

1977: Mayo Kawasaki

1979: Satoshi Akagi

1980: Toshihiko Tahara 1981: Shibugakitai

1981: Ippei Hikaru

1983: The Good-Bye

1985: Shigeyuki Nakamura

1987: Hikaru Genji

1987: Otokogumi 1990: Ninja

Temporary

1998: J-Friends (Tokio, KinKi Kids, V6)

2000: Secret Agent (Noriyuki Higashiyama, Ryo Nishikido)

2005: Toraji-Haiji (Tsuyoshi Domoto, Taichi Kokubun)

2005: Shūji to Akira (Kazuya Kamenashi, Tomohisa Yamashita)

2006: Kitty GYM (Hiromitsu Kitayama, Kei Inoo, Shota Totsuka, Hikaru Yaotome, Golf, Tomohisa Yamashita, Mike)

2007: Trio the Shakiin (Noriyuki Higashiyama, Go Morita, Kenta Suga)

2009: The Shigotonin (Noriyuki Higashiyama, Masahiro Matsuoka, Tadayoshi Okura)

2009: Lands (Jin Akanishi, Takeshi Kobayashi)

Special

:''The special group consists of members from disbanded groups.''

J-Stars (Ex-Otokogumi member Kenichi Okamoto, ex-Hikaru Genji members Koji Uchiumi and Atsuhiro Sato)

Trainees

The trainees of Johnny & Associates are collectively called Johnny's Jrs., and they have yet to debut. Jrs. typically perform both their own songs and the songs of debuted groups on variety shows such as The Shōnen Club as "training" and serve as backup dancers for the agency's debuted groups. Some groups released their works while remaining as trainees and they also sometimes collaborated with non-Johnny's Jr. debuted artists.

Trainees.. A.B.C-Z, Hip Hop JUMP, B.A.D, M.A.D, Nakayama Yuma, Hey! Say! 7 WEST, Little Gangs, Mis Snow Man, B.I.Shadow, Jr. Boys

Debuted Jr. units and collaborations

2002: Ya-ya-yah (Kota Yabu, Naoya Akama, Shoon Yamashita, Taiyo Ayukawa, Hikaru Yaotome, Masaki Hoshino)

2007: Hey! Say! 7 (Ryosuke Yamada, Yuto Nakajima, Yuri Chinen, Daiki Arioka, Yuya Takaki)

2008: Matchy with Question? (Masahiko Kondo, Daijiro Yonemura, Yoshihiro Yodogawa, Kazuyori Fujiie, Akun Igo, Daisuke Ishigaki)

2009: Yuma Nakayama w/B.I.Shadow (Yuma Nakayama, Kento Nakajima, Fuma Kikuchi, Hokuto Matsumura, Yugo Kochi)

2009: NYC boys (Ryosuke Yamada, Yuri Chinen, Yuma Nakayama, Kento Nakajima, Fuma Kikuchi, Hokuto Matsumura, Yugo Kochi)

2009: Snow Prince Gasshōdan (Shintarō Morimoto, Shintarō Kishimoto, Reia Nakamura, Kei Kurita, Yūya Ōtsuka, Tatsuya Horinouchi, Aoi Okada, Yūki Haba, Ryō Hashimoto, Mizuki Inoue, Aoi Chino)

2010: NYC (Ryosuke Yamada, Yuri Chinen, Yuma Nakayama)

See also

List of record labels

Hadaka no Shounen

List of when Johnny's joined the Johnny's-Jimusho

Footnotes

References

External links

Official Japanese website Official Asia website

Category:J-pop Category:Japanese record labels Category:Japanese talent agencies Category:Record labels established in 1963 *

de:Johnny & Associates es:Johnny & Associates fr:Johnny & Associates ko:자니즈 사무소 id:Johnny & Associates ja:ジャニーズ事務所 pl:Johnny & Associates pt:Johnny & Associates ru:Johnny & Associates simple:Johnny & Associates sv:Johnny & Associates th:จอห์นนีและสหาย vi:Johnny & Associates zh:傑尼斯事務所

James Montgomery (4 November 1771 – 30 April 1854) was a British editor, hymnwriter and poet. He was particularly associated with humanitarian causes such as the campaigns to abolish slavery and to end the exploitation of child chimney sweeps.

Early life and poetry

Montgomery was born at Irvine in Ayrshire, the son of a pastor and missionary of the Moravian Brethren. He was sent to be trained for the ministry at the Moravian School at Fulneck, near Leeds, while his parents left for the West Indies, where both died within a year of each other. At Fulneck, secular studies were banned, but James nevertheless found means of borrowing and reading a good deal of poetry and made ambitious plans to write epics of his own. Failing school, he was apprenticed to a baker in Mirfield, then to a store-keeper at Wath-upon-Dearne. After further adventures, including an unsuccessful attempt to launch himself into a literary career in London, he moved to Sheffield in 1792 as assistant to Joseph Gales, auctioneer, bookseller and printer of the ''Sheffield Register'', who introduced Montgomery into the local Lodge of Oddfellows. In 1794, Gales left England to avoid political prosecution and Montgomery took the paper in hand, changing its name to the ''Sheffield Iris''.

These were times of political repression and he was twice imprisoned on charges of sedition. The first time was in 1795 for printing a poem celebrating the fall of the Bastille; the second in 1796 was for criticising a magistrate for forcibly dispersing a political protest in Sheffield. Turning the experience to some profit, in 1797 he published a pamphlet of poems written during his captivity as ''Prison Amusements''. For some time the 'Iris' was the only newspaper in Sheffield; but beyond the ability to produce fairly creditable articles from week to week, Montgomery was devoid of the journalistic faculties which would have enabled him to take advantage of his position. Other newspapers arose to fill the place which his might have occupied and in 1825 he sold it on to local bookseller John Blackwell.

Meanwhile Montgomery was continuing to write poetry and achieved some fame with ''The Wanderer of Switzerland'' (1806), a poem in six parts written in 7-syllable cross-rhymed quatrains. The poem addressed the French annexation of Switzerland and quickly went through two editions. When it was denounced the following year in the conservative ''Edinburgh Review'' as a poem that would be speedily forgotten, Lord Byron came to its defence in the satire ''English Bards and Scotch Reviewers''. Nevertheless, within eighteen months a fourth impression of 1500 copies was issued from the very presses that had printed the critique and several more were to follow. This success brought Montgomery a commission from the printer Bowyer to write a poem on the abolition of the slave trade, to be published along with other poems on the subject in a handsome illustrated volume. The subject appealed at once to the poet's philanthropic enthusiasm and to his own touching associations with the West Indies. The four-part poem in heroic couplets appeared in 1809 as ''The West Indies''.

Montgomery also used heroic couplets for ''The World before the Flood'' (1812), a piece of historical reconstruction in ten cantos. Following this he turned to attacking the lottery in ''Thoughts on Wheels'' (1817) and taking up the cause of the chimney sweeps' apprentices in ''The Climbing Boys' Soliloquies''. His next major poem was ''Greenland'' (1819), a poem in five cantos of heroic couplets. This was prefaced by a description of the ancient Moravian church, its 18th century revival and mission to Greenland in 1733. The poem was noted for the beauty of its descriptions: ::::The moon is watching in the sky; the stars ::::Are swiftly wheeling on their golden cars; ::::Ocean, outstretcht with infinite expanse, ::::Serenely slumbers in a glorious trance; ::::The tide, o’er which no troubled spirits breathe, ::::Reflects a cloudless firmament beneath, ::::Where poised as in the centre of a sphere ::::A ship above and ship below appear; ::::A double image pictured on the deep, ::::The vessel o’er its shadow seems to sleep; ::::Yet, like the host of heaven, that never rest, ::::With evanescent motion to the west, ::::The pageant glides through loneliness and night, ::::And leaves behind a rippling wake of light. ::::(''Canto 1, lines 1-14'')

Later career

After retiring from newspaper editorship, Montgomery's only other long poem is ''The Pelican Island'' (1828), nine cantos of descriptive blank verse of which he was scarcely a master. But Montgomery himself expected that his name would live, if at all, in his hymns. Some of these, such as "Hail to the Lord's Anointed", "Prayer is the Soul's Sincere Desire" and the carol "Angels from the Realms of Glory", are still sung. The earliest of his hymns dates from his days in Wath on Dearne and he added to their number over the years. The main boost came when the Revd James Cotterill arrived at the parish church (now the cathedral) in 1817. He had compiled and published ''A Selection of Psalms and Hymns Adapted to the Services of the Church of England'' in 1810 but to his disappointment and concern he found that his new parishioners did not take kindly to using it. He therefore enlisted the help of James Montgomery to help him revise the collection and improved it by adding some hymns of the poet's own composition. This new edition, meeting with the approval of the Archbishop of York (and eventually of the parishioners of St Paul’s), was finally published in 1820. In 1822 Montgomery published his own ''Songs of Zion: Being Imitations of Psalms'', the first of several more collections of hymns. During his life he composed some 400, although less than a hundred are current today.

From 1835 until his death Montgomery lived at The Mount on Glossop Road in Sheffield. He was very well regarded in the city and played an active part in its philanthropic and religious life. Following his death in 1854, he was honoured by a public funeral. In 1861 a monument designed by John Bell (1811-1895) was erected over his grave in the Sheffield cemetery at the cost of £1000, raised by public subscription at the initiative of the Sheffield Sunday School Union, of which he was among the founding members. On its granite pedestal is inscribed 'Here lies interred, beloved by all who knew him, the Christian poet, patriot, and philanthropist. Wherever poetry is read, or Christian hymns sung, in the English language, 'he being dead, yet speaketh' by the genius, piety and taste embodied in his writings.' There are also extracts from his poems "Prayer" and "The Grave". After it fell into disrepair the statue was moved to the precinct of Sheffield Cathedral in 1971, where there is also a memorial window.

Elsewhere in Sheffield there are various streets named after Montgomery and a Grade II listed drinking fountain on Broad Lane. The meeting hall of the Sunday Schools Union (now known as the Sheffield Christian Education Council), situated in Surrey Street, was renamed in his honour in 1886; it also houses a small theatre which also bears his name. Elsewhere, Wath on Dearne, flattered by being called 'the queen of villages' in his work, has repaid the compliment by naming after him a community hall, a street and a square. His birthplace in Irving was renamed Montgomery House after he paid the town a return visit in 1841 but has since been demolished.

Other works

''Verses to the Memory of the Late Richard Reynolds, of Bristol'', London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1816

''Poetical Works'', four editions in 1828, 1836, 1841, and 1854

ed. ''The Chimney-Sweeper's Friend and Climbing-Boy's Album'', London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1824. Garland facsimile, intro. by Donald H. Reiman, 1978

ed. ''The Christian Psalmist; or, Hymns, Selected and Original'', Glasgow: Chalmers and Collins, 1825. 6th edn. 1829

ed. ''The Christian poet; or, selections in verse on sacred subjects'', Wm Collins, Glasgow, 1825

''Original Hymns For Public, Private, and Social Devotion'', London: Longman, Brown, Green, 1853

''Sacred Poems and Hymns: for Public and Private Devotion'', New York: Appleton, 1854

''Prose by a Poet'', 2 vols, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1824

''Lectures on Poetry and General Literature'', London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, 1833 ''A Practical Detail of the Cotton Manufacture of the United States of America; and the State of the Cotton Manufacture of that Country Contrasted and Compared with that of Great Britain; with Comparative Estimates of the Cost of Manufacturing in both Countries'', Glasgow: J. Niven, 1840

References

External links

The 1854 illustrated edition of Montgomery's poems

John Holland and James Everett, ''Memoirs of the life and writings of James Montgomery: including selections from his correspondence, remains in prose and verse, and conversations on various subjects'', London, 1855

Category:1771 births Category:1854 deaths Category:History of Sheffield Category:Burials at Sheffield General Cemetery Category:Christian hymnwriters Category:Writers of the Moravian Church Category:English people of the Moravian Church Category:People educated at Fulneck School

ja:ジェームズ・モントゴメリ no:James Montgomery sv:James Montgomery zh:詹姆斯·蒙哥马利

Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	Salvador Santana
background	group_or_band
origin	United States, San Francisco Bay Area
genre	Rock, Electronic Music, Hip-Hop
years active	1999–present
label	Quannum
website	www.salvadorsantana.com
associated acts	Money Mark, Del The Funky Homosapien, GZA }}

Salvador Santana was born in 1983 in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is a Latin instrumentalist whose main instrument is the keyboard. He sings and loves spoken word, but piano and keyboard have always been his mainstays. He is the son of ten-time Grammy winning guitarist Carlos Santana and poet/author Deborah Santana. His maternal grandfather, Saunders King, is an icon of American blues and his paternal grandfather, Jose Santana, is a legendary violinist and mariachi bandleader.

Santana began playing piano at the age of five. He was instructed by Marcia Miget. He later went on to study music at San Francisco School of the Arts High School. He took up playing percussion and found a niche with the tympani drum. He also played piano in the school's award-winning jazz band.

In 1999, Salvador collaborated with his father on the Grammy winning track “El Farol” off the smash album ''Supernatural''.

For higher education, Santana attended California Institute of the Arts in Valencia, California.

Salvador Santana Band (2004 - 2008)

In 2004 Salvador established the Salvador Santana Band. Members of the group were Emerson Cardenas (bass), Quincy McQuary (vocals, keyboards), Woody Aplanalp (guitar), Tony Austin (drums) and José Espinoza (sax, percussion, vocals). With them Salvador prefers a fresh musical style which incorporates elements of hip hop and jazz. His musical roots stem from the Latin rock of Carlos Santana, his grandfathers, Saunders King and Jose Santana, as well as the music of jazz artists John Coltrane, Herbie Hancock, Thelonious Monk, and Oscar Peterson and a healthy implementation of contemporary hip-hop acts like Atmosphere, Ozomatli.

''Keyboard City'' (2008 - Present)

In 2009 Salvador entered the studio to record his second major studio album / first solo album ''Keyboard City''. He enlisted underground legends Del The Funky Homosapien, Money Mark (Beastie Boys), and GZA to help him with the album's production.

''Keyboard City'' was built on what Salvador called "a mix of my favorite music, the best of what’s impacted my life, all coming together in a new way." Salvador first masterminded the direction for the album after a 2008 Remixes project where Del The Funky Homosapien was commissioned to remix the SSB song "Hella Tight". The synergy between Salvador and Del, along with the eclectic and fresh sound of the Remixes project was the inspiration for the new musical direction in the studio for his sophomore release.

In late fall 2009 a series of remix MP3s of the album's title track "Keyboard City" were released on the internet. These remixes were performed by internet DJs, The Hood Internet as well as indie electronic musician Dan Deacon, both remixes featured vocals by GZA. These remix MP3s were wildly popular, appearing on tastemaker music sites such as Brooklyn Vegan, Pitchfork Media, and My Old Kentucky Blog.

''Keyboard City'' was released on February 2, 2010 via Quannum Projects. Keyboard Magazine declared that "Funkadelic and the Meters had a love child who was then raised by Esquivel in a space age bachelor pad full of analog synths." The magazine also stated, "On December 31, 2019, ''Keyboard City'' may well be remembered as one of the standout neo-funk records of the decade." Allmusic.com gave the album 4.5 out of 5 stars and Spin Magazine gave the album 3 out of 5 stars.

In March 2010 Salvador will launch a Spring tour in support of ''Keyboard City'', hitting the road with The New Mastersounds.

External links

Official Site

Official Twitter Page

Official Facebook Page

Official Myspace Page

References

Category:1983 births Category:Living people

cs:Salvador Santana de:Salvador Santana