Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
Name	Lyon
Image flag size	115px
Image coat of arms	Blason_Lyon.png
Image coat of arms size	115px
Coat of arms legend	City coat of arms
City motto	''Avant, avant, Lion le melhor.''(Franco-Provençal: Forward, forward, Lyon the best)
Longitude	4.842223
Latitude	45.759723
Time zone	CET (GMT +1)
Insee	69123
Postal code	69001-69009
Region	Rhône-Alpes
Department	Rhône (69)
Arrondissement	Lyon
Canton	chief town of 14 cantons
Mayor	Gérard Collomb
Party	PS
Term	2008–2014
Subdivisions entry	Subdivisions
Area km2	47.95
Elevation min m	162
Elevation max m	305
Subdivisions	9 arrondissements
Population date	2008
Population	483181
Population ranking	3rd in France
Urban area km2	954.19
Urban area date	1999
Urban pop	1,422,331
Urban pop date	2007
Metro area km2	3306
Metro area date	2006
Metro area pop	1,757,180
Metro area pop date	2007
Intercom details	Urban Community of Lyon
Website	lyon.fr }}

Lyon (; , ; or anglicized as Lyons), is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called ''Lyoner'' (singular) and ''Lyoners'' (plurial).

The city of Lyon has 480,660 inhabitants. Together with its suburbs and satellite towns, Lyon forms the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris, with the population of its urban area estimated to be 1,422,331 and that of its metropolitan area 1,757,180. Its urban region represents half of the Rhône-Alpes region population with 2.9 million inhabitants. Lyon is the capital of this region, as well as the capital of the smaller Rhône département.

The city is known for its historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lyon was historically known as an important area for the production and weaving of silk and in modern times has developed a reputation as the capital of gastronomy in France. It has a significant role in the history of cinema due to Auguste and Louis Lumière. The local professional football team, Olympique Lyonnais, has increased the profile of Lyon internationally through participation in European football championships.

Economically, Lyon is a major centre for banking and also the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotech industries. The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games, and in recent years has focussed on a growing local start-up sector. Lyon also hosts the international headquarters of Interpol, Euronews and International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon is ranked 2nd in France as an economic centre and convention centre on some measures. Lyon was in 2010 ranked 9th globally and 2nd in France for innovation.

History

:''Main article for early history: Lugdunum''. ''Main article for later history: History of Lyon''. :

Lyon was founded on the Fourvière hill as a Roman colony in 43 BC by Munatius Plancus, a lieutenant of Caesar, on the site of a Gaulish hill-fort settlement called Lug[o]dunon, from the Celtic god Lugus ('Light', cognate with Old Irish ''Lugh'', Modern Irish ''Lú'') and ''dúnon'' (hill-fort). Lyon was first named Lugdunum meaning the "hill of lights" or "the hill of crows". Lug was equated by the Romans to Mercury.

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa recognized that Lugdunum's position on the natural highway from northern to south-eastern France made it a natural communications hub, and he made Lyon the starting point of the principal Roman roads throughout Gaul. It then became the capital of Gaul, partly thanks to its convenient location at the convergence of two navigable rivers, and quickly became the main city of Gaul. Two emperors were born in this city: Claudius and Caracalla. Today, the archbishop of Lyon is still referred to as "Primat des Gaules" and the city often referred to as the "capitale des Gaules".

The Christians in Lyon were martyred for their religion under the reigns of the various Roman emperors, most notably Marcus Aurelius and Septimus Severus. Local saints from this period include saints such as Blandina (Blandine), Pothinus (Pothin), and Epipodius (Épipode), among others.

The great Christian bishop of Lyon in the 2nd century was the Easterner Irenaeus.

Burgundian refugees from the destruction of Worms by Huns in 437 were resettled by the military commander of the west, Aëtius, at Lugdunum, which was formally the capital of the new Burgundian kingdom by 461.

In 843, by the Treaty of Verdun, Lyon, with the country beyond the Saône, went to Lothair I, and later became a part of the Kingdom of Arles. Lyon only came under French control in the 14th century.

Fernand Braudel remarked, ''Historians of Lyon are not sufficiently aware of the bi-polarity between Paris and Lyon, which is a constant structure in French development'' ''from the late Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution'' (Braudel 1984 p. 327). The fairs in Lyon, the invention of Italian merchants, made it the economic countinghouse of France in the late 15th century. When international banking moved to Genoa, then Amsterdam, Lyon simply became the banking centre of France; its new Bourse (treasury), built in 1749, still resembled a public bazaar where accounts were settled in the open air. During the Renaissance, the city developed with the silk trade, especially with Italy; the Italian influence on Lyon's architecture can still be seen.

Lyon was a scene of mass violence against Huguenots in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacres in 1572.

During the French Revolution, Lyon rose up against the National Convention and supported the Girondins. In 1793, the city was under siege for over two months, assaulted by the Revolutionary armies, before eventually surrendering. Several buildings were destroyed, especially around the Place Bellecour, and Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois with Joseph Fouché administered the execution of more than 2,000 people. A decade later, Napoleon himself ordered the reconstruction of all the buildings demolished during this period.

Thanks to the silk trade, the city became an important industrial town during the 19th century but in 1831 and 1834, the silk workers of Lyon, known as ''canuts'', staged two major uprisings. The 1831 uprising saw one of the first recorded uses of the black flag as an emblem of protest. The world's first funicular railway was built between Lyon and La Croix-Rousse in 1862.

Lyon was a centre for the occupying German forces and also a stronghold of resistance during World War II, and the city is now home to a resistance museum. ''(See also Klaus Barbie.)'' The ''traboules'', or secret passages, through the houses enabled the local people to escape Gestapo raids.

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Geography

Lyon's geography is dominated by the Rhône and Saône rivers that converge to the south of the historic city centre forming a peninsula or "''Presqu'île''"; two large hills, one to the west and one to the north of the historic city centre; and a large plain which sprawls eastward from the historic city centre. The original medieval city (Vieux Lyon) was built on the west bank of the Saône river at the foot of the Fourvière hill, west of the Presqu'île. This area, along with portions of the Presqu'île and much of the Croix-Rousse is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

To the west is Fourvière, known as "''the hill that prays''", the location for the highly decorated basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, several convents, the palace of the Archbishop, the Tour métallique (a highly visible TV tower, replicating the last stage of the Eiffel Tower) and a funicular (a railway on a steep hill).

To the north is the Croix-Rousse, "''the hill that works''", traditionally home to many small silk workshops, an industry for which the city was once renowned.

Place Bellecour is located on the Presqu'île between the two rivers and is the third largest public square in France. The broad, pedestrian-only Rue de la République leads north from Place Bellecour. The 2nd arrondissement has many of the finest old residential buildings in Lyon and the area is known for its concentration of old Lyonnaise Catholic families, particularly in the Ainay part of the arrondissement.

East of the Rhône from the Presqu'île is a large area of flat ground upon which sits much of modern Lyon and most of the city's population. Situated in this area is the urban centre of Part-Dieu which clusters the Tour Part-Dieu (affectionately nicknamed "The Pencil"), the Tour Oxygène, the Tour Swiss Life, a shopping centre, and one of Lyon's two major rail terminals, Lyon Part-Dieu.

North of this district is the relatively wealthy 6th arrondissement, which is home to the Parc de la Tête d'Or, one of Europe's largest urban parks, the prestigious Lycée du Parc to the south of the park, and Interpol's world headquarters on the park's western edge. The park contains a free zoo that has recently been upgraded.

Climate

Lyon is classed as borderline Oceanic and Humid Subtropical (Koppen ''Cfb''/''Cfa''). Winters are cooler than much of the rest of France due to its more inland position, but generally not cold, averaging in January. Summers are very warm, averaging in July. Precipitation is adequate year-round, at an average of , but the winter months are the driest.

Administration and arrondissements

Lyon is the capital of the Rhône-Alpes ''région'', the ''préfecture'' of the Rhône ''département'', and the capital of 14 ''cantons'', covering 1 ''commune'', and with a total population of 480,660.

The Urban Community of Lyon, also known as Greater Lyon is the intercommunal structure gathering the city and some of its suburbs. The Urban Community encompasses only the core of the metropolitan area of Lyon.

Like Paris and Marseille, the city of Lyon is divided into a number of municipal arrondissements, each of which is identified by a number and has its own council and town hall. Five arrondissements were originally created in 1852, when three neighbouring communes (La Croix-Rousse, La Guillotière, and Vaise) were annexed by Lyon. Between 1867 and 1959, the 3rd arrondissement (which originally covered the whole of the Left Bank of the Rhône) was split three times, creating a new arrondissement in each case. Then, in 1963, the commune of Saint-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe was annexed to Lyon's 5th arrondissement. A year later, in 1964, the 5th was split to create Lyon's 9th – and, to date, final – arrondissement. Within each arrondissement, there are a number of recognisable ''quartiers'' or neighbourhoods:

1st arrondissement : Slopes of La Croix-Rousse, Terreaux, Martinière/St-Vincent

2nd arrondissement : Cordeliers, Bellecour, Ainay, Perrache, Confluent

3rd arrondissement : Guillotière (north), Préfecture, Part-Dieu, Villette, Dauphiné/Sans Souci, Montchat, Grange Blanche (north), Monplaisir (north)

4th arrondissement : Plateau de la Croix-Rousse, Serin

5th arrondissement : Vieux Lyon (Saint-Paul, Saint-Jean, Saint-Georges), Saint-Just, Saint-Irénée, Fourvière, Point du Jour, Ménival, Battières, Champvert (south)

6th arrondissement : Brotteaux, Bellecombe, Parc de la Tête d'Or, Cité Internationale

7th arrondissement : Guillotière (south), Jean Macé, Gerland

8th arrondissement : Monplaisir (south), Bachut, États-Unis, Grand Trou/Moulin à Vent, Grange Blanche (south), Laënnec, Mermoz, Monplaisir-la-Plaine

9th arrondissement : Vaise, Duchère, Rochecardon, St-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe, Gorge de Loup, Observance, Champvert (north)

Geographically, Lyon's two main rivers, the Saône and the Rhône, divide the arrondissements into three groups:

To the west of the Saône, the 5th arrondissement covers the old city (Vieux Lyon), Fourvière hill and the plateau beyond. The 9th is immediately to the north, and stretches from Gorge de Loup, through Vaise to the neighbouring suburbs of Écully, Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or and Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or.

Between the two rivers, on the Presqu'île are the 2nd, 1st and 4th arrondissements. The 2nd includes most of the city centre, including Bellecour and Perrache railway station, and reaches as far as the confluence of the two rivers. The 1st is directly to the north of the 2nd and covers part of the city centre (including the Hôtel de Ville) and the slopes of La Croix-Rousse. To the north of the Boulevard is the 4th arrondissement, which covers the Plateau of La Croix-Rousse, up to its boundary with the commune of Caluire-et-Cuire.

To the east of the Rhône, are the 3rd, 6th, 7th and 8th arrondissements.

Culture

Name	Historic Site of Lyons
Imagecaption	Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière on the hill.
State party
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iv
Id	872
Region	Europe and North America
Year	1998
Link	http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/872 }}

Since the Middle Ages, the residents of the region, speak several dialects of Arpitan language. The Lyonnais dialect was partly replaced by the French language as the importance of the city grew. However, it is still alive and, in addition, some "frenchified" Franco-Provençal words can also be heard in the French of the Lyonnais, who call their little boys and girls "gones" and "fenottes" for example. Lyon was an early centre for printing books, and nurtured a circle of 16th century poets.

The Lumière brothers pioneered cinema in the town in 1895. The Musée Lumière, built as Auguste Lumiere's house, and a fascinating piece of architecture in its own right, holds many of their first inventions and other early cinematic and photographic artefacts.

8 December each year is marked by the Festival of Lights (la Fête des lumières), a celebration of thanks to the Virgin Mary, who purportedly saved the city from a deadly plague in the Middle Ages. During the event, the local population places candles (''lumignons'') at their windows and the city of Lyon organizes impressive large-scale light shows onto the sides of important Lyonnais monuments, such as the medieval Cathédrale St-Jean.

The church of Saint Francis of Sales is famous for its large and unaltered Cavaillé-Coll pipe organ, attracting audiences from around the world.

The Opéra Nouvel (Nouvel Opera House) is the home of the Opéra National de Lyon. The original opera house was re-designed by the distinguished French architect, Jean Nouvel between 1985 and 1993 and is named after him.

Lyon is also the French capital of "''trompe l'œil''"-walls, a very ancient tradition. Many are to be seen everywhere around the city. This old tradition is now expending in a contemporary expression. See for example Guillaume Bottazzi art work.

The Brothers of the Sacred Heart, a Roman Catholic congregation that operates schools in Europe and North America, was founded in Lyon in 1821.

The African Museum of Lyon is one of the oldest museums situated in Lyon.

The Museum of Resistance and Deportation looks at the various persons prominent in the Resistance movement in World War II. The building is strongly linked to Klaus Barbie. Lyon sees itself as the centre of the French resistance and many members were shot in Place Bellecour in the town centre. The exhibition is largely a series of mini-biographies of those involved.

The unusual project Lyon Dubai City, a reproduction of some districts of Lyon in Dubai, is a major point for the tourism in Lyon.

Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Historic Site of Lyon was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. In their designation, UNESCO cited the "exceptional testimony to the continuity of urban settlement over more than two millennia on a site of great commercial and strategic significance." The specific regions composing the Historic Site include the Roman district and Fourvière, the Renaissance district (Vieux Lyon), the silk district (slopes of Croix-Rousse), and the Presqu'île, which features architecture from the 12th century to modern times. Both Vieux Lyon and the slopes of Croix-Rousse are known for their narrow passageways (named ''traboules'') that pass through buildings and link streets on either side. The first examples of traboules are thought to have been built in Lyon in the 4th century. The traboules allowed the inhabitants to get from their homes to the Saône river quickly and allowed the canuts on the Croix-Rousse hill to get quickly from their workshops to the textile merchants at the foot of the hill.

Gastronomy

For several centuries Lyon has been known as the French capital of gastronomy, due, in part, to the presence of many of France's finest chefs in the city and its surroundings (e.g. Paul Bocuse). This reputation also comes from the fact that two of France's best known wine-growing regions are located near Lyon: the Beaujolais to the North, and the Côtes du Rhône to the South. Beaujolais wine is very popular in Lyon and remains the most common table wine served with local dishes.

Lyon is the home of very typical and traditional restaurants serving local dishes, and local wines: the bouchons.

The city is famous for its morning snacks formerly had by its silk workers, the mâchons, made up of local charcuterie and usually accompanied by Beaujolais red wine. Traditional local dishes include Rosette lyonnaise and saucisson de Lyon (sausage), andouillette (a sausage of coarsely cut tripe), pistachio sausage, coq au vin, esox (pike) quenelle, gras double (tripe cooked with onions), salade lyonnaise (lettuce with bacon, croutons and a poached egg), marrons glacés, coussin de Lyon and cardoon au gratin.

Cervelle de canut (lit. silk worker's brains) is a cheese spread/dip, a Lyonnais speciality. The dish is a base of fromage blanc, seasoned with chopped herbs, shallots, salt, pepper, olive oil and vinegar.

Economy

The GDP of Lyon is 62 billion euro, and the city is the second richest city after Paris. Lyon and its region Rhône-Alpes represent one of the most important economies in Europe and, according to the Loughborough university, can be compared to Philadelphia, Mumbai or Athens concerning its international position. The city of Lyon is working in partnerships to more easily enable the establishment of new headquarters in the territory (ADERLY, Chambre du commerce et d'industrie, Grand Lyon...). According to the ECER-Banque Populaire, Lyon is the 14th favorite city in the European Union concerning the creation of companies and investments. High-tech industries like biotechnology, software development, game design, and internet services are also growing. Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Lyon is home to some of the most dangerous viruses in the world (class 4) in the Jean Merieux laboratory of research, like Ebola, Marburg, Nipah, Hendra, and Lassa.

The city is the headquarters of many companies like Euronews, Lyon Airports, BioMérieux, Sanofi Pasteur, LCL S.A., Cegid Group, Boiron, Infogrames, Groupe SEB, LVL Medical, GL Events, Compagnie Nationale du Rhône, and intergovernmental agencies IARC, Interpol. The specialization of some sectors of activities have the consequence of creating several main business centers: La Part-Dieu, located in the 3rd arrondissement is the second biggest business quarter after La Défense in Paris with over of office space and services and more than 40,000 jobs. ''Cité Internationale'', created by the architect Renzo Piano is located in the border of the Parc de la Tête d'Or in the 6th arrondissement. The worldwide headquarters of Interpol is located there. The district of ''Confluence'', in the south of the historic centre, is a new pole of economical and cultural development.

Tourism provides a big boost to the Lyon economy with one billion euros in 2007 and 3.5 million hotel nights in 2006 provided by non-residents. Approximately 60% of tourists visit for business with the rest for leisure. In January 2009 Lyon ranked first in France for hostels business. The festivals most important for attracting tourists are the ''Fête des lumières'', the ''Nuits de Fourvière'' every summer, the ''Biennale d'art contemporain'' and the ''Nuits Sonores''.

Demographics

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Main sights

Antiquity

The Roman ruins on the hillside near the Fourviere Basilica with the Ancient Theatre of Fourvière, the Odeon of Lyon and the accompanying Gallo-Roman Museum.

Amphitheatre of the Three Gauls, roman ruins of an amphiteatre.

Middle Ages and Renaissance

Cathedral of St. John, a medieval church with architectural elements of the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. It is the principal religious structure in the city and the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon.

Basilica of St-Martin-d'Ainay is one of the rare surviving Romanesque basilica-style churches in Lyon.

Église Saint-Paul, Romanesque (12 and 13th century) and Gothic (15–16th century) church.

Église Saint-Bonaventure, 14th- and 15th-century Gothic church.

Eglise Saint-Nizier, Gothic church from the 15th century. Its doorway was carved in the 16th century by Philibert Delorme.

Vieux Lyon (English: Old Lyon) area – Medieval and Renaissance quarter of the town, with cobbled streets, shops, and dining.

The many Renaissance ''hôtels particuliers'' of the Old Lyon quarter, such as the ''Hôtel de Bullioud,'' also built by Philibert Delorme.

17th and 18th century

City Hall on place des Terreaux, built by architects Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Robert de Cotte.

Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon, fine arts museum housed in a former convent of the 17th century, including the Baroque ''chapelle Saint-Pierre''.

Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon (17th and 18th century), historical hospital with a baroque chapel.

Temple du Change (17th and 18th century), former stock exchange of Lyon, Protestant temple since the 18th century.

Place Bellecour, one of the largest town squares in Europe.

Chapelle de la Trinité (1622), the first Baroque chapel built in Lyon, it was part of the former Ecole de la Trinité, now Collège-lycée Ampère.

Église Saint-Polycarpe (1665–1670), Classical church.

Église Saint-Just (16th to 18th century), Classical church.

Saint-Bruno des Chartreux (17th and 18th century), church, masterpiece of Baroque architecture.

Église Notre Dame Saint-Vincent (18th century), Neoclassical church.

19th century and modern city

Opéra National de Lyon (1831), renovated in 1993 by Jean Nouvel.

Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, large 19th century basilica on the top of Fourvière Hill.

Tour métallique de Fourvière (1894).

''La Mouche'' Cattle Market and Abbatoir (1914, 1928), designed by Tony Garnier.

Sainte Marie de La Tourette monastery (1960) designed by Le Corbusier

Saint-Exupéry International Airport (formerly Satolas Airport), designed by Guillaume Gilbert.

Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry (1994) by Santiago Calatrava.

Palais des congrès de Lyon (1998), designed by Renzo Piano is a group of buildings for various functions.

Tour du Crédit Lyonnais

Tour Oxygène

Tour Incity

Museums

Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon (''Fine Arts Museum''), main museum of the city and one of the largest art galleries in France. Housed in the "Palais Saint Pierre", a former 17th century convent, it displays a major collection of paintings (Tintoretto, Paolo Veronese, Nicolas Poussin, Rubens, Rembrandt, Zurbaran, Canaletto, Delacroix, Monet, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Cézanne, Matisse, Picasso, Francis Bacon...), collections of sculptures, drawings and printings, decorative arts, roman and Greek antiquities, the second largest collection of Egyptian antiquities in France after that of the Louvre and a medal cabinet of 50 000 medals and coins.

Gallo-Roman Museum, it displays many valuable objects and artwoks found on the site of roman Lyon (Lugdunum) like the Circus Games Mosaic, Coligny calendar or the Taurobolic Altar.

African Museum of Lyon

Centre d'histoire de la résistance et de la déportation

Musée des Confluences, planned future museum of Sciences and anthropology.

La Sucrière, contemporary art center.

Musée des Tissus et des Arts Décoratifs, decorative arts museum.

Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon, contemporary art museum.

Musée Gadagne, museum of the history of Lyon housed in a historical building of the Vieux Lyon.

Parks and gardens

Parc de la Tête d'Or, (literally, Golden Head Park), in central Lyon is the largest urban park in France at 117 hectares. Located in the 6th arrondissement, it features a large lake on which boating takes place during the summer months. Due to the relatively small number of other parks in Lyon, it receives a huge number of visitors over summer, and is a frequent destination for joggers and cyclists. At the northern end of the park, there is a small zoo, with giraffes, elephants, tigers and other animals. There is also sporting equipment, such as a velodrome, boules court, mini-golf, horse riding, and even a miniature train.

Jardin botanique de Lyon (8 hectares), included in the Parc de la Tête d'Or, is a municipal botanical garden. It is open weekdays without charge. The garden was established in 1857 as a successor to earlier botanical gardens dating to 1796, and now describes itself as France's largest municipal botanical garden. Today it contains about 15,000 plants, including 3500 plants of temperate regions, 760 species of shrubs, a hundred species of wild roses, 750 varieties of historical roses, 200 varieties of peonies recognized by the ''Conservatoire Français des Collections Végétales Spécialisées'', 1800 species of alpine plants, 50 varieties of water lilies, and 6,000 species in its greenhouses. The garden's greenhouses enclose a total of in area, and include a central pavilion for tropical plants including camellias over a hundred years old; a greenhouse-aquarium with Amazonian water lilies; a Dutch greenhouse containing carnivorous plants; small greenhouses with orchids; and small cold greenhouses with azaleas, cactus, and so forth.

Parc de Gerland, in the south of the city (80 hectares).

Parc des hauteurs, in Fourvières.

Parc de Miribel-Jonage (300 hectares).

Parc de Lacroix-Laval (115 hectares).

Parc de Parilly (178 hectares).

Education

ECE Lyon (École de Commerce Européenne de Lyon)

Institut d'études politiques de Lyon

CPE Lyon

École Centrale de Lyon

ECAM Lyon (École Catholique d'Arts et Métiers de Lyon)

EM Lyon (École de Management de Lyon)

ENTPE (École Nationale des Travaux Publiques de l'État)

École des Beaux-Arts

École Normale Supérieure de Lyon

Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (located in Villeurbanne)

ISTIL (Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur de Lyon) (located in Villeurbanne)

ISARA (Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône Alpes)

Institution des Chartreux

Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1)

Université Lumière (Lyon 2)

Université Jean Moulin (Lyon 3)

IAE (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises de Lyon)

Catholic University of Lyon

ESDES Business School

IDRAC (International School of Management)

Wesford Graduate Business School

IFAG (Business Management School)

Le Lycée du Parc

La Martiniere Lyon

CEESO (Centre Européen d'Enseignement Supérieur de l'Ostéopathie)

Bellecour, Ecoles D'Arts

There are some international private schools in Lyon, including:

Cité Scolaire Internationale de Lyon

Ombrosa

International School of Lyon

Montessori School of Lyon

Sport

Lyon is home to the Ligue 1 football team Olympique Lyonnais, commonly known as "Lyon" or "OL". The team has enjoyed unprecedented success recently, winning seven consecutive national titles and establishing themselves as France's premier football club. The team competes in the prestigious UEFA Champions League and currently plays at the Stade de Gerland, where the Danone Nations Cup is held every year. The team is set to move to a new stadium in Décines-Charpieu (in the eastern suburbs) in 2010, which will hold 61,556 people. Lyon also has a rugby union team, Lyon OU, currently playing in Top 14. In addition, Lyon has a rugby league side: Lyon Villeurbanne Rhône XIII, or LVR XIII, play in the French rugby league championship. The club's current home ground is Stade Georges Lyvet in Villeurbanne. Lyon is also home to the Lyon Hockey Club, an ice hockey team that competes in France's national ice hockey league. Finally, Villeurbanne also has a renowned basketball team, ASVEL, who play at the Astroballe arena in Laurent Bonnevay.

Transportation

Saint-Exupéry International Airport, located east of Lyon, serves as a base for domestic and international flights. It is an important transport facility for the entire Rhône-Alpes region. Coach links connect the airport with the centre of Lyon and other towns in the area including Chambéry and Grenoble. With its in-house train station (Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry) the airport is also connected to the TGV network. The new Rhônexpress tram links the international airport with the business quarter of La Part Dieu in less than 30 minutes. The Lyon-Bron Airport is a smaller airport dedicated to General Aviation (both private and commercial). Having helipads, the facility hosts a Gendarmerie and a Sécurité Civile (civilian defence) Base.

Lyon has two major railway stations: Lyon Part-Dieu, which was built to accommodate the TGV and has become the principal railway station for extra-regional trains; and Lyon Perrache, which is an older station that now primarily serves regional rail services. In practice, many trains, including TGVs, serve both stations. Smaller railway stations include Gorge-de-Loup, Vaise, Vénissieux, Saint-Paul and Jean Macé. Lyon is connected to the north (Lille, Paris, Brussels, and in the future Amsterdam) and the south (Marseille, Montpellier, and in the future Barcelona, Turin) by the TGV. It was the first city to be connected to Paris by the TGV in 1981.

The City is at the heart of a dense road network and is located at the meeting point of several highways: A6 (to Paris), A7 (to Marseille), A42 (to Geneve), A43 (to Grenoble). The city is now bypassed by the A46. A double motorway tunnel passes under Fourvière, connecting the A6 and the A7 autoroutes, both forming the "Autoroute du Soleil". Prior to the construction of the bypass by the east, the tunnel was famous for its traffic jams, since traffic between northern and southern France, as well as from neighboring countries and local traffic all wanted to cross, Lyon being virtually the only low passage between the Alps and the Massif Central (extinct) volcano range. Lyon is served by the Eurolines intercity coach organisation. Its Lyon terminal is located at the city's Perrache railway station, which serves as an intermodal transportation hub that also includes tramways, local and regional trains and buses, the terminus of metro line A, the bicycle service Vélo'v, and taxis.

The TCL (for ''Transports en Commun Lyonnais''), Lyon's public transit system, consisting of metro, buses and tramways, serves 62 communes of the Lyon agglomeration. The subway network has 4 lines ( ), 39 stations and runs with a frequency of up to a train every 2 minutes. The bus network consists of normal buses, trolleybuses and coaches for areas outside the centre. There are 4 tram lines ( ) since April 2009: T1 from ''Montrochet'' in the south to ''IUT-Feyssine'' in the north, Tram T2 from ''Perrache'' railway station in the southwest to Saint-Priest in the southeast, Tram T3 from Part-Dieu to Meyzieu, and Tram T4 from Mendès-France to Feyzin. There are also two funicular lines from Vieux Lyon to Saint-Just and Fourvière. Despite the existence of several systems and operators the ticketing is unified through a unique system. The Réseau Express de l'Aire urbaine Lyonnaise (REAL) project intends on promoting and eventually increasing, the usage of public transport means by commuters. The public transit system is complemented by ''Vélo'v'', a bicycle network providing a low cost and convenient bicycle hire service where bicycles can be hired and dropped off at any of 340 stations throughout the city. Borrowing a bicycle for less than 30 minutes is free.

Notable residents

Éric Abidal, footballer

Frederique Bangue, athlete

Claudius (10 BC – AD 54), roman emperor

Caracalla (188–217), roman emperor

Irenaeus (2nd century AD – 202), Bishop

André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), physicist and mathematician

Raymond Barre, French politician

Azouz Begag

Karim Benzema,footballer

Paul Bocuse (born 1926), chef

Gérard Collomb

Clovis Cornillac

Natalie Dessay

Youri Djorkaeff, footballer

Liane Foly

Éric Guirado

Maurice Jarre

Jean Michel Jarre (son of Maurice Jarre, above)

Allan Kardec

Katsuni

Jérôme Kerviel

Alexandre Lacassagne

Edmond Locard

Auguste and Louis Lumière

André Manoukian

Jean-Baptiste Maunier

Jean Moulin

Bruno N'Gotty, footballer

Emile Ntamack, rugby player

Abbé Pierre

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Jean-Baptiste Say

Bertrand Tavernier

Sylvie Testud

Florence Foresti, humorist

Movies in Lyon

1895: ''14 vues Lumière filmées à Lyon entre 1895 et 1900'' by Auguste and Louis Lumière

1929: The kiss, Le baiser by Jacques Feyder with Greta Garbo

1938: Le petit chose by Maurice Cloche with Arletty, Robert Lynen

1945: 120 rue de la Gare by Jacques Daniel-Norman with René Dary, Sophie Desmarets

1946: ''Un revenant'' by Christian-Jaque with Louis Jouvet, Gaby Morlay, François Périer, Marguerite Moreno, Ludmilla Tchérina

1949: La cage aux filles by Maurice Cloche with Danièle Delorme, Noël Roquevert

1950: Coeur sur mer by Jacques Daniel-Norman

1952: Les dents longues by Daniel Gélin with Daniel Gélin, Danièle Delorme, Louis de Funès

1953: ''Thérèse Raquin'' by Marcel Carné, with Simone Signoret, Raf Vallone, Jacques Duby

1956: ''Un condamné à mort s'est échappé'' by Robert Bresson

1956: Crime et châtiment by Georges Lampin with Jean Gabin, Robert Hossein, Marina Vlady, Bernard Blier, Gaby Morlay, Lino Ventura

1964: L'insoumis by Alain Cavalier with Alain Delon, Léa Massari

1966: ''Le Voyage du père'' by Denys de La Patellière with Fernandel, Lilli Palmer, Laurent Terzieff, Madeleine Robinson, Michel Auclair, Philippe Noiret

1969: La sirène du by François Truffaut with Jean-Paul Belmondo, Catherine Deneuve

1969: ''L'Armée des ombres'' by Jean-Pierre Melville with Lino Ventura, Simone Signoret, Paul Meurisse, Jean-Pierre Cassel

1974: ''L'Horloger de Saint-Paul'' by Bertrand Tavernier with Philippe Noiret, Jean Rochefort

1975: Verdict by André Cayatte with Jean Gabin, Sophia Loren

1975: La chair de l'orchidée by Patrice Chéreau with Charlotte Rampling, Edwige Feuillère, Bruno Cremer, Simone Signoret, Alida Valli

1980: ''Une semaine de vacances'' by Bertrand Tavernier, with Nathalie Baye, Gérard Lanvin, Michel Galabru

1981: ''Le Voyage à Lyon'' by Claudia von Aleman

1982: Coup de foudre by Diane Kurys with Miou-Miou, Isabelle Huppert, Guy Marchand

1985: ''Parole de flic'' by José Pinheiro, with Alain Delon, Jacques Perrin

1993: ''Un crime'' by Jacques Deray, with Alain Delon

1994: ''Lucie Aubrac'' by Claude Berri with Carole Bouquet, Daniel Auteuil

1996: ''Les Voleurs'' by André Téchiné

1998: ''Le Gone du Chaâba'' by Christophe Ruggia, from the book by Azouz Begag

2000: ''Lyon police spéciale'' by Bertrand Arthuys

2000: ''Tout va bien, on s'en va'' by Claude Mouriéras

2000: ''Une affaire de goût'' by Bernard Rapp with Bernard Giraudeau

2002: ''Inventaire filmé des rues de la Croix-Rousse à Lyon'' by Gérard Courant

2002: ''Quand tu descendras du ciel'' by Éric Guirado

2003: ''Le Coût de la vie'' by Philippe Le Guay

2004: ''Vaada'' by Satish Kaushik, film by Bollywood

2005: ''Destination Fourvière'' by Gérard Courant

2007: ''Après Lui'' by Gaël Morel

2007: ''Détrompez-vous'' by Bruno Dega

2007: ''J'veux pas que tu t'en ailles'' by Bernard Jeanjean

2007: ''La fille coupée en deux'' by Claude Chabrol

2008: ''Les Liens du sang'' by Jacques Maillot

2009: ''The International'' by Tom Tykwer

2009: ''Je te mangerais'' by Sophie Laloy

International relations

Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.

Twin towns – Sister cities

Lyon is twinned with:

Sinop, Turkey>Sinop, Turkey

* Aleppo, Syria

* Beersheba in Israel

* Beirut in Lebanon

* Birmingham, United Kingdom ''(since 1951'')

* Curitiba in Brazil

Dubai, United Arab Emirates>UAE

* Guangzhou in China ''(since 1988)''

St. Louis, Missouri>St. Louis in United States ''(since 1975'')

Frankfurt am Main>Frankfurt in Germany ''(since 1960)''

* Leipzig in Germany ''(since 1981)''

* Yokohama in Japan ''(since 1959'')

* Łódź in Poland ''(since 1991)''''

* Yerevan in Armenia''(since 1992)''

* Milan in Italy ''(since 1966)''

* Minsk in Belarus ''(since 1976)''

* Montreal

* [[Gothenburg in Sweden

* Pécs in Hungary

Jericho in Palestinian National Authority>Palestinian Authority

* Craiova in Romania ''(since 1992)''

* Varna in Bulgaria

* Manila in Philippines

* Saint Petersburg in Russia ''(since 1993)''

* Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

* Kutaisi in Georgia ''(since 2006)''

Obtaining official documents in Lyon - Préfecture de Lyon

The Préfecture de Lyon which is in charge of delivering official documents for foreigners (carte de residence), is since the early 2000 completely overwhelmed by the demand: people have to queue from midnight in the hope to obtain a ticket at 9:00 when the prefecture office opens , even for formalities that are, by law, automatic, such as a resident card renewal. As this constraint has never been mentioned on any of the official documents or web pages, it probably violates the French regulation about public service.

Gallery

The lion is a common sight in Lyon :

Other images :

See also

List of streets and squares in Lyon

Gallia Lugdunensis

Notes

References

External links

City of Lyon official website

Lyon public transport company, including maps and timetables

Official tourist office site

Grand Lyon website

A selection of 50 very representative photos of Lyon

Category:Communes of Rhône Category:Populated places on the Rhone

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Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
name	Joel Campbell
fullname	Joel Campbell Samuels
birth date	June 26, 1992
birth place	San José, Costa Rica
height
position	Striker
currentclub	Lorient
clubnumber	36
youthclubs1	Saprissa
years1	2009–2011
clubs1	Saprissa
caps1	3
goals1	1
years2	2011
clubs2	→ Puntarenas (loan)
caps2	5
goals2	0
years3	2011–
clubs3	Arsenal
caps3	0
goals3	0
years4	2011–
clubs4	→ Lorient (loan)
caps4	0
goals4	0
nationalyears1	2008–2009
nationalteam1	Costa Rica U17
nationalcaps1	9
nationalgoals1	8
nationalyears2	2010–2011
nationalteam2	Costa Rica U20
nationalcaps2	13
nationalgoals2	10
nationalyears3	2011–
nationalteam3	Costa Rica
nationalcaps3	6
nationalgoals3	2
pcupdate	1 June 2011
ntupdate	14 August 2011 }}

Joel Nathaniel Campbell Samuels (born June 26, 1992) is a Costa Rican footballer who plays for FC Lorient on loan from English Premier League club Arsenal as a striker.

Club career

C.D. Saprissa

Campbell began his career with C.D. Saprissa in 2009 before being sent on loan to Puntarenas in January 2011.

On 28 July 2011 Costa Rica television reported that Campbell had come to an agreement with Arsenal, although he later admitted he had not yet signed but that talks were taking place. On 6 August Costa Rica media reported that Campbell was set to sign a five-year deal with Arsenal after rejecting Sevilla and Fiorentina..

Arsenal

On 19 August 2011 Arsenal confirmed that they had signed Campbell. It was revealed on August 27, 2011 that he had failed to obtain a work permit to enable him to play in England. Unable to get a work permit in England, Campbell along with Gilles Sunu both join Lorient with Campbell on loan while Sunu join Lorient on a permanant deal.

International career

Campbell was selected in Costa Rica's squad for the 2009 CONCACAF U-17 Championship. He was the team's highest scorer, although scoring only two goals in total. He was named in the 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship two years later and finished the competition as top scorer with six goals.

He officially debuted in the senior Costa Rica national football team on 5 June 2011 in the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, scoring one goal in a 5-0 win over Cuba. On 7 July 2011 he scored his second international goal, against Bolivia in the 2011 Copa América.

International goals

:''Scores and results list Costa Rica's goal tally first.'' Cowboys Stadium, Arlington, Texas, United States 7 July 2011

Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score!! Result !! Competition
1.	5 June 2011	|		5–0	5–0	2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup
2.	|	Estadio 23 de Agosto, San Salvador de Jujuy>Jujuy, Argentina		2–0	2–0	2011 Copa América

Notes

References

External links

Joel Campbell at Soccerway.com

Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:People from San José, Costa Rica Category:Costa Rican people of Black African descent Category:Costa Rican footballers Category:Costa Rica international footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Deportivo Saprissa players Category:Puntarenas F.C. players Category:Arsenal F.C. players Category:2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players Category:2011 Copa América players Category:Expatriate footballers in England

cs:Joel Campbell de:Joel Campbell es:Joel Campbell fr:Joel Campbell it:Joel Campbell lt:Joel Campbell hu:Joel Campbell ja:ジョエル・キャンベル pl:Joel Campbell pt:Joel Campbell ru:Кэмпбелл, Хоэль sv:Joel Campbell zh:乔尔·坎贝尔

Nathan Lyon is an American chef and television personality. He hosts the Discovery Health television series ''A Lyon in the Kitchen''.

A native of Arlington, Virginia, Lyon earned an undergraduate degree at James Madison University. He began working in the food industry at the Army Navy Country Club in Arlington as a dishwasher, and then as a cafe manager. He attended the California School of Culinary Arts and then worked in several restaurants in Los Angeles. Lyon launched a personal chef business and worked four days a week at a farmers' market. He became a finalist on the Food Network television reality series ''The Next Food Network Star'' in 2006. Lyon lost to Guy Fieri (with whom he became close friends during the competition), but began hosting a series by Discovery Health called ''A Lyon in the Kitchen''. The show emphasizes fresh ingredients and fresh food, with the tagline "Great food starts fresh."

References

External links

A Lyon in the Kitchen : Nathan Lyon at Discovery Health

Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people category:People from Arlington County, Virginia Category:American television chefs Category:James Madison University alumni

Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
name	Sylvain Marveaux
birth date	April 15, 1986
birth place	Vannes, France
height
position	Midfielder
currentclub	Newcastle United
clubnumber	22
youthyears1	1992–1999
youthclubs1	Ménimur
youthyears2	1999–2001
youthclubs2	Vannes
youthyears3	2001–2006
youthclubs3	Rennes
years1	2006–2011
clubs1	Rennes
caps1	102
goals1	16
years2	2011–
clubs2	Newcastle United
caps2	0
goals2	0
nationalyears1	2006–2008
nationalteam1	France U21
nationalcaps1	11
nationalgoals1	4
pcupdate	2 December 2010
ntupdate	17 September 2010 }}

Sylvain Marveaux (born 15 April 1986) is a French football player who currently plays for English club Newcastle United in the Premier League. He can play a variety of positions in the midfield, but is mostly utilized as a left-sided midfielder or an attacking midfielder. Marveaux is a former French under-21 international having earned caps with the team from 2006–2008. He is the younger brother of Joris Marveaux, who currently stars for Montpellier.

Club career

Early career

Marveaux was born in Vannes, located on the west coast of the Brittany region, and began his career at local club AS Ménimur at age six. He starred for the club at various youth levels before departing for the biggest club in the city, Vannes OC. In his first year at Vannes, Marveaux was selected to attend the Pôle Espoirs Football de Ploufragan, a smaller regional version of the Clairefontaine academy. While training at Ploufragan during the weekdays, he played at Vannes on the weekends. Marveaux also trained alongside future Rennes teammates Yoann Gourcuff, Virgile Reset, and William Stanger while attending Ploufragan.

Rennes

In 2001, after leaving Ploufragan, Marveaux signed an ''aspirant'' (youth) contract with Stade Rennais and joined the club's aspiring youth academy. Marveaux spent four years in the club's academy before earning a call up to the club's Championnat de France amateur team for the 2005–06 season. He was an undisputed started in the team making 21 appearances and scoring seven goals. Following the season, Marveaux signed his first professional contract agreeing to a three-year deal until June 2009. He was officially promoted to the senior team and assigned the number 26 shirt for the 2006–07 season.

Marveaux made his professional debut on 5 August 2006 in a league match against Lille playing the entire match in a 2–1 defeat. Despite starting his first professional match, he was relegated to appearing as a substitute for the majority of the season by manager Guy Lacombe. Marveaux scored his first professional goal for the team on 14 October after appearing as a first-half substitute in a 3–1 win over Auxerre. Two weeks later, he scored an extra time goal in the Coupe de la Ligue against Lille after appearing as a second-half substitute. Rennes won the match 2–0. On 18 November, Marveaux converted a late equalizing goal in a 1–1 draw against Le Mans. He finished the campaign with 32 total appearances and six goals. Of the 32 appearances, Marveaux only made nine starts.

Marveaux began the 2007–08 season alternating between the bench and the first 11 as the player struggled to adapt to new manager Guy Lacombe. He finished the season with 24 appearances in the league and no goals. Marveaux scored his only goal of the season against Bulgarian club Lokomotiv Sofia in the first round of the UEFA Cup. His transition to Lacombe was further hampered during the 2008–09 season when, while playing with the France under-21 team, he suffered a torn hamstring injury. The initial diagnosis of the injury required no surgery, however, in October, it was discovered that the injury was severe after club doctors revealed that a hematoma had formed around the hamstring. Marveaux underwent surgery and, subsequently, missed five months. He returned to the team in May 2009 and appeared in the final three matches of the season.

For the 2009–10 season, under new manager Frédéric Antonetti, a healthy Marveaux thrived having his best season to date. Marveaux posted career-highs in all statistical categories. He scored his first goal of the season on 13 September 2009 in a 1–0 win against Saint-Étienne. The following week, Marveaux netted the second goal in a 4–0 thrashing of Grenoble. In the return leg against Grenoble in 2010, he scored a double in another 4–0 win. The following week, Marveaux was instrumental in the team's 4–2 victory over the defending champions Bordeaux. He scored the opening goal in the 7th minute and assisted on the final goal scored by Asamoah Gyan. In the Coupe de France, Marveaux scored two goals, both of which came in a 4–0 victory over amateur club Saumur in the Round of 32. He finished the campaign by scoring in a 2–1 defeat to Sochaux and a 2–2 draw against Nice. Marveaux successful individual season of 38 total appearances and 12 goals was overshadowed by the team's collective display as Rennes finished mid-table and failed to qualify for Europe after appearing in the UEFA Cup in back-to-back seasons.

Due to having one year left on his contract, Marveaux was the subject of transfer speculation in the 2010 summer transfer window with English clubs Chelsea and Manchester United being the first to scout the player. In June 2010, West Ham offered £3 million for the player, however Rennes' general manager Pierre Dreossi denied the bid stating the Marveaux "will be with Rennes next season" and "I do not usually change my mind, I've demonstrated that in the past." Marveaux, indeed, began the 2010–11 season with Rennes starting in the team's opening match of the season against Lille. On 3 October, he scored his first goal of the season in a 3–1 win over Toulouse. The following month, in a match against Derby Breton rivals Brest, Marveaux aggravated a groin injury that had been plaguing him during the campaign. The following day, it was reported that Marveaux would not return to action until 2011.

Newcastle United

On 18 June 2011 Marveaux agreed and signed a five-year deal with English Premier League club Newcastle United. He had reportedly been very close to joining Liverpool under the management of Kenny Dalglish. Marveaux rubbished claims he failed a medical at Anfield, confirming he could not agree terms.

Career statistics

''(Correct as of 25 August 2011)''

5 0 0 10 1 0

Club	Season	League	Cup	!colspan="3"	Total
!Apps	!Goals	!Assists	!Apps	!Goals	!Assists	!Apps	!Goals	!Assists	!Apps	!Goals	!Assists
rowspan="6" valign="center"	Rennes		28	|	2	4	1	0	0	0	0	32	6	2
2007–08 Ligue 1	2007–08	24	|	5	3	0	0	5	1	0	32	1	5
2008–09 Ligue 1	2008–09	5	|	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	6	0	2
2009–10 Ligue 1	2009–10	35	|	5	3	2	0	0	0	0	38	12	5
2010–11 Ligue 1	2010–11	10	|	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	1	2
!Total	!102!!16!!16!!10!!3!!0!!6!!1!!0!!118!!20!!16
rowspan="2" valign="center"	Newcastle United		0	|	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
!Total	!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!0
Career total	!102!!16!!16!!11!!3!!0!!6!!1!!0!!119!!20!!16

Notes

References

External links

Sylvain Marveaux's club profile

Category:French footballers Category:Martiniquais footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:French people of Breton descent Category:France under-21 international footballers Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:Ligue 1 players Category:Stade Rennais F.C. players Category:Newcastle United F.C. players

ar:سيلفين مارفو fr:Sylvain Marveaux ko:실뱅 마르보 it:Sylvain Marveaux nl:Sylvain Marveaux ja:シルヴァン・マルヴォー no:Sylvain Marveaux pl:Sylvain Marveaux pt:Sylvain Marveaux sv:Sylvain Marveaux tr:Sylvain Marveaux

Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
name	Badr Hari
native name	بدر هاري
other names	The Golden Boy
nationality	Moroccan Dutch
birth date	December 08, 1984
birth place	Amsterdam, Netherlands
height
weight kg	105 |weight_class Super Heavyweight
style	Muay Thai
team	Mike's Gym (2005 - present) Chakuriki Gym (2000 - 2005) Sitan Gym
trainer	Mike Passenier Thom Harinck Mohammed Aït Hassou
years active	2000 - present (Kickboxing)
kickbox win	84
kickbox kowin	77
kickbox loss	11
kickbox koloss	7
mma subloss	1
sherdog	4542
updated	May 30, 2010 }}

Badr "The Golden Boy" Hari (Arabic: بدر هاري born December 8, 1984 in Amsterdam, Netherlands) is a Moroccan-Dutch super heavyweight kickboxer, fighting out of Mike's Gym in Amsterdam. He is a former K-1 Heavyweight champion (2007—2008) and ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009'' finalist. As of May 2011, Hari is ranked the #2 heavyweight in the world by LiverKick.com.

Hari has been a prominent figure in the world of kickboxing and considered one of the best kickboxers in the world, however he has been involved in a number of controversies relating to his "unsportsmanlike conducts" in the sport and alleged crimes of violence outside of the ring.

He was disqualified in the final match of the ''K-1 World GP 2008 Finals'' due to "unsportsmanlike conduct" against Remy Bonjasky. In May 2009 he knocked out Semmy Schilt in the first round and became the first ever It's Showtime World Heavyweight champion. However he lost this title when he was again disqualified after another unsportsmanlike conduct against Hesdy Gerges at the ''It's Showtime 2010 Amsterdam''. Aside from the sport, he has been arrested multiple times since 2006 on various assault charges against others.

Hari has been officially praised by the king of Morocco, Mohammed VI, since 2009 for his outstanding accomplishments in the sport.

Early life

Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Badr Hari began practicing kickboxing at the age of seven, under the guidance of former World Champion Mousid Akamrane. As a teenager he trained under Mohammed Ait Hassou at the Sitan Gym. When the Sitan Gym moved to Rotterdam, he joined the famous Chakuriki Gym ran by Thom Harinck. Under Harinck, Hari developed into one of the greatest kickboxing talents of the Netherlands.

Kickboxing career

Early career

Under Harinck's coaching, Hari suffered few losses. In 2003 he replaced Melvin Manhoef with only a few days notice, to fight Alexey Ignashov. Hari, outweighed by more than 18 kg, lost the fight by knockout, but gained a lot of respect for stepping up to such an opponent under those circumstances.

In January 2005, Hari left the Chakuriki Gym and joined Simon Rutz's It's Showtime team. After a few months' training at the Mejiro Gym he returned to Harinck's, but left again a couple of weeks later. Since then he has been coached by Mike Passenier, who has also trained Joerie Mes, Bjorn Bregy and Melvin Manhoef.

Road to K-1

Hari's road to fame began with a pair of matches against Stefan Leko in 2005. The first took place at the ''It's Showtime 2005'' event in June 2005. Hari, who was generally known for his big mouth and slow ring entrance started some trash talk between them before the fight, making the hype even greater. Hari's long ring entrance took longer than the actual fight, where Hari was knocked out by Leko's trademark spinning back kick.

Hari got his chance for revenge in November 2005 when he entered the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2005'' tournament as a reserve fighter against Leko, making his K-1 World GP debut at the age of 20. Hari knocked Leko out by a spinning back high kick to the jaw at 1:30 in the second round. After all the bad blood between both fighters, Hari helped his opponent up and escorted the dazed German to the corner.

K-1 New Zealand 2006

In 2006 Badr Hari was scheduled to participate in the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Amsterdam'' on May 13, 2006, but fought in the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Auckland'', in New Zealand, instead as a last minute replacement. His opponent in the first round was Australian Peter "The Chief" Graham. Hari once again showed his bad boy reputation by abusing Graham and starting a street fight at the press conference. In the actual fight Hari was knocked out by Graham's trademark "Rolling Thunder". The heel hit Hari hard on the head and knocked him out cold. Graham's kick broke Hari's jaw in multiple places and sidelined Hari for several months.

Return to K-1

Hari returned to the ring at the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 Final Elimination'' in Osaka, Japan against Ruslan Karaev. Karaev hurt Badr with a straight right that left Hari slouching over in the corner, then Karaev delivered a kick to Hari's face; Hari was counted out by the referee but immediately he and his corner protested, claiming the kick was a foul. When the referee did not respond, Hari and his cornermen caused a commotion and refused to leave the ring until they were escorted out by K-1 officials. Hari left in anger and trashed his changing room. Six months later, Hari was awarded a rematch against the Russian. After being knocked down by Karaev in the second round, Hari stood back up, slipped a punch and delievered a KO blow with a straight right to Karaev.

Despite being knocked out, Hari was once again picked as a reserve fighter in the ''K-1 Grand Prix 2006 Finals'' against Paul Slowinski. He won the fight by unanimous decision. Hari then fought the Danish Nicholas Pettas at the ''K-1 Premium 2006 Dynamite!!'' extravaganza and broke Pettas's left shoulder in the second round with a right high kick.

Hari got his revenge against Karaev at the ''K-1 World GP 2007 in Yokohama''. Karaev and Hari's matchup was one of two bouts to qualify for the first K-1 Heavyweight Title Match, scheduled on April 28, 2007 in Hawaii. Hari was knocked down in the second round and was just able to make it to his feet when Karaev intended to finish the fight with a swinging punch which Hari ducked, and landed a right cross to score a KO.

K-1 Heavyweight champion

On April 28, at ''K-1 World GP 2007 in Hawaii'', Badr Hari and Yusuke Fujimoto fought for the newly introduced Heavyweight belt. Hari won the fight in 56 seconds with a kick to the chin. With the knockout Hari became the world's first ever K-1 Heavyweight champion.

Hari got his chance for revenge against Peter Graham, whose turning kick broke his jaw in 2006, in Hong Kong at the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2007 in Hong Kong''. He dropped Graham with a body punch and won by unanimous decision. After the bout, Hari and Graham seemed to bury the hatchet, hugging each other, although the two started taunting each other again at the post-fight press conference.

In September 2007 at the ''K-1 World GP 2007 Final Elimination'', Badr Hari beat the ''K-1 World GP 2007 in Las Vegas'' tournament champion, Doug Viney, by a second round KO and qualified for his first K-1 World GP Final, held on December 8 in Yokohama, Japan. His winning streak came to an end with a decision loss to Remy Bonjasky, during quarter final.

2008

K-1 World GP 2008

All of Hari's wins in 2008 were by knockouts, by beating Ray Sefo in Yokohama, Glaube Feitosa (whom he defended his heavyweight title) in Fukuoka and Domagoj Ostojic in Hawaii. On his next fight in Seoul he qualified for the ''K-1 World GP 2008 Final'' by TKO win over the Korean giant Hong Man Choi. In the quarterfinals on December 6, Hari defeated three time K-1 World champion Peter Aerts by TKO in the second round. In the semis he knocked out Errol Zimmerman and headed to his first K-1 Final against Remy Bonjasky. After suffering a knockdown in the first, Hari was disqualified in the second round for unsportsmanlike conduct by stomping and punching an already downed Bonjasky. First the referee Nobuaki Kakuda issued a yellow card and one point deduction. Meanwhile Hari proceeded to Bonjasky’s corner shouting, and quarreled with his opponent's trainer Ivan Hippolyte who then also approached Hari aggressively, but the officials prevented any further physical contact between them. After the five-minute recovery time elapsed, the doctor reported Bonjasky was seeing double and could not continue. Hari was issued a red card and Bonjasky was declared the K-1 World GP 2008 champion.

In later interviews Hari claimed Bonjasky was acting, and that "Remy's corner was screaming at him to stay down". At a press conference before the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 in Yokohama'', where Alistair Overeem attended along with Bonjasky, Overeem handed Bonjasky a statue which looked exactly like the statue of Oscar, implying Bonjasky was acting.

Although numerous Japanese media sources assumed that K-1 would suspend Hari indefinitely, he was not suspended, but he received the most severe punishment ever in the history of K-1. K-1 stripped him of his heavyweight title, his runner-up title in the tournament, his prize money from the tournament and the full amount of his fee for participation in the tournament.

''Dynamite!! 2008''

While there were many rumours of his and his opponent's participation, it was finally announced that Hari would face MMA Heavyweight Alistair Overeem in a K-1 rules match on K-1's New Year's Eve extravaganza ''Dynamite!! 2008''. Hari lost the fight by a left hook KO at 2:02 in the first round. After the match, Hari commented that this would be the last time he would participate in the ''Dynamite!!'' series, and that he would stick to stand-up fighting so he would never have an MMA rules match with Overeem.

2009

In May 2009 at the ''It's Showtime 2009 Amsterdam'', Hari fought Semmy Schilt in a long-awaited bout for the newly introduced It's Showtime World Heavyweight title. Hari came out very aggressively and knocked Schilt down twice in the first round. The fight was stopped after the second knockdown and Hari took the heavyweight title in 45 seconds. Simon Rutz, the president of It's Showtime, has referred to this as one of his favorite bouts in the history of It's Showtime.

In September 2009 at the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 Final 16'', Hari again used his trademark right body shot to score a first round knockout over Zabit Samedov.

At the selection for the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 Final'' Hari chose to fight Ruslan Karaev for the third time. He ran through the tournament with first round knockouts over Karaev and Alistair Overeem in a rematch, to make it to the World Grand Prix Final for the second year against Semmy Schilt. In their rematch Hari lost by KO after being knocked down 3 times in the first round.

2010

His first fight in 2010 was at the ''It's Showtime 2010 Prague'' in the Czech Republic, where Hari defended his Showtime heavyweight title with a second round knockout over Mourad Bouzidi. In April Hari defeated Alexey Ignashov in the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2010 in Yokohama''. The fight went to decision, Hari's first non-knockout win in 3 years.

''It's Showtime 2010 Amsterdam''

Hari's Showtime title was again on the line against his former Chakuriki fellow Hesdy Gerges in Amsterdam in May. Before the match, he claimed in a press interview that his opponent at the event was originally planned to be Remy Bonjasky but Bonjasky refused to fight Hari, stating Bonjasky was afraid to lose.

The ''It's Showtime 2010 Amsterdam'' event took place at the Amsterdam Arena in May 2010. Hari dominated most of the first round, hitting Gerges many times and having him on the ropes. Hesdy surprised everyone on the night for taking the punishment. In the second round Gerges came forward, Hari counter-attacked forcefully and Gerges fell, when Gerges was standing up Badr Hari kicked him in the face. Badr was again disqualified and did not speak in the ring after Gerges was announced the winner. Instead, training partner Melvin Manhoef apologized to the fans on Badr's behalf but was booed by the crowd who were more happy when Badr was disqualified and Gerges became the new "Its Showtime" Heavyweight champion.

After the Gerges fight, Hari took a year off from kickboxing. He stated that it was his own choice. He made his return to the ring at It's Showtime 2011 Lyon against French Kickboxer, Gregory Tony. Rather than using the catwalks for his entrance he decided to walk through his adoring fans, to where the fight was actually delayed because he was unable to get to the ring without security holding his fans away. In what was expected to be a great warm up fight for Hari, turned out to be terribly one-sided as Gregory seemed more concerned in staying away from Badr, than actually fighting him. Hari, with ease, won by TKO in round one with 3 quick knockdowns against a scared Gregory. Though the biggest interest was for Badr to rematch Hesdy Gerges for the Showtime heavyweight title it was announced he will fight Romanian Daniel Ghita in September. Ghita has been ranked as one of the best 5 kickboxers in the world and lost a decision against Gerges earlier in the year, but many feel he was robbed and is viewed as a tough opponent for Hari.

Titles

2009 K-1 World Grand Prix runner up

2009-2010 It's Showtime Heavyweight world champion +95 kg (1st title defence)

2007-2008 K-1 Heavyweight champion -100 kg (1st title defence)

2002 WPKL Dutch Muay Thai champion

'''

Kickboxing record

See also

List of K-1 events

List of K-1 champions

List of It's Showtime champions

List of male kickboxers

References

External links

Official website (entrance)—(start page)

K-1 profile

Mike's Gym official website

Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch kickboxers Category:Moroccan kickboxers Category:Super heavyweight kickboxers Category:Dutch mixed martial artists Category:Moroccan mixed martial artists Category:Heavyweight mixed martial artists Category:Dutch Muay Thai practitioners Category:Moroccan Muay Thai practitioners Category:Dutch people of Moroccan descent Category:Dutch people of Arab descent Category:Arab people Category:People from Amsterdam

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