Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
official name	Dili
native name
settlement type
flag size	150px
shield size	150px
pushpin map	East Timor
pushpin label position
coordinates region	TL
subdivision type	Country
subdivision name	East Timor
subdivision type1	District
subdivision name1
leader title1
established title	Settled
established date	1520
established title2
established title3
unit pref
area total km2
area land km2
population total	193,563
elevation footnotes
postal code type
footnotes	}}

Dili, spelled Díli in Portuguese, is the capital, largest city, chief port and commercial centre of East Timor.

Geography and Administration

Dili lies on the northern coast of Timor island, the easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands.

It is the seat of the administration of the district of Dili, which is the administrative entity of the area and includes the island of Atauro and some cities close to Dili city. The city is divided into the subdistricts of Nain Feto, Vera Cruz, Dom Aleixo and Cristo Rei and is divided into several sucos, which are headed by an elected ''chefe de suco''. 18 of the 26 sucos of the four subdistricts are categorized as urban.

There is no city administration beside the district administrator, who was appointed by state government. The Timorese government started to plan in 2009 to change the status of districts into municipalities. These will have an elected mayor and council.

Demography

The 2010 census recorded a population of 193,563 in the areas of Dili district classified as urban, with a population of 234,331 in the whole district including rural areas such as Atauro and Metinaro.

Dili is a melting pot of the different ethnic groups of East Timor, due partly to the internal migration of young men from around the country in search of work. This has lead to a gender imbalance, with the male population significantly larger than the female. Between 2001 and 2004, the population of Dili district grew by 12.58%, with only 54% of the district's inhabitants born in the city. 7% were born in Bacau, 5% each in Viqueque and Bobonaro 4% in Ermera, and the remainder in other districts or overseas.

History

Colonial Period

Dili was settled about 1520 by the Portuguese, who made it the capital of Portuguese Timor in 1769. It was proclaimed a city in January 1864.

During World War II, Portugal and its colonies remained neutral, but the Allies saw East Timor as a potential target for Japanese invasion, and Australian and Dutch forces briefly occupied the island in 1941. In the night of the 19th of February 1942, the Japanese attacked with a force of around 20,000 men, and occupied Dili before spreading out across the rest of the colony. On the 26th of September 1945, control of the island was officially returned to Portugal by the Japanese.

(See also Battle of Timor).

Indonesian occupation

East Timor unilaterally declared independence from Portugal on November 28, 1975. However, nine days later, on December 7, Indonesian forces invaded Dili. On July 17, 1976, Indonesia annexed East Timor, which it designated the 27^th province of Indonesia, ''Timor Timur'' (Indonesian for ''East Timor''), with Dili as its capital.

A guerrilla war ensued from 1975 to 1999 between Indonesian and pro-independence forces, during which tens of thousands of East Timorese and some foreign civilians were killed. Media coverage of the 1991 Dili Massacre helped revitalise international support for the East Timorese independence movement.

Independence

In 1999, East Timor was placed under UN supervision and on May 20, 2002, Dili became the capital of the newly independent Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. In May 2006, fighting and rioting sparked by conflict between elements of the military caused significant damage to the city and led to foreign military intervention to restore order.

Buildings and monuments

Most buildings were damaged or destroyed in the violence of 1999, orchestrated by the Indonesian military and local pro-Indonesia militias (see Operation Scorched Earth). However, the city still has many buildings from the Portuguese era. The former Portuguese Governor's office is now the office of the Prime Minister. It was previously also used by the Indonesian-appointed Governor, and by the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET).

Even under Indonesian rule, during which the Portuguese language was banned, Portuguese street names like ''Avenida Marechal Carmona'' remained unchanged, although they were prefixed with the Indonesian word ''Jalan'' or 'road'. The Roman Catholic Church at Motael became a focus for resistance to Indonesian occupation. Legacies of Jakarta's occupation are the Church of the Immaculate Conception, seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Díli, purportedly the largest cathedral in Southeast Asia, and the 'Integration Monument', commemorating the Indonesian annexation of the territory in 1976. Featuring a statue of a Timorese in traditional dress, breaking the chains round his wrists, the monument has not been demolished.

The Cristo Rei of Dili is a 27 metre (88.6 ft) tall statue of Jesus situated on top of a globe at the end of a peninsula in Dili. It is one of the main tourist attractions in East Timor, and is claimed to be the second tallest statue of its kind. It was a gift from the Indonesian Government.

Education

Schools in Dili include St. Joseph’s High School (Colégio de São José). There are three International schools in Dili, an Australian managed school by the name of Dili International School, an American government sponsored school called QSI (Quality Schools International) International School of Dili and the Maharlika International School (Formerly Dili Education & Development Center), a Philippine International School. East Timor's major higher education institution, the Universidade Nacional de Timor-Leste, is based in Dili.

Transportation

Dili is serviced by Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport, named after independence leader Nicolau Lobato. This is the only functioning international airport in East Timor, though there are airstrips in Baucau, Suai and Oecusse used for domestic flights. Until recently, Dili's airport runway has been unable to accommodate aircraft larger than the Boeing 737 or C-130 Hercules, but in January 2008, the Portuguese charter airline EuroAtlantic Airways operated a direct flight from Lisbon using a Boeing 757, carrying 140 members of the Guarda Nacional Republicana.

Under Portuguese rule, Baucau Airport, which has a much longer runway, was used for international flights, but following the Indonesian invasion this was taken over by the Indonesian military and closed to civilian traffic.

Sister cities

! City	! State	! Country	! Year
Coimbra		Portugal	2002
	Northern Territory	Australia	September 2003

References

External links

Discover Dili - Tourism promotion site

Category:Capitals in Asia Category:Populated places in East Timor Category:Populated places established in 1520

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Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
Width	250px
Title	Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell:Pandora Tomorrow
Developer	Ubisoft Shanghai, Ubisoft Annecy, Babaroga
Composer	Jack Wall and Lalo Schifrin
Publisher	Ubisoft
Series	''Splinter Cell''
Engine	Unreal Engine 2.0 with RenderWare physics
Version	1.31
Released	Microsoft WindowsGame Boy AdvanceMobile phonePlayStation 2Nintendo GameCubePlayStation 3}}

|genre= Action-adventure, Stealth |modes= Single-player, multiplayer |ratings= |platforms= Xbox, Microsoft Windows, Game Boy Advance, Mobile phone, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 3 |requirements= Windows 98 or better: AMD Athlon processor or Intel Pentium III processor; 256 RAM; 3 GB Hard Disk Space; 64 MB DirectX 8.1-compliant Video Card; DirectX 8.1-compliant Sound Card; 8x-speed CD-ROM drive. }}

''Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow'' is an action-adventure stealth game, developed and published by Ubisoft Shanghai, while Ubisoft Montreal, creator of the original ''Splinter Cell'', was working on ''Chaos Theory''. ''Pandora Tomorrow'' is the second game in the ''Splinter Cell'' series endorsed by writer Tom Clancy. The game follows the covert activities of Sam Fisher, an agent working for a black-ops branch of the National Security Agency (NSA) called "Third Echelon". The character, Sam Fisher, is voiced by Michael Ironside. Dennis Haysbert, at that time best known for his role as David Palmer on the television show ''24'' is the voice for the character Irving Lambert, Fisher's boss, making this the only time he is not voiced by Don Jordan. Lalo Schifrin provides the theme music for the game. The game has been translated to several languages for international distribution. ''Pandora Tomorrow'' was entitled ''Shadow Strike'' during its development. A remastered, High-Definition, version of ''Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow'' was announced for the PlayStation Network for the PlayStation 3 on December 20, 2010.

Gameplay

The gameplay of ''Pandora Tomorrow'' is largely unchanged from the original ''Splinter Cell''. The game features some moderate graphical improvements, as well as minor gameplay changes such as the fact that health kits are no longer an inventory item, and the addition of a laser sight to Sam's pistol that allows the player to know exactly where the rounds will strike, even when moving around. Also, Sam can now open doors while carrying a body, shoot while hanging upside down, SWAT turn past doorways unnoticed, and perform a half split jump. The pistol laser was replaced with an OCP and the SWAT turn was removed in ''Chaos Theory'', the next entry in the series. The PlayStation 2 and Gamecube versions also feature an additional single player mission to compensate for the abridged gameplay compared to the PC and Xbox versions.

Multiplayer

The most significant gameplay change in ''Pandora Tomorrow'' is the addition of a multiplayer component to the series in an attempt to take advantage of the features and popularity of Xbox Live. Both the PlayStation 2 and PC versions of the game also come with multiplayer; however, the GameCube version does not. The game pits heavily armed Argus mercenaries against stealthy Shadownet spies. The spies are played from a third-person viewpoint and control similarly to the main game's singleplayer mode, although they have their own unique moves and equipment. The mercenaries are played from a first-person viewpoint, and control more similarly to traditional first-person shooter characters. Although mercenaries have superior firepower, spies have the ability to hide in darkness and ambush or sneak past mercenaries in a number of ways. The total number of players in each multiplayer game is limited to 4. After the release of ''Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory'' which included a very similar multiplayer mode, Ubisoft took down their multiplayer server for this game due to low numbers of players, leaving many angry with Ubisoft.

Story

The main plot of ''Pandora Tomorrow'' takes place in Indonesia during the spring of 2006, in which the United States has established a military presence in the newly independent country of East Timor to train that country's military forces in their fight against anti-separatist Indonesian guerrilla militias. Foremost among these Indonesian militias is the Darah Dan Doa (Blood and Prayer), led by Suhadi Sadono.

Charismatic militia leader Sadono, once trained by the CIA to help fight Communist influences in the region, has grown resentful of the United States' support of East Timor and its supposed interference with his country's sovereignty. Sadono initiates a suicide bombing and follow up attack on the U.S. Embassy in Dili, capturing a number of U.S. military and diplomatic personnel including Douglas Shetland, an old friend and comrade of Sam Fisher.

Fisher is sent to infiltrate the embassy and gather intelligence on the Darah Dan Doa. Fisher succeeds in his mission, and the U.S. Embassy is retaken by the U.S. Army's Delta Force. Sadono escapes, and the U.S. launches a military campaign on Indonesian soil in an attempt to hunt him down, much to the protests of the Indonesian government.

Fisher learns that Sadono has masterminded a scheme known as "Pandora Tomorrow", by placing a series of biological bombs (ND133's) equipped with the smallpox virus on American soil. Every 24 hours, Sadono makes encrypted phone calls to each of the bomb carriers to delay the release of the virus. If he is killed or detained, the virus is released and millions of Americans will die. Because Sadono is fighting on the front lines in the conflict, the U.S. cannot risk killing him, and is forced to withdraw its forces.

Fisher is sent to infiltrate Darah Dan Doa strongholds in order to learn the location of the smallpox bombs. He is assisted in this endeavor by Shetland and his private military company, Displace International. Fisher ultimately learns the location of the bombs, and Shadownet spies are sent in to neutralize them, bringing an end to Sadono's threat against the United States.

Third Echelon decides to capture Sadono alive instead of merely assassinating him, due to the problems created when Sam Fisher assassinated former Georgian president Kombayn Nikoladze in the fall of 2004.

Although Fisher manages to capture Sadono, Third Echelon learns that a rogue CIA operative, Norman Soth has acquired the last smallpox-armed ND133, and intends to detonate it inside Los Angeles International Airport. Soth cares nothing for Indonesia, but intends to get revenge on the United States for a perceived betrayal which cost him a leg years earlier. Fisher infiltrates LAX, kills Soth and his group of terrorists (disguised as airport workers and security guards), and prevents the detonation of the last smallpox-armed ND133 by disguising himself as a maintenance worker and setting the ND133 down behind two police officers, who notice the device almost immediately, and have the airport evacuated. The Los Angeles Police Department's Bomb Squad is then called in to perform a controlled explosion of the device, which is done by an unmanned vehicle using reinforced steel.

Development

Windows version

As with the original Splinter Cell, the Windows version is a port of the Xbox version, and duplicated that version's user interface and gameplay. However, the Windows version can run at higher resolutions than the console versions. The "checkpoint" save system from the Xbox version was replaced with the ability to save a game at any time, and the controls were reworked to allow simultaneous use of a keyboard and mouse, with movement speed being controlled by the mouse wheel. None of the bonus content from the other versions are present on this version.

There is an unfortunate graphical issue in this version, though. Projected shadows do not appear in-game when using Nvidia GeForce 6 series video cards and up. This problem was caused because the game was a direct port from the Xbox, which renders shadows similarly to GeForce Series 3, 4, and FX cards. It is possible to force the shadows, but this can cause system instabilities.

PlayStation 2 version

As with the original Splinter Cell, the PS2 version runs at a lower resolution than the Xbox and GCN versions, and sacrifices had to be made to the graphics including more jagged edges, duller colors and fewer lighting effects, due to the more limited hardware. Also, despite these sacrifices, the framerate tends to stutter slightly more than the Xbox version. Loading times are also longer. Missions are also structured in a different/shorter fashion and the multiplayer component is not as extensive as its Xbox counterpart. The PS2 version boasts extra content, however, including a new Indonesian Jungle mission (which also appears in Essentials).

GameCube version

The GCN version runs at a lower resolution to that of the Xbox/PC version and graphically it does not quite look as realistic. Like the PS2 version, sacrifices were made here and there with the lighting effects. Missions are also structured like the PS2 version, in a different/shorter fashion than that of the Xbox/PC counterpart. Despite this, the exclusive PS2 section of the Indonesian Jungle mission is NOT included with this version of the game.

On the plus side, Game Boy Advance connectivity is supported. Using the GameCube-Game Boy Advance cable you can connect the GBA to the GCN, a map of the level the player is currently in is displayed on the GBA, and includes locations of enemies and items, remote detonate wall mines and control turrets.

Playstation 3

A Playstation 3 version was announced to be part of the upcoming Splinter Cell Trilogy set for release in September 2011 as part of Sony's Classics HD series. It was revealed on the Playstation Blog, that the game will be a port of the PC version, which had more details and content than on PS2. It has also been revealed however, that the online multiplayer will not be included in the collection

Reception

On the review-aggregate site Metacritic, the Xbox version received a score of 93% based on 74 reviews. On Game Rankings, it had a score of 92.3% based on 82 reviews. Greg Kasavin of GameSpot gave the Xbox version a score of 9.1 and said that the single-player and multiplayer portions of the game will appeal to anyone interested in high-tech stealth and subterfuge. He also said that players familiar with Splinter Cell should expect 10 hours or more of gameplay. Kasavin said the storyline in Pandora Tomorrow was more cohesive than the original Splinter Cell, but the gameplay often becomes pure trial and error, noting that the missions "could have benefited from feeling less rigid and scripted" but were "incredibly slick." Kasavin also praised the multiplayer mode for its innovation, complexity, and creativity. On Rotten Tomatoes, the Xbox version received an average score of 9.4 out of 10 based on 33 reviews, additionally receiving a 100% "Fresh Rating" due to gaining highly positive reviews from all 33 reviewers. Mongoose of Game Chronicles Magazine also gave the Xbox a 9.4 out of 10 and gave special praise to the multiplayer portion of the game. He called the game "the single best reason to get online" on Xbox Live. However, he felt that gameplay in the single player campaign at times got increasingly linear and leaned toward scripted challenges, with "only one solution to any given problem", requiring "the use of a particular gadget or one of Sam’s nimble moves."

The Microsoft Windows version received a score of 87% at Metacritic based on 28 reviews. On Game Rankings, it received an average score of 85.4% based on 28 reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the PC version an average rating of 9 out of 10 based on 10 reviews, receiving a 90% "Fresh Rating" due to a majority of positive reviews.

The PlayStation 2 version had a score of 87% at Metacritic based on 45 reviews. The game received a score of 86.4% based on 56 reviews at Game Rankings. Rotten Tomatoes gave the PS2 version an average rating of 8.4 out of 10 based on 19 reviews, additionally receiving a 95% "Fresh Rating" due to highly positive reviews.

The Nintendo GameCube version of the game lacks the multiplayer component found in the Xbox, PC, and PS2 versions. The game received a score of 78% on Metacritic based on 25 reviews. On Game Rankings, the game received a composite score of 80.6% based on 37 reviews. The average score on Rotten Tomatoes landed at 7.7 out of 10 based on 11 reviews, receiving a 55% "Rotten Rating" due to a high number of displeased reviewers.

The Game Boy Advance version received a score of 68% on Metacritic based on 19 reviews. The game also received a score of 68% on Game Rankings based on 45 reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the Game Boy Advance version an average rating of 6.9 out of 10 based on 11 reviews, receiving a 27% "Rotten Rating" due to a majority of negative reviews.

References

External links

''Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow'', Official site

Category:2004 video games Category:Game Boy Advance games Category:Nintendo GameCube games Category:Interactive Achievement Award winners Category:Mobile phone games Category:Multiplayer online games Category:PlayStation 2 games Category:PlayStation 3 games * 02 Category:Stealth video games Category:Terrorism in fiction Category:Video games developed in France Category:Video games developed in the People's Republic of China Category:Video games set in Indonesia Category:Video games set in Los Angeles, California Category:Video games set in East Timor Category:Windows games Category:Xbox games

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Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
Honorific-prefix	His Excellency
Name	José Ramos-Horta
Honorific-suffix	GCL
Order	President of East Timor
Primeminister	Xanana Gusmão
Term start	17 April 2008
Predecessor	Fernando de Araújo (Acting)
Primeminister2	Estanislau da SilvaXanana Gusmão
Term start2	20 May 2007
Term end2	13 February 2008
Predecessor2	Xanana Gusmão
Successor2	Vicente Guterres (Acting)
Order3	Prime Minister of East Timor
President3	Xanana Gusmão
Term start3	26 June 2006
Term end3	19 May 2007
Predecessor3	Mari Alkatiri
Successor3	Estanislau da Silva
Birth date	December 26, 1949
Birth place	Dili, Portuguese Timor
Spouse	Ana Pessoa Pinto (divorced)
Occupation	LawyerJuristPolitician
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Party	Independent }}

José Manuel Ramos-Horta (), GCL (born 26 December 1949) is the President of East Timor, the second since independence from Indonesia, taking office on 20 May 2007. He is a co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize and a former Prime Minister, having served from 2006 until his inauguration as President after winning the 2007 East Timorese presidential election. As a founder and former member of the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (FRETILIN), Ramos-Horta served as the exiled spokesman for the East Timorese resistance during the years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor (1975 to 1999). While he has continued to work with FRETILIN, Ramos-Horta resigned from the party in 1988, and has since remained an independent politician.

After East Timor achieved independence in 2002, Ramos-Horta was appointed as the country's first Foreign Minister. He served in this position until his resignation on 25 June 2006, amidst political turmoil. On 26 June, following the resignation of Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri, Ramos-Horta was appointed acting Prime Minister by the President, Xanana Gusmão. Two weeks later, on 10 July 2006, he was officially sworn in as the second Prime Minister of East Timor. On 11 February 2008, Ramos-Horta was injured when he was shot during an assassination attempt.

Early history and family

Of ''mestiço'' ethnicity, Ramos-Horta was born in 1949 at Dili, capital of East Timor, to a Timorese mother and a Portuguese father who had been exiled to what was then Portuguese Timor by the Salazar dictatorship. He was educated in a Catholic mission in the small village of Soibada, later chosen by FRETILIN as headquarters after the Indonesian invasion. Of his eleven brothers and sisters, four were killed by the Indonesian military.

Ramos-Horta studied Public International Law at the Hague Academy of International Law (1983) and at Antioch University where he completed a Master of Arts degree in Peace Studies (1984). He was trained in Human Rights Law at the International Institute of Human Rights in Strasbourg (1983). He attended Post-Graduate courses in American Foreign Policy at Columbia University in New York (1983). He is a Senior Associate Member of the University of Oxford's St Antony's College (1987) and speaks fluently in five languages: Portuguese, plus English, French, Spanish and the most commonly spoken East Timorese language, Tetum.

He is divorced from Ana Pessoa Pinto, East Timor's Minister for State and Internal Administration, with whom he had a son, Loro Horta, born in exile in Mozambique.

Political career

He was actively involved in the development of political awareness in Portuguese Timor which caused him to be exiled for two years in 1970–71 to Portuguese East Africa. His grandfather, before him, had also been exiled, from Portugal to the Azores Islands, then Cape Verde, Portuguese Guinea and finally to Portuguese Timor.

A moderate in the emerging Timorese nationalist leadership, he was appointed Foreign Minister in the "Democratic Republic of East Timor" government proclaimed by the pro-independence parties in November 1975. When appointed minister, Ramos-Horta was only 25 years old. Ramos-Horta left East Timor three days before the Indonesian troops invaded to plead the Timorese case before the UN.

Ramos-Horta arrived in New York to address the UN Security Council and urge them to take action in the face of the Indonesian occupation during which an estimated 102,000 East Timorese would die. Ramos-Horta was the Permanent Representative of FRETILIN to the UN for the next ten years. His friends at that time mentioned that he arrived in the United States with a total of twenty-five dollars in his pocket. His pecuniary situation was often straitened in that period; he survived partly by grace of Americans who admired his politics and his determination. Further, he was obliged to travel worldwide to explain his party's position.

In 1993, the Rafto Prize was awarded to the people of East Timor. Foreign-minister-in-exile José Ramos-Horta represented his nation at the prize ceremony. In May 1994, Philippine President Fidel Ramos, bowing to pressure from Jakarta, tried to ban an international conference on East Timor in Manila, blacklisting Ramos-Horta, and the Thai government followed suite later that year by declaring him persona non grata.

In December 1996, Ramos-Horta shared the Nobel Peace Prize with his fellow countryman, Bishop Ximenes Belo. The Nobel Committee chose to honour the two laureates for their "sustained efforts to hinder the oppression of a small people", hoping that "this award will spur efforts to find a diplomatic solution to the conflict of East Timor based on the people's right to self-determination". The Committee considered Ramos-Horta "the leading international spokesman for East Timor's cause since 1975".

Ramos-Horta played a leading role in negotiating the institutional foundations for independence. He led the Timorese delegation at an important joint workshop with UNTAET on 1 March 2000 to tease out a new strategy, and identify institutional needs. The outcome was an agreed blueprint for a joint administration with executive powers, including leaders of the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT). Further details were worked out in a conference in May 2000. The Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in East Timor, Sérgio Vieira de Mello, presented the new blueprint to a donor conference in Lisbon, on 22 June 2000, and to the UN Security Council on 27 June 2000. On 12 July 2000, the NCC adopted a regulation establishing a Transitional Cabinet composed of four East Timorese and four UNTAET representatives. The revamped joint administration successfully laid the institutional foundations for independence, and on 27 September 2002, East Timor joined the United Nations. Ramos-Horta was its first Foreign Minister.

On 3 June 2006, Ramos-Horta added the post of Interim Minister of Defense to his portfolio as Foreign Minister, in the wake of the resignations of the previous minister. He resigned as both Foreign and Defence Minister on 25 June 2006, announcing, "I do not wish to be associated with the present government or with any government involving Alkatiri." Prime Minister Alkatiri had been under pressure to resign his position in place of President Xanana Gusmão, but in a 25 June meeting, leaders of the FRETILIN party agreed to keep Alkatiri as Prime Minister; Ramos-Horta resigned immediately following this decision. Foreign Minister of Australia Alexander Downer expressed his personal disappointment at Ramos-Horta's resignation. Following Alkatiri's resignation on 26 June, Ramos-Horta withdrew his resignation to contest the prime ministership and served in the position on a temporary basis until a successor to Alkatiri was named. On 8 July 2006, Ramos-Horta himself was appointed Prime Minister by President Gusmão. He was sworn in on 10 July.

Before his appointment as Prime Minister, Ramos-Horta was considered a possible candidate to succeed Kofi Annan as United Nations Secretary-General. He dropped out of the race in order to serve as East Timor's Prime Minister, but he has indicated that he might run for the UN position at some time in the future: "I can wait five years if I am really interested in the job in 2012. I would be interested in that."

In an interview with Al Jazeera broadcast on 22 February 2007, Ramos-Horta said that he would run for president in the April 2007 election. On 25 February 2007, Ramos-Horta formally announced his candidacy. He received the support of Gusmão, who was not running for re-election.

In the first round of the election, held on 9 April, Ramos-Horta took second place with 21.81% of the vote; he and FRETILIN candidate Francisco Guterres, who took first place, then participated in the second round of the election in May. The full results of the runoff elections were made public by East Timor's National Electorial Committee spokeswoman, Maria Angelina Sarmento, on 11 May, and Ramos-Horta won with 69% of the vote.

Presidency

Name	José Ramos-Horta
Dipstyle	His Excellency José Ramos-Horta of Democratic Republic of East Timor
Altstyle	Mr. President }}

He was inaugurated as President of East Timor in a ceremony at the parliament house in Dili on 20 May 2007. He had resigned as Prime Minister the day before and was succeeded by Estanislau da Silva.

Assassination attempt

On 11 February 2008, José Ramos-Horta was shot in an assassination attempt. In the gun skirmish, one of Ramos-Horta's guards was wounded, and two rebel soldiers, including rebel leader Alfredo Reinado, were killed. Ramos-Horta was treated at Dili Australian military base before being transferred to the Royal Darwin Hospital in Australia for further treatment. Doctors thought that he had been shot two or three times with the most serious injury being to his right lung. His condition was listed as critical but stable. He was placed in an induced coma on full life support, and regained consciousness on 21 February. A message from Ramos-Horta, still recovering in Darwin, was broadcast on 12 March. In this message, he thanked his supporters and Australia and said that he had "been very well looked after". A spokesman said that his condition was improving and that he had started taking short daily walks for exercise.

Ramos-Horta was released from the Royal Darwin Hospital on 19 March, although he said that he would stay in Australia for physical therapy for "a few more weeks". He also said on this occasion that he had remained conscious following the shooting and "remember[ed] every detail", describing how he was taken for treatment. On 17 April, Ramos-Horta returned to Dili from Darwin. He gave a press conference at the airport in which he urged the remaining rebels in the mountains to surrender.

Other activities

Ramos-Horta is a frequent speaker, along with other Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, at Peacejam conferences.

The chairman of terrorist organization in India - ULFA, Arabinda Rajkhowa told Ramos as the main force behind the Ulfa making an impact in the international fora

He has served as Chairman of the Advisory Board for TheCommunity.com, a web site for peace and human rights, since 2000. In 2001 he gathered the post 9/11 statements of 28 Nobel Peace Prize Laureates on the web site, and has spearheaded other peace initiatives with his fellow Nobel Laureates.

Ramos-Horta supported the US invasion and occupation of Iraq, and condemned the anti-American tone of its detractors as "hypocritical". In the 1990s he had supported the cause of Kurdish people in Iraq

In May 2009 Ramos-Horta stated that he would ask the International Criminal Court to investigate the ruling junta of Burma (Myanmar) if they continue to detain fellow Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. However by August 2010, he softened his views on Myanmar, he warmly received the Myanmar Foreign Minister U Nyan Win, and said that he wants to improve relations and seek strong commercial ties with Myanmar.

On 5 August 2009, he attended the funeral of the late former president of the Philippines Corazon Aquino. He was the only foreign head of state to attend.

On 29 September 2009, he delivered the prestigious Legatum Pericles Lecture at the Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

On 30 June 2010, he attended the inauguration of Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III, the 15th President of the Philippines. He is the only head of state who attended the inauguration and the first dignitary to arrive in the Philippines for the inauguration. He is a close friend of the Aquino family.

Depictions

The 2000 documentary ''The Diplomat'', directed by Tom Zubrycki, follows Ramos-Horta in the period from 1998 to his return to East Timor in 2000. Ramos-Horta is played by Oscar Isaac in the 2009 film ''Balibo''. The film tells the story of the Balibo Five and the events preceding the Indonesian occupation of East Timor.

References

External links

Ramos-Horta's website

Nobel Prize biography

Who will be the next UN Secretary General?

Australian television interview transcript (2004)

{{Incumbent succession box | title = President of East Timor | before = Fernando de AraújoActing | start = 2008 }}

Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:People from Dili Category:East Timorese Roman Catholics Category:Prime Ministers of East Timor Category:Presidents of East Timor Category:Attempted assassination survivors Category:Current national leaders Category:East Timorese people of Portuguese descent Category:East Timorese Nobel laureates Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates Category:Columbia University alumni Category:Hague Academy of International Law people Category:Fellows of St Antony's College, Oxford Category:East Timorese lawyers Category:East Timorese politicians Category:East Timorese refugees Category:Shooting survivors Category:Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor politicians Category:Personae non gratae

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