Sigma (upper case Σ, lower case σ, lower case in word-final position ς; Greek σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, and carries the 'S' sound. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 200. When used at the end of a word, and the word is not all upper case, the final form (ς) is used, e.g. (Odysseus) – note the two sigmas in the center of the name, and the word-final sigma at the end.
It is still widely used in decorative typefaces in Greece, especially in religious and church contexts, as well as in some modern print editions of classical Greek texts. The forms of the Cyrillic letter С (representing ) and Coptic letter ''sima'' are derived from lunate sigma.
A dotted lunate sigma (''sigma periestigmenon'', encoded at U+03FE ) was used by Aristarchus of Samothrace as an editorial sign indicating that the line so marked is at an incorrect position. Similarly, an antisigma or reversed sigma () may mark a line that is out of place. A dotted antisigma or dotted reversed sigma (''antisigma periestigmenon'': ) may indicate a line after which rearrangements should be made, or to variant readings of uncertain priority.
description !! character !! Unicode !! HTML | |||
Greek | |||
SIGMA | Σσ | U+03A3U+03C3 | |
SMALL LETTERFINAL SIGMA | ς| | U+03C2 | ς |
LUNATE SIGMASYMBOL | Ϲϲ| | U+03F9U+03F2 | Ϲϲ |
REVERSEDLUNATE SIGMASYMBOL | Ͻͻ| | U+03FDU+037B | Ͻͻ |
DOTTEDLUNATE SIGMASYMBOL | Ͼͼ| | U+03FEU+037C | Ͼͼ |
REVERSED DOTTEDLUNATE SIGMASYMBOL | Ͽͽ| | U+03FFU+037D | Ͽͽ |
The use of multiple codepoints for final / non-final sigma is somewhat unusual in Unicode. However, the two cannot always be distinguished by a simple algorithm (there are exceptions for abbreviations), and there is a significant history of them being separate characters in other specifications.
Additionally, there are at least 23 codepoints for sigma as a symbol (bold, italic, sans-serif, lunate, reversed, or dotted, in various combinations).
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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