Events

534 – A second and final revision of the ''Codex Justinianus'' is published.

1491 – An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects.

1532 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: Hessian mercenaries capture Fort Washington from the Patriots.

1776 – American Revolution: the United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States.

1805 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern – Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Murat.

1821 – American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.

1849 – A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.

1852 – The English astronomer John Russell Hind discovers the asteroid 22 Kalliope.

1857 – Second relief of Lucknow – twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.

1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee – Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.

1885 – Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba", Louis Riel is executed for treason.

1907 – Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory join to form Oklahoma, that is admitted as the 46th U.S. state.

1907 – Cunard Line's , sister ship of , sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.

1914 – The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.

1938 – LSD is first synthesized by Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland.

1940 – World War II: in response to the leveling of Coventry, England by Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.

1940 – Holocaust: in occupied Poland, the Nazis close off the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world.

1943 – World War II: American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German-controlled Vemork, Norway.

1944 – Dueren, Germany is destroyed by Allied bombers.

1945 – Cold War: Operation Paperclip – the United States Army secretly admits 88 German scientists and engineers to help in the development of rocket technology.

1945 – UNESCO is founded.

1965 – Venera program: the Soviet Union launches the ''Venera 3'' space probe toward Venus, that will be the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.

1973 – Skylab program: NASA launches ''Skylab 4'' with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.

1973 – U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.

1979 – The first line of Bucharest Metro (Line M1) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semănătoarea in Bucharest, Romania.

1988 – The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic declares that Estonia is "sovereign" but stops short of declaring independence.

1988 – In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan elect populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister of Pakistan.

1989 – A death squad composed of El Salvadoran army troops kills six Jesuit priests and two others at Jose Simeon Canas University.

1992 – The Hoxne Hoard is discovered by metal detectorist Eric Lawes in Hoxne, Suffolk.

1997 – After nearly 18 years of incarceration, the People's Republic of China releases Wei Jingsheng, a pro-democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.

2000 – Bill Clinton becomes the first U.S. President to visit Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War.

Births

42 BC – Tiberius, Roman emperor (d. 37)

1436 – Leonardo Loredan, Doge of the Republic of Venice (d. 1521)

1603 – Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (d. 1673)

1643 – Jean Chardin, French explorer (d. 1703)

1717 – Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician (d. 1793)

1720 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, Italian composer (d. 1788)

1753 – James McHenry, American statesman (d. 1816)

1758 – Peter Andreas Heiberg, Danish author and philologist (d. 1841)

1766 – Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist (d. 1831)

1836 – King Kalākaua, of Hawaiʻi (d. 1891)

1839 – Louis-Honoré Fréchette, French Canadian poet (d. 1908)

1841 – Jules Violle, French physicist (d. 1923)

1847 – Edmund James Flynn, Canadian politician (d. 1927)

1851 – Minnie Hauk, American soprano (d. 1929)

1862 – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (d. 1944)

1873 – W. C. Handy, American composer (d. 1958)

1880 – Alexander Blok, Russian poet (d. 1921)

1885 – Monsignor Sir Mikiel Gonzi, Maltese archbishop (d. 1984)

1888 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and pianist (d. 1957)

1889 – George S. Kaufman, American playwright (d. 1961)

1889 – Dietrich Kraiß, German Nazi officer (d. 1944)

1890 – Elpidio Quirino, 6^th President of the Philippines (d. 1956)

1892 – Guo Moruo, Chinese writer (d. 1978)

1892 – Tazio Nuvolari, Italian racing driver (d. 1953)

1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)

1895 – Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. 1963)

1896 – Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov, Russian mathematician (d. 1982)

1896 – Joan Lindsay, Australian novelist (d. 1984)

1896 – Oswald Mosley, British politician and founder of the British Union of Fascists (d. 1980)

1896 – Lawrence Tibbett, American baritone (d. 1960)

1897 – Choudhary Rehmat Ali, Pakistani nationalist (d. 1951)

1899 – Mary Margaret McBride, American radio interview host (d. 1976)

1904 – Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1^st President of Nigeria (d. 1996)

1905 – Eddie Condon, American jazz banjoist and guitarist (d. 1973)

1907 – Burgess Meredith, American actor (d. 1997)

1914 – Eddie Chapman, British World War II spy and double agent, aka ''Agent Zigzag'' (d. 1997)

1916 – Daws Butler, American voice actor (d. 1988)

1922 – Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist

1922 – José Saramago, Portuguese novelist, Nobel laureate (d. 2010)

1924 – Mel Patton, American sprinter

1928 – Clu Gulager, American actor

1930 – Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelis, poet and academic

1930 – Salvatore Riina, Italian Mafia leader

1931 – Luciano Bottaro, Italian comic book artist (d. 2006)

1931 – Hubert Sumlin, American blues guitarist (Howlin' Wolf's band)

1933 – Garnet Mimms, American singer

1935 – Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Iraqi-born Lebanese Shiite Muslim cleric and Hezbollah mentor (d. 2010)

1935 – Elizabeth Drew, American journalist and author

1936 – John Moore, Australian politician

1938 – Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. 2002)

1940 – Donna McKechnie, American actress and dancer

1941 – Gerry Marshall, British race car driver (d. 2005)

1942 – Willie Carson, Scottish jockey

1942 – Joanna Pettet, English actress

1944 – Oliver Braddick, British psychologist

1946 – Terence McKenna, American writer and public speaker (d. 2000)

1946 – Jo Jo White, American basketball player

1947 – Ebby Thust, German boxing promoter and writer

1948 – Horst Bertram, German footballer

1948 – Bonnie Greer, American playwright and critic

1949 – Arrow, Montserratian soca musician (d. 2010)

1950 – David Leisure, American actor

1950 – John Swartzwelder, American television writer and novelist

1951 – Miguel Sandoval, American actor

1952 – Robin McKinley, American novelist

1952 – Piero Falchetta, Italian archivist in Biblioteca Marciana, essayist and translator

1952 – Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game designer

1953 – Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh comedian, writer and actor

1954 – Andrea Barrett, American novelist

1954 – Bruce Edwards, American golf caddy (d. 2004)

1954 – Dick Gross, Australian politician

1955 – Pierre Larouche, Canadian ice hockey player

1956 – Terry Labonte, American NASCAR driver

1957 – Jacques Gamblin, French actor

1958 – Marg Helgenberger, American actress

1958 – Boris Krivokapić, Serbian academic

1961 – Frank Bruno, British boxer

1961 – Corinne Hermès, French singer

1962 – Gary Mounfield, English bassist (The Stone Roses, Primal Scream)

1962 – Josh Silver, American keyboardist (Type O Negative)

1964 – Dwight Gooden, American baseball player

1964 – Diana Krall, Canadian jazz pianist and singer

1964 – Harry J. Lennix, American actor

1964 – Maeve Quinlan, American actress

1964 – Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian actress

1965 – Mika Aaltonen, Finnish footballer

1965 – Mark Benton, English actor

1966 – Christian Lorenz, German keyboardist (Rammstein)

1966 – Dean McDermott, Canadian actor

1966 – Tahir Shah, British travel writer and explorer

1966 – Dave Kushner, American guitarist (Velvet Revolver)

1967 – Craig Arnold, American poet

1967 – Lisa Bonet, American actress

1968 – Vlado Šola, Croatian handball goalkeeper

1968 – Melvin Stewart, American swimmer

1970 – Martha Plimpton, American actress

1970 – Logan Mader, American guitarist (Machine Head)

1971 – Mustapha Hadji, Moroccan footballer

1971 – Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer

1971 – Koshi Rikdo, Japanese manga artist

1971 – Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer

1972 – Missi Pyle, American actress

1973 – Christian Horner, British Formula One team owner

1973 – Brendan Laney, Scottish rugby player

1974 – Eric Judy, American bassist (Modest Mouse)

1974 – Maurizio Margaglio, Italian ice dancer

1974 – Paul Scholes, British footballer

1975 – Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player

1976 – Mario Barravecchia, Belgian singer

1976 – Juha Pasoja, Finnish footballer

1976 – Danny Wallace, British author

1976 – Martijn Zuijdweg, Dutch swimmer

1977 – Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater

1977 – Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress

1977 – Mauricio Ochmann, Mexican actor

1978 – Kip Bouknight, American baseball player

1978 – Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer

1978 – Carolina Parra, Brazilian guitarist and drummer (CSS)

1979 – Tony Frias, American footballer

1979 – Bruce Irons, American surfer

1980 – Kayte Christensen, American basketball player

1980 – Nicole Gius, Italian alpine skier

1980 – Carol Huynh, Canadian freestyle wrestler

1981 – Allison Crowe, Canadian singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist

1981 – Caitlin Glass, American voice actress

1981 – Osi Umenyiora, English-born American football player

1982 – Jannie du Plessis, South African rugby player

1982 – Ronald Pognon, French sprinter

1982 – Amar'e Stoudemire, American basketball player

1983 – Chris Gocong, American football player

1983 – K, South Korean-born Japanese singer

1983 – Kari Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey goaltender

1983 – Britta Steffen, German swimmer

1984 – Kimberly J. Brown, American actress

1986 – Saeko, Japanese actress

1995 – Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor

Deaths

1093 – Saint Margaret of Scotland, Hungarian-born queen-consort of King Malcolm III of Scotland (b. c. 1045)

1240 – Saint Edmund Rich, English Archbishop of Canterbury (b. c. 1175)

1272 – King Henry III of England (b. 1207)

1328 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1276)

1613 – Trajano Boccalini, Italian satirist (b. 1556)

1628 – Paolo Quagliati, Italian composer (b. c. 1555)

1632 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (b. 1594)

1695 – Pierre Nicole, French philosopher (b. 1625)

1724 – Jack Sheppard, English burglar (b. 1702)

1745 – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman and soldier (b. 1665)

1773 – John Hawkesworth, English writer

1779 – Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. 1716)

1790 – Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)

1797 – King Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744)

1802 – André Michaux, French botanist (b. 1746)

1806 – Moses Cleaveland, American lawyer and surveyor; namesake of Cleveland, Ohio (b. 1754)

1836 – Christian Hendrik Persoon, Dutch mycologist (b. 1761)

1878 – Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1874)

1884 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (b. 1835)

1885 – Louis Riel, Canadian politician (b. 1844)

1907 – Robert I, Duke of Parma (b. 1848)

1908 – Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, French-born Canadian politician (b. 1829)

1911 – A. A. Ames, American politician (b. 1842)

1922 – Max Abraham, German physicist (b. 1875)

1939 – Pierce Butler, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1866)

1950 – Bob Smith, American physician and temperance activist (b. 1879)

1956 – Ōtori Tanigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 24^th Yokozuna (b. 1887)

1960 – Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901)

1961 – Sam Rayburn, American politician (b. 1882)

1971 – Edie Sedgwick, American socialite and heiress (b. 1940)

1972 – Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1889)

1973 – Alan Watts, English writer and philosopher (b. 1915)

1974 – Walther Meissner, German technical physicist (b. 1882)

1980 – Jayan, Indian actor (b.1938)

1982 – Arthur Askey, British comedian (b. 1900)

1982 – Lenny Murphy, Northern Irish loyalist figure (b. 1952)

1984 – Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (b. 1906)

1986 – Siobhán McKenna, Irish stage and screen actress (b. 1923)

1987 – Jim Brewer, American baseball player (b. 1937)

1987 – Zubir Said, Singaporean composer (b. 1907)

1989 – Jean-Claude Malépart, Quebec politician (b. 1938)

1993 – Lucia Popp, Slovakian soprano (b. 1939)

1993 – Achille Zavatta, Tunisia-born French clown (b. 1915)

1994 – Doris Speed, British actress (b. 1899)

1994 – Chet Powers, American musician (Quicksilver Messenger Service) (b. 1943)

1995 – Jack Finney, American writer (b. 1911)

1999 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1928)

2000 – Ahmet Kaya, Turkish singer and composer (b. 1957)

2000 – DJ Screw, American hiphop DJ (b. 1971)

2000 – Joe C., American rapper (b. 1974)

2001 – Tommy Flanagan, American jazz pianist (b. 1930)

2003 – Bettina Goislard, French relief worker (b. 1974)

2004 – Margaret Hassan, Irish aid worker (b. 1945)

2005 – Henry Taube, Canadian-born American chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1915)

2005 – Robert Tisch, American football team owner (b. 1926)

2005 – Donald Watson, English vegan advocate (b. 1910)

2006 – Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1912)

2006 – Yuri Levada, Russian sociologist (b. 1930)

2007 – Harold Alfond, American businessman (b. 1914)

2007 – Grethe Kausland, Norwegian actress and singer (b. 1947)

2007 – Trond Kirkvaag, Norwegian comedian and author (b. 1946)

2008 – Reg Varney, British actor (b. 1916)

2009 – Edward Woodward, British actor (b. 1930)

2009 – Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (b. 1978)

2010 – Wyngard Tracy, Filipino talent manager (b. 1952)

2010 – Donald Nyrop, American airline executive (b. 1912)

2010 – Ronni Chasen, American film publicist (b. 1946)

2010 – Britton Chance, American molecular biologist and yachtsman (b. 1913)

Holidays and observances

Christian Feast Day:

*Edmund of Abingdon

*Eucherius of Lyon

*Gertrude the Great (Roman Catholic church)

*Lebuinus

*Margaret of Scotland

*Matthew the Evangelist (Eastern Christianity)

*Saint Othmar

*November 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (Estonia)

Day of Repentance and Prayer or ''Buß- und Bettag'' (the Protestant church bodies of Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United. A school holiday in Saxony and Bavaria)

Icelandic Language Day or ''Dagur íslenskrar tungu'' (Iceland)

International Day for Tolerance (International)

External links

BBC: On This Day

On This Day in Canada

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Category:Days of the year Category:November

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Danny MacAskill, (born 23 December 1985) also known as 'Danny MegaSkill', is a Scottish trials cyclist, from Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye. He is 176 centimeters tall and works professionally as a street trials pro rider for Inspired Bicycles Ltd. He released 'April 2009', a five-and-a-half-minute street trials video, filmed by his flatmate Dave Sowerby, on YouTube on the 19th April 2009. The video quickly gained popular acclaim and widespread media attention. The video features stunts performed by MacAskill set to 'The Funeral' by Band of Horses.

As of April 2009, MacAskill, who was brought up in Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye, had been practicing for more than 12 years. He gave up his job as a mechanic so he could ride full time. He now lives in Edinburgh. In June 2009, MacAskill appeared in the music video for Doves' single "Winter Hill". MacAskill also appeared in a TV-commercial for the new Volkswagen Golf Estate.

On 16 November 2010 MacAskill released a new video "Way back home" sponsored by Red Bull. The video showcases locations around Scotland including Edinburgh Castle, North Berwick, wartime bunkers on the island of Inchgarvie beneath the Forth Bridge and a hydro-electric power station in the Scottish Highlands.. In May 2011 Leica Cameras released a "Go Play" promo video featuring him doing tricks in the city of Cape Town. In August 9th of 2011 Cut Media released a video named "Industrial Revolutions". The video features MacAskill doing tricks in an abandoned Scottish iron works. It was created for Channel 4's documentary Concrete Circus.

References

External links

dannymacaskill.co.uk

Category:People from Skye and Lochalsh Category:Scottish cyclists Category:Living people Category:1985 births

de:Danny MacAskill fr:Danny MacAskill it:Danny MacAskill

Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	Jon Lajoie
birth date
birth place	Montreal, Quebec, Canada
known for	''I Kill People" skit, "WTF Collective" music video
occupation	Canadian, comedian, musician, actor
nationality	Canadian
website	http://www.jonlajoie.com/
influences	}}

Jonathan "Jon" Lajoie (born August 21, 1980) is a Canadian comedian, actor, rapper, singer, musician and Internet celebrity from Montreal, Quebec.

Background

Lajoie was born in Saint-Hubert, Quebec and raised in Montreal, Quebec. His father is French-Canadian and his mother is English-Canadian. He graduated from Dawson College's theatre program in 2001. Since 1998, he has acted as an English-Canadian musician named Thomas Edison in Radio-Canada's French-Canadian sitcom ''L'auberge du chien noir''.

Beyond the Internet

''The League''

Lajoie currently has a role in the FX Network TV show called ''The League'' as Taco McArthur, a perpetually stoned and unemployed musician. Lajoie performs his song "The Birthday Song" in an episode of the show's first season.

''Comedy Central Presents''

Jon Lajoie filmed an episode of ''Comedy Central Presents'' on November 7, 2009. It premiered on March 5, 2010. The same special aired uncensored as part of Comedy Central's Secret Stash on June 6 at 1:30 AM (EST). The special featured the world premiere of the video for his song "Pop Song".

Discography

Studio albums

Title	Details
''You Want Some of This?''		* Release date: January 30, 2009	* Label: Normal Guy Productions	Compact disc>CD, music download
''I Kill People''		* Release date: November 15, 2010	* Label: Normal Guy Productions	* Formats: CD, music download

Singles

"Very Super Famous" (2011)

"The Best Song" (2011)

"F**k Everything" (2011)

Music videos

Song title !! width="150"
	"High as Fuck"			October 1st, 2007
"2 Girls 1 Cup Song"		November 1st, 2007
"Everyday Normal Guy"		November 21st, 2007
"Cold Blooded Christmas"		December 10th, 2007
	"Why Did You Leave Me?"		January 8th, 2008
"Everyday Normal Guy 2"		January 16th, 2008
		February 4th, 2008
"Sunday Afternoon"		March 11th, 2008
"Show Me Your Genitals"		May 31st, 2008
"Stay at Home Dad"		August 21st, 2008
"Show Me Your Genitals 2: E=MC Vagina"		September 5th, 2008
Bootlegs & B-Sides (including "I Don't Understand" and "Potty Training Song")		October 11th, 2008
"Too Fast"		November 17th, 2008
	"Everyday Normal Crew"		January 5th, 2009
"Alone in the Universe"			March 8th, 2009
"I Kill People"		April 23rd, 2009
"Michael Jackson is Dead"		June 26th, 2009
"Radio Friendly Song"		August 27th, 2009
"WTF Collective"		October 5th, 2009
	"Chatroulette Song"		March 26th, 2010
"I Can Dance"		April 19th, 2010
		Non-album song	May 31st, 2010
"Pop Song"	Julien Demers-Arsenault	''You Want Some of This?''	June 5th, 2010
"Mel Gibson's Love Song"			July 5th, 2010
"WTF Collective 2"		November 16th, 2010
"In Different Ways"	Julien Demers-Arsenault	December 18th, 2010
	"Very Super Famous"		"Very Super Famous" single	February 15th, 2011
		Non-album song	May 2nd, 2011
"The Best Song"		"The Best Song" single	June 21st, 2011
"Fuck Everything"	Jon Lajoie	"Fuck Everything" single	July 29th, 2011

References

External links

Official website

Lajoie on ''Funny or Die''

The Lance – Jon Lajoie's transition from online to stage, Dec. 3, 2008

Jon Lajoie Conquers web with Coarse Songs – AOL Music

Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:Canadian comedians Category:Canadian comedy musicians Category:Canadian Internet personalities Category:Canadian people of English descent Category:Canadian rappers Category:Canadian stand-up comedians Category:Anglophone Quebec people Category:Quebecers of French descent Category:People from Longueuil Category:Musicians from Montreal Category:Dawson College alumni

ca:Jon Lajoie de:Jon Lajoie et:Jon Lajoie es:Jon Lajoie fr:Jon Lajoie it:Jon Lajoie ka:ჯონ ლეჟუა lt:Jon Lajoie pl:Jon Lajoie pt:Jon Lajoie ru:Лажуа, Джон sr:Džon Lažua fi:Jon Lajoie sv:Jon Lajoie uk:Джон Лажуа

Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	Keri Hilson
background	solo_singer
birth name	Keri Lynn Hilson
birth date	December 05, 1982
birth place	Decatur, Georgia,
genre	R&B;, pop, hip hop
occupation	Singer–songwriter
years relevant	2008
label	Zone 4, Mosley Music, Interscope
associated acts	The Clutch, Timbaland, Polow da Don, Kanye West, Chris Brown, Akon
website	}}

Keri Lynn Hilson (born December 5, 1982) is an American R&B; recording artist, and songwriter. Born and raised in Decatur, Georgia, Hilson made herself a name as a songwriter, penning tracks for several artists in the mid-2000s as part of the five-person production/songwriting team known as The Clutch. In 2006, she signed a recording contract with Timbaland's label, Mosley Music. Critics have credited Hilson for her amazing songwriting skills and her vocal performances.

Hilson released her debut studio album, ''In a Perfect World...'' in March 2009, which peaked within the top five of the ''Billboard'' 200 albums chart and featured the hit singles "Knock You Down" and "Turnin Me On". The album reached number one on the US Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums chart and was eventually certified gold. Hilson earned two Grammy Award nominations for the album including Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Knock You Down", which features Kanye West and Ne-Yo. A reissue of the album, included previously unreleased songs such as "I Like". The song became Hilson's first number one hit in Germany and certified platinum there. Unfortunately for Hilson, however, saw no success in receiving a Grammy. As a prominent guest vocalist in both the contemporary R&B; and hip hop genres, Hilson has been featured on over a dozen singles by other artists, including the number-one hit single "The Way I Are" with Timbaland.

Life and career

1982–2000: Early life and career beginnings

Hilson was born in Decatur, Georgia. She attended Tucker High School in Tucker, Georgia. At the age of 12, Hilson began piano and singing lessons. During her mid to late teens, Hilson began her career as a songwriter and background vocalist, working under producer Anthony Dent. After trying and failing with two girl groups, Pretty Toni and D'Sign, Hilson enrolled at Oxford College of Emory University in Oxford, Georgia while still pursing a music career. Hilson cites Janet Jackson as a major influence in her career.

2001–2007: Songwriting with The Clutch and solo ventures

When the pennies from performances at Magic City in Atlanta Georgia were not making ends meet, Hilson began writing music for other artists in 2001 as part of the five-person production/songwriting team known as The Clutch. She also made a name for herself as a song arranger and sung background vocals on many of the songs she had written for artists such as Usher, Ludacris, Kelly Rowland, and Ciara. Hilson's songwriting was responsible for numerous hit singles, including Mary J. Blige's "Take Me as I Am", Omarion's "Ice Box", the Pussycat Dolls' "Wait a Minute", Britney Spears' "Gimme More", Nas's "Hero",and also Ciara's "Like a Boy".

She remained mostly behind the scenes until 2004, when she was featured on the single "Hey Now (Mean Muggin)" by the rapper Xzibit. Hilson made her performing debut at the 2004 MTV Europe Music Awards in which she performed the song live with Xzibit. In 2006 she signed as an artist to Timbaland's record label, Mosley Music. In 2007 Hilson made several appearances on Timbaland's solo effort ''Shock Value'', including the singles "Scream" and "The Way I Are" which reached number three on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Furthermore, she was featured on the track "Lost Girls" on Zone 4-labelmate Rich Boy's debut album and its second single "Good Things". Hilson was credited as a writer and backing vocalist on Britney Spears's album ''Blackout''. She made several appearances in music videos for singles such as "Love in This Club" by Usher and also in the music video for Ne-Yo's single, "Miss Independent".

2008–2009: The Year of Relevance: ''In a Perfect World...''

After several pushbacks, Hilson's debut album ''In a Perfect World...'' was released in March 2009. According to the singer, the title of the album is her way of "saying nothing in the world is perfect and no person in it is, either. None of us are exempt from certain hardships and heartbreaks and we all have something about our lives that we'd change if only we could - be it body image, financial status, love life... It was really important for me to write songs that women can relate to from real situations. I didn’t want to do an album that painted myself as perfect because no matter how things look, no one is. I called it that with the ellipses - dot dot dot - because it's an incomplete statement. I wanted to talk about how nobody's exempted from the realities of life and all those things." It was executively produced by Timbaland and Polow da Don. ''In a Perfect World...'' debuted at number four on the US ''Billboard'' 200 and at number one on the US Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums chart with first week sales of approximately 94,000 copies, and earned generally favorable reviews from music critics who noted it a "seductive debut CD full of slick, radio-friendly cuts." and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA.

"Energy" was released as the album's lead single on May 20, 2008. It reached a peak of number seventy-eight on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100, number twenty-one on the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and achieved minor success in the UK. The song became a success in New Zealand, where it reached a peak of number two and gained a gold accreditation there. In October 2008 Hilson collaborated with fellow singer Chris Brown on a song titled "Superhuman", which reached the top twenty in Ireland and New Zealand. "Return the Favor" which features Timbaland was released as the album's second single. It peaked within the top twenty in the UK, Ireland, and Belgium. "Turnin Me On" which featured Lil Wayne became Hilson's first top twenty hit as a solo artist on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, where it reached number fifteen on the chart. The song reached number two on the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs chart, becoming Hilson's first top five hit on the chart.

"Knock You Down", a collaboration with Kanye West and Ne-Yo, was released as the album's fourth single. The song has proven to be Hilson's most successful worldwide single to date. It peaked at number three on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for three non-consecutive weeks and topped the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It additionally appeared the in top ten of five other countries and certified platinum in New Zealand and gold in Australia. The song received a nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 52nd Grammy Awards. A reissue of the album, included previously unreleased songs such as "I Like". The song was used for the German film ''Zweiohrküken'' and became Hilson's first number one hit in Germany which certified platinum there. Meanwhile Hilson continued appearing on single releases by several artists throughout 2009 including Plies' single "Medicine", Fabolous' "Everything, Everyday, Everywhere," Nas' "Hero" and Sean Paul's "Hold My Hand".

2010–present: ''No Boys Allowed''

In January 2010 Hilson guest featured on Akon's charity single "Oh Africa". She was also part of the extended A-list of musical artists during the recording session of "We Are the World 25 for Haiti." Hilson also made guest features on other singles including "Million Dollar Girl" by Trina and T.I's "Got Your Back". In April 2010 it was revealed she was the new face of Avon, replacing singer Jennifer Hudson.

Her second studio album, ''No Boys Allowed,'' was released on December 21, 2010. Hilson explained that "''No Boys Allowed'' is a deeply personal project designed to bring women to their feet. The provocative title, is not what you may think. It's not about excluding men. It's more about women understanding that there comes a time in your life when you want a man. A real man. A grown up. Not a boy. And that's not a bad thing. I write from a female perspective, but I'm also telling men what women are really thinking and feeling about them." The album debuted at number 11 on the ''Billboard'' 200 with 102,000  copies sold. Though it sold 8,000  copies more than her debut album, ''In a Perfect World...'', it failed to match that album's debut chart position of number four.

"Breaking Point," produced by Timbaland was released as the album's lead single in the United States on September 7, 2010. It reached a peak of number forty-four on the US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Pretty Girl Rock" was released as the second single on October 12, 2010. It has reached a current peak of number ten on the US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs chart and peaked at number twenty four on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. The music video for the song has received critical acclaim and praise for its homage to musical icons of the past such as Josephine Baker, Dorothy Dandridge, The Andrews Sisters, Diana Ross, Donna Summer, Janet Jackson and TLC. Hilson appears as each singer in a well-known scene from the era depicted. As of early 2011 she is preparing for a spring tour and is opening for TLC's 20th Anniversary celebration concert and beginning work on a third album featuring TLC, Blaque and more girl groups.

"One Night Stand " featuring Chris Brown, is the album's third single. In February 2011, Hilson told ''Rap-Up'' magazine that she was considering choosing "One Night Stand" as the next single from ''No Boys Allowed'', after an outpouring of fan support. She said, "My fans are really liking "One Night Stand" with Chris Brown ... I have a lot of favorites, but the fans are wanting "One Night Stand." It’s going to be my urban single. Not going to be, but if we go with it, we'll go with that." The song has appeared on the US Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number sixty-eight. It has been announced that "Lose Control" featuring Nelly, will serve as the album's next single.

Discography

''In a Perfect World...'' (2009)

''No Boys Allowed'' (2010)

Awards and nominations

! Year	! Type	! Nominated work	! Award	! Result
2007		"The Way I Are" with Timbaland and D.O.E.	Monster Single of the Year
			Favorite Female R&B;/Soul Artist
Breakthrough Artist
	Best New Artist
Best Female R&B; Artist
	Viewer's Choice
Best Collaboration
rowspan="2"	''In a Perfect World...''	Best Album
	Best Female Act
	Best International Act
Best R&B;/Soul Act
	Best New Artist
"Turnin Me On"	Song of the Year
	Best Collaboration
Record of the Year
		Best Rap/Sung Collaboration
	Best New Artist
NAACP Image Awards	Outstanding New Artist
		Best Female R&B; Artist
"Pretty Girl Rock"	Video of the Year

References

External links

Category:1982 births Category:African American singers Category:American dance musicians Category:American female singers Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:Emory University alumni Category:Interscope Records artists Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:People from Atlanta, Georgia

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Coordinates	20°34′00″N103°40′35″N
name	Richie Spice
background	solo_singer
birth name	Richell Bonner
origin	Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica
instrument	Vocals
genre	Reggae
notable instruments	}}

Richie Spice (born Richell Bonner on September 8, 1971 in Rock Hall, St. Andrew, Jamaica) is a Jamaican reggae artist. He is a member of the Rastafari movement. Some of his most famous songs include, "Youth Dem Cold", "Groovin' My Girl", "Earth A Run Red", "Marijuana" and "The Plane Land". He is one of the Bonner brothers all of whom are reggae artists, including Pliers and Spanner Banner.

Biography

Spice's first Jamaican single "Killing a Sound" was produced by Dennis "Star" Hayes. This was followed by "Shine" by ace Jamaican record producer/musician Clive Hunt. Spice also teamed up with Hunt for his debut album on the Island Jamaica Label from which came his first major hit "Grooving my girl". His sister, Bridgett Bonner for Bonner Productions Ltd., organized his second album. The album produced hits such as "Earth a Run Red", "Living Ain't Easy", Land of Jamaica "Time So Rough", the aforementioned "Grooving My Girl" and many others.

Having gained popularity in the mid-'90s, Spice has performed at all major shows staged locally namely Reggae Sun Splash (a paid tribute by him to Bob Marley), White River Reggae Bash, Rebel Salute and many others. Spice has opened shows for the likes of Chaka Demus and Pliers, Spanner Banner and Rita Marley on extensive tours of Europe and the United States 1996-1997.

He again toured East North America from June to September 2001. His increased popularity has gained him spots at numerous venues. His most recent projects include performances at Sting held at Jam World St. Catherine (December 26, 2002) and Sting Miami (March 2003).

More recently, a remix of one of his more popular tracks, "Marijuana" by Digital Mystikz's Coki, re-named "Burnin'" has focused more attention to him in the blossoming dubstep scene coming out of the UK. The original version of "Marijuana" also appears on the "These Are Serious Times" modern reggae compilation on XL Recordings.

His song 'Youth Dem Cold' was featured on Grand Theft Auto IV's Massive B Soundsytem 96.9 and the end credits of Attack the Block.

Discography

1999: ''Living Ain't Easy''

2000: ''Universal''

2006: ''Spice In Your Life''

2007: ''In The Streets To Africa'' #6 at Top Reggae Albums 2008: ''Gideon Boot'' #1 at Top Reggae Albums

2009: ''Street Life''

2011: ''Book Of Job''

References

Category:Jamaican reggae musicians Category:Jamaican Rastafarians Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:People from Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica

de:Richie Spice es:Richie Spice fr:Richie Spice sw:Richie Spice ht:Richie Spice nl:Richie Spice pt:Richie Spice sv:Richie Spice