Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
name	The Hugo Award
description	The best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous calendar year
presenter	World Science Fiction Society
year	1953
website	thehugoawards.org }}

The Hugo Awards are given annually for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. The award is named after Hugo Gernsback, the founder of the pioneering science fiction magazine ''Amazing Stories''. Organized and overseen by the World Science Fiction Society, the awards are given each year at the annual World Science Fiction Convention as the central focus of the event. The awards were first given in 1953, at the 11th World Science Fiction Convention, and have been awarded every year since 1955. Over the years that the award has been given, the categories presented have changed; currently Hugo Awards are given in more than a dozen categories, and include both written and dramatic works of various types.

One of the most prestigious science fiction awards, the Hugo Award has been termed as "among the highest honors bestowed in science fiction and fantasy writing". Works that have won the award have been published in special collections, and the official logo of the Hugo Awards is often placed on the winning books' cover as a promotional tool. The 2011 awards were presented at the 69th convention in Reno, Nevada, on August 20, 2011, and the 2012 awards will be presented at the 70th convention in Chicago, Illinois, on September 2, 2012.

Award

The World Science Fiction Society (WSFS) gives out the Hugo Awards each year for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. The award is named after Hugo Gernsback, who founded the pioneering science fiction magazine ''Amazing Stories'' and who is considered one of the "fathers" of the science fiction genre. Works which are eligible for an award are those which were published in English in the prior calendar year. There are no written rules as to which works qualify as science fiction or fantasy, and the decision of eligibility in that regard is left up to the voters, rather than to the organizing committee. Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention, or Worldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The selection process is defined in the WSFS constitution as instant-runoff voting with five nominees per category, except in the case of a tie. The awards are split over more than a dozen categories, and include both written and dramatic works.

The five works on the ballot for each category are the most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of stories that can be nominated. The 1953 through 1958 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up novels, but since 1959 all five candidates have been recorded. Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of five nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held. Worldcons are generally held near the start of September, and take place in a different city around the world each year.

The award itself was created by Jack McKnight and Ben Jason in 1953, based on the design of hood ornaments of 1950s cars. It consisted of a finned rocket ship on a wooden base. Each subsequent award, with the exception of the 1958 award, has been similar to the original design. The rocket trophy was formally redesigned in 1984, and since then only the base of the trophy has changed each year.

History

While "bests" had been selected at all Worldcons since the inaugural event in 1939, no awards were presented until the 11th Worldcon in Philadelphia in 1953, which awarded Hugos in seven categories. The awards presented that year were initially conceived as a one-off event, though the organizers hoped that subsequent conventions would also present them. At the time, Worldcons were completely run by their respective committees as independent events and had no oversight between years, and as such there was no mandate for any future conventions to repeat the awards. The 1954 Worldcon chose not to, but they were reinstated at the 1955 Worldcon, and thereafter became traditional. Initially the award was called the Annual Science Fiction Achievement Award, with "Hugo Award" being an unofficial, but better known name. Since the 1992 awards, the nickname has been adopted as the official name of the award. In 1961, after the formation of the WSFS to oversee each Worldcon committee, formal rules were set down in the WSFS constitution mandating the presenting of the awards as one of the responsibilities of each Worldcon organizing committee. The rules also specified the categories that would be awarded, which could only be changed by the World Science Fiction Society board. These categories were for Best Novel, Short Fiction (short stories), Dramatic Presentation, Professional Magazine, Professional Artist, and Best Fanzine (fan magazine).

In 1964 the guidelines were changed to allow individual conventions to create additional categories, which was codified as up to two categories for that year. These additional awards were officially designated as Hugo Awards, but were not required to be repeated by future conventions. This was later adjusted to only allow one additional category; while these extra Hugo Awards have been given out in several categories, only a few were ever awarded for more than one year. In 1967 categories for Novelette, Fan Writer, and Artist were added, and a category for Best Novella was added the following year. Novelettes had also been awarded prior to the codification of the rules. In 1973, the category for Best Professional Magazine was removed, with Best Professional Editor taking its place. After that year the guidelines were changed again to remove the mandated awards and instead allow up to ten categories which would be chosen by each convention, though they were expected to be similar to those presented in the year before. Despite this change no new awards were added or previous awards removed before the guidelines were changed back to listing specific categories by 1980.

In 1980 the category for Best Related Work was added, followed by a category for Best Semiprozine (semi-professional magazine) in 1984. In 1990 the Best Original Art Work award was given as an extra Hugo Award, and was listed again in 1991, though not actually awarded, and established afterward as an official Hugo Award. It was then removed from this status in 1996, and has not been awarded since. In 2003, the Dramatic Presentation award was split into two categories, Long Form and Short Form. This was repeated with the Best Professional Editor category in 2007. The most recent change to the Hugo Awards was in 2009, when an award for Best Graphic Story was added.

Retro Hugos

In the mid-1990s Retrospective Hugo Awards, or Retro Hugos, were added. These awards are given by Worldcons held 50, 75, or 100 years after a Worldcon where no Hugos had been awarded, which were the conventions in 1939–41, 1946–52, and 1954, and are given for works that would have been eligible in that year, by the same process as the regular Hugos. Retro Hugos have only been given three times: in 1996, 2001, and 2004 for 50 years prior; the five Worldcons eligible in 1997–2000 and 2002 chose not to award them. The next opportunity will be in 2014 for the year 1939, starting the 75-year cycle.

Categories

Hugo Award for Best Novel

width="30%"	Current categories	Year started	Description
	|	1953	Stories of 40,000 words or more
	Hugo Award for Best Novella	1968
	Hugo Award for Best Novelette	1955
	Hugo Award for Best Short Story	1955
	Hugo Award for Best Related Work	1980
	Hugo Award for Best Graphic Story	2009
	Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation (Long and Short Forms)	1958
	Hugo Award for Best Semiprozine	1984
	Hugo Award for Best Fanzine	1955
	Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor (Long and Short Forms)	1973
	Hugo Award for Best Professional Artist	1953
	Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist	1967
	Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer	1967

Worldcons may also give out special awards during the Hugo ceremony, which are not voted on and are not considered to be Hugo Awards. An additional award, the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, is presented at the Hugo Award ceremony and voted by the same process, but is not formally a Hugo Award.

Recognition

The Hugo Award is highly regarded by observers. The ''Los Angeles Times'' has termed it "among the highest honors bestowed in science fiction and fantasy writing", a claim echoed by ''Wired'', who said that it was "the premier award in the science fiction genre", Justine Larbalestier, in ''The Battle of the Sexes in Science Fiction'' (2002), who referred to the awards as "the best known and most prestigious of the science fiction awards", and Jo Walton, writing for Tor.com, who said it was "undoubtedly science fiction’s premier award". ''The Guardian'' similarly acknowledged it as "a fine showcase for speculative fiction" as well as "one of the most venerable, democratic and international" science fiction awards "in existence". James Gunn, in ''The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'' (1988), echoed ''The Guardian'''s statement of the award's democratic nature, saying that "because of its broad electorate" the Hugos were the awards most representative of "reader popularity". Camille Bacon-Smith, in ''Science Fiction Culture'' (2000), says that fewer than 1000 people vote on the final ballot; she holds, however, that this is a representative sample of the readership at large, given the number of winning novels that remain in print for decades or become notable outside of the science fiction genre, such as ''The Demolished Man'' or ''The Left Hand of Darkness''.

The official logo of the Hugo Awards is often placed on the winning books' cover as a promotional tool. Gahan Wilson, in ''First World Fantasy Awards'' (1977), claimed that noting that a book had won the Hugo Award on the cover "demonstrably" increased sales for that novel, though Orson Scott Card said in his 1990 ''How to Write Science Fiction & Fantasy'' that the award had a larger effect on foreign sales than in the United States. Spider Robinson, in 1992, claimed that publishers were very interested in authors that won a Hugo Award, more so than for other awards such as the Nebula Award. Literary agent Richard Curtis said in his 1996 ''Mastering the Business of Writing'' that having the term Hugo Award on the cover, even as a nominee, was a "powerful inducement" to science fiction fans to buy a novel, while Jo Walton claimed in 2011 that the Hugo is the only science fiction award "that actually affects sales of a book".

There have been several anthologies collecting Hugo-winning short fiction. The series ''The Hugo Winners'', edited by Isaac Asimov, was started in 1962 as a collection of short story winners up to the previous year, and concluded with the 1982 Hugos in Volume 5. ''The New Hugo Winners'', edited originally by Asimov, later by Connie Willis and finally by Gregory Benford, has four volumes collecting stories from the 1983 to the 1994 Hugos. ''The Hugo Award Showcase'' (2010), edited by Mary Robinette Kowal, contains most of the short stories, novelettes, and novellas that were nominated for the 2009 award.

See also

List of science fiction awards

Nebula Award

Locus Award

Rhysling Award

List of joint winners of the Hugo and Nebula awards

References

External links

Current WSFS Constitution

Category:American literary awards Category:Awards established in 1953 Category:Science fiction awards Category:Fantasy awards Category:World Science Fiction Convention

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Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
birth date	February 10, 1997
birth place	Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
occupation	Actress
yearsactive	2004–present
birthname	Chloë Grace Moretz
homepage	Chloe Moretz.com }}

Chloë Grace Moretz (; born February 10, 1997) is an American actress, well known for her role as Hit-Girl in the 2010 superhero film ''Kick-Ass''. She also appeared in ''(500) Days of Summer'' and ''Diary of a Wimpy Kid'', and portrayed Abby, the child vampire, in ''Let Me In''.

Personal life

Moretz was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Her mother, Teri (née Duke), is a nurse practitioner, and her father, McCoy Lee Moretz, is a plastic surgeon. Moretz has four older brothers: Brandon, Trevor, Colin and Ethan. She has described her family as "very Christian". One of her brothers, Trevor Duke Moretz, is her acting coach and accompanies her on trips and press dates when her parents are unable to attend.

Moretz moved from Georgia to New York in 2001, with her mother and her older brother, Trevor, because he was accepted into a professional performing arts school; this initially got her interested in acting. Her Hollywood career began when she and the rest of her family moved to Los Angeles in 2003.

Acting career

Her first role in Hollywood was as Violet in two episodes of the series ''The Guardian'', and her first film role was as Molly in ''Heart of the Beholder''.

It was not until her second big-screen acting role, in the 2005 remake of ''The Amityville Horror'' that she earned greater recognition in the form of a Young Artist Award nomination. After ''Amityville'', Moretz's acting career progressed further when she received several guest-starring roles on TV, as well as a role as one of the family children in ''Big Momma's House 2''. Among the most notable of her TV roles to date are Candy Stoker in an episode of ''My Name Is Earl'', and Sherri Maltby in ''Desperate Housewives''. Moretz also voiced the U.S. version of the animated character Darby in ''My Friends Tigger & Pooh''.

After her first film premiere in ''The Amityville Horror'', she has been a frequent guest at film premieres. She has an interest in fashion, and often wears clothes in her own distinctive style. thumb|right|250px|With Elias Koteas at the premiere of ''[[Let Me In (film)|Let Me In''.]] In 2010, Moretz appeared as Hit-Girl in director Matthew Vaughn's superhero film ''Kick-Ass'', based on the graphic novel of the same name by Mark Millar and John Romita, Jr., for which she has received widespread critical acclaim. Moretz trained with Jackie Chan's stunt crew for three months prior to filming ''Kick-Ass'' and did most of her own stunts while filming on location. Also that year, she played Abby, a 12-year-old vampire, in ''Let Me In'', the American remake of the Swedish film ''Let the Right One In'', which was released on October 1, 2010. On March 30, 2010, Moretz was cast as little Ann in the psychological thriller ''Texas Killing Fields''.

Moretz's projects for 2011 include playing the role of Isabelle in Martin Scorsese's film adaptation of ''The Invention of Hugo Cabret'', and ''Hick'', an adaptation of the novel by Andrea Portes.

Moretz has signed on to play the leading role in ''Emily the Strange''. The project was first mentioned over two years ago, when Dark Horse Entertainment president Mike Richardson announced his plans to bring the character to the big screen. First started as an iconic image in 1991 and used to promote a clothing line from Cosmic Debris, the Gothic teen has developed a back story through a series of Dark Horse Comics, which have been published since 2001.

Filmography

Film
Year	Film	Role	Notes
	''Heart of the Beholder''	Molly
	Chelsea Lutz
''Family Plan''	Young Charlie
''Today You Die''	St. Thomas Hospital Girl
	''Big Momma's House 2''	Carrie
''Room 6''	Melissa Norman
''Wicked Little Things''	Emma Tunny
	''The Cure''	Emily	TV movie
''The Third Nail''	Hailey
	Sabrina
	Darby	TV animated movie (voice)
		Alicia
''The Poker House''	Cammie
	Young Penny
		Darby
	Toby Bishop
''(500) Days of Summer''	Rachel Hansen
		Angie Steadman	Central Ohio Film Critics Association for Breakthrough Film ArtistYoung Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film (Young Ensemble Cast)Nominated – Central Ohio Film Critics Association for Actor of the Year
	Hit Girl/Mindy Macready	Austin Film Critics Association
	Jillian	Straight-to-DVD
	Abby
	''[[Movie 43''	Unknown
''Texas Killing Fields''	Little Anne Sliger
	Isabelle
		Luli McMullen
	Carolyn Stoddard	Filming
Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
2007–2010	''My Friends Tigger & Pooh''	Darby	Voice
Guest appearances
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Episode
	rowspan="2"		The Watchers
Blood In, Blood Out
2005	''My Name Is Earl''	Candy Stoker	Broke Joy's Fancy Figurine
	''The Emperor's New School''	Furi (voice)	Kuzcogarten/Evil and Eviler
		The Miracle Song
	Come Play Wiz Me
		The Lions
The Italian Banker
The Chiavennasca
The Bridge
The Wedding
The Nutcracker
2008	The Star Witness
2011	''30 Rock''	Kaylie Hooper	TGS Hates Women
Music video
! Year	! Band	! Song	! Notes
2010	''The Soft Pack''	Answer To Yourself
2011	''Best Coast''	Our Deal	Directed by Drew Barrymore; also starring Tyler Posey, Donald Glover, Alia Shawkat, Miranda Cosgrove, and Shailene Woodley.

Awards and nominations

rowspan=2 Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role – Young Actress Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Actress Choice Movie: Female Breakout rowspan=10>2011 Best Newcomer

Award
rowspan=6>Young Artist Award	2006	Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Actress Age Ten or Younger ||	<		The Amityville Horror (2005 film)>The Amityville Horror''
rowspan=2>2007	<
Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Guest Starring Young Actress
rowspan=2>2008	|	<		''My Friends Tigger & Pooh''
Best Performance in a TV Series – Recurring Young Actress
rowspan=5>2010	|	<		''(500) Days of Summer''
Teen Choice Awards	|		rowspan=9
rowspan=3>Scream Awards	Best Fantasy Actress
Best Superhero	<
Best Breakthrough Performance – Female
Young Artist Award	|	Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actress	<
rowspan=3>MTV Movie Awards	MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance>Best Breakout Star
Biggest Badass Star	<
Best Fight (Shared with Mark Strong)
rowspan=2>Broadcast Film Critics Association Award	Critics' Choice Awards	Best Young Actress/Actor
<			rowspan=3
Saturn Award	Best Performance by a Younger Actor
rowspan=2>Young Artist Award	Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Ensemble Cast
		Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)>Diary of a Wimpy Kid''
Empire Awards	|		''Let Me In (film)

See also

References

External links

[[Category:1997 births Category:Actors from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:American child actors Category:American Christians Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:Living people Category:People from Atlanta, Georgia

da:Chloë Moretz de:Chloë Moretz et:Chloë Moretz es:Chloë Grace Moretz fa:کلویی مورتز fr:Chloë Moretz ko:클로이 모레츠 id:Chloë Moretz it:Chloë Moretz he:קלואי מורץ nl:Chloë Moretz ja:クロエ・グレース・モレッツ no:Chloë Moretz pl:Chloë Moretz pt:Chloë Moretz ru:Морец, Хлоя fi:Chloë Moretz sv:Chloë Moretz th:โคลอี มอเรตซ์ uk:Хлоя Морец zh:科洛·莫瑞兹

Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
birth name	Sacha Noam Baron Cohen
birth date	October 13, 1971
birth place	Hammersmith, London, England
height	6'3" (1.91 m)
nationality	British, Israeli
occupation	Stand-up comedian, actor, writer, voice artist, comedian
years active	1995–present
spouse
children	2 daughters }}

Sacha Noam Baron Cohen (born 13 October 1971) is an English stand-up comedian, actor, writer, voice artist, and comedian. He is most widely known for his portrayal of three unorthodox fictional characters: Ali G, Borat, and Brüno. In his routines, Baron Cohen's characters interact with unsuspecting people who do not realize they are being set up for comic situations and self-revealing ridicule.

Baron Cohen's work has been recognised with several Emmy nominations, an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay, a BAFTA award, and a Golden Globe for Best Actor for his work in the feature film ''Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan''. After the release of the movie ''Borat'', Baron Cohen stated that because the public had become too familiar with the characters, he would retire Borat and Ali G. Similarly, after the release of ''Brüno'', he has stated he would also retire the title character.

Early life

Family

Baron Cohen was born Sacha Noam Baron Cohen in Hammersmith, West London, England. His mother, Daniella (née Weiser), was born in Israel, while his father, Gerald, was originally from Pontypridd, Wales. Sacha is the second of three sons, with elder brother Erran and younger brother Amnon. His family is Jewish. His maternal grandmother, who lives in Haifa, Israel, trained as a ballet dancer in Germany. Erran is a composer and has worked on several of his films. Internationally renowned autism researcher Simon Baron-Cohen is his cousin.

Education

Baron Cohen first attended St Columba's College Prep School, St Albans, Hertfordshire, before moving on to attend Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, a private school in Elstree, Hertfordshire, near London. He went on to the University of Cambridge, entering Christ's College, Cambridge, where he read history under Niall Ferguson and wrote his dissertation on Jewish involvement in the American Civil Rights movement, with emphasis on the 1964 murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner in Mississippi.

At the Cambridge University Amateur Dramatic Club, Baron Cohen acted in plays such as ''Fiddler on the Roof'' (in which he played Tevye) and ''Cyrano de Bergerac''. While at Cambridge, he performed in Habonim Dror Jewish theatre performances.

Early roles

After leaving university, Baron Cohen worked for a time as a fashion model, appearing in many fashion magazines. By the early 1990s, he was hosting a weekly programme on Windsor cable television's local broadcasts with Carol Kirkwood, who later became a BBC weather forecaster. In 1995, Channel 4 was planning a replacement for its series ''The Word'', and disseminated an open call for new television presenters. Baron Cohen sent in a tape of himself in the character of Kristo, a fictional television reporter from Albania (who developed into the Kazakh Borat Sagdiyev), which caught the attention of a producer. Baron Cohen hosted Pump TV from 1995–1996. In 1996, he began presenting the youth chat programme F2F for Granada Talk TV. The late nineties saw Baron Cohen make his first feature film appearance in the British comedy ''The Jolly Boys' Last Stand'', then in 2000 Baron Cohen played the part of Super Greg for a series of TV advertisements for Lee Jeans which never aired, yet the website for Super Greg created an internet sensation. He also attended Ecole Philippe Gaulier, studying under Philippe Gaulier whom he credits with enabling him to find the play and pleasure to create characters such as Ali G and Borat.

Characters

Ali G

Baron Cohen appeared during 2-minute sketches as his fashion reporter Brüno on The Paramount Comedy Channel during 1998. He shot to fame when his comic character Ali G, an uneducated, boorish junglist, started appearing on the British television show ''The 11 O'Clock Show'' on Channel 4, which first went to air 8 September 1998.

''Da Ali G Show'' began in 2000, and won the BAFTA for Best Comedy in the following year. Also in 2000, Baron Cohen as Ali G appeared as the limousine driver in Madonna's 2000 video "Music", directed by Jonas Åkerlund, who was also responsible for directing the titles for ''Da Ali G Show''.

In 2002, Ali G was the central character in the feature film ''Ali G Indahouse'', in which he is elected to the British Parliament and foils a plot to bulldoze a community centre in his hometown, Staines. His television show was exported to the United States in 2003, with new episodes set there, for HBO.

Ali G's interviews with famous people (often politicians) gained notoriety partly because the subjects were not privy to the joke that Ali G, rather than being a real interviewer, was a comic character played by Baron Cohen. According to ''Rolling Stone'' magazine, Baron Cohen would always enter the interview area in character as Ali G, carrying equipment and appearing to be an insignificant crew member. He would arrive with a suited man, whom the interviewee naturally thought was the interviewer. Baron Cohen, as Ali G, would sit down to begin conducting the interview by asking the interviewee some preliminary questions. The interviewee, however, would remain under the impression that the smartly-dressed director would be conducting the interview until short notice prior to cameras rolling: this would grant an advantage of surprise, whereby the interviewee would be less likely to opt out of the Ali interview prior to its commencement.

The resulting willingness of Baron Cohen's targets to answer his frequently risqué questions often created surprising conversations. Interviewees have included:

astronaut Buzz Aldrin

politician and consumer advocate Ralph Nader

writer Gore Vidal

real estate mogul Donald Trump

former U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop

basketball players Dwyane Wade, Shaquille O'Neal, Steve Nash, Kobe Bryant, Richard Jefferson, Tim Duncan, Ben Wallace and Robert Horry

former US Secretary of State James Baker III

former US Attorney General Dick Thornburgh

businessman and billionaire Mohamed Al-Fayed

Professor Heinz Wolff

former US Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich

political commentator Pat Buchanan

Professor Noam Chomsky

footballer David Beckham and his wife, ex-Spice Girl Victoria Beckham, for the UK's Comic Relief

former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali (whom Baron Cohen, in his Ali G character, referred to as 'Boutros Boutros ''Boutros''-Ghali')

former Conservative Party MP Neil Hamilton

journalist Andy Rooney

Labour politician Tony Benn

DUP politician Sammy Wilson

Baron Cohen is a supporter of ''Comic Relief'' and as Ali G has hosted some interviews for the benefit of the charity.

Borat

''Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan'', a feature film with Borat at the centre, was screened at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival and released in the United Kingdom on 2 November 2006, in the United States on 3 November 2006 and Australia 23 November 2006. The film is about a journey across the United States in an ice cream truck, in which the main character is obsessed with the idea of marrying Pamela Anderson. The film is a mockumentary which includes interviews with various American citizens that poke fun at American culture, as well as sexism, racism, homophobia, anti-Semitism, jingoism and ''Baywatch''.

It debuted at the #1 spot in the US, taking in an estimated $26.4 million in just 837 theatres averaging $31,600 per theatre, the fourth highest per-theatre average of all time for movies opening wide (500 screens or more), behind ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest'' and ''Spider-Man''.

Baron Cohen won the 2007 Golden Globe in the "Best Actor – Musical or Comedy" category, his sixth such award. Although Borat was up for "Best Motion Picture — Musical or Comedy", the film lost to ''Dreamgirls''. On 23 January 2007, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He shared his nomination with the film's co-writers, Ant Hines, Peter Baynham, Sy Mordecai Finesto, Dan Mazer, and Todd Phillips.

Aside from the comic elements of his characters, Baron Cohen's performances are interpreted by some as reflecting uncomfortable truths about his audience. He juxtaposes his own Jewish lineage with the anti-Semitism of his character Borat.

In 2007, Baron Cohen published a travel guide as Borat, with dual titles: ''Borat: Touristic Guidings To Minor Nation of U.S. and A.'' and ''Borat: Touristic Guidings To Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan''.

On 21 December 2007, Baron Cohen announced he was retiring the character of Borat.

Brüno

Another alter ego Sacha Baron Cohen performed as is 'Brüno', a flamboyantly gay allegedly-19-year-old Austrian fashion show presenter, who often lures his subjects, unwittingly, into making provocative statements and engaging in embarrassing behaviour, as well as leading them to contradict themselves, often in the same interview. Brüno asks the subjects to answer 'yes or no' questions with either "Vassup" (whats up), or "Ich don't think so" (No), or sometimes "Ach, ja!" (Ah yes!) or "Nicht, nicht" ("Nicht" means "not" in German). In one segment on ''Da Ali G Show'' he encouraged his guest to answer questions with either "Keep them in the ghetto" or "Train to Auschwitz". Brüno's main comedic satire pertains to the vacuity and inanity of the fashion and clubbing world. In May 2009, at the MTV Movie Awards, Baron Cohen appeared as 'Brüno' wearing a white angel costume, a white jock strap, white go-go boots and white wings, and did an aerial stunt where he dropped from a height (using wires) onto Eminem, Baron Cohen landed on his lap and his rear in Eminem's face, prompting Eminem to exit the venue with fellow rappers of D12. Eminem later admitted to staging the stunt with Baron Cohen.

Film

After an intense bidding war that included such Hollywood powerhouses as DreamWorks, Sony, and 20th Century Fox; Universal Pictures paid a reported $42.5 million for the rights to the movie. A number of shill companies and Web sites were created in order to draw potential interviewees into interviews by creating an illusion of legitimacy. The film was released in July 2009.

Performer versus characters

Baron Cohen has often been confused with the identity of one of his characters. When he posed as Borat to host the MTV Europe Music Awards in Lisbon, the central Hungarian news wire agency MTI reported that the host was 'Borat Sagdiyev'. As most Hungarian newspapers and television networks take MTI as their official source, the misinterpretation of the character spread rapidly in Hungary, with some sources (such as TV2) emphasising that a Kazakh news reporter hosted the awards, while others (such as Index.hu) noticed and pointed out the error.

Controversies

Baron Cohen has encountered many controversies regarding some of his comic characters: In an interview with former British MP Neil Hamilton in 2000, Ali G offered Hamilton what was allegedly cannabis, which Hamilton accepted and smoked, creating some minor controversy in the British media.

At the 2006 MTV Movie Awards, Borat introduced Gnarls Barkley's performance of "Crazy", where he made a comment about Jessica Simpson, saying that he liked her mouth and that he could see it clearly through her denim pants. His appearance was cut from subsequent rebroadcasts.

Baron Cohen has had some trouble because of racist or prejudiced comments his characters have made (see ''Da Ali G Show''). HBO spokesman Quentin Schaffer has replied to criticism concerning Baron Cohen's characters: 'Through his alter-egos, he delivers an obvious satire that exposes people's ignorance and prejudice in much the same way ''All in the Family'' did years ago.' Regarding his portrayal as the anti-Semitic Borat, Baron Cohen says the segments are a "dramatic demonstration of how racism feeds on dumb conformity, as much as rabid bigotry", rather than a display of racism by Baron Cohen himself. "Borat essentially works as a tool. By himself being anti-Semitic, he lets people lower their guard and expose their own prejudice", Baron Cohen explains. Addressing the same topic in an NPR interview with Robert Siegel, Baron Cohen says "...and I think that's quite an interesting thing with Borat, which is people really let down their guard with him because they're in a room with somebody who seems to have these outrageous opinions. They sometimes feel much more relaxed about letting their own outrageous, politically incorrect, prejudiced opinions come out."

Baron Cohen, the grandson of a Holocaust survivor, says he also wishes in particular to expose the role of indifference in that genocide. "When I was in university, there was this major historian of the Third Reich, Ian Kershaw, who said, 'The path to Auschwitz was paved with indifference.' I know it's not very funny being a comedian talking about the Holocaust, but it's an interesting idea that not everyone in Germany had to be a raving anti-Semite. They just had to be apathetic." Regarding the enthusiastic response to his song, "Throw The Jew Down The Well", he says, "Did it reveal that they were anti-Semitic? Perhaps. But maybe it just revealed that they were indifferent to anti-Semitism."

Baron Cohen walked onto the runway during the Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada fashion show in Milan on 26 September 2008. In the character of his latest alter-ego Brüno, he was wearing a costume made out of velcro. He appeared on the stage with a blanket and items of clothing stuck to his velcro suit. Lights were turned off while security intervened and escorted him off the stage, and the fashion show resumed normally shortly thereafter. Baron Cohen and his team allegedly accessed the fashion show using fake IDs.

During an appearance on ''Late Show with David Letterman'', Baron Cohen stated he was restricted from answering David Letterman's question as to how he managed to get an interview with Pat Buchanan while in character as Ali G due to pending "legal reasons".

While introducing an award at the 2009 MTV Movie Awards, Baron Cohen was lowered upside-down from the rafters dressed as an angel right into rapper Eminem's lap after an apparently staged problem with his wire harness. Baron Cohen had only a jockstrap on underneath and fully exposed his buttocks in Eminem's face. Eminem swore repeatedly, demanding that his friends, members of D12, each of whom were sitting next to Eminem, remove Baron Cohen, then left the auditorium. Baron Cohen then announced the winner (Zac Efron) while still hanging from the wires above the stage. It was later revealed that Eminem and Baron Cohen had planned the gag together.

Pauly Shore claimed, in 2009, that Baron Cohen's film, ''Brüno'', was "stolen from Shore's 'mockumentary'", as the film ''Brüno'' had started production after the start of production for ''Adopted'' and also featured the main character adopting a child from a Third World nation.

Future projects

It has been confirmed that Baron Cohen will star as Freddie Mercury of the rock band Queen in an upcoming film about the period in the band's history from 1971 leading up to the Live Aid concert in 1985. It was Baron Cohen himself who contacted screenwriter Peter Morgan with the idea of portraying the flamboyant lead singer. ''TIME'' commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. Baron Cohen will appear in Martin Scorsese's upcoming adventure film ''Hugo''. Cohen's next film, ''The Dictator'', will be a loose adaptation of the novel ''Zabibah and the King'', written by Saddam Hussein. It will tell "the heroic story of a dictator who risked his life to ensure that democracy would never come to the country he so lovingly oppressed". Cohen will play the part of a Saddam Hussein type ruler who gets secretly replaced by a lookalike and then flees to New York. ''Borat'' and ''Bruno'' film director Larry Charles will direct the film.

Television, radio and magazine appearances

Baron Cohen guest-starred in the finale of the fifth season ''Curb Your Enthusiasm'', with Dustin Hoffman as a guide to Heaven. He also provided the voice of the ring-tailed lemur king, King Julien, in DreamWorks' family movie ''Madagascar'' (2005) as well as its 2008 sequel, and appeared as Will Ferrell's arch rival the French Formula One speed demon Jean Girard in the 2006 hit ''Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby''. He also appeared alongside Johnny Depp in the 2007 film ''Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street'' as Signor Adolfo Pirelli.

Baron Cohen tends to avoid doing interviews out of character. However, in 2004, he did the talk show circuit appearing as himself on ''Late Show with David Letterman'', ''The Opie and Anthony Show'', ''The Howard Stern Show'', and others in order to promote the upcoming season of his show on HBO. He was also interviewed on NPR's ''All Things Considered''. He also did an interview with ''Rolling Stone'', published in November 2006, that the magazine labelled as "his only interview as himself". He also appeared in an interview out of character with Terry Gross on NPR's ''Fresh Air'' on 4 January 2007.

Baron Cohen has twice presented the MTV Europe Music Awards, first as Ali G on 8 November 2001, in Frankfurt, Germany, and then as Borat on 3 November 2005 in Lisbon, Portugal. Baron Cohen appeared out of character to accept an award at the British Comedy Awards in December 2006. He said at the time that Borat could not make it to the awards as "he's guest of honour at the Holocaust denial conference in Tehran", referring to the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust.

''Borat'' director Larry Charles explains that Baron Cohen generally appears in character partly to "protect his weakness", by focusing public interest on his characters rather than himself. His other reason, ''Newsweek'' claims, is that Baron Cohen is fiercely private: "...according to the UK press, his publicists denied not only that he attended a party for the London premiere of ''Borat'', but also that a party even occurred."

It was reported online that Baron Cohen might play Freddie Mercury in a biographical film, but his publicist later declared that Baron Cohen would not do so. However, on 16 September 2010, representatives for Cohen confirmed that he would indeed be playing the role in an as-of-yet untitled biopic about Mercury.

Baron Cohen shot a spread with supermodel Alessandra Ambrosio for ''Marie Claire'' magazine to promote the film ''Brüno''.

''Sports Illustrated'''s 6 November 2006 issue contains a column called "Skater vs. Instigator", which illustrates various amusing "parallels" between Baron Cohen and figure skater Sasha Cohen, ranging from their mutually held personal significance of the number 4, to their mutual romantic interests in redheads.

Baron Cohen was featured on Australian talk show ''Rove'' as Brüno on 28 June 2009.

Baron Cohen was featured in the Time 100 list for 2007.

In 2010, Cohen guest-starred on ''The Simpsons'' in the episode "The Greatest Story Ever D'ohed" as Jakob, an angry Israeli tour guide.

Personal life

Marriage and family

Baron Cohen married Australian actress Isla Fisher on 15 March 2010. After three years of study, Fisher converted to Judaism in early 2007, saying "I will definitely have a Jewish wedding just to be with Sacha. I would do anything – move into any religion – to be united in marriage with him. We have a future together, and religion comes second to love as far as we are concerned." She has received the approval of Baron Cohen's observant Jewish parents. Baron Cohen and Fisher have two daughters: Olive, born on 19 October 2007 in Los Angeles, and Elula, born in the summer of 2010.

Legal issues

Two residents of Glod, the Romanian village in which the opening scenes of ''Borat'' were filmed, hired attorney Edward Fagan to sue the makers of ''Borat'' for $30 million. They alleged that the intent of the film was misrepresented to them, that the poorest members of their village were made to look like "savages", and that they were underpaid, particularly when their minute salaries were compared to the millions earned by the completed movie. During several segments, children were filmed with guns and other weapons and in another scene, an amputee who lost his arm was told to wear a rubber fist sex toy. The lawsuit was dismissed in New York hearing on the grounds that the allegations were too vague to stand up in court.

The government of Kazakhstan threatened Baron Cohen with legal action following the 2005 MTV Europe Music Awards ceremony in Lisbon, and the authority in charge of the country's country-code top-level domain name removed the website that he had created for his character Borat (previously: http://www.borat.kz) for alleged violation of the law—specifically, registering for the domain under a false name. ''The New York Times'', (among others), has reported that Baron Cohen, (in character as Borat), replied: "I'd like to state that I have no connection with Mr Cohen and fully support my government decision to sue this Jew". He was, however, defended by Dariga Nazarbayeva, a politician and the daughter of Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who stated, "We should not be afraid of humour and we shouldn't try to control everything, I think." The deputy foreign minister of Kazakhstan later invited Baron Cohen to visit the country, stating that he could learn that "women drive cars, wine is made of grapes, and Jews are free to go to synagogues". After the worldwide success of the ''Borat'' film, the Kazakh government, including the president, altered their stance on Baron Cohen's parody, tacitly recognising the invaluable press the controversy created for their country.

Baron Cohen encountered another problem around his Borat character. Two of the three University of South Carolina students who appear in ''Borat'' sued the filmmakers, alleging that they were duped into signing release forms while drunk, and that false promises were made that the footage was for a documentary that would never be screened in the US. On 11 December 2006, a Los Angeles judge denied the pair a restraining order to remove them from the film. The lawsuit was dismissed in February 2007.

On 22 May 2009, a charity worker at a seniors bingo game sued Baron Cohen, claiming an incident shot for ''Brüno'' at a charity bingo tournament left her disabled. However, the worker later retracted her statement, saying the "actor never struck her", but that he "beat her down emotionally to the point she's now confined to a wheelchair". The scene did not make the final cut for the film.

A lawsuit was filed on 30 April 2010 in the District of Columbia by Palestinian Christian Ayman Abu Aita of Beit Sahour, Bethlehem, West Bank, against Baron Cohen relating to his interview which was used in ''Brüno''. Aita alleges that he has been defamed by false accusations that he is a terrorist. Aita included David Letterman in the suit based on comments made during the 7 July 2009 appearance by Baron Cohen on the ''Late Show with David Letterman''. On 4 November 2010, the DC Case was dismissed with Aita given 120 days to file in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, or have the case permanently dismissed (see DC Case Docket Sheet).

Israel and Judaism

Baron Cohen first acted in theatrical productions featuring the Socialist-Zionist youth movement Habonim Dror.

He spent a year in Israel at Kibbutz Rosh HaNikra and Kibbutz Beit HaEmek as part of the Shnat Habonim Dror, as well as taking part in the programme Machon L'Madrichei Chutz La'Aretz for Jewish youth movement leaders.

According to Baron Cohen, "I wouldn't say that I am a religious Jew, but I'm still proud to be Jewish". However, he keeps kosher and attends synagogue about twice a year.

Baron Cohen frequently speaks in Hebrew while playing the anti-Semitic character Borat. He also sang the lyrics from an old kibbutz song (pretending that it was the Kazakh national anthem) in an episode of ''Da Ali G Show''. In one of the deleted scenes of his movie, after being asked by the host-pastor to lead the table in a pre-meal prayer service, Baron Cohen, in his character role of Borat, sings a lengthy hymn (not Hebrew) that has clear similarities to the Mussaf prayer service of the Jewish High Holidays. He actually repeatedly sings two Polish phrases (slightly mispronounced) "Excuse me ma'am do you speak English?" and "Could you speak slowly please?"

Awards and nominations

1999 – Won British Comedy Award, Best Male Comedy Newcomer for ''The 11 O'Clock Show'' (1998)

2000 – Nominated BAFTA TV Award, Best Entertainment Performance for ''The 11 O'Clock Show'' (1998)

2000 – Nominated National Television Awards, UK, Most Popular Comedy Performer for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2000)

2000 – Won TV Quick Award, TV Personality of the Year for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2000)

2001 – Won BAFTA TV Award, Best Comedy (Programme or Series) for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2000) (shared)

2001 – Won BAFTA TV Award, Best Comedy Performance for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2000)

2003 – Nominated Emmy Award, Outstanding Non-Fiction Program (Alternative) for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2003) (shared)

2003 – Nominated Emmy Award, Outstanding Writing for Non-Fiction Programming for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2003) (shared)

2004 – Nominated Golden Satellite Award, Best Performance by an Actor in a Series, Comedy or Musical for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2003)

2005 – Nominated Emmy Award, Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2003) (shared)

2005 – Nominated Emmy Award, Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program for ''Da Ali G Show'' (2003) (shared)

2006 – Won Ronnie Barker Award

2007 – Won MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss alongside Will Ferrell in ''Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby''

''Borat'' awards and nominations

2006 – Won: Los Angeles Films Critics Association Award for Best Actor.

2006 – Won: San Francisco Films Critics Circle Award for Best Actor.

2006 – Winner: Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor.

2006 – Won: Deutscher Comedypreis (German comedy award) for Best International Comedy.

2007 – Won: Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Comedy/Musical

2007 – Nominated: Golden Globe for Best Picture Comedy/Musical.

2007 – Nominated: London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actor of the Year.

2007 – Nominated: Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay (shared).

2007 – Nominated: Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay (shared).

2007 – Won: MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance and Nominated for Best Movie as well and Best Fight with Ken Davitian.

2007 – Won: The Evening Standard British Film Awards: Peter Sellers award for Best Comedy.

Filmography

Year	Film	Role	Notes
	''Jack and Jeremy's Police 4''	Execution victim	TV Special
''Pump TV''	TV Presenter, UK regional cable channel	TV Special
1996	''Punch''	Unnamed	Short Film
1998	''Live from the Lighthouse''	Ali G	TV Special
1998–1999	''The 11 O'Clock Show''	Ali G	TV SeriesAlso Writer
	''The Jolly Boys' Last Stand''	Vinnie
		TV Series: 6 EpisodesAlso Writer
2002	''Ali G Indahouse''	Ali G/Borat Sagdiyev	Also Executive Producer/Writer
2003	''Spyz''	James Bond (Ali G)	Short FilmAlso Executive Producer/Writer
2003–2004			TV Series: 12 EpisodesAlso Executive Producer/Writer
	''Curb Your Enthusiasm''	Larry's Guide #2	Season 5 Episode 10 "The End"
		Voice Only
	''Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby''	Jean Girard
''Night of Too Many Stars: An Overbooked Event forAutism Education''	Borat Sagdiyev	TV Special
''Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan''	Borat Sagdiyev	Also Producer/Writer
2007
2008	''Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa''		Voice Only
2009	''Brüno''		Also Producer/Writer
2010	''The Simpsons''	Jakob	Season 21 Episode 16 "The Greatest Story Ever D'ohed"Voice Only
2011		The Station Inspector	Post-Production
2012			FilmingAlso Producer/Writer
2012		Freddie Mercury	Pre-Production
2012	''Madagascar 3''		Voice OnlyIn Production

References

External links

in 2007  – biography and credits

Sacha Baron Cohen audio interview with NPR's Robert Siegel

''And Now for the World According to Borat and Sacha Baron Cohen'', ''Authors Den'', 24 March 2007

''Sacha Baron Cohen: Killing off Borat'', article at ''The Daily Telegraph'', 21 December 2007

Category:1971 births Category:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:English comedians Category:English film actors Category:English film producers Category:English Jews Category:English people of Welsh descent Category:English screenwriters Category:English television writers Category:English television producers Category:English voice actors Category:Jewish actors Category:Jewish comedians Category:Living people Category:Old Columbans (St Albans) Category:Old Haberdashers Category:People from Hammersmith Category:Pranksters

als:Sacha Baron Cohen ar:ساشا بارون كوهين bs:Sacha Baron Cohen ca:Sacha Baron Cohen cs:Sacha Baron Cohen cy:Sacha Baron Cohen da:Sacha Baron Cohen de:Sacha Baron Cohen et:Sacha Baron Cohen es:Sacha Baron Cohen eo:Sacha Baron Cohen eu:Sacha Baron Cohen fa:ساشا بارون کوهن fr:Sacha Baron Cohen gl:Sacha Baron Cohen hr:Sacha Baron Cohen id:Sacha Baron Cohen it:Sacha Baron Cohen he:סשה ברון כהן jv:Sacha Baron Cohen lv:Saša Barons Koens mk:Саша Барон Коен nl:Sacha Baron Cohen ja:サシャ・バロン・コーエン no:Sacha Baron Cohen pl:Sacha Baron Cohen pt:Sacha Baron Cohen ru:Барон Коэн, Саша sq:Sacha Baron Cohen simple:Sacha Baron Cohen sk:Sacha Baron Cohen sr:Саша Барон Коен fi:Sacha Baron Cohen sv:Sacha Baron Cohen th:ซาชา บารอน โคเฮน tr:Sacha Baron Cohen uk:Саша Барон Коен yi:סאשא בארון כהן zh:沙查·巴隆·科恩

Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
name	Jude Law
birth name	David Jude Heyworth Law
birth date	December 29, 1972
birth place	Lewisham, London, UK
occupation	Actor, producer, director
years active	1987–present
spouse	Sadie Frost (1997–2003; 3 children) }}

David Jude Heyworth Law (born 29 December 1972), known professionally as Jude Law, is an English actor, film producer and director.

He began acting with the National Youth Music Theatre in 1987, and had his first television role in 1989. After starring in films directed by Andrew Niccol, Clint Eastwood and David Cronenberg, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1999 for his performance in Anthony Minghella's ''The Talented Mr. Ripley''. In 2000 he won a Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award for his work in the film. In 2003, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in another Minghella film, ''Cold Mountain''.

In 2006, he was one of the top ten most bankable movie stars in Hollywood. In 2007, he received an Honorary César and he was named a Chevalier of the ''Ordre des Arts et des Lettres'' by the French government. He was a member of the main competition jury at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.

Early life

Law was born in Lewisham, South London, the second child of comprehensive school teachers Margaret Anne (née Heyworth) and Peter Robert Law; his father later became, according to Law, "the youngest headmaster in London". He has a sister, Natasha. Law was named after a "bit of both" the book ''Jude the Obscure'' and the song ''Hey Jude''. He grew up in Blackheath, an area in the Borough of Lewisham, and was educated at John Ball Primary School in Blackheath and Kidbrooke School, before attending the Alleyn's School.

Career

1980s–1990s

In 1987, Law began acting with National Youth Music Theatre. He played various roles in the Edinburgh Fringe-awarded play ''The Ragged Child''. One of his first major stage roles was Foxtrot Darling in Philip Ridley's ''The Fastest Clock In The Universe''. Law went on to appear as Michael in the West End production of Jean Cocteau's tragicomedy ''Les Parents terribles'', directed by Sean Mathias. For this play, he was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Newcomer, and he received the Ian Charleson Award for Outstanding Newcomer.

Following a title change to ''Indiscretions'', the play was reworked and transferred to Broadway in 1995, where Law acted opposite Kathleen Turner, Roger Rees, and Cynthia Nixon. This role earned him a Tony Award nomination and the Theatre World Award. In 1989, Law got his first television role, in a movie based on the Beatrix Potter children's book, ''The Tailor of Gloucester''. After minor roles in British television, including a two-year stint in the Granada TV soap opera ''Families'' and the leading role in the BFI /Channel 4 short ''The Crane'', Law had his breakthrough with the British crime drama ''Shopping'', which also featured his future wife, Sadie Frost.

In 1997, he became more widely known with his role in the Oscar Wilde bio-pic ''Wilde''. Law won the "Most Promising Newcomer" award from the Evening Standard British Film Awards for his role as Lord Alfred "Bosie" Douglas, the glamorous lover of Stephen Fry's Oscar Wilde. In Andrew Niccol's science fiction film ''Gattaca'', Law played the role of a disabled former swimming star living in a eugenics-obsessed dystopia. In Clint Eastwood's ''Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil'', he played the role of the ill-fated hustler murdered by an art dealer, played by Kevin Spacey.

For ''The Talented Mr. Ripley'' in 1999, he learned to play saxophone and earned a MTV Movie Award nomination with Matt Damon and Fiorello for performing the song "''Tu vuò fà l'americano''" by Renato Carosone and Nicola Salerno.

2000s

In 2001, Law starred as Russian sniper Vasily Zaytsev in the film ''Enemy At The Gates'', and learned ballet dancing for the film ''A.I. Artificial Intelligence'' (2001). In 2002, he played a mob hitman in Sam Mendes's 1930s period drama ''Road to Perdition''. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in ''The Talented Mr. Ripley'' in 1999, and then again for the Academy Award for Best Actor for ''Cold Mountain'' in 2003. Both films were directed by Anthony Minghella. Law, an admirer of Laurence Olivier, used the actor's image in the 2004 film ''Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow''. Using computer graphics, footage of the young Olivier was merged into the film, playing Dr. Totenkopf, a mysterious scientific genius and supervillain. Also in 2004, he portrayed the title character in ''Alfie'', the remake of Bill Naughton's 1966 film, playing the role originated by Michael Caine. Law was one of the Top Ten 2006 A-list of the most bankable movie stars in Hollywood, following the criteria of James Ulmer in the Ulmer Scale. On 1 March 2007, he was honoured with the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres conferred by the French government, in recognition of his contribution to World Cinema Arts. He was named a ''Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres''.

He took on another of Caine's earlier roles in the 2007 film ''Sleuth'', adapted by Nobel Laureate in Literature Harold Pinter, while Caine played the role originated by Sir Laurence Olivier.

Law is one of three actors who took over the role of actor Heath Ledger in Terry Gilliam's film ''The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus''. Along with Law, actors Johnny Depp and Colin Farrell portray "three separate dimensions in the film." He appeared opposite Forest Whitaker in the dark science fiction comedy ''Repo Men'' and as Dr. Watson in Guy Ritchie's adaption of ''Sherlock Holmes'', alongside Robert Downey, Jr. and Rachel McAdams, as well as the 2011 sequel, ''Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows''. Law starred as a celebrity supermodel in the film ''Rage'', and blogger and "prophet" Alan Krumwiede in the 2011 medical thriller ''Contagion''.

''Hamlet''

In May 2009, Law returned to the London stage to portray the title role in Shakespeare's ''Hamlet'' at the Donmar Warehouse West End season at Wyndham's Theatre. The BBC reported "a fine and solid performance" but included other reviews of Law's interpretation that were mixed. There was a further run of the production at Elsinore Castle in Denmark from 25–30 August 2009. In September 2009 the production transferred to the Broadhurst Theatre in New York. Again, the critics failed to agree on the merit of Law's interpretation: London's ''Daily Mail'' found only positive reviews, but ''The Washington Post'' felt that the much-anticipated performance was "highly disappointing". Nonetheless, he was nominated for the 2010 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play. In January 2010 at the Critics' Circle Theatre Awards ceremony he was presented with the John and Wendy Trewin Award for Best Shakespearean Performance for his 2009 Hamlet.

Other projects

Advertising

Law is the face of the male perfume of Dior, ''Dior Homme Sport''. Since 2005, he has represented Dunhill as an "apparel ambassador" in Asia. In 2008, he became the international face of Dunhill and appears in the worldwide advertising campaigns.

In 2002, he directed a Respect for Animals anti-fur cinema commercial. The commercial, titled "Fur and Against", used music composed by Gary Kemp, and included appearances by Law, Chrissie Hynde, Moby, George Michael, Danny Goffey, Rhys Ifans, Sadie Frost, Helena Christensen, Sir Paul McCartney, Mel C, and Stella McCartney.

''Realtime Movie''

In early 2007 Law shot the Jason Martin-directed short film "Realtime Movie Trailer" at Borough Market, South London. Instead of promoting a film, this "trailer", which appeared among regular trailers in selected cinemas across London starting 19 November 2007, advertised a live event, Realtime Movie, by Polish artist Paweł Althamer. Hundreds turned up for this–unfilmed–re-enactment in real time of the sequence of events shown in "Realtime Movie Trailer" by the same actors, including Althamer as a Polish laborer, held at Borough Market on 30 November 2007. The performance was commissioned by Tate Modern as part of its "The World as a Stage" exhibition which explored the boundaries between arts and reality.

Charity activities

In 2004, Law launched a campaign to raise £2.5 million towards the Young Vic Theatre's £12.5 million redevelopment project. He is currently Chair of the Young Vic committee and has said that he is proud to help make the Young Vic "a nurturing bed" for young directors. In 2006, he joined Robbie Williams in the "Soccer Aid" celebrity football match to benefit UNICEF.

In 2006, he starred in an anthology of Samuel Beckett readings and performances directed by director Anthony Minghella. With the Beckett Gala Evening at the Reading Town Hall, more than £22,000 was donated for the Macmillan Cancer Support. Also in 2006, Frost and Law directed a Shakespeare play in a South African orphanage. He travelled to Durban with Frost and their children in order to help children who have lost their parents to AIDS. In July 2007, as patron of the charity, he helped kick off the month-long tour of the AIDS-themed musical ''Thula Sizwe'' by The Young Zulu Warriors. Also in 2007, he encouraged the Friends of the Earth/The Big Ask campaign, asking British Government to take action against climate change.

Law does charity work for organizations such as Make Poverty History, the Rhys Daniels Trust, and the WAVE Trauma Centre. He supports the Make-A-Wish Foundation and the Pride of Britain Awards.

He is the chair of the Music For Tomorrow Foundation to help rebuild Katrina-devastated New Orleans.

Jude Law is an ambassador of HRH The Prince of Wales' Children and the Arts Foundation. He supports Breast Cancer Care, and in December 2008 he supported the Willow Foundation with a small canvas for their campaign Stars on Canvas. In April 2009 he supported the charity Education Africa with the gift of a mask he had painted and signed himself. The campaign was launched on eBay by Education Africa.

Stars including Dame Judi Dench and Jude Law have helped save St Stephen's Church in Hampstead. The celebrities supported the campaign, which raised £4.5 million to refurbish the Victorian church in north London. The building reopened in March 2009 as an arts and community centre.

Peace activities

In July 2007, Jude Law and Jeremy Gilley were in Afghanistan over a period of 10 days to document peace commitments and activities there for an upcoming film and for marking the UN International Day of Peace. Accompanied by UNICEF Representative Catherine Mbengue, they travelled and filmed in dangerous areas of eastern Afghanistan with a film crew, interviewing children, government ministers, community leaders and UN officials. They also filmed at schools and visited various UNICEF-supported programmes inside and outside the capital Kabul. The efforts of Peace One Day are coordinated in celebration of the annual International Day of Peace, on 21 September. The film, named ''The Day After Peace'', premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. On 21 September 2008, the film was shown at a gala screening at the Royal Albert Hall.

On 30 August 2008, Law and Gilley returned to Afghanistan to help keep a momentum around Peace Day. They met President Hamid Karzai, top NATO and UN officials, and members of the aid community. They also screened the new documentary about the efforts in support of peace. The documentary features activities that took place throughout Afghanistan in 2007. It also highlights support from UNICEF and the WHO for the peaceful immunization of 1.4 million children against polio in insecure areas.

Belarus

In 2011 Law joined street protests against Alexander Lukashenko and Lukashenko's brutal crackdown on the Belarusian democracy movement.

Personal life

Law's parents live in Vaudelnay, France, where they run their own drama school and theatre. His sister Natasha is an illustrator and artist, living in London.

Law met actress Sadie Frost while working on the film ''Shopping''. They married on 2 September 1997 and divorced on 29 October 2003. He has a stepson, Finlay Munro (born 20 September 1990), and three biological children with Frost: son Rafferty (born 6 October 1996), daughter Iris (born 25 October 2000), and son Rudy (born 10 September 2002).

While making the film ''Alfie'' in late 2003, Law and co-star Sienna Miller began a relationship, becoming engaged on Christmas Day 2004. Miller and Law separated in November 2006.

On 29 July 2009, it was announced that Law would become a father for the fourth time following a brief relationship with American model Samantha Burke in 2008. Burke gave birth to a daughter, Sophia, on 22 September 2009 in New York.

In December 2009, it was reported that Law and Miller had rekindled their relationship after starring in separate shows on Broadway in late 2009. They spent Christmas 2009 in Barbados, along with three of Law's children. They announced they had split again in February 2011.

Filmography

+ Film and television
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1989	''''	Sam, Mayor's Stableboy	TV movie
1990		Nathan Thompson	TV series
1991		Joe Barnes
1992	''''	Young Man	Short film
1993	''''	Bruno	TV series
1994		Billy
1996	''I Love You, I Love You Not''	Ethan
1997		Stormtrooper
1997		Lord Alfred Douglas
1997	''Gattaca''	Jerome Eugene Morrow
1997		Billy Carl Hanson
1998	''Music From Another Room''	Danny
1998		Jude
1998	''''	Steven Grlscz	aka ''Immortality''
1999	''eXistenZ''	Ted Pikul
1999	''Presence of Mind''	Secretary
1999	''''	Dickie Greenleaf	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting RoleBlockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actor – SuspenseSanta Fe Film Festival Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Empire Award — Best British ActorNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion PictureNominated—London Critics Circle Film Award — British Supporting Actor of the YearNominated—MTV Movie Award — Best Musical PerformanceNominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Teen Choice Award — Film Choice Breakout PerformanceNominated—Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
1999	''Tube Tales''	(director)	"A Bird in the Hand"
2000	''Love, Honour and Obey''	Jude
2000	''Happy M'Gee''	Tony M'Gee
2001	''Enemy at the Gates''	Vasily Zaytsev
2001	''A.I. Artificial Intelligence''	Gigolo Joe	Nominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion PictureNominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated—Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor
2002	''Road to Perdition''	Harlen Maguire	Nominated—Empire Awards
2003		W. P. Inman	Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleNominated—[[Empire Awards">Empire Award for Best British ActorNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture DramaNominated—IFTA Award – People's Choice Award for Best International ActorNominated—London Film Critics Circle Awards for Best British ActorNominated—MTV Movie Award — Best Trans-Atlantic Breakthrough PerformerNominated—Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
2004	''I ♥ Huckabees''	Brad Stand
2004	''Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow''	Sky Captain / Joseph Sullivan	Also producerNominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss shared with Gwyneth PaltrowNominated—Visual Effects Society Awards 2004 – Outstanding Performance by an Actor or Actress in a Visual Effects Film
2004		Alfie
2004		Dan	National Board of Review Award for Best CastNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast
2004	''''	Errol Flynn	Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2004	''Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events''	Lemony Snicket	Voice
2006		Jack Burden
2006		Will Francis
2006	''''	Graham	Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss shared with Cameron DiazNominated—NRJ Ciné Award for Best Kiss shared with Cameron Diaz
2007	''My Blueberry Nights''	Jeremy
2007		Milo Tindle	Also producer
2009		Minx
2009	''''	Tony (2nd transformation)
2009			Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor
2010	''Repo Men''	Remy
2011		Alan Krumwiede
2011		Hugo's Father
2011	''Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows
2012		TBA	Post-production
2012	''Anna Karenina''	Alexei Karenin	Post-production
2012	''Rise of the Guardians''	Pitch (Boogeyman)	Post-production

Soundtrack

"Ah, Leave Me Not to Pine", (''The Pirates of Penzance''), performed in ''Wilde'', (1997)

"Tu Vuo' Fa L'Americano", performed in ''The Talented Mr. Ripley'', with Matt Damon, Fiorello and The Guy Barker International Quintet, (1999)

"Avenues and Alleyways", the 1973 Tony Christie song, performed with other crew members in ''Love, Honour and Obey'', (2000)

"Rock On", the David Essex song, performed in ''Love, Honour and Obey'', (2000)

"Opening song", performed in NBC's ''Saturday Night Live'', with Rachel Dratch, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Maya Rudolph and Ashlee Simpson, (2004)

Theatre

+ Theatre
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Director	! Playwright	! Venue
1987	''Bodywork''	Adrenalin		Richard Stilgoe	NYMT/The Northcott Theatre, Exeter/(The Exeter Festival), The Edinburgh Fringe Festival.
1988–1989	''The Little Rats''				NYMT/The George Square Theatre/The Edinburgh International Festival, The National Theatre Thesalonika, The Opera House Piraeus, Sadler's Wells Theatre, The Northcott Theatre, Exeter.
1988	''The Ragged Child''	various roles		Jeremy James Taylor, Frank Whately
1989	''Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat''	Joseph		Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice	National Youth Music Theatre
1989–1990	''Captain Stirrick''	Ned Stirrick	Eileen Chivers	Jeremy James Taylor, David Scott	[[National Youth Music Theatre
1989–1990	''[[The Caucasian Chalk Circle''			Bertolt Brecht	National Youth Music Theatre
1992	''The Fastest Clock In The Universe''	Foxtrot Darling	Jo Bonney	[[Philip Ridley	Hampstead Theatre
1992		Freddie		George Bernard Shaw	Toured Italy
1993	''The Snow Orchid''	Blaise		Joe Pintauro	Gate Theatre
1993	''Live Like Pigs''	Col	Kate Mitchell	John Arden	Royal Court Theatre
1993	''Death of a Salesman''	Happy	Matthew Warchus	Arthur Miller	West Yorkshire Playhouse
1994	''Les Parents terribles''	Michael	Sean Mathias	Jean Cocteau	Royal National Theatre (Lyttelton)
1995		Michael	Sean Mathias	Jean Cocteau	Ethel Barrymore Theatre, Broadway
1995		Ion	Nicholas Wright	Euripides	Barbican Arts Centre (The Pit)/Royal Shakespeare Company
1999	'''Tis Pity She's a Whore''	Giovanni	David Lan
2001–2002	''The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus''	Doctor Faustus	David Lan	Christopher Marlowe
2006			Anthony Minghella	Samuel Beckett
2009	''Hamlet''		Michael Grandage	William Shakespeare	Donmar Warehouse at Wyndham's Theatre
2011	''[[Anna Christie''	Mat Burke	Rob Ashford	Eugene O'Neill	Donmar Warehouse

Theatre awards and nominations

Laurence Olivier Award 1994 Nominated Laurence Olivier Award as Best Newcomer in a Play for: ''Les Parents terribles'' (1994) 2010 Nominated Laurence Olivier Award as Best Leading Actor in a Play for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

Ian Charleson Award 1994 Won Ian Charleson Award for Outstanding Newcomer for: ''Les Parents terribles'' (1994)

Tony Award 1995 Nominated Tony Award as Best Featured Actor in a Play for: ''Indiscretions'' (1995) 2010 Nominated Tony Award as Best Leading Actor in a Play for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

Theatre World Award 1995 Won Theatre World Award for: ''Indiscretions'' (1995)

Critics' Circle Theatre Award 2010 Won The John and Wendy Trewin Award for Best Shakespearean Performance for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

South Bank Show Award 2010 Won South Bank Show Award as Best Leading Actor for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

Whatsonstage.com Award 2010 Won Whatsonstage.com Award as Best Leading Actor for: ''Hamlet'' (2010) 2012 Nominated Whatsonstage.com Award as Best Leading Actor for: ''Anna Christie'' (2011)

Falstaff Award 2010 Won Falstaff Award as Best Leading Actor for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

Outer Critics Circle Award 2010 Nominated Outer Critics Circle Award as Best Leading Actor for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

Drama League Award 2010 Nominated Drama League Award for Best Performance for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

Drama Desk Award 2010 Nominated Drama Desk Award for Best Performance for: ''Hamlet'' (2010)

Personal awards and nominations

MTV Movie Award 2003 Nominated MTV Movie Award as Best Trans-Atlantic Breakthrough Performer

ShoWest Award 2004 Won ShoWest Award as Male Star of the Year

People's Choice Award 2005 Nominated People's Choice Award as Favorite Leading Man

César Awards 2007 Won César Awards as Honorary César

Karlovy Vary International Film Festival 2010 Won President’s Prize

References

External links

Filmography Jude Law at the ''British Film Institute'' (BFI). Accessed 25 May 2008.

Category:1972 births Category:Actors from London Category:Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:British film actors Category:British film directors Category:British film producers Category:British stage actors Category:British television actors Category:British voice actors Category:César Award winners Category:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Category:English film actors Category:English film directors Category:English film producers Category:English stage actors Category:English television actors Category:English voice actors Category:Living people Category:People educated at Alleyn's School Category:People from Lewisham

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Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
name	Howard Shore
background	non_performing_personnel
birth name	Howard Leslie Shore
born	October 18, 1946Toronto, Ontario, Canada
occupation	composer, orchestrator, conductor, music producer
genre	Classical, Orchestra, Film Score
years active	1978–present
website	howardshore.com }}

Howard Leslie Shore (born October 18, 1946) is a Canadian composer, notable for his film scores. He has composed the scores for over 80 films, most notably the scores for ''The Lord of the Rings'' film trilogy, for which he won three Academy Awards. He is also a consistent collaborator with director David Cronenberg, having scored all but one of his films since 1979. Shore has also worked with Martin Scorsese, Jonathan Demme, David Fincher and many other filmmakers.

He has also composed a few concert works including one opera, ''The Fly'', based on the plot (though not his score) of Cronenberg's 1986 film premiered at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris on 2 July 2008., a short piece Fanfare for the Wanamaker Organ and the Philadelphia Orchestra, and a short overture for the Swiss 21st Century Symphony Orchestra.

Shore is a three-time winner of the Academy Award, and has also won two Golden Globe Awards and four Grammy Awards. He is the uncle of film composer Ryan Shore.

Early life and career

Shore was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the son of Bernice (née Ash) and Mac Shore. He studied music at Berklee College of Music in Boston after graduating from Forest Hill Collegiate Institute. From 1969 to 1972, he performed with the group Lighthouse. In 1970 he was the music director of Lorne Michaels and Hart Pomerantz's short-lived TV program ''The Hart & Lorne Terrific Hour''. Shore wrote the music for Canadian magician Doug Henning's magical/musical ''Spellbound'' in 1974, and he was the musical director for Lorne Michaels' hugely influential late-night NBC comedy show ''Saturday Night Live'' from 1975 to 1980, appearing in many musical sketches, including Howard Shore and His All-Nurse Band, and dressed as a beekeeper for a John Belushi/Dan Aykroyd performance of the Slim Harpo classic ''I'm a King Bee''. Shore also suggested the name for The Blues Brothers to Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi.

Film scoring

1979–2000

Shore's first film score was to David Cronenberg's first major film ''The Brood'' (1979). He would go on to score all of Cronenberg's subsequent films, with the exception of The Dead Zone (1983), which was scored by Michael Kamen. The first film he scored that was not directed by Cronenberg was Martin Scorsese's ''After Hours''.

Following ''After Hours'', he scored ''The Fly'' (1986), again directed by Cronenberg. Two years later, he composed the score to ''Big'' (1988), directed by Penny Marshall and starring Tom Hanks. He then scored two more of David Cronenberg's films: ''Dead Ringers'' (1988) and ''Naked Lunch'' (1991).

During 1991, Shore composed the score for the highly acclaimed film ''The Silence of the Lambs'', starring Jodie Foster and Anthony Hopkins, and directed by Jonathan Demme. He received his first BAFTA nomination for the score. The film became the third (and most recent) to win the five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actor, and Best Actress). Shore is the only living composer to have scored a "Top Five" Oscar winning film.

During 1993, he composed the scores for ''M. Butterfly'' (another collaboration with Cronenberg), ''Philadelphia'' (his second collaboration with Jonathan Demme), and ''Mrs. Doubtfire'', directed by Chris Columbus. The latter two films were highly successful; ''Philadelphia'' winning Tom Hanks his first Oscar.

Shore scored another three films in 1994: ''The Client'', ''Ed Wood'', and ''Nobody's Fool''. ''Ed Wood'' is notable for being one of the two films directed by Tim Burton that did not feature a score by Danny Elfman.

Shore continued to score numerous films from 1995–2001, including two David Fincher films, ''Seven'' (1995) and ''The Game'' (1997); also, he collaborated on two films with Cronenberg along with Tom Hanks' directorial debut, ''That Thing You Do!''.

2001–2005

Shore's major success came in 2001 with his score to ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'', the first film in the highly acclaimed ''The Lord of the Rings trilogy''. The news that Shore would score the trilogy surprised some, since he was primarily associated with dark, ominous films and had never scored an epic of this scale. However, the score was hugely successful and won Shore his first Oscar, as well as a Grammy Award, and nominations for a Golden Globe and a BAFTA.

The following year, Shore composed the scores to ''Panic Room'', ''Gangs of New York'' (replacing Elmer Bernstein), and ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'', the second film in the trilogy. The latter two films were both nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, although neither won. Shore's score for ''The Two Towers'' was deemed ineligible for submission to the Academy, due to a new rule that disallowed the submission of scores which contained themes from previous work. This rule proved very unpopular, due to the fact that had it been present in earlier years, it would have invalidated various other sequel scores (such as ''Star Wars'' and ''Indiana Jones'') from being nominated. As a result the Academy dispensed with this rule for future years. Shore did, however, receive a BAFTA nomination for ''Gangs of New York''.

In 2003 he composed the score for the final film in ''The Lord of the Rings trilogy'', ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King''. The film was the most successful film in the trilogy and the most successful of the year. Shore won his second Oscar for Best Original Score, as well as a third for Best Original Song for "Into the West", which he shared with Fran Walsh and Annie Lennox. The film was nominated for, and won a total of eleven Academy Awards, a record for the number of Oscars won by a single film, and a record that only two other films—Titanic (1997) and Ben-Hur (1959)—have matched. Shore also won his first Golden Globe, his third and fourth Grammy (the fourth for Best Song), and was nominated for a third BAFTA. The scores of ''The Lord of the Rings'' became one of the most successful film scores ever written, and the biggest success in Shore's career.

In 2004, Shore again collaborated with Martin Scorsese, scoring his epic film ''The Aviator''. He won a second Golden Globe for the score, becoming the first, and to date, the only, composer to have won consecutive Golden Globes in the Original Score category. He also received his sixth Grammy nominations, and his fifth BAFTA nomination.

He collaborated again with David Cronenberg in 2005 to score ''A History of Violence'', starring Viggo Mortensen. The film was a success and received two Oscar nominations. In 2006, he collaborated for the fourth time with Martin Scorsese, this time to score ''The Departed''. The film was highly successful and won four Oscars, including a long awaited win for Scorsese, and Best Picture.

Although Shore was originally commissioned to compose the soundtrack for ''King Kong'' (indeed, he had already recorded most of the music), he was later replaced by James Newton Howard due to "differing creative aspirations for the score" on his and the filmmakers' parts. This was a mutual agreement between himself and Peter Jackson. Despite this, Shore has a cameo near the end of ''King Kong'' as the conductor of the pit orchestra in the theater, performing portions of Max Steiner's score to the ''original 1933 version'' of the film.

2006–Present

In 2007, he composed the music for ''Soul of the Ultimate Nation'', an online multiplayer video game. The soundtrack is notable for being the first video game soundtrack to feature Lydia Kavina on the theremin. During 2007 he also composed the scores to ''The Last Mimzy'', and ''Eastern Promises'', the latter of which was another collaboration with David Cronenberg and earned Shore his fourth Golden Globe nomination. In 2008 he scored ''Doubt'', starring Meryl Streep and directed by John Patrick Shanley. The film was a success, earning five Oscar nominations.

In 2010, Shore composed the score to the ''third installment'' in the highly popular ''Twilight'' film series, following Carter Burwell and Alexandre Desplat, who scored the first and second films, respectively. He also replaced John Corigliano to score ''Edge of Darkness'', starring Mel Gibson.

Shore's next two projects are ''A Dangerous Method'', continuing his long-term collaboration with director David Cronenberg. He will also compose the score to Martin Scorsese's ''Hugo Cabret'', which will be his fifth collaboration with Scorsese. Both films are currently in post-production.

Shore's future projects include Robert Sigl's ''The Spider'' and Peter Jackson's ''The Hobbit'', which is currently in production. He is also set to compose the music to ''Sinatra'', and ''The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt'', both of which are being directed by Martin Scorsese and are due for release in 2011.

Conducting & performing

Since 2004, he has toured the world conducting local orchestras in the performance of his new symphonic arrangement of his highly acclaimed ''Lord of the Rings'' scores. The new work is entitled ''The Lord of the Rings: Symphony in Six Movements''. There are two movements for each of the movies, and an intermission between the second and third (or first and second, in some cases) movements. The concert presentation of the symphony also includes projected still images relating the music being performed to scenes from the films. Recently, however, Shore has been busy with other projects, leaving other conductors including Markus Huber, Alexander Mickelthwaite, and John Mauceri to lead the orchestras. April 24, 2008 marked the North American Live to Projection debut of ''Fellowship of the Ring'', with the score performed live by the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Ludwig Wicki. Wicki also conducted the Filene Center Orchestra at the Wolf Trap Farm Park in Vienna, Virginia on May 21 and 22, 2008 in the U.S. premiere of the Fellowship of the Ring Live to Projection. September 16, 2010 Shore conducted the RSO Vienna (Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra) which performed "In Dreams from The Fellowship of the Ring" at Hollywood in Vienna in Vienna, Austria.

Miscellany

Shore makes a cameo appearance on film in ''The Return of the King'' (extended edition) as a Guard of Rohan, during the drinking game at Edoras.

Shore was played by Neil Portnow in the 1989 film version of Bob Woodward's book ''Wired: The Short Life and Fast Times of John Belushi''.

Shore was commissioned by Macy's to write a Fanfare for the Store's 150th anniversary featuring the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Wanamaker Organ, the world's largest playing pipe organ. The work was debuted in the Grand Court of Macy's Philadelphia Store on September 27, 2008 in a concert that drew reviews from most of the major East Coast newspapers.

Included in the soundtrack to the film ''The Departed'', was a version of the song "Comfortably Numb", written in part by Roger Waters. Shore later collaborated with Waters on the song "Hello, I Love You" for the soundtrack of the film "The Last Mimzy".

With John Lurie, Shore wrote the theme song for ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien''. The theme was carried over to ''The Tonight Show'' when O'Brien succeeded Jay Leno as host.

Shore's work is notable for including the scores for two out of only three sequel films that won the Academy Award for Best Picture. The first was ''The Silence of the Lambs'' (sequel to the 1986 film ''Manhunter''), and the second, ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King''. The only other sequel film to achieve this is ''The Godfather Part II''. Shore narrates a one-hour CBC Radio documentary/soundscape on music in thriller/suspense film genres also including references to radio dramas and other media. The episode was called "Unsettling Scores" and premiered on the program called Inside the Music.

Awards

Shore has received three Academy Award nominations, winning all of them, two for Best Original Music Score, for ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (2001), and ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (2003). He also won the Oscar for Best Original Song for "Into the West" from ''Return of the King''.

Shore has also received four Golden Globe nominations, winning two consecutive awards for ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (2003) and ''The Aviator'' (2004), making him the only the second composer (after Alan Menken) to have received consecutive Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Score. He also won three consecutive Grammy Awards for Best Score for each of the Lord of the Rings films, and received a second award in 2003 for the song "Into the West" from "Return of the King" in the category of Best Song. He has also received five BAFTA nominations, but has not won.

On June 11, 2007, Shore was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Letters Degree from York University in Toronto for "his sweeping artistic vision".

Shore has also been honored with awards from The National Board of Review, Recording Academy Honors, The Broadcast Film Critics, Chicago Film Critics, Genie Award, World Soundtrack Award, New York's Gotham Award, and The Saturn Award for Science Fiction.

Shore is the first recipient of the Film & TV Music Award for Best Score for a Science Fiction Feature Film for ''The Last Mimzy''.

One September 16, 2010 he was awarded with the Max Steiner Film Music Achievement Award by the City of Vienna at the yearly film music gala concert Hollywood in Vienna.

Filmography

''The Brood'' (1979)

''Scanners'' (1981)

''Videodrome'' (1983)

''After Hours'' (1985)

''The Fly'' (1986)

''Big'' (1988)

''Dead Ringers'' (1988)

''Naked Lunch'' (1991)

''The Silence of the Lambs'' (1991)

''The Last of the Mohicans'' (1992)

''Mrs. Doubtfire'' (1993)

''Philadelphia'' (1993)

''M. Butterfly'' (1993)

''The Client'' (1994)

''Ed Wood'' (Grammy Nominee) (1994)

''Nobody's Fool'' (1994)

''Moonlight and Valentino'' (1995)

''Se7en'' (1995)

''Crash'' (1996)

''The Truth About Cats & Dogs'' (1996)

''That Thing You Do!'' (1996)

''Striptease'' (1996)

''The Game'' (1997)

''Cop Land'' (1997)

''eXistenZ'' (1999)

''Analyze This'' (1999)

''Dogma'' (1999)

''High Fidelity'' (2000)

''The Cell'' (2000)

''The Yards'' (2000)

''The Score'' (2001)

''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (Oscar Winner, Grammy Winner & Golden Globe Nominee) (2001)

''Gangs of New York'' (2002)

''Panic Room'' (2002)

''Spider'' (2002)

''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (Grammy Winner) (2002)

''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (2 Oscars Winner, 2 Golden Globes Winner & 2 Grammys Winner) (2003)

''The Aviator'' (Golden Globe Winner & Grammy Nominee) (2004)

''A History of Violence'' (2005)

''The Departed'' (Grammy Nominee) (2006)

''Soul of the Ultimate Nation'' (MMORPG) (2007)

''The Last Mimzy'' (2007)

''Eastern Promises'' (Golden Globe Nominee) (2007)

''Doubt'' (2008)

''The Betrayal'' (2008)

''The Twilight Saga: Eclipse'' (2010)

''Edge of Darkness'' (2010)

''A Dangerous Method'' (2011)

''Hugo Cabret'' (2011)

''The Spider'' (2011) ''Sinatra'' (2011) ''The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt'' (2011) ''The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey'' (2012)

''Cosmopolis'' (2012)

''The Hobbit: There And Back Again'' (2013)

See also

List of noted film producer and composer collaborations

References

External links

Howard Shore at Soundtrackguide.net

Howard Shore at The Danish Filmmusic Society (DFS)

Howard Shore Interview at Tracksounds

Category:1946 births Category:People from Toronto Category:Berklee College of Music alumni Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:Best Song Academy Award winning songwriters Category:Canadian film score composers Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Living people Category:Saturday Night Live Band members

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