Dongmyeong of Goguryeo
King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 BCE – 19 BCE, r. 37 BCE – 19 BCE) or Dongmyeongseongwang (Hangul: 동명성왕; hanja: 東明聖王), which literally means Holy King of the East, also known by his birth name Jumong (Hangul: 주몽; hanja: 朱蒙), was the founding monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the Samguk Sagi and the Samgungnyusa, he is recorded as Jumong with the surname Go. The Samguk Sagi states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (Hangul: 상해; hanja: 象解). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (Hangul: 추몽; hanja: 鄒蒙), Jungmo (Hangul: 중모; hanja: 中牟 or hanja: 仲牟 ), or Domo (Hangul: 도모; hanja: 都牟).
Birth
The founding myths of Goguryeo are related in ancient writings, including the Gwanggaeto Stele. The best-known version is found, with slight variations, in the Samguk Sagi, Samgungnyusa, and the "King Dongmyeong" chapter (Hangul: 동명왕편; hanja: 東明王篇) of the Dongguk Yisang Gukjip (Hangul: 동국이상국집; hanja: 東國李相國集).
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (Hangul: 고구려; hanja: 高句麗; RR: Goguryeo; MR: Koguryŏ, Korean pronunciation: [koɡuɾjʌ], 37 BCE–668 CE), or Goryeo (Hangul: 고려; hanja: 高麗; RR: Goryeo; MR: Koryŏ, Korean pronunciation: [koɾjʌ]), was one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of inner and outer Manchuria. Goguryeo was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan.
The Samguk Sagi, a 12th-century text from Goryeo, indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BCE by Jumong (hanja: 朱蒙 ), a prince from the Buyeo kingdom, who was enthroned as Dongmyeong of Goguryeo. There is archaeological and textual evidence from Chinese geographic monographs that suggests that Goguryeo may have been in existence since the second century BCEm around the fall of Gojoseon, an earlier kingdom which also occupied southern Manchuria and the northern Korean Peninsula.
