In New Zealand society, ''iwi'' (pronounced ) form the largest everyday social units in Māori culture. The word ''iwi'' means "people" or "folk"; in many contexts it may mean "tribe", "clan", or sometimes a confederation of tribes. Anthropological research indicates that most Māori in pre-European times gave their primary allegiance to relatively small groups such as ''hapū'' (clans) and ''whānau'' (extended families).
Many names of iwi begin with ''Ngāti'' or with ''Ngāi'' (from ''ngā āti'' and ''ngā ai'', both meaning roughly "the offspring of"). ''Ngāti'' has become a productive morpheme in New Zealand English to refer to groups of people: Ngāti Pākehā (Pākehā as a group), Ngāti Poneke (Māori who have migrated into the Wellington region), Ngati Ranana (Māori living in London), Ngāti Tūmatauenga, "Tribe of Tūmatauenga" (the god of war) — (the official Māori-language name of the New Zealand Army).
Each iwi has a generally recognised territory (''rohe''), but many of these overlap, sometimes completely. This has added a layer of complication to the long-running discussions and court cases about how to resolve historical Treaty-claims. The length of coastline emerged as one factor in the final (2004) legislation to allocate fishing-rights in settlement of claims relating to commercial fisheries.
... 81 percent of Māori now live in urban areas, at least one-third live outside their tribal influence, more than one-quarter do not know their iwi or for some reason do not choose to affiliate with it, at least 70 percent live outside the traditional tribal territory and these will have difficulties, which in many cases will be severe, in both relating to their tribal heritage and in accessing benefits from the settlement. It is also said that many Māori reject tribal affiliation because of a working class unemployed attitude, defiance and frustration. Related but less important factors, are that a hapu may belong to more than one iwi, a particular hapu may have belonged to different iwi at different times, the tension caused by the social and economic power moving from the iwi down rather than from the hapu up, and the fact that many iwi do not recognise spouses and adoptees who do not have kinship links.
In the 2006 census, 16 percent of the 643,977 people who claimed Māori ancestry did not know their ''iwi''. Another 11% did not state their ''iwi'', or only stated a general geographical region or merely gave a canoe-name. The proportion who "don’t know" dropped relative to the previous censuses, perhaps helped by measures such as the "Iwi Helpline".
Urban Māori, typically urban bred, may identify with European culture to a much larger degree than rural Māori, and often feel that a non-''iwi'' group may best represent their needs. It remains unclear how the traditional ''iwi'' groups will respond to this phenomenon. (Thus far, some appear dismissive of these notions.) Notably, one such urban group established itself in the belief that urban Māori do not get their fair share of "Treaty settlements" between the Māori people and the New Zealand government.
The iwi stations are, from North to South:
Iwi Category:Māori words and phrases Category:Māori society
ca:Iwi de:Iwi es:Iwi fr:Iwi it:Iwi mi:Iwi nn:Iwi pl:Iwi ru:ИвиThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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