A One Day International (ODI) is a form of limited overs cricket, in which a fixed number of overs, usually 50, but in the past 40, 45 or 60 overs, are played between two teams with international status. The Cricket World Cup is played in this format. One Day International matches are also called "Limited Overs Internationals (LOI)", because they are limited overs cricket matches between national sides, and if the weather interferes they are not always completed in one day. Important one-day matches, international and domestic, often have two days set aside, the second day being a "reserve" day to allow more chance of the game being completed if a result is not possible on the first day (for instance if play is prevented or interrupted by rain).

The international one-day game is a late twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. When the first three days of the third Test were washed out officials decided to abandon the match and, instead, play a one-off one day game consisting of 40 eight-ball overs per side. Australia won the game by 5 wickets.

In the late 1970s, Kerry Packer established the rival World Series Cricket (WSC) competition, and it introduced many of the features of One Day International cricket that are now commonplace, including coloured uniforms, matches played at night under floodlights with a white ball and dark sight screens, and, for television broadcasts, multiple camera angles, effects microphones to capture sounds from the players on the pitch, and on-screen graphics. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. It was credited with making cricket a more professional sport.

Rules

In the main the Laws of cricket apply. However, in ODIs, each team gets to bat only a fixed number of overs. In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60 overs per side but now it has been uniformly fixed at 50 overs.

Simply stated, the game works as follows:

An ODI is contested by 2 teams of 11 players each.

The Captain of the side winning the toss chooses to either bat or bowl (field) first.

The team batting first sets the target score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e., 10 of the 11 batting players are "out") or all of the first side's allotted overs are used up.

Each bowler is restricted to bowling a maximum of 10 overs (fewer in the case of rain-reduced matches and in any event generally no more than one fifth or 20% of the total overs per innings).

The team batting second tries to score more than the target score in order to win the match. Similarly, the side bowling second tries to bowl out the second team for less than the target score in order to win.

If the number of runs scored by both teams is equal when the second team loses all of its wickets or exhausts all its overs, then the game is declared a ''tie'' (regardless of the number of wickets lost by either team).

Where a number of overs are lost, for example, due to inclement weather conditions, then the number of overs may be reduced. Where the number of overs available for the team batting second is perforce different from the number of overs faced by the team that batted first, the result may be determined by the Duckworth-Lewis method.

The floodlights would be positioned in such a way that it would not interfere with fielding teams and captains would be allowed a cloth on field should the ball become moist.

Powerplay

The bowling team is subject to fielding restrictions stipulating that nine fielders, including two fielders in catching positions, must be inside the fielding circle for a set number of overs. Traditionally, the fielding restrictions applied for the first 15 overs of each innings.

In a 10 month trial period starting 30 July 2005, the ICC introduced the Powerplays rule as part of a series of new ODI regulations. Under the Powerplays rule, fielding restrictions apply for the first 10 overs, plus two blocks of five overs (called ''Powerplay Fives''). From October 2008 the batting side decides when one of the remaining two blocks occur, the fielding side decides when to begin the other Powerplay. In the first Powerplay, no more than two fielders can be positioned outside 30 yard circle (this is increased to three for the second and third Powerplay blocks). In the first 10 overs, it is also required that at least two fielders are in close catching positions.

The ICC have announced, as of 1 October 2007, with regard to Powerplays, that the captain of the fielding side may elect to position 3 fielders outside the 30 yard circle in one of the two 5-over Powerplays. The rule was first invoked in a match between Sri Lanka and England at Dambulla Stadium on 1 October 2007. Sri Lanka won the match by 119 runs. Currently both 2nd and 3rd powerplay will have 3 fielders outside 30 yard circle, and one powerplay is chosen by batting team.

Trial regulations

The trial regulations also introduced a substitution rule that allowed the introduction of a replacement player at any stage in the match. Teams nominated their replacement player, called a ''Supersub'', before the toss. The Supersub could bat, bowl, field or keep wicket; the replaced player took no further part in the game. Over the six months it was in operation, it became very clear that the Supersub was of far more benefit to the side that won the toss, unbalancing the game. Several international captains reached "gentleman's agreements" to discontinue this rule late in 2005. They continued to name supersubs, as required, but simply did not field them. On 15 February 2006, the ICC announced their intention to discontinue the Supersub rule on 21 March 2006.

Teams with ODI status

The International Cricket Council (ICC) determines which teams have ODI status (meaning that any match played between two such teams under standard one-day rules is classified as an ODI).

The ten Test-playing nations (which are also the ten full members of the ICC) have permanent ODI status. The nations are listed below with the date of each nation's ODI debut shown in brackets: # (13 July 1974) # (5 January 1971) # (5 January 1971) # (11 February 1973) # (5 September 1973) # (11 February 1973) # (7 June 1975) # (9 June 1983) # (31 March 1986) # (10 November 1991)

The ICC temporarily grants ODI status to other teams (known as Associate/Affiliate members); at present these are:

(from 18 February 1996, until the 2015 ICC World Cup Qualifier) (from 1 January 2006 until the 2015 ICC World Cup Qualifier) (from 1 January 2006 until the 2015 ICC World Cup Qualifier) (from 1 January 2006 until the 2015 ICC World Cup Qualifier) (from 1 January 2006 until the 2015 ICC World Cup Qualifier) (from 19 April 2009 until the 2013 ICC World Cup Qualifier)

Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and Scotland earned this status as a result of their performance at the 2005 ICC Trophy. The ICC followed this precedent in 2009 and used the results of the 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier (the new name of the ICC Trophy) to award ODI status for the following four years. During the tournament Afghanistan capped a remarkable year by finishing 5th and qualifying for ODI status.

At one point, the ICC occasionally granted associate members permanent ODI status without granting them full membership and Test status. This was originally introduced to allow the best associate members to gain regular experience in internationals before making the step up to full membership. First Bangladesh and then Kenya received this status. Bangladesh have since made the step up to Test status and full membership; but as a result of Kenya's poor performance the ICC have since decided to end their permanent ODI status.

In addition, the ICC reserves the right to grant special ODI status to all matches within certain high profile tournaments, with the result being that the following countries have also participated in full ODIs:

(from 7 June 1975 until 14 June 1975) (from 13 April 1994 until 17 April 1994; from 16 February 1996 until 1 March 1996; from 16 July 2004 until 17 July 2004 and from 24 June 2008 until 26 June 2008) (from 10 February 2003 until 3 March 2003) (from 16 July 2004 until 18 July 2004 and from 24 June 2008 until 25 June 2008) (from 10 September 2004 until 13 September 2004) (from 1 January 2006 until 8 April 2009)

In 2005 the ICC controversially gave ODI status, for the first time, to several matches involving teams composed of players from more than one country. These were the Asia XI vs ICC World XI game played in January 2005 as part of the World Cricket Tsunami Appeal in aid of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami relief effort and three commercially sponsored "Australia vs ICC World XI" ICC Super Series games which took place in Melbourne in October 2005. The latter matches were poorly attended, heavily one-sided and generated little interest in the cricketing world. It was an experiment which many feel should not be repeated and many cricket statisticians (e.g. Bill Frindall) agree that the matches should not be incorporated into the official ODI records.

Tournaments

Generally ODI series between 2 teams or tri-series are played. Most popular tournaments of ODI are:

Cricket World Cup

ICC Champions Trophy

One Day International records

Wasim Akram, a Pakistani bowler, took four hat-tricks in international cricket, two each in Tests matches and One Day Internationals. He is the only bowler in cricket to have achieved four hat-tricks. He was the third of only three bowlers to have taken two Test cricket hat-tricks, the others being Hugh Trumble and Jimmy Matthews. Akram was also the first of only four bowlers to have taken two One Day International cricket hat-tricks, the others being Pakistan offspin bowler, Saqlain Mushtaq and Sri Lankan fast bowlers Chaminda Vaas and Lasith Malinga. Akram's Test hat-tricks are significant, since they were taken in consecutive Test matches in the same series, a game played against Sri Lanka in the 1998-99 Asian Test Championship. Akram is also one of only two bowlers to have taken both a Test match and One Day International hat-trick, the other being Pakistan fast bowler, Mohammad Sami.

The record for the highest innings total in any List A limited overs match is 443 for nine by Sri Lanka against Netherlands in their One Day International 50-overs match at Amstelveen on July 4, 2006. The lowest team total is 35 all out by Zimbabwe against Sri Lanka in Harare, 2004.

The most runs scored by both sides in any List A limited overs match is 872: Australia, batting first, scored 434 for four in 50 overs, and yet were beaten by South Africa who scored 438 for nine with a ball to spare during their One Day International at Johannesburg in 2006.

The best bowling figures are 8-19 by Chaminda Vaas for Sri Lanka v Zimbabwe in Colombo, 2001-02 - he is the only player to take eight wickets in a One Day international. The best batting performance is an unbeaten knock of 200 runs by Sachin Tendulkar for India v South Africa in Gwalior on February 24, 2010. He became the first player and the only male player so far to score a double century in any One Day International.

Players who have played for more than one team

As there are residency and/or nationality requirements that need to be met to represent a team at international level, usually a player will only represent one team in ODIs in his career. Several have, however, played for more than one team. These include:

Kepler Wessels (Australia and South Africa) Tests and One Day Internationals

Clayton Lambert (West Indies and United States of America)

Dougie Brown (England and Scotland)

Anderson Cummins (West Indies and Canada)

Eoin Morgan (Ireland and England)

Dirk Nannes (Netherlands and Australia)

Ed Joyce (Ireland and England)

Additionally, John Traicos played Tests for South Africa and Zimbabwe, but ODIs just for Zimbabwe, and Gavin Hamilton has only played ODIs for Scotland and represented England in one Test match. Dirk Nannes has represented Netherlands in T20s for the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 held in England but played for Australia in an ODI vs Scotland. He has since played more T20s for Australia.

See also

ICC Test Championship

Limited overs cricket

One Day International records

One Day International tournaments

One Day International hat-tricks

List of batsmen who have scored over 10000 One Day International cricket runs

References

External links

NatWest International One Day Series

International Cricket Rules and Regulations at the ICC website

ICC Chief Executives' Committee approves introduction of ODI innovations by Jon Long, ''ICC website'', 25 June 2005, retrieved 25 November 2005

"ODI changes to take effect in NatWest Challenge" by Cricinfo staff, ''Cricinfo'', 30 June 2005, retrieved 25 November 2005

"Those new one-day rules explained" by Cricinfo staff, ''Cricinfo'', 8 July 2005, retrieved 25 November 2005

Category:One Day International cricket

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playername	Lasith Malinga
country	Sri Lanka
fullname	Separamadu Lasith Malinga
living	true
dayofbirth	28
monthofbirth	8
yearofbirth	1983
placeofbirth	Galle
countryofbirth	Sri Lanka
heightm	1.70
batting	Right-handed
bowling	Right-arm fast
role	Bowler
nickname	Malinga the Slinga,Slinga Malinga
international	true
testdebutdate	1 July
testdebutyear	2004
testdebutagainst	Australia
testcap	99
lasttestdate	3 August
lasttestyear	2010
lasttestagainst	India
odidebutdate	17 July
odidebutyear	2004
odidebutagainst	United Arab Emirates
odicap	123
lastodidate	16 August
lastodiyear	2011
lastodiagainst	Australia
odishirt	99
club1	Tasmania
year1	2009/2010-present
club2	Kent
year2	2007
club3	Nondescripts
year3	2004/05-present
club4	Galle
year4	2001/02-2003/04
club5	Mumbai Indians
year5	2008–present
columns	6
column1	Test
matches1	30
runs1	275
bat avg1	11.45
100s/50s1	0/1
top score1	64
deliveries1	5,209
wickets1	101
bowl avg1	33.15
fivefor1	3
tenfor1	0
best bowling1	5/50
catches/stumpings1	7/–
column2	ODI
matches2	92
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100s/50s3	0/0
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deliveries3	612
wickets3	37
bowl avg3	20.08
fivefor3	0
tenfor3	n/a
best bowling3	3/12
catches/stumpings3	13/–
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fivefor4	7
tenfor4	0
best bowling4	6/17
catches/stumpings4	23/–
column5	LA
matches5	127
runs5	365
bat avg5	7.60
100s/50s5	0/1
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wickets5	199
bowl avg5	25.43
fivefor5	2
tenfor5	n/a
best bowling5	5/34
catches/stumpings5	20/–
date	1 March
year	2011
source	http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/44/44474/44474.html CricketArchive }}

Separamadu Lasith Malinga (Sinhala:සෙපරමාදු ලසිත් මාලින්ග) (born August 28, 1983 in Galle, Sri Lanka) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He is a specialist fast bowler with a rare round-arm action, sometimes referred to as a sling action, which leads to his nickname, "Slinga Malinga". He is known for his very sharp bouncers which are often hard to recognise because of his round-arm action, and he has a very dangerous in-swinging yorker which has been known to smash batsmen's feet if they do not see it come out of his hand. Malinga can also swing the ball early on in a match and this is an advantage to him. He is well known for his ability to take consecutive wickets: he is the first and only bowler in the world to have two World Cup hat-tricks, the first and only bowler to have taken three hat-tricks in ODIs and he is also the first, and currently the only, player to have taken four wickets in four consecutive balls in any form of international cricket. On 22 April 2011, he announced his retirement from test cricket.

Early days

Malinga grew up in modest circumstances in Rathgama, and always enjoyed cricket. He often played out with friends on the sand banks and coconut groves by a river in his cricket-obsessed village. He first had his education at Devapathiraja College, Rathgama and then at Vidyaloka College, Galle. Later he moved to Mahinda College, Galle. Here he was discovered by former Sri Lankan paceman Champaka Ramanayake,who was so impressed by Malinga's raw ability that he invited him to join the Cricket Foundation of Sri Lanka. A short-lived attempt to make Malinga's action more upright led to much reduced pace and failing accuracy. Malinga promptly returned to his natural action with success, and with great encouragement from Champaka Ramanayake.

Style

The cricket reference text Wisden has noted that Malinga's delivery action is similar to "slinging". Malinga has said that his unique action was a result of learning to play cricket exclusively with a tennis ball. Typically, younger bowlers are encouraged to deliver the ball with their arm near vertical to remove or reduce direction variables.

Malinga's action has attracted great comment, but has never been formally questioned; he has not been reported or called for throwing.

International career

Test Cricket

He made his Test debut on the July 1–3, 2004, at Darwin's Marrara Oval. He was immediately successful, taking 6 wickets in the match (Darren Lehmann twice, Adam Gilchrist, Damien Martyn, Shane Warne and Michael Kasprowicz) He was impressed by the friendliness of the Australian team in general, and in particular Adam Gilchrist who sought him out after the game to present him with one of the match stumps in the Sri Lankan dressing room.

He has developed into Sri Lanka's fastest Test bowler and a regular member of both their Test and One Day International sides. He has earned a reputation for troubling batsmen with his lively pace and well-directed bouncer. He regularly bowls at speeds between 140 and 150 km/h (87 to 93 mph) and sometimes slightly faster. As time went by he started to lose pace clocking around 130 to 140 km/h. His slower off cutter was also menacing. He burst onto the test scene after ripping through the New Zealand top order, helping Sri Lanka draw the test series on their 2006/07 tour of New Zealand. He announced his retirement from Test cricket on 22 April 2011 in order to prolong his career in One-Day and T20 cricket.

One Day Internationals (ODI)

Malinga debuted on July 17, 2004 when Sri Lanka played the United Arab Emirates at Dambulla. Since then he has become a regular member on the ODI squad.

During the Sri Lankan team's tour of New Zealand in 2004–2005, the New Zealand team found his action hard to play and the NZ captain, Stephen Fleming asked the umpire to change his belt and tie to a lighter colour so that they would be better able to see the ball being released from Malinga's hand. The umpire did not do so.

Malinga became a highlight during the 2007 Cricket World Cup, when on March 28, 2007, against South Africa he became the first ever player to take four wickets in four consecutive balls in international cricket. This was also only the fifth hat-trick in World Cup history, the third ODI hat-trick for Sri Lanka and the 24th in all ODI history. Malinga's victims were Shaun Pollock (bowled at 13), Andrew Hall (caught by Upul Tharanga at 0), Jacques Kallis (caught by Kumar Sangakkara at 86), and Makhaya Ntini (bowled at 0). Despite Malinga's lethal spell, however, South Africa proceeded to win the match by 1 wicket with 10 balls still left.

During the 2011 Cricket World Cup, Malinga took his second career hat-trick in Sri Lanka's group stage match against Kenya. This made him the first bowler to take two World Cup hat-tricks, and the fourth to take two hat-tricks in all One Day International cricket (alongside Wasim Akram, Saqlain Mushtaq and Chaminda Vaas). In August 2011, he scored yet an other hat-trick against Australia.

T20 International (T20)

Malinga plays for Indian Premier League (IPL) team Mumbai Indians. He is their strike bowler in this format and is leading bowler for the season 2011 along with team mate world renowned spinner Muralitharan who plays for Kochi Tuskers. World record holder Sachin Tendulkar the Mumbai Indian's captain described Malinga as an important cog in Mumbai Indians game plan after the retirement of strike bowler in former South African Captain Shaun Pollock who represented the team in the first season. In the first match for the Mumbai Indians in the fourth season, he got 5 wickets against Delhi Daredevils restricting them to a mere 95. He had his best score of 5/13 in the game.

He won the Purple Cap award (most wickets) in the fourth season of Indian Premier League with 28 scalps in 16 matches. Throughout the tournament, he led the Mumbai Indians attack from the front and was instrumental in many victories.

Records

Only bowler in cricketing history to take four wickets in four consecutive balls in international cricket (vs. South Africa March 2007) Only bowler in cricketing history to take three hat-tricks in international cricket. Lasith Malinga and Angelo Mathews hold the highest run partnership for the 9th wicket in an ODI: 132 runs, against Australia in Melbourne in 2010. Malinga scored 56 Runs from 48 balls including six fours and two sixes; Mathews scored 77 runs off 84 deliveries including eight fours and one six. He is the only bowler with two World Cup hat tricks, against South Africa in the 2007 Cricket World Cup and the other against Kenya in the 2011 Cricket World Cup. Malinga also holds the record for most wickets taken in a single IPL season, 28 in the 2011 Indian Premier League 4

References

External links

Cricinfo Player Profile

Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers Category:Sri Lanka Test cricketers Category:Sri Lanka Twenty20 International cricketers Category:Galle Cricket Club cricketers Category:One Day International hat-trick takers Category:Mumbai (Indian Premier League) cricketers Category:Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup Category:Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup Category:Alumni of Mahinda College

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