The related term "warm spring" is defined as a spring with water temperature less than a hot spring by many sources, although Pentecost et al. (2003) suggest that the phrase "warm spring" is not useful and should be avoided. The US NOAA Geophysical Data Center defines a "warm spring" as a spring with water between .
In active volcanic zones such as Yellowstone National Park, water may be heated by coming into contact with magma (molten rock). The high temperature gradient near magma may cause water to be heated enough that it boils or becomes superheated. If the water becomes so hot that it builds steam pressure and erupts in a jet above the surface of the Earth, it is called a geyser. If the water only reaches the surface in the form of steam, it is called a fumarole. If the water is mixed with mud and clay, it is called a mud pot.
Note that hot springs in volcanic areas are often at or near the boiling point. People have been seriously burned and even killed by accidentally or intentionally entering these springs.
Warm springs are sometimes the result of hot and cold springs mixing but may also occur outside of volcanic areas, such as Warm Springs, Georgia (frequented for its therapeutic effects by paraplegic U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who built the Little White House there).
A very low flow rate hot spring fed the closed resort, Fales Hot Ditch, which is north of Bridgeport, California. There is a huge subterranean lake below Tonopah, Arizona, which provides natural hot mineral waters to several hot springs. These hot springs were used by the seven or more hot spring spas that once operated in Tonopah. The ruins of two such spas are still visible in Tonopah.
A thermophile is an organism — a type of extremophile — that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between . Thermophiles are found in hot springs, as well as deep sea hydrothermal vents and decaying plant matter such as peat bogs and compost.
Some hot springs biota are infectious to humans. For example:
Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba, live in warm waters and soils worldwide and may cause meningitis. Several deaths have been attributed to this amoeba, which enters the brain through the nasal passages.
Acanthamoeba also can spread through hot springs, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.
Legionella bacteria have been spread through hot springs.
Viruses have been collected from very extreme environments, for example, a hot spring with a temperature of and an incredibly acidic pH of 1.5 in Pozzuoli, Italy. These viruses were observed to infect cells in the laboratory.
Category:Hydrothermal vents Category:Bathing
ar:حمة ay:Phutina bxr:Аршаан булагууд ca:Font termal cs:Termální pramen de:Thermalquelle et:Kuumaveeallikas es:Aguas termales eo:Termofonto eu:Ur termal fa:چشمه آب گرم fr:Source chaude gl:Augas termais ko:온천 hr:Termalni izvor id:Mata air panas is:Hver he:מעיין חם kn:ಬಿಸಿನೀರಿನ ಚಿಲುಮೆ kk:Термальды су ht:Sous cho lt:Karštoji versmė hu:Termálvíz mk:Топол извор ms:Mata air panas nl:Warmwaterbron ja:熱水泉 no:Varmekilde nn:Varmekjelde pl:Źródło termalne pt:Fonte termal ru:Геотермальный источник sk:Termálny prameň fi:Kuuma lähde sv:Het källa th:บ่อน้ำร้อน tr:Kaplıca uk:Термальні води zh:溫泉This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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