A shareholder or stockholder is an individual or institution (including a corporation) that legally owns one or more shares of stock in a public or private corporation. Shareholders own the stock, but not the corporation itself (Fama 1980).

Stockholders are granted special privileges depending on the class of stock. These rights may include:

The right to sell their shares,

The right to vote on the directors nominated by the board,

The right to nominate directors (although this is very difficult in practice because of minority protections) and propose shareholder resolutions,

The right to dividends if they are declared,

The right to purchase new shares issued by the company, and

The right to what assets remain after a liquidation.

Stockholders or shareholders are considered by some to be a subset of stakeholders, which may include anyone who has a direct or indirect interest in the business entity. For example, labor, suppliers, customers, the community, etc., are typically considered stakeholders because they contribute value and/or are impacted by the corporation.

Shareholders in the primary market who buy IPOs provide capital to corporations; however, the vast majority of shareholders are in the secondary market and provide no capital directly to the corporation.

Therefore, contrary to popular opinion, shareholders of American public corporations are NOT the (1) owners of the corporation, (2) the claimants of the profit, nor (3) investors, as in the contributors of capital.

References

Category:Stock market Category:Business economics

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Name	Mary J. Blige
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Mary Jane Blige
Born	January 11, 1971 The Bronx, New York, U.S.
Origin	Yonkers, New York
Instrument	Vocals
Genre	R&B;, soul, gospel, pop hip hop, hip hop soul
Occupation	Singer-songwriter, Rapper, record producer, actress, and Philanthropists
Years active	1989–present
Label	Uptown / MCA (1989–1996)MCA (1997–2002)Matriarch / Geffen (2003—present )
Website	}}

Mary Jane Blige (; born January 11, 1971) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer and actress. A recipient of nine Grammy Awards and four American Music Awards, Blige has recorded eight multi-platinum albums. She is the only artist with Grammy Award wins in Pop, Rap, Gospel, and R&B;. Blige has received the World Music Legends Award for combining hip hop and soul in the early 1990s. She was ranked number 100 in the list of 100 greatest singers of all time by ''Rolling Stone'' magazine.

Blige started her musical career in 1992, releasing her multi-platinum US selling debut album, ''What's the 411?'' on MCA Records and Uptown. ''What's the 411?'' gave Blige her first Billboard 200 top ten album, which has continued since the release of her debut album until her latest album, ''Stronger with Each Tear'' (2009), which became Blige's seventh consecutive album to debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200. As of 2010, Blige has sold over 50 million albums and 15 million singles worldwide.

Early life

Blige was born in the Bronx, New York. She is the second of four children born to parents Cora, a nurse, and Thomas Blige, a jazz musician. Blige's mother was an avid fan of R&B;/Soul music and constantly spun Aretha Franklin, Gladys Knight, Patti Labelle, Chaka Khan, and Jean Carne records when Blige was a child. These artists had a profound impact on Mary J. Blige at a very young age. Blige was taught to sing by her father. When Blige was four, her father abandoned the family. At the age of five, Blige was molested by a family friend.

Blige spent her early years in Richmond Hill, Georgia, where she sang in a Pentecostal church. She later moved to Schlobohm Apartments in Yonkers, New York, where she lived with her mother, older sister, five cousins, and two aunts. She dropped out of Roosevelt High School in the eleventh grade.

At the age of 17, Blige recorded an impromptu cover of Anita Baker's "Caught Up In the Rapture" at a recording booth in the Galleria Mall in White Plains, New York. Her mother's boyfriend at the time later played the cassette for Jeff Redd, a recording artist and A&R; runner for Uptown Records. Redd sent it to the president and CEO of the label, Andre Harrell. Harrell met with Blige and in 1989 she was signed to the label, becoming the company's youngest and first female artist.

Blige's early years consisted of session work as a background vocalist for the likes of Jeff Reed, who introduced her during a live performance at the Apollo Theater. A year later, she sung the hook on Father MC's hit "I'll Do 4 U" and was prominently featured at the end of the video singing.

Blige sang with K.C. from K.C. and Jojo and endured domestic violence. They both were damaged by drugs, abuse, and violence. Their relationship off stage eventually caused the on stage chemistry to die down and ended their relationship. Mary's early years were full of depression and at times, made her feel suicidal.

Career

''What's the 411?'' (1992–1993)

Production for Blige's debut album began in 1992, with Sean "Puffy" Combs, who was at the time a 19-year-old A&R; executive at Uptown, selected as the executive producer of the project. When first introducing Mary J. Blige to Uptown Executives at a convention, Sean Combs originally nicknamed Blige the "Queen of Ghetto Love;" however, Andre Harrell, Combs's supervisor, found the name unsatisfactory and subsequently dubbed her the Queen of Hip-Hop Soul.

Establishing Blige's niche in R&B; became the paramount goal for Sean Combs. Given the fact that most female R&B; acts during that time were very glamorous and refined, Combs purposely molded Blige into the exact opposite so as to underscore her uniqueness and maintain her connection to her urban roots. From her fashion syle to her sound, Blige was completely different from most female artists in the early 1990s. Baseball caps, combat boots, and baggy clothes constituted her signature syle. In regards to her music, on July 28, 1992, Uptown Records released ''What's the 411?''. Blige's inaugural album ushered in a new era and genre of R&B; music. Blige's raw and gritty sound was utterly antithetical to that of pop icons Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, and Janet Jackson. Her East Coast hip hop, Northern Urban City-influenced sound became the blueprint for artists such as Faith Evans, Aaliyah, TLC, Destiny's Child, Monica, Ashanti, Pink, and Keyshia Cole.

"You Remind Me", the album's first single, peaked at number one on the R&B; singles chart that summer. The second single, "Real Love", was released in the fall. It too topped the R&B; singles chart, and became Blige's first top ten Hot 100 single, peaking at number seven. Both singles were certified gold for their sales volume. More ''What's the 411?'' singles followed into 1993, including "Sweet Thing", a cover of Rufus's "Sweet Thing", and "Love No Limit". By the end of the year, ''What's the 411?'' had sold three million copies. Blige, meanwhile, released a hip hop single "You Don't Have to Worry". After the success of ''What's the 411'', Sean "Puffy" Combs hailed the singer as "the queen of hip-hop soul". The name of her album, ''What's the 411?'' stems from her previous job as Directory Assistance operator. The album's success spun off ''What's the 411? Remix'', a remix album released in December that was used to extend the life of the ''What's the 411?'' singles on the radio into 1994, as Blige recorded her follow-up album. With combined sales of over 5 million albums and singles from her debut album, Blige was the best selling female artist on the Uptown label.

''My Life'' (1994–1996)

On November 29, 1994, Uptown Records released Blige's second album, ''My Life'' which was again overseen by Combs who also produced more than 50% of the album along with Washington DC native Carl "Chucky" Thompson (despite his having recently left the label), who with Thompson co-produced all but one of the album's tracks, and took over as Blige's manager. Unlike ''What's the 411?'', Blige co-wrote a large body of the material, basing it on her personal life.

"Be Happy", the album's single, peaked at number 29 and number six on the Hot 100 and R&B; singles chart, respectively. In early 1995, it was followed up with a cover of Rose Royce's 1976 hit "I'm Goin' Down", which became her first top 20 hit in the UK, peaking at number 12. Other ''My Life'' singles include "You Bring Me Joy" and "I Love You". "Mary Jane (All Night Long)" and "My Life" received heavy radio play, despite never being officially released as singles apart from the UK, where "Mary Jane (All Night Long)" became Blige's second top 20 hit from the album there. ''My Life'' was eventually certified triple platinum. In spite of its success and her growing fame, Blige later admitted that she was simultaneously dealing with long time bouts of drug addiction, alcoholism, and depression, as well as an abusive relationship with then-boyfriend K-Ci Hailey of Jodeci. Blige involved herself in several outside projects, recording a cover of Aretha Franklin's "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" for the soundtrack to the FOX series ''New York Undercover'', and "Everyday It Rains" (co-written by R&B; singer Faith Evans) for the soundtrack to the hip hop biopic, ''The Show''. That summer she dueted with rapper Method Man on his song, "I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need to Get By" (which sampled Marvin Gaye's "You're All I Need to Get By", and for which she won a Grammy award.) Later in the year, she recorded the Babyface-penned and produced "Not Gon' Cry", for the soundtrack to the motion picture ''Waiting to Exhale''. The platinum-selling single rose to number two on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and number one on the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs in early 1996, and became her biggest commercial hit at the time. Blige won her first Grammy Award – 'Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group' for her collaboration with Method Man. ''My Life'' was also nominated for Best R&B; Album, but lost to TLC's CrazySexyCool.

In 1996, after winning her first Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for the platinum selling certified single, "I'll Be There For You/You're All I Need to Get By with Wu Tang Clan member Method Man, later that year, she appeared on another Wu-Tang Clan member, Ghostface Killah's single, "All That I Got Is You", for which she co-wrote, and sung the second verse of the song, which is Ghostface Killah's account of his early boyhood.

She was unavailable for the music video, and was replaced by a backing singer named Megan Powell at the last minute; her original vocals remained on Ghostface Killah's debut album, Ironman.

In December of that year, ''My Life'', was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA.

''Share My World'' (1997–1998)

On April 22, 1997, MCA Records (parent company to Uptown Records, which was in the process of being dismantled) released Blige's third album, ''Share My World''. By now, she and Combs had dissolved their working relationship. In his place were the Trackmasters who executive produced the project along with Steve Stoute. Sharing production duties were producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, R. Kelly, Babyface and Rodney Jerkins.

The album was made at a time where Blige was trying to "get her life together", by trying to overcome drugs and alcohol, as well as the ending of her relationship with Hailey. After an encounter with a person who threatened her life the previous year, she tried to quit the unhealthy life style and make more upbeat, happier music. As a result, songs such as "Love Is All We Need" and "Share My World", were made.

''Share My World'' debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200 and spawned five hit singles: "Love Is All We Need" (featuring Nas), "I Can Love You" (featuring Lil' Kim), "Everything", "Missing You" (UK only) and "Seven Days." (featuring George Benson) The album became Blige's most commercially successful; selling three million copies in the U.S.. In February 1997, Blige performed her hit at the time, "Not Gon' Cry" at the 1997 Grammy Awards, which gained her third Grammy Award nomination, her first for Best Female R&B; Vocal Performance, as Blige was recording the follow-up to ''My Life''.In early 1998, Blige won an American Music Award for "Favorite Soul/R&B; Album." That summer she embarked on the Share My World Tour, which resulted in a Gold-certified live album released later that year, simply titled ''The Tour''. The album spawned one single, "Misty Blue."

''Mary'' (1999–2000)

On August 17, 1999, Blige's fourth album, titled ''Mary'' was released. It marked a departure from her more familiar hip hop-oriented sound; this set featured a more earthy, whimsical, and adult contemporary-tinged collection of songs, reminiscent of 1970s to early 1980s soul.

On December 14, 1999, the album was re-released as a double-disc set. The second disc was enhanced with the music videos for the singles "All That I Can Say" and "Deep Inside" and included two bonus tracks: "Sincerity" (featuring Nas, Andy Hogan and DMX) and "Confrontation" (a collaboration with hip hop duo Funkmaster Flex & Big Kap originally from their 1999 album ''The Tunnel''). The ''Mary'' album was critically praised, becoming her most nominated release to date, and was certified double platinum (selling over two million in sales.) It was not as commercially successful as Blige's prior releases, though all of the singles: "All That I Can Say", "Deep Inside", "Your Child", and "Give Me You" performed considerably on radio. In the meantime, MCA used the album to expand Blige's demographic into the nightclub market, as club-friendly dance remixes of the ''Mary'' singles were released. The club remix of "Your Child" peaked at number-one on the ''Billboard's'' Hot Dance Club Play chart in October 2000.

In 2001, a Japan-only compilation, ''Ballads'', was released. The album featured covers of Stevie Wonder's "Overjoyed", and previous recordings of Aretha Franklin's "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" and Dorothy Moore's "Misty Blue".

''No More Drama'' (2001–2002)

On August 28, 2001, MCA released Blige's fifth studio album, ''No More Drama''. The album's first single, "Family Affair" (produced by Dr. Dre) became her first number-one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, where it remained for six consecutive weeks. It was followed by two further hit singles, the European only single "Dance for Me" featuring Common and the Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis-produced title track (originally recorded for the ''Mary'' album), which sampled "Nadia's Theme", the piano-driven theme song to the daytime drama ''The Young and the Restless''.

Though the album sold nearly two million copies in the U.S., MCA was underwhelmed by its sales, and subsequently repackaged and re-released the album on January 29, 2002. The ''No More Drama'' re-release featured a new album cover, deleted three of the songs from the original track listing, while adding two brand-new songs—one of which was the fourth single and top twenty Hot 100 hit "Rainy Dayz", (featuring Ja Rule), plus two remixes; one of the title track, serviced by Puff Daddy and the single version of "Dance for Me" featuring Common. The album sold another million-plus units (3.2 million in total) in the U.S. and seven million worldwide. Blige won a Grammy for 'Best Female R&B; Vocal Performance' for the song "He Think I Don't Know." In April 2002, Blige performed with Shakira with the song "Love Is a Battlefield" on VH1 Divas show live in Las Vegas, she also performed "No More Drama" and "Rainy Dayz" as a duet with the returning Whitney Houston.

On July 22, 2002, MCA released ''Dance for Me'', a collection of club remixes of some of her past top hits including the Junior Vasquez remix of "Your Child", and the Thunderpuss mix of "No More Drama." This album was released in a limited edition double pack 12" vinyl for DJ-friendly play in nightclubs.

''Love & Life'' (2003–2004)

On August 26, 2003, Blige's sixth album ''Love & Life'' was released on Geffen Records (which had absorbed MCA Records.) Blige heavily collaborated with her one-time producer Sean Combs for this set. Due to the history between them on ''What's the 411?'' and ''My Life'', which is generally regarded as their best work, and Blige having just come off of a successful fifth album, expectations were high for the reunion effort.

Despite the album debuting at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200 and becoming Blige's fourth consecutive UK top ten album, ''Love & Life'''s lead-off single, the Diddy-produced "Love @ 1st Sight", which featured Method Man, barely cracked the top ten on the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs, while altogether missing the top twenty on the Hot 100 (although peaking inside the UK top twenty). The following singles, "Ooh!", "Not Today" featuring Eve, "Whenever I Say Your Name"featuring Sting on the international re-release, and "It's a Wrap" fared worse. Although the album was certified platinum, it became Blige's lowest-selling to date. Critics and fans alike largely panned the disc, citing a lack of consistency and noticeable ploys to recapture the early Blige/Combs glory. Blige and Combs reportedly struggled and clashed during the making of this album, and again parted ways upon the completion of it.

The album became Blige's first album in six years to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 285,298 copies in first week.

''Love & Life'' received mixed reviews from music critics. ''Allmusic'' gave it 4 stars and said the album "beamed with joy" and ''Rolling Stone'' gave it three stars, saying "You may not always love Blige's music, but you will feel her".

The album was eventually certified Platinum by the RIAA. To date the album has sold over 1,000,000 copies in the U.S. and over 2,000,000 copies worldwide. The album was nominated for the Best Contemporary R&B; Album at the 46th Grammy Awards.

''The Breakthrough'' and ''Reflections – A Retrospective'' (2005–2006)

Geffen Records released Blige's seventh studio album, ''The Breakthrough'' on December 20, 2005. For the album, Blige collaborated with J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League, Rodney Jerkins, will.i.am, Bryan Michael Cox, 9th Wonder, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Raphael Saadiq, Cool and Dre, and Dre & Vidal. The cover art was photographed by Markus Klinko & Indrani. It debuted at number one on both the ''Billboard'' 200 and Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums charts. Selling 727,000 copies in its first week, it became the biggest first-week sales for an R&B; solo female artist in SoundScan history, the fifth largest first-week sales for a female artist, and the fourth largest debut of 2005. Since its release, ''The Breakthrough'' has sold over three million copies in the U.S and over seven million copies worldwide, becoming one of the five best-selling albums of 2006.

The lead-off single, "Be Without You", peaked at number three on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, while peaking at number one on the R&B; chart for a record-setting fifteen consecutive weeks; it remained on the chart for over sixteen months. "Be Without You" found success in the UK (peaking in the lower end of the top forty) it became Blige's longest charting single on the UK Singles Chart. It is her second longest charting single to date. The album produced three more singles including two more top five R&B; hits—"Enough Cryin'", which features Blige's alter ego Brook-Lynn (as whom she appeared on the remix to Busta Rhymes's "Touch It" in 2006); and "Take Me as I Am" (which samples Lonnie Liston Smith's "A Garden of Peace"). Blige's duet with U2 on the cover of their 1992 hit, "One" gave Blige her biggest hit to date in the UK, peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart eventually being certified one of the forty highest-selling singles of 2006; it was her longest charting UK single. The success of ''The Breakthrough'' won Blige nine ''Billboard'' Music Awards, two American Music Awards, two BET Awards, two NAACP Image Awards, and a Soul Train Award. She received eight Grammy Award nominations at the 2007 Grammy Awards, the most of any artist that year. "Be Without You" was nominated for both "Record of the Year" and "Song of the Year". Blige won three: "Best Female R&B; Vocal Performance", "Best R&B; Song" (both for "Be Without You"), and "Best R&B; Album" for ''The Breakthrough''. Blige completed a season sweep of the "big three" major music awards, having won the American Music Awards in November 2006, the Billboard Music Awards in December 2006, and the Grammy Awards in February 2007.

In December 2006, a compilation called ''Reflections - A Retrospective'' was released. It contained many of Blige's greatest hits and four new songs, including the worldwide lead single "We Ride (I See the Future)". In the UK, however, "MJB da MVP" (which appeared in a different, shorter form on ''The Breakthrough'') was released as the lead single from the collection. The album peaked at number nine in the U.S, selling over 170,000 copies in its first week, while reaching number forty in the UK. It has sold more than 1.6 million copies. In 2006, Blige recorded a duet with rapper Ludacris, "Runaway Love", which is the third single on his fifth album, ''Release Therapy''. It reached the top five on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and the R&B; chart. Blige was featured with Aretha Franklin and The Harlem Boys Choir on the soundtrack to the 2006 motion picture ''Bobby'', on the lead track "Never Gonna Break My Faith". The song was nominated for a Golden Globe and won the Grammy Award for Best Gospel Performance at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards.

''Growing Pains'' (2007–2008)

Blige's eighth studio album, ''Growing Pains'', was released on December 18, 2007, debuting at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200 and at number one on the Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It sold 629,000 copies in its first week, marking the third time since Nielsen SoundScan began collecting data in 1991 that two albums sold more than 600,000 copies in a week in the United States. In its second week, the album climbed to number one, making it Blige's fourth number-one album. The lead single, "Just Fine", peaked at number twenty-two on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and at number three on the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Just Fine" was nominated for the Grammy Award for "Best Female R&B; Vocal Performance", and Blige won "Best R&B; Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals" for the Chaka Khan duet "Disrespectful" (featured on Khan's album ''Funk This'') which Blige wrote.

''Growing Pains'' was not released in the UK until February 2008, where it became Blige's fifth top ten and third-highest charting album.''The Breakthrough'' and ''Reflections (A Retrospective)'' were released in the Christmas rush and therefore settled for lower peaks, although both selling more than her top five album ''Mary''. "''Just Fine''" returned Blige to the UK singles chart top 20 after her previous two singles failed to chart highly. Subsequent singles from ''Growing Pains'' include "Work That", which accompanied Blige in an iTunes commercial, and "Stay Down".

Blige was featured on 50 Cent's 2007 album, ''Curtis'', in the song "All of Me". In March 2008, she toured with Jay-Z in the Heart of the City Tour. They released a song called "You're Welcome". In the same period, cable network BET aired a special on Blige entitled ''The Evolution of Mary J. Blige'', which showcased her career. Celebrities such as Method Man and Ashanti gave their opinions about Blige and her music. Blige is featured on singles by Big Boi, and Musiq Soulchild.

''Growing Pains'' was nominated for and won the Grammy Award for "Best Contemporary R&B; Album", at the 51st Grammy Awards held on February 8, 2009, earning Blige her 27th Grammy nomination, in a mere decade.

Blige went on the Growing Pains European Tour, her first tour there in two years. A tour of Australia and New Zealand was scheduled for June but was postponed due to "weariness from an overwhelming tour schedule" and then eventually canceled entirely.

On August 7, 2008, it was revealed Blige faced a US$2 million federal suit claiming Neff-U wrote the music for the song "Work That", but was owned by Dream Family Entertainment. The filing claimed that Dream Family never gave rights to use the song to Blige, Feemster or Geffen Records. Rights to the lyrics of the song used in an iPod commercial are not in question.

''Stronger with Each Tear'' (2009–2010)

Blige returned to performing in January 2009 by performing the song "Lean on Me" at the Presidential Inauguration Committee's, "We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial". Blige also performed her hit 2007 single, "Just Fine", with a new intro at the Neighborhood Inaugural Ball after Barack Obama was sworn in on January 20, 2009. Blige appeared as a marquee performer on the annual ''Christmas in Washington'' television special.

Blige's ninth studio album, ''Stronger with Each Tear'', was released on December 21, 2009, debuting at number two on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top R&B;/Hip-Hop Albums chart, selling 332,000 units in its first week of release. It became her fifth album not to take the top spot in the United States.

The lead single, "The One", which features Canadian rapper Drake, was released for airplay in June 2009, and was officially and digitally released in July 2009, peaking at number sixty-three on the Hot 100. Blige recorded "Stronger", as the lead single from the soundtrack to the basketball documentary "More Than a Game" in August 2009. The second single from ''Stronger with Each Tear'', "I Am", was released in December 2009 and reached number fifty-five on the Hot 100. The third international single from the album, "Each Tear", was remixed with different featured artists from different countries, then being released in February 2010. The single failed to chart anywhere except in the UK where it reached number one-hundred-eighty-three and in Italy where it reached number one. The album's third U.S. single, "We Got Hood Love" featuring Trey Songz, was released in March 2010 and reached number twenty-five on the Hot R&B;/Hip-Hop Singles chart though it failed to reach the Hot 100. One of Blige's representatives reported to US Weekly magazine that a tour in support of ''Stronger with Each Tear'' will begin in the fall of 2010. On March 2010, Blige released ''Stronger with Each Tear'' in the United Kingdom, as well as in the European markets. The album performed modestly in the United Kingdom, debuting at number thirty-three on the UK Albums Chart and at number four on the UK R&B; Chart. It reached the top 100 in other countries.

Blige was honored at the 2009 BET Honors Ceremony and was paid tribute by Anita Baker and Monica. On November 4, 2009, Blige sang ''The Star-Spangled Banner'' at Yankee Stadium before the New York Yankees and Philadelphia Phillies played the last game (game 6) of the World Series. Blige performed two songs from her ninth album as well as her previous hits, "No More Drama" and "Be Without You" along with the song "Color", which was featured on the ''Precious'' soundtrack. Blige appeared as a guest judge on the ninth season of American Idol on January 13, 2010.

On January 23, 2010, Blige released a track "Hard Times Come Again No More" with The Roots as well as performing it at the Hope for Haiti Now telethon. At the 2010 Grammy Awards, Blige and Andrea Bocelli performed Bridge Over Troubled Water. Blige also performed on BET's SOS Help For Haiti, singing "Gonna Make It" with Jazmine Sullivan and "One." Blige also took part in February 2010's We Are the World 25 for Haiti, singing the solo originally sung by Tina Turner in the original 1985 We Are The World version. At the 41st NAACP Image Awards Blige won Outstanding Female Artist and Outstanding Album for ''Stronger with Each Tear''. On November 18, 2010, Billboard revealed Mary J. Blige as the most successful female R&B;/Hip Hop Artist on the Top 50 R&B;/Hip Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years list. Mary came in at number 2 overall.

''My Life II, The Journey Continues'' (2011–present)

On January 4, 2011 on Hot 97, Angie Martinez premiered a new version of Diddy-Dirty Money's "Someone to Love Me". The remix, titled "Someone to Love Me (Naked)", features new vocals from Blige and Lil Wayne. The song was released as an iTunes digital download single on March 29, 2011 and serves as a teaser until the official first single from the album. The video for the song was directed by Colin Tilley. The video premiered online via Vevo on April 4, 2011 and made their television debut on April 5, 2011 following BET’s “The Game.”

Rolling Stone revealed the tracks likely to make the final cut of Mary's tenth studio album are the Jerry Wonder-produced "Feel Inside" and "Beautiful Scars," a ballad by Diane Warren. Also describing the album as retro with lots of live instrumentation and soul samples. Mary has also teamed back up for production from long time collaboraters Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis and Babyface. MTV.com revealed that the album titled ''My Life II, The Journey Continues'', will be released September 3, 2011. The LP, recorded in Los Angeles and New York City, sees Mary looking toward the future while acknowledging the past. ''“From me to you, My Life II… Our journey together continues in this life,”'' explained Mary. ''“It’s a gift to be able to relate and identify with my fans at all times. This album is a reflection of the times and lives of people all around me.”'' The album will aso feature production from Kanye West and The Underdogs.

Mary was awarded Outstanding Female Artist at the 42nd NAACP Image Awards.

On June 26, 2011 Mary J. Blige performed a new single called It Ain't Over Till It's Over with Jadakiss and DJ Khaled at the BET Awards 2011. It will be on We the Best Forever

On July 5, 2011, Mary released the song The Living Proof as the lead single to the soundtrack of the film The Help. On July 24, VH1 premiered their third Behind the Music on Mary that profiled Mary's personal and career life.

Acting career

In 1998, Blige made her acting debut on the sitcom ''The Jamie Foxx Show'' playing a character, the apparently southern Ola Mae; a preacher's daughter who wanted to sing more than gospel music. Her father was portrayed by Ronald Isley of The Isley Brothers. In 2001, Blige starred opposite rapper Q-Tip in the independent film ''Prison Song''. That same year, Blige made a cameo on the Lifetime network series, ''Strong Medicine''; playing the role of Simone Fellows. Blige's character was the lead singer of a band who was sick, but would not seek treatment. In 2000, Blige was featured in a superhero web cartoon in junction with Stan Lee. Blige used the cartoon as part of her performance while on her 2000 Mary Show Tour. In 2004, Blige starred in an Off-Broadway play, ''The Exonerated''. The play chronicled the experiences of death row inmates. Blige portrayed Sunny Jacobs, a woman who spent 20 years in prison for a crime she did not commit. In late 2005, it was reported that Blige landed the starring role in the upcoming MTV Films biopic on American singer/pianist Nina Simone. According to IMDB.com the film will be released in 2012.

In February 2007, Blige guest-starred on ''Ghost Whisperer'', in an episode called "Mean Ghost", as the character Jackie Boyd, the school's cheer leader coach grieving for the death of her brother and affected by the ghost of a dead cheerleader. The episode features many of Blige's songs. In August 2007, Blige was a guest star on ''Entourage'', in the role of herself, as a client of Ari Gold's agency. In October 2007, Blige was also a guest star on ''America's Next Top Model'', as a creative director for a photo shoot by Matthew Rolston. In May 2009, Mary made a guest appearance on ''30 Rock'', as an artist recording a benefit song for a kidney. Blige also had a supporting role in Tyler Perry's Movie ''I Can Do Bad All By Myself'', which was released in September 2009.

As of March 2011, Blige has signed on to star alongside Tom Cruise, Julianne Hough, and Alec Baldwin in the film adaptation of the 80s jukebox hit musical 'Rock of Ages.' Blige will play Justice Charlier, the owner of a Sunset Strip gentlemen's club, when production begins in May 2011.

Business ventures

In 2004 Blige launched her own record label, Matriarch Records, distributed through Interscope.

In July 2010, Blige launched her first perfume, My Life (through Carol's Daughter), exclusively on HSN. The fragrance's unprecedented success broke sales records in hours and has been awarded two prestigious FIFI awards from the Fragrance Foundation. The newest fragrance, My Life Blossom launched in August, 2011 exclusively to HSN.

In October 2010 Blige released a line of sunglasses called "Melodies by MJB". The first Melodies collection featured four styles with a total of 20 color options. Each style represented a specific facet of Blige’s life. Essence magazine reported that in the spring of 2011, "Melodies by MJB" extended their collection to offer more styles.

Blige's production company, along with William Morris Endeavor is also working on several TV and film projects.

Blige has had endorsement contracts with Reebok, Air Jordan, Pepsi, Coca-Cola, Gap, Target, American Express, AT&T;, M·A·C, Apple Inc. and Chevrolet. She has also been a spokesperson with Carol's Daughter beauty products and Citibank's with Nickelback program.

Personal life

During the early 1990s, Blige dated singer K-Ci from Jodeci. The affair ended in 1997. Blige also briefly dated rapper Nas. In 2000, Blige met record industry executive Martin Kendu Isaacs (known as "Kendu") who became her manager. The two were married on December 7, 2003, in a small private ceremony at Blige's home attended by 50 guests.

Blige earned her GED in 2010.

Blige has been a resident of Cresskill, New Jersey.

Philanthropy

In 2001, Mary performed "Do Nothin' Till You Hear From Me" for the Red Hot Organization's compilation album ''Red Hot + Indigo'', a tribute to Duke Ellington, which raised money for various charities devoted to increasing AIDS awareness and fighting the disease

On May 9, 2008, The Mary J. Blige and Steve Stoute Foundation for the Advancement of Women Now, Inc. (FFAWN) was inaugurated at Roosevelt High School in Yonkers, New York. FFAWN's purpose is to inspire women "to reach their individual potential". The foundation offers scholarships and programs whose aim is to foster self-esteem and career development. The Mary J. Blige Center for Women has opened in Yonkers.

In 2008, Mary teamed up with Carol's Daughter executive Lisa Price to make a perfume which would be called "My Life". On July 31, 2010, Mary J. Blige was on 6 live televised Home Shopping Network specials to promote and sell her perfume. On that day, "My Life" sold a record breaking 60,000 + units. Her perfume was the first to sell over 60,000 bottles in one day on HSN. Also $1 from each purchase was donated to FFAWN her foundation for women to send more women to college.

Discography

1992: ''What's the 411?''

1994: ''My Life''

1997: ''Share My World''

1999: ''Mary''

2001: ''No More Drama''

2003: ''Love & Life''

2005: ''The Breakthrough''

2007: ''Growing Pains''

2009: ''Stronger with Each Tear

2011: ''My Life II... The Journey Continues (Act I)''

Awards

American Music Awards

ASCAP Awards

BET Awards

Billboard Awards

Golden Globe Awards

Grammy Awards

Lady of Soul Awards

MTV Europe Music Awards

MTV Video Music Awards

NAACP Awards

Satellite Awards

Soul Train Music Awards

Source Awards

Vibe Awards

World Music Awards

Tours

Share My World Tour (1998)

The Mary Show Tour (2000)

No More Drama Tour (2002)

Love & Life Tour (2004)

The Breakthrough Experience Tour (2006)

Heart of the City Tour (with Jay-Z) (2008)

Growing Pains European Tour (2008)

Love Soul Tour (2008)

Music Saved My Life Tour (2010–11)

Filmography

''Angel: One More Road to Cross'' ''Ghost Whisperer'' I Can Do Bad All By Myself (film) ''American Idol'' ''Rock of Ages (2012 film)

colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"	Film
Year	Film & Television	Role	! Notes
1998	''The Jamie Foxx Show''	Ola Mae
rowspan=3>2001	|	Guardian Angel	Direct to DVD
''Prison Song''	Mrs. Butler
''Strong Medicine''	Simone Fellows
rowspan=2	2007	|	Jackie Boyd	"Mean Ghost" (episode 15, season 2)
''Entourage (TV series)	Entourage''	Herself
rowspan=2	2009	''I Can Do Bad All By Myself'' ||	Tanya	Supporting Role
''30 Rock''	Herself
2010	|	Guest judge/Herself	Auditions were held in Atlanta, Georgia at the Georgia Dome when Blige guest judged.
2012	Rock of Ages'' ||	Justice Charlier

See also

List of best-selling music artists

List of honorific titles in popular music

References

External links

Official website

Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:American songwriters Category:Actors from New York City Category:African American actors Category:American record producers Category:African American record producers Category:African American female singer-songwriters Category:American hip hop musicians Category:American mezzo-sopranos Category:African American singer-songwriters Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters Category:American soul singers Category:American television actors Category:English-language singers Category:Geffen Records artists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:MCA Records artists Category:Musicians from New York City Category:People from Cresskill, New Jersey Category:People from the Bronx Category:People from Yonkers, New York Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:People self-identifying as substance abusers Category:Rappers from New York City

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name	Abigail and Brittany Hensel
birth name	Abigail Loraine Hensel Brittany Lee Hensel
birth date	March 07, 1990
birth place	Carver County, Minnesota
residence	St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
nationality	American
education	Lutheran High School in Mayer, Minnesota Bethel University
home town	New Germany, Minnesota, USA
parents	Patty and Mike Hensel
relatives	Dakota (Brother) Morgan (Sister)
website
footnotes	}}

Abigail "Abby" Loraine Hensel and Brittany "Britty" Lee Hensel (born March 7, 1990) are dicephalic parapagus twins, meaning that they are conjoined twins of whom each has a separate head, but whose bodies are joined. They are highly symmetric, giving the appearance of having just a single body with little variation from normal proportion. In fact, several vital organs are doubled up, each woman having a separate heart, stomach, spine and spinal cord.

Each twin controls her half of their body, operating one of the arms and one of the legs. This means that as infants, the initial learning of physical processes that required bodily coordination, such as clapping, crawling, and walking required the cooperation of both children. While each is able to eat and write separately and simultaneously, activities such as running and swimming must be coordinated and alternate symmetrically. Other activities as diverse as brushing hair and driving a car require that each twin perform a sequence of quite separate actions that coordinate with the other.

Despite the curiosity that their condition has generated, the Hensel twins have managed to live private lives with relatively little press attention. At the age of 16, they gave an interview on The Learning Channel on December 17, 2006, in which they discussed aspects of their daily lives and plans for the future.

Background

Abigail and Brittany Hensel were born in Carver County, Minnesota, the daughters of Patty, a registered nurse, and Mike Hensel, a carpenter and landscaper. The twins have a younger brother named Dakota, or Koty for short, a younger sister named Morgan, and a dog named Sadie. They were raised in New Germany and attended Lutheran High School in Mayer, Minnesota.

Physiology

The Hensel twins have a single body with separate heads and necks, a chest that is wider than normal, two arms and two legs. At birth they had a rudimentary arm attached to a shoulder blade at the back. The arm was removed, leaving the shoulder blade.

Abigail's head tilts laterally outward about 5 degrees to the right while Brittany's head tilts laterally at about 15 degrees to the left, causing Brittany to appear shorter. At age 12, they underwent surgery at Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare to correct scoliosis and to expand their chest cavity to prevent future difficulties with breathing.

Each of the twins manages one side of their conjoined body. The sense of touch of each is restricted to her body half; this shades off at the midsagittal plane such that there is a small amount of overlap at the midline. They are effective in cooperatively using their limbs when both hands or both legs are required. By coordinating their efforts, they are able to walk, run, swim and ride a bicycle normally — all tasks that they learned at a normal speed. Together, they can type on a computer keyboard at a normal speed and drive a car.

Organ distribution

Abigail and Brittany have individual organs in the upper part of their body while most of the organs located at or below the level of the navel are shared, the exception being the spinal cord.

2 heads

2 spines merging at the coccyx, and joined at the thorax by sections of ribs. Surgery was employed to correct scoliosis

2 completely separate spinal cords

2 arms (originally 3, but rudimentary central arm was surgically removed, leaving central shoulder blade in place)

1 broad ribcage with 2 highly fused sternums and traces of bridging ribs. Surgery was employed to expand the pleural cavities

2 breasts

2 hearts in a shared circulatory system (nutrition, respiration, medicine taken by either affects both)

4 lungs with the medial lungs moderately fused, not involving Brittany's upper right lobe; three pleural cavities

1 diaphragm with well-coordinated involuntary breathing, slight central defect

2 stomachs

2 gallbladders

1 liver, enlarged and elongated right lobe

Y-shaped small intestine which experiences a slightly spastic double peristalsis at the juncture

1 large intestine with one colon

3 kidneys: 2 left, 1 right

1 bladder

1 set of reproductive organs

2 separate half-sacrums, which converge distally

1 slightly broad pelvis

2 legs

Separation

Upon their birth, their parents rejected the option to attempt surgical separation after hearing from doctors that it was not likely that both girls would survive the operation. As the girls grew and learned to walk and develop other skills, the parents confirmed their decision against separation, arguing that the quality of life for the surviving twin or twins living separately would be less than their quality of life as conjoined beings.

Adulthood

The Hensel twins both successfully passed their driver's license exam, both the written and driving tests. They had to take the tests twice, once for each twin. Abby controls the pedals, radio, heat, defogger, and other devices located to the right of the driver's seat, while Brittany controls the turn signal and lights; together, they control the steering wheel.

They both graduated from high school in 2008. They began college at Bethel University in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

In conversation, the twins are clearly distinct persons, with distinct likes and dislikes. Their preferences in food, clothing color, etc. differ. Some of their clothes are altered by their seamstress so that they have two separate necklines in order to emphasize their individuality. They will usually have separate meals, but sometimes will share a single meal for the sake of convenience (e.g., each takes a bite of the same hamburger). Abigail is better at mathematics and Brittany is better at writing. For tasks such as responding to e-mail, they type and respond as one, anticipating each other's feelings with little verbal communication between them. In such cases as the latter, their choice of grammatical person is to use the first person singular out of habit when they agree, but when their responses do differ, they use their names in the third person singular.

There is some concern about their ability to have continued good health because only four known sets of conjoined twins who share an undivided torso and two legs have ever survived into adulthood, and most have congenital heart defects or other organ anomalies. None have shown up in the Hensels' case. They have so far had no desire to make themselves available for any medical studies. They intend to make a rather limited number of media appearances in the future, primarily just to appease the world's curiosity and to reduce the number of people who might otherwise be taken aback by their unusual body configuration. They intensely dislike being stared at or photographed by strangers while going about their private lives. They expect to date, get married, and have children. They hope that by providing some information about themselves they will be able to lead otherwise fairly typical social lives as together they continue to make new friends.

Media appearances

In April 2006, they appeared in ''Joined for Life'', a documentary produced by Advanced Medical, distributed on the Discovery Health Channel. They also appeared on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' on April 8 and April 29, 1996. In April 1996, the twins were featured on the cover of ''Life'' under the caption "One Body, Two Souls", and their daily lifestyle was depicted in the corresponding article titled ''The Hensels' Summer''. ''Life'' followed up with another story in September 1998. In 2003, an updated story of them at age 11 (filmed in 2001) was published in ''Time'' and again in ''Life''. They appeared in a follow-up documentary on The Learning Channel on December 17, 2006 filmed around the time of their 16th birthday, in which they discuss dealing with puberty and getting their driver's licenses. In the summer of 2006, they had a vacation in Texas at the home of a family whose dicephalus twin girls had died at a few hours old.

Filmography

Documentaries and other television appearances include:

First aired	Title	Distributor	Produced by
		valign="top" style="font-size:90%"

References

External links

Category:1990 births Category:Articles about multiple people Category:Conjoined twins Category:Living people Category:People from Carver County, Minnesota Category:Twin people from the United States

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