Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
Name	Venetian
Nativename	Vèneto
States	Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Brazil (States of Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina under the name of Taliàn with some influence of Portuguese and other Northern Italian languages), Mexico (in the city of Chipilo near Puebla a northern Venetian variety, Trevisan-Bellunese, is spoken).
Region	The Adriatic
Speakers	2,280,387 () (some estimate goes up to 5,000,000 people in Triveneto and Istria only)
Familycolor	Indo-European
Fam2	Italic
Fam3	Romance
Fam4	Italo-Western
Fam5	Western
Fam6	Italo-Romance
Iso3	vec|lingua51-AAA-n
Notice	IPA}}

Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken as a native language by over two million people, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where of five million inhabitants almost all can understand it. It is sometimes spoken and often well understood outside Veneto, in Trentino, Friuli, Venezia Giulia, Istria and some towns of Dalmatia, an area of six to seven million people. The language is called ''vèneto'' or ''vènet'' in Venetian, ''veneto'' in Italian; the variant spoken in Venice is called ''venexiàn/venesiàn'' or ''veneziano'', respectively. Although referred to as an Italian dialect (''diałeto'' ''dialetto'') even by its speakers, like other Italian dialects it is a sister language of the national language, not a variety or derivative of it. Venetan (and Venetian proper, the language of Venice) display structural and lexical differences from Italian. Typologically, Venetian is clearly distinct from the Romance languages spoken in North Western Italy, the Gallo-Italic languages.

Neither Venetan nor Venetian should be confused with Venetic, an extinct Indo-European language that was spoken in the Veneto region around the 6th century BC.

History

Venetian descends from Vulgar Latin, Venetian, as a known written language, is attested in the 13th century. We also find influences and parallelism with Greek and Albanian in words such as : ''piròn'' (forket), ''inpiràr'' (to fork), ''carega'' (chair) ''fanela'' (t-shirt).

The language enjoyed substantial prestige in the days of the Venetian Republic, when it attained the status of a lingua franca in the Mediterranean. Notable Venetian-language authors are the playwrights Ruzante (1502–1542) and Carlo Goldoni (1707–1793). Both Ruzante and Goldoni, following the old Italian theater tradition (''Commedia dell'Arte''), used Venetian in their comedies as the speech of the common folk. They are ranked among the foremost Italian theatrical authors of all time, and Goldoni's plays are still performed today. Other notable works in Venetian are the translations of the Iliad by Casanova (1725–1798) and Francesco Boaretti, and the poems of Biagio Marin (1891–1985). Notable also is a manuscript titled "Dialogue of Cecco da Ronchiti of Bruzene about the New Star" attributed to Galileo (1564–1642).

However, as a literary language Venetian was overshadowed by the Dante's Tuscan "dialect" and the French languages like Provençal and the Oïl languages.

Even before the demise of the Republic, Venetian gradually ceased to be used for administrative purposes in favor of Tuscan that had been proposed and used as a vehicle for a common Italian culture strongly supported by eminent Venetian humanists and poets, from Pietro Bembo (1470–1547), a crucial figure in the development of the Italian language itself, to Ugo Foscolo (1778–1827).

At present, virtually all its speakers are diglossic, and use Venetian only in informal contexts. The present situation raises questions about the language's medium term survival. Despite recent steps to recognize it, the language remains far below the threshold of inter-generational transfer with younger generations preferring standard Italian in many situations. The dilemma is further complicated by the ongoing large-scale arrival of immigrants who only speak or learn standard Italian.

In the past however, Venetian was able to spread to other continents as a result of mass migration from the Veneto region between 1870 and 1905 and 1945 and 1960. This is itself a by-product of the 1866 annexation because the latter subjected the poorest sectors of the population to the vagaries of a newly integrated, developing industrial economy so-called national economy centered on north-western Italy. Tens of thousands of peasants and craftsmen were thrown off the land or out of their workshop, forced to seek better fortune overseas.

Venetian migrants created large Venetian-speaking communities in Argentina, Brazil (see Talian), Mexico (see Chipilo Venetian dialect), where the language is still spoken today. Internal migrations under the Fascist regime also sent many Venetian speakers to other regions of Italy like southern Lazio.

Presently, some firms have chosen to use the Venetian language in advertising as a famous beer did some years ago (''Xe foresto solo el nome'' - only the name is foreign). In other cases Italian advertisements are given a "Venetian flavour" by adding a Venetian word: for instance an airline used the verb "xe" (''Xe'' sempre più grande - It is always bigger) into an Italian sentence (the correct Venetian being ''el xe senpre pi grando'') to advertise new flights from Marco Polo Airport.

On March 28, 2007 the Regional Council of Vèneto officially recognized the existence of the Venetian Language (Łéngua Vèneta) by passing with an almost unanimous vote a law on the "tutela e valorizzazione della lingua e della cultura veneta" (''Law on the Protection and Valorisation of the Venetian Language and Culture'') with the vote of both governing and opposition parties.

Geographic distribution

Venetian is spoken mainly in the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia and in both Slovenia and Croatia (Istria, Dalmatia and the Kvarner Gulf). Smaller communities are found in Lombardy, Trentino, Emilia Romagna (in Mantova, Rimini, and Forlì), Lazio (Pontine Marshes), and formerly in Romania (Tulcea). It is also spoken in North and South America by the descendants of Italian immigrants. Notable examples of this are the city of Chipilo, Mexico or the Talian dialect spoken in Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Until the middle 20th Century, Venetian was spoken on the Greek Island of Corfu, which had been long under the rule of the Republic of Venice. Moreover Venetian had been adopted by a large proportion of the population of Cefalonia, another Ionian Island, as it was part of the ''Domini da Màr'' for almost three centuries.

Classification

Venetian descends from Vulgar Latin, like all other Romance languages, including Italian and the other Italian dialects. However, in the normal classification of Romance languages it is considered part of the Italo-Romance group.

According to a disputed source such as Ethnologue, Venetian and Italian belong to different sub-branches of the Italo-Western branch: Venetian is considered by this source a member of the Gallo-Iberian group. But most academies and Venetian linguists not only don't classify it as a part of that group, but also they underline its "non-Gallicness", "agallicità" (Alberto Zamboni(1988:522)) and various "anti-Celtic features" (Giovan Battista Pellegrini (1976:425)). For example Venetian retained clear vowels as opposed to rounded front vowels, it didn't develop nasalization, it preserved the final vowels, it didn't palatalize |kt| and |ks| and doesn't present falling diphthongs |ei|, |ou|, whereas, like in the Italian language, the Venetian diphthongization occurs in originally open syllables.

Regional variants

The main regional variants and sub-variants of Venetian are

''Central'' (Padua, Vicenza, Polesine), with about 1,500,000 speakers.

''Eastern/Coastal'' (Venice, Trieste, Grado, Istria, Fiume).

''Western'' (Verona, Trentino).

''North-Central'' (Treviso, most of Pordenonese).

''Northern'' (Belluno, comprising Feltre, Agordo, Cadore, Zoldo Alto).

All these variants are mutually intelligible, with a minimum 92% between the most diverging ones (Central and Western). Modern speakers reportedly can still understand to some extent Venetian texts from the 14th century.

Other noteworthy variants are spoken in

Chioggia,

Pontine Marshes,

Dalmatia, Croatia,

Rio Grande do Sul (Antônio Prado), Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo, Brazil ("Talian"),

Chipilo, Mexico,

Peripheral creole languages along the southern border (nearly extinct).

Grammar

Like most Romance languages, Venetian has mostly abandoned the Latin case system, in favor of prepositions and a more rigid subject–verb–object sentence structure. It has thus become more analytic, if not quite as much as English. Venetian also has the Romance articles, both definite (derived from the Latin demonstrative ''ille'') and indefinite (derived from the numeral ''unus'').

Venetian also retained the Latin concepts of gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural). Unlike the Gallo-Iberian languages, which form plurals by adding ''-s'', Venetian forms plurals in a manner similar to standard Italian. Nouns and adjectives can be modified by suffixes that indicate several qualities such as size, endearment, deprecation, etc. Adjectives (usually postfixed) and articles are inflected to agree with the noun in gender and number, but it is important to mention that the suffix might be deleted because the article is the part that suggests the number. However, Italian is influencing the Venetian Language :

''el gato graso'', the fat (male) cat.

''ła gata grasa'', the fat (female) cat.

''i gati grasi'', the fat (male) cats.

''łe gate grase'', the fat (female) cats.

In conservative Venetian, the article alone may convey the gender:

''i gat gras'', the fat (all males or males and females) cats.

''łe gat gras'', the fat (female) cats.

''el gatòn graso'', the fat big (male) cat.

''ła gatòna grasa'', the fat big (female) cat.

''un bel gateło'', a nice small (male) cat.

''na beła gateła'', a nice small (female) cat.

No native Venetic words seem to have survived in present Venetian, but there may be some traces left in the morphology, such as the morpheme -''esto''/''asto''/''isto'' for the past participle, which can be found in Venetic inscriptions from about 500 BC:

Venetian: ''Mi go fazesto'' ('I have done')

Venetian Italian: ''Mi go fato''

Standard Italian: ''Io ho fatto''

Redundant subject pronouns

A peculiarity of Venetian grammar is a "semi-analytical" verbal flexion, with a compulsory "clitic subject pronoun" before the verb in many sentences, "echoing" the subject as an ending or a weak pronoun. Independent/emphatic pronouns (e.g. ''ti''), on the contrary, are optional. The clitic subject pronoun (''te, el/ła, i/łe'') is used with the 2nd and 3rd person singular, and with the 3rd person plural. This feature may have arisen as a compensation for the fact that the 2nd- and 3rd-person inflections for most verbs, which are still distinct in Italian and many other Romance languages, are identical in Venetian. (The Piedmontese language also has clitic subject pronouns, but the rules are somewhat different.) The function of clitics is particularly visible in long sentences, which do not always have clear intonational breaks to easily tell apart vocative and imperative in sharp commands from exclamations with "shouted indicative". In Venetian the clitic ''el'' marks the indicative verb and its masculine subject, otherwise there is an imperative preceded by a vocative.

Interrogative inflection

Venetian also has a special ''interrogative'' verbal flexion used for direct questions, which also incorporates a redundant pronoun:

Italian: ''(Tu) eri sporco?'' ("Were you dirty?").

Venetian: ''(Ti) jèristu onto?'' or even ''(Ti) xèrito spazo?'' (lit. "You were-you dirty?")

Italian: ''Il cane era sporco?'' ("Was the dog dirty?").

Venetian: ''El can jèreło onto?'' (lit. "The dog was-he dirty?")

or even: ''Jèreło onto el can ?'' (lit. "Was-he dirty the dog ?")

Italian: ''(Tu) ti sei domandato?'' ("Have you asked yourself?").

Venetian: ''(Ti) teto domandà?'' (lit. "You to-yourself have-you asked?")

Auxiliary verbs

Reflexive tenses use the auxiliary verb ''aver'' ("to have"), as in English, German, and Spanish; instead of ''essar'' ("to be"), which would be normal in Italian. The past participle is invariable, unlike Italian:

Italian: ''(Tu) ti sei lavato'' (lit. "(You) yourself are washed").

Venetian: ''(Ti) te te à/ga/ghè lavà'' (lit. "(You) you yourself have washed").

Italian: ''(Loro) si sono svegliati'' (lit. "(They) themselves are awakened").

Venetian: ''(Luri) i se ga/à svejà'' (lit. "(They) they themselves have awakened").

Continuing action

Another peculiarity of the language is the use of the phrase ''eser drìo'' (literally, "to be behind") to indicate continuing action:

Italian: ''Mio padre sta parlando'' ("My father is speaking").

Venetian: ''Mé pare 'l xe drìo(invià) parlàr'' (lit. "My father he is busy speaking").

Indeed the word ''drio=busy/engaged'' also appears in other sentences:

Venetian: '' So' drio i mistieri'' lit. means "I am busy doing the housework" (=I'm doing it)

Venetian: ''Vo drio i mistieri'' lit. means "I go busy with the housework" (=I'm going to do it)

Venetian: ''Mé pare l'è in leto drio (invià) dormir'' lit. means "My father is in bed, busy sleeping" (=My father is sleeping in bed)

Another progressive form uses the construction "essar là che" (lit. "to be there that"):

Venetian: ''Me pàre 'l è là che 'l parla'' (lit. "My father he is there that he speaks").

The use of progressive tenses is more pervasive than in Italian; E.g.

English: "He wouldn't possibly have been speaking to you".

Venetian: ''No 'l sarìa mìa stat/stà drìo parlarte'' (lit. "Not-he would possibly have been behind to speak-to-you").

That construction does not occur in Italian: ''*Non sarebbe mica stato parlandoti'' is not syntactically valid.

Subordinate clauses

Subordinate clauses have double introduction ("whom that", "when that", "which that", "how that"), as in Old English:

Italian: ''So di chi parli'' ("(I) know about whom (you) speak").

Venetian: ''So de chi che te parla'' (lit. "(I) know about whom that you-speak").

As in other Romance languages, the subjunctive mood is widely used in subordinate clauses (although not always). Remarkably, while the use of subjunctive is weakening in many colloquial varieties of Italian, Venetian subjunctive seems to be more resisting. For example, many Italian speakers often hesitate between subjunctive ''che fosse'' 'that...were' and indicative ''che era'' 'that...was' (though this phenomenon is generally sanctioned in the standard form), while almost no Venetian speaker would use the indicative in the following examples. Notice that it is hardly possible to distinguish a colloquial and a standard form, Venetian being used especially in the spoken form.

Std.Italian: ''Credevo che fosse...'' ("I thought that he were...")

Coll. Ital.: ''Credevo che era...'' ("I thought that he was...")

Venetian: ''Credéa/évo che 'l fuse...'' ("I thought that he were...")

Venetian: ''Credéa/évo che 'l *xera...''

For the same reasons, while Italian speakers may accept both ''vada'' and ''vado'' 'I go-subj/indic.' in the colloquial style, nearly everybody would reject the Venetian indicative ''*vo'' in the following context.

Std.Italian: ''E' meglio che vada'' ("I'd better go", lit. "it is better that I go" subj.)

Std.Italian: ''E' meglio che vado'' ("I'd better go", lit. "it is better that I go" indic.)

Venetian: ''Xe mejo che vaga/vae'' ("I'd better go"-subj.)

Venetian: ''Xe mejo che *vo''

Sound system

Venetian has some sounds not present in Italian, an interdental voiceless fricative spelled ''ç'' or ''z(h)'' and similar to English ''th'' in ''thing'' and ''thought'', to Castilian Spanish ''c(e, i)/z'' (as in ''cero'', ''cien'', ''zapato''), Modern Greek θ (theta), and Icelandic Thorn þ/Þ; it occurs, for example, in ''çena/zhena'' (supper), which sounds the same as Castilian Spanish ''cena'' (same meaning). However this sound, which is present only in some varieties of the language (Bellunese, north-Trevisan, some Central Venetian rural areas around Padua, Vicenza and the mouth of the river Po), is sociolinguistically marked as provincial, with most variants using other sounds instead such as , , and . Some variants also present an interdental voiced fricative written "z" (''el pianze'' 's/he cries') but this is often substituted by "voiced-S", i.e. (written ''x'': ''el pianxe'') or (''el piande'').

In some varieties intervocalic L is realized as a soft "evanescent" L (the alternation between evanescent and non-evanescent pronunciation is often represented with one spelling ''ł''). The evanescent pronunciation of this phoneme varies from an almost ''e'' in the region of Venice, to a partially vocalised ''l'' further inland, to null realization in some mountainous areas. Otherwise, in more conservative areas where evanescence does not apply, the pronunciation of ''ł'' collapses with that of a simple L. Thus, for example, ''góndoła'' may sound like ''góndoea'', ''góndola'' or ''góndoa''. In the latter variant, the "ł" spelling also provides orthographic distinction for pairs such as ''scóła/skóła'' 'school' and ''scóa/skóa'' 'broom'.

Venetian, like Spanish, does not have the geminate consonants characteristic of Italian, Tuscan and many other Italian dialects: thus Italian ''fette'', ''palla'', ''penna'' ("slices", "ball", and "pen") are ''fete'', ''bała'', and ''pena'' in Venetian. The masculine singular ending, which is usually ''-o / -e'' in Italian, is often voided in Venetian, particularly in the regional countryside varieties: Italian ''pieno'' ("full") is ''pien'', and ''altare'' is ''altar''. Also, the masculine article ''el'' is often shortened to '' 'l''. However, the extent of vowel dropping depends on the variety. The central-southern varieties display the most reduced dropping (only after -n), the northern variety shows the largest extent of dropping (even after dentals and velars), while eastern and western varieties are in the middle.

Velar N () is also very often encountered in Venetian. It is the ng-sound of English "song". Unlike in Italian and English, every final -n is velar in Venetian. This is clearly heard in the pronunciation of local Venetian surnames, which often end in N as ''Marin'' and ''Manin'' , as well as in common Venetian words such as ''man'' "hand", ''piron'' "fork". (Italian speakers usually change this velar into a (geminate) dental -nn: → and → ).

Sample etymological lexicon

As a direct descent of regional spoken Latin, the Venetian lexicon derives its vocabulary substantially from Latin and (in more recent times) from Tuscan, so that most of its words are cognate with the corresponding words of Italian. Venetian includes however many words derived from other sources (such as Greek, Gothic, and German) that are not cognate with their equivalent words in Italian, such as:

Spelling systems

Traditional system

Venetian does not have an official writing system, but it is traditionally written using the Latin alphabet — sometimes with the addition of a couple of letters and/or diacritics for the sounds that do not exist in Italian, such as ''ç/zh'' for . Otherwise, the traditional spelling rules are mostly those of Italian, except that ''x'' represents , as in English "zero".

As in Italian, the letter ''s'' between vowels usually represents , so one must write ''ss'' in those contexts to represent a voiceless : ''basa'' for ("he/she kisses"), ''bassa'' for ("low"). Also, because of the numerous differences in pronunciation relative to Italian, the grave and acute accents are liberally used to mark both stress and vowel quality: :''à'' , ''á'' , ''è'' , ''é'' , ''ò'' , ''ó'' , ''ù''

Venetian allows the consonant cluster (not present in Italian), which is usually written ''s-c'' or ''s'c'' before ''i'' or ''e'', and ''s-ci'' or ''s'ci'' before other vowels. Examples include ''s-ciarir'' (Italian ''schiarire'', "to clear up"), ''s-cèt'' (''schietto'', "plain clear"), and ''s-ciòp'' (''schioppo'', "gun"). The hyphen or apostrophe is used because the combination ''sc''(''i'') is conventionally used for sound, as in Italian spelling; e.g. ''scèmo'' (''scemo'', "stupid"); whereas ''sc'' before ''a'', ''o'' and ''u'' represents : ''scàtoa'' (''scatola'', "box"), ''scóndar'' (''nascondere'', "to hide"), ''scusàr'' (''scusare'', "to forgive").

However, the traditional spelling is subject to many historical, regional, and even personal variations. In particular, the letter ''z'' has been used to represent different sounds in different written traditions. In Venice and Vicenza, for example, the phonemes and are written ''z'' and ''x'', respectively (''el pianze'' = "he cries", ''el xe'' = "he is"); whereas other traditions have used ''ç'' and ''z'' (''el piançe'' and ''el ze'').

Proposed systems

Recently there have been attempts to standardize and simplify the script, e.g. by using ''x'' for and a single ''s'' for ; then one would write ''baxa'' for ("she kisses") and ''basa'' for ("low"). Another recent convention is to use ''ł'' for the "soft" ''l'', to allow a more unified orthography for all variants of the language. However, in spite of their theoretical advantages, these proposals have not been very successful outside of academic circles, because of regional variations in pronunciation and incompatibility with existing literature.

The Venetian speakers of Chipilo use a system based on Spanish orthography, even though it does not contain letters for and . The American linguist Carolyn McKay proposed a writing system for that variant, based entirely on the Italian alphabet. However, the system was not very popular.

Sample texts

Ruzante returning from war

The following sample, in the old dialect of Padua, comes from a play by Ruzante (Angelo Beolco), titled ''Parlamento de Ruzante che iera vegnù de campo'' ("Dialogue of Ruzante who came from the battlefield", 1529). The character, a peasant returning home from the war, is expressing to his friend Menato his relief at being still alive:

''Orbéntena, el no serae mal'' ''star in campo per sto robare,'' ''se 'l no foesse che el se ha pur'' ''de gran paure. Càncaro ala roba!'' ''A' son chialò mi, ala segura,'' ''e squase che no a' no cherzo'' ''esserghe gnan. [...]'' ''Se mi mo' no foesse mi?'' ''E che a foesse stò amazò in campo?'' ''E che a foesse el me spirito?'' ''Lo sarae ben bela.'' ''No, càncaro, spiriti no magna.''

"Really, it would not be that bad to be in the battlefield looting, were it not that one gets also big scares. Damn the loot! I am right here, in safety, and almost can't believe I am. [...] And if I were not me? And if I had been killed in battle? And if I were my ghost? That would be just great. No, damn, ghosts don't eat."

Discorso de Perasto

The following sample is taken from the ''Perasto Speech'' (''Discorso de Perasto''), given on August 23, 1797 at Perasto, by Venetian Captain Giuseppe Viscovich, at the last lowering of the flag of the Venetian Republic (nicknamed the "Republic of Saint Mark").

''Par trezentosetantasete ani'' ''le nostre sostanse, el nostro sangue,'' ''le nostre vite le xè sempre stàe'' ''par Ti, S.Marco; e fedelisimi'' ''senpre se gavemo reputà,'' ''Ti co nu, nu co Ti,'' ''e sempre co Ti sul mar'' ''semo stài lustri e virtuosi.'' ''Nisun co Ti ne gà visto scanpar,'' ''nisun co Ti ne gà visto vinti e spaurosi!''''

"For three hundred and seventy seven years our bodies, our blood our lives have always been for You, St. Mark; and very faithful we have always thought ourselves, You with us, we with You, And always with You on the sea we have been illustrious and virtuous. No one has seen us with You flee, No one has seen us with You defeated and fearful!"

Francesco Artico

The following is a contemporary text by Francesco Artico. The elderly narrator is recalling the church choir singers of his youth, who, needless to say, sang much better than those of today:

''Sti cantori vèci da na volta,'' ''co i cioéa su le profezie,'' ''in mezo al coro, davanti al restèl,'' ''co'a ose i 'ndéa a cior volta'' ''no so 'ndove e ghe voéa un bèl tóc'' ''prima che i tornésse in qua'' ''e che i rivésse in cao,'' ''màssima se i jèra pareciàdi onti'' ''co mezo litro de quel bon'' ''tant par farse coràjo.''

"These old singers of the past, when they picked up the Prophecies, in the middle of the choir, in front of the gate, with their voice they went off who knows where, and it was a long time before they came back and landed on the ground, especially if they had been previously "oiled" with half a litre of the good one [wine] just to make courage."

English words of Venetian origin

Venetian source	! English loanword	! Notes
arsenà	arsenal	via Italian; from Arabic ''dār aṣ-ṣināʿah'' 'house of work/skills, factory'
artichioco	artichoke
balota	ballot
casin	casino
schiao	ciao
contrabando	contraband
gazeta	gazette
g(h)eto	ghetto
ziro	giro
gnoco, -chi	gnocchi
gondola	gondola
laguna	lagoon
lazareto	Lazaretto, lazaret
Lido di Venezia	Lido	lido
lo(t)to	lottery>lotto
malvasia	malmsey
marzapan	marzipan >
negro ponte	Negroponte
monte negro	Montenegro
Pantalone	Pantalon	pantaloon
pestachio	pistachio
quarantena	quarantine
regata	regatta
scampo, -i	scampi
zechin	sequin
Zanni	zany
zero	zero

See also

Venetian literature

Papa Nero, a reggae song in Venetian

Talian

Chipilo Venetian

Venetian Snares

References

External links

General Language:

Sitoveneto — information on the language, in Venetian, Italian, and English. Advocates a unified script. Venetian Keyboard Layout for Windows

Vèneto Arkìvio

Brief description

Description of the Venetian dialect of Chipilo, in Spanish.

Linguaveneta Online translator(ENG-VEN-ITA),dictionary,grammar,unified script,children teaching

Dictionaries

Webster's Venetian-English Dictionary

El Galepin: Venetian-English-Italian Dictionary

Dizsionario: Dictionary of Venetian language and its varieties

Audio-Video Streaming

Tornén un pas indrìo! — samples of written and spoken Venetian by Francesco Artico

Text and audio of some works by Ruzante

Veneta TV Venetian language video streaming TV

Language and Culture:

Review of a Goldoni play in Italian and Venetian performed in July 2005 at the Lincoln Center, New York.

Raixe Venete — Venetian site in Venetian Language

Quatro Ciàcoe — Venetian language magazine

Category:Languages of Veneto Category:Languages of Friuli-Venezia Giulia Category:Languages of Croatia

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Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
name	VenetianPrincess
birth name	Jodie Rivera
birth date	April 22, 1984
birth place	Massachusetts, United States
nationality	American
years active	2006–present
known for	Comedy, Parody, Musical
influences	"Weird Al" Yankovic
website	vprincess.com
web alias	VenetianPrincess
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}} Jodie Rivera (born April 22, 1984), also known as, VenetianPrincess, is a YouTube Internet personality who became known worldwide in 2006. She was #1 most subscribed female in the world from February 2008 - August 2010 when her channel became a corporate franchise. Rivera is of Swedish and Italian ancestry, and grew up in Brockton, MA. Her videos are usually parodies of songs and events in pop culture. She has over 1,000,000 subscribers, and has had over 350 million video views. She gained notoriety in 2006 after being featured on the front page of YouTube, and then in 2007 was one of the first people invited into YouTube's revenue sharing program. In December 2008, Samsung announced that her music video for her original song "Somewhere Else" is the pre-installed video on all Samsung Behold cell phones. PC World Magazine named her "7 Things Guys Don't Have To Do" music video one of the top 10 viral videos of 2008.

Background

She studied opera as a coloratura soprano at the New England Conservatory of Music, in Boston, Massachusetts. She has since performed in several professional U.S. stage productions, including the touring production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's ''The Phantom of the Opera'' in which she played Christine Daaé.

Her official biography lists her background in modeling, including her most recent title of Miss Massachusetts State Queen.

Videos

She became popular for her episodic series ''The Princess Chronicles'' (formerly known as ''"The Disclosed Series''"). The series was known for its elaborate editing and visual effects. Episodes 1 - 8 keep the title of "Disclosed," as those installments disclose the story of the princess's life in her Venetian palace. ''The Princess Chronicles'' begin at Episode 9 and start the story of her adventures around the world. Each episode introduces new magical and eccentric characters, all played by herself disguised in elaborate costumes.

She shoots her videos in her bedroom closet in front of a green screen with no help with filming or post-production. She uses Final Cut Pro to edit her videos, on a Mac Pro, using Chroma Key for her videos, to create different settings. She cites Tim Burton and Terry Gilliam as favorite directors.

Her YouTube channel now primarily consists of assorted comedic skits, original music videos, and a murder mystery series called ''Cirque de Mystère'', which takes place in a traveling circus of the early 1940s.

On July 9, 2008, VenetianPrincess made a spoof of Miley Cyrus' 7 Things video. The original song was "7 Things"; her version covered the 7 things (and more) guys don't have to do, that females do. The video received 3 million views within its first month of being posted. It has since been favorited more than 160,000 times- making it one of the top favorited of all videos on YouTube. It is one of the most discussed videos of all time with over 120,000 comments. The video has received over 22 million views, and was one of the top 10 most viewed videos of 2008.

VenetianPrincess' "I Kissed A Girl" Elderly Remix Parody has received over 32 million hits (several million more views than the actual music video posted by Katy Perry's record label, Capital Records) and was played on BBC radio on October 26, 2008.

Other notable videos include her "Womanizer" parody, featuring other YouTube celebrities playing nerds such as nigahiga, Dave Days and Tay Zonday. It has been viewed over 37 million times. Another one is the "Outer Space" parody of Lady Gaga's "Poker Face" featuring Lady Gaga as an extraterrestrial, with over 47 million views. She has released an album ''Video Girl'' through DFTBA Records, which contained numerous parodies, including the ones seen in her videos and new ones. Another notable video is a collaboration with makemebad35 on the video "Drunken Genie" (known as "My Pretty Genie on makemebad35's channel), in which she plays a genie trapped in a bottle.

Press

In 2007, she received media coverage for her videos, with appearances on Fox News, Boston, Fox News Milwaukee, and ABC News Boston. She was interviewed on Massachusetts radio station JAMN 94.5, and a two-page article was also written about her in the Boston Herald on June 18, 2007. A segment about her videos was presented by Bill Weir on ABC's first episode of television series ''I-Caught'', airing on August 7, 2007.

On February 10, 2008, an article about VenetianPrincess was featured in the Boston Globe. On February 11, 2008, another large article was printed in the Brockton Enterprise.

In April 2008, VenetianPrincess' "Hillary, Be My Best Friend" parody video went viral with over 800,000 views in just over 2 days. The video received press coverage from CNN, FOX News, NBC News, The Washington Post, VH1.com, and Hotair.com.

In July 2008, VenetianPrincess and MakeMeBad35's video collaboration of "Drunken Genie" (as titled on VenetianPrincess' channel) and "My Pretty Genie" (as titled on MakeMeBad35's channel) got an Epic Fail on Attack of the Show on G4. The hosts on the show have also chosen VenetianPrincess one of the top hottest women of the web for three consecutive weeks.

In February 2009, VenetianPrincess made a video about Nadya Suleman titled "Octo-Mom Song." The video was mentioned in several national magazines and newspapers including the LA Times, USA Today, Radar Online, Trendhunter Magazine, Entrevue Magazine, And Don't Miss Magazine. She has also made parodies about the Jonas Brothers.

On August 10, 2009 VenetianPrincess' Transformers 2 Parody was shown on MTV on the It's On with Alexa Chung Show. Alexa Chung commented "Megan Fox's acting was amazing in that video", referring to VP's portrayal of Megan Fox.

Acting career

As a child, Jodie appeared in the motion picture Hocus Pocus in 1993 as Emily Binx. She has since appeared in two episodes of HBO's web show Elevator: Drunk Dial and Telemarketer. She has also produced videos for MTV, Universal Pictures, ABC, and other major brands. In December 2010, it was reported that she earns an estimated $1.5 million a year from her promotions, public appearances, and brand endorsements outside of YouTube.

Awards/Rank Achievements

Samsung announced Jodie as the $10,000 winner of their National Talent Search "Juke Box Hero Contest". Her music video for her original song "Somewhere Else" is now the pre-installed video on all T-Mobile cell phones.

In March 2008, G4TV named her one of the hottest women of the web on two separate television segments.

PC World Magazine named her "7 Things Guys Don't Have To Do" music video one of the top 10 viral videos of 2008.

In April 2009, she won the title of Miss YouTube.

In December 2009, YouTube named her "Outerspace" music video, one of the Most Memorable Videos of 2009.

In December 2010, YouTube named her "Snooki Song" music video, one of the Most Memorable Videos of 2010.

Publications

Books

Jodie is written about in the nationwide published (8/10/09) book ''YouTube and Video Marketing An Hour A Day'' by Greg Jarboe.

Jodie is also written about in another recently nationally published book (11/10/10) ''Beyond Viral'' by Kevin H. Nalty.

Magazines

Jodie was featured in a spread in Spain's largest magazine, ''El País Magazine'' (12/11/09).

Jodie was also featured in a spread in India's top English-printed magazine, ''DNA Magazine'' (9/13/09).

She has also been profiled in several celebrity magazines overseas including France's ''Premier Magazine'' and Israel's "Teen Magazine."

Discography

Albums

2009: Video Girl

Music Videos/Parody Singles

''Brangelina, Adopt Me Too'' (2007) - 3:31

''Hillary, Be My Best Friend'' (2008) - 3:22

''Bad Mom Song'' (2008) - 1:43

''I Got A Crush On...Giuliani'' (2008) - 1:39

''7 Things Guys Don't Have To Do'' (2008) - 2:39

''I Kissed A Girl (Elderly Mix)'' (2008) - 3:18

''Tinseltown Nanny (2008)'' - 2:50

''Jonas Brothers Addict Anthem'' (2008) 2:12

''Womanizer'' (2008) 2:47

''Octo-Mom Song'' (2009) 1:30

''Outer Space'' (2009) 4:38

''Just a Zombie'' (2009) 1:55

''You'll Look Like Poo'' (2009) 3:41

''Britney Spears-3-Parody ("Speidi Free")'' (2009) 2:32

''The Snooki Song" (Parody of Tik Tok By Ke$ha)'' (2010) 1:27

''Accident Prone (Parody of Telephone By Lady Gaga)'' (2010) 2:09

''I'm A Gleek (Parody of Firework By Katy Perry)'' (2010) 2:23

''Crush On A Yeti (Parody of Hold It Against Me By Britney Spears)'' (2011) 2:30

''Charlie Sheen (Quotes) (Parody of ET By Katy Perry)'' (2011) 1:46

''The Edge Of Glory (Cover of the same song by Lady Gaga)'' (2011) 3:25

''I Gotta Go (Parody Of I Wanna Go By Britney Spears) '' (2011) 1:56

List of Characters Played by Jodie

Celebrities

Britney Spears ("Bad Mom Song", "Womanizer Parody", "3 Parody - Speidi Free", "Crush On A Yeti", "I Gotta Go") -music videos

Miley Cyrus ("A Miley Cyrus Christmas","Miley Cyrus vs. Selena Gomez - Girls Duke it Out","Miley Cyrus- 7 things parody","You'll Look Like Poo", "Let's Beat Miley") -music videos/sketch

Billy Ray Cyrus ("A Miley Cyrus Christmas") -music video

Selena Gomez ("Miley Cyrus vs. Selena Gomez - Girls Duke it Out") -sketch

The Jonas Brothers ("Jonas Brothers Interactive Compatibility Game") -interactive game/sketch

Lady Gaga ("Outer Space" - Poker Face Parody, Accident Prone - Telephone Parody) -music video

Nadya Suleman ("Octo-Mom Song") -music video

Angelina Jolie ("Tube Raider - Lara Croft Saves YouTube") -sketch

Megan Fox ("Transformers 2 Parody - Revenge of The Twiticons") -sketch

Katy Perry ("I Kissed A Girl" Parody - Elderly Remix", "Charlie Sheen (Quotes)") -music video

Taylor Swift ("Just A Zombie - You Belong With Me Parody") -music video

Tom Cruise ("Tinseltown Nanny") -music video

Katie Holmes (Tinseltown Nanny") -music video

Suri Cruise ("Tinseltown Nanny") -music video

Lindsay Lohan ("Tinseltown Nanny") -music video

Michael Jackson ("Tinseltown Nanny") -music video

Dorothy ("Dorothy Goes To Hollywood East") -sketch

Billy Mays ("Susan Boyle, Billy Mays, and Me") -sketch

Susan Boyle ("Susan Boyle, Billy Mayes, and Me") -sketch

Adam Lambert ("Adam Lambert's New Confession") -sketch

Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi ("Tik Tok" parody) - music video

Random Characters

Genie ("Drunken Genie") -sketch

Ghosts ("Comment to Save Your Soul") -short film

Stewardess ("Fear of Flying") -sketch

Tobias Clefton [Cheesey Game Show Host] ("Jonas Brothers Interactive Compatibility Game") -interactive game/sketch

Dorky School Principal ("Adam Lambert's New Confession")

Supergirl ("Man of Steel, Woman of Kleenex")

Emo Chick ("I'm A Gleek") -music video

Original Characters

Joan Shivers ("For The Miley Haters", "Princess Caught Going Wild", "Ysabellabrave & VenetianPrincess In Trouble" "YouTube Tonight-Juicy Dirt on YouTube Celebs") -sketch

Tinseltown Nanny (A.K.A. Nanny P) -music video

Original Series Characters

Catarina (Cirque de Mystère- Episodes 1 & 2)

The Ice Princess (Princess Chronicles- "Icy Obstacles")

Edmund, the ogre (Princess Chronicles (all episodes)

Elizabeth Ostrich (Princess Chronicles "The Dead Sea", "Quest For The Key")

Mystical Sea Urchin (Princess Chronicles "The Dead Sea")

The Oyster Empress (Princess Chronicles "The Oyster Empress")

Pirates (Princess Chronicles "Quest For The Key")

The Sky Boat Renter (Princess Chronicles "Quest For The Key")

The Sky Fisherman (Princess Chronicles "Quest For The Key")

Ethereal, The Sky Goddess (Princess Chronicles "Quest For The Key")

Claudius and Larithius, the Cherubs (Princess Chronicles "Quest For The Key")

Clovis (Princess Chronicles "Lunar Island")

Moonlings (Princess Chronicles "Lunar Island")

The Lunar Empress (Princess Chronicles "Lunar Island")

Lunar Lagoon Mermaids (Princess Chronicles "Lunar Island")

Water Lilies (Princess Chronicles "Lunar Island")

Behind the Name: VenetianPrincess

The Official YouTube Blog did a write-up about VP's username and asked her where her username came from. This is what she said:

"When I created my YouTube account back in 2006, culture and mystique, from its colorful venetian masks to its gondolas. I thought it would make for a good video setting. The princess part was my paying homage to my idol, the late Princess Diana. I’m also a Disney fan, so it has two meanings to me."

References

External links

Official Website

Steve Goldstein's Music Blog

Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:American people of Swedish descent Category:American people of Italian descent Category:American Internet personalities Category:New England Conservatory alumni Category:DFTBA Records artists

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