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Klm
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Albert Plesman
Dr. Albert Plesman (7 September 1889 – 31 December 1953) was a Dutch pioneer in aviation and co-founder of KLM.
http://wn.com/Albert_Plesman -
Ernst van der Beugel
Ernst van der Beugel (2 February 1918, Amsterdam - 29 September 2004, The Hague) was a Dutch economist, businessman, diplomat, and politician.
http://wn.com/Ernst_van_der_Beugel -
Henkes
http://wn.com/Henkes -
L. M. van Wijk
Leo M. van Wijk (born 18 October 1946, Amsterdam) is a Dutch executive, and former president and CEO of KLM and vice-chairman of Air France-KLM S.A.
http://wn.com/L_M_van_Wijk -
Maurizio Giuliano
Maurizio Giuliano (born 1975) is an Italian-English traveller, author and journalist. As of 2004 he was, according to the Guinness Book of World Records, the youngest person to have visited all sovereign nations of the world. During several periods, he worked for international organizations in the field of media relations.
http://wn.com/Maurizio_Giuliano -
Nazi war criminals
http://wn.com/Nazi_war_criminals -
Peter Hartman
Peter F. Hartman (born 1949, Curaçao) is a Dutch executive, and president and CEO of KLM and vice-chairman of Air France-KLM.
http://wn.com/Peter_Hartman -
Sichuan Airlines
Sichuan Airlines Co., Ltd. () is an airline headquartered on the grounds of Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport in Chengdu, Sichuan in the People's Republic of China. It is a regional airline operating mainly scheduled domestic services. Its main base is Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport (CTU), Chengdu, with a hub at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport (CKG).
http://wn.com/Sichuan_Airlines
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4 KLM
http://wn.com/4_KLM -
Air Europa
Air Europa Líneas Aéreas, S.A.U. is the third largest airline in Spain after Iberia and Vueling. The airline is headquartered in the Centro Empresarial Globalia in Llucmajor, Majorca, Spain. It operates inclusive tour services between northern and western Europe and holiday resorts in the Canary Islands and Balearic Islands. It also operates domestic scheduled services and long-haul scheduled services to North America and South America. Its main base is Palma de Mallorca Airport, Palma de Mallorca.
http://wn.com/Air_Europa -
Alaska
Alaska () is the largest state of the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. Approximately half of Alaska's 698,473 residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of 2009, Alaska remains the least densely populated state of the U.S.
http://wn.com/Alaska -
Amstelveen
is a suburban municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is part of the metropolitan area of Amsterdam. The municipality of Amstelveen consists of the following villages and/or districts: Amstelveen, Bovenkerk, Westwijk, Nes aan de Amstel, Ouderkerk aan de Amstel (partly). The name Amstelveen comes from 'Amstel', a local river, and 'veen', meaning fen, peat, or moor.
http://wn.com/Amstelveen -
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam -
Anchorage
http://wn.com/Anchorage -
Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital, largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (, pronounced ), or กรุงเทพฯ Krung Thep (, meaning "city of angels" for short, it was a small trading post at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom. It came to the forefront of Siam when it was given the status as the capital city in 1768 after the burning of Ayutthaya. However, the current Rattanakosin Kingdom did not begin until 1782 when the capital was moved across the river by Rama I after the death of King Taksin. The Rattanakosin capital is now more formally called "Phra Nakhon" (), pertaining to the ancient boundaries in the metropolis' core and the name Bangkok now incorporates the urban build-up since the 18th century which has its own public administration and governor.
http://wn.com/Bangkok -
Bari
Bari (Bari dialect: Bàre; from Latin: Barium) is the capital city of the province of Bari and of the Apulia (or, in Italian, Puglia) region, on the Adriatic Sea, in Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy after Naples, and is well known as a port and university city, as well as the city of Saint Nicholas. The city itself has a decreasing population of about 320,000, as of 2009, over 116 km², while the fast-growing urban area counts 653,028 inhabitants over 203 km². Another 500,000 people live in the metropolitan area.
http://wn.com/Bari -
BOAC Flight 777
BOAC Flight 777-A, a scheduled British Overseas Airways Corporation civilian airline flight on 1 June 1943 from Portela Airport in Lisbon, Portugal to Whitchurch Airport near Bristol, United Kingdom, was attacked by eight German Junkers Ju 88s and crashed into the Bay of Biscay, killing 17 "souls on board" including several notable passengers, most prominent being actor Leslie Howard.
http://wn.com/BOAC_Flight_777 -
Bushehr
Bushehr (Persian:بوشهر /Būšehr/), pop. 165,377 (in 2005 ), is a city on the southwestern coast of Iran, on the Persian Gulf. It is the chief seaport of the country and the administrative centre of Bushehr province. Its location is 28° 59' N, 50° 49' E, about south of Tehran. The local climate is hot and humid.
http://wn.com/Bushehr -
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (, also known as the Canaries; , ; ) are a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish Autonomous Community and an Outermost Region of the European Union. The islands include (from largest to smallest): Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro, La Graciosa, Alegranza and Montaña Clara.
http://wn.com/Canary_Islands -
Croydon Airport
Croydon Airport (ICAO: EGCR) was an airport in South London which straddled the boundary between what are now the London boroughs of Croydon and Sutton. Croydon was the first airport in the world to introduce air traffic control, in 1921. It was the main airport for London before it was replaced by Northolt Aerodrome, London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport. Both the terminal building and entrance lodge are Grade II listed buildings.
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Curacao
http://wn.com/Curacao -
Curaçao
Curaçao (; , Papiamentu: Kòrsou) is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, off the Venezuelan coast. The Country of Curaçao (Dutch: Land Curaçao, Papiamentu: Pais Kòrsou), which includes the main island plus the small, uninhabited island of Klein Curaçao ("Little Curaçao"), is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its capital is Willemstad.
http://wn.com/Curaçao -
Dubai
Dubai ( ; ) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature.
http://wn.com/Dubai -
Dublin Airport
Dublin Airport (), is operated by the Dublin Airport Authority. Located in Collinstown, in the Fingal part of County Dublin, 20.5 million passengers passed through the airport in 2009. Dublin Airport is the busiest airport in the Republic of Ireland, followed by Cork and Shannon. It is the busiest on the island of Ireland followed by Belfast, Cork and Shannon.
http://wn.com/Dublin_Airport -
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England -
Haarlemmermeer
Haarlemmermeer () is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is a polder, consisting of land reclaimed from water, and the name Haarlemmermeer means Haarlem's Lake, still referring to the body of water from which the region was reclaimed in the 19th century.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq -
Ireland
Ireland (,; , ; Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
http://wn.com/Ireland -
KLM Flight 4805
http://wn.com/KLM_Flight_4805 -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Malta
Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
http://wn.com/Malta -
Manchester Airport
Manchester Airport is a major airport located at Ringway in the City of Manchester within Greater Manchester, UK, and is the busiest airport in the country outside the London region making it the 4th busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, 3rd in terms of total aircraft movements and overall the 17th busiest airport in Europe as of 2009.
http://wn.com/Manchester_Airport -
Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands -
New York
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
http://wn.com/New_York -
Pan Am Flight 1736
http://wn.com/Pan_Am_Flight_1736 -
RAF Mildenhall
RAF Mildenhall is a Royal Air Force (RAF) station located at Mildenhall in Suffolk, England. Despite its status as an RAF station, it primarily supports United States Air Force operations. It is currently the home of the 100th Air Refueling Wing (100 ARW). A United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) unit, the 100 ARW is RAF Mildenhall's "host wing," supporting some 16,000 personnel, three geographically separated units (GSUs) and 15 associated units.
http://wn.com/RAF_Mildenhall -
Schiphol
http://wn.com/Schiphol -
Schiphol Airport
http://wn.com/Schiphol_Airport -
Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
http://wn.com/Scotland -
Sevenoaks
Sevenoaks is a Kentish Commuter Town situated on the London fringe of west Kent, England, some 20 miles (31.2 km) south-east of Charing Cross, on one of the principal commuter rail lines from the capital. The town gives its name to the Sevenoaks district, of which it is the principal town, followed by Swanley and Edenbridge.
http://wn.com/Sevenoaks -
Shere
{{infobox UK place
http://wn.com/Shere -
Sweden
Sweden (pronounced , ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany, and Poland to the south, and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia to the east. Sweden is also connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
http://wn.com/Sweden -
Sydney Airport
Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport (also known as Kingsford-Smith Airport and Sydney Airport) is located in the suburb of Mascot in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is the major airport serving Sydney, and is a major hub for Qantas.
http://wn.com/Sydney_Airport -
Taipei
Taipei City (; literally "Northern Taiwan City") is the largest city of Taiwan and the capital of the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan"). Situated at the tip of the island, Taipei is located on the Danshui River, and is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, its port on the Pacific Ocean. Another coastal city, Danshui, is about 20 km northwest at the river's mouth on the Taiwan Strait. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Danshui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,607,428 people. Taipei City, Taipei County, and Keelung City together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,776,264. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper.
http://wn.com/Taipei -
Tenerife disaster
http://wn.com/Tenerife_disaster -
Tokyo
, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
http://wn.com/Tokyo -
Toronto
Toronto (, colloquially or ) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which is home to over 8.1 million residents—approximately 25% of Canada's population. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,113,149, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 5,555,912 in the 2006 Census.
http://wn.com/Toronto -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Vietnam Airlines
Vietnam Airlines Company Limited (), trading as Vietnam Airlines (), is the national flag carrier of Vietnam. It was established as a state enterprise in April 1989, and is headquartered in the Long Bien district of Hanoi, with hubs at Noi Bai International Airport and Tan Son Nhat International Airport. From there, the airline flies to 46 destinations in 19 countries, excluding codeshares, using its fleet of 70 aircraft.
http://wn.com/Vietnam_Airlines -
Waalhaven
The Waalhaven is one of various harbours in the Port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands and used to be home to an airport, Vliegveld Waalhaven (Waalhaven Airport). It was the first civilian airport in the Netherlands and was opened in 1920.
http://wn.com/Waalhaven
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RELEASE
ALBUMS
Tools: Use checked songs to create your playlist
- Brødrene Dal og Professor Drøvels Hemmelighet-vignett
- Vi er Brødrene Dal
- Huskesang
- Gaus, Roms og Brumund
- Curium Umulium Spektral Spektral
- Brumunds sang
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- Det spøker
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- Brødrene Dal: Sluttvignett
- Torsken kommer
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- Gaus, Roms & Brumund
- Curium Umulium Spektral Spektral
- Brumunds sang
- Fortellersang
- Det spøker
- Huskesang
- Robinson Caruso
- Balladen om Roms "The Kid" Dal
- Brødrene Dal / Vignettmusikk
- Bare Gro
- Norske menn
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- OFK på FM 101
- Menn i slips og hatt
- Mareritt
- Stammesang
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- Ferietid
- Lappen
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- Min japanske bil
- Noe helt annet
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KLM Surprise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Published: 08 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 08 Feb 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
In the past weeks we have been committing little acts of kindness because we wanted to discover how happiness spreads. Have a look to see what happened.. Also see: surprise.klm.com
http://wn.com/KLM_Surprise
KLM - Environmentally Friendly Painting System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Published: 30 May 2011
- Uploaded: 09 Feb 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
In the Deco Bay of KLM Hangar 14 at Schiphol Oost, KLM Engineering & Maintenance paints our planes with electrostatic spraying equipment. With this painting technique the paint is 'attracted' by the 'earthed' (ie not electrostatically charged) airplane, with considerable attention to safety and the environment. See how it's done or read more about it at blog.klm.com
http://wn.com/KLM__Environmentally_Friendly_Painting_System
Thank you KLM Facebook fans
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:52
- Published: 31 Jan 2012
- Uploaded: 08 Feb 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
A lot of thank-you's from KLM staff celebrating 1 million Facebook fans, a big milestone!
http://wn.com/Thank_you_KLM_Facebook_fans
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines KL835 Singapore to Bali (Denpasar)
It was my first time travelling with KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and on a new Boeing B777-300ER aircraft. I had a wonderful time onboard and was a very nice start for my holiday in Bali. Oh, pardon my uneasiness on camera, a newbie just trying out my hand at vlogging. Feel free to check out my flight blog @ rvxkaz.tumblr.com or my facebook page: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/KLM_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_KL835_Singapore_to_Bali_Denpasar
KLM Boeing B747-400 Landing at New York JFK Cockpit view
Landing runway 04R at New York JFK airport. View from cockpit taken with Canon Powershot S80.
http://wn.com/KLM_Boeing_B747-400_Landing_at_New_York_JFK_Cockpit_view
FSX - KLM 90th anniversary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Published: 07 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 06 Feb 2012
- Author: pikemaster92
KLM becomes 90 years officially today, so a reason for a movie, worked 2 weeks on this and the editing was horrible to do, but this is the result. Planes / secenery used: - FlyTampa Dubai - Boeing 747-400 / 747/300 (POSKY) - PMDG MD-11 - Boeing 737-900 / 737-800 (POSKY) (also retrojet) - Wilco 777-200ER / 777-300ER (also Flying blue and Skyteam colors) - CLS Airbus A330-200 - Embraer 190 (AV-SIM) - Fokker 50 (AV-SIM) - Piper Archer II KLM Luchtvaartschool FS2004 - Digital Aviation Fokker 70 / 100 - cloud9 Schiphol KLM was founded on 7 October 1919, making it the oldest carrier in the world still operating under its original name, though the company stopped operating during the Second World War - apart from the operations in the Dutch Antilles in the Caribbean. The first KLM flight was on 17 May 1920, from Croydon Airport, London to Amsterdam carrying two British journalists and a number of newspapers. It was flown by an Aircraft Transport and Travel Airco DH.16, callsign G-EALU, piloted by Jerry Shaw. In 1920 KLM carried 440 passengers and 22 tons of freight. In 1921 KLM started scheduled services. By 1926 it was offering flights to Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Brussels, Paris, London, Bremen, Copenhagen, and Malmo; using primarily Fokker F2 & Fokker F.III.[4] KLM was also the first airline to fly to Manchester Airport, using a DC-2 via Doncaster. Intercontinental service to the Netherlands East Indies (today's Republic of Indonesia) started in 1929. This was for several years <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/FSX__KLM_90th_anniversary
KLM Surprise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Published: 28 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 29 Jan 2012
- Author: TheLiquidID
An innovative Social Media campaign from KLM posed the question - can Social Media bring a smile to your customers faces and can it generate new custom?
http://wn.com/KLM_Surprise
Airbus A380 Contrail as seen from KLM Cockpit Boeing B747-400
A huge contrail from an Airbus A380 as seen from cockpit of a Boeing B747 above the South China Sea. We were warned by a HongKong air traffic controller. That's why we were able to film this event. Apologies for shaky camera movements at the end. The Airbus was going too fast to be able to follow it smoothly.
http://wn.com/Airbus_A380_Contrail_as_seen_from_KLM_Cockpit_Boeing_B747-400
KLM MD-11! (PMDG)
Ihope you subscribe for daily aviation entertainment! Subscribe and keep up with my other new channel! www.youtube.com Let's be friends on Facebook! www.facebook.com Follow me on Twitter too! www.twitter.com KLM MD-11! (PMDG) was created under Microsoft's Game Content Usage Rules using assets from Flight Simulator 2004, © Microsoft Corporation.
http://wn.com/KLM_MD-11!_PMDG
KLM Tile & Inspire: The Making Of
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 28 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Feb 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
An amazing result of a worldwide competition. About 4000 Delft blue portraits on the KLM Tile & Inspire 777-200, inspiring people worldwide. KLM Tile & Inspire: Thank you for inspiring us.
http://wn.com/KLM_Tile_Inspire_The_Making_Of
KLM Economy Comfort Product with Ramana at Manchester Airport T2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Published: 16 Feb 2010
- Uploaded: 10 Feb 2012
- Author: ianhowarthphotograph
KLM Launch their new Economy Comfort product at Manchester Airport T2 with Ramana on the 16th February
http://wn.com/KLM_Economy_Comfort_Product_with_Ramana_at_Manchester_Airport_T2
KLM Boeing B747-400 Landing St. Maarten Cockpit view
Landing St.Maarten from cockpit 747. After nosewheel landing camera touched windshield causing crackling noise. For those viewers who made comments (or new viewers who are thinking about making the comment) that this approach is too high and/or too fast or whatever else you might think, here some "free flying lessons" from someone who's flying B747's for 20 years: On an approach on instruments a B747 should cross the runway threshold (= the piano keys) with the main wheels at ± 35 ft above threshold. The 747 is so big that at that point the altitude of the cockpit is 35 ft higher, so the cockpit is at ± 70 ft when main wheels cross the threshold. On a visual approach, as is the case here at St.Maarten, we have to have some more margin. Normally the pilot aims to see the runway threshold disappear under the nose at 80 ft (add 35 ft for cockpit height, so when threshold disappears under the nose, the cockpit is at 115 ft) to have sufficient main wheel clearance. If you look at the video and notice the altitude callouts, you'll see the threshold disappear under the nose at the call 50, so actually I am a bit too low in stead of too high. (In fact I am only too low for a visual approach. If you look at my landing at JFK www.youtube.com you will see that I cross the threshold also at 50 ft, which is normal on an instrument approach. Note: the automatic altitude callouts you hear on this video are Radio Altimeter altitudes. The Radio Alt is zero when the main gear is on the <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/KLM_Boeing_B747-400_Landing_St_Maarten_Cockpit_view
KLM to use social media to let passengers choose seatmate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Published: 16 Dec 2011
- Uploaded: 11 Feb 2012
- Author: NMAWorldEdition
www.nma.tv KLM will let passengers select who to sit next to on flights using social media such as Facebook. The Dutch airline, part of Star Alliance, will introduce the app next month. KLM says "meet and seat" is aimed at networking, but will some abuse it to join the Mile High Club? Who you are seated next to on a plane can definitely affect your air travel experience. This is why KLM wants to give passengers the option of selecting who to sit next to using social media tools like Facebook. KLM says the "meet and seat" program can be used for networking or to find passengers who share similar interests.
http://wn.com/KLM_to_use_social_media_to_let_passengers_choose_seatmate
Amsterdam Sinfonietta plays in KLM 747
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Published: 03 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 11 Feb 2012
- Author: AmsterdamSinfo
Amsterdam Sinfonietta gives a spontaneous concert in a delayed KLM 747 at Shanghai Airport.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam_Sinfonietta_plays_in_KLM_747
KLM Live Reply
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Published: 29 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Feb 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
KLM live reply to social media. KLM responded to your questions within the hour via twitter.com and facebook.com To promote our 24/7 service, we replaced our usual typed responses by a living alphabet! For 1 day, The KLM Reply saw 140 KLM employees give unique replies to friends' and followers' tweets and posts, by assembling the answer live before their eyes. All within the hour. KLM answers every tweet and post in person. Within the hour. Day and night. Music: 'Feel it' by Ferry Corsten
http://wn.com/KLM_Live_Reply
KLM finding, activating and creating Superpromoters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Published: 15 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 06 Feb 2012
- Author: Superpromoters
KLM using Social Media (Twitter) to find, activate and create Superpromoters at Schiphol Airport.
http://wn.com/KLM_finding,_activating_and_creating_Superpromoters
KLM Personal Space Experiment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Published: 08 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 07 Feb 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
KLM Personal Space Experiment: To improve the comfort level of their new Europe Business Class, KLM investigated the boundaries of personal space. With candid camera we went undercover at Schiphol Airport to measure people's behavior as part of our personal space experiment. Hosted by Matt Chapman we want to uncover the secrets of personal space. bit.ly
http://wn.com/KLM_Personal_Space_Experiment
KLM Boeing 747 hard landing at St Maarten Princess Juliana Int'l (HD1080p)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Published: 20 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 10 Feb 2012
- Author: pilotdynan
The KLM Boeing 747-400 coming in over Maho Beach to Princess Juliana Int'l St Maarten. the landing video was a little short so I also included the Takeoff :) Thanks for Watching and enjoy the video
http://wn.com/KLM_Boeing_747_hard_landing_at_St_Maarten_Princess_Juliana_Int'l_HD1080p
KLM Passport app
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Published: 08 Dec 2011
- Uploaded: 09 Feb 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
Turn your journeys into inspiring movies with the KLM Passport app.
http://wn.com/KLM_Passport_app
KLM Live Reply @dutchcowboys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Published: 19 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 13 Jan 2012
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
To show the world KLM's helpful social media service, we've replaced normal Facebook and Twitter typed responses with a living alaphabet made up of 140 KLM employees. This dedicated crew responds to tweets and posts in a unique way, by running around and assembling the answer live before your eyes, within the hour. KLM answers every tweet and post in person. Within the hour. Day and night
http://wn.com/KLM_Live_Reply_@dutchcowboys
KLM's Year Overview 2010-2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Published: 19 May 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Nov 2011
- Author: KLMRoyalDutchAirline
Today we announced our full year results. And what a year it was! Have a look at the highlights of a turbulent 12 months - klmf.ly
http://wn.com/KLM's_Year_Overview_2010-2011
KLM Boeing B747-400 Landing Almaty Cockpit view
Got request for approach through clouds. Well here is one at Almaty, Kazakhstan. Enjoy
http://wn.com/KLM_Boeing_B747-400_Landing_Almaty_Cockpit_view
Creative Commons / Paul Spijkers
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Creative Commons / Andrei Dimofte
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AP / Ermindo Armino
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Creative Commons / BotMultichill
photo: Creative Commons
10 Feb 2012
Carrier is among several adding capacity in surging Middle East air freight market Etihad Crystal Cargo is reaping the benefits of added capacity in a growing Middle East air freight market. The Abu...
photo: Creative Commons / Alaniaris
![Crystal Cruise Lines, most commonly seen as Crystal Cruises, is a luxury cruise ship line founded in 1988 and notable for its two medium-sized, high-end ships, Crystal Symphony and Crystal Serenity, which each hold about 1,000 guests.[1]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120221151619im_/http://cdn8.wn.com/ph/img/b6/dc/f8840b2535742d1f2f1f51efe74b-grande.jpg "Crystal Cruise Lines, most commonly seen as Crystal Cruises, is a luxury cruise ship line founded in 1988 and notable for its two medium-sized, high-end ships, Crystal Symphony and Crystal Serenity, which each hold about 1,000 guests.[1]")
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VENICE, Italy — It's a matter of perspective. From aboard a 12-deck cruise liner, the sight of St. Mark's Square, the Doge's Palace and Bridge of Sighs gliding past from a cabin balcony is...
photo: WN / Marzena Jazowska
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IT is the morning after the night before in the Romincka Forest. All around, the woods look worse for wear after a messy night: clods of earth kicked up by foraging wild boar, chunks of bark stripped...
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| Coordinates | 12°58′0″N77°34′0″N |
|---|---|
| Airline | KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij |
| Logo | KLM logo.svg |
| Logo size | 150 |
| Fleet size | 115 (+15 orders) incl. cargoexcl. subsidiaries |
| Destinations | 130 incl. subsidiaries |
| Iata | KL |
| Icao | KLM |
| Callsign | KLM |
| Parent | Air France-KLM |
| Company slogan | ''Een reis vol inspiratie'' ("Journeys of inspiration") |
| Founded | |
| Commenced | |
| Headquarters | Amstelveen, Netherlands |
| Key people | Albert Plesman P. F. Hartman (CEO)F. Gagey (CFO) |
| Hubs | Amsterdam Airport Schiphol |
| Frequent flyer | Flying Blue |
| Lounge | |
| Alliance | SkyTeam |
| Subsidiaries | |
| Website | www.klm.com }} |
Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V., operating under the name KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Dutch: ''Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij'', , literally "Royal Aviation Company"; usual English translation: Royal Dutch Airlines), is the flag carrier of the Netherlands and is part of Air France-KLM. KLM's headquarters are in Amstelveen near its hub at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. KLM operates worldwide scheduled passenger and cargo services to more than 90 destinations. It is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name. , it has 31,787 employees.
The merger of KLM with Air France in May 2004 created Air France-KLM, which is incorporated under French law with headquarters at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. Both Air France and KLM continue to fly under their distinct brand names. Air France-KLM is part of the SkyTeam alliance with Aeroflot, Aeroméxico, Air Europa, Alitalia, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Czech Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Kenya Airways, Korean Air, TAROM and Vietnam Airlines.
History
Pre World War II
KLM was founded on 7 October 1919, making it the oldest carrier in the world still operating under its original name, though the company stopped operating during the Second World War—apart from the operations in the Dutch Antilles in the Caribbean. The first KLM flight was on 17 May 1920, from Croydon Airport, London to Amsterdam carrying two British journalists and a number of newspapers. It was flown by an Aircraft Transport and Travel Airco DH.16, callsign G-EALU, piloted by Jerry Shaw. In 1920 KLM carried 440 passengers and 22 tons of freight. In 1921 KLM started scheduled services.By 1926 it was offering flights to Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Brussels, Paris, London, Bremen, Copenhagen and Malmö, using primarily Fokker F2 & Fokker F.III.
Intercontinental service to the Netherlands East Indies (today's Republic of Indonesia) started in 1929. This was for several years the world's longest scheduled air route. The service used Fokker F.VIIb, although the first non-scheduled KLM flight had been in 1924 by Fokker F7 registration H-NACC piloted by Van der Hoop. In 1930 KLM carried 15,143 passengers. The Douglas DC-2 was introduced on the Batavia service in 1934.
The first transatlantic KLM test flight was between Amsterdam and Curaçao in December 1934 using the Fokker F-XVIII "Snip." The first of the airline's Douglas DC-3 aircraft were delivered in 1936 and these replaced the DC-2s on the service via Batavia to Sydney. KLM were the first airline to serve Manchester's new Ringway airport from June 1938. KLM was the only civilian airline to operate the Douglas DC-5, using four examples in the Dutch East and West Indies between May 1940 and late 1941.
The 1940s
When the Germans invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 a number of KLM aircraft (mostly DC-3's and a few DC-2's) were enroute to or from the Far East. Five DC-3s and one DC-2 managed to escape to England. During the entire war these KLM planes and KLM crew would fly the infamous Bristol-Lisbon scheduled passenger flights under BOAC registration. The PH-ALI 'Ibis', then registered as G-AGBB, was attacked three times by the Luftwaffe: on 15 November 1942 and 19 April 1943 and finally on 1 June 1943 (fatal to passengers and crew, see BOAC Flight 777). Some KLM aircraft with crew ended up in the Australia-Indonesia region where they aided in transporting people that were escaping the Japanese aggressor in that area. On 21 May 1946, KLM was the first continental European airline to launch scheduled service to New York.
The 1950s
In 1950 KLM carried 356,069 passengers. On 25 July 1957, the airline introduced its first flight simulator for the Douglas DC-7C - the last KLM aircraft with piston engines - which opened the first trans-polar route from Amsterdam via Anchorage to Tokyo on 1 November 1958. Each crew flying the transpolar route over the Arctic was equipped with a winter survival kit, including a 7.62 mm selective-fire AR-10 carbine for use against polar bears in the event the plane was forced down onto the polar ice.
The 1960s and 1970s
Beginning in September 1959, the airline introduced the four-engined turboprop Lockheed Electra onto some of its European and Middle Eastern routes. In March 1960, KLM introduced the first Douglas DC-8 jet into its fleet. In 1966, KLM introduced the Douglas DC-9 on European and Middle East routes.The new terminal buildings at Schiphol Airport opened in April 1967 and in 1968, the stretched Douglas DC-8-63 entered service. With 244 seats it was the largest airliner of the time. KLM was the first airline to put the higher gross-weight Boeing 747-200B into service, starting in February 1971, powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D engines, thus beginning the airline's era of widebody jets.
The 1980s and 1990s
In 1980, KLM carried 9,715,069 passengers. In 1983, it reached agreement with Boeing to convert some of its Boeing 747-200s to stretched upper deck configuration. The work started in 1984 at the Boeing factory in Everett, Washington and finished in 1986. The converted aircraft were called Boeing 747-200SUD, which the airline operated in addition to Boeing 747-300s. In June 1989, KLM introduced the Boeing 747-400. Later that year, in July, KLM acquired 20 per cent of Northwest Airlines, starting an alliance between the two airlines. In 1990, KLM carried 16,000,000 passengers. In March 1994, KLM and Northwest Airlines introduced World Business Class on intercontinental routes, and, in July 1995, KLM introduced its Boeing 767-300ER.
The 2000s
In March and June 2002, KLM announced it would renew its intercontinental fleets by replacing the Boeing 767s, Boeing 747-300s and eventually the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 with Boeing 777-200ERs and Airbus A330-200s. Some 747s will be first to retire. The MD-11s will remain in service until 2014/2015. The first Boeing 777 was received on 25 October 2003, entering commercial service on the Amsterdam–Toronto route, while the first Airbus A330-200 was introduced on 25 August 2005 and entered commercial service on the Amsterdam–Washington Dulles route.In March 2007 KLM started using the Amadeus reservation system, along with partner Kenya Airways.
The 2010s to date
In September 2010 KLM announced that the passenger division of Martinair would be integrated within KLM. All personnel and routes will be transferred to KLM. By November 2011 Martinair will only consist of the cargo division and the maintenance division.In March 2011 KLM and InselAir International InselAir have reached an agreement for mutual interline cooperation on Insel Air destinations, thus expanding their services to their passengers. As of March 27, 2011, passengers carrying a KLM ticket can now also fly to all Insel Air destinations. Passengers will be transported 'comfortably and quickly' on one ticket and with automatic baggage transfer via InselAirs hubs in Curacao and Sint Maarten. Due to this agreement, KLM passengers can now connect seamlessly and continue their flights to more and to different destinations via InselAir’s flights. Cities include Kingston (Jamaica), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and Las Piedras (Venezuela).
Corporate affairs and identity
Head office
KLM's head office is in Amstelveen, on a site near Schiphol Airport. By 1968 KLM decided that its new head office would be located there and began plans to construct the building, scheduled to be completed at the end of 1970. Previously the airline's head office was on the property of Schiphol Airport in Haarlemmermeer.
Subsidiaries
Former subsidiaries
KLM Asia
KLM Asia (荷蘭亞洲航空公司 Hanyu Pinyin: Hélán Yàzhōu Hángkōng Gōngsī) was a wholly KLM owned subsidiary, registered in Taiwan, Republic of China. The airline was established in 1995 in order to operate flights to Taipei, without compromising the traffic rights held by KLM for destinations in the People's Republic of China. KLM Asia is no longer in operation but its aircraft still fly in the KLM Asia livery. KLM Asia was one of a number of airline subsidiaries flying under the "Asia" name with the same purpose of flying to Taiwan; these also included Japan Asia Airways (a Japan Airlines subsidiary), Air France Asie, British Asia Airways and others.The livery of KLM Asia does not feature Dutch national symbols, such as the Flag of the Netherlands, nor does it use KLM's stylised Dutch Crown logo, instead featuring a special KLM Asia logo. KLM Asia has 6 Boeing 747-400 Combi aircraft (included in the KLM fleet as 747-400M).
Merger
On 30 September 2003, Air France and KLM announced that they would in future be known as Air France-KLM. This entity was offered on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange on 5 May 2004. The merge with Air France marked the end of the oldest independent airline in the world. The ''Royal'' adjective was retained, and KLM's independent identity guaranteed to 2008, after which date its operations may be merged with those of the French company. As of November 2010, KLMs operations continued under its own titles. In the interim, it did not appear that KLM's longstanding joint venture with Northwest Airlines (since merged with Delta Air Lines), would be affected. Both KLM and Northwest joined the SkyTeam alliance in September 2004. Prior to the merger, KLM was listed on the stock exchanges of Amsterdam, New York, and Paris.
Presidents - CEOs
KLM Delft Blue houses
Since 1952, KLM has presented its long-haul first-class passengers with small Delftware, blue-and-white porcelain reproductions of old Dutch canal houses, filled with jenever. In 1993, amidst the change-over from three to two cabins on its long-haul service, these canal houses (in Dutch, "''huisjes''") were made available to its "WorldBusiness Class" passengers.Initially, these houses, ranging in size from 5 to 11 cm. (about 2 to 4 inches) were filled with Rynbende jenever (a Dutch liquor and precursor to gin made from juniper berries); once Rynbende (Simon Rynbende & Sons) was acquired by Henkes, the houses were filled with Henkes jenever, and, when that company was acquired by Bols, they became filled with Bols jenever.
The impetus for these houses was a rule aimed at curtailing a previously widespread practice of offering significant incentives to passengers by limiting the value of gifts given by airlines to 75 US cents; however, no limit was placed on the provisions of duty-free liquor, so KLM was able to provide this more-valuable gift, camouflaged as liquor. Prior to giving out these Delft-blue liquor-filled houses, KLM gave Delft-blue tiles as gifts, but these tiles broke the 75 cent limits.
There are 90 different houses as of 2009, with an additional house added every year on the 7th of October; this being the anniversary of KLM's founding (KLM, the world's oldest commercial airline, being 90 years old in 2009), each numbered and representing the number of years KLM has been in operation. Each year, a new house receives the next sequential number. All houses are reproductions of historic houses in the Netherlands or its overseas dependencies, although the specific location of every archetype of some of the first ten ''huisjes'' was not recorded.
In addition to the 90 standard houses, sealed and filled with jenever (with numerous variations on the wording on the bottom or back of the houses in different manufacturing batches and with different jenever manufacturer names), there are variants that are not filled with gin, which are distributed to passengers on certain long-haul flights to Islamic countries who forbid import or export of liquor. In 2006 when, in response to terrorist activities, liquids were banned or restricted on various flights, KLM's trans-Atlantic flights to the United States briefly also offered the same liquor-free ''huisjes.'' Until the early 1980s, the houses distributed on those routes were packaged as "ashtrays" with an open chimney and a semi-circular hole cut into the rear of the house, ostensibly for a cigarette.
Additional, larger, special Delftware have periodically been offered to VIPs and honeymoon couples; for most of the 1980s and 1990s, this was a model of the Royal Palace; since 2003, this was the "Waag". These are particularly prized by collectors and at auctions they are often valued at about $1000.
Logo
In addition to its main logo, KLM has shown its alliance status in its branding, including the SkyTeam alliance (2004–present) and "Worldwide Reliability" with Northwest Airlines (1993–2002).
Destinations
KLM is the only carrier on 66 of the routes it operates. On 43 routes it faces competition from one other airline, whereas on 14 routes it faces competition from two other airlines. Finally, on 3 routes it faces competition from three airlines and competition from four and five other airlines is faced by 1 route each.
Fleet
As of August 2011, the KLM fleet consists of the following aircraft with an average age of 10.1 years:KLM is currently in the midst of major fleet renewal programme. All the Boeing 737-300/-400s are being replaced by newer Boeing 737-700/-800s. The last Boeing 737-700/-800 will be delivered in 2011. Hereafter, KLM is seeking new aircraft to replace the long-serving MD-11 aircraft. Air France-KLM has sent out requests for proposals for 100 aircraft of the type A350 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner to replace these MD-11 aircraft (along with the A340s and older 747-400s of Air France). This replacement is projected to start in 2014. The Boeing customer code for KLM is 06. The Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft are delivered with Boeing customer code K2, used for Transavia.
Fleet history
Over the years, KLM operated the following aircraft types:
Cabin
KLM offers business class and economy class on all of its aircraft. On longhaul aircraft, a third class called 'economy comfort class' is offered. On shorthaul aircraft, Business Class is called Europe Business Class, while on longhaul aircraft Business Class is called World Business Class.
World Business Class
World Business Class offers a pitch on all longhaul aircraft. All aircraft offer a 176 degree angled lie-flat seat with a TV monitor with AVOD (Audio Video on Demand), email/text messaging, a privacy canopy, a massage function and laptop power ports. KLM's newest addition to the fleet, the Boeing 777-300ER features the new Business Class seats based on the Business seats of merger partner Air France. All WBC seats offer personal reading lamps, leg/foot rests and personal telephones (at the back of the controller)Pre-departure facilities include a fully flexible reservation (except WBC Holiday Fare which may have restrictions) check-in desks, lounge access, priority boarding and 125% to 175% Flying Blue miles. Onboard, passengers are given a three course meal with menus, pre-departure beverages and snacks, which are available throughout the flight.
Europe Business Class
Europe Business Class replaced Europe Select on 27 March 2011. It is KLM's new premium product on shorter sectors. It offers lounge access, a pitch with more recline, in-seat power output on all Boeing 737-700, -800, -900, newspapers, a meal service on board (hot or cold meals depend on the length of the flight), more personal space (free middle seat), priority boarding, extra baggage allowance, 250% Flying Blue miles and fully flexible booking.
Economy Class
Economy Class offers a 31" pitch on all long haul aircraft except the Airbus A330-200, which offers a 32" pitch.On short haul European flights on KLM and KLM Cityhopper, aircraft have no in flight entertainment and contains a 31" seatpitch. Passengers flying Economy Class long-haul routes outside of Europe receive a hot meal service (often more than one depending on the flight duration), with real metal cutlery. Passengers flying within Europe in KLM Economy Class receive a snack to suit the time of day. Freshly prepared sandwiches made the day of flight are served on most morning flights. Drinks (including alcohol) are free on KLM for all passengers, with the exception of champagne.
In 2010, KLM has completed the interior refurbishment of its Boeing 747-400 fleet. This update includes AVOD/PTV in Economy Class with a private screen for each seat and inflight information. KLM's Boeing 747-400s and 777-300ERs economy seating are ten-abreast (3-4-3), the 777-200ERs and MD-11s are nine-abreast (3-3-3), while the A330s are eight abreast (2-4-2).
Economy Comfort
Economy Comfort is offered on all intercontinental flights. It provides a greater seat pitch at up to 35", and greater recline, up to 7", than regular economy seats, but the same luggage allowance and in-flight service applies. There is no priority (dis-)embarking, but since the Economy Comfort zone is located in the front of Economy section of the aircraft, KLM does advertise quick disembarkation as an advantage of Economy Comfort.On intracontinental flights, Economy Comfort is not offered as such. Instead, some seats with extra legroom such as exit-row seats are sold at a premium. This would cost between EUR 20 to 70 per flight.
Both intercontinental and intracontinental seats can be reserved by any passenger holding any economy class ticket. The full Economy Comfort service is free for passengers with a full-fare ticket or members of Flying Blue at the Platinum or higher level. For Flying Blue Silver and SkyTeam Elite Plus members, a discount applies. The seats with extra legroom on intracontinental flights are free for Flying Blue members with Gold or higher status. This service is also available for free for Delta SkyMiles members at the Platinum or higher level if the booking was made with a Delta (DL) flight number.
It should be noted that some aircraft with a flexible European Business Class cabin size (which can be changed using a movable curtain divider), the first few rows also offer a small amount of extra legroom due to their double use as EBC seats. No extra charge applies for these seats.
Codeshare agreements
As of March 2011, KLM has codeshare agreements with the following airlines, beside SkyTeam members:{| | STYLE="vertical-align: top"| | STYLE="vertical-align: top"| {| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |+ KLM codeshares (continued) On 22 August 1927, Fokker F.VIII H-NADU crashed near Sevenoaks, England. One crewmember was killed. On 20 December 1934, KLM Douglas DC-2, PH-AJU "''Uiver''" crashed at Rutbah Wells, Iraq, killing all occupants. It participated in the Mac Robertson Air Race in October 1934 and won the handicap division. It had returned to the Netherlands in November and the crew were heroes. It was on its first flight after return from the race and was enroute to the Netherlands Indies carrying the Christmas mail. On 14 July 1935, KLM Fokker F.XXII PH-AJQ "''Kwikstaart''" crashed and burned just outside Schiphol, killing four crew and two passengers - 14 other occupants survived.
On 20 July 1935, KLM Douglas DC-2, PH-AKG "''Gaai''" crashed in an Alpine pass in the San Bernardino Pass near Pian San Giacomo, killing all three crew and all ten passengers.
Notable incidents without fatalities On 17 July 1935, KLM DC-2 PH-AKM "''Maraboe''" crashed near Bushehr, Iran. All occupants were rescued.
On 6 November 1946, KLM Douglas DC-3 PH-TBO crashed near Shere as the flight was on approach to Croydon Airport after a flight from Amsterdam. None of the 20 passengers and crew were killed in the accident. On 23 March 1952, a KLM Lockheed Constellation, PH-TFF "''Venlo''", suffered a propeller failure and subsequent engine fire during landing in Bangkok. All 44 passengers and crew escaped shortly before the fire completely consumed the plane. A Thai ground crewman ran into the burning aircraft and returned with an infant who had been left behind.
Corporate responsible issues
Alleged support to Nazi war criminals
KLM has been accused of helping Nazi war criminals to escape from Europe at the end of the Second World War. Suspected war criminals were forbidden by the Allies to leave Germany but historical research done by Dutch journalists show that KLM asked the Swiss authorities to allow some former Nazi to cross the borders without proper documents in order that they could then escape to South America. KLM has always denied that it played such a role.
Philanthropy
KLM started KLM AirCares in 1999. KLM AirCares is a programme that aids underprivileged children in developing countries that KLM flies to.
See also
References
External links
Category:Airlines of the Netherlands Category:IATA members Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the Netherlands Category:Association of European Airlines members Category:Airlines established in 1919 Category:Air France-KLM Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in the Netherlands
af:KLM ar:الخطوط الجوية الملكية الهولندية ca:Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij cs:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines da:KLM de:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines et:KLM el:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines es:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines eo:Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij fa:کیالام fr:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines gl:KLM ko:KLM id:KLM it:KLM he:KLM jv:KLM lt:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines li:KLM hu:KLM ms:KLM nl:Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij ja:KLMオランダ航空 no:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines pl:KLM pt:KLM ro:KLM ru:KLM simple:KLM sk:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines so:KLM sr:КЛМ su:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines fi:KLM sv:KLM th:เคแอลเอ็ม tr:KLM uk:KLM vi:KLM zh:荷蘭皇家航空This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 12°58′0″N77°34′0″N |
|---|---|
| consort | no |
| name | Juliana |
| imgw | 200 |
| succession | Queen of the Netherlands |
| reign | 4 September 1948 – 30 April 1980 () |
| predecessor | Wilhelmina |
| successor | Beatrix |
| spouse | Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld |
| issue | Beatrix of the Netherlands Princess Irene Princess Margriet Princess Christina |
| full name | Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina |
| house | House of Orange-Nassau* |
| father | Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
| mother | Wilhelmina of the Netherlands |
| birth date | April 30, 1909 |
| birth place | The Hague, Netherlands |
| death date | March 20, 2004 |
| death place | Baarn, Netherlands |
| date of burial | March 30, 2004 |
| place of burial | Nieuwe Kerk, Delft |
| religion | Dutch Reformed }} |
Juliana (Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1948 and 1980. She was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry. She was married to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, with whom she had four children: Princess Beatrix (born 1938), Princess Irene (born 1939), Princess Margriet (born 1943), Princess Christina (born 1947). During the Second World War she lived in exile with her children in Ottawa, Canada. She became Queen of the Netherlands with her mother's abdication in 1948 and was succeeded by Queen Beatrix after her own abdication in 1980. During her reign both Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) in 1945 and Suriname in 1975 became independent from the Netherlands. Her birthday is celebrated annually as Koninginnedag, Queen's Day. Upon her death at the age of , she was the longest-lived former ruling monarch in the world. She is commemorated in space, in the name of the asteroid 816 Juliana.
Early life
Born in The Hague, the daughter of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Juliana spent her childhood at Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn, and at Noordeinde Palace and Huis ten Bosch Palace in The Hague. A small school class was formed at Noordeinde Palace on the advice of the educator Jan Ligthart so that, from the age of six, the Princess could receive her primary education with children of her own age. These children were Elise Barones Bentinck, Elisabeth Barones van Hardenbroek and Jonkvrouwe Miek de Jonge.As the Dutch constitution specified that she should be ready to succeed to the throne by the age of eighteen, Princess Juliana's education proceeded at a faster pace than that of most children. After five years of primary education, the Princess received her secondary education (to pre-university level) from private tutors.
On 30 April 1927, Princess Juliana celebrated her eighteenth birthday. Under the constitution, she had officially come of age and was entitled to assume the royal prerogative, if necessary. Two days later her mother installed her in the "Raad van State" ("Council of State").
In the same year, the Princess enrolled as a student at the University of Leiden. In her first years at university, she attended lectures in sociology, jurisprudence, economics, history of religion, parliamentary history and constitutional law. In the course of her studies she also attended lectures on the cultures of Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles, the Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, international affairs, international law, history, and European law.
Marriage
In the 1930s, Queen Wilhelmina began a search for a suitable husband for her daughter. At the time, the House of Orange was one of the most strictly religious royal families in the world, and it was very difficult to find a Protestant Prince who suited their standards. Princes from the United Kingdom and Sweden were "vetted" but either declined or were rejected by the Princess.
At the 1936 Winter Olympics in Bavaria, she met Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, a young German aristocrat. Prince Bernhard was a suave young businessman, and though not a playboy, certainly a "man about town" with a dashing lifestyle. But his rank and religion were suitable, and so Princess Juliana's royal engagement was arranged by her mother. Princess Juliana fell deeply in love with her fiancé, a love that was to last a lifetime and that withstood separation during the war and Bernhard's many extramarital affairs and illegitimate children. The astute Queen Wilhelmina left nothing to chance: court lawyers drew up a prenuptial agreement that specified exactly what the German-born Prince could and could not do, and what money he would receive from the royal estate. The couple's engagement was announced on 8 September 1936.
The wedding announcement divided a country that mistrusted Germany under Adolf Hitler. Prior to the wedding, on 24 November 1936, Prince Bernhard was granted Dutch citizenship and changed the spelling of his names from German to Dutch. They married in The Hague on 7 January 1937, the date on which Princess Juliana's grandparents, King William III and Queen Emma, had married fifty-eight years earlier. The civil ceremony was held in The Hague Town Hall and the marriage was blessed in the Great Church (St. Jacobskerk), likewise in The Hague. The young couple moved into Soestdijk Palace in Baarn.
Their first child Princess Beatrix was born on 31 January 1938, and their second Princess Irene on 5 August 1939.
Canadian exile
The tense European political climate in the shadow of the growing threat of Nazi Germany was stoked further in the Netherlands when Adolf Hitler hinted that the Royal marriage was a sign of an alliance between the Netherlands and Germany. An angry Queen Wilhelmina quickly made a public denunciation of Hitler's remark, but the incident had by then caused further resentment over Juliana's choice for a husband. Further revelations of Prince Bernhard's past conduct added to the growing resentment amongst many of the Dutch people.
During the war and German occupation of the Netherlands the Prince and Princess decided to leave the Netherlands with their two daughters for the United Kingdom, to represent the State of the Netherlands in exile. The Princess remained there for a month before taking the children to Ottawa, the capital of Canada, where she resided at Stornoway in the suburb of Rockcliffe Park.
Juliana quickly endeared herself to the Canadian people, displaying simple warmth, asking that she and her children be treated as just another family during difficult times. In the city of Ottawa, where few people recognised her, Princess Juliana sent her two daughters to Rockcliffe Park Public School (where the gymnasium is still named after her), did her own grocery buying and shopped at Woolworth's Department Store. She enjoyed going to the movies and often would stand innocuously in the line-up to purchase her ticket. When her next door neighbour was about to give birth, the Princess of the Netherlands offered to baby-sit the woman's other children.
When her third child Margriet was born, the Governor General of Canada, Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, granted Royal Assent to a special law declaring Princess Juliana's rooms at the Ottawa Civic Hospital as extraterritorial so that the infant would have exclusively Dutch, not dual nationality. Had these arrangements not occurred, Princess Margriet would not be in the line of succession. The Canadian government flew the Dutch tricolour flag on parliament's Peace Tower while its carillon rang out with Dutch music at the news of Princess Margriet's birth. Prince Bernhard, who had remained in London with Queen Wilhelmina and members of the exiled Dutch government, was able to visit his family in Canada and be there for Margriet's birth.
Princess Juliana's genuine warmth and the gestures of her Canadian hosts created a lasting bond which was reinforced when Canadian soldiers fought and died by the thousands in 1944 and 1945 to liberate the Netherlands from the Nazis. On 2 May 1945 she returned by a military transport plane with Queen Wilhelmina to the liberated part of the Netherlands, rushing to Breda to set up a temporary Dutch government. Once home she expressed her gratitude to Canada by sending the city of Ottawa 100,000 tulip bulbs. On 24 June 1945 she sailed on the RMS ''Queen Elizabeth'' from Gourock, Scotland, to the United States, listing her last permanent residence as London, England. The following year (1946), Juliana donated another 20,500 bulbs, with the request that a portion of these be planted at the grounds of the Ottawa Civic Hospital where she had given birth to Margriet. At the same time, she promised Ottawa an annual gift of tulips during her lifetime to show her lasting appreciation for Canada's war-time hospitality. Each year Ottawa hosts the Canadian Tulip Festival in celebration of this gift.
Return to the Netherlands
On 2 August 1945 Princess Juliana was reunited with her family on Dutch soil. Soon though, Prince Bernhard would become convinced that his children's manners had been thoroughly corrupted from their time in Canada. At their first family dinner at Soestdijk Palace, two-year-old Margriet beat a spoon on her plate, Irene sat with a comfortable leg curled under herself, and the seven-year-old future Queen Beatrix, who had already expressed the desire to return to Canada, talked incessantly with food in her mouth, complaining that she did not like her Dutch meal and wanted Canadian steak and ice cream like her mother had given them in Ottawa. The manner in which the children would be raised was a matter of disagreement between Princess Juliana and her husband. She believed that the days of an aloof, near-isolated monarchy were over, and that the royal children should interact as much as possible with average citizens.Juliana immediately took part in a post-war relief operation for the people in the northern part of the country, where the Nazi-caused famine (the famine winter of 1944–1945) and their continued torturing and murdering of the previous winter had claimed many victims. She was very active as the president of the Dutch Red Cross and worked closely with the National Reconstruction organization. Her down to earth manner endeared her to her people so much that a majority of the Dutch people would soon want Queen Wilhelmina to abdicate in favour of her daughter. In the spring of 1946 Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard visited the countries that had helped the Netherlands during the occupation.
During her pregnancy with her last child, Marijke Christina, Princess Juliana contracted German measles. The girl was born in 1947 with cataracts in both eyes and was soon diagnosed as almost totally blind in one eye and severely limited in the other. Despite her blindness, Christina, as she was called, was a happy and gifted child with a talent for languages and, something long missing in the Dutch Royal Family, an ear for music. Over time, and with advances in medical technology, her eyesight did improve such that with thick glasses, she could attend school and even ride a bicycle. However, before that happened, her mother, the Princess, clinging to any thread that offered some hope for a cure, came under the spell of Greet Hofmans, a faith healer with heterodox beliefs considered by many to be a sham.
For several weeks in the autumn of 1947 and again in 1948 the Princess acted as Regent when, for health reasons, Queen Wilhelmina was unable to perform her duties. The Independence in Indonesia, which saw more than 150,000 Dutch troops stationed there as decolonization force, was regarded as an economic disaster for the Netherlands. With the certain loss of the prized colony, the Queen announced her intention to abdicate. On 6 September 1948, with the eyes of the world upon her, Princess Juliana, the twelfth member of the House of Orange to rule the Netherlands, was inaugurated Queen in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. On 27 December 1949 at Dam Palace in Amsterdam, Queen Juliana signed the papers that recognised Indonesian sovereignty over the former Dutch colony.
Queen of the Netherlands
Her daughter's blindness and the increasing influence of Hofmans, who had moved into a royal palace, severely affected the Queen's marital relationship. Over the next few years, the controversy surrounding the faith healer, at first kept out of the Dutch media, erupted into a national debate over the competency of the Queen. The people of the Netherlands watched as their Queen often appeared in public dressed like any ordinary Dutch woman. Queen Juliana began riding a bicycle for exercise and fresh air. The Queen wanted to be addressed as "Mevrouw" (Dutch for "Mrs.") by her subjects.
Although the bicycle and the down-to-earth manners suggest a simple life style, the Dutch Royal court of the 1950s and 1960s was still a splendid affair with chamberlains in magnificent uniforms, gilded state coaches, visits to towns in open carriages and lavish entertaining in the huge palaces. At the same time the Queen began visiting the citizens of the nearby towns and, unannounced, would drop in on social institutions and schools. Her refreshingly straightforward manner and talk made her a powerful public speaker. On the international stage, Queen Juliana was particularly interested in the problems of developing countries, the refugee problem, and had a very special interest in child welfare, particularly in the developing countries. ''The New York Times'' called her "an unpretentious woman of good sense and great goodwill."
On the night of 31 January 1953, the Netherlands was hit by the most destructive storm in more than five hundred years. Thirty breaches of dunes and dikes occurred and many towns were swept away by twelve-foot tidal waves. More than two thousand people drowned and tens of thousands were trapped by the floodwaters. Dressed in boots and an old coat, Queen Juliana waded through water and slopped through deep mud all over the devastated areas to bring desperate people food and clothing. Showing compassion and concern, reassuring the people, her tireless efforts would permanently endear her to the citizens of the Netherlands.
In 1956, the influence of Miss Hofmans on Juliana's political views would almost bring down the House of Orange in a constitutional crisis that caused the court and the royal family to split in a Bernhard faction set on removing a Queen considered religiously fanatic and a threat to NATO, and the Queen's pious and pacifist courtiers. The Prime Minister resolved the crisis. However, Juliana lost out to her powerful husband and his friends. Hofmans was banished from the court and Juliana's supporters were sacked or pensioned. Prince Bernhard planned to divorce his wife but decided against it when he, as he told an American journalist, "found out that the woman still loved him".
In 1963 Queen Juliana faced another crisis among the Protestant part of her people when her daughter Irene secretly converted to Roman Catholicism and, without government approval, on 29 April 1964 married Prince Carlos Hugo of Bourbon, Duke of Parma, a claimant to the Spanish throne and also a leader in Spain's Carlist party. With memories of the Dutch struggle for independence from Roman Catholic Spain and fascist German oppression still fresh in the minds of the Dutch people, the events leading to the marriage were played out in all the newspapers and a storm of hostility erupted against the monarchy for allowing it to happen — a matter so serious, the Queen's abdication became a real possibility. She survived, however, thanks to the underlying devotion she had earned over the years.
But crisis, as a result of marriage, would come again with the announcement in July 1965 of the engagement of Princess Beatrix, heir to the throne, to a German diplomat, Claus von Amsberg. The future husband of the future Queen had been a member of the Nazi Wehrmacht and the Hitler Youth movement. Many angry Dutch citizens demonstrated in the streets, and held rallies and marches against the "traitorous" affair. While this time upset citizens did not call for the Queen's abdication because the true object of their wrath, Princess Beatrix, would then be Queen, they did start to question the value of having a monarchy at all. After attempting to have the marriage cancelled, Queen Juliana acquiesced and the marriage took place under a continued storm of protest and an almost certain attitude pervaded the country that Princess Beatrix might be the last member of the House of Orange to ever reign in the Netherlands. Despite all these difficult matters, Queen Juliana's personal popularity suffered only temporarily.
The Queen was noted for her courtesy and kindness. In May 1959, for example, American ufologist George Adamski received a letter from the lady head of the Dutch Unidentified Flying Objects Society informing him that she had been contacted by Queen Juliana's palace and "that the Queen would like to receive you." Adamski informed a London newspaper about the invitation, which prompted the court and cabinet to request that the Queen cancel her meeting with Adamski, but the Queen went ahead with the meeting saying that, "A hostess cannot slam the door in the face of her guests." After the meeting, Dutch Aeronautical Association president Cornelis Kolff said, "The Queen showed an extraordinary interest in the whole subject."
An event in April 1967 brought an overnight revitalization of the Royal family, when the first male heir to the Dutch throne in 116 years, Willem-Alexander, was born to Princess Beatrix. This time the demonstrations in the street were ones of love and enthusiasm. This joyful occasion was helped along by an ever-improving Dutch economy.
Scandal rocked the Royal family again in 1976 when it was revealed that Prince Bernhard had accepted a $1.1 million bribe from U.S. aircraft manufacturer Lockheed Corporation to influence the Dutch government's purchase of fighter aircraft. The Prime Minister of the Netherlands ordered an inquiry into the affair while Prince Bernhard refused to answer reporters' questions, stating: "I am above such things." Rather than calling on the Queen to abdicate, the Dutch people were this time fearful that their beloved Juliana might abdicate out of shame or because of a criminal prosecution conducted in her name against her consort.
On 26 August 1976 a censored and toned-down, but devastating report on Prince Bernhard's activities was released to a shocked Dutch public. The Prince resigned his various high profile positions as a Lieutenant Admiral, a General and an Inspector General of the Armed Forces. The Prince resigned from his positions in the board of many businesses, charities, the World Wildlife Fund and other institutions. The Prince also accepted that he would have to give up wearing his beloved uniforms. In return, the States-General accepted that there was to be no criminal prosecution.
On her Silver Jubilee in 1973, Queen Juliana donated all of the money that had been raised by the National Silver Jubilee Committee to organizations for children in need throughout the world. She donated the gift from the nation which she received on her seventieth birthday to the "International Year of the Child."
She was the 922nd Lady of the Order of the Garter in 1958.
On 30 April 1980, the day of her 71st birthday, Queen Juliana abdicated and her eldest daughter succeeded her as Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Juliana remained active in numerous charitable causes until well into her eighties.
Illness and death
From the mid-1990s, Juliana's health declined and she also suffered the progressive onset of senility. Some have attributed this to Alzheimer's disease , although this was denied by the Royal Family. Juliana did not appear in public after this time. At the order of the Royal Family's doctors, Juliana was placed under 24-hour care. Prince Bernhard publicly admitted in a television interview in 2001 that she was no longer able to recognise her family.Juliana died in her sleep on 20 March 2004, several weeks before her 95th birthday, at Soestdijk Palace in Baarn from complications of pneumonia, exactly 70 years after her grandmother Emma.
She was embalmed (unlike her mother, who chose not to be) and on 30 March 2004 interred beside her mother, Wilhelmina, in the royal vaults under the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft. The memorial service made her ecumenical and often highly personal views on matters of religion public. The late Princess, a vicar told in her sermon, was interested in all religions and in reincarnation.
Juliana's husband, Prince Bernhard, died barely eight months after her, on 1 December 2004, aged 93 and his remains were placed next to hers.
Titles, Styles, Honours and Arms
| Name | Queen Juliana of the Netherlands |
|---|---|
| Dipstyle | Her Majesty |
| Offstyle | Your Majesty |
| Altstyle | Ma'am }} |
''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg (1909–1937) ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1937–1948)
Arms
As a Princess, Juliana bore the following arms: Quarterly, 1 and 3, Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or (the royal arms of dominion of the Netherlands, and thus her mother Queen Wilhelmina), 2 and 4, Or, a Horn azure, langued gules, (the arms of the Principality of Orange) on an inescutcheon or, a Bull's head sable (for her father's House of Mecklenburg). On her accession to the throne in 1948, Juliana adopted the arms of Dominion of the Netherlands. i.e., Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or.
Issue
| Name !!rowspan="2" | |||||
| style="text-align:center" | ''Date'' | style="text-align:center"|style="text-align:center">''Issue'' | |||
| Beatrix of the Netherlands | Queen Beatrix | 31 January 1938| | 10 March 1966(widowed in 2002) | Prince Claus of the Netherlands>Claus von Amsberg | Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange>Prince Willem-AlexanderPrince Friso of Orange-Nassau |
| [[Princess Irene of the Netherlands | Princess Irene | 5 August 1939| | 29 April 1964(divorced in 1981) | Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma | Carlos, Duke of ParmaPrincess Margarita of Bourbon-Parma>Princess MargaritaPrince Jaime, Count of Bardi |
| [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands | Princess Margriet | 19 January 1943| | 10 January 1967 | Pieter van Vollenhoven | Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van VollenhovenPrince MauritsPrince BernhardPrince Pieter-ChristiaanPrince Floris |
| Princess Christina of the Netherlands | Princess Christina | 18 February 1947| | 28 June 1975(divorced in 1996) | Jorge Pérez y Guillermo | Bernardo GuillermoNicolás GuillermoJuliana Guillermo |
Ancestry
{{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Juliana of the Netherlands |2= 2. Duke Hendrik of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |3= 3. Wilhelmina of the Netherlands |4= 4. Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |5= 5. Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt |6= 6. William III of the Netherlands |7= 7. Princess Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont |8= 8. Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |9= 9. Princess Alexandrine of Prussia |10= 10. Prince Adolph of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt |11= 11. Princess Mathilde of Schonburg-Waldenburg |12= 12. William II of the Netherlands |13= 13. Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia |14= 14. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont |15= 15. Princess Helena of Nassau |16= 16. Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |17= 17. Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia |18= 18. Frederick William III of Prussia |19= 19. Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |20= 20. Prince Carl of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt |21= 21. Landgravine Ulrike of Hesse-Homburg |22= 22. Otto Victor, Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg |23= 23. Princess Thekla of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt |24= 24. William I of the Netherlands |25= 25. Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia |26= 26. Paul I of Russia |27= 27. Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg |28= 28. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont |29= 29. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg |30= 30. William, Duke of Nassau |31= 31. Princess Pauline of Württemberg }}
Prime Ministers during the Queen's reign
;Prime Ministers of the Netherlands;Prime Ministers of the Netherlands Antilles
;Prime Ministers of Suriname
References
External links
Category:1909 births Category:2004 deaths Category:Deaths from pneumonia Category:Dutch monarchs Category:Dutch Reformed Christians from the Netherlands Category:Female regents Category:Heirs presumptive to the Dutch throne Category:House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Category:House of Orange-Nassau Category:Infectious disease deaths in the Netherlands Category:Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:Leiden University alumni Category:Protestant monarchs Category:People with dementia Category:Monarchs who abdicated Category:Queens regnant Category:Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain Category:Grand Masters of the Military William Order Category:Duchesses of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Category:Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft Category:Members of the Council of State of the Netherlands Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland) Category:Grand Masters of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Category:Grand Masters of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau Category:Grand Masters of the Order of the House of Orange Category:Grand Masters of the Order of Orange-Nassau Category:Ladies of the Garter Category:Dames of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn Category:Dames of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri Category:Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav
bs:Juliana, kraljica Holandije bg:Юлиана Нидерландска ca:Juliana I dels Països Baixos cs:Juliána Nizozemská da:Juliana af Nederlandene de:Juliana (Niederlande) et:Juliana (Madalmaade kuninganna) el:Ιουλιάνα της Ολλανδίας es:Juliana I de los Países Bajos eo:Juliana (Nederlando) fr:Juliana des Pays-Bas fy:Juliana fan de Nederlannen ko:율리아나 hr:Juliana id:Juliana dari Belanda it:Giuliana dei Paesi Bassi he:יוליאנה, מלכת הולנד la:Iuliana (regina Nederlandiae) li:Juliana der Nederlen hu:I. Julianna holland királynő ms:Juliana dari Belanda nl:Juliana der Nederlanden nds-nl:Juliana van Nederlaand ja:ユリアナ (オランダ女王) no:Juliana av Nederland oc:Juliana dels Païses Basses pl:Juliana (królowa Holandii) pt:Juliana dos Países Baixos ro:Juliana a Olandei ru:Юлиана (королева Нидерландов) simple:Juliana of the Netherlands fi:Juliana (Alankomaat) sv:Juliana av Nederländerna th:สมเด็จพระราชินีนาถจูเลียนาแห่งเนเธอร์แลนด์ tr:Juliana (Hollanda) uk:Юліана (королева Нідерландів) zh:朱丽安娜女王This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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KLM Personal Space Experiment
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KLM Personal Space Experiment
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KLM Boeing 747 hard landing at St Maarten Princess Juliana Int'l (HD1080p)
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KLM Boeing 747 hard landing at St Maarten Princess Juliana Int'l (HD1080p)
The KLM Boeing 747-400 coming in over Maho Beach to Princess Juliana Int'l St Maarten. the landing video was a little short so I also included the Takeoff :) Thanks for Watching and enjoy the video...
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