Name	Malayalam
Nativename	മലയാളം
States	India
Region	Kerala, Lakshadweep, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Mahé, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Speakers	35,893,990.
Familycolor	Dravidian
Fam2	Southern
Fam3	Tamil–Kannada
Fam4	Tamil–Kodagu
Fam5	Tamil–Malayalam
Script	Malayalam script
Nation	(Kerala)
Imagecaption	''Malayalam'' in Malayalam script
Map	Countries where Malayalam is spoken.png
Mapcaption	Number of Malayalam speakers by country
Iso1	ml|iso2mal|iso3mal
Notice	Indic|notice2IPA}}

Malayalam (pronounced ; , ), is one of the four major Dravidian languages of southern India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India with official language status in the state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry. It is spoken by 35.9 million people. Malayalam is also spoken in the Nilgiris district, Kanyakumari district and Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu, Dakshina Kannada, Mangalore and Kodagu districts of Karnataka. Overseas it is also used by a large population of Indian expatriates living around the globe in the Middle East, North America, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, and Europe.

Malayalam most likely originated from ancient Tamil in the 6th century, of which Modern Tamil was also derived. An alternative theory proposes a split in even more ancient times. In either case, Malayalam imbibed many elements from Sanskrit through the ages and today over eighty percent of the vocabulary of Malayalam in scholarly usage is from Sanskrit. Before Malayalam came into being, Old Tamil was used in literature and courts of a region called Tamilakam, a famous example being ''Silappatikaram''. The earliest script used to write Malayalam was the Vattezhuttu script, and later the Kolezhuthu, which derived from it. As Malayalam began to freely borrow words as well as the rules of grammar from Sanskrit, Grantha script was adopted for writing and came to be known as ''Arya Ezhuthu''. This developed into the modern Malayalam script. Many medieval liturgical texts were written in an admixture of Sanskrit and early Malayalam, termed as Manipravalam. The oldest literature in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th and 11th century.

Evolution

The word 'Malayalam' is formed from two Tamil words, ''Malai'' meaning "mountain" and ''alam'' meaning "region" (derived from the root ''al'' meaning "to posses", "to rule", etc.). Malayalam translates as "mountain region". The language Malayalam is alternatively called as Alealum, Malayalani, Malayali, Malean, Maliyad, Mallealle, and Mopla.

The origin of Malayalam, whether it was a from a dialect of Tamil or an independent offshoot of the Proto Dravidian language, has been and continues to be an engaging pursuit among comparative historical linguists. Robert Caldwell, in his book ''A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Languages'' opines that Malayalam branched from ''classical Tamil'' that over time gained a large amount of Sanskrit vocabulary and lost the personal terminations of verbs. Either way, its generally agreed that by the end of 13th century a written form of the language emerged which was definitely different from Tamil.

The earliest known poem in Malayalam, ''Ramacharitam'', dated to 12th century C.E, was completed before the introduction of the Sanskrit alphabet. It shows the same phase of the language as in Jewish and Syrian ''Saasanas'' (dated to mid eighth century C.E). But the period of the earliest available literary document cannot be the sole criterion used to determine the antiquity of a language. In its early literature, Malayalam has songs, ''Paattu'', for various subjects and occasions, such as harvesting, love songs, heroes, Gods, etc. A form of writing called ''Champu'' emerged from the 14th century onwards. It mixed poetry with prose and used a vocabulary strongly influenced by Sanskrit, with themes from epics and ''Puranas''.

In the 16th – 17th centuries, Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan was the first to substitute Grantha-Malayalam script for the Tamil Vatteluttu. Ezhuthachan, regarded as the father of modern Malayalam language, undertook an elaborate translation of the epics ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata'' into Malayalam. His ''Adhyatma Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata'' are still read with religious reverence by Malayalis. Kunchan Nambiar, the founder of ''Thullal,'' was a prolific literary figure of the 18th century.

Together with Tamil, Toda, Kannada and Tulu, Malayalam belongs to the southern group of Dravidian languages. Some believe Proto-Tamil, the common stock of ancient Tamil and Malayalam, diverged over a period of four or five centuries from the 9th century on, resulting in the emergence of Malayalam as a language distinct from Proto-Tamil. As the language of scholarship and administration, Proto-Tamil, which was written in Tamil-Brahmi script and Vatteluttu later, greatly influenced the early development of Malayalam. Later the inroads the Nairs and the Namboothiris made into the cultural life of Kerala, the Namboothiri-Nair dominated society and politics, their trade relationships with Arabs, and the invasion of Kerala by the Portuguese affected the languages. The Portuguese established vassal states, which accelerated the assimilation of many Roman, Semitic and Indo-Aryan features into Malayalam; these occurred at different levels, particularly among the religious communities, such as Muslims, Christians, Jews and Jains.

T.K. Krishna Menon, in his book ''A Primer of Malayalam Literature,'' describes four distinct epochs of the evolution of the language:

Karintamil (3100 BCE – 100 BCE): There is a strong Tamil element, and Sanskrit has not yet made an influence on the language.

Old Malayalam (100 BCE – 325 CE): Malayalam seems to have been influenced by Sanskrit as numerous Sanskrit words have been absorbed in the language. Personal terminations are made for verbs conjugated according to gender and number. Tamil Sangams produced Tamil Sangam literature in the same era. Tamil-Brahmiscript was used to write inscriptions in that era.

Middle Malayalam (325 CE – 1425): Malayalam from this time period is represented by works such as ''Ramacharitram''. Traces of the adjuncts of verbs have disappeared by this period. The Jains seem to have encouraged the study of the language. Kulasekhara Alwar wrote ''Perumal Thirumozhi'' in Tamil while writing ''Mukundamala'' in Sanskrit. A strong elememt of Tamil influence is found until this period, as evidenced in ''Perumal Thirumozhi''.

Modern Malayalam (1425 onwards): Malayalam seems to have become distinctly separate as a language from classical Tamil and Sanskrit. This period can be divided into two categories: from 1425 to 1795, and from 1795, onward. 1795 is the year the British gained complete control over Kerala.

The first printed book in Kerala was ''Doctrina Christam,'' written by Henrique in ''Lingua Malabar-Tamul.'' It was transliterated and translated into Malayalam, and printed by the Portuguese in 1578.

In 1821 the Church Mission Society (CMS) at Kottayam started printing books in Malayalam when Benjamin Bailey, an Anglican priest, made the first Malayalam types. In addition, he contributed to standardizing the prose. Hermann Gundert from Stuttgart, Germany started the first Malayalam newspaper, ''Rajya Samacharam'' in 1847 at Thalassery. It was printed at Basel Mission.

Development of literature

The earliest written record resembling Malayalam is the Vazhappalli inscription (ca. 830 CE). The early literature of Malayalam comprised three types of composition: Malayalam Nada, Tamil Nada and Sanskrit Nada.

Classical songs known as Naadan Paattu

Manipravalam of the Sanskrit tradition, which permitted a generous interspersing of Sanskrit with Malayalam. Niranam poets Manipravalam Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar wrote Manipravalam poetry in the 14th century. The changed political situation in the 14th century after the invasion of Malik Kafur in 1310 led to the decline of Tamil dynasties leading to the dominance of people with Prakrit and Sanskrit heritage, the languages of Ahichatra in Uttarkhand, the original home town of Aryan people (Nagavanshi Kshatriyas and Brahmins).

The folk song rich in native elements

Malayalam poetry to the late 20th century betrays varying degrees of the fusion of the three different strands. The oldest examples of Pattu and Manipravalam, respectively, are ''Ramacharitam'' and ''Vaishikatantram'', both from the 12th century.

The earliest extant prose work in the language is a commentary in simple Malayalam, ''Bhashakautaliyam'' (12th century) on Chanakya’s ''Arthasastra''. Adhyathmaramayanam by Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan (known as the father of the Malayalam language) who was born in Tirur, one of the most important works in Malayalam literature. Unnuneeli Sandesam written in the 14th century is amongst the oldest literary works in Malayalam language.

By the end of 18th century some of the Christian missionaries from Kerala started writing in Malayalam but mostly travelogues, Dictionaries and Religious books. Varthamana Pusthakam (1778), written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar is considered to be the first travelogue in an Indian language. Church Mission Society which started a seminary at Kottayam in 1819 also started a press which printed Malayalam books in 19th century. Malayalam and Sanskrit were increasingly studied by Christians of Kottayam and pathanamthitta by the end of 19th century Malayalam replaced Syriac as language of Liturgy in the church.

Phonology

For the consonants and vowels, the IPA is given, followed by the Malayalam character and the ISO 15919 transliteration.

Vowels

{|class="wikitable" ! rowspan=2 |   ! colspan=3 | Short ! colspan=3 | Long |- ! Front ! Central ! Back ! Front ! Central ! Back |- ! Close | align=center| ഇ i | align=center| * ŭ | align=center| ഉ u | align=center| ഈ ī |   | align=center| ഊ ū |- ! Mid | align=center| എ e | align=center| * a | align=center| ഒ o | align=center| ഏ ē |   | align=center| ഓ ō |- ! Open |   | align=center| അ a |   |   | align=center| ആ ā |   |}

* is the , an epenthentic vowel in Malayalam. Therefore, it has no independent vowel letter (because it never occurs at the beginning of words) but, when it comes after a consonant, there are various ways of representing it. In medieval times, it was just represented with the symbol for , but later on it was just completely omitted (that is, written as an inherent vowel). In modern times, it is written in two different ways – the Northern style, in which a chandrakkala is used, and the Southern or Travancore style, in which the diacritic for a is attached to the preceding consonant and a chandrakkala is written above. * (phonetically central: ) and are both represented as basic or "default" vowels in the abugida script (although never occurs word-initially and therefore does not make use of the letter അ), but they are distinct vowels.

Malayalam has also borrowed the Sanskrit diphthongs of (represented in Malayalam as ഔ, au) and (represented in Malayalam as ഐ, ai), although these mostly occur only in Sanskrit loanwords. Traditionally (as in Sanskrit), four vocalic consonants (usually pronounced in Malayalam as consonants followed by the , which is not officially a vowel, and not as actual vocalic consonants) have been classified as vowels: vocalic r (ഋ, , ), long vocalic r (ൠ, , ), vocalic l (ഌ, , ) and long vocalic l (ൡ, , ). Except for the first, the other three have been omitted from the current script used in Kerala as there are no words in current Malayalam that use them.

Consonants

{|class="wikitable" |- !colspan="2"| !colspan="2"| Labial !colspan="2"| Dental !colspan="2"| Alveolar !colspan="2"| Retroflex !colspan="2"| Palatal !colspan="2"| Velar !colspan="2"| Glottal |- ! colspan="2"| Nasal |colspan="2" | മ m |colspan="2" | ന n |colspan="2" | ന * n |colspan="2" | ണ |colspan="2" | ഞ ñ |colspan="2" | ങ |colspan="2"| |- ! rowspan="2"| Stop ! plain | പ p || ബ b || ത t || ദ d || * t || || ട || ഡ || ച c || ജ j || ക k || ഗ g |colspan="2"| |- ! aspirated | ഫ ph || ഭ bh || ഥ th || ധ dh || || || ഠ || ഢ || ഛ ch || ഝ jh || ഖ kh || ഘ gh |colspan="2"| |- ! colspan="2"| Fricative | ഫ* f || |colspan="2" | സ s |colspan="2"| |colspan="2" | ഷ |colspan="2" | ശ ś |colspan="2"| || ഹ h |- ! rowspan="2"| Approximant !central |colspan=2| വ v |colspan="2"| |colspan="2"| |colspan="2" | ഴ l |colspan="2" | യ y |colspan="2"| |colspan="2"| |- !lateral |colspan="2"| |colspan="2"| |colspan="2" | ല l |colspan="2" | ള |colspan="2"| |colspan="2"| | |- ! colspan="2"| Rhotic |colspan="2"| |colspan="2"| |colspan="2" | ര r |colspan="2" | റ r |colspan="5"| |}

The unaspirated alveolar plosive stop once had a separate character but it has become obsolete, as the sound only occurs in geminate form (when geminated it is written with a റ below another റ) or immediately following other consonants (in these cases, റ or ററ is usually written in small size underneath the first consonant). The archaic letter can be found in the "t" row here.

The alveolar nasal also had a separate character that is now obsolete (it can be seen in the "n" row here) and the sound is now almost always represented by the symbol that was originally used only for the dental nasal. However, both sounds are extensively used in current colloquial and official Malayalam, and although they were allophones in Old Malayalam, they now occasionally contrast in gemination – for example, "ennāl" ("by me", first person singular pronoun in the instrumental case) and ennāl ("if that is so", elided from the original "entāl"), which are both written "ennāl".

The letter ഫ represents both , a phoneme occurring in Sanskrit loanwords, and , which is mostly found in comparatively recent borrowings from European languages. The voiceless unaspirated plosives, the nasals and the laterals can be geminated.

Grammar

Malayalam has a canonical word order of SOV (subject–object–verb) as do other Dravidian languages. Both adjectives and possessive pronouns precede the nouns they modify. Malayalam has 6 or 7 grammatical cases. Verbs are conjugated for tense, mood and aspect, but not for person, gender or number except in archaic or poetic language.

Writing system

Historically, several scripts were used to write Malayalam. Among these scripts were Vattezhuthu, Kolezhuthu and Malayanma scripts. But it was the Grantha script, another Southern Brahmi variation, which gave rise to the modern Malayalam script. It is syllabic in the sense that the sequence of graphic elements means that syllables have to be read as units, though in this system the elements representing individual vowels and consonants are for the most part readily identifiable. In the 1960s Malayalam dispensed with many special letters representing less frequent conjunct consonants and combinations of the vowel /u/ with different consonants.

Malayalam language script consists of 53 letters including 16 vowels and 37 consonants. The earlier style of writing is now substituted with a new style from 1981. This new script reduces the different letters for typeset from 900 to fewer than 90. This was mainly done to include Malayalam in the keyboards of typewriters and computers.

In 1999 a group named "Rachana Akshara Vedi", produced a set of free fonts containing the entire character repertoire of more than 900 glyphs. This was announced and released along with a text editor in the same year at Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala. In 2004, the fonts were released under the GNU GPL license by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation at the Cochin University of Science and Technology in Kochi, Kerala.

Malayalam has been written in other scripts like Roman and Arabic scripts; Arabic script particularly were taught in Madrassas in the Lakshadweep Islands.

Dialects and external influences

Variations in intonation patterns, vocabulary, and distribution of grammatical and phonological elements are observable along the parameters of region, religion, community, occupation, social stratum, style and register. Influence of Sanskrit is very prominent in formal Malayalam used in literature. Malayalam has a substantially high amount of Sanskrit loan words. Loan words and influences also from Hebrew, Syriac and Ladino abound in the Jewish Malayalam dialects, as well as English, Portuguese, Syriac and Greek in the Christian dialects, while Arabic and Persian elements predominate in the Muslim dialects. This Muslim dialect known as Mappila Malayalam is used in the Malabar region of Kerala. Another Muslim dialect called Beary bashe is used in the extreme northern part of Kerala.

The regional dialects of Malayalam can be divided into thirteen dialect areas. They are as follows: {|class=wikitable |- |South Travancore |Central Travancore |West Vempanad |- |North Travancore |Kochi (Cochin) |South Malabar |- |South Eastern Palghat |North Western Palghat |Central Malabar |- |Wayanad |North Malabar |Kasaragod |- | |Lakshadweep | |}

According to Ethnologue, the dialects are:

Malabar, Nagari-Malayalam, South Kerala, Central Kerala, North Kerala, Kayavar, Namboodiri, Moplah (Mapilla), Pulaya, Nasrani, Nayar, Kasargod.

Caste and communal dialects: Namboodiri, Nayar, Moplah (Mapilla), Pulaya, Nasrani.

Mapilla dialect is among the most divergent dialects, differing considerably from literary Malayalam.

Words adopted from Sanskrit

When words are adopted from Sanskrit, their endings are usually changed to conform to Malayalam norms:

Nouns

1. Masculine Sanskrit nouns with a Word stem ending in a short "a" take the ending "an" in the nominative singular. For example, -> . The final "n" is dropped before masculine surnames, honorifics, or titles ending in "an" and beginning with a consonant other than "n" – e.g. Krishna Menon, Krishna Kaniyaan etc., but Krishnan Ezhutthachan. Surnames ending with "ar" or "aḷ" (where these are plural forms of "an" denoting respect) are treated similarly – Krishna Pothuval, Krishna Chakyar, but Krishnan Nair, Krishnan Nambiar, as are Sanskrit surnames such "Varma(n)", "Sharma(n)", or "Gupta(n)" (rare) – e.g. Krishna Varma, Krishna Sharman. If a name is a compound, only the last element undergoes this transformation – e.g. Kr̥ṣṇa + dēva = Kr̥ṣṇadēvan, not Kr̥ṣṇandēvan.

2. Feminine words ending in a long "ā" or "ī" are changed so that they now end in a short "a" or "i", for example Sītā -> Sīta and -> . However, the long vowel still appears in compound words, such as Sītādēvi or . The long ī is generally reserved for the vocative forms of these names, although in Sanskrit the vocative actually takes a short "i". There are also a small number of nominative "ī" endings that have not been shortened – a prominent example being the word "strī" "woman".

3. Nouns that have a stem in -an and which end with a long "ā" in the masculine nominative singular have a "vŭ" added to them, for example Brahmā (stem Brahman) -> Brahmāvŭ. When the same nouns are declined in the neuter and take a short "a" ending in Sanskrit, Malayalam adds an additional "m", e.g. Brahma (neuter nominative singular of Brahman) becomes Brahmam. This is again omitted when forming compounds.

4. Words whose roots end in -an but whose nominative singular ending is -a – for example, the Sanskrit root of "Karma" is actually "Karman" – are also changed. The original root is ignored and "Karma" (the form in Malayalam being "Karmam" because it ends in a short "a") is taken as the basic form of the noun when declining. However, this does not apply to all consonant stems, as "unchangeable" stems such as "manas" ("mind") and "suhr̥t ("friend") are identical to the Malayalam nominative singular forms (although the regularly derived "manam" sometimes occurs as an alternative to "manas").

5. Sanskrit words describing things or animals rather than people with a stem in short "a" end with an "m" Malayalam. For example, -> . In most cases, this is actually the same as the Sanskrit ending, which is also "m" (or allophonically anusvara due to Sandhi) in the neuter nominative. However, "things and animals" and "people" are not always differentiated based on whether or not they are sentient beings – for example Narasimha becomes Narasiṃham and not Narasiṃhan, whereas Ananta becomes Anantan even though both are sentient. This does not strictly correspond to the Sanskrit neuter gender, as both "Narasiṃha" and "Ananta" are masculine nouns in the original Sanskrit.

6. Nouns with short vowel stems other than "a", such as "", "Prajāpati" etc. are declined with the Sanskrit stem acting as the Malayalam nominative singular (the Sanskrit nominative singular is formed by adding a visarga, e.g. Viṣṇuḥ)

7. The original Sanskrit vocative is often used in formal or poetic Malayalam, e.g. "Harē" (for Hari) or "Prabhō" (for "Prabhu" – "lord"). This is restricted to certain contexts – mainly when addressing deities or other exalted individuals, so a normal man named Hari would usually be addressed using a Malayalam vocative such as "Harī". The Sanskrit genitive is also occasionally found in Malayalam poetry, especially the personal pronouns "mama" (my/ mine) and "tava" (thy/ thine). Other cases are less common and generally restricted to the realm of Maṇipravāḷam.

8. Along with these tatsama borrowings, there are also many tadbhava words in common use. These were borrowed into Malayalam before it became distinct from Tamil. As the language did not then accommodate Sanskrit phonology as it now does, words were changed to conform to the Old Tamil phonological system. For example: -> .

Malayalam also has been influenced by Portuguese, as is evident from the use of words like ''mēśa'' for a small table, ''janāla'' for window, ''varānta'' for an open porch, and ''alamāra'' for cupboard.

For a comprehensive list of loan words, see Loan words in Malayalam.

Palindrome

The word "Malayalam" is spelled as a palindrome in English. However, it is not a palindrome in its own script, for three reasons: the third ''a'' is long and should properly be transliterated ''aa'' or ''ā''(an ''a'' with a macron) while the other ''a''’s are short; the two ''l'' consonants represent different sounds, the first ''l'' being dental (, Malayalam , Roman ''l'') (although the consonant chart below lists that sound as alveolar) and the second retroflex (, Malayalam , Roman ); and the final ''m'' is written as an anusvara, which denotes the same phoneme /m/ as in the initial ''m'' in this case, but the two ''m''’s are spelled differently (the first ''m'' is a normal ''ma'' with an inherent vowel ''a'', while the last ''m'' is a pure consonant).

See also

Demographics of India for a list of the official languages of India

Kerala

Malayalam calendar

Malayalam cinema

Malayalam journalism

Malayalam literature

Malayalam script

Kasaragod Malayalam

Tulu Script

Manipravalam

Lingua Malabar Tamul

Languages of India

List of Indian languages by total speakers

Languages with official status in India

Malayalam poetry, Poetry in Malayalam language

Malayali, people with Malayalam language as their mother tongue.

Mappila dialect of Malayalam, a sub dialect of Malayalam language spoken by Muslim communities of Kerala.

Judeo-Malayalam, a sub dialect of Malayalam spoken by Cochin Jews.

Arabi Malayalam, a system in which Malayalam language is written using modified Arabic script.

References

Further reading

External links

Malayalam Keyboard and text editor

Ethnologue report for Malayalam

Unicode Code Chart for Malayalam (PDF Format)

Malayalam typing,Free malayalam keyboard download

Category:Agglutinative languages Category:Dravidian languages Category:Languages of India Category:Kerala Category:Languages used in Tamil Nadu Category:SOV languages Category:Languages spoken in Kerala

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name	Kunchacko Boban
birth place	Kerala, India |
birth date	November 02, 1976
occupation	Actor
yearsactive	1997 - Present
other names	Chackochan
spouse	Priya }}

Kunchacko Boban (Malayalam കുഞ്ചാക്കോ ബോബന്‍; born in Alleppey, Kerala, India) is an Indian film actor who works in Malayalam cinema. He is the grandson of film producer Kunchacko of the erstwhile Udaya Studios and the grandnephew of producer Maliampurackal Appachan. He started his career with the commercially successful film ''Aniathipravu'' (1997) produced by Appachan and directed by Fazil (though his debut was as a child artist in one of Fazil's films from the early 80s). His roles in ''Nakshathrathaarattu'' (1998), ''Mayilpeelikkavu'' (1998), and ''Niram'' (1999) made him one of the popular lead actors of the late 1990s.

During the 2000s his notable films include ''Narendran Makan Jayakanthan Vaka'' (2001), the commercially successful ''Swapnakoodu'' (2003), and the critical and commercial hit ''Kasthooriman'' (2003). Although his films struggled at the box office during the mid-2000s, he made a come back with ''Gulumal: The Escape'' (2009) a comedy film starring Jayasurya.

Career

He became an instant teenage heartthrob following his first film, the Fazil-directed ''Aniyathi Pravu'' (1997). Kunchacko Boban and Shalini gained a reputation as a star pair; they went on to work together in four films. He stood out among the heroes of the late 1990s, when the middle-aged super stars concentrated on action films.

Following the success of ''Aniyathi Pravu'', Kunchacko Boban was cast in movies like ''Nakshathra Tharattu'' and ''Mayilppeelikkavu''. In ''Nakshathra Tharattu'', he was again cast opposite Shalini. Both films were fairly successful. Then he played a cameo in Fazil's ''Harikrishnans'', which marked the reunion of Mohanlal and Mammootty after 9 years.

Then came a streak of flops like ''Chandamama'', ''Ingane Oru Nila Pakshi'', ''Prem Poojari'', ''Sahayathrikakku Snehapoorvam'', etc. He had a single success in 1998, Kamal's ''Niram'', which featured him opposite Shalini for the final time. ''Dosth'' did fairly well, but in an age when Dileep had the Midas touch, Kunchako's performance was half-charged. Then he played a good comedy role in Sathyan Anthikkadu's ''Narendran Makan Jayakanthan Vaka''.

The movie ''Ee Sneha Theerathu'' fetched him a Special Jury Award at the 2004 Kerala State Film Awards.

After ''Niram'', ''Dosth'' and ''Narendran Makan Jayakanthan Vaka'', his next hits were ''Kasthoorimann'', and ''Swapnakkoodu''. In 2005 he got married and started concentrating on real estate business and was quite successful. In 2006 and 2007, he did not act much.

He returned to films in 2008 with Shafi's ''LollyPop'', which also starred Jayasurya and Bhavana. In 2009 he again paired up with Jayasurya in ''Gulumal: The Escape''.

After ''Gulumal: The Escape'', he acted in ''Mummy & Me'' and in ''Sakudumbam Shyamala''. Then he was cast in Lal Jose's ''Elsamma Enna Aankutty'', in which he had an image makeover with the character Palunni. After ''Elsamma'' he appeared in Shaji Azeez's ''Oridathoru Postman'' and Saji Surendran's ''Four Friends''. His first release in 2011, ''Traffic'' is a Superhit. His later releases ''Seniors'' and ''Three Kings'' also did extremely well at the box office.

Personal life

He is the grandson of film producer Kunchacko of the erstwhile Udaya Studios, the first film studio in Kerala. He is the grandnephew of Maliampurackal Chacko Punnoose Appachan.

Kunchako Boban married Priya Ann Samuel on 2 April 2005.

Awards

Kerala State Film Awards

2004 - Kerala State Film Award (Special Jury Award) - ''Ee Snehatherathu (Saamam)''

Asianet Film Awards 2010 - Best Star Pair Award with actress Archana Jose Kavi for ''Mummy & Me''

Vanitha Film Awards 2010 - TTK Prestige - Vanitha Film Awards: Best Star Pair Award with actress Archana Jose Kavi for ''Mummy & Me''

Mathrubhumi Film Awards

2010 - Best Star Pair Award with actress Bhama for ''Sakudumbam Shyamala''

Other Awards 2011 - Amrita-FEFKA Yuva Keerthi Award

Filmography

Year 1981 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2008 2008 Roma Asrani 2010 Archana Jose Kavi, Urvashi (actress) 2010 Bhama, Urvashi (actress) 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 Jayaram, Sheela (Tamil actress) 2011 2011 2011

No.	|	Title	Role	Director	Co-stars	Notes
1	|	''Dhanya''		Fazil	Mohanlal	As Child artist
2	|	''Aniyathipravu''	Sudheesh Kumar	Fazil	Shalini, Sudheesh, Harishree Ashokan	First film as a Hero.
3	|	''Nakshathrathaarattu''	Sunil	K. Shankar	Shalini, Jagadish
4	|	''Mayilpeelikkavu''	Krishnanunni/Manu	Anil Babu	Jomol, Jagathy Sreekumar	Double Role
5	|	''Harikrishnans''	Sudharsanan	Fazil	Mohanlal, Mammootty, Juhi Chawla
6	|	''Mazhavillu''	Mahesh Menon	Dinesh Babu	Preeti Jhangiani, Vineeth	Shot in Germany.
7	|	''Chandamama''	Unni	Murali Krishnan	Jagathy Sreekumar, Harisree Asokan
8	|	''Prem Pujari''	Prem Jacob	Hariharan (director)>Hariharan	Shalini
9	|	''Niram''	Eby	Kamaluddin Mohammed>Kamal	Shalini, Jomol
10	|	''Priyam''	Benny	Sanal	Deepa, Jagathy Sreekumar, Thilakan	Remake of Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke
11	|	''Ingane Oru Nilapakshi''	Charlie	Anil Babu	Sneha (actress)>Sneha, Kalabhavan Mani	Sneha (actress)>Sneha
12	|	''Satyam Shivam Sundaram''	Chandrahasan	Rafi Mecartin	Aswathi, Jagadish, Harisree Ashokan
13	|	''Sahayathrikakku Snehapoorvam''	Saji	M Shankar	Kavya Madhavan
14	|	''Dosth''	Vijay	Thulasidas	Kavya Madhavan, Dileep (Malayalam actor)>Dileep	First film with Dileep
15	|	''Narendra Makan Jayakanthan Vaka''	Jayakanthan	Sathyan Anthikad	Samyuktha Varma, Sreenivasan (actor)>Sreenivasan	First film with Sathyan Anthikad
16	|	''Snehitan''	Joji	Jose Thomas	Preethi Vijayakumar, Krishna
17	|	''Thilana Thilana''	Cameo	T S Saji	Krishna, Jomol, Kaveri	Special appearance
18	|	''Puthooramputhri Unniyarcha''	Aromalunni	P. G. Viswambharan	Jomol, Vani Viswanath
20	|	Kalyanaraman (film)>Kalyanaraman''	Unni	Shafi	Dileep (Malayalam actor)>Dileep, Navya Nair
21	|	''Mayamohithachandran''	Chandran	Shibu Prabhakar	Renuka Menon	Not yet released
22	|	''Mullavalliyum Thenmavum''	Shelly	V. K. Prakash	Indrajith
23	|	''Kasthoorimann''	Sajan Joseph Alukka	A. K. Lohithadas	Meera Jasmine, Cochin Haneefa
24	|	''Swapnam Kondu Thulabharam''	Aniyan Kuttan	Rajasenan	Suresh Gopi, Jagathy Sreekumar
25	|	''Swapnakoodu''	Deepu Narayan	Kamaluddin Mohammed>Kamal	Meera Jasmine, Prithviraj Sukumaran>Prithviraj, Jayasurya
26	|	''Jalolsavam''	Alackal Chandran	Sibi Malayil	Navya Nair, Jagadish
27	|	''Ee Snehatheerathu''	Unni	Prof Sivaprasad	Nedumudi Venu, Jagathy Sreekumar, Lal	First award winning performance.
28	|	''Iruvattam Manavatti''	Gautham	Sanal	Kavya Madhavan, Harisree Ashokan
29	|	''Junior Senior''	Kichu	G Sreekantan	Meenakshi, Mukesh	Remake of Yes Boss
30	|	Five Fingers (2005 film)>Five Fingers''	Manu	Sajeev Raj	Karthika
31	|	''Hridayathil Sookshikkan''	Sreenath	Rajesh Pillai	Bhavana, Harisree Ashokan
32	|	''Kilukkam Kilukilukkam''	Roy	Sandhya Mohan	Kavya Madhavan, Jayasurya,	Second part of Kilukkam
33	|	''Twenty:20''	Cameo	Joshy	Mammootty, Mohan Lal, Dileep (Malayalam actor)>Dileep, Suresh Gopi, Jayaram	Special appearance in ''Hey deewana'' song
34	|	''LollyPop''	Eby	Shafi	Roma, Prithviraj , Jayasurya, ||
35	2009 ||	''Gulumal: The Escape''	Ravi Varma	V. K. Prakash	Mithra Kurian, Jayasurya	Full Time Comedy Roll
36	|	''Mummy & Me''	Rahul	Jithu Joseph	Urvashi Mukesh||
37	|	''Sakudumbam Shyamala''	Akash	Radhakrishnan Mangalath	Urvashi, Saikumar||
38	|	''Elsamma Enna Aankutty''	Palunni/Unni Krishnan	Lal Jose	Ann Augustine, Indrajith, Manikkuttan	Won 4 awards for his character in the film.
39	|	''Oridathoru Postman''	Reghu Nandan	Shaji Azeez	Meera Nandan, Innocent (actor)>Innocent, Sarathkumar,
40	|	Four Friends (2010 film)>Four Friends''	Suriya	Saji Surendran	Sarayu, Jayaram, Jayasurya, Meera Jasmine
41	|	Traffic (2011 film)>Traffic''	Dr. Abel Thariyan	Rajesh Pillai	Ramya Nambeeshan, Sreenivasan (actor)>Sreenivasan, Vineeth Sreenivasan,Asif Ali
42	|	''Makeup Man''	Himself	Shafi	Sheela, Prithviraj|| As Himself
43	|	Race (2011 film)>Race''	Cardiologist Eby Abraham	Kukku Surendran	Mamta Mohandas, Indrajith
44	|	''Seniors''	Rex Manuel	Vaishakh	Jayaram (actor)>Jayaram, Manoj K Jayan, Biju Menon
45	|	Three Kings (2011 film)>Three Kings''	Ramanunni Raja	V.K.Prakash	Jayasurya, Indrajith, Ann Augustine,Samvrutha Sunil

In production

Title 2011 2011 Bhavana Balachandran 2011 2011

No. !! Year	|	Role	Co-stars	Director	Notes
1	|	Sevens (film)>Sevens	Shyam	Asif Ali, Bhama, Rima Kallingal, Nadia Moidu		Joshi (director)>Joshiy	Releasing on August 31,2011
	2	|	Doctor Love (film)>Doctor Love''	VinayaChandran	Bhavana, Ananya, Innocent,||	Biju Arukkootty	Releasing on September 09,2011
	3	|	''Sandwich''	Sai	Richai Panai,Ananya (actress)>Ananya	M.S Manu	Shooting on Progress
	4	|	Spanish Masala	Rahul	Dileep (Malayalam actor)>Dileep, Daniela Zacherl, Biju Menon, Vinaya Prasad, Kalarenjini	Lal Jose	Shooting on Progress at Spain

Announced

Title 2011 2011 2011

No. !! Year	|	Role	Co-stars	Director	Notes
			1	|	Mallu Singhs		Prithviraj Sukumaran>Prithviraj, Rima Kallingal	Vaishakh
	2	|	Ordinary (film)>Ordinary''	Bus conductor	[asif ali], Biju Menon, ann agustin	Sugeeth
	3	|	Krack Jack		Jayasurya	Tivin

References

http://www.filmfare.com/awards/malayalam/best-actor-male.php http://vpn-reviews.blogspot.com/2011/07/three-kings.html

External links

Category:Kerala State Film Award winners Category:Living people Category:Malayali actors Category:Saint Thomas Christians Category:Indian Roman Catholics Category:People from Kerala Category:1976 births

ml:കുഞ്ചാക്കോ ബോബന്‍

name	Samvrutha Sunil
birth date	October 31, 1986
birth place	Kannur, Kerala
occupation	Film actress
yearsactive	2004 - present
parents	Sunil and Sadhana Sibling Sanjuktha
awards	}}

Samvrutha Sunil (also known as Samvritha) (born October 31, 1986) is a South Indian actress from Kerala. She was introduced to the film industry through a Malayalam film ''Rasikan'' opposite Dileep. She had acted in several films in Tamil and Malayalam. Samvrutha was born in Kannur district in the state of Kerala. She was a student at St. Teresas A.I.G.H.S. school in Kannur.

Personal life

Samvrutha was born in Kannur, in North Kerala to Sunil and Sadhana on October 31, 1986.

Acting career

Samvrutha's entry into the film industry happened with ''Rasikan'' (2004) with Dileep in the lead. The film was not a significant success but she was noted. After ''Rasikan'', she played characterless movies like ''Nerariyan CBI'' (2005) and ''Chandrolsavam'' (2005). It was her character Sherly in Lal Jose's ''Achanurangatha Veedu'' (2005) which became an eye opener to her. She became more popular in the melodious song sequence "Pachappanamthathe.. " from the movie ''Nottam'' (2006), which had a catchy beat and was picturised well. Her characters in ''Moonamathoral'' (2006), ''Pothen Vava'' (2006) and ''Vaasthavam'' (2006) were memorable. Her latest releases, ''Hello'' (2007), ''Arabikatha'' (2007), ''Chocolate'' (2007), ''Minnaminnikoottam'' (2008), and ''Thirakkatha'' (2008), have been super hits. She appeared in a guest role in Priyanandanan's ''Pulijanmam'' (2006) and Rafi Mecartin's ''Hello'' (2007).

After her Tamil debut ''Uyir'', where she played the heroine opposite Srikanth. Her debut Telugu movie was ''Evadithe Nakenti'' (2007), a remake of Malayalayam hit ''Lion''. Her hobbies include watching movies, riding her motorcycle and "sleeping". Her first film was to be titled ''Hello'' and directed by Ranjith had planned to do a film with the same title, but it got shelved. Had it been filmed, it would have been her first film. She was also considered for the movie ''Nandanam'' to play Balamani’s character, but the shooting was planned during her board examination. So her parents decided against her acting in that film. Starting with ''Rasikan'', Samvritha went on to do three films with director Lal Jose, to whom she fondly refers as her mentor.

Awards

Asianet Film Award

2008: Supporting Actress Award - ''Minnaminnikoottam''

2010: Character Actress Award - ''Cocktail''

Filmography

Malayalam films

Year	! Title	! Notes
rowspan="4"	2011	''Asuravithu''
	''The King & the Commissioner''
	''Three Kings''
	''Manikiakkallu''
rowspan="5"	2010	Cocktail (Malayalam film)>Cocktail''
	''Kaalchilambu''
	''Punyam Aham''
	''Chekavar''
	''Happy Husbands''
rowspan="6"	2009	''Neelathaamara''
	''Anamika''
	''Robinhood''
	''Ivar Vivahitharayal''
	''Bhagyadevatha''	Cameo Role
	''Vairam''
rowspan="2"	2008	''Thirakkatha''
	''Minnaminnikoottam''
rowspan="5"	2007	''Romeoo''
	''Chocolate''
	''Arabikatha''
	''Hallo''	Cameo role
	''Janmam''
rowspan="6"	2006	''Vaasthavam''
	Pothan Vava
	''Moonnamathoral''
	''Nottam''
	''Pulijanmam''	National Award-winning film (2006)
	''Achanurangatha Veedu''
rowspan="2"	2005	''Nerariyan CBI''
	''Chandrolsavam''
	rowspan="1"	2004	Rasikan

Tamil films

''Uyir'' (2006)

Telugu films

''Evadithe Naakenti''

Notes

External links

samvruthasunil.com

Samvritha Sunil Complete Pics

Category:Malayali actors Category:People from Kannur Category:Living people Category:Tamil actors Category:1986 births

it:Samvrutha Sunil ml:സംവൃത സുനിൽ

name	Lal Jose
birth place	Vallapad, Kerala, India
othername	Lallu
occupation	Film director
yearsactive	1989–present
website	http://www.directorlaljose.com
filmfareawards	Best Film Director - ''Meesa Madhavan''
awards	Mathrubhumi Awards Hit maker of the Year - ''Meesa Madhavan'' }}

Lal Jose is an Indian film director. His debut film as a director is ''Oru Maravathoor Kanavu'' (1998). His popular films include ''Meesa Madhavan'' (2002), ''Classmates'' (2006) Arabikkatha'' (2007),and ''Elsamma Enna Aankutty.

Biography

Born in Valapad in Thrissur, Kerala, Lal Jose did his schooling at NSS KPT School and NSS College Ottapalam. After completing his degree, he left for Chennai, with an aim of getting into movies. He got into the world of cinema by assisting noted director Kamal. He worked with Kamal in 16 films, from ''Pradheshika Varthakkal'' to ''Krishnagudiyil Oru PranayaKalathu''. He also worked as associate director to prominent filmmakers like Thampy Kannamthanam, Lohithadas, Harikumar, Vinayan, K. K. Haridas, and Nizar. In 1998, he made his debut as an independent director with ''Oru Maravathoor Kanavu'', which starred Mammootty and was scripted by Sreenivasan. It was actor Mammooty who asked Lal Jose to direct a film for him. The huge success of his debut movie ''Oru Maravathoor Kanavu'' earned him a positive reputation. The photography and narration style was appreciated by many critics. His next venture was ''Chandranudikkunna Dikhil'' in 2000, with Dileep as hero, which did well at the box office. In 2001, Lal Jose directed ''Randaam Bhavam'' starring Suresh Gopi. Even though was critically appreciated, this film bombed at the box office. Years later, when shown on TV, this film received a huge positive response and the performance of Suresh Gopi is now considered among his best.

In 2002 Lal Jose, teaming up with screenwriter Renjan Pramod, who had earlier scripted ''Randaam Bhaavam'', came up with ''Meesa Madhavan'', which was a milestone in his career along with that of Dileep. ''Meesa Madhavan'' was a huge hit and established Dileep as a new super star. But his next film ''Pattalam'' bombed in 2003. The next film, ''Rasikan'', released in 2005 was also a huge flop. But Lal Jose proved his critics wrong in the same year with ''Chanthupottu'', starring Dileep. The huge box-office success of ''Chanthupottu'' took Lal Jose's career to new heights. Dileep's performance in this film was also highly appreciated. In 2006, Lal Jose brought out ''Achanurangatha Veedu'', a low-budget film, which failed to bring audiences to the movie halls, though it won critical appreciation.

Lal Jose created a mania in Kerala in 2006 with ''Classmates'', which broke all the collection records in the Malayalam cinema industry. Released without much publicity, with no big stars, this film became the highest grossing film in Malayalam, until its record was broken by ''Twenty:20'' two years later. In 2007, he did ''Arabikkatha'', with Sreenivasan in a leading role. ''Arabikkatha'' was both critically and commercially a big hit. His next movie ''Mulla'', starring Dileep, got a cold response and did no good for either Lal Jose or Dileep. In 2009, Lal Jose directed ''Neelathaamara'', written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair, which was a remake of the 30-year-old movie with the same name. This film was accepted well by the critics and the masses. He also directed a story with Mammootty as lead in ''Kerala Cafe'' in 2010.he also directed the film elsama ena ankutty without multystars this film not intrest the poepole.

Most of his films have music composed by Vidyasagar , except for a couple of low-budget ventures.

Lal Jose has now been the project director of "Celebrate Keralam", a platform for creative and skilled professionals including documentary makers, photographers, writers, journalists, film makers, musicians, actors and art lovers to put their hands and minds together to fulfill their passion and give something back to their cherished homeland Keralam.

Critical appreciation

The films of Lal Jose are generally appreciated by both masses and critics alike. His films are generally set in villages and he is widely appreciated for his ability to shoot songs. He is also famous for choosing different subjects and themes for films.

Trivia

Starting from ''Oru Maravathoor Kanavu'', Biju Menon and Sukumari are regular faces in most of his films.

Indrajith is another regular face in his films.

Lal Jose appeared as himself in the film ''Rock & Roll''.

He appeared in cameo roles in ''Azhakiya Ravanan'' and ''Best Actor''.

Awards

Asianet Film Awards

2007: Best Director Award for ''Arabikkatha''

Ramu Karyat Awards

2010: Best Director Award for ''Elsamma Enna Aankutty''

Filmography

As director

!Film !Sreenivasan (actor) 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2009 Kailash (actor) 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year !! Screenwriter !! Cast !! Language !! Lyrics !! Music !! Notes
''Oru Maravathoor Kanavu''	1998	Sreenivasan ||	Mammootty, Divya Unni, Biju Menon,Mohini	Malayalam	Gireesh Puthenchery	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	super hit
''Chandranudikkunna Dikhil	Chandranudikkunna Dikkil''	|	Babu Janardhanan	Dileep (actor)>Dileep, Kavya Madhavan, Biju Menon,Lal ,Samyuktha Varma	Malayalam	S. Ramesan Nair	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	average
''Randaam Bhavam''	|	Ranjan Pramod	Suresh Gopi, Lal (actor)>Lal ,Biju Menon,Poornima	Malayalam	Gireesh Puthenchery	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	flop
''Meesa Madhavan''	|	Ranjan Pramod	Dileep (actor)>Dileep, Kavya Madhavan, Indrajith	Malayalam	Gireesh Puthenchery	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	mega hit
''Pattalam (2003 film)	Pattalam''	|	Reji Nair	Mammootty, Tessa, Indrajith ,Biju Menon	Malayalam	Gireesh Puthenchery	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	flop
''Rasikan''	|	V. G. Muralikrishnan	Dileep (actor)>Dileep, Samvrutha Sunil,Biju Menon,Siddharth V. G. Muralikrishnan	Malayalam	Gireesh Puthenchery	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	average
''Chanthupottu''	|	Benny P. Nayarambalam	Dileep (actor)>Dileep, Gopika, Indrajith,Biju Menon	Malayalam	Vayalar Sharath	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	super hit
''Achanurangatha Veedu''	|	Babu Janardhanan	Salim Kumar, Muktha Elsa George>Muktha, Prithviraj,indrajith,Samvrutha	Malayalam	Vayalar Sharath	Alex Paul	hit
''Classmates (2006 film)	Classmates''	|	James Albert (screenwriter)>James Albert	Prithviraj Sukumaran>Prithviraj, Jayasurya, Kavya Madhavan, Indrajith	Malayalam	Vayalar Sharath	Alex Paul	megha hit
''Arabikkatha''	|	Ikbal Kuttipuram	Sreenivasan (actor)>Sreenivasan, Jayasurya, Indrajith	Malayalam	Anil Panachooran	Bijibal	super hit
''Mulla (film)	Mulla''	|	M. Sindhuraj	Dileep (actor)>Dileep, Meera Nandan ,Biju Menon	Malayalam	Vayalar Sharath	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	average
''Neelathamara (2009 film)	Neelathaamara''	|	M. T. Vasudevan Nair	Kailash, Arachana Kavi ||	Malayalam	Vayalar Sharath	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	M. T. Vasudevan Nair>M. T. and is a remake of ''Neelathamara'', which MT had written years back and had been directed by Yusufali Kecheri. average
''Kerala Cafe''	|	Based on C. V. Sreeraman's short story "Puramkazchakal"	Mammootty, Sreenivasan	Malayalam	Rafeeq Ahmed	Bijibal	average
''Elsamma Enna Aankutty''	|	M. Sindhuraj	Kunchako Boban, Indrajith, Ann Augustine	Malayalam	Rafeeq Ahmed	Rajamani	megha hit
''Spanish Masala''	|	Benny P. Nayarambalam	Dileep (actor)>Dileep, Kunchako Boban, Biju Menon	Malayalam	Venugopal	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	Shooting entirely in Spain, Started on August 1st. Film will release in November
''Cousins''	|	Ikbal Kuttipuram	Mohanlal, Prithviraj, Jagathy	Malayalam	Rafeeq Ahmed	Vidyasagar (music director)>Vidyasagar	Production took over by Seven Arts. Shooting will commerce on JAN 2012

As second unit or assistant director

''Meenathil Thalikettu'' (1998) (story and associate director)

''Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu'' (1997) (assistant director)

''Manasam'' (1997) (assistant director)

''Mazhayethum Munpe'' (1995) (assistant director)

''Maanthrikam'' (1995) (assistant director)

''Vadhu Doctoranu'' (1994) (assistant director)

''Champakulam Thachan'' (1992) (assistant director)

''Ennodishtam Koodamo'' (1992) (assistant director)

''Pookkalam Varavayi'' (1991) (assistant director)

''Ulladakkam'' (1991) (assistant director)

''Pradeshika Varthakal'' (1989) (assistant director)

''Udyana Palakan'' (associate director)

Story

''Meenathil Thalikettu'' (1998)

Casting

Lal Jose is noted for his particular association with certain actors or using the actors in more of his directorial ventures.

Films !! Dileep (actor)	Dileep !! Biju Menon !! Indrajith !! Samvrutha Sunil !! Jagathy Sreekumar !! Kavya Madhavan !! Sukumari !! Sreenivasan !! Salim Kumar
''Oru Maravathoor Kanavu'' (1998)		|
''Chandranudikkunna Dikhil'' (1999)	|
''Randaam Bhavam'' (2001)	|
''Meesa Madhavan'' (2002)	|
''Pattalam (2003 film)	Pattalam'' (2003)	|
''Rasikan'' (2004)	|
''Chanthupottu'' (2005)	|
''Achanurangatha Veedu'' (2006)	|
''Classmates (2006 film)	Classmates'' (2006)	|
''Arabikkatha'' (2007)	|
''Mulla (film)	Mulla'' (2008)	|
''Kerala Cafe'' (''Puram Kazchakal'') (2009)	|
''Neelathamara (2009 film)	Neelathaamara'' (2009)	|
''Elsamma Enna Aankutty'' (2010)	|
''Spanish Masala (film)	Spanish Masala'' (2011)	|

External links

Official Website

'Cinema of Malayalam' profile

Keralacafe

Category:Malayalam film directors Category:People from Kerala Category:Malayali people Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Indian film directors

ml:ലാൽ ജോസ്‌