Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: , ''drama''), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: , ''dran''). The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception. The early modern tragedy ''Hamlet'' (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy ''Oedipus the King'' (c. 429 BCE) by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama. A modern example is ''Long Day's Journey into Night'' by Eugene O’Neill (1956).

The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's ''Poetics'' (c. 335 BCE)—the earliest work of dramatic theory.

The use of "drama" in the narrow sense to designate a specific ''type'' of play dates from the 19th century. Drama in this sense refers to a play that is ''neither'' a comedy nor a tragedy—for example, Zola's ''Thérèse Raquin'' (1873) or Chekhov's ''Ivanov'' (1887). It is this narrow sense that the film and television industry and film studies adopted to describe "drama" as a genre within their respective media. "Radio drama" has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in a live performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio.

Drama is often combined with music and dance: the drama in opera is generally sung throughout; musicals generally include both spoken dialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have incidental music or musical accompaniment underscoring the dialogue (melodrama and Japanese Nō, for example). In certain periods of history (the ancient Roman and modern Romantic) some dramas have been written to be read rather than performed. In improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance; performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience.

History of Western drama

Classical Athenian drama

Western drama originates in classical Greece. The theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama: tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating the god Dionysus. Historians know the names of many ancient Greek dramatists, not least Thespis, who is credited with the innovation of an actor ("''hypokrites''") who speaks (rather than sings) and impersonates a character (rather than speaking in his own person), while interacting with the chorus and its leader ("''coryphaeus''"), who were a traditional part of the performance of non-dramatic poetry (dithyrambic, lyric and epic). Only a small fraction of the work of five dramatists, however, has survived to this day: we have a small number of complete texts by the tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, and the comic writers Aristophanes and, from the late 4th century, Menander. Aeschylus' historical tragedy ''The Persians'' is the oldest surviving drama, although when it won first prize at the City Dionysia competition in 472 BCE, he had been writing plays for more than 25 years. The competition ("''agon''") for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BCE; official records ("''didaskaliai''") begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introduced. Tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays (though the individual works were not necessarily connected by story or theme), which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play (though exceptions were made, as with Euripides' ''Alcestis'' in 438 BCE). Comedy was officially recognised with a prize in the competition from 487 to 486 BCE. Five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia (though during the Peloponnesian War this may have been reduced to three), each offering a single comedy. Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between "old comedy" (5th century BCE), "middle comedy" (4th century BCE) and "new comedy" (late 4th century to 2nd BCE).

Roman drama

Following the expansion of the Roman Republic (509–27 BCE) into several Greek territories between 270–240 BCE, Rome encountered Greek drama. From the later years of the republic and by means of the Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE), theatre spread west across Europe, around the Mediterranean and reached England; Roman theatre was more varied, extensive and sophisticated than that of any culture before it. While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, the year 240 BCE marks the beginning of regular Roman drama. From the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favour of a broader variety of theatrical entertainments. The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BCE. Five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama. No plays from either writer have survived. While both dramatists composed in both genres, Andronicus was most appreciated for his tragedies and Naevius for his comedies; their successors tended to specialise in one or the other, which led to a separation of the subsequent development of each type of drama. By the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, drama was firmly established in Rome and a guild of writers (''collegium poetarum'') had been formed. The Roman comedies that have survived are all ''fabula palliata'' (comedies based on Greek subjects) and come from two dramatists: Titus Maccius Plautus (Plautus) and Publius Terentius Afer (Terence). In re-working the Greek originals, the Roman comic dramatists abolished the role of the chorus in dividing the drama into episodes and introduced musical accompaniment to its dialogue (between one-third of the dialogue in the comedies of Plautus and two-thirds in those of Terence). The action of all scenes is set in the exterior location of a street and its complications often follow from eavesdropping. Plautus, the more popular of the two, wrote between 205 and 184 BCE and twenty of his comedies survive, of which his farces are best known; he was admired for the wit of his dialogue and his use of a variety of poetic meters. All of the six comedies that Terence wrote between 166 and 160 BCE have survived; the complexity of his plots, in which he often combined several Greek originals, was sometimes denounced, but his double-plots enabled a sophisticated presentation of contrasting human behaviour. No early Roman tragedy survives, though it was highly regarded in its day; historians know of three early tragedians—Quintus Ennius, Marcus Pacuvius and Lucius Accius. From the time of the empire, the work of two tragedians survives—one is an unknown author, while the other is the Stoic philosopher Seneca. Nine of Seneca's tragedies survive, all of which are ''fabula crepidata'' (tragedies adapted from Greek originals); his ''Phaedra'', for example, was based on Euripides' ''Hippolytus''. Historians do not know who wrote the only extant example of the ''fabula praetexta'' (tragedies based on Roman subjects), ''Octavia'', but in former times it was mistakenly attributed to Seneca due to his appearance as a character in the tragedy.

Medieval

In the Middle Ages, drama in the vernacular languages of Europe may have emerged from religious enactments of the liturgy. Mystery plays were presented on the porch of the cathedrals or by strolling players on feast days. Miracle and mystery plays, along with moralities and interludes, later evolved into more elaborate forms of drama, such as was seen on the Elizabethan stages.

Elizabethan and Jacobean

One of the great flowerings of drama in England occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries. Many of these plays were written in verse, particularly iambic pentameter. In addition to Shakespeare, such authors as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Middleton, and Ben Jonson were prominent playwrights during this period. As in the medieval period, historical plays celebrated the lives of past kings, enhancing the image of the Tudor monarchy. Authors of this period drew some of their storylines from Greek mythology and Roman mythology or from the plays of eminent Roman playwrights such as Plautus and Terence.

Modern and postmodern

The pivotal and innovative contributions of the 19th-century Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen and the 20th-century German theatre practitioner Bertolt Brecht dominate modern drama; each inspired a tradition of imitators, which include many of the greatest playwrights of the modern era. The works of both playwrights are, in their different ways, both modernist and realist, incorporating formal experimentation, meta-theatricality, and social critique. In terms of the traditional theoretical discourse of genre, Ibsen's work has been described as the culmination of "liberal tragedy", while Brecht's has been aligned with an historicised comedy.

Other important playwrights of the modern era include August Strindberg, Anton Chekhov, Frank Wedekind, Maurice Maeterlinck, Federico García Lorca, Eugene O'Neill, Luigi Pirandello, George Bernard Shaw, Ernst Toller, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, Jean Genet, Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Dario Fo, Heiner Müller, and Caryl Churchill.

Asian drama

India

The earliest form of Indian drama was the Sanskrit drama. It began after the development of Greek and Roman drama and before the development of theatre in other parts of Asia. It emerged sometime between the 2nd century BCE and the 1st century CE and flourished between the 1st century CE and the 10th, which was a period of relative peace in the history of India during which hundreds of plays were written. With the Islamic conquests that began in the 10th and 11th centuries, theatre was discouraged or forbidden entirely. Later, in an attempt to re-assert indigenous values and ideas, village theatre was encouraged across the subcontinent, developing in a large number of regional languages from the 15th to the 19th centuries. Modern Indian theatre developed during the period of colonial rule under the British Empire, from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th.

Sanskrit theatre

The earliest-surviving fragments of Sanskrit drama date from the 1st century CE. The wealth of archeological evidence from earlier periods offers no indication of the existence of a tradition of theatre. The ancient ''Vedas'' (hymns from between 1500 to 1000 BCE that are among the earliest examples of literature in the world) contain no hint of it (although a small number are composed in a form of dialogue) and the rituals of the Vedic period do not appear to have developed into theatre. The ''Mahābhāṣya'' by Patañjali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of Sanskrit drama. This treatise on grammar from 140 BCE provides a feasible date for the beginnings of theatre in India.

The major source of evidence for Sanskrit theatre is ''A Treatise on Theatre'' (''Nātyaśāstra''), a compendium whose date of composition is uncertain (estimates range from 200 BCE to 200 CE) and whose authorship is attributed to Bharata Muni. The ''Treatise'' is the most complete work of dramaturgy in the ancient world. It addresses acting, dance, music, dramatic construction, architecture, costuming, make-up, props, the organisation of companies, the audience, competitions, and offers a mythological account of the origin of theatre.

Its drama is regarded as the highest achievement of Sanskrit literature. It utilised stock characters, such as the hero (''nayaka''), heroine (''nayika''), or clown (''vidusaka''). Actors may have specialised in a particular type. It was patronized by the kings as well as village assemblies. Famous early playwrights include Bhasa, Kalidasa (famous for ''Vikrama and Urvashi'', ''Malavika and Agnimitra'', and ''The Recognition of Shakuntala''), Śudraka (famous for ''The Little Clay Cart''), Asvaghosa, Daṇḍin, and Emperor Harsha (famous for ''Nagananda'', ''Ratnavali'' and ''Priyadarsika''). ''Śakuntalā'' (in English translation) influenced Goethe's ''Faust'' (1808–1832).

Modern Indian drama

Rabindranath Tagore, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913, is probably India's best-known modern playwright. His plays are written in Bengali and include ''Chitra'' (''Chitrangada'', 1892), ''The King of the Dark Chamber'' (''Raja'', 1910), ''The Post Office'' (''Dakghar'', 1913), and ''Red Oleander'' (''Raktakarabi'', 1924).

China

Chinese theatre has a long and complex history. Today it is often called Chinese opera although this normally refers specifically to the popular form known as Beijing Opera and Kunqu; there have been many other forms of theatre in China.

Japan

Japanese Nō drama is a serious dramatic form that combines drama, music, and dance into a complete aesthetic performance experience. It developed in the 14th and 15th centuries and has its own musical instruments and performance techniques, which were often handed down from father to son. The performers were generally male (for both male and female roles), although female amateurs also perform Nō dramas. Nō drama was supported by the government, and particularly the military, with many military commanders having their own troupes and sometimes performing themselves. It is still performed in Japan today.

Kyōgen is the comic counterpart to Nō drama. It concentrates more on dialogue and less on music, although Nō instrumentalists sometimes appear also in Kyōgen. Kabuki drama, developed from the 17th century, is another comic form, which includes dance.

Forms of drama

Opera

Western opera is a dramatic art form, which arose during the Renaissance in an attempt to revive the classical Greek drama tradition in which both music and theatre were combined. Being strongly intertwined with western classical music, the opera has undergone enormous changes in the past four centuries and it is an important form of theatre until this day. Noteworthy is the huge influence of the German 19th century composer Richard Wagner on the opera tradition. In his view, there was no proper balance between music and theatre in the operas of his time, because the music seemed to be more important than the dramatic aspects in these works. To restore the connection with the traditional Greek drama, he entirely renewed the operatic format, and to emphasize the equal importance of music and drama in these new works, he called them "music dramas".

Chinese opera has seen a more conservative development over a somewhat longer period of time.

Pantomime

These stories follow in the tradition of fables and folk tales, usually there is a lesson learned, and with some help from the audience the hero/heroine saves the day. This kind of play uses stock characters seen in masque and again commedia dell'arte, these characters include the villain (doctore), the clown/servant (Arlechino/Harlequin/buttons), the lovers etc. These plays usually have an emphasis on moral dilemmas, and good always triumphs over evil, this kind of play is also very entertaining making it a very effective way of reaching many people.

Creative drama

Creative drama includes dramatic activities and games used primarily in educational settings with children. Its roots in the United States began in the early 1900s. Winifred Ward is considered to be the founder of creative drama in education, establishing the first academic use of drama in Evanston, Illinois .

Legal status

UK

The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 does not define a dramatic work except to state that it includes a work of dance or mime. However, it is clear that dramatic work includes the scenario or script for films, plays (written for theatre, cinema, television or radio). and choreographic works.

See also

Applied Drama

Augustan drama

Christian drama

Closet drama

Costume drama

Crime drama

Domestic drama

Dramatic structure

Dramatic theory

Flash drama

Folk play

Heroic drama

History of theatre

Legal drama

Medical drama

Melodrama

Monodrama

Mystery play

One act play

Play

Political drama

Radio drama

Soap opera

Theatre awards

Two-hander

Verse drama and dramatic verse

Well-made play

Yakshagana—An Indian musical drama

Notes

Sources

Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. ''The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521434378.

Baumer, Rachel Van M., and James R. Brandon, eds. 1981. ''Sanskrit Theatre in Performance.'' Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993. ISBN 978-8120807723.

Brandon, James R. 1981. Introduction. In Baumer and Brandon (1981, xvii–xx).

---, ed. 1997. ''The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre.''' 2nd, rev. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. ISBN 978-0521588225.

Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy. 2003. ''History of the Theatre''. Ninth edition, International edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0205410502.

Brown, Andrew. 1998. "Ancient Greece." In ''The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.'' Ed. Martin Banham. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 441–447. ISBN 0521434378.

Carlson, Marvin. 1993. ''Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present.'' Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801481543.

Cartledge, Paul. 1997. "'Deep Plays': Theatre as Process in Greek Civic Life." In Easterling (1997c, 3–35).

Duchartre, Pierre Louis. 1929. ''The Italian Comedy''. Unabridged republication. New York: Dover, 1966. ISBN 0486216799.

Dukore, Bernard F., ed. 1974. ''Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to ''. Florence, Kentucky: Heinle & Heinle. ISBN 0030911524.

Durant, Will & Ariel Durant. 1963 ''The Story of Civilization, Volume II: The Life of Greece''. 11 vols. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Easterling, P. E. 1997a. "A Show for Dionysus." In Easterling (1997c, 36–53).

—. 1997b. "Form and Performance." In Easterling (1997c, 151–177).

—, ed. 1997c. ''The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy''. Cambridge Companions to Literature ser. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. ISBN 0521423511.

Elam, Keir. 1980. ''The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama''. New Accents Ser. London and New York: Methuen. ISBN 0416720609.

Fergusson, Francis. 1949. ''The Idea of a Theater: A Study of Ten Plays, The Art of Drama in a Changing Perspective.'' Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1968. ISBN 0691012881.

Goldhill, Simon. 1997. "The Audience of Athenian Tragedy." In Easterling (1997c, 54–68).

Gordon, Mel. 1983. ''Lazzi: The Comic Routines of the Commedia dell'Arte''. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications. ISBN 0933826699.

Harsh, Philip Whaley. 1944. ''A Handbook of Classical Drama''. Stanford: Stanford UP; Oxford: Oxford UP.

Johnstone, Keith. 1981. ''Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre'' Rev. ed. London: Methuen, 2007. ISBN 0713687010.

Ley, Graham. 2006. ''A Short Introduction to the Ancient Greek Theater.'' Rev. ed. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. ISBN 0226477614.

---. 2007. ''The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy: Playing Space and Chorus.'' Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. ISBN 0226477576.

Pfister, Manfred. 1977. ''The Theory and Analysis of Drama''. Trans. John Halliday. European Studies in English Literature Ser. Cambridige: Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN 052142383X.

Rehm, Rush. 1992. ''Greek Tragic Theatre.'' Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415118948.

Richmond, Farley. 1998. "India." In Banham (1998, 516–525).

Richmond, Farley P., Darius L. Swann, and Phillip B. Zarrilli, eds. 1993. ''Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance.'' U of Hawaii P. ISBN 978-0824813222.

Spolin, Viola. 1967. ''Improvisation for the Theater''. Third rev. ed Evanston, Il.: Northwestern University Press, 1999. ISBN 081014008X.

Taxidou, Olga. 2004. ''Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning''. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP. ISBN 0748619879.

Weimann, Robert. 1978. ''Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition in the Theater: Studies in the Social Dimension of Dramatic Form and Function.'' Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801835062.

Weimann, Robert. 2000. ''Author's Pen and Actor's Voice: Playing and Writing in Shakespeare's Theatre''. Ed. Helen Higbee and William West. Cambridge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521787351.

External links

Greek & Roman Mask Timeline

Category:Entertainment

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Nasir Chinyoti (ناصر چنیوٹی) is a Pakistani actor. He is a comedian, stage, and TV actor. He is from Chiniot.He started his acting at Multan Stage. He has starred in many stage dramas/telefilms in various languages, including Urdu and Punjabi. He is most notable for comedy stage dramas based in Lahore. He is famous for using improvised dialogue during stage plays.

Nasir Chinyoti has acted with a number of other comedy actors including Babu Baral, Sohail Ahmad, Iftikhar Thakur, Anwar Ali, Tariq Teddy, Naseem Vicky, Amanat Chan, Sakhawat Naz, Nawaz Anjum, and Sajan Abbas.

Stage Drama

# Roti Khol Diyo-Part 1 # Darbaar Lagao-Part 1 # Tere Nakhre Hazar # Munda Panji Saal Da # Money Hai To Honey Hai # Wellay Nikamay-Part 2 # Billo Billi Aur Bali # Bunti Aur Babli # Ik Wohti Teen Laray # Kuriyan Mithiyan Churiyan # Mehbooba Hero Aashiq Zero # Mela # Non Stop Deewaney # Ghoonghat Utha Loon # Wellay Aashiq # Miss Kum Kum # Do Rangeelay # Jinay Sada Dil Lutiya # Mirch Masala # Lahore Aya Lahore # Eid Da Chan # Payal Bajay Chan Chan Chan # Mithiyan sharatan # Uff Yeh Biwiyan # Ishiq Hai Sanu Sathieay

See also

Abid Khan

Babu Baral

Amanullah(actor)

Mastana (actor)

sohail Ahmad

Shoki Khan

Iftikhar Thakur

Tariq Teddy

Naseem Vicky

Sardar Kamal

Zaferi Khan

Asif Iqbal (actor)

Sakhawat Naz

Sajan Abbas

Akram Udas

Nawaz Anjum

Qasir Pia

Pakistani Stage Dancers

References

Category:Living people Category:Punjabi people Category:People from Chiniot District Category:Pakistani actors Category:People from Lahore Category:Pakistani television actors Category:Pakistani stage actors Category:Pakistani comedians Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

ur:ناصر چنیوٹی

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	Mr G
first	Big Bite (2003)
last	2008 Logies (2008)
alias	Helen Gregson
gender	Male
occupation	Drama teacher
portrayer	Chris Lilley
creator	Chris Lilley }}

Helen "Greg" Gregson, best known as Mr G, is one of the three fictional characters portrayed by Chris Lilley in the mockumentary series, ''Summer Heights High''.

Biography

Mr G is a thirty-six year old drama teacher at Summer Heights High. Mr G not only believes that he is an incredibly talented and well-liked teacher, but that his students also share his intense passion for drama and performance. He is in constant conflict with himself and other members of staff, particularly the school principal. His self-centred attitude causes him to frequently lose his temper with the students, and he is hostile to the disabled students being involved, under the belief that they will damage the quality of his musical. It is clear that he is unaware that his own perception of his teaching abilities is not shared by most students. He has written several musicals for the school, including "Tsunamarama", based on the events of the 2004 Asian Tsunami, set to the music of Bananarama. He also regularly featured on the Australian television series ''Big Bite''.

On the show Summer Heights High, Mr G wrote a musical based on the death of a student, Annabel Dickson, from a drug overdose. The musical was originally called ''Annabel Dickson: The Musical'' and portrayed Annabel as a promiscuous drug addict. However, it is established early on that Mr G had no direct dealings with Annabel. Due to Annabel's parents being unhappy with the script, the focus of the musical changes from being about Annabel to Mr G and how he deals with Annabel's demise. As the show progresses, the musical ultimately becomes the story of how Mr G tried to help Annabel with her drug habit.

One of the main songs from the musical was "Naughty Girl", a song told through the voice of Mr G, which describes Annabel's plight. Other songs include "She's a Slut and She Knows It", "My Name is Mr G" and "Bummer Heights High". In the official CD single release, as well as in the play itself, Annabel's name was changed to Jessica.

One of Mr. G's desires is to construct a lavish performing arts centre named after himself. Since he has trouble convincing the administration to fund this endeavour, he decides that proceeds from "Mr. G: The Musical" are to be directed toward its construction. The enormous building which would likely eclipse the school in height would be able to host arena spectaculars. Despite the loyalty of his friend, science teacher Rodney Parsons, there will not be a room for dramatic sciences.

Greg is also in charge of school evacuations. He states that "I like to use my acting skills to create the drama of the situation". Another useful fact is that he has an above average sense of smell, which enables him to control certain behaviours amongst the students. He regularly "smells" pupils to detect alcohol, graffiti pens, and cannabis.

Logies

Mr G appeared at the 50th Annual 2008 TV Week Logie Awards performing songs from "Mr G the Musical" along with other characters from the series.

CD single release

On 1 March 2008, a single of "Naughty Girl" was released, featuring five additional remixes of the song. It peaked at No. 7 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart.

;Australian single track listing #"Naughty Girl" #"Naughty Girl" (Jessica's Addiction Remix) #"Naughty Girl" (Styalz Fuego Remix) #"Naughty Girl" (Paul Mac's Extended 12") #"Naughty Girl" (Cloud Club Remix) #"Naughty Girl" (a cappella)

External links

Mr G on MySpace

References

G, Mr Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2007 Category:Fictional Australian people

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
Series	Entourage
Name	Johnny Chase
Alias	Johnny Drama
Portrayer	Kevin Dillon
Hometown	Queens, New York, New York
Relatives	Vincent Chase (half-brother), Rita Chase (mother)
Occupation	Actor
Significantother	Single }}

Jonathan "Johnny" Chase is a fictional character on the comedy-drama television series ''Entourage''. He is played by Kevin Dillon. He is often addressed by other characters as Johnny Drama or Drama, but it is not made clear whether this is just a nickname or whether he actually has used the name Johnny Drama as a stage name.

The character is based on Mark Wahlberg's cousin's friend, Johnny Alves.

Fictional biography

Drama is the older half-brother of popular actor Vincent Chase. Drama has been a C-list actor for most of his career, best known for his starring role as Tarvold in a cult television series, ''Viking Quest''. Later in ''Entourage'', he is cast in another series, ''Five Towns'', which scores 16 million viewers on its premiere. He left the hit show after a run in with a TV executive. Not long after, he was given a holding deal by the network for his own show.

In the first season of ''Entourage'', Drama has not had a serious acting gig for three years. Instead, he is Vincent's chef and fitness consultant, often watching out for his brother and making sure he eats right. His personality is alternately macho and warm-hearted, pompous and insecure. His acting range is limited by a wooden style, but he constantly brings up bit roles he has played over the years in such movies and television shows as ''Barbershop'', ''Melrose Place'', ''Nash Bridges'', ''The Commish'', ''A Different World'', ''Pacific Blue'', ''Full House'', ''21 Jump Street'', ''Beverly Hills, 90210'', and ''Star Trek'' as well as a national television commercial for herpes drug Valtrex, and tries to give acting advice to his brother. He starred as Tarvold in the fictional science fiction series ''Viking Quest'', which spawned his catchphrase "Victory!". In the episode "Drive", Drama reveals he is a Razzie Award winner.

He is always looking to capitalize on Vincent's success, which pays off with a supporting role in a film called ''Queens Boulevard'', a bit part in another film ''Medellin'', and an appearance in a flashy Chinese commercial that Vincent does. Although he occasionally finds his little brother's charity emasculating, he almost never turns it down. While it would seem that he is nothing more than a leech, Johnny cares deeply for his brother and the rest of the group, springing to their help when needed. Johnny is a member of the union Screen Actors Guild (SAG).

Drama lands a role as the "older Irish brother" in ''Five Towns'', an Edward Burns television pilot; Burns felt he owed Drama because Drama turned down a role in Burns' successful real-life film ''The Brothers McMullen'', forcing Burns to play it himself. The pilot was picked up in the episode "The Resurrection". After the ''Five Towns'' pilot performed very well, Drama effectively resumed a successful career and bought out a $1.5 million condominium. He was mistakenly offered a lead role in ''Rush Hour 3'' by Brett Ratner when Ratner's assistant misread the credits in Drama's show and picked Drama instead of his younger co-star. Drama still however was able to coerce Ratner to give him a role as a French bus driver. During the hiatus of ''Five Towns'', Drama followed Eric, Vince, and Turtle to the ''Medellin'' set and successfully secured a role in the film as a military leader who infiltrates Escobar's compound in the movie's climax. However, before this, Drama stirred up trouble by claiming to have received a handjob from the film's lead actress (portrayed by Sofia Vergara), who director Billy Walsh was infatuated with. It is unclear whether this handjob actually occurred, as Turtle finds it unbelievable, coupled with Drama's tendency to exaggerate his macho image, particularly on camera. In the Season 4 season finale, while at the Cannes Film Festival in France greeting the large fan base and cult following of ''Viking Quest'', Drama meets and becomes involved with Jacqueline and begins a long distance relationship with her after he gets back to LA. Drama increased his profile in France inadvertently by having sex on the beach with Jacqueline for three hours. In the end they stop after he sees a large crowd and his friends and brother cheer him on.

Drama claims to be Irish and Chilean, and may be part Japanese. In "Gary's Desk", Drama along with Turtle and Vincent have their own offices in Eric's company, The Murphy Group.

Though it is never shown that Drama is fluent in multiple languages, he has quoted words in Spanish, French, Yiddish and Hebrew.

In the Season Five finale, Johnny becomes the co-owner of a Queens bar with Turtle's cousin Ronnie. Ronnie them had the bar renamed "Johnny Drama's". After that he became a partner with the owner who had to settle a gambling debt problem.

In Season Six, ''Five Towns'' is still filming and is still a successful show. This changes for Drama when he threatens ''Five Towns'' NBC network executive Dan Cokley after he suspects Cokley is trying to sleep with Turtle's girlfriend, Jamie Lynn Sigler. Cokley decides that instead of firing Drama, he will convince the writers to torture and humiliate Drama's character on ''Five Towns''. Drama soon decides that he has enough of his character getting bad scenes and tries to get out of his contract on ''Five Towns'' and sign on to star on ''Melrose Place 2009'' after ''Melrose Place'' producer Phil Yagoda offered him to audition for a role. Drama had been fired from the original ''Melrose Place'' series in 1993.

In the season finale, after Drama's agent Lloyd Lee resigns from his secretary position at Ari Gold's agency to accept an offer from Gold's rival, Adam Davies at the Terrence McQuewick Agency, where Gold was fired from in 2005. Drama becomes unstable after hearing Lloyd's departure. Ari and Lloyd compete to get him out of his ''Five Towns'' contract and onto ''Melrose Place 2009''. Drama is impressed by Ari's capability, so he verbally agrees to make Ari his permanent agent. However, an impassioned speech by Lloyd convinces Drama that he should remain with Lloyd who is more sincere and concerned for Drama. At the first ''Melrose Place 2009'' audition, Drama fears rejection and has a mild heart attack and mental breakdown, urinating in his pants. Drama then eventually decides that he is an actor and must redo the audition. He does well at the audition, but he is turned down by the network for being "too old". Phil Yagoda then notifies Drama that the network decided that he is ready to have a series created for him and offers an exclusive holding deal, which Drama had never had before. Delighted, Drama and Vince head to Italy to film Vince's new movie. His quote is now at least $100,000 (per episode) higher than it was on ''Five Towns'' for which he made $75,000 per episode.

In Season Eight, Drama does voice acting for a successful animated series called ''Johnny's Bananas'', an urban comedy where all characters are primarily apes and monkeys. His co-star is Andrew Dice Clay, and the show was created by Billy Walsh.

Interests

Drama is a New York Mets fan. He has a Notre Dame leprechaun tattoo on his right leg. He also loves the Irish band U2; his motto for their concerts is "Floor level or bust". Drama prefers José Cuervo tequila and Johnnie Walker Blue. He also likes enjoying "a good steak, a bottle of red, a couple cigars and some good conversation." He has attended an S&M; seminar.

Relation to Vincent

Drama's exact relationship to Vincent is not clear. They are consistently referred to as brothers, but Turtle once emphasized that Johnny was Vince's ''half''-brother and that Vincent thought Drama was his cousin until Vince was 14. On the HBO ''Entourage'' web site, Drama is also referred to as Vince's half-brother.

Vince and Drama share the same last name. They ''appear'' to have the same mother in the episode "Aquamom" when Johnny calls himself her "first born". However, Drama calls Vincent's mother "''your'' mom" in the episode "My Maserati Does 185". However, this could possibly be explained as him referring to her informally as mom if she was a main mother figure in his life.

Drama may be simply very close to Vince's mother, Rita Chase, due to the fact that the line in "My Maserati Does 185" about their shared father is a definitive genetical statement said in a genuine sense. This means that Rita may not actually be Drama's biological mother, but either his stepmother and/or adoptive mother, with Vince and Johnny having the same biological father, who was an alcoholic and left the family when both were relatively young.

Rita Chase may indeed be Johnny's biological mother. His line in "Aquamom", along with the fact that "Aquamom" came ''after'' "My Maserati Does 185" may support this theory. This creates, what Entourage creator Doug Ellin has referred to as an auto-perspective angle in which the audience can assume one or the other in reference to Johnny's actual parentage.

During Season Six, Johnny mentions his insecurities to the executive producer of ''Five Towns'' saying, "It could be my own insecurity about feeling my mother loved Vince more than she does me", alluding that Johnny's mother is Rita. It is believed that Johnny was born shortly after his parents left high school, thus explaining the age gap between himself and Vince.

Drama is at least nine years older than Vince.

Relationship history

Relationships prior to the show

Drama had a relationship with a girl named Stacy LaRosa. Apparently Drama ended their relationship prior to Valentines Day so he would not have to buy her a present. Drama had anal sex with a girl named Jess Mancini during high school, and he made her ride her bike home afterwards. Drama was married at one time, for nine days. The marriage was annulled.

Relationships during the show

In the first season, Drama had a fling with a muscular woman. He ended this relationship because she was too tough for him and he felt emasculated. In the second season, Drama had a relationship with Vanessa Angel. It is unclear how long the relationship lasted.

In the second season, Drama had a devil's threesome with Turtle and Cassie, Shuana's assistant in the episode"The Sundance Kids".

In the third season, Drama fools around with a female dog owner in the episode "Dog Day Afternoon". The relationship didn’t last because of Turtle, so Drama was unable to see the girl in the future.

In the fourth season, Drama has sex with a woman while both are dressed in animal costume. The woman makes squirrel-like sounds and gestures, while Drama wears a pink rabbit suit and head, simply going along with it so he could have sex. This episode covered somewhat in depth the "Furry" lifestyle of being attracted to costumes and stuffed animals/fluffy animal type suits.

In the fourth season, Drama found a new girlfriend, Jacqueline, at the Cannes Festival and had sex with her on the beach.

In the fifth season, Jacqueline ends her romantic relationship with Drama due to his obsession with her.

In the sixth season, Drama has sex with a girl named Kelly that works at a clothing store. She apparently had sex with Seth Rogen when she was drunk.

In the sixth season, Drama had sex with a girl named Tara, three months before Eric had sex with her. Tara gave Drama a sexually transmitted disease.

Fictional filmography

''Miami Vice'' ''The New New Love Boat'' ''Barfly (film) ''License to Drive'' ''227 (TV series) ''A Different World (TV series) ''Booker (TV series) ''Cop Rock'' ''L.A. Law'' ''Beverly Hills, 90210'' ''Point Break'' ''NYPD Blue'' ''Melrose Place (1992 TV series) ''Amongst Friends'' ''Full House'' ''The Commish'' ''227'' ''Concrete Heat'' ''My So-Called Life'' ''Cornelius and Son'' ''Last One Left'' ''Beautiful Girls (film) ''Pacific Blue (TV series) ''Viking Quest'' ''Kissing a Fool'' ''Star Trek: Voyager'' ''Nash Bridges'' ''7th Heaven'' ''Barbershop (film) ''The Practice'' ''Law & Order: SVU'' ''Crossing Jordan'' ''Head On'' ''Jimmy Kimmel Live!'' ''Queens Boulevard'' Chinese energy drink television commercial ''Gotcha!'' ''five towns#Popular culture ''Rush Hour 3'' ''Medellin'' ''The View (U.S. TV series) Johnny's Bananas

Year	Title	Role	Notes
-	|	Cocaine Informant	guest star
-	|	Merrill Stubing	pilot never aired
1987	Barfly'' ||	Extra	uncredited; 3 days' work
1988	|	Unknown
1988	227'' ||	Building Inspector	guest star
1989	A Different World'' ||	Drunk Frat Guy	guest star
1989	Booker'' ||	Dead Body	guest star
1990	|	Singing Felon	guest star
1991	|	Mute Clerk	guest star
1991	|	Eddie	Donna Martin>Donna's stalker
1991	|	Stoned Surfer #5	uncredited
1993	|	Dead Body	guest star; Kevin Dillon actually guest-starred in three episodes of ''NYPD Blue'' as a police officer.
1993	Melrose Place'' ||		lead guest star
1993	|	Kid in Trunk
1994	''The Crow''
1994	|	Jesse Katsopolis>Uncle Jesse's Tough-Guy Nephew	guest star
1994	|	Bulimic Pedophile	guest star
1994	|		guest star
1994	|		starred with Andrew Dice Clay. Cancelled after one week
1994–1995	|		guest star; Drama mentions a stunt in which he falls down a flight of stairs
1995	|		recurring guest star
1995	|	Taxi Driver	guest part
1996	Beautiful Girls'' ||	stand-in	Fired for fighting with Matt Dillon
1997	Pacific Blue'' ||	Officer Ross Harper	recurring guest star
1997	|	Tarvold	Drama's first lead role; co-starred with Vanessa Angel
1998	|	Cubs Fan
1998	|	Klingon	guest star
1999	|	Retarded Brother	guest star; "Season 3, Episode 7" (actual airdate: October 31, 1997)
2001	|	High School Swimmer With Alopecia
2002	Barbershop'' ||	Customer	uncredited; scenes cut from film
2003	|	Law Clerk	guest star
2004	|	Dead Body	guest star
2004	|	Bank Robber	guest star
2004	|	Thug	appears with his half-brother Vince
2004	|	Himself	surprise appearance on the show with Vince
2005	|	Bookie	small bit-part with Vince
2005	|	Un-named role	cameo appearance>cameo with Vince
2006	|	Himself	target of a prank involving Chuck Liddell, in the pilot episode of Paulie Shore's celebrity hidden camera show (a la ''Punk'd'').
2006–2009	Five Towns'' ||	Quinn	Drama's second-ever lead role. About five Irish brothers who "run" the five towns of long island. Produced by Edward Burns, who also directed the pilot. Has shot at least 87 episodes. Currently airing on NBC. Left the show after three seasons.
2007	|	French Bus Driver	Scenes cut from film
2007	|	U.S. Army General	cameo; appears alongside Vince
2008	The View'' ||	Himself	The cast of ''Five Towns'' made an appearance as special guests on the show.
2011	|	TBA (lead role)	lead role; in development

References

External links

Official HBO web page

Official page at MySpace

Johnny 'Drama' Chase in ''Entourage Wiki'' at Wikia

''Entourage'' Official HBO web page

Category:Entourage (TV series) characters Category:Fictional actors Category:Fictional American people of Irish descent Category:Fictional Hispanic and Latino American people Category:Fictional American people of Japanese descent Category:Fictional characters from California Category:Fictional characters from New York City

fr:Johnny Chase

:''Not to be confused with Drama (rapper).''

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Tyree Cinque Simmons
Alias	Drama Boy
Birth date	April 22, 1978
Origin	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	DJ, record producer
Years active	2001–present
Label	E1 Music, Aphilliates Music Group, TM3 Records
Associated acts	Don Cannon, T.I., Lil Wayne, Willie the Kid, Smokey, Roscoe Dash, Wiz Khalifa, Trey Songz, Fabolous
website	GangstaGrillz.com }}

Tyree Cinque Simmons (born April 22, 1978 in, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) better known as DJ Drama is an American hip hop artist and the official DJ for Grand Hustle/Atlantic recording artist T.I... He is best known for producing mixtapes, including the successful "Gangsta Grillz" series and ''Dedication 2'', which the ''New York Times'' called one of the "10 best recordings of 2006".

DJ Drama, Don Cannon, and DJ Sense founded Aphilliates Music Group in 2003. The Aphilliates Music Group inked a label deal with Asylum Records in 2006, signing rapper Willie the Kid. As of January 2011, The Aphilliates now operates as its own entity, due to DJ Drama recently cutting ties with La the Darkman and Embassy Entertainment.

Music career

DJ Drama's debut album, ''Gangsta Grillz: The Album'', was released in December 2007 on the Grand Hustle label. The album's first street single, "Takin Pictures", was released in 2007 and featured Young Jeezy, Willie the Kid, Jim Jones, Rick Ross, Young Buck and T.I., while the first single, "5000 Ones", featuring Nelly, T.I., Yung Joc, Willie the Kid, Young Jeezy and Twista, debuted on BET. The second single, "The Art of Storytellin' Part 4", was released in 2008 and featured OutKast and Marsha Ambrosius. In 2009, DJ Drama released his second album entitled ''Gangsta Grillz: The Album (Vol. 2)'', the first single was "Day Dreaming", which featured Akon, Snoop Dogg and T.I. The second single was "Ridiculous", which featured Gucci Mane, Yo Gotti, Lonnie Mac and OJ da Juiceman. Both singles were released in 2009. DJ Drama will release his third studio album, ''Third Power'', in 2011. The Gangsta Grillz album reunites DJ Drama and Don Cannon who had gone their separate ways for a few years after a lot of fighting and arguing as business partners. He is married to video vixen Summer Walker.

Film career

DJ Drama has appeared in T.I.'s ''ATL'' in 2006, and T-Pain's ''Freaknik: The Musical'' in 2010.

Discography

Albums

{|class="wikitable" !rowspan=2|Year !rowspan=2|Title !colspan=4|Chart positions !rowspan=2|Sales |- !width=40|US !width=40|US R&B; !width=40|US Rap !width=40|US Comp |- |2007 |''Gangsta Grillz: The Album''

Released: December 4, 2007

Label: Grand Hustle/Atlantic

|align=center|26 |align=center|3 |align=center|2 |align=center|29 |

US: 320,000+

|- |2009 |''Gangsta Grillz: The Album (Vol. 2)''

Released: May 19, 2009

Label: Grand Hustle/Atlantic

|align=center|26 |align=center|5 |align=center|4 |align=center|26 |

US: 75,000+

|- |2011 |''Third Power'' Released: October 4, 2011

Label: Aphilliates/E1

|align=center colspan=5|

To be released

|}

Singles

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !rowspan="2"|Year !rowspan="2"|Song !colspan="3"|Chart positions !rowspan="2"|Album |- !width="40"|US !width="40"|US
R&B; !width="40"|US
Rap |- |2007 |align="left"|"5000 Ones"
(featuring Nelly, T.I., Yung Joc, Willie the Kid, Young Jeezy, Diddy & Twista) |align="center"|— |align="center"|73 |align="center"|— |rowspan="2"|''Gangsta Grillz: The Album'' |- |2008 |align="left"|"The Art of Storytellin' Part 4"
(featuring OutKast & Marsha Ambrosius) |align="center"|— |align="center"|91 |align="center"|— |- |rowspan="2"|2009 |align="left"|"Day Dreaming"
(featuring Akon, Snoop Dogg, & T.I.) |align="center"|— |align="center"|88 |align="center"|— |rowspan="2"|''Gangsta Grillz: The Album (Vol. 2)'' |- |align="left"|"Ridiculous"
(featuring Gucci Mane, Yo Gotti, Lonnie Mac, & OJ da Juiceman) |align="center"|— |align="center"|104 |align="center"|— |- |rowspan="2"|2011 |align="Left"|"Oh My"
(featuring Fabolous, Wiz Khalifa & Roscoe Dash) |align="center"|95 |align="center"|18 |align="center"|12 |rowspan="2"|''Third Power'' |- |align="left"|"Words of Advice"
(featuring Lil Wayne, Mack Maine & Kevin Cossom) |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |}

Awards

BET Hip Hop Awards

*DJ of the Year (Nominated)

Ozone Awards

*2008, Best Mixtape (''Hood Generals'') with BG (Won)

*''Note: The award was a tie with Chamillionaire's Mixtape Messiah 3''

References

Notes

Interview with DJ Drama's sister after the January 16th raid, Mixtapeshow.net, January 27, 2007

April 2007 Interview, Allhiphop.com, April 2007

Jeff Leeds, "Cracking down on mixtape CDs", New York Times, January 22, 2007

Samantha M. Shapiro, "Hip-hop outlaw (industry version)", New York Times Magazine, February 18, 2007

"Exclusive: DJ Drama Q&A;", Rhapsody.com, January 11, 2008

External links

Gangsta Grillz website

The Aphilliates

DJ Drama at MTV

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[[Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Hip hop DJs Category:Mixtape DJs Category:People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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