name	Calafia
first	ca. 1500
creator	Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo
gender	female
occupation	Ruler of the Island of California
title	Queen Calafia
spouse	Initially none, later she marries Talanque
religion	Pagan, later Christian
nationality	Californian }}

Calafia is a fictional warrior queen who ruled over a kingdom of Black women living on the mythical Island of California. The character of Queen Calafia was created by Spanish writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo who first introduced her in his popular novel entitled ''Las sergas de Esplandián'' (The Adventures of Esplandián), written around 1500.

In the novel, Calafia is a pagan who is convinced to raise an army of women warriors and sail away from California with a large flock of trained griffins so that she can join a Muslim battle against Christians who are defending Constantinople. In the siege, the griffins harm enemy and friendly forces, so they are withdrawn. Calafia and her ally Radiaro fight in single combat against the Christian leaders, a king and his son the knight Esplandián. Calafia is bested and taken prisoner, and she converts to Christianity. She marries a cousin of Esplandián and returns with her army to California for further adventures.

The name of ''Calafia'' was likely formed from the Arabic word ''khalifa'' (religious state leader) which is known as caliph in English and ''califa'' in Spanish. Similarly, the name of Calafia's monarchy, ''California'', likely originated from the same root, fabricated by the author to remind the 16th century Spanish reader of the ''reconquista'', a centuries-long fight between Christians and Moslems which had recently concluded in Spain. The character of Calafia is used by de Montalvo to portray the superiority of chivalry in which the attractive virgin queen is conquered, converted to Christian beliefs and married off. The book was very popular for many decades—Hernán Cortés read it—and it was selected by author Miguel de Cervantes as the first of many popular and assumed harmful books to be burnt by characters in his famous novel ''Don Quixote''.

Calafia, also called Califia, has been depicted as the Spirit of California, and has been the subject of modern-day sculpture, paintings, stories and films; she often figures in the myth of California's origin, symbolizing an untamed and bountiful land prior to European settlement.

Character[link]

In the book ''The Adventures of Esplandián'', after many pages of battles and adventures, the story of Calafia is introduced as a curiosity, an interlude in the narrative. Calafia is introduced as a regal black woman, courageous, strong of limb and large in person, full in the bloom of womanhood, the most beautiful of a long line of queens who ruled over the mythical realm of California. She is said to be "desirous of achieving great things"; she wanted to see the world and plunder a portion of it with superior fighting ability, using her army of women warriors. She commanded a fleet of ships with which she demanded tribute from surrounding lands, and she kept an aerial defense force of griffins, fabulous animals which were native to California, trained to kill any man they found.

Calafia meets Radiaro, a Moslem warrior who convinces her that she should join him in retaking Constantinople from the Christian armies holding it. Calafia, in turn, convinces her people to take their ships, weapons, armor, riding beasts, and 500 griffins, and sail with her to Turkey to fight the Christians, though she has no concept of what it means to be Moslem or Christian. Her subjects arm themselves with weapons and armor made of gold, as there is no other metal in California. They fill their ships with supplies and hasten to sea.

Landing near Constantinople, Calafia meets with other Moslem warrior leaders who were unable to remove King Amadis and his Christian allies from the city, and she tells them all to hold back and watch her manner of combat—she says they will be amazed. The next morning, she and her women warriors mount their "fierce beasts" wearing gold armor "adorned with the most precious stones", advancing to invest the city. Calafia orders the griffins forward and they, hungry from the long sea voyage, fly out and maul the city's defenders. Sating their hunger, the griffins continue to snatch Christian men in their claws and carry them high in air only to drop them to their deaths. The city's defenders cower and hide from the griffins. Seeing this, Calafia passes word to her Moslem allies that they are free to advance and take the city. The griffins, however, cannot tell Moslem from Christian; they can only tell man from woman. The griffins begin snatching Moslem soldiers and carrying them aloft, dropping and killing them. Calafia questions her pagan faith, saying, "O ye idols in whom I believe and worship, what is this which has happened as favorably to my enemies as to my friends?" She orders her woman warriors to take the city's battlements and they fight well, taking many injuries from arrows and quarrels piercing the soft gold metal of their armor. Calafia orders her allies forward to assist the Californians in battle, but the griffins pounce again, killing Moslem men. She directs the griffin trainers to call them off, and the griffins return to roost in the ships.

This inauspicious beginning weighed heavily on Calafia. To restore their honor she directed her forces to fight alongside those of her allies, with the griffins kept in the ships. Terrific battles raged along the city's walls but the attackers were repulsed. Calafia led a picked group of women warriors to attack a city gate, one held by Norandel, the half-brother of King Amadis. Norandel charged out of the gate against Calafia; upon meeting their two lances were broken but the warriors remained standing. They struck at each other with sword and knife, and a general melee ensued, Calafia throwing knights from their horses and taking great blows on her shield. Two more knights charge forward from the city, nobles named Talanque (a nephew of King Amadis) and Maneli, a prince of Ireland. These men nearly swamp Calafia in blows, and she can only be pulled back to friendly forces by her sister Liota who attacks the two knights "like a mad lioness". The day's battle left many dead including 200 of Calafia's women.

The story continues with the arrival of several more Christian princes and their armies. Radiaro and Calafia issue a challenge to two Christian warriors to engage them in single combat for the purpose of deciding the battle. King Amadis and his son Esplandián accept the challenge. The black-skinned warrior woman chosen as messenger tells Calafia that Esplandián is the most handsome and elegant man that has ever existed. Calafia determines that she must see the man herself before engaging him in combat. She stays awake all night wondering whether to wear royal robes or warrior's armor. Deciding in favor of a thick golden toga embroidered with jewels, topped by a golden hood, she rode to meet her enemies, escorted by 2,000 women warriors. After being seated among the Christian kings, she immediately recognized Esplandián from his great beauty, and fell in love with him. She tells him she will meet him on the field of battle and, if they should live, that she wishes to speak further with him. Esplandián considers Calafia an infidel, an abomination of the rightfully subservient position of woman in relation to man, and he makes no response.

The next day, Calafia duels with King Amadis, and Radiaro duels with Esplandián. With Leonorina, his betrothed, looking on, Esplandián masters Radiaro with a flurry of weapon thrusts. Calafia and Amadis trade blows until he disarms her and knocks her helmet off. Both Calafia and Radario surrender to the Christians. While being held prisoner, Calafia acknowledges the astonishing beauty of Leonorina, daughter of the Constantinople emperor and the intended bride of Esplandián, and resolves not to interfere with their union. She accepts Christianity as the one true faith, saying, "I have seen the ordered order of your religion, and the great disorder of all others, I have seen that it is clear that the law which you follow must be the truth, while that which we follow is lying and falsehood." She marries Talanque, a large and handsome knight who fought with her outside the city gate; similarly, her sister Liota marries Maneli, Talanque's companion in arms. The women return to California with their husbands to establish a new dynasty complete with both sexes, as a Christian nation.

Etymology[link]

The first voyage of Christopher Columbus in the late 15th century sparked a new interest in the search for "Terrestrial Paradise", a legendary land of ease and riches, with beautiful women wearing gold and pearls. Spanish author Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo drew upon reports from the New World to add interest to his fantasy world of chivalry and battle, of riches, victory and loss, of an upside-down depiction of traditional sex roles. Around the year 1500 in his novel ''The Adventures of Esplandián'', he writes:

The explorer Hernán Cortés and his men were familiar with the book; Cortés quoted it in 1524. As governor of Mexico he sent out an expedition of two ships, one guided by the famous pilot Fortún Ximénez who led a mutiny, killing the expedition's leader, Diego Becerra, and a number of sailors faithful to Becerra. After the mutiny, Ximénez continued sailing north by northwest and, in early 1534, landed at what is known today as La Paz, Baja California Sur. Ximénez, who reported pearls found, believed the land was a large island. He and his escort of sailors were killed by natives when they went ashore for water. The few remaining sailors brought the ship and its story back to Cortés. There is some dispute whether the land was named at this time—no record exists of Ximénez giving it a name. In 1535, Cortés led an expedition back to the land, arriving on May 1, 1535, a day known as ''Santa Cruz de Mayo'', and in keeping with methods of contemporary discoverers, he named it ''Santa Cruz''. It is not known who first named the area ''California'' but between 1550 and 1556, the name appears three times in reports about Cortés written by Giovanni Battista Ramusio. However, the name ''California'' also appears in a 1542 journal kept by explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, who used it casually, as if it were already popular. In 1921, California historian Charles E. Chapman theorized that Ximénez named the new land ''California'' but the name was not accepted by Cortés because Ximénez was a mutineer who killed Becerra, a kinsman of Cortés. Despite this, the name became the one used popularly by Spaniards, the only name used by non-Spaniards, and by 1770, the entire Pacific coast controlled by Spain was officially known as California. The Spanish speaking people who lived there were called Californios.

For many years, the de Montalvo novel languished in obscurity, with no connection known between it and the name of California. In 1864, a portion of the original was translated by Edward Everett Hale for The Antiquarian Society, and the story was printed in the ''Atlantic Monthly'' magazine. Hale supposed that in inventing the names, de Montalvo held in his mind the Spanish word ''calif'', the term for a leader of the Moslem people. Hale's joint derivation of ''Calafia'' and ''California'' was accepted by many, then questioned by a few scholars who sought further proof, and offered their own interpretations. George Davidson wrote in 1910 that Hale's theory was the best yet presented, but offered his own addition. In 1917, Ruth Putnam printed an exhaustive account of the work performed up to that time. She wrote that both ''Calafia'' and ''California'' most likely came from the Arabic word ''khalifa'' which means ruler or leader. The same word in Spanish was ''califa'', easily made into ''California'' to stand for "land of the caliph", or ''Calafia'' to stand for "female caliph". Putnam discussed Davidson's 1910 theory based on the Greek word ''kalli'' (meaning beautiful) but discounted it as exceedingly unlikely, a conclusion that Dora Beale Polk agreed with in 1995, calling the theory "far-fetched". Putnam also wrote that ''The Song of Roland'' held a passing mention of a place called ''Califerne'', perhaps named thus because it was the caliph's domain, a place of infidel rebellion. Chapman elaborated on this connection in 1921: "There can be no question but that a learned man like Ordóñez de Montalvo was familiar with the ''Chanson de Roland'' ...This derivation of the word 'California' can perhaps never be proved, but it is too plausible—and it may be added too interesting—to be overlooked." Polk characterized this theory as "imaginative speculation", adding that another scholar offered the "interestingly plausible" suggestion that Roland's ''Califerne'' is a corruption of the Persian ''Kar-i-farn'', a mythological "mountain of Paradise" where griffins lived.

Legends of an island of women warriors[link]

De Montalvo's description of Calafia, her people and her country was based upon many centuries of stories of Amazons, groups of woman warriors who fought like men. As well, the story of an island paradise filled with gold and pearls was a recurring theme that de Montalvo was familiar with. In seeking new land, Spanish explorers were often led onward after hearing about a land of gold, or a land ruled by women. California historian Lynn Townsend White, Jr wrote that they considered the as-yet undiscovered California "a land of Orient with fantastic attributes". The novel about Esplandián and Calafia's domain had a strong influence on the searching Conquistadors, who believed they might find a nation of women and riches somewhere at the edge of the known world.

In Greek mythology, Amazons are described as a nation of female warriors who live in kingdoms outside of recognized civilization, women who fight with Greek warriors. They appear in many Greek tales including those by Homer, and they are usually killed or otherwise subdued by male warriors. Male hostility to the woman warriors is expressed by Dictys of Crete who wrote that an Amazon queen "transgressed the boundaries of nature and of her sex." Niketas Choniates, a medieval Greek historian, wrote about women warriors who fought alongside men in the Second Crusade, riding horses "unashamedly astride" (rather than modestly sidesaddle), dressed as men and maintaining a very warlike appearance. Jacques de Vitry, a bishop of Acre, Israel, and a historian of the Crusades, wrote about Amazons who fought who were stronger than men because their vitality was not "consumed in frequent copulation." In some stories, women warriors fought alongside Moslem men and in others they allied themselves to Christian armies.

Some of the tales of Amazons describe them as having dark skin. In Africa, King Musa I of Mali was protected by black female royal guards on his famous and influential hajj to Mecca in 1332. Johann Schiltberger wrote in 1440 about a group of non-Caucasian Tatar Amazons, Mongol giantesses led by a vengeful princess. Columbus returned to Spain with the story of an island in the Lesser Antilles called "Matinino" (perhaps modern Martinique) that was inhabited only by women, a tale told to him by many of the natives of the West Indies. Columbus did not call the Matinino women "Amazons", but the comparison was drawn by his contemporaries.

When encountering natives in the New World, Spanish explorers were occasionally told of a tribe composed entirely of women. One such tale was related to Cortés about a group of Amazons supposedly living in a province called Ciguatán. Juan de Grijalva was told of Amazons during his 1518 expedition through the Tabasco region of Mexico. Nuño de Guzmán followed tales of a nation of women who lived in riches on or near the sea, women with whiter skin who were accounted goddesses by the natives. He described how they used bows and arrows, and lived in many towns. Polk characterized Guzmán as driven by lust for sex and riches—his greed and sadism were well known.

Legacy[link]

Spanish novelist Vicente Blasco Ibáñez wrote a book entitled ''La reina Calafia'' (''Queen Calafia'') in 1924. A 1926 portrayal of Queen Calafia and her Amazons is found in a mural in the Room of the Dons at the Mark Hopkins Hotel in San Francisco. It was created for the opening of the hotel in 1926 by Maynard Dixon and Frank Von Sloun, and has been called "the first embodiment of Queen Califia" though criticized as showing her "haughty and aloof". In 1937, Lucille Lloyd unveiled her triptych mural "Origin and Development of the Name of the State of California", also known as "California Allegory", which was displayed at the State Building in Los Angeles until 1975 when the building was demolished for safety reasons. The paintings were archived, and in 1991 they were restored and mounted in the California Room of the state capitol, room 4203, renamed the John L. Burton Hearing Room. The regal central figure shows Califia dressed in proto-Mexican finery, holding a spear in her left hand and examining a gyroscope in her right.

In November 1975, the ''Plaza de Toros Calafia'' was completed, a bullfighting arena in the city of Mexicali, the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. The arena is also known as ''la reina Calafia'' (Queen Calafia). At an outdoor park in Escondido, California, the sculptor Niki de Saint Phalle built her multiple-piece "Queen Califias Magic Circle", dedicated in October 2003 after her death. The central character of Queen Califia is presented wearing gold glass armor atop a stylized giant bird. The final work on the sculpture garden was overseen by de Saint Phalle's granddaughter and by her assistants and technical advisers.

In 2004, the African American Historical and Cultural Society Museum in San Francisco assembled a Queen Califia exhibit, curated by John William Templeton, featuring works by artists such as TheArthur Wright and James Gayles; artistic interpretations of Calafia. The show displayed a 1936 treatment of Lucille Lloyd's "California Allegory" triptych, with Queen Califia as the central figure. Templeton said that "Califia is a part of California history, and she also reinforces the fact that when Cortes named this place California, he had 300 black people with him." Templeton pointed out that Columbus had a black navigator and that Africans were seen by Europeans as being culturally advanced in the 1400s. William E. Hoskins, director of the museum, said that very few people know the story of Queen Califia. He said, "One of the things we're trying to do is let people have the additional insight and appreciation for the contributions of African Americans to this wonderful country and more specifically to the state of California", adding that "the Queen Califia exhibit is particularly poignant."

Disneyland[link]

''Golden Dreams'' was a 23-minute film and multimedia experience showing the history of California through several recreated scenes, narrated by Whoopi Goldberg as Califia, the Queen of California. A bust of Goldberg attired in queenly raiment was the target of a projected image showing Goldberg narrating the story—the sculpture appeared to come to life. The attraction, at Disney California Adventure Park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened with the park on February 8, 2001. It closed to the general public on September 7, 2008, and was open only to school groups until March 2009. It was demolished in July 2009 to make way for the construction of a dark ride called The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure.

References[link]

;Footnotes ;Bibliography

Category:Characters in Spanish novels Category:Fictional queens Category:Fictional women soldiers and warriors Category:Latin American folklore Category:Pre-state history of California

it:Califia

Ole Hanson (January 6, 1874 - July 6, 1940) was an American politician who served as mayor of Seattle, Washington from 1918 to 1919. Hanson became a national figure promoting law and order when he took a hardline position during the 1919 Seattle General Strike. He then resigned as mayor, wrote a book, and toured the lecture circuit, earning tens of thousands of dollars in honoraria lecturing to conservative civic groups about his experiences and views. Hanson later left Washington and founded the city of San Clemente, California in 1925.

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Ole Hanson was born in a log cabin in Union Grove in Racine County, Wisconsin, the son of Thorsten Hanson and Goro Tostofson Hanson. He was the fifth of six children raised by the Norwegian immigrant couple.

As a teenager, the precocious Hanson worked as a tailor during the day and studied law at night. He passed the Wisconsin bar in 1893, despite being two years too young to practice law. In the end, Hanson never did work in the legal profession, instead going into the grocery business before moving west and going into real estate.

He worked as a real estate developer and co-founded Lake Forest Park, Washington in 1912 as a rural planned community for professionals in the Seattle area.

Political career[link]

Entering political life, he served in the Washington House of Representatives during 1908 and 1909. In 1912 he supported Theodore Roosevelt for President of the United States. In 1914, Hanson himself ran for the United States Senate as the candidate of the so-called Bull Moose Party. Hanson garnered nearly a quarter of the vote in the five-way race, won by Republican incumbent Wesley Livsey Jones with a 37% plurality.

In 1918, Hanson was elected the thirty-third mayor of Seattle. While in office, he became famous for claiming that he broke the Seattle General Strike of 1919, even though conservative national labor leaders pressured the Seattle unions into ending the general strike and Hanson's intervention mattered little. Nevertheless, he was hailed by some of the press as a defender of public order against labor radicals.

In April 1919, anarchists made him one of the targets of booby-trap bombs mailed to approximately 30 prominent American officials. Hanson survived the assassination attempt. He resigned as Mayor on August 28, 1919, saying: "I am tired out and am going fishing."

Following his resignation, Hanson set to work writing a book on what he perceived to be the radical menace to America, published in January 1920 in the immediate aftermath of the so-called "Palmer Raids" as ''Americanism versus Bolshevism.'' In this inflammatory tome, Hanson declared:

In Hanson's view, the fact that the 1919 Seattle general strike was peaceful belied its revolutionary nature and intent. He wrote:

Hanson toured the country giving lectures about the dangers of "domestic bolshevism." He earned $38,000 in 7 months, 5 times his annual salary as mayor.

Founding San Clemente[link]

In 1925, Hanson put some of his wealth to work by purchasing a tract at the southern tip of Orange County, California. Hanson believed that the area's pleasant climate, beautiful beaches and fertile soil would serve as a haven to Californians who were tired of urban life. He named the city San Clemente after neighboring San Clemente Island, southernmost of California's Channel Islands.

Hanson envisioned his new project as a Spanish-style coastal resort town. He proclaimed, "I have a clean canvas and I am determined to paint a clean picture. Think of it — a canvas five miles long and one and one-half miles wide!"

In an unprecedented move, Hanson had a clause added to all deeds requiring that building plans be submitted to an architectural review board in an effort to ensure that future development would retain Spanish Colonial Revival style influence. Red tile roofs became a stylistic signature of the new community. Hanson succeeded in promoting his new venture and selling property to interested buyers. The area was officially incorporated as a city on February 27, 1928.

Over the years, Hanson built various public structures in San Clemente, including the Beach Club, the Community Center, the pier, and Max Berg Plaza Park, which were later donated to the city. He also had a Spanish Style home built overlooking the San Clemente Pier. This home was later named Casa Romantica.

The Great Depression did not treat Hanson kindly. Financially leveraged with mortgages on his various property ventures, Hanson lost all his remaining holdings, including his beloved mansion in San Clemente. Hanson eventually moved along to launch a new property development at Twentynine Palms in San Bernardino County, California.

Death and legacy[link]

Ole Hanson died of a heart attack on July 6, 1940. He was 66 years old at the time of his death. Hanson was survived by his widow and ten children.

The city of San Clemente bears numerous reminders of its founding father, including the Ole Hanson historic pool which overlooks the Pacific Ocean. His home in the center of the city overlooking the historic pier was restored and opened to the community as a cultural center.

Footnotes[link]

Works[link]

''Americanism vs. Bolshevism'' Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1920.

Additional reading[link]

Jeremy Brecher, ''Strike!'' Revised edition. Boston: South End Press, 1997.

Ann Hagedorn, ''Savage Peace: Hope and Fear in America, 1919.'' New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007.

Terje I. Leiren, "Ole and the Reds: The 'Americanism' of Seattle Mayor Ole Hanson," ''Norwegian-American Studies,'' Volume 30, pg. 75.

Robert K. Murray, ''Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919-1920'' Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1955.

External links[link]

Cliffe, "Know Your Mayor: Ol' Ole Hanson," VintageSeattle.org, November 27, 2007. Retrieved September 4, 2010.

Trevor Williams, Ole Hanson's Fifteen Minutes, Seattle General Strike Project, Harry Bridges Center for Labor Studies at the University of Washington, 1999.

Category:1874 births Category:1940 deaths Category:American people of Norwegian descent Category:People from Racine County, Wisconsin Category:People from Seattle, Washington Category:People from San Clemente, California Category:People from Orange County, California Category:Members of the Washington House of Representatives Category:Attempted assassination survivors Category:Mayors of Seattle, Washington Category:American anti-communists Category:Conservatism in the United States Category:American political pundits Category:Washington (state) Progressives (1912)

name	Jesús Adrián Romero
background	solo_singer
birth name	Jesús Adrián Romero
birth date	February 16, 1965
Birth place	Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
origin	Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
genre	Christian Music
occupation	Singer, Composer and Pastor.
years active	1985–present
website	http://www.jaroficial.com }}

Jesús Adrián Romero is a Mexican author, Christian music singer, composer and pastor from Hermosillo, Sonora in Mexico.

Biography [link]

Jesús Adrián Romero was born in Hermosillo, Sonora, México. It was around the age of 16 when he first became a Christian, after he and his mother had an invitation to go to a Bible study.

In the late '80s, Jesús Adrián Romero began a musical group called 'Grupo Creación'. He and the band began playing and ministering to people through their music. Some time later, he founded the Christian community "Amistad y Vida" ("Friendship and Life") in Agua Prieta, Sonora. Currently, "Amistad y Vida" is a congregation ministering to its city, under the leadership of Pastor Santiago and Carmen Acosta.

Jesús Adrián was also an assistant pastor in "Vino Nuevo" ("New Wine" in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua), for four years, under the direction of pastor Victor Richards, where he was in charge of Bible studies in different homes and directed one of the worship groups of the congregation. For three years, he worked as praise director of the group "Hombre a Hombre" ("From man to man").

Jesús Adrián is founder and president of "Vástago Producciones," a record label dedicated to the production and distribution of Christian Music in Spanish.

He is married to Pecos Romero, and they have three children, Adrián Roberto, Jaanai Michelle, and Melissa Janet. Jesús Adrián and his family currently reside in Phoenix, Arizona.

In 2008, Jesús Adrián moved to Phoenix, Arizona to open a new church in the city of Surprise, AZ. The church is known as Vastago Epicentro. He and his wife, Pecos, are the senior pastors and are accompanied by his team from Vastago Producciones.

Discography [link]

''Soplando Vida'' (''Breathing Life'') - Album Release › May 2012

''El Brillo De Mis Ojos-Edicion Especial'' (''The Brightness of My Eyes-Special Edition'') – 2010

''El Brillo De Mis Ojos'' (''The Brightness of My Eyes'') – 2010

''Ayer Te Vi... Fue Mas Claro Que La Luna'' (''Yesterday I Saw You... It Was Clearer Than the Moon'') – 2007

''El Aire de tu Casa'' (''The Air of Your House'') – 2005

''Unplugged (Double Disc) – 2004

''Te Daré Lo Mejor'' (''I Will Give You the Best'') – 2004

''A Sus Pies'' (''At His feet'') – 2002

''Con Manos Vacías'' (''With Empty Hands'') – 2000

''Cerca de Ti'' (Close to You) – 1998

''Unidos Por La Cruz'' (United by the Cross) – 1994

''Renuevo Espiritual'' (''Spiritual Renewal'') – 1992

''Grupo Creacion'' - 80's

Compilations [link]

''Colección Duetos'' (Duets Collection) - 2011

''Navidad con Vastago'' (Christmas with Vastago) - 2008

''Colección Adoración 2 de Jesús Adrián Romero'' (The Best of Worship of Jesús Adrián Romero – Worship Collection 2) – 2010

''Colección Alabanza de Jesús Adrián Romero - Vol. 1'' (The Best of Jesús Adrián Romero – Praise Collection) – 2003

''Colección Adoración de Jesús Adrián Romero - Vol. 1'' (The Best of Jesús Adrián Romero – Worship Collection) – 2003

Video [link]

''Te Daré Lo Mejor'' – 2004 (DVD)

''Unplugged'' – 2005 (DVD)

''El Aire de tu Casa'' – 2007 (DVD)

''Ayer Te Vi... Fue Mas Claro Que La Luna'' – 2008 (DVD)

Duets [link]

Pecos Romero

Lilly Goodman

Orlando Hernandez

Abel Zavala

Marcela Gándara

Daniel Santoy

Alex Campos

Marcos Vidal

Melissa Romero

Marcos Witt

Ray Alonso

Rocio Cereceres

Musicians/Members [link]

Mike Rodriguez – Piano, Music Director, Record Producer

Daniel Fraire – Acoustic Guitar

Pedro Marin – Bass Guitar

Misael Blanco – Drums

Fernando Ramírez – Electric Guitar

Roberto Serrano – Percussion

References[link]

External links [link]

Jesus Adrian Romero

Vástago Producciones

VástagoEpicentro

Song/Ministry links

Category:1965 births Category:Mexican singers Category:People from Hermosillo Category:Musicians from Sonora Category:Mexican performers of Christian music Category:Living people

es:Jesús Adrián Romero pt:Jesús Adrián Romero