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Anthony Blunt
Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), was a British art historian exposed as a Soviet spy.
http://wn.com/Anthony_Blunt -
Cambridge Five
The Cambridge Five was a ring of spies, recruited by Russian talent spotter Arnold Deutsch in the UK who passed information to the Soviet Union during World War II and at least into the early 1950s. It has been suggested they may also have passed Soviet disinformation to the Nazis. Four members of the ring have been identified: Kim Philby (cryptonym: Stanley), Donald Duart Maclean (cryptonym: Homer), Guy Burgess (cryptonym: Hicks) and Anthony Blunt (cryptonym: Johnson); together they are known as the Cambridge Four. Several people have been suspected of being the "fifth man" but John Cairncross (cryptonym: Liszt) was identified by Oleg Gordievsky. Others have been accused of being members.
http://wn.com/Cambridge_Five -
Charles Cumming
Charles Cumming (born April 5, 1971, Ayr, Scotland) is a British writer of spy fiction. The son of Ian Cumming (1938-) and Caroline (Ramsay) Pilkington (1943-), he was educated at Ludgrove School (1979-1984), Eton College (1985-1989) and the University of Edinburgh (1990-1994), where he graduated with 1st Class Honours in English Literature. The Observer has described him as "the best of the new generation of British spy writers who are taking over where John le Carré and Len Deighton left off".
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Christopher Curwen
Sir Christopher Keith Curwen, KCMG (born 9 April 1929) was Head of the British Secret Intelligence Service from 1985 to 1989.
http://wn.com/Christopher_Curwen -
Colin Figures
Sir Colin Frederick Figures KCMG, OBE (1 July 1925 – 8 December 2006) was Head of the British Secret Intelligence Service (known as MI6) from 1981 to 1985. He was deputy secretary and Intelligence Co-ordinator of the Cabinet Office from 1985 to 1989.
http://wn.com/Colin_Figures -
Colin McColl
Sir Colin Hugh Verel McColl, KCMG (born 6 September 1932) was Head of the British Secret Intelligence Service from 1989 to 1994.
http://wn.com/Colin_McColl -
Craig Murray
Craig John Murray (born 17 October 1958) is a British political activist, former ambassador to Uzbekistan and former Rector of the University of Dundee.
http://wn.com/Craig_Murray -
David Spedding
Sir David Rolland Spedding KCMG, CVO, OBE (7 March 1943 - 13 June 2001) was Head of the British Secret Intelligence Service from 1994 to 1999.
http://wn.com/David_Spedding -
Dick Franks
Sir Arthur Temple (Dick) Franks KCMG (13 July 1920 - 12 October 2008) was Head of the Secret Intelligence Service from 1979 to 1982.
http://wn.com/Dick_Franks -
Dick White
:For other people with the same name, see Richard White.
http://wn.com/Dick_White -
Donald Duart Maclean
http://wn.com/Donald_Duart_Maclean -
Donald Maclean (spy)
Donald Duart Maclean (; 25 May 1913 Marylebone, London – 6 March 1983 Moscow) was a British diplomat and member of the Cambridge Five who were members of MI5, MI6 or the diplomatic service who acted as spies for the Soviet Union in the Second World War and beyond. He was recruited as a straight penetration agent while an undergraduate at Cambridge by the Soviet intelligence service. His actions are widely thought to have contributed to the 1948 Soviet blockade of Berlin and the onset of the Korean War. As a reward for his espionage activities, Maclean was brevetted a colonel in the Soviet KGB.
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Enver Hoxha
(pronounced , 16 October 1908 11 April 1985) was the leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He also served as Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954, Minister of Defense from 1944 to 1953, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1946 to 1953, Chairman of the Democratic Front from 1945 to his death, and as Commander-in-Chief of the Albanian armed forces from 1944 to his death.
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First World War
http://wn.com/First_World_War -
George Blake
George Blake (born George Behar, 11 November 1922) is a former British spy known for having been a double agent in the service of the Soviet Union. Discovered in 1961 and sentenced to 42 years in prison, he escaped from Wormwood Scrubs prison in 1966 and fled to the USSR. He was not one of the Cambridge spies, although he is often grouped with them.
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Graham Greene
Henry Graham Greene, OM, CH (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was an English author, playwright and literary critic. His works explore the ambivalent moral and political issues of the modern world. Greene was notable for his ability to combine serious literary acclaim with widespread popularity.
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Hitler
http://wn.com/Hitler -
Horst Kopkow
Horst Kopkow (November 29, 1910 in Ortelsburg, East Prussia, Germany - October 1996 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany) was a Nazi Germany SS major who worked for German Security police and, after the war, was concealed by British intelligence so that they could use his knowledge in the Cold War.
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Hugh Sinclair
Admiral Sir Hugh Francis Paget Sinclair KCB (1873 – 4 November 1939), nicknamed "Quex", was a British intelligence officer. Between 1919 and 1921, he was Director of British Naval Intelligence, and helped to set up the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, commonly MI6) before the Second World War.
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Ian Fleming
Ian Lancaster Fleming (28 May 1908 – 12 August 1964) was a British author and journalist, most famous for his novels about the British spy James Bond. Fleming chronicled Bond's adventures in twelve novels and nine short stories, a literary output that has sold over 100 million copies worldwide, making it one of the most popular series of related novels of all time. Fleming also wrote the children's story Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and two works of non-fiction.
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James Bond
James Bond 007 is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections. The character has also been used in the longest running and most financially successful English-language film franchise to date, starting in 1962 with Dr. No.
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John Cairncross
John Cairncross (25 July, 1913 – 8 October, 1995) was a British intelligence officer during World War II who passed secrets to the Soviet Union during the war. He was alleged to be the fifth member of the Cambridge Five.
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John Major
Sir John Major, (born 29 March 1943) is a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990–1997. He held the posts of Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the cabinet of Margaret Thatcher and was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon 1979–2001.
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John Sawers
Sir Robert John Sawers, KCMG (born 26 July 1955) is a British diplomat and senior civil servant. He is the current Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). He was previously the British Permanent Representative to the United Nations from August 2007 to November 2009.
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John Scarlett
Sir John McLeod Scarlett, KCMG, OBE (born 18 August 1948) was Director General of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 2004 to 2009. Prior to this appointment, he had chaired the Cabinet Office Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC).
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Kim Philby
'''Harold Adrian Russell 'Kim' Philby''' (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a spy for and later defected to the Soviet Union. A communist, he served as an NKVD and KGB operative.
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Korean War
The Korean War (1950–armistice, 1953) was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China (PRC), with air support from the Soviet Union. The war began on 25 June 1950 and an armistice was signed on 27 July 1953. The war was a result of the political division of Korea by agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War. The Korean peninsula had been ruled by Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. In 1945, following the surrender of Japan, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th Parallel, with United States troops occupying the southern part and Soviet troops occupying the northern part.
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Krystyna Skarbek
Krystyna Skarbek, OBE, GM, Croix de guerre (; 1 May 1908 – 15 June 1952) was a Polish Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent. She became celebrated especially for her daring exploits in intelligence and sabotage missions to Nazi-occupied Poland and France.
http://wn.com/Krystyna_Skarbek -
Lionel Crabb
Lionel "Buster" Crabb OBE, GM (28 January 1909 - presumed dead 19 April 1956) was a British Royal Navy frogman and MI6 diver who vanished during a reconnaissance mission around a Soviet cruiser in 1956.
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Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (née Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. Thatcher is the only woman to have held either post.
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Maurice Oldfield
Sir Maurice Oldfield GCMG, CBE (16 November 1915 - 11 March 1981), was a British intelligence officer and espionage administrator.
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Michael Goleniewski
Michael Goleniewski a.k.a. 'SNIPER', 'LAVINIA', (16 August 1922 - 12 July 1993), was a Polish Military Intelligence officer and a spy for the Soviet government during the 1950s. In 1959, he became a triple-agent, giving Polish and Soviet secrets to the CIA, which directly caused the exposure of George Blake and Harry Houghton. Goleniewski defected to the US in 1961. He later claimed to be Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov ; born 2 March 1931) was the sixth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991.
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Mohammed Mossadeq
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Oleg Gordievsky
Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky (), CMG (born 10 October 1938 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union), was a Colonel of the KGB and KGB Resident-designate (rezident) and bureau chief in London, who was a secret agent of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1974 to 1985.
http://wn.com/Oleg_Gordievsky -
Oleg Penkovsky
Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky, codenamed "Agent Hero" (; April 23, 1919, Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia, Soviet Russia, – May 16, 1963, Soviet Union), was a colonel with Soviet military intelligence (GRU) in the late 1950s and early 1960s who informed the United Kingdom and the United States about the Soviet Union placing missiles on Cuba, which led to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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Patrice Lumumba
Patrice Émery Lumumba (2 July 1925–17 January 1961) was a Congolese independence leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after he helped win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. Only ten weeks later, Lumumba's government was deposed in a coup during the Congo Crisis. He was subsequently imprisoned and murdered in circumstances suggesting the support and complicity of the governments of Belgium and the United States.
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Paul Dukes
Sir Paul Dukes KBE (1889-1967) was a British author and MI6 officer. Born in Bridgwater, Somerset, the son of a clergyman, he was educated at Caterham School in England, and Petrograd Conservative in Russia.
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R. H. Bruce Lockhart
Sir Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart KCMG (2 September 1887 – 27 February 1970), was a journalist, author, secret agent, British diplomat in Moscow, and later in Prague, and footballer. His 1932 book Memoirs of a British Agent became an international bestseller, and brought him to the world’s attention.
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Ralph Izzard
Ralph William Burdick Izzard, OBE, (27 August 1910 – 2 December 1992) was an English journalist, author, adventurer, and British Naval Intelligence officer (WWII).
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Richard Dearlove
Sir Richard Billing Dearlove, KCMG, OBE (born 23 January 1945) was head of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1999 until 6 May 2004.
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Richard Tomlinson
Richard Tomlinson (born 13 January 1963) is a New Zealand-born British former MI6 officer who was imprisoned in 1997 for breaking the 1989 Official Secrets Act by giving the synopsis of a proposed book detailing his career in the Secret Intelligence Service to an Australian publisher. The book, called The Big Breach, was published in Moscow in 2001.
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Scott Ritter
William Scott Ritter, Jr. (born July 15, 1961, Gainesville, Florida) is noted for his role as a chief United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq from 1991 to 1998, and later for his criticism of United States foreign policy in the Middle East. Prior to the U.S. invasion of Iraq in March 2003, Ritter publicly argued that Iraq possessed no significant weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). He became a popular anti-war figure and talk show commentator as a result of his stance. Since 2001 Ritter has been arrested and subsequently released twice on charges related to sexual exploitation of minors. A third incident is awaiting trial.
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Sidney Reilly
Lieutenant Sidney George Reilly, MC (c. March 24, 1873/1874 – November 5, 1925), famously known as the Ace of Spies, was a Jewish Russian- or Ukrainian-born adventurer and secret agent employed by Scotland Yard, the British Secret Service Bureau and later the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). He is alleged to have spied for at least four nations. His notoriety during the 1920s was created in part by his friend, British diplomat and journalist Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, who sensationalised their thwarted operation to overthrow the Bolshevik government in 1918.
http://wn.com/Sidney_Reilly -
Stewart Menzies
Major General Sir Stewart Graham Menzies, KCB, KCMG, DSO, MC () (30 January 1890 – 29 May 1968) was Chief of MI6 (SIS), British Secret Intelligence Service, during and after World War II.
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Valentine Vivian
Colonel Valentine Patrick Terrell Vivian CMG CBE (1886–1969) was the vice-chief of the SIS or MI6 and was the first head of its counter-espionage unit, Section V. It was Vivian, who while attempting to introduce new blood into the service, selected Kim Philby who was later to become notorious as "The Third Man" double agent and who defected to the Russians causing considerable harm to the system he had infiltrated.
http://wn.com/Valentine_Vivian -
Vesper Lynd
Vesper Lynd is a fictional character of Ian Fleming's James Bond novel Casino Royale. It has been claimed that Fleming based Lynd on Christine Granville/Krystyna Skarbek. In the 1967 film of Casino Royale she is played by Ursula Andress. In the 2006 film of the same name she is played by Eva Green.
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Vladimir Kuzichkin
Vladimir Anatoljevich Kuzichkin Владимир Анатольевич Кузичкин (born 1961) was a Soviet KGB officer who defected to the Tehran Station of the British Secret Intelligence Service in 1982.
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Kuzichkin -
William Melville
William Melville (25 April 1850 - 1 February 1918) was an Irish law enforcement officer and the first chief of the British Secret Service, forerunner of MI5.
http://wn.com/William_Melville
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Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
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Albert Embankment
The Albert Embankment is a stretch of the river bank on the south side of the River Thames in Central London. It stretches approximately one mile (1.6 km) northward from Vauxhall Bridge to Westminster Bridge, and is located in the London Borough of Lambeth.
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Beaulieu, Hampshire
Beaulieu () is a small village located on the south eastern edge of the New Forest national park in Hampshire, England and home to both Palace House and the British National Motor Museum.
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Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin -
Berlin Tunnel
http://wn.com/Berlin_Tunnel -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
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Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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Foreign Office
http://wn.com/Foreign_Office -
GCHQ
http://wn.com/GCHQ -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
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Lambeth
Lambeth is a district of south London, England, and part of the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated southeast of Charing Cross.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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MI5
The Security Service commonly known as MI5 (Military Intelligence, Section 5), is the United Kingdom's counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of the intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6), Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and the Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS). All come under the direction of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC). The service has a statutory basis in the Security Service Act 1989 and the Intelligence Services Act 1994. Its remit includes the protection of British parliamentary democracy and economic interests, counter-terrorism and counter-espionage within the UK. Although mainly concerned with internal security, it does have an overseas role in support of its mission. Conversely, to ensure that the Home Secretary is responsible for intelligence operations within the UK, the Service may act on behalf of SIS and GCHQ even if the operation is outside its own functions (SIS and GCHQ report to the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs).
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, is the common name for the country of Germany while governed by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) from 1933 to 1945. Third Reich () denotes the Nazi state as a historical successor to the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) and to the modern German Empire (1871–1918). Nazi Germany had two official names, the Deutsches Reich (German Reich), from 1933 to 1943, when it became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
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Netherlands
{{Infobox country
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NKVD
The '''People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs' ( Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del''), abbreviated NKVD ( ) was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Stalin.
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Operation Gold
:See also Operation Gold (Australia)
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
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Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel (, Protection Squadron), abbreviated SS—or with stylized "Armanen" Sig runes —was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II, and most of the particularly egregious ones.
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SIS building
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Tehran
Tehran (Persian: تهران Tehrān ), is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, one of the largest cities in Western Asia, and is the 21st largest city in the world.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (‘zbekiston Respublikasi'' or Ўзбекистон Республикаси) is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south.
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Vauxhall
Vauxhall () is an inner city area of South London in the London Borough of Lambeth, it was once in the historic county of Surrey.
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Venlo Incident
The Venlo Incident in 1939 was a covert German Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service) engineered capture of two British SIS (Secret Intelligence Service) agents in the early months of World War II, on 9 November 1939, following a failed bomb-plot on the life of German Chancellor Adolf Hitler the evening before, on 8 November 1939. The Sicherheitsdienst (SD) was a sister agency of the better-known Gestapo (, the Secret State Police during 1933–1945 in Germany). The incident was used by the presiding National Socialist German Workers' Party government (NSDAP—commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party) for propaganda purposes to link Great Britain to Georg Elser's failed assassination (time-bomb) attempt on German Chancellor Adolf Hitler at the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich (Germany) and to justify Germany's later invasion of the Netherlands, a neutral country, on 10 May 1940.
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Vienna
Vienna (; ; ) is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC.
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War Office
The War Office was a department of the British Government, responsible for the administration of the British Army between the 17th century and 1963, when its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Defence. The name "War Office" is also often given to the former home of the department, the Old War Office Building on Horse Guards Avenue, London.
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Washington D.C.
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Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian (which crosses Greenwich in London, England, United Kingdom), the other half being the eastern hemisphere. It is also used, mainly in North America, to specifically refer to the Americas (or the New World) and adjacent waters, while excluding other territories that lie geographically in Western Hemisphere (parts of Africa, Europe, Antarctica, and Asia); thus, it is sometimes referred to as the American hemisphere.
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Whitehall
Whitehall is a road in Westminster in London, England. It is the main artery running north from Parliament Square, towards traditional Charing Cross, now at the southern end of Trafalgar Square and marked by the statue of Charles I, which is often regarded as the heart of London. Recognised as the centre of HM Government, the road is lined with government departments/ministries; "Whitehall" is therefore also frequently used as a metonym for overall UK governmental administration, as well as being a geographic name for the surrounding district.
http://wn.com/Whitehall
- Admiralty
- Africa
- Albania
- Albanian Subversion
- Albert Embankment
- Ambassadors' Plot
- Anthony Blunt
- anti-tank rocket
- Asia
- BBC Radio 1
- Beaulieu, Hampshire
- Berlin
- Berlin Tunnel
- black propaganda
- Bletchley Park
- Bolshevik
- Cambridge Five
- Charles Cumming
- China
- Christopher Curwen
- code name
- Cold War
- Colin Figures
- Colin McColl
- Colin Murray
- Communism
- counter-espionage
- Craig Murray
- cryptanalysis
- Cuba
- David Spedding
- Defence Intelligence
- Dick Franks
- Dick White
- Die Another Day
- diplomatic bag
- diplomatic immunity
- Donald Duart Maclean
- Donald Maclean (spy)
- embassies
- Enver Hoxha
- exfil
- Finland
- First World War
- Foreign Office
- GCHQ
- George Blake
- Germany
- global war on terror
- GoldenEye
- Graham Greene
- GRU
- Guy Burgess
- Hitler
- Horst Kopkow
- Hugh Sinclair
- HUMINT
- Hutton Inquiry
- Ian Fleming
- IMINT
- Imperial German Navy
- intelligence agency
- Iran
- Iraq
- Irish republicanism
- James Bond
- James Bond films
- JARIC
- John Cairncross
- John Laing plc
- John le Carré
- John Major
- John Sawers
- John Scarlett
- KGB
- Kim Philby
- Korean War
- Krystyna Skarbek
- Lambeth
- Lebanon
- Lionel Crabb
- London
- Margaret Thatcher
- Maurice Oldfield
- MI5
- Michael Goleniewski
- Middle East
- Mikhail Gorbachev
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Exposed: MI6 spies paved rebel path to Tripoli battlefront
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Published: 23 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 18 Feb 2012
- Author: RussiaToday
Follow latest updates on twitter.com and www.facebook.com British intelligence has reportedly played a key role in the latest push on Tripoli by rebels. According to a report in the UK daily, the Telegraph, MI6 officers advised the rebels on the strategy behind the operation, in a plan drawn up weeks ago.
http://wn.com/Exposed_MI6_spies_paved_rebel_path_to_Tripoli_battlefront
MI6: A Century in the Shadows Preview - BBC Radio 4
www.bbc.co.uk An unprecedented look inside Britain's Secret Intelligence Service, which marks its centenary this year. BBC security correspondent Gordon Corera talks to senior intelligence officers, agents and diplomats as well as their former arch enemies about the shadowy world of espionage.
http://wn.com/MI6_A_Century_in_the_Shadows_Preview__BBC_Radio_4
Double Deal: 'UK & MI6 made Gaddafi best pal, then pariah'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:30
- Published: 05 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Feb 2012
- Author: RussiaToday
British Prime Minister David Cameron has called for an inquiry into claims that UK intelligence agents extradited terror suspects to Libya. The allegations surfaced after human rights groups in Tripoli found documents outlining MI6 and CIA rendition programmes. RT on Twitter: twitter.com RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Double_Deal_'UK_MI6_made_Gaddafi_best_pal,_then_pariah'
The Devil's Game: MI6, CIA Run The Muslim Brotherhood - Dr. Stan Monteith Reports 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:43
- Published: 07 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 19 Feb 2012
- Author: TheAlexJonesChannel
On the Tuesday, February 7 edition of the Alex Jones Show, Alex announces a key terror alert with specific threats. He also talks with retired orthopedic surgeon, author, and radio talk show host Stan Monteith. Alex and Mr. Monteith talk about the impending attack on Iran and the distinct possibility the conflict will turn into World War III. Stan Monteith is the author of several books, including AIDS: the Unnecessary Epidemic, Hidden Agenda: The Fluoride Deception and Iraq: the Untold Story. www.radioliberty.com www.infowars.com www.prisonplanet.tv
http://wn.com/The_Devil's_Game_MI6,_CIA_Run_The_Muslim_Brotherhood__Dr_Stan_Monteith_Reports_1/2
Former MI6 agent Matthew Dunn speaks about Secret Services Acting in Libya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Published: 26 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 06 Feb 2012
- Author: WolkenZwemmer
Taken from Dutch TV - the parts in which Michael Dunn speaks are in English. In NATO's Fantasy Paradigm it is perfectly alright to have secret services in Libya working to fight the evil dictator. In the new Paradigm it is another example of how the west does all it can to gain control over Libya's assetts, training the opposition and ignoring the many people in Libya who don't want NATO and their Rebels. There is no justificiation for this from the UN Security Council, but nobody seems to care brainwashed as they are by NATO's Paradigm. In youtube.com/watch?v=8gcPrDlXJ9I you can hear about the role of MI6 and CIA-agents in fighting independent journalists who don't agree with the NATO-Paradigm.
http://wn.com/Former_MI6_agent_Matthew_Dunn_speaks_about_Secret_Services_Acting_in_Libya
SIS United Kingdom (MI6) Recruitment.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Published: 10 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 23 Nov 2011
- Author: TheLondonNews
SIS United Kingdom (MI6) Recruitment. www.sis.gov.uk
http://wn.com/SIS_United_Kingdom_MI6_Recruitment
MI6 'spy' murdered up to two weeks ago
The body of a suspected British spy could have been left undiscovered for up to a fortnight. . Follow us on twitter at twitter.com .
http://wn.com/MI6_'spy'_murdered_up_to_two_weeks_ago
MI6 Run BBC Visit Alex Jones
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Published: 03 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Feb 2012
- Author: TheAlexJonesChannel
guess who's coming to dinner? www.infowars.com www.prisonplanet.tv www.infowars.net www.prisonplanet.com
http://wn.com/MI6_Run_BBC_Visit_Alex_Jones
MI6 - SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICE - SIS - 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:06
- Published: 01 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: youpolitics
MI6 - SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICE - SIS - 5
http://wn.com/MI6__SECRET_INTELLIGENCE_SERVICE__SIS__5
Top Secret Friends: CIA & MI6 'intimate' with Gaddafi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:40
- Published: 03 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Feb 2012
- Author: RussiaToday
Human Rights Watch claims it's discovered thousands of documents in Libya that suggest intimate cooperation between Gaddafi's regime and British and American intelligence. It's thought much of the data deals with the rendition of suspects to Libya for interrogation. RT talks to eco-peace activist Marinella Correggia. RT on Twitter: twitter.com RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Top_Secret_Friends_CIA_MI6_'intimate'_with_Gaddafi
CIA & MI6 posing as journalists in Tripoli Rixos hotel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Published: 24 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 10 Feb 2012
- Author: FederalJacktube6
Interesting that RT is removing certain videos of interviews from independent journalists in Tripoli. Article here:
http://wn.com/CIA_MI6_posing_as_journalists_in_Tripoli_Rixos_hotel
'CIA, MI6 and Mossad Together against Syria'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:20
- Published: 29 Nov 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Feb 2012
- Author: TheOmeganews
The West is doing its best to destabilize the situation in Syria, author and journalist Webster Tarpley told RT. According to him, civilians have to deal with death squads and blind terrorism, which is typical of the CIA. "What average Syrians of all ethnic groups say about this is that they are being shot at by snipers. People complained that there are terrorist snipers who are shooting at civilians, blind terrorism simply for the purpose of destabilizing the country. I would not call this civil war -- it is a very misleading term. What you are dealing with here are death squads, you are dealing with terror commandos; this is a typical CIA method. In this case it's a joint production of CIA, MI6, Mossad, it's got money coming from Saudi Arabia, The United Arab Emirates and Qatar," he explained. He added that Syrian society is the most tolerant society in the Middle East, the one place where all kinds of people live together in remarkable harmony, Muslims and Christians of all kinds. "This is a model of a peaceful coexistence of various ethnic groups. The US policy right now is to smash the Middle East according to ethnic lines," he added. Assad's rule is increasingly being called illegitimate. But the US and Europe do not seem concerned that getting rid of the Syrian president could cause even more violence, as was seen in Egypt, believes Tarpley. "After Libya becoming a bloodbath with 150.000 dead and now with Egypt showing what it was all along -- there was no <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/'CIA,_MI6_and_Mossad_Together_against_Syria'
Gameplay Walkthrough: MI6 Ops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:12
- Published: 28 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 04 Feb 2012
- Author: 007BondGames
The developers at Eurocom take you through MI-6 Ops, covering modifiers, scoring, game types, and online competition.
http://wn.com/Gameplay_Walkthrough_MI6_Ops
MI6 Threat at Buckingham Palace
Filmmakers Bill Maloney & Lilly Starr put their lives in danger from 'Establishment' reprisals on the streets of London and New York. See BILLY & LILLY GO TO NEW YORK: www.pienmashfilms.com
http://wn.com/MI6_Threat_at_Buckingham_Palace
The Devil's Game: MI6, CIA Run The Muslim Brotherhood - Dr. Stan Monteith Reports 2/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Published: 08 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 19 Feb 2012
- Author: TheAlexJonesChannel
On the Tuesday, February 7 edition of the Alex Jones Show, Alex announces a key terror alert with specific threats. He also talks with retired orthopedic surgeon, author, and radio talk show host Stan Monteith. Alex and Mr. Monteith talk about the impending attack on Iran and the distinct possibility the conflict will turn into World War III. Stan Monteith is the author of several books, including AIDS: the Unnecessary Epidemic, Hidden Agenda: The Fluoride Deception and Iraq: the Untold Story. www.radioliberty.com www.infowars.com www.prisonplanet.tv
http://wn.com/The_Devil's_Game_MI6,_CIA_Run_The_Muslim_Brotherhood__Dr_Stan_Monteith_Reports_2/2
GoldenEye 007: Reloaded MI6 Ops Mode Trailer (HD 720p)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Published: 17 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Feb 2012
- Author: Ve3troGamesMedia
Twitter: twitter.com Name: GoldenEye 007: Reloaded Release Date: November 4, 2011 Platform(s): Playstation 3 and Xbox 360 Publisher(s): Activision
http://wn.com/GoldenEye_007_Reloaded_MI6_Ops_Mode_Trailer_HD_720p
![GoldenEye 007: Reloaded Mi6 Trailer [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120223175748im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/y7VNxjzyYtY/0.jpg "GoldenEye 007: Reloaded Mi6 Trailer [HD]")
GoldenEye 007: Reloaded Mi6 Trailer [HD]
GoldenEye 007: Reloaded SDCC 2011 Reveal Trailer: www.youtube.com GoldenEye 007: Reloaded Mi6 Trailer [HD] Developer: Eurocom Release: Fall 2011 Genre: FPS Platform: PS3/X360 Publisher: Activision Website: www.goldeneyegame.com GoldenEye 007: Reloaded is a contemporary James Bond experience featuring HD visuals and realistic environments running at 60-frames per second, akin to today's elite action games. Additional to the legendary story campaign, the game introduces the brand new 'Mi6 Ops Missions' -- new, distinct levels separate from the campaign that span the varied environments from the story and challenge players to complete different Assault, Elimination, Stealth and Defence objectives. GoldenEye 007: Reloaded also takes multiplayer to new heights, maintaining and improving its renowned four-player split-screen action and adding full, adrenaline-pumping 16-player online matches with more maps, weapons, characters and game modes than ever before. FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MMO AND RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Goldeneye 007 Reloaded Trailer gamescom 2011 mi6 official machinima video game gaming debut teaser playstation 3 xbox Nintendo classic shooter gameplay new comic con james bond
http://wn.com/GoldenEye_007_Reloaded_Mi6_Trailer_ HD
Hague: MI6 keeps us safe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Published: 16 Nov 2011
- Uploaded: 13 Jan 2012
- Author: telegraphtv
The foreign secretary pays tributes to the "vital assets" who play a "fundamental and indispensable role" in keeping Britain safe.
http://wn.com/Hague_MI6_keeps_us_safe
Libyan papers 'show CIA and MI6 links'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Published: 04 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 25 Sep 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
2 Bucks Discusses MI6's Latest Cyberspace Attack (Al Qaeda Cupcakes)
www.youtube.com How My House Caught on Fire - SamYoolSun's Monumental Life Story^ 2 Bucks Discusses MI6's Latest Cyberspace Attack (Al Qaeda Cupcakes) My Twittar: twitter.com Thanks to: Channel: www.youtube.com News story: newsfeed.time.com
http://wn.com/2_Bucks_Discusses_MI6's_Latest_Cyberspace_Attack_Al_Qaeda_Cupcakes
Goldeneye Reloaded: Mi6 Ops Station Stealth Ranked 56th On Leaderboards
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Published: 07 Nov 2011
- Uploaded: 20 Feb 2012
- Author: Noplancyan
Mi6 Ops is a brand new mode introduced in Goldeneye Reloaded. This is the 3rd stage Station a stealth mission. I'm ranked 56th on the leaderboards with this run, leaderboards shown at the end of the video
http://wn.com/Goldeneye_Reloaded_Mi6_Ops_Station_Stealth_Ranked_56th_On_Leaderboards
Lindsey Williams: MI6 Funded Muslim Brotherhood and Their "Day of Rage" Coming! 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:16
- Published: 01 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: TheAlexJonesChannel
Alex welcomes back to the show Lindsey Williams, the pastor with an inside track to the elite who correctly predicted a significant rise in global oil prices and the collapse of the american currency. www.infowars.com www.prisonplent.tv
http://wn.com/Lindsey_Williams_MI6_Funded_Muslim_Brotherhood_and_Their_Day_of_Rage_Coming!_1/2
Keith Jeffery talks about MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909-1949
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:13
- Published: 19 May 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Dec 2011
- Author: BloomsburyPublishing
www.bloomsbury.com The first -- and only -- history of the Secret Intelligence Service, written with full and unrestricted access to the closed archives of the Service for the period 1909--1949. A groundbreaking book, this unprecedented study is the authoritative account of the best-known intelligence organisation in the world. Essential reading for anyone interested in the history of espionage, the two world wars, modern British government and the conduct of international relations in the first half of the twentieth century, MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909--1949 is a uniquely important examination of the role and significance of intelligence in the modern world. www.bloomsbury.com
http://wn.com/Keith_Jeffery_talks_about_MI6_The_History_of_the_Secret_Intelligence_Service_1909-1949
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Former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo pleaded not guilty to an electoral fraud charge Thursday at the opening of a landmark trial that is seen as a key test of her reformist successor's...
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Kate Middleton couldn't resist an invitation to help children with their paintings on a visit to a primary school - and ended up with a smudge of red paint on her dress as a result. 560 315...
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| Agency name | Secret Intelligence Service |
|---|---|
| Nativename | MI6 |
| Logo | SIS-MI6.png |
| Logo caption | Current logo, adopted in 2010 |
| Formed | 1909 (as the Secret Service Bureau) |
| Jurisdiction | Government of the United Kingdom |
| Headquarters | Vauxhall Cross, London |
| Minister1 name | The Rt Hon. William Hague MP |
| Minister1 pfo | Foreign Secretary |
| Chief1 name | Sir John Sawers KCMG |
| Chief1 position | The Chief of SIS |
| Website | |
| Footnotes | }} |
It is frequently referred to in the mass media and popular parlance by the name MI6, a name used as a flag of convenience during the Second World War when it was known by many names. The existence of MI6 was not officially acknowledged in public until 1994.
In late 2010, the head of SIS delivered what he said was the first public address by a serving chief of the agency in its 101-year history. The remarks of Sir John Sawers primarily focused on the relationship between the need for secrecy and the goal of maintaining security within Britain. His remarks acknowledged the tensions caused by secrecy in an era of leaks and pressure for ever-greater disclosure.
SIS is referred to colloquially within the Civil Service as ''Box 850'', after its old MI6 post office box number. Its headquarters, since 1995, is at Vauxhall Cross on the South Bank of the Thames.
History and development
The SIS today is "the secret front line" of Britain's national security.
Foundation
The service is derived from the Secret Service Bureau, which was founded in 1909. The Bureau was a joint initiative of the Admiralty and the War Office to control secret intelligence operations in the UK and overseas, particularly concentrating on the activities of the Imperial German Government. The bureau was split into naval and army sections which, over time, specialised in foreign espionage and internal counter-espionage activities respectively. This specialisation was because the Admiralty wanted to know the maritime strength of the Imperial German Navy. This specialisation was formalised before 1914. When the First World War started, the two sections underwent administrative changes so that the foreign section became the Directorate of Military Intelligence Section 6 (MI6), the name by which it is frequently known in popular culture today.Its first director was Captain Sir George Mansfield Smith-Cumming, who often dropped the ''Smith'' in routine communication. He typically signed correspondence with his initial ''C'' in green ink. This usage evolved as a code name, and has been adhered to by all subsequent directors of SIS when signing documents to retain anonymity.
First World War
The service's performance during First World War was mixed, because it was unable to establish a network in Germany itself. The majority of its results came from military and commercial intelligence collected through networks in neutral countries, occupied territories, and Russia.
Inter-War period
After the war, resources were significantly reduced. ''Circulating Sections'' were introduced to give greater control on its objectives to its consumer departments, mainly the War Office and Admiralty. The Circulating Sections established intelligence requirements for the operational ''Group'' sections to fulfill and passed the intelligence back to the consumers. This relationship was termed the ''1921 arrangement'' and still provides the basis for the internal structure of the agency.During the 1920s, SIS established a close operational relationship with the diplomatic service. It established the post of ''Passport Control Officer'' within embassies, based on a system developed during World War I by British Army Intelligence. This provided operatives with a degree of cover and diplomatic immunity but had become compromised by the 1930s Venlo Incident.
The debate over the future structure of British Intelligence continued at length after the end of hostilities but Cumming managed to engineer the return of the Service to Foreign Office control. At this time, the organisation was known in Whitehall by a variety of titles including the ''Foreign Intelligence Service'', the ''Secret Service'', ''MI1(c)'', the ''Special Intelligence Service'' and even ''C's organisation''. Around 1920, it began increasingly to be referred to as the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), a title that it has continued to use to the present day and which was enshrined in statute in the Intelligence Services Act 1994.
In the immediate post-war years under Sir Mansfield Smith-Cumming and throughout most of the 1920s, the SIS was focused on Communism, in particular, Russian Bolshevism. Examples include a thwarted operation to overthrow the Bolshevik government in 1918 by SIS agents Sidney George Reilly and Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, as well as more orthodox espionage efforts within early Soviet Russia headed by Captain George Hill.
Smith-Cumming died suddenly at his home on 14 June 1923, shortly before he was due to retire, and was replaced as ''C'' by Admiral Sir Hugh "Quex" Sinclair. While lacking the charisma of his predecessor, Sinclair had a clear vision for the future of the agency, which developed a range of new activities under his leadership, including creation of the following sections:
With the emergence of Germany as a threat following the ascendence of the Nazis, in the early 1930s attention was shifted in that direction. Whilst the service acquired several reliable sources within the Government and the German Admiralty, its information was less comprehensive than that provided by the diplomatic network of Robert Vansittart, the Permanent Undersecretary at the Foreign Office.
Sinclair died in 1939, after an illness, and was replaced as ''C'' by Lt Col. Stewart Menzies (Horse Guards), who had been with the service since the end of World War I.
Second World War
During the Second World War the human intelligence work of the service was overshadowed by several other initiatives:GC&CS; was the source of Ultra intelligence, which was very useful.
The most significant failure of the service during the war was known as the Venlo incident, named for the Dutch town where much of the operation took place. Agents of the German army secret service, the ''Abwehr'', posed as high-ranking officers involved in a plot to depose Hitler. In a series of meetings between SIS agents and the 'conspirators', SS plans to abduct the SIS team were shelved due to the presence of Dutch police. When a meeting took place without police presence, two SIS agents were duly abducted by the SS.
In 1940, journalist and Soviet agent Kim Philby applied for a vacancy in Section D of SIS, and was vetted by his friend and fellow Soviet agent Guy Burgess. When Section D was absorbed by Special Operations Executive (SOE) in summer of 1940, Philby was appointed as an instructor in the arts of "black propaganda" at the SOE's training establishment in Beaulieu, Hampshire.
SOE operations were overtly offensive in the occupied countries, which clashed with the more discreet approach of SIS, leading to a significant level of friction and increased risk to SIS operatives. The increased security in the occupied territories as a result of SOE activity, significantly reduced freedom of movement for SIS operatives and so curtailed operations.
In early 1944 MI6 re-established Section IX, its prewar anti-Soviet section, and Kim Philby took a position there. He was able to alert the NKVD about all British intelligence on the Soviets—including what the American OSS had shared with the British about the Soviets.
Despite these difficulties the service nevertheless conducted substantial and successful operations in both occupied Europe and in the Middle East and Far East where it operated under the cover name ''Interservice Liaison Department'' (ISLD).
Cold War
In August 1945 Russian intelligence officer Konstantin Volkov tried to defect to Britain, offering the names of all Soviet agents working inside British intelligence. Philby received the memo on Volkov's offer, and alerted the Soviets so they could arrest him.In 1946, SIS absorbed the "rump" remnant of the Special Operations Executive (SOE), dispersing the latter's personnel and equipment between its operational divisions or "controllerates" and new Directorates for Training and Development and for War Planning. The 1921 arrangement was streamlined with the geographical, operational units redesignated "Production Sections", sorted regionally under Controllers, all under a Director of Production. The Circulating Sections were renamed "Requirements Sections" and placed under a Directorate of Requirements.
SIS operations against the USSR were extensively compromised by the fact that the post-war Counter-Espionage Section, R5, was headed for two years by an agent working for the Soviet Union, Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. Although Philby's damage was mitigated for several years by his transfer as Head of Station in Turkey, he later returned and was the SIS intelligence liaison officer at the Embassy in Washington D.C. In this capacity he compromised a programme of joint U.S.-UK paramilitary operations (Albanian Subversion, Valuable Project) in Enver Hoxha's Albania (although it has been shown that these operations were further compromised "on the ground" by poor security discipline amongst the Albanian émigrés recruited to undertake the operations). Philby was eased out of office and quietly retired in 1953 after the defection of his friends and fellow members of the "Cambridge spy ring" Donald Duart Maclean and Guy Burgess.
SIS suffered further embarrassment when it turned out that an officer involved in both the Vienna and Berlin tunnel operations had been turned as a Soviet agent during internment by the Chinese during the Korean War. This agent, George Blake, returned from his internment to be treated as something of a hero by his contemporaries in "the office". His security authorisation was restored, and in 1953 he was posted to the Vienna Station where the original Vienna tunnels had been running for years. After compromising these to his Soviet controllers, he was subsequently assigned to the British team involved on Operation Gold, the Berlin tunnel, and which was, consequently, blown from the outset. In 1956 MI6 Director John Alexander Sinclair had to resign after the botched affair of the death of Lionel Crabb.
Despite these setbacks, SIS began to recover as a result of improved vetting and security, and a series of successful penetrations. From 1958, SIS had three moles in the Polish UB, the most successful of which was codenamed NODDY. The CIA described the information SIS received from these Poles as "some of the most valuable intelligence ever collected", and rewarded SIS with $20 million to expand their Polish operation. In 1961 Polish defector Michael Goleniewski exposed George Blake as a Soviet agent. Blake was identified, arrested, tried for espionage and sent to prison. He escaped and was exfiltrated to the USSR in 1964.
Also, in the GRU, they recruited Colonel Oleg Penkovsky. Penkovsky ran for two years as a considerable success, providing several thousand photographed documents, including Red Army rocketry manuals that allowed U.S. National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC) analysts to recognise the deployment pattern of Soviet SS4 MRBMs and SS5 IRBMs in Cuba in October 1962. SIS operations against the USSR continued to gain pace through the remainder of the Cold War, arguably peaking with the recruitment in the 1970s of Oleg Gordievsky whom SIS ran for the better part of a decade, then successfully exfiltrated from the USSR across the Finnish border in 1985.
The real scale and impact of SIS activities during the second half of the Cold War remains unknown, however, because the bulk of their most successful targeting operations against Soviet officials were the result of "Third Country" operations recruiting Soviet sources travelling abroad in Asia and Africa. These included the defection to the SIS Tehran Station in 1982 of KGB officer Vladimir Kuzichkin, the son of a senior Politburo member and a member of the KGB's internal Second Chief Directorate who provided SIS and the British government with warning of the mobilisation of the KGB's Alpha Force during the 1991 August Coup which, briefly, toppled Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
SIS activities allegedly included a range of covert political action successes, including the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadeq in Iran in 1953 (in collaboration with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency), the again collaborative toppling of Patrice Lumumba in the Congo in 1961, and the triggering of an internal conflict between Lebanese paramilitary groups in the second half of the 1980s that effectively distracted them from further hostage takings of Westerners in the region.
A number of intelligence operatives have left SIS. Usually they have found new employment in the civilian world. In the late 1990s, an SIS officer called Richard Tomlinson was dismissed and later wrote a story of his experiences entitled ''The Big Breach''.
After the Cold War
The end of the Cold War led to a reshuffle of existing priorities. The Soviet Bloc ceased to swallow the lion's share of operational priorities, although the stability and intentions of a weakened but still nuclear-capable Federal Russia constituted a significant concern. Instead, functional rather than geographical intelligence requirements came to the fore such as counter-proliferation (via the agency's Production and Targeting, Counter-Proliferation Section) which had been a sphere of activity since the discovery of Pakistani physics students studying nuclear-weapons related subjects in 1974; counter-terrorism (via two joint sections run in collaboration with the Security Service, one for Irish republicanism and one for international terrorism); counter-narcotics and serious crime (originally set up under the Western Hemisphere Controllerate in 1989); and a 'global issues' section looking at matters such as the environment and other public welfare issues, and this post was appointed to Davey Fontan, a former young MI6 operative known to use his youthfulness and his employment at Great Ormond Street Hospital as the perfect cover for underground national surveillance. In the mid-1990s these were consolidated into a new post of Controller, Global and Functional.During the transition, then-C Sir Colin McColl embraced a new, albeit limited, policy of openness towards the press and public, with 'public affairs' falling into the brief of Director, Counter-Intelligence and Security (renamed Director, Security and Public Affairs). McColl's policies were part and parcel with a wider 'open government initiative' developed from 1993 by the government of John Major. As part of this, SIS operations, and those of the national signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, were placed on a statutory footing through the 1994 Intelligence Services Act. Although the Act provided procedures for Authorisations and Warrants, this essentially enshrined mechanisms that had been in place at least since 1953 (for Authorisations) and 1985 (under the Interception of Communications Act, for warrants). Under this Act, since 1994, SIS and GCHQ activities have been subject to scrutiny by Parliament's Intelligence and Security Committee.
During the mid-1990s the British intelligence community was subjected to a comprehensive costing review by the Government. As part of broader defence cut-backs SIS had its resources cut back 25% across the board and senior management was reduced by 40%. As a consequence of these cuts, the Requirements division (formerly the Circulating Sections of the 1921 Arrangement) were deprived of any representation on the Board of Directors. At the same time, the Middle East and Africa Controllerates were pared back and amalgamated. According to the findings of Lord Butler of Brockwell's ''Review of Weapons of Mass Destruction'', the reduction of operational capabilities in the Middle East and of the Requirements division's ability to challenge the quality of the information the Middle East Controllerate was providing weakened the Joint Intelligence Committee's estimates of Iraq's nonconventional weapons programmes. These weaknesses were major contributors to the UK's erroneous assessments of Iraq's 'weapons of mass destruction' prior to the 2003 invasion of that country. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks funding was increased.
In the run up to the invasion of Iraq in 2003, it is alleged, although not confirmed, that some MI6 conducted Operation Mass Appeal which was a campaign to plant stories about Iraq's WMDs in the media. The operation was exposed in the Sunday Times in December 2003. Claims by former weapons inspector Scott Ritter suggest that similar propaganda campaigns against Iraq date back well into the 1990s. Ritter claims that MI6 recruited him in 1997 to help with the propaganda effort. "The aim was to convince the public that Iraq was a far greater threat than it actually was"—Scott Ritter, Sunday Times, December 28, 2003.
On 6 May 2004 it was announced that Sir Richard Dearlove was to be replaced as head of the SIS by John Scarlett, former chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee. Scarlett was an unusually high-profile appointment to the job, and gave evidence at the Hutton Inquiry.
On 15 November 2006, MI6 allowed an interview with current operations officers for the first time. The interview was on the ''Colin Murray show'' on BBC Radio 1. The two officers (one male and one female) had their voices disguised for security reasons. The officers compared their real experience with the fictional portrayal of MI6 in the James Bond films. While denying that there ever existed a "licence to kill" and reiterating that MI6 operated under British law, the officers confirmed that there is a 'Q'-like figure who is head of the technology department, and that their director is referred to as 'C'. The officers described the lifestyle as quite glamorous and very varied, with plenty of overseas travel and adventure, and described their role primarily as intelligence gatherers, developing relationships with potential sources. The interview is seen largely as a public relations and employment tactic, following the placement of advertising for applicants on the agency's website for the first time in April 2006.
Sir John Sawers became head of the SIS in November 2009, the first outsider to head MI6 in more than 40 years. Sawers came from the Diplomatic Service, previously having been the British Permanent Representative to the United Nations.
During the global war on terror, MI6 accepted information from the CIA that was obtained through torture, including the extraordinary rendition program. Craig Murray, a UK ambassador to Uzbekistan, had written several memos critical of the UK's accepting this information; he was then fired from his job.
On June 7 2011, John Sawers received Romania's President Traian Basescu and George-Cristian Malor, the head of the Serviciul Roman de Informatii (SRI) at SIS headquarters. John Sawers also told members of the parliamentary Intelligence and Security Committee in July 2011 that he is planning to visit China every year to meet his Chinese counterparts.
In July 2011 it was reported that SIS has closed several of its stations in the past couple of years, particularly in Iraq, where it used to have several outposts in the south of the country in the region of Basra according to the annual report of the parliamentary Intelligence and Security Committee. The closures have allowed the service to focus its attention on Pakistan and Afghanistan, which are its principal stations.
SIS headquarters
Since 1995, SIS headquarters has been at 85 Vauxhall Cross, along the Albert Embankment in Vauxhall on the banks of the River Thames by Vauxhall Bridge, London. Previous headquarters have been Century House, 100 Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth (1966–95); and 54, Broadway, off Victoria Street, London (1924–66). (Although SIS operated from Broadway, it was actually based at St James's Street).
The building was designed by Sir Terry Farrell and built by John Laing. The developer Regalian Properties approached the Government in 1987 to see if they had any interest in the proposed building. At the same time MI5 was seeking alternative accommodation and co-location of the two services was studied. In the end this proposal was abandoned due to the lack of buildings of adequate size (existing or proposed) and the security considerations of providing a single target for attacks. In July 1988 Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher approved the purchase of the new building for the SIS. At this stage the government proposed to pay for the building outright in order to maintain secrecy over the intended use of the site; at the time, the existence of MI6 was not officially acknowledged.
The building design was reviewed to incorporate the necessary protection for Britain's foreign intelligence gathering agency. This includes overall increased security, extensive computer suites, technical areas, bomb blast protection, emergency back-up systems and protection against electronic eavesdropping. While the details and cost of construction have been released, about ten years after the original National Audit Office (NAO) report was written, some of the service's special requirements remain classified. The NAO report ''Thames House and Vauxhall Cross'' has certain details omitted, describing in detail the cost and problems of certain modifications but not what these are. Rob Humphrey's ''London: The Rough Guide'' suggests one of these omitted modifications is a tunnel beneath the Thames to Whitehall. The NAO put the final cost at £135.05m for site purchase and the basic building, or £152.6m including the service's special requirements.
The setting of the SIS offices were featured in the James Bond films ''GoldenEye'', ''The World Is Not Enough'' and ''Die Another Day''. MI6 allowed filming of the building itself for the first time in ''The World is Not Enough'' for the pre-credits sequence, where a bomb hidden in a briefcase full of money is exploded inside the building. A ''Daily Telegraph'' article claimed that the British government opposed the filming, but these claims were denied by a Foreign Office spokesperson.
On the evening of 20 September 2000, the building was attacked using a Russian-built RPG-22 anti-tank rocket. Striking the eighth floor, the missile caused only superficial damage. The Anti-Terrorist branch of the Metropolitan Police attributed responsibility to the Real IRA.
Chiefs of the SIS
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Category:1909 establishments in the United Kingdom Category:Intelligence services of World War II Category:United Kingdom intelligence agencies
ar:سلك الاستخبارات السرية bn:সিক্রেট ইন্টেলিজেন্স সার্ভিস ca:MI6 cs:Secret Intelligence Service cy:MI6 da:Secret Intelligence Service de:Secret Intelligence Service et:Secret Intelligence Service el:Secret Intelligence Service es:MI6 eo:MI6 eu:Secret Inteligence Service fa:سازمان اطلاعات و امنیت خارجی بریتانیا fr:Secret Intelligence Service ko:영국 비밀 정보국 hr:Secret Intelligence Service id:Secret Intelligence Service it:Secret Intelligence Service he:SIS jv:MI6 lt:MI6 ms:Perkhidmatan Perisikan Rahsia nl:Secret Intelligence Service ja:イギリス情報局秘密情報部 no:MI6 pl:Secret Intelligence Service pt:MI6 ro:Secret Intelligence Service ru:Секретная разведывательная служба sq:Secret Intelligence Service simple:Secret Intelligence Service sk:Secret Intelligence Service sl:Secret Intelligence Service sr:MI6 fi:Secret Intelligence Service sv:Secret Intelligence Service tr:Gizli Haberalma Servisi uk:Таємна служба розвідки (Великобританія) zh:英國秘密情報局This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Dr Stan Monteith |
|---|---|
| birthname | Stanley Monteith |
| occupation | Radio Host, Author |
| title | Doctor Stanley Monteith |
| religion | Christian |
| url | }} |
Dr Stan Monteith(born 1929) is a radio host and author.
History
Stan Monteith is a retired former orthopedic surgeon and is currenly a radio host. He hosts Radio Liberty. He is also the author of several books and has published a number of videos and other recorded media.His radio talk show is heard over 50 radio stations across the United States and overseas.
Many of the issues that Monteith has addressed are to do with globalization and the New World Order not unlike the late New Zealand preacher and author Barry Smith who was addressing the same subjects from the 1980s up until his death in 2002.
Monteith has also been highly active in educating people about fluoride and what he sees are its dangers.
In March 2009, he was guest on the ''Alex Jones Show''.
Publications
Books
Audio recordings
Filmography
References
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Matthew Dunn |
|---|---|
| fullname | Matthew Stephen Dunn |
| nicknames | "Matt" |
| nationality | |
| strokes | Freestyle and Medley |
| collegeteam | Sydney University |
| birth date | September 02, 1973 |
| birth place | Leeton, New South Wales |
| height | |
| medaltemplates | }} |
Dunn trained under the guidance of Russia's swimming coach Gennadi Touretski, the same man who coached the legendary Alexander Popov. Dunn was a specialist in the short course (25 m) events; there he won several medals in the 1990s. He was a multiple Commonwealth Games gold medallist in the medley events and set a world record in the 4x200 m freestyle relay at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur alongside Ian Thorpe, Michael Klim and Daniel Kowalski.
See also
References
Category:1973 births Category:People educated at Knox Grammar School Category:Australian swimmers Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia Category:Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics Category:Swimmers at the 1994 Commonwealth Games Category:Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics Category:Swimmers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Category:Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic swimmers of Australia Category:People from New South Wales Category:Living people Category:Former world record holders in swimming Category:Male freestyle swimmers
de:Matthew Dunn fr:Matthew Dunn it:Matthew Dunn nl:Matthew Dunn ja:マシュー・ダンThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Keith Jeffery, MRIA is a Northern Irish historian specializing in modern British, British Imperial, and Irish history. Having obtained his BA, MA, and PhD (1978) degrees from St. John's College, Cambridge, the latter under the supervision of John Andrew Gallagher, he is currently the Professor of British history at Queen's University Belfast. In 1998, Jeffery served as the Lees Knowles Lecturer at Trinity College, Cambridge, and in 2003–4 the Parnell Fellow in Irish Studies at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He has also held visiting positions at the Australian National University, the Australian Defence Force Academy and Deakin University. Although much of his work has been devoted to military history, his research has more recently focused on the history of intelligence gathering. In 2005, he was commissioned by the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) to write an authorized history for the organization's centenary, covering its founding in 1909 up through to 1949. This work is scheduled for publication in 2010. A similar study, ''The Defence of the Realm'', was recently published by Christopher Andrew for the Security Service (MI5).
''States of Emergency: British governments and strikebreaking since 1919'' (London, 1983) (co-editor with Peter Hennesy)
''The British Amy and the crisis of Empire, 1918–1922'' (Manchester, 1984).
''Northern Ireland since 1968'' (Oxford, 1988) (co-author with Paul Arthur)
''Men, Women, and War'' (Dublin, 1993) (co-editor with T. G. Fraser)
''A military history of Ireland'' (Manchester, 1996) (co-editor with Thomas Bartlett)
''An Irish empire? Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire'' (Manchester, 1996) (editor)
''Ireland and the Great War'' (Cambridge, 2000)
''The GPO and the Easter Rising'' (Dublin, 2006)
''Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: a political soldier'' (Oxford, 2006)
''The Secret History of MI6'' (Penguin Press, 2010)
British history
Irish history
British Empire
Secret Intelligence Service (MI6)
John Andrew Gallagher
Christopher Andrew
Selected bibliography
See also
References
Category:Living people Category:Academics of Queen's University Belfast Category:British historians Category:Irish historians Category:Members of the Royal Irish Academy Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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