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1947
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-minu
-minu (pronounced "meenoo"), actually Hans-Peter Hammel, (b. June 16, 1947, Basel), is a Swiss journalist. He is known in the northern Switzerland - expecially Basel - due to his bizarre expressions.
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Aaron Ciechanover
Aaron Ciechanover (אהרן צ'חנובר) (born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.
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Adrienne Ames
Adrienne Ames (August 3, 1907 – May 31, 1947) was an American film actress.
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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry.
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African-American
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Al Capone
Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947) was an Italian-American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate, known then as the "Capones," dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor and other illegal activities, in Chicago, from the early 1920s to 1931, when he was sentenced to federal prison, including a stay at the infamous Alcatraz federal prison, for tax evasion.
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Al Herpin
Al Herpin was known as the "Man Who Never Slept."
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Alain Connes
Alain Connes (born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, currently Professor at the Collège de France, IHÉS and Vanderbilt University.
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Alan Sugar
Alan Michael Sugar, Baron Sugar of Clapton (born 24 March 1947) is a British entrepreneur, media personality and political advisor. From humble origins in the East End of London, Sugar now has an estimated fortune of £730m (US$1.16 billion), and was ranked 59th in the Sunday Times Rich List 2009 (a move up from 92nd in 2008 despite losing £100m). In 2007, he sold Amstrad, one of his large business ventures.
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Albert Brooks
Albert Lawrence Brooks (born July 22, 1947), né Einstein, is an American actor, voice actor, writer, comedian and director. He received an Academy Award nomination in 1987 for his role in Broadcast News. His voice acting credits include the character Marlin—the clownfish father in Finding Nemo—and recurring guest voices for the animated television series The Simpsons.
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Aleister Crowley
Aleister Crowley (; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947), born Edward Alexander Crowley, and also known as both Frater Perdurabo and The Great Beast, was an influential English occultist, mystic and ceremonial magician, responsible for founding the religious philosophy of Thelema. Through this belief he came to see himself as the prophet who was entrusted with informing humanity that it was entering the new Aeon of Horus in 1904, a time when old ethical and religious systems would be replaced. Widely seen as one of the most influential occultists of all time, he was a member of the esoteric Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, as well as a co-founder of the A∴A∴ and eventually a leader of Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.). He is known today for his magical writings, especially The Book of the Law, the central sacred text of Thelema, although he also wrote widely on other subjects, including a large amount of fiction and poetry.
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Alfredo Casella
Alfredo Casella (25 July 1883 – 5 March 1947) was an Italian composer.
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Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin (, Nicknamed Soltan, born September 25, 1947 in Tehran) is an Iranian football coach and former player. He is one of the most famous footballers ever to play in Iran, and is regarded as one of the best from Iran.
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Alice Cooper
Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American rock singer, songwriter and musician whose career spans more than four decades. With a stage show that features guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, boa constrictors and baby dolls, Cooper has drawn equally from horror movies, vaudeville, and garage rock to pioneer a grandly theatrical and violent brand of heavy metal that was designed to shock.
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Allan Rock
Allan Michael Rock, PC (born August 30, 1947) is a lawyer, former Canadian politician, diplomat and now the President of University of Ottawa. He was Canada's ambassador to the United Nations (2004–2006) and had previously served in the Cabinet of Jean Chrétien, most notably as Justice Minister (1993–1997) and Health Minister (1997–2002).
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Alphons Orie
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Ananda Coomaraswamy
Ananda Kentish Kumaraswami (, Ānanda Kentiś Kūmaraswāmī) (b. 22 August 1877, Colombo, Ceylon, d. 9 September 1947, Needham, Massachusetts) was a Ceylonese philosopher and metaphysician, as well as a pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, particularly art history and symbolism, and an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West. In particular, he is described as "the groundbreaking theorist who was largely responsible for introducing ancient Indian art to the West."
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Andrew Volstead
Andrew John Volstead (October 31, 1860 – January 20, 1947) was an American member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota,1903 - 1923, and a member of the Republican Party. His name is closely associated with the National Prohibition Act of 1919, usually called the Volstead Act. The act was the enabling legislation for the enforcement of national prohibition beginning in 1920.
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André Gide
André Paul Guillaume Gide () (22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1947. Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars.
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Anfinn Kallsberg
Anfinn Kallsberg (born 19 November 1947 in Klaksvík, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese politician - Prime Minister of his country 1998-2004 - and the leader of the Faroese People's Party (Fólkaflokkurin). First elected to the Faroese parliament in 1980 and consecutively since then, Kallsberg served as Fisheries Minister from 1983 to 1985 and for 5 months in Jógvan Sundstein's first coalition government in 1989, and as Economics and Finance Minister from 1996 to 1998 in a coalition led by Edmund Joensen (Union Party).
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Ann Widdecombe
Ann Noreen Widdecombe (born 4 October 1947) was a British Conservative Party politician and since 2000 a novelist. She is a Privy Counsellor, and was the Member of Parliament for Maidstone from 1987 to 1997, and for Maidstone and The Weald from 1997 to 2010. She was a social conservative and member of the Conservative Christian Fellowship. She retired from politics at the 2010 General Election. Since 2002 she has also made numerous television and radio appearances, including as a television presenter. She is a convert from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism.
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Anwar Ibrahim
Dato' Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim (born 10 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician who served as Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister from 1993 to 1998. Early in his career, Anwar was a close ally of Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad but subsequently emerged as the most prominent critic of Mahathir's government.
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Apasra Hongsakula
Apasra Hongsakula (born in 1947 in Bangkok, Thailand; , pronounced ) is a Thai beauty queen who has held the title Miss Universe 1965. She is the daughter of Group Captain "Perm" and Kayoon Hongsakula. She was the first woman from Thailand to win the Miss Universe crown.
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Arab
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Arlo Guthrie
Arlo Davy Guthrie (born July 10, 1947) is an American folk singer. Like his father, Woody Guthrie, Arlo often sings songs of protest against social injustice. One of Guthrie's works is "Alice's Restaurant Massacree", a satirical talking blues song of about 18 minutes in length.
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Arthur Machen
Arthur Machen () (3 March 1863 – 15 December 1947) was a Welsh author and mystic of the 1890s and early 20th century. He is best known for his influential supernatural, fantasy, and horror fiction. His novella The Great God Pan (1890; 1894) has garnered a reputation as a classic of horror. (Stephen King called it "Maybe the best [horror story] in the English language".) He also is well known for his leading role in creating the legend of the Angels of Mons.
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Arturo Toscanini
Arturo Toscanini (; March 25, 1867 – January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor. One of the most acclaimed musicians of the late 19th century and 20th century, he was renowned for his brilliant intensity, his restless perfectionism, his phenomenal ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his photographic memory. As music director of the NBC Symphony Orchestra he became a household name through his radio and television broadcasts and many recordings of the operatic and symphonic repertoire. He is widely considered to have been one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century.
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August Eigruber
August Eigruber (16 April 1907 – 28 May 1947) was the Nazi Gauleiter of Oberdonau (Upper Danube) and Landeshauptmann of Upper Austria.
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Aurelio Rodríguez
:For the American entrepreneur see Aurelio F. Rodriguez
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Barbara Bach
Barbara Bach (born Barbara Goldbach, August 27, 1947) is an American actress and model known as the Bond girl from the James Bond movie The Spy Who Loved Me (1977). She is married to musician Ringo Starr of The Beatles fame.
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Barry Melton
Barry "The Fish" Melton (born June 14, 1947 in Brooklyn, New York City) was the co-founder (1965) and original lead guitarist of Country Joe and The Fish. Barry appears on all the Country Joe and The Fish recordings and he also wrote some of the songs that the band recorded. He appeared in the films made at Monterey Pop and Woodstock, and also appeared as an outlaw in the neo-Western film, 'Zachariah,' and other films in which Country Joe and the Fish appear. Melton is also a founding member of The Dinosaurs, the Bay Area's only psychedelic music "supergroup." He has been a criminal defense lawyer for over 25 years and he retired in 2009 as the Public Defender of Yolo County, California. He is a Certified Specialist in Criminal Law (the State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization)
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Beat Richner
Dr. Beat Richner (born March 13, 1947) is a Swiss pediatrician, cellist (Beatocello), and founder of children's hospitals in Cambodia.
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Ben Cross
Ben Cross (born 16 December 1947) is an English actor of the stage and screen, best known for his portrayal of the British Olympic athlete Harold Abrahams in the 1981 movie Chariots of Fire.
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Bernardo Houssay
Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887 – September 21, 1971) was an Argentine physiologist who, in 1947, received one half Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals. He is the first Argentine and Latin American Nobel laureate in the sciences. (He shared the prize with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, who won for their discoveries regarding the role of glucose in carbohydrate metabolism.)
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Bernie Leadon
Bernard Leadon (born July 19, 1947, in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the Eagles. Prior to the Eagles, he was a member of two pioneering and highly influential country rock bands, Dillard & Clark and the Flying Burrito Brothers. He is a multi-instrumentalist (guitar, banjo, mandolin, steel guitar, dobro) coming from a bluegrass background. He introduced elements of this music to a mainstream audience during his tenure with the Eagles.
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Betty Buckley
Betty Lynn Buckley (born July 3, 1947) is an American theater, film and television actress and singer.
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Bill Werbeniuk
William Alexander "Bill" Werbeniuk (14 January 1947 – 20 January 2003) was a Canadian professional snooker and pool player. Recognisable for his girth, he was nicknamed "Big Bill". Werbeniuk pioneered the style of shot in which a is hit powerfully, with the hit enough to all the way back into .
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Black Dahlia
Elizabeth Short (July 29, 1924 – ca. January 15, 1947) was an American woman and the victim of a gruesome and much-publicized murder. She acquired the moniker The Black Dahlia posthumously by newspapers in the habit of nicknaming crimes they found particularly colorful. Short was found mutilated, her body severed at the waist, on January 15, 1947, in Leimert Park, Los Angeles, California. Short's unsolved murder has been the source of widespread speculation along with several books and film adaptations.
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Bob Boone
Robert Raymond Boone (born November 19, 1947) is a former catcher and manager in Major League Baseball who was a four-time All-Star. Born in San Diego, California, Bob Boone is the son of a major league player, the late third baseman Ray Boone, and the father of two major leaguers: former second baseman Bret Boone and former utility infielder Aaron Boone. All four family members were named All-Stars during their careers.
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Bob Fulton
Robert "Bob" Fulton AM (born 1 December 1947 in Warrington, England) is an Australian rugby league football identity. Fulton played, coached, selected for and has commentated on the game with great success at the highest levels and has been named amongst Australia's greatest rugby league players of the 20th century.
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Bobby Sowell
Bobby Sowell (born July 8, 1947, Memphis, Tennessee) is an American musician, pianist and composer. He spent much of his early years playing rockabilly piano in the late 1950s, playing organ in rock and roll bands in the 1960s and playing piano in numerous country music bands in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. A Mid-South Fair Winner in 1966, Sowell was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame in 2002. In 1994, he went out as a solo artist. As a pianist and composer, Sowell has recorded 8 albums, crossing many genres of music, from jazz, pop, rock and roll, honky tonk and blues to country music, gospel and easy listening.
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Bolesław Bierut
Bolesław Bierut (; born as Bolesław Biernacki April 18, 1892 – March 12, 1956) was a Polish Communist leader, NKVD agent and a Stalinist who became President of Poland after the Soviet occupation of the country in the aftermath of World War II.
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Brandon Hurst
Brandon Hurst ( in London, United Kingdom – in Hollywood, California, USA) was an English stage and film actor. He studied linguistics in his youth and began playing in theatre in 1880s. He was nearly fifty years old when he acted in his first film Via Wireless as Edward Pnickney in year 1915 and continued acting in the 129 other films until his death 1947. He became known in 1920s performing many notable film villain roles, such as Sir George Karew in the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1920), evil Jehan Frollo in the The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and jester Balkiphedro in the The Man Who Laughs (1928). He appeared also in talkies, but chiefly in minor parts. He died in 1947 at the age of 80 from arteriosclerosis.
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Branko Oblak
Branko Oblak (born on 27 May 1947 in Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian football coach and former international player.
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Brian May
Brian Harold May, CBE (born 19 July 1947) is an English musician and astrophysicist most widely known as the guitarist and a songwriter of the rock band Queen. As a guitarist he uses his home-built guitar, "Red Special", and has composed hits such as "Keep Yourself Alive", "Now I'm Here", "Tie Your Mother Down", "We Will Rock You", "Who Wants to Live Forever", "Hammer to Fall", "Save Me", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "I Want It All" and "Too Much Love Will Kill You". May earned a PhD in astrophysics in 2007 and is currently the Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University. May lives in Surrey.
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Bruce Rioch
Bruce David Rioch (; born 6 September 1947) is an English-born football manager and former player. He was manager of Aalborg BK in the Danish Superliga, until his sacking on 23 October 2008.
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Bryan Hamilton
Bryan Hamilton (born 31 December 1946) is a Northern Irish former professional football player and manager. He gained 50 caps for Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1980, and later managed the national team for four years. He is currently Technical Director at Antigua Barracuda F.C.
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Bugsy Siegel
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Burton Cummings
Burton Cummings, OC, OM (born December 31, 1947 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian musician and songwriter.
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Camille Paglia
Camille Anna Paglia (born April 2, 1947) is an US author, teacher, and social critic. A self-described dissident feminist Paglia has been a Professor at The University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania since 1984. She also writes articles on art, popular culture, feminism, and politics for mainstream newspapers and magazines.
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Canadian
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Candy Clark
Candace June "Candy" Clark (born June 20, 1947) is an American film and television actress, well known for her role as Debbie Dunham in the 1973 hit film American Graffiti, which garnered her an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress, a character she reprised in 1979 for the sequel More American Graffiti. Her other well-known films are The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976), The Big Sleep (1978), Blue Thunder (1983), ''Cat's Eye (1985) and At Close Range'' (1986).
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Carl Ferdinand Cori
Carl Ferdinand Cori (December 5, 1896 – October 20, 1984) was an Czech biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, received a Nobel Prize in 1947 for their discovery of how glycogen (animal starch) – a derivative of glucose – is broken down and resynthesized in the body, for use as a store and source of energy. In 2004 both were designated an ACS National Historical Chemical Landmark in recognition of their work that elucidated carbohydrate metabolism.[http://acswebcontent.acs.org/landmarks/landmarks/glucose/glucose.html]
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Carlos Santana
Carlos Augusto Alves Santana (born July 20, 1947) is a Mexican American rock guitarist. Santana became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s with his band, Santana, which pioneered rock, salsa and jazz fusion. The band's sound featured his melodic, blues-based guitar lines set against Latin and African rhythms featuring percussion instruments such as timbales and congas not generally heard in rock music. Santana continued to work in these forms over the following decades. He experienced a resurgence of popularity and critical acclaim in the late 1990s. Rolling Stone named Santana number 15 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003. He has won 10 Grammy Awards and 3 Latin Grammy Awards.
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Carlton Fisk
Carlton Ernest "Pudge" Fisk (born December 26, 1947) is a former Major League Baseball catcher who played for 24 years with both the Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971-1980) and Chicago White Sox (1981-1993). Known by the nickname "Pudge" due to his 6'2", 220 lb frame, he was the first player to be unanimously voted American League Rookie of the Year (1972). He is best known for "waving fair" his game-winning home run in the 12th inning of Game 6 of the 1975 World Series, one of the greatest moments in World Series history. At the time of his retirement in 1993 he held the records for most home runs all-time by a catcher with 351 (since passed by Mike Piazza). A testament to his durability behind the plate, Fisk held the record for most games played at the position of catcher (2,226) until June 17, 2009 when he was surpassed by another "Pudge," Iván Rodríguez. Fisk still holds the American League record for most years served behind the plate (24). Fisk was voted to the All-Star team 11 times and won 3 Silver Slugger Awards which is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position. Fisk was known as a fierce competitor, a superb handler of pitchers and a natural on-field leader. He was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2000.
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was the most popular British novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literature's most iconic characters.
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Chen Cheng-po
Chen Cheng-po (Chinese: 陳澄波, February 2, 1895 – March 25, 1947), was a well known Taiwanese painter. In 1926, his oil painting was featured in the seventh Empire Art Exhibition in Japan, which was the first time a Taiwanese artist's work could be displayed at the exhibition. Chen devoted his life to education and creation, and was greatly concerned about the development of humanist culture in Taiwan. He was not only devoted to the improvement of his own painting, but also to the promotion of the aesthetic education of the Taiwanese people. He was murdered as a result of the 228 Incident, a 1947 popular uprising in Taiwan which was brutally repressed by the Kuomintang (KMT).
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Chris Cutler
Chris Cutler (born 4 January 1947) is an English percussionist, composer, lyricist and music theorist. Best known for his work with English avant-rock group Henry Cow, Cutler was also a member and drummer of a number of other bands, including Art Bears, News from Babel, Pere Ubu and (briefly) Gong/Mothergong. He has collaborated with many musicians and groups, including Fred Frith, Lindsay Cooper, Zeena Parkins, Peter Blegvad and The Residents, and has appeared on over 100 recordings. Cutler's career spans over three decades and he still performs actively throughout the world.
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Christian Dior
Christian Dior (21 January 1905, Granville, Manche – 23 October 1957), was an influential French fashion designer, best known as the founder of one of the world's top fashion houses, also called Christian Dior.
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Chua Ek Kay
Chua Ek Kay () (21 November 1947 – 8 February 2008) was a Singaporean artist hailed as the "bridge between Asian and Western art" with a unique painting style using Chinese ink on paper that demonstrated an ingenious blend of traditional Chinese painting forms with Western art theories and techniques. Most of his works were themed of Chinatown street scenes, lotuses, and abstract works inspired by Australian aboriginal cave paintings.
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Chuck Yeager
Charles Elwood "Chuck" Yeager (born February 13, 1923) is a retired major general in the United States Air Force and noted test pilot. He was the first pilot to travel faster than sound (1947). Originally retiring as a brigadier general, Yeager was promoted to major general on the Air Force's retired list 20 years later for his military achievements.
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Colleen Corby
Colleen Corby (Born August 3, 1947) was one of the most well known and beloved teen models of the 1960s. Colleen's modeling career began in 1959 when she was just eleven years old. Two weeks after walking into Eileen Ford's modeling agency (ostensibly to look for a summer job) Colleen was sent on her first modeling assignment. That "summer job" would last for the next twenty years. Colleen's career took off right from the start. By the end of that first summer her assignments were coming so steadily that her parents enrolled her in Manhattan's Professional Children's School, which allows for the irregular schedules of actors and models. By her last year of High School she was so busy she hardly ever attended classes.
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Collyer brothers
Homer Lusk Collyer (November 6, 1881 – March 21, 1947) and Langley Collyer (October 3, 1885 – March 1947) were two American brothers who became famous because of their snobbish nature, filth in their home, and compulsive hoarding. For decades, neighborhood rumors swirled around the rarely seen, unemployed men and their home at 2078 Fifth Avenue (at the corner of 128th Street), in Manhattan, where they obsessively collected newspapers, books, furniture, musical instruments, and many other items, with booby traps set up in corridors and doorways to protect against intruders. Both were eventually found dead in the Harlem brownstone where they had lived as hermits, surrounded by over 130 tons of waste that they had accumulated. The salvageable items fetched less than $2,000 at auction; the cumulative estate of the Collyer brothers was valued at $91,000 (about $1.2M in 2008 dollars), of which $20,000 worth was personal property (jewelry, cash, securities, and the like).
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Dan Quayle
James Danforth "Dan" Quayle (; born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States, serving with President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993). He served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Indiana.
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Darrell Waltrip
Darrell Lee Waltrip (born February 5, 1947) is a 3-time NASCAR Cup Series champion (1981, 1982, 1985), 3-time runner-up (1979, 1983, 1986), winner of the 1989 Daytona 500 and 5-time winner of The Coca-Cola 600 (formerly the World 600), (1978, 1979, 1985, 1988, 1989; a record for any driver). He is the winner of 84 Cup Series races (most by any driver in the modern era and tied for third on the all-time list) and winner of 59 Cup Series pole positions (second all-time), including 35 on short tracks and 8 on road courses (both all-time highs in the series). He has 271 top-five finishes, 390 top-ten finishes, and competed in 809 Cup Series races spanning 29 years (1972–2000).
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Dave Barry
David "Dave" Barry (born July 3, 1947) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author and columnist, who wrote a nationally syndicated humor column for The Miami Herald from 1983 to 2005. He has also written numerous books of humor and parody, as well as comedic novels.
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David Blunkett
David Blunkett (born 6 June 1947) is a British Labour Party politician and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough, having represented Sheffield Brightside from 1987 to 2010. Blind since birth, and coming from a poor family in one of Sheffield's most deprived districts, he rose to become Education Secretary in Tony Blair's first Cabinet following Labour's victory in the 1997 general election.
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David Bowie
David Bowie ( ; born David Robert Jones, 8 January 1947) is an English rock musician, who has also worked as an actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for five decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s, and is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth of his work.
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David Chiang
David Chiang Da-wei (; born 29 June 1947 in Suzhou, Jiangsu) is a Hong Kong actor.
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David Franzoni
David Harold Franzoni (born March 4, 1947) is an American screenwriter. His most well known screenplays include King Arthur, Gladiator, Amistad, and ''Jumpin' Jack Flash''.
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David Lander
David L. Lander (born June 22, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, composer, musician, and baseball scout. David is also the Goodwill Ambassador for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
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David Lean
Sir David Lean CBE (25 March 190816 April 1991) was a British filmmaker, producer, screenwriter and editor, best remembered for big-screen epics such as The Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia,
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David Letterman
David Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host and comedian. He hosts the late night television talk show, Late Show with David Letterman broadcast on CBS. Letterman has been a fixture on late night television since the 1982 debut of Late Night with David Letterman on NBC. Only Letterman's friend and mentor Johnny Carson has had a longer late-night hosting career.
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David Mamet
David Alan Mamet (; born November 30, 1947) is an American author, essayist, playwright, screenwriter, and film director.
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Dennis C. Blair
Dennis Cutler Blair (born February 4, 1947) is the former United States Director of National Intelligence and is a retired United States Navy admiral. He was confirmed by the United States Senate to serve in the Obama administration as DNI on January 28, 2009 and took office the next day. He announced his resignation May 20, 2010, effective May 28.
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Derek Shulman
Derek Shulman (born Derek Victor Shulman, 11 February 1947, in The Gorbals, Glasgow, Scotland) is a British musician and singer, multi-instrumentalist, and record executive. From 1970 to 1980, he was lead vocalist for the band Gentle Giant.
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Dick Advocaat
Dirk Nicolaas "Dick" Advocaat (born 27 September 1947 in The Hague) is a Dutch football former player and current coach of Russia.
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Dick Fosbury
Richard Douglas "Dick" Fosbury (born March 6, 1947) is a former track and field athlete who revolutionized the high jump event, using a back-first technique, now known as the Fosbury Flop. His method was to sprint diagonally towards the bar, then curve and leap backwards over the bar. He continues to be involved in athletics as President of the World Olympians Association
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Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Vana Rousseff (; born December 14, 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician affiliated with the Workers' Party (PT). She was appointed Chief of Staff by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in June 2005, becoming the first female to assume the position. Rousseff is currently Lula's designated successor and the leading presidential candidate in the Brazilian 2010 elections.
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Dimitrios Maximos
Dimitrios E. Maximos () was a Greek banker and politician. He briefly served as Prime Minister of Greece after World War II.
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Don Henley
Donald Hugh "Don" Henley (born July 22, 1947; Gilmer, Texas) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and drummer, best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful seven time Grammy Award-winning solo career. His solo hits include "Dirty Laundry", "The Boys of Summer", "All She Wants to Do Is Dance", and "The End of the Innocence". In 2008, he was ranked the 87th greatest singer of all time by Rolling Stone magazine.
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Doug Yule
Douglas Alan Yule (born February 25, 1947) is an American musician and singer, most notable for being a member of The Velvet Underground from 1968 to 1973.
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Dwight Schultz
William Dwight Schultz (born November 24, 1947) is an American stage, television, and film actor. He is best known for his roles as Captain "Howling Mad" Murdock on the 1980s action show The A-Team, and as Reginald Barclay in ', ', and the film . He is also best known in Animation as the Mad Scientist Dr. Animo in the Ben 10 series, and Chef Mung Daal in the children's cartoon Chowder.
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E. Lee Spence
Edward Lee Spence (born 1947 in Germany) is a pioneer in underwater archaeology who studies shipwrecks and sunken treasure. He is also a published editor and author of non-fiction reference books; a magazine editor (Diving World, Atlantic Coastal Diver, Treasure, Treasure Diver, and Treasure Quest), and magazine publisher (ShipWrecks, Wreck Diver); and a published photographer. Spence was twelve years old when he found his first five shipwrecks.
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Earl Snell
Earl Willcox Snell (July 11, 1895 - October 28, 1947) was an Oregon businessman American Republican politician, serving in the Oregon State Senate, and as the 23rd Governor of Oregon.
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Ed Welch
Edward William "Ed" Welch (born October 22, 1947) is an English television composer. His projects include the music for Blockbusters, Knightmare, One Foot in the Grave, ''That's My Dog, Catchphrase, The National Lottery and The Hoobs''. He could be compared to the American television composer, Edd Kalehoff.
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Eliseo Soriano
Eliseo Fernando "Bro. Eli" Soriano (born April 4, 1947, 14 of Nisan 5707 in the Hebrew Calendar) is a Filipino televangelist. He is the current Presiding Minister of the Philippines-based Christian organization Members Church of God International, colloquially known through its radio and television program Ang Dating Daan (The Old Path, Portuguese: O Caminho Antigo, Spanish: El Camino Antiguo).
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
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Elizabeth Short
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Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He has worked with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date.
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Emiliano Díez
Emiliano Díez (born August 26, 1953) is a Cuban film and television actor. He is best known for his role as Vic Palmero in the sitcom George Lopez, as well as his role as Manny Beltrán in the sitcom Los Beltrán.
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Emmylou Harris
Emmylou Harris (born April 2, 1947 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. In addition to her work as a solo artist and bandleader, both as an interpreter of other composers' works and as a singer-songwriter, she is a sought-after backing vocalist and duet partner, working with numerous other artists including Linda Ronstadt, Elvis Costello and Dolly Parton.
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Eric F. Wieschaus
Eric F. Wieschaus (born June 8, 1947) is an American developmental biologist and Nobel Prize-winner.
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Ernst Lubitsch
Ernst Lubitsch (January 28, 1892 – November 30, 1947) was a German-born film director. His urbane comedies of manners gave him the reputation of being Hollywood's most elegant and sophisticated director; as his prestige grew, his films were promoted as having "the Lubitsch touch".
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Farrah Fawcett
Farrah Fawcett (February 2, 1947 – June 25, 2009) was an American actress and artist. A multiple Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominee, Fawcett rose to international fame when she first appeared as private investigator Jill Munroe in the first season of the TV series ''Charlie's Angels, in 1976. Fawcett later appeared off-Broadway to critical approval and in highly rated and critically acclaimed television movies, in roles often challenging (The Burning Bed, Nazi Hunter: The Beate Klarsfeld Story, , Margaret Bourke-White) and sometimes unsympathetic (Small Sacrifices). Fawcett was a sex symbol whose iconic poster, released the same year Charlie's Angels'' premiered, broke sales records, making her an international pop culture icon. Her hair style was emulated by millions of young women in the 1970s and early 1980s.
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Felix Standaert
Felix Standaert (born July 7, 1947) is a Belgian diplomat and former Belgian ambassador to the Holy See and Ruanda. He was a member of the Coudenberg group, a Belgian federalist think tank.
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France Gall
France Gall (born Isabelle Geneviève Marie Anne Gall on 9 October 1947 in Paris, France) is a popular French yé-yé singer.
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Frances Cleveland
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Frances Yip
Frances Yip Lai-yee is a Hong Kong Cantopop singer. She is best known for performing many of the theme songs for television series produced by TVB in the 1980s and early 1990s.
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Franciscus Henri
Franciscus Henricus Antheunis, professionally known as Franciscus Henri (born 7 August 1947), is an internationally known musician and children's entertainer. He is Dutch born. He has dual Dutch/Australian nationality. He performs as himself and also as his alter-ego Mister Whiskers, a travelling singer who loves children and performs for them with his dog companion, Smiggy.
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Freddy Weller
Freddy Weller (born Wilton Frederick Weller on September 9, 1947) is a United States country music singer-songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia. His recording career started in 1969, while he was playing guitar in the band Paul Revere & The Raiders.
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Frederick Hopkins
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Friz Freleng
Isadore "Friz" Freleng (August 21, 1905 – May 26, 1995) was an animator, cartoonist, director, and producer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. He introduced and/or developed several of the studio's biggest stars, including Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the cat, Yosemite Sam (to whom he was said to bear more than a passing resemblance) and Speedy Gonzales. The senior director at Warners' Termite Terrace studio, Freleng directed more cartoons than any other director in the studio (a total of 266), and is also the most honored of the Warner directors, having won four Academy Awards. After Warners shut down the animation studio in 1963, Freleng and business partner David DePatie founded DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, which produced cartoons (notably The Pink Panther Show), feature film title sequences, and Saturday morning cartoons through the early 1980s. The nickname "Friz" came from how "frizzly" his hair was at one time.
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G. H. Hardy
Godfrey Harold “G. H.” Hardy FRS (7 February 1877 – 1 December 1947) was a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis.
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Gail Farrell
Gail Farrell (born October 6, 1947) American singer and songwriter who is famous as a member of the long running TV musical variety program The Lawrence Welk Show.
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Gaspar G. Bacon
Gaspar Griswold Bacon (March 7, 1886 – December 25, 1947) was on the board of Harvard University, President of the Massachusetts Senate (1929-32) and Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (1933-1935).
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Gene Green
Raymond Eugene "Gene" Green (born October 17, 1947) is a Democratic politician and a U.S. congressman from the state of Texas, representing that state's . ([http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/preview/congdist/tx29_109.gif map]). The district includes most of eastern Houston, along with large portions of Houston's eastern suburbs.
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George Marshall
George Catlett Marshall (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American military leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense. Once noted as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As Secretary of State, his name was given to the Marshall Plan, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.
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Gerard Schwarz
Gerard Schwarz (born August 19, 1947) is an American conductor. He has been music director of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra since 1985. In 2007, he was named Music Director of the Eastern Music Festival in North Carolina (he served as Principal Conductor since 2005) where he has expanded the Festival's audiences to the largest in its history, enhanced education and programming to include a composer in residence, three new concert series, and increased collaboration with An Appalachian Summer Festival where he is Artistic Partner for Symphonic Music Programming.
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Gerd Binnig
Gerd Binnig (born July 20, 1947) is a German physicist, and a Nobel laureate.
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Gerry Rafferty
Gerry Rafferty (born Gerald Rafferty, 16 April 1947, in Paisley) is a Scottish singer and songwriter. He is the son of a Scottish mother and an Irish father.
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Gerty Cori
Gerty Theresa Cori (née Radnitz, August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an American biochemist who became the third woman—and first American woman—to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
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Gidon Kremer
Gidon Kremer () (born February 27, 1947) is a Latvian violinist and conductor. In 1980 he left the USSR and settled in Germany.
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Giorgio Cavazzano
Giorgio Cavazzano (born October 19, 1947, Venice) is an Italian comic strip artist. He started his career at age 14, as an inker for Romano Scarpa. He made stories about Disney characters Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Scrooge McDuck and others.
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Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (; 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian Romantic composer, mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers of the 19th century. His works are frequently performed in opera houses throughout the world and, transcending the boundaries of the genre, some of his themes have long since taken root in popular culture - such as "La donna è mobile" from Rigoletto, "Va, pensiero" (The Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves) from Nabucco, "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" (The Drinking Song) from La traviata and the "Grand March" from Aida. Although his work was sometimes criticized for using a generally diatonic rather than a chromatic musical idiom and having a tendency toward melodrama, Verdi’s masterworks dominate the standard repertoire a century and a half after their composition.
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Glen Buxton
Glen Edward Buxton (November 10, 1947 – October 19, 1997) was an American musician, and guitarist for the original Alice Cooper band. He was born in Akron, Ohio.
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Glenn Close
Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947) is an American actress and singer of stage and screen, known for her roles as a femme fatale (the scheming marchioness of Merteuil in Dangerous Liaisons (1988), and deranged stalker Alex Forrest in Fatal Attraction (1987). She is also known for playing Cruella de Vil in 101 Dalmatians (1996), and its sequel 102 Dalmatians (2000). She has been more recently known for being in the FX TV series Damages. She has been nominated five times for an Oscar, and has won three Tonys, an Obie, three Emmys, two Golden Globes, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
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Glenn Tipton
Glenn Raymond Tipton (born 25 October 1947 in Blackheath, West Midlands, UK) is one of the Grammy Award winning guitarists (and occasional keyboard player) for the British heavy metal band Judas Priest. Prior to joining Judas Priest, he was in The Flying Hat Band.
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Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was the only Democrat elected to the presidency in the era of Republican political domination that lasted from 1860 to 1912.
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Gunnar Hansen
Gunnar Milton Hansen (born March 4, 1947) is an Icelandic American actor and author best known for playing Leatherface in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974).
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Gwen Welles
Gwen Welles (March 4, 1947 - October 13, 1993) was an American actress of stage and screen. She was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, as Gwen Goldberg, not, as has been misreported, the daughter of Rebecca Welles (1944-2004), which is impossible, but rather the daughter of Rebecca Weis Welles (born 1928), also an actress.
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Gérard Blanc
Gérard Blanc (December 8, 1947 – January 24, 2009) was a French singer and guitarist.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953). As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice-president and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his historic fourth term.
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Hasan Saka
Hasan Saka (1885, Akçaabat – July 29, 1960) was a Turkish politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Prime Minister of Turkey.
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Hector (musician)
Heikki Veikko Harma (born April 20, 1947, Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish singer-songwriter who has also distinguished himself as a translator of song lyrics, but has written popular lyrics of his own too. To the public he's better known by the name Hector, which he has used since the release of his 1965 debut single "Palkkasoturi", a Finnish translation of Buffy Sainte-Marie's "Universal Soldier". His 1974 album Hectorrock I became the fastest selling record in Finnish history, selling 50,000 units within a few months. Hector was at the height of his popularity in the first half of the 1970s, but his steady string of recordings provided occasional hits well into the 1990s. In 2000s he made strong comeback to popularity with his album Ei selityksiä. That album became one of his most successful albums. In 2007 he made a farewell tour on big arenas, but has performed occasionally after that too.
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Heinrich Häberlin
Heinrich Häberlin (September 6, 1868 - February 26, 1947) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1920-1934).
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Henry Ford
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, founder of the Ford Motor Company and developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. As owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with "Fordism", that is, mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put a dealership in every city in North America, and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation but arranged for his family to control the company permanently.
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Herman Van Rompuy
Herman Van Rompuy ( ; born 31 October 1947) is the first long term and full time President of the European Council (until the Treaty of Lisbon, the position had rotated among the Prime Ministers of the Member States for six months each, since then in addition they choose a President of their meetings for a 2 1/2 year period, renewable once). A Belgian politician of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party, he served as the 49th Prime Minister of Belgium from 30 December 2008 until his predecessor () succeeded him on 25 November 2009.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Howard Hughes
Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was an American aviator, engineer, industrialist, film producer, film director, philanthropist, and one of the wealthiest people in the world. He gained prominence from the late 1920s as a maverick film producer, making big-budget and often controversial films like ''Hell's Angels, Scarface and The Outlaw''. Hughes was one of the most influential aviators in history: he set multiple world air-speed records, built the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 "Hercules" (better known to history as the "Spruce Goose") aircraft, and acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines. Hughes is also remembered for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle in later life, caused in part by a worsening obsessive–compulsive disorder. His legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Hugh Lofting
Hugh John Lofting (January 14, 1886 – September 26, 1947) was a British author, trained as a civil engineer, who created the character of Doctor Dolittle — one of the classics of children's literature.
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Iggy Pop
Iggy Pop (born James Newell Osterberg, Jr.; April 21, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and occasional actor. He is considered an influential innovator of punk rock, hard rock, and other styles of rock music. Pop began calling himself Iggy after his first band in high school (for which he was drummer), The Iguanas. Iggy Pop is widely acknowledged as one of the most dynamic stage performers of all time.
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Inky Mark
Inky Mark (麥鼎鴻, pinyin: Mài Dǐnghóng) (born November 17, 1947) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the Canadian House of Commons, representing the Manitoba riding of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette. Mark is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.
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Isaac Bitton
Isaac “Jacky” Bitton (born December 2, 1947) was the drummer for Les Variations, a French rock band that rose to stardom between 1967 and 1975, after which when they split up.
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Ismail Omar Guelleh
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh (Somali: Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle. Arabic: اسماعيل عُمر جليه) (born November 27, 1947) is the President of Djibouti. He succeeded his uncle, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, in 1999.
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Istria
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.Alan John Day, Roger East, Richard Thomas, [http://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg;=PA280&dq;=istria+croatia+slovenia+italy&hl;=cs&ei;=-B6VTO-GAcOU4Aak6MWGBA&sa;=X&oi;=book_result&ct;=result&resnum;=2&ved;=0CDQQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q;=istria%20croatia%20slovenia%20italy&f;=false A political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe], Routledge, 1sr ed. (2002), ISBN 1857430638
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Ivan Regen
Ivan (Janez) Regen (known also as Johann Regen) (December 9, 1868 – July 27, 1947) was a Slovenian biologist, best known for his studies in the field of bioacoustics.
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J. N. Brønsted
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J. Warren Kerrigan
George Jack Warren Kerrigan (July 25, 1879 – June 9, 1947) was an American silent film actor and film director.
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Jackie Robinson
Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was the first black Major League Baseball (MLB) player of the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when he debuted with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. As the first black man to play in the major leagues since the 1880s, he was instrumental in bringing an end to racial segregation in professional baseball, which had relegated black players to the Negro leagues for six decades. The example of his character and unquestionable talent challenged the traditional basis of segregation, which then marked many other aspects of American life, and contributed significantly to the Civil Rights Movement.
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Jaclyn Smith
Jaclyn Ellen Smith (born October 26, 1947) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Kelly Garrett in the television series ''Charlie's Angels'', and was the only original female lead to remain with the series for its complete run (1976–81). She became a well known face on television starring in over thirty made for TV movies and more recently was the hostess of Bravo's weekly competitive reality television show Shear Genius for its first two seasons. Beginning in the 1980s, she began developing and marketing her own brands of clothing and perfume. She has often been voted one of the most beautiful women in the world.
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James H. Fallon
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James Patterson
James B. Patterson (born March 22, 1947) is an American author of thriller novels, largely known for his series about American psychologist Alex Cross. Patterson also wrote the Michael Bennett, Women's Murder Club, Maximum Ride, Daniel X, and Witch & Wizard series, as well as many stand-alone thrillers, nonfiction and romance novels.
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Jamie Donnelly
Jamie Donnelly (born 1947) is an American actress.
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Jan Garbarek
Jan Garbarek (born 4 March 1947 in Mysen, Norway) is a Norwegian tenor and soprano saxophonist, active in the jazz, classical, and world music genres. Garbarek was the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war Czeslaw Garbarek and a Norwegian farmer's daughter. Effectively stateless until the age of seven (there is no automatic grant of citizenship in Norway) Garbarek grew up in Oslo. At 21, he married Vigdis. His daughter Anja Garbarek is also a musician.
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Jane Curtin
Jane Therese Curtin (born September 6, 1947) is an American actress and comedienne. She is commonly referred to as Queen of the Deadpan.
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Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi/Kashmiri: जवाहरलाल नेहरू, pronounced ; 14 November 1889–27 May 1964) was an Indian statesman who was the (and to date the longest-serving) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. One of the leading figures in the Indian independence movement, Nehru was elected by the Congress Party to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, and re-elected when the Congress Party won India's first general election in 1952. As one of the founders of the Non-aligned Movement, he was also an important figure in the international politics of the post-war era. He is frequently referred to as Pandit Nehru ("pandit" being a Sanskrit and Hindi honorific meaning "scholar" or "teacher") and, specifically in India, as Panditji (with "-ji" being a honorific suffix).
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Jeff Lynne
Jeffrey "Jeff" Lynne (born 30 December 1947; Shard End, Birmingham) is an English songwriter, composer, arranger, singer, guitarist, and record producer who gained fame as the leader and sole constant member of Electric Light Orchestra and was a co-founder and member of The Traveling Wilburys. Lynne has produced recordings for artists such as The Beatles, Brian Wilson, Roy Orbison, Del Shannon and Tom Petty. He has co-written songs with Petty and also with George Harrison whose 1987 album Cloud Nine was co-produced by Lynne and Harrison. His compositions include "Do Ya", "Livin' Thing", "Evil Woman", "Turn to Stone", "Sweet Talkin' Woman", "Telephone Line", "Mr. Blue Sky", "Hold on Tight" and "Don't Bring Me Down".
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Jerry John Rawlings
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Jerzy Stuhr
Jerzy Stuhr (; born 18 April 1947 in Kraków) is one of the most popular and versatile Polish actors. He also works as a screenwriter, film director and drama professor. He serves as the Rector of the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts in Kraków.
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Jessica Savitch
Jessica Beth Savitch (February 1, 1947 – October 23, 1983) was an American television broadcaster and news reporter, host of PBS' Frontline and New York weekend anchor of NBC Nightly News during the short-lived Roger Mudd/Tom Brokaw era.
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Jessica Tandy
Jessie Alice "Jessica" Tandy (7 June 1909 – 11 September 1994) was an English stage and film actress.
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Jew
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Jill Eikenberry
Jill Eikenberry (born January 21, 1947) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as lawyer Ann Kelsey in L.A. Law (1986-1994), where she co-starred with her real-life husband Michael Tucker.
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Jim Rosenthal
Jim Rosenthal (born 6 November 1947) is a sports presenter on British television.
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Jim Tully
Jim Tully (June 3, 1886 - June 22, 1947) was a vagabond, pugilist, and American writer. His critical and commercial success in the 1920s and 30s may qualify him as the greatest long shot in American literature.
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Jimmie Lunceford
James Melvin "Jimmie" Lunceford (June 6, 1902 – July 12, 1947) was an American jazz alto saxophonist and bandleader in the swing era.
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Jimmie Walker
James Carter "Jimmie" Walker (born June 25, 1947) is an American actor and stand-up comedian, known for portraying J.J. Evans on the television series Good Times, which ran from 1974 to 1979. While on the show, Walker's character was known for the catch phrase, "Dy-no-mite!" which he also used in his mid-1970s TV commercial for a Panasonic line of cassette and 8-track tape players.
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Joe Mantegna
Joseph Anthony “Joe” Mantegna, Jr. (born November 13, 1947) is an American actor, producer, writer and director. He is best known for his roles in box-office hits such as Three Amigos (1986), The Godfather Part III (1990), Airheads (1994), Forget Paris (1995), Up Close & Personal (1996), and The Simpsons Movie (2007).
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Joe Walsh
:For other persons named Joseph/Joe Walsh, see Joseph/Joe Walsh
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Johan Cruijff
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Johannes Winkler
Johannes Winkler was a German rocket pioneer who founded the first German rocket society and launched the first successful liquid-fuelled rocket in Europe.
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John Boswell
John Eastburn Boswell (March 20, 1947–December 24, 1994) was a prominent historian and a professor at Yale University. Many of Boswell's studies focused on the issue of homosexuality and religion, specifically homosexuality and Christianity.
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John Coolidge Adams
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John Halliday
John Halliday (September 14, 1880 – October 17, 1947) was an American actor of stage and screen, who often played suave aristocrats and foreigners.
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John Ince (actor)
John Ince, also known as John E. Ince, (August 29, 1878 – April 10, 1947) was an American stage and motion pictures actor, a film director, and the eldest brother of Thomas and Ralph Ince. A leading man from the early 1910s, he also directed and scripted several of his own vehicles. Concentrating almost exclusively on directing from 1915 through 1928, Ince returned before the cameras as a character actor in the early years of the talkies.
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John Larroquette
John Bernard Larroquette (born November 25, 1947) is an American film and television actor. His roles include Dan Fielding on the series Night Court, Mike McBride in the Hallmark Channel series McBride and Carl Sack in Boston Legal.
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John Ratzenberger
John Deszo Ratzenberger (born April 6, 1947) is an American actor, voice actor, entrepreneur, and leading advocate for skilled worker shortage crisis. He is best known for his role as Cliff Clavin in Cheers.
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John Varley (author)
John Herbert Varley (born August 9, 1947 in Austin, Texas) is an American science fiction author.
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Jonathan Pryce
Jonathan Pryce, CBE (born 1 June 1947) is a Welsh stage and film actor and singer. After studying at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and meeting his long time partner English actress Kate Fahy in 1974, he began his career as a stage actor in the 1970s. His work in theatre, including an award-winning performance in the title role of the Royal Court Theatre's Hamlet, led to several supporting roles in film and television. He made his breakthrough screen performance in Terry Gilliam's 1985 cult film Brazil.
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Joseph Cook
Sir Joseph Cook, GCMG (7 December 1860 – 30 July 1947) was an Australian politician and the sixth Prime Minister of Australia. Born as Joseph Cooke and working in the coal mines of Silverdale, Staffordshire during his early life, he emigrated to Lithgow, New South Wales during the late 1880s, and became General-Secretary of the Western Miners Association in 1887.
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Josh Gibson
Joshua Gibson (December 21, 1911 – January 20, 1947) was an American catcher in baseball's Negro Leagues. He played for the Homestead Grays from 1930 to 1931, moved to the Pittsburgh Crawfords from 1932 to 1936, and returned to the Grays from 1937 to 1939 and 1942 to 1946. In 1937 he played for Ciudad Trujillo in Trujillo's Dominican League and from 1940 to 1941 he played in the Mexican League for Rojos del Aguila de Veracruz. Gibson served as the first manager of the Santurce Crabbers, one of the most historic franchises of the Puerto Rico Baseball League. He stood 6-foot-1 (185 cm) and weighed 210 pounds (95 kg) at the peak of his career.
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Jude Ciccolella
Richard Jude Ciccolella (born November 30, 1947), better known as Jude Ciccolella, is an American character actor.
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Jules S. Moch
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Kalervo Palsa
Hugo Kalervo Palsa (March 12, 1947 – October 3, 1987), or Kalle was a Finnish artist in a style that has been described as fantastic realism.
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Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis "Lew" Alcindor, Jr., April 16, 1947) is an American retired basketball player, coach, actor, and author. During his career with the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers from 1969 to 1989, Abdul-Jabbar scored more points than any other player in league history, won six NBA championships and a record six regular season MVP Awards. In college at UCLA, he played on three championship teams, and his high school team won 71 consecutive games.
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Kathy Acker
Kathy Acker (née Karen Lehmann) (18 April 1947 – 30 November 1997) was an American experimental novelist, punk poet, playwright, essayist, postmodernist and sex-positive feminist writer. She was strongly influenced by the Black Mountain School, William S. Burroughs, David Antin, French critical theory, philosophy, and pornography.
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Ken St. Andre
Kenneth Eugene St. Andre (born on April 28, 1947) is a retired public librarian, fantasy author, and game designer, best known for his work with Tunnels & Trolls. He has been an active member of The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America since 1989.
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Kevin Kline
Kevin Delaney Kline (born October 24, 1947) is an American theatre, voice and film actor. He has won an Academy Award and two Tony Awards, and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2009.
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Kiki Dee
Kiki Dee (born Pauline Matthews, 6 March 1947, Little Horton, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England) is a singer-songwriter, with a career spanning more than 40 years.
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Kim Campbell
Avril Phaedra Douglas "Kim" Campbell, PC, CC, QC (born March 10, 1947) is a Canadian politician who was the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from June 25, 1993, to November 4, 1993 (132 days). Campbell was the first and to date the only female Prime Minister of Canada, the first baby boomer to hold that office and the first to have been born in British Columbia.
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Kurdish people
The Kurds () are an Iranian-speaking ethnolinguistic group mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. Substantial Kurdish communities also exist in the cities of western Turkey, and they can also be found in Armenia, Georgia, Israel, Azerbaijan, Russia, Lebanon and, in recent decades, some European countries and the United States (see Kurdish diaspora). Most speak Kurdish, an Indo-European language of the Iranian branch. The Kurds are classified as an Iranian people.Bois, Th.; Minorsky, V.; Bois, Th.; Bois, Th.; MacKenzie, D.N.; Bois, Th. "Kurds, Kurdistan." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online. Excerpt 1:"The Kurds, an Iranian people of the Near East, live at the junction of more or less laicised Turkey"..Excerpt 2: "The classification of the Kurds among the Iranian nations is based mainly on linguistic and historical data and does not prejudice the fact there is a complexity of ethnical elements incorporated in them" Excerpt 3:"We thus find that about the period of the Arab conquest a single ethnic term Kurd (plur. Akrād ) was beginning to be applied to an amalgamation of Iranian or iranicised tribes. Among the latter, some were autochthonous (the Ḳardū; the Tmorik̲h̲/Ṭamurāyē in the district of which Alḳī = Elk was the capital; the Χοθα̑ίται [= al-Ḵh̲uwayt̲h̲iyya] in the canton of Ḵh̲oyt of Sāsūn, the Orṭāyē [= al-Arṭān] in the bend of the Euphrates); some were Semites (cf. the popular genealogies of the Kurd tribes) and some probably Armenian (it is said that the Mamakān tribe is of Mamikonian origin). " Excerpt 4: "In the 20th century, the existence of an Iranian non-Kurdish element among the Kurds has been definitely established (the Gūrān-Zāzā group)."
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Lamar S. Smith
Lamar Seeligson Smith (born November 19, 1947) is an attorney from the state of Texas, currently representing the state's 21st congressional district ([http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/preview/congdist/tx21_109.gif map]) in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican.
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Larnelle Harris
Larnelle Harris (born July 6, 1947) in Danville, Kentucky is a Gospel singer, songwriter and recording artist. During his 30-plus years of ministry, Harris has recorded 18 albums, won five Grammy Awards and 18 Dove Awards, and has had several number one songs on the Inspirational Music charts.
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Larry David
Lawrence Eugene "Larry" David (born July 2, 1947) is an American actor, writer, comedian, and producer. In 1989, he teamed up with Jerry Seinfeld to co-create the television series Seinfeld, where he also acted as head writer and executive producer. David's work won him a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1993. In 1999, he created the HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm, a partially improvised sitcom in which he stars as a fictionalized version of himself. Formerly a standup comedian, David went into television comedy, writing and starring in ABC's Fridays, as well as writing briefly for Saturday Night Live. He was voted by other comedians the 23rd-greatest comedian of all time in British Channel 4's poll ''The Comedians' Comedian''.
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Larry Lamb (actor)
Lawrence Douglas "Larry" Lamb (born ) is an English actor who has worked frequently in television. He is best known for playing Archie Mitchell in the BBC television soap EastEnders, Michael Shipman in the BBC television show Gavin & Stacey and Mischievous Marty in the cult sitcom ''Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?''
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Larry Manetti
Larry Manetti (born July 23, 1942, Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor best known for his starring role as Orville "Rick" Wright on the long-running CBS television series Magnum P.I. which starred Tom Selleck as the title character.
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Laura Schlessinger
Laura Catherine Schlessinger (born January 16, 1947) is an American talk radio host, socially conservative commentator and author. Her radio program consists mainly of her responses to callers' requests for personal advice and has occasionally featured her short monologues on social and political topics. Schlessinger's advice has been variously characterized as direct, wise, to-the-point, abrupt and cruel. Her website says that her show "preaches, teaches, and nags about morals, values and ethics."
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Laurie Walters
Laurie Walters (born January 8, 1947, San Francisco, California) is a former television actress, arguably best known for playing Joanie Bradford on Eight Is Enough, which aired from 1977 until 1981 on ABC.
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Leevi Madetoja
Leevi Antti Madetoja (17 February 1887 6 October 1947) was a Finnish composer.
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Leon Patillo
Leon Patillo (born January 1, 1947) is an American CCM musician.
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Leonid Yuzefovich
Leonid Abramovich Yuzefovich (, born December 18, 1947 in Moscow) is a Russian writer known for the series of crime fiction stories taking place in pre-Revolution Russian Empire. He also writes non-fiction books about history, and currently adapts his stories for TV serials.
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Leslie Grantham
Leslie Michael Grantham (born 30 April 1947) is an English actor best known for his role as "Dirty" Den Watts in the soap opera EastEnders. He is also a convicted murderer, having served 10 years for the killing of a German taxi driver, and he generated significant press coverage as the result of an online sex scandal in 2004.
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Liaqat Ali Khan
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Linda B. Buck
Linda B. Buck, Ph.D., (born January 29, 1947) is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors.
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Liza Wang
Elizabeth Wang Ming-chun, SBS, commonly known as Liza Wang, is an accomplished diva, actress and MC in Hong Kong. She is a well-known personality in Chinese-speaking communities. She has been nicknamed "The Big Sister" in the HK entertainment circle. Wang was formerly a delegate in the National People's Congress from 1988 to 1997, she is currently a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
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Louise Arbour
Louise Arbour, CC, GOQ (born February 10, 1947) is the former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, a former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Court of Appeal for Ontario and a former Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. She has since July 2009 served as President and CEO of the International Crisis Group.
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Louise Lanctôt
Louise Lanctôt, born March 24, 1947, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, is a convicted kidnapper and writer.
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Lukas Resetarits
Lukas Resetarits (born October 14, 1947 in Stinatz) is an Austrian cabaret artist and actor, best known for playing police inspector Kottan in the Austrian TV series Kottan ermittelt.
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Lynn Anderson
Lynn Rene Anderson (born September 26, 1947 in Grand Forks, North Dakota) is an American country music singer and equestrian, best known for her Grammy Award-winning, country crossover mega-hit, "(I Never Promised You A) Rose Garden." Helped by her regular exposure on national television, Anderson was one of the most popular female country singers of the 1970s. She has scored eleven No.1, eighteen Top-10, and over fifty Top-40 hits. She was the first female country artist to win an American Music Award in 1974, as well as the first to headline and sellout Madison Square Garden that same year. Anderson was named Billboard's "Artist of the Decade" (1970–80).
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Léon-Paul Fargue
Léon-Paul Fargue (4 March 1876 - 24 November 1947) was a French poet and essayist.
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Maddy Prior
Maddy Prior (born 14 August 1947, Blackpool, England) is an English folk singer who sings in Steeleye Span.
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Marc Bolan
Marc Bolan (born Mark Feld 30 September 1947 – 16 September 1977), was an English singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known for his work with T. Rex. His music, as well as his highly original sense of style and extraordinary stage presence helped create the glam rock era, making him one of the most recognizable stars in British rock music.
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Marc Messier
Marc Messier (born August 16, 1947 in Granby, Quebec) is a Canadian actor and filmmaker.
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Mark Helprin
Mark Helprin (born June 28, 1947) is an American novelist, journalist, and conservative commentator.
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Markos Vafiadis
Markos Vafiadis (; Theodosiopolis (Erzurum), Ottoman Empire, 1906 – Athens, Greece, February 23, 1992) was a leading cadre of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) during the Greek Civil War.
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Marlon Brando
Marlon Brando, Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor who performed for over half a century.
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Mart Smeets
Martinus ("Mart") Jan Smeets (born January 11, 1947 in Arnhem) is a Dutch radio and television personality, writer, and columnist.
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Martha Nussbaum
Martha Nussbaum (born Martha Craven on May 6, 1947) is an American philosopher with a particular interest in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy and ethics.
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Masashi Ozaki
is a Japanese professional golfer. Ozaki is often known as Jumbo Ozaki (ジャンボ尾崎 Janbo Ozaki) on account of his height and length off the tee. He featured in the top ten of the Official World Golf Rankings for almost 200 weeks between 1989 and 1998. He is the most successful player of all time on the Japan Golf Tour, having led the money list a record 12 times and won 94 tournaments, more than 40 more than the second highest tally. Ozaki was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2010 and will be inducted in May 2011.
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Maude Barlow
Maude Victoria Barlow (born May 24, 1947) is a Canadian author and activist. She is the national chairperson of The Council of Canadians, a citizens’ advocacy organization with members and chapters across Canada. She is also the co-founder of the Blue Planet Project, which works internationally for the right to water. Maude chairs the board of Washington-based Food & Water Watch and is also an executive member of the San Francisco–based International Forum on Globalization and a Councillor with the Hamburg-based World Future Council. She is the recipient of ten honorary doctorates as well as many awards, including the 2005 Right Livelihood Award (known as the “Alternative Nobel”), the Citation of Lifetime Achievement at the 2008 Canadian Environment Award, and the 2009 Earth Day Canada Outstanding Environmental Achievement Award. In 2008/2009, she served as Senior Advisor on Water to the 63rd President of the United Nations General Assembly. She is also the best selling author or co-author of 16 books, including the international best seller Blue Covenant: The Global Water Crisis and The Coming Battle for the Right to Water.
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Max Planck
Max Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a German physicist. He is considered to be the founder of the quantum theory, and thus one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.
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Maxwell Perkins
William Maxwell Evarts Perkins (September 20, 1884 – June 17, 1947), was the editor for Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Thomas Wolfe. He has been described as the most famous literary editor.
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Meat Loaf
Michael Lee Aday (born Marvin Lee Aday on September 27, 1947), better known by his stage name Meat Loaf is an American rock musician and actor. He is noted for the Bat Out of Hell album trilogy consisting of Bat Out of Hell, and . Bat Out of Hell has sold more than 43 million copies. After more than 30 years, it still sells an estimated 200,000 copies annually, and stayed on the charts for over nine years.
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Melanie Safka
Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk (born February 3, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter.
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Mercury Morris
Eugene Edward "Mercury" Morris (born January 5, 1947), is a former American football player, nicknamed early on for his mercurial quickness when running with the ball. Morris was a running back and kick returner for 9 years, playing mostly for the Miami Dolphins (at first, in the American Football League, then, in the American Football Conference following the 1969 merger with the NFL).
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Meredith Baxter
Meredith Baxter (born June 21, 1947), also known for some years as Meredith Baxter-Birney, is an American actress and producer. She is known for her acting roles including two television series: Family (1976–1980), an ABC television-network drama, and Family Ties (1982–1989), an NBC television-network situation comedy.
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Michael Ignatieff
Michael Grant Ignatieff (; born May 12, 1947) is the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and Leader of the Official Opposition in Canada. Widely known for his work as a historian and author, Ignatieff held senior academic posts at the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, Harvard University and the University of Toronto before entering politics in 2006.
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Michael McKean
Michael John McKean (born October 17, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, writer, composer and musician, perhaps best known for his portrayal of Squiggy's friend, Leonard 'Lenny' Kosnowski, on the sitcom Laverne and Shirley; as David St. Hubbins of Spinal Tap; and for his work in the Christopher Guest ensemble films.
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Michael of Romania
Michael (born 25 October 1921) reigned as King of the Romanians (, literally "His Majesty Michael I King of the Romanians") from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930, and again from 6 September 1940, until forced to abdicate by the communists backed up by orders of Stalin to the Soviet armies of occupation on 30 December 1947. In addition to being the current pretender to the throne of Romania, he is also a Prince of Hohenzollern.
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Michio Kaku
is an American theoretical physicist specializing in string field theory, a futurist, and a science communicator. He is a popularizer of science, a best-selling author and media presenter.
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Mike Gorman
Michael "Mike" Gorman (born November 24, 1947, in Dorchester, Massachusetts) is a television play-by-play commentator for the Boston Celtics basketball team, currently broadcasting on the Comcast Sportsnet New England or the New England Sports Network cable channel. Gorman is a graduate of Boston Latin School and Boston State College (now University of Massachusetts-Boston).
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Mike Krzyzewski
Michael William "Mike" Krzyzewski (; ; born February 13, 1947) is the men's college basketball coach of the Duke Blue Devils. He is also the coach of the United States men's national basketball team, whom he led to a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2010 FIBA World Championship.
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Mikhail Kalashnikov
Lieutenant General Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov (, Mihail Timofeevič Kalašnikov) (born November 10, 1919 in Russia's southern Altai region) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) small arms designer, most famous for designing the AK-47 assault rifle, the AKM and the AK-74.
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Minnie Riperton
Minnie Julia Riperton (November 8, 1947 – July 12, 1979) was an American singer-songwriter best known for her vocal range of five-and-a-half octaves and her 1975 single "Lovin' You". She was married to songwriter and music producer Richard Rudolph from 1972 until her death in the summer of 1979. They had two children - music engineer Marc Rudolph and actress/comedienne Maya Rudolph.
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Mitch Mitchell
John "Mitch" Mitchell (9 July 1947 – 12 November 2008) was an English drummer, best known for his work in The Jimi Hendrix Experience.
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Mitsuo Tsukahara
Mitsuo Tsukahara (塚原 光男 Tsukahara Mitsuo, born December 22, 1947) is a Japanese artistic gymnast. He was five times an Olympic Gold Medalist. His remained active in the sport after his retirement from competition. He served as vice president of the Japan Gymnastic Association.
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Mitt Romney
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Mohammad Najibullah
Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (), originally just Najib, (August 6, 1947September 28, 1996) was the fourth and last President of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He is also considered the second President of the Republic of Afghanistan.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Officeholder
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Murray Perahia
Murray Perahia KBE (born April 19, 1947) is an American concert pianist and conductor.
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Nolan Ryan
Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. (born on January 31, 1947) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He currently is a part-owner of the Texas Rangers, for whom he serves as team president.
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Norma McCorvey
Norma Leah McCorvey (née Nelson; September 22, 1947), better known by the legal pseudonym "Jane Roe", was the plaintiff in the landmark American lawsuit Roe v. Wade in 1973. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned individual states' laws against abortion by ruling them unconstitutional. Later, McCorvey's opinions on abortion changed, and she is now active in pro-life causes.
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O. J. Simpson
Orenthal James "O. J." Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed "The Juice", is a retired American football player, football broadcaster, spokesman, actor, and convicted felon.
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Olive Borden
Olive Borden (July 14, 1906 – October 1, 1947) was an American actress in silent and early talkies. Nicknamed "The Joy Girl", Borden was known for her jet-black hair and overall beauty.
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P. J. O'Rourke
'''Patrick Jake "P. J." O'Rourke''' (born November 14, 1947) is an American political satirist, journalist, writer and author.
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Paco de Lucía
Paco de Lucía, born Francisco Sánchez Gómez (in Algeciras, Cádiz on December 21, 1947), is a Spanish composer and guitarist. Recognized as a virtuoso flamenco guitarist all over the world, he is a leading proponent of the Modern Flamenco style, and is one of the very few flamenco guitarists who has also successfully crossed over into other genres of music. He enjoys, and has been a successful musician in, many styles such as classical, jazz and world music. He is the winner of the 2004 Prince of Asturias Awards in Arts and 2010 was awarded an honorary doctorate by Berklee College of Music in Boston.
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Pam Ayres
Pam Ayres MBE (born 14 March 1947) is an English poet, songwriter and presenter of radio and television programmes.
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Paul Auster
Paul Benjamin Auster (born February 3, 1947) is an American author known for works blending absurdism, existentialism, crime fiction and the search for identity and personal meaning in works such as The New York Trilogy (1987), Moon Palace (1989), The Music of Chance (1990), The Book of Illusions (2002) and The Brooklyn Follies (2005).
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Paul Brady
Paul Joseph Brady (born 19 May 1947, Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland) is an Irish singer-songwriter, whose work straddles folk and pop. He was interested in a wide variety of music from an early age. During his career he has passed through several major bands and on to a successful solo phase.
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Paula Dean
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Paula Koivuniemi
Paula Koivuniemi (born June 19, 1947, Seinäjoki) is a Finnish singer who started her singing career in 1960's. Koivuniemi released her first hit single "Perhonen" (Butterfly) in 1966. In the 1970s her career was in decline, but during the 1980s she had many hit singles in Finland - she received nine gold albums and one diamond album.
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Pete Maravich
Peter "Pistol Pete" Press Maravich (June 22, 1947 – January 5, 1988) made basketball history as the most spectacular college scorer ever. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Maravich starred in college at Louisiana State University (LSU) and for three NBA teams. He is still the all-time leading NCAA Division I scorer with 3,667 points scored and an average of 44.2 points per game. Maravich died suddenly at age 40 during a pick-up game as a consequence of a previously undetected congenital heart defect. One of the youngest players ever inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, Maravich was cited by the Hall as "perhaps the greatest creative offensive talent in history". In an April 2010 interview, Hall of Fame player John Havlicek said "the best ball-handler of all time was (Pete) Maravich". A biographical movie, "Pistol: The Birth of a Legend", was made in 1990. This movie is based on his first season of high school varsity basketball (which he played when he was in eighth grade).
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Peter DeFazio
Peter Anthony DeFazio (born May 27, 1947) is an American politician. He serves as a Democratic U.S. Representative from Oregon, representing the since 1987. The district includes Eugene, Springfield, Roseburg and part of Corvallis. DeFazio is Oregon's most senior member of Congress, which makes him the dean of Oregon's House of Representatives delegation. A native of Massachusetts and a veteran of the United States Air Force, he previously served as a county commissioner in Lane County, Oregon.
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Peter Irniq
Peter Taqtu Irniq (born: 1947 in Lyon Inlet near Repulse Bay, Northwest Territories) is an Inuk politician in Canada, who served as the second Commissioner of Nunavut from April 2000 to April 2005.
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Peter Serkin
Peter Adolf Serkin (born July 24, 1947) is an American pianist.
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Peter Strauss
Peter Strauss (born February 20, 1947) is an American television and movie actor, known for his roles in several television miniseries in the 1970s and 1980s. Notably, as Abel Roznovski in Kane and Abel, the TV miniseries from Jeffrey Archer's book of the same title. He won an Emmy Award for his role on the 1979 made-for-television movie The Jericho Mile, and starred in a television remake of the classic 1946 film Angel On My Shoulder in 1980. His other noted television miniseries credits include roles in Rich Man, Poor Man, the sequel Rich Man, Poor Man Book II, and Masada. Strauss also played Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. in the 1977 TV movie Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy.
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Phil Driscoll
Phil Driscoll (born November 9, 1947 in Seattle, Washington), is a Contemporary Christian singer, composer, and (perhaps best known as) a trumpet player. He has a music and speaking ministry. Driscoll won a Best Gospel Performance Grammy for a duet with Debby Boone on "Keep the Fire Burning," and has been nominated for two additional Grammy's for Best Pop Album and Best Gospel/Pop Album. He also has won numerous other national awards for his music, including the Christian Country Music Association Award for Best Musician and Canadian Country Musical Association's Musician of the Year.
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Philipp Lenard
Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (June 7, 1862 – May 20, 1947), known in Hungarian as Lénárd Fülöp Eduárd Antal, was a Hungarian-German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. He was also an active proponent of Nazi ideology.
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Pierre Bonnard
Pierre Bonnard (3 October 1867 – 23 January 1947) was a French painter and printmaker, a founding member of Les Nabis.
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Pip Williams
Pip Williams, (born Philip Malcolm Williams, 7 October 1947, Hillingdon, Middlesex) is a record producer, arranger and guitarist, best known for producing albums for Status Quo and The Moody Blues.
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Prudence Heward
Prudence Heward (July 2, 1896 – March 19, 1947) was a Canadian painter.
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Rainer Seifert
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Ramzan Paskayev
Ramzan Paskayev () (born March 16, 1947 in Taraz, Kazakhstan) is a legendary Chechen accordionist and folk musician. He is regarded by many as the contemporary successor to late Chechen accordionist Umar Dimayev.
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Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad (Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad/کۆماری مەھاباد, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد ), officially known as Republic of Kurdistan and established in Iranian Kurdistan, was a short-lived, Kurdish government that sought Kurdish autonomy within the limits of the Iranian state. The capital was the city of Mahabad in northwestern Iran. The state itself encompassed only a small territory, including Mahabad, and the market towns of Piranshahr, Sardasht, Bukan, Naqada and Ushnaviya.
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Richard Beckinsale
Richard Arthur Beckinsale (6 July 1947 – 19 March 1979) was an English actor, best known for his roles as Lennie Godber in the popular BBC sitcom Porridge and Alan Moore in the British sitcom Rising Damp.
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Richard Hönigswald
Richard Hönigswald (18 July 1875 in Magyar-Óvár in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, (the present Mosonmagyaróvár in Hungary) – 11 June 1947 in New Haven, Connecticut) was a well-known philosopher belonging to the wider circle of Neo-Kantianism.
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Rob Reiner
Robert Norman "Rob" Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an American actor, director, producer, writer and political activist.
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Robert Schuman
Robert Schuman (; 29 June 1886 4 September 1963) was a noted Luxembourgish-born French statesman. Schuman was a Christian Democrat (M.R.P.) and an independent political thinker and activist. Twice Prime Minister of France, a reformist Minister of Finance and a Foreign Minister, he was instrumental in building post-war European and trans-Atlantic institutions and is regarded as one of the founders of the European Union, the Council of Europe and NATO.
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Roger De Vlaeminck
Cyclist
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Ronnie Landfield
Ronnie Landfield (born January 9, 1947 in The Bronx, New York) is an American abstract painter. During his early career from the mid-1960s through the 1970s his paintings were associated with Lyrical Abstraction, (related to Postminimalism, Color Field painting, and Abstract expressionism), and he was represented by the David Whitney Gallery and the Andre Emmerich Gallery. A veteran of more than sixty solo exhibitions and nearly two hundred group exhibitions, he is best known for his abstract landscape paintings.
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Ronnie Wood
Ronald David "Ronnie" Wood (born 1 June 1947) is an English rock guitarist and bassist best known as a former member of The Jeff Beck Group, Faces, and current member of The Rolling Stones. He is known for his characteristic slide guitar style, and also plays lap and pedal steel guitar.
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Rudolf Höss
:''Not to be confused with Rudolf Hess, Adolf Hitler's Deputy.
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Rula Lenska
Rula Lenska (born 30 September 1947) is a UK-born actress of Polish extraction. Best known for her work in the United Kingdom, she is remembered in the United States for a television advert that presented her as a celebrity, even though she was not widely known in the USA at the time the advert was produced.
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Russ Abbot
Russ Abbot (born Russell A. Roberts on 16 September 1947) is an English musician, comedian and actor who first came to public notice during the 1970s as the singer and drummer with British comedic showband the Black Abbots, later forging a prominent solo career as a television comedian with his own weekly show on British television.
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Ry Cooder
Ryland "Ry" Peter Cooder (born 15 March 1947) is a US guitarist, singer and composer.
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Salman Rushdie
Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (lang-ur| ; born 19 June 1947) is a British-Indian novelist and essayist. He achieved notability with his second novel, ''Midnight's Children'' (1981), which won the Booker Prize in 1981. Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent. His style is often classified as magical realism mixed with historical fiction, and a dominant theme of his work is the story of the many connections, disruptions and migrations between the Eastern and Western worlds.
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Salvatore Giuliano
Salvatore Giuliano (November 16, 1922 – July 5, 1950) was a Sicilian peasant. The subjugated social status of his class led him to become a bandit and separatist who has been mythologised during his life and after his death. He is commonly compared to the legend of Robin Hood in popular culture, due to stories pertaining to him helping the poor villagers in his area by taking from the rich.
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Samuel Schmid
Samuel Schmid (born 8 January 1947 in Rüti bei Büren, Canton of Bern) is a Swiss politician who was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2000 to 2008. He was the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (notably acting as a defense minister for Switzerland).
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Sandie Shaw
Sandie Shaw (born Sandra Ann Goodrich, 26 February 1947) is an English pop singer, who was one of the most successful British female singers of the 1960s. In 1967 she was the first UK act to win the Eurovision Song Contest. She has been described as "the barefoot pop princess of the 1960s".
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Sandy Denny
Sandy Denny (6 January 1947 – 21 April 1978), born Alexandra Elene Maclean Denny, was an English singer and songwriter who has been described by Allmusic's Richie Unterberger as "the pre-eminent British folk rock singer".
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Shigematsu Sakaibara
was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and the Japanese garrison commander on Wake Island during World War II.
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Shirin Ebadi
Shirin Ebadi ( - Ŝirin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Centre for the Defence of Human Rights in Iran. On October 10, 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first ever Iranian, and the first Muslim woman to have received the prize.
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Shobha De
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Somchai Wongsawat
Somchai Wongsawat (, born August 31, 1947) is a Thai politician, as well as former executive member of the People's Power Party (PPP) whose political rights have been disfranchised by the Constitutional Court (ConCourt) for five years.
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Sondhi Limthongkul
Sondhi Limthongkul (; , born 7 November 1947) is a Thai media mogul and leader of the right-wing People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) and later was elected for leader of the New Politics Party (NPP).
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Spencer Christian
Spencer Christian (born July 23, 1947) is an American television broadcaster, best known as the former weather forecaster for ABC's Good Morning America from 1986 to 1998. He currently is the weather forecaster for ABC-owned KGO-TV in San Francisco. Christian is also the author of several children's books.
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Stan Zemanek
Stan Zemanek (29 May, 1947 – 12 July, 2007) was an Australian radio broadcaster who presented a popular night time show on 2UE Sydney and which was networked across parts of Australia via Southern Cross.
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Stanley Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867 – 14 December 1947) was a British Conservative politician and statesman. He served three times as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; first from 1923–24 then 1924–29 and again from 1935–37 and was Leader of the Conservative Party from 1923–1937.
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Stanton T. Friedman
Stanton Terry Friedman (born July 29, 1934) is a professional Ufologist, currently residing in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. He is the original civilian investigator of the Roswell incident. He studied physics at the University of Chicago and worked as a nuclear physicist on Research and Development projects for several large companies. He is a dual citizen of the U.S. and Canada.
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Stephen Collins
Stephen Weaver Collins (born October 1, 1947) is an American actor, writer, and singer who is perhaps best known for playing the role of Eric Camden on the long running television series 7th Heaven.
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Stephen King
Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of contemporary horror, suspense, science fiction and fantasy fiction. His books have sold more than 500 million copies and have been made into many movies. He is known for novels such as Carrie, The Shining, The Stand, It, Misery, and the seven-novel series The Dark Tower, which King wrote over a period of 27 years. As of 2010, King has written and published 49 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, five non-fiction books, and nine collections of short stories including Night Shift, Skeleton Crew, and ''Everything's Eventual''. Many of his stories are set in his homestate of Maine. He has collaborated with authors Peter Straub and Stewart O'Nan. Some of his novels have been also been turned into comic books, such are The Stand, The Talisman, and The Dark Tower series.
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Stephen LaBerge
Stephen LaBerge (b. 1947) is a psychophysiologist and a leader in the scientific study of lucid dreaming. In 1967 he received his Bachelor's Degree in mathematics. He began researching lucid dreaming for his Ph.D. in Psychophysiology at Stanford University, which he received in 1980. He developed techniques to enable himself and other researchers to enter a lucid dream state at will, most notably the MILD technique (mnemonic induction of lucid dreams), which was necessary for many forms of dream experimentation. In 1987, he founded The Lucidity Institute, an organization that promotes research into lucid dreaming, as well as running courses for the general public on how to achieve a lucid dream.
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Stephen R. Donaldson
Stephen Reeder Donaldson (born May 13, 1947) is an American fantasy, science fiction and mystery novelist, most famous for his Thomas Covenant series. His work has attracted critical attention for its "imagination, vivid characterizations, and fast pace." He earned his bachelor's degree from The College of Wooster and Master's degree from Kent State University. He currently resides in New Mexico.
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Steve Bartlett
Harry Steven "Steve" Bartlett (born September 19, 1947) is the President and CEO of the Financial Services Roundtable and a former U.S. congressman and mayor of Dallas, Texas. Bartlett served on the Dallas City Council from 1977-81. He is a Republican.
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Steve Marriott
Stephen Peter Marriott (30 January 1947 - 20 April 1991), popularly known as Steve Marriott, was an English singer-songwriter, guitarist and musician.
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Steven G. Kellman
Steven G. Kellman (born November 15, 1947) is an American critic and academic, best known for his books Redemption:The Life of Henry Roth (2005) and The Translingual Imagination (2000).
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Steven W. Mahoney
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Stuart Baird
Stuart Baird (born 30 November 1947) is an Academy Award-nominated English film editor, producer, and director who is mainly associated with action films. He has edited over twenty major motion pictures.
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Sukanta Bhattacharya
Sukanta Bhattacharya () (August 15, 1926 – May 13, 1947) was one of the most honored poets of Bangla literature. He was called 'Young Nazrul' and 'Kishore Bidrohi Kobi', a reference to the great rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam for Sukanto's similar rebellious stance against the tyranny of the British Raj and the oppression by the social elites through the work of his poetry.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
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Takeshi Kitano
is a Japanese filmmaker, comedian, actor, film editor, presenter, screenwriter, author, poet, painter, and one-time video game designer who has received critical acclaim, both in his native Japan and abroad, for his highly idiosyncratic cinematic work. The famed Japanese film critic Nagaharu Yodogawa once dubbed him "the true successor" to influential filmmaker Akira Kurosawa. With the exception of his works as a film director, he is known almost exclusively by the name . Since April 2005, he has been a professor at the Graduate School of Visual Arts, Tokyo University of the Arts. Kitano owns his own talent agency and production company, Office Kitano, which launched Tokyo Filmex in 2000.
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Ted Danson
Edward Bridge “Ted” Danson III (born December 29, 1947) is an American actor best known for his role as central character Sam Malone in the sitcom Cheers, and his role as Dr. John Becker on the series Becker. He also was on Larry David's HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm, starred alongside Glenn Close in legal drama Damages and is now a regular on the HBO comedy series Bored to Death.
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Tennessee Williams
Tennessee Williams (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) born Thomas Lanier Williams, was an American playwright who received many of the top theatrical awards for his works of drama. He moved to New Orleans in 1939 and changed his name to "Tennessee", the Southeastern U.S. state, his father's birthplace.
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Terry Hoeppner
Terry Hoeppner (August 19, 1947 – June 19, 2007) was an American college football coach who served as head coach of the Indiana Hoosiers from 2005 to 2006. Shortly after announcing that he would be on medical leave for the 2007 season, he died of brain cancer.
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Teru Miyamoto
Teru Miyamoto (宮本 輝, born March 6, 1947) is a Japanese author.
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Tessa Jowell
Tessa Jane Helen Jowell (born 17 September 1947) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dulwich and West Norwood since 1992. Formerly a member of both the Blair and Brown Cabinets, she is currently the Shadow Minister for the Olympics.
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Theda Skocpol
Theda Skocpol (born May 4, 1947) is an American sociologist and political scientist at Harvard University. She served from 2005 to 2007 as Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. She is influential in sociology as an advocate of the historical-institutional and comparative approaches, and well-known in political science for her "state autonomy theory". Skocpol has written widely for both popular and academic audiences.
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Thomas R. Carper
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Thomas R. Cech
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Thor Heyerdahl
Thor Heyerdahl (October 6, 1914, Larvik, Norway – April 18, 2002, Colla Micheri, Italy) was a Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer with a scientific background in zoology and geography. Heyerdahl became notable for his Kon-Tiki expedition, in which he sailed 4,300 miles (8,000 km) by raft from South America to the Tuamotu Islands. All his legendary expeditions are shown in the Kon-Tiki Museum, Oslo.
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Thurman Munson
Thurman Lee Munson (June 7, 1947 – August 2, 1979) was an American catcher in Major League Baseball who played eleven seasons from 1969 to 1979 for the New York Yankees of the American League. A perennial All-Star, Munson is the only Yankee ever to win both the Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player Awards.
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Tim Matheson
Tim Matheson (born Timothy Lewis Matthieson; December 31, 1947) is an American actor, director and producer. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of the smooth talking Eric 'Otter' Stratton in the 1978 comedy Animal House and has had a variety of other well-known roles.
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Timothy B. Schmit
Timothy Bruce Schmit (born October 30, 1947, in Oakland, California) is an American musician and songwriter, best known for his work as bass guitar player and singer for Poco and the Eagles. Schmit has also worked for decades as a session musician and solo artist.
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Tom Clancy
Thomas Leo "Tom" Clancy Jr. (born April 12, 1947) is an American author, best known for his technically detailed espionage, military science and techno thriller storylines set during and in the aftermath of the Cold War, and several MTV videos and UFOs along with video games which he did not work on, but which bear his name for licensing and promotional purposes. His name is also a brand for similar movie scripts written by ghost writers and many series of non-fiction books on military subjects and merged biographies of key leaders. He is also part-owner and Vice Chairman of Community Activities and Public Affairs of the Baltimore Orioles, a Major League Baseball team.
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Tom Daschle
Thomas Andrew Daschle (born December 9, 1947) is a former U.S. Senator from South Dakota and former U.S. Senate Majority Leader. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
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Tom DeLay
Thomas Dale "Tom" DeLay (; born April 8, 1947 in Laredo, Texas) is a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives who represented Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1984 until 2006. He was Republican Party (GOP) House Majority Leader from 2003–2005, when his legal problems forced him to step down. In 2005, a Texas court charged DeLay with criminal violations of state campaign finance laws and money laundering. DeLay pleaded not guilty, claiming political motivation for the charges. Two former senior aides to DeLay have been convicted in the Jack Abramoff scandal, and though the lobbyist was closely associated with DeLay, the former congressman himself has not been legally implicated. In August 2010, the United States Department of Justice notified DeLay that they were closing the case file against him without bringing an indictment.
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Tom Scholz
Donald Thomas "Tom" Scholz (born 10 March 1947) is a American rock musician, songwriter, guitarist, inventor, and mechanical engineer, best known as the founder of the hard rock band Boston. He is also the inventor of the Rockman guitar amplifier. As noted by Allmusic, he is 'a notoriously "un-rock n' roll" figure who never enjoyed the limelight of being a performer' but instead concentrated almost exclusively on his music. After achieving commercial success with Boston, Scholz has spent much of his time working with charities.
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Tostao
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Trevor Joyce
Trevor Joyce (born 26 October 1947) is an Irish poet, born in Dublin.
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Tristan Bernard
Tristan Bernard (7 September 1866 – 7 December 1947) was a French playwright, novelist, journalist and lawyer.
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Vasily Balabanov
Vasile Vasilievich Balabanov (January 30, 1873, Bakhmut, Ukraine Balabanov — January 27, 1947, Vancouver, Canada) was an administrator and Provincial Governor of Imperial Russia.
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Victor Goldschmidt
Victor Moritz Goldschmidt (Zürich, January 27, 1888 – March 20, 1947 in Oslo) was a mineralogist considered (together with Vladimir Vernadsky) to be the founder of modern geochemistry and crystal chemistry, developer of the Goldschmidt Classification of elements.
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Victor Lustig
Victor Lustig (January 4, 1890 – March 11, 1947) was a con artist who undertook scams in various countries and became best known as "The man who sold the Eiffel Tower. Twice."
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Victor Sokolov
The Very Reverend Archpriest Victor Sokolov () (February 21, 1947 – March 12, 2006) was a Russian-American former dissident Soviet journalist and an Eastern Orthodox priest.
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Viktor Klima
Viktor Klima (born 4 June 1947) is an Austrian Social Democrat politician and businessman. He was chancellor of Austria from 1997 to 2000.
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Vladimir Titov
Vladimir Georgiyevich Titov (), Colonel, Russian Air Force, Ret., and former Russian cosmonaut was born January 1, 1947, in Sretensk, in the Zabaykalsky Krai region of Russia. He is married to the former Alexandra Kozlova of Ivanovo Region, Russia. They have two children.
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W. E. Lawrence
W. E. Lawrence (22 August 1896 – 28 November 1947) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in 120 films between 1912 and 1947.
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Walter Donaldson
:This article is on the American songwriter. For the snooker player, see Walter Donaldson (snooker player).
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Walter Röhrl
Walter Röhrl (born 7 March 1947 in Regensburg) is a German rally and auto racing driver, with victories for Fiat, Opel, Lancia and Audi as well as Porsche, Ford and BMW.
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Walter Selke
Walter Selke is a German professor for Theoretical Physics at the RWTH Aachen.
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Ward Churchill
Ward LeRoy Churchill (born October 2, 1947) is an American writer and political activist. He was a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder from 1990 to 2007. The primary focus of his work is on the historical treatment of political dissenters and Native Americans by the United States government. His work features controversial and provocative claims, written in a direct – often confrontational – style.
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Warren Zevon
Warren William Zevon (January 24, 1947 – September 7, 2003) was an American rock singer-songwriter and musician noted for including his strange, sardonic opinions of life in his musical lyrics, composing songs that were sometimes humorous and often had political or historical themes.
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Wayne Allwine
Wayne Anthony Allwine (February 7, 1947 – May 18, 2009) was an American voice actor, a sound effects editor and foley artist for Walt Disney Studios. He was born in Glendale, California. He was the voice of Mickey Mouse for 32 years, narrowly the longest to date, and was married to voice actress Russi Taylor.
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Wendy Padbury
Wendy Padbury (born 7 December 1947) is a British actress from Warwickshire, England. She is most famous for her involvement in various Doctor Who projects.
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Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977) was a German-American rocket scientist, engineer, space architect, and one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Germany and the United States during and after World War II. A one-time member of the Nazi party and a commissioned SS officer, von Braun would later be regarded as the preeminent rocket engineer of the 20th century in his role with the United States civilian space agency NASA.
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Will Alsop
Will (William) Allen Alsop, OBE RA (born 12 December 1947) is a British architect based in London. He is responsible for several distinctive and controversial modernist buildings, most in the United Kingdom. Alsop's buildings are usually distinguished by their use of bright colour and unusual forms. While Alsop has won praise from some critics and fans of avant-garde architecture, he has also faced criticism from fellow architects and some segments of the general public.
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William Atherton
William Atherton (born July 30, 1947) is an American film, stage and television actor.
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William C. Durant
William Crapo "Billy" Durant (December 8, 1861 – March 18, 1947) was a leading pioneer of the United States automobile industry, the founder of General Motors and Chevrolet who created the system of multi-brand holding companies with different lines of cars.
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William Hartston
William Roland Hartston (born London 12 August 1947) is an English chess player who played competitively from 1962 to 1987 with a highest Elo rating of 2515. However, he failed by the closest possible margin to achieve the results required for the formal award of the title of International Grandmaster. Hartston is probably best known as a chess author and presenter of the game on television.
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
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Willy Russell
William Russell (born 23 August 1947) is a British dramatist, lyricist, and composer. His best-known works are Educating Rita, Shirley Valentine, and Blood Brothers.
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Yukio Hatoyama
is a Japanese politician who became the Prime Minister of Japan on 16 September 2009. On 2 June 2010, Hatoyama resigned as prime minister.
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Yury Chernavsky
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Yutaka Fukumoto
Yutaka Fukumoto (福本 豊, born November 7, 1947) is a retired Japanese professional baseball player in Nippon Professional Baseball born in Osaka, Osaka.
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Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
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Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir ({{lang-ur| azaad jammu o- kashmir ; AJK) or Azad Kashmir for short (literally, "Free Kashmir"), is the southernmost political entity within the Pakistani-administered part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. It borders the present-day Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir to the east (separated from it by the Line of Control), Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa to the west, Gilgit-Baltistan to the north, and the Punjab Province of Pakistan to the south. With its capital at Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir covers an area of and has an estimated population of about four million. Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan both constitute an area known as Pakistan-administered Kashmir which is referred to in India as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
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Brussels
Brussels (, pronounced ; , pronounced ), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region (, Dutch: ), is the de facto capital city of the European Union (EU) and the largest urban area in Belgium. It comprises 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels proper, which is the constitutional capital of Belgium, the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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Calgary, Alberta
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California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
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Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Canadian Parliament
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Casablanca
Casablanca (Arabic: الدار البيضاء "ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ", original name in Amazigh: Anfa /) is a city in western Morocco, located on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Grand Casablanca region.
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Chile
Chile (, in English often pronounced //,), officially the Republic of Chile ( ), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. With Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America which do not border Brazil. The Pacific coastline of Chile is 6,435 kilometres (4000 mi). Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
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Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
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ENIAC
ENIAC (), short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, was the first general-purpose, electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
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Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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Florida
Florida () is a state of the United States. It is located in the Southeastern United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the north. Much of the state's land mass is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Caribbean to the south. Florida was admitted as the 27th U.S. state in 1845, after a three hundred year period of European colonization.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Greece
Greece (; , Elláda, ; , Hellás, ), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía, ), is a country in southeastern Europe. Situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at .
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Haifa
Haifa ( ; ) is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 265,000. Another 300,000 people (almost all of them Jewish) live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, and Nesher. Together these areas form a contiguous urban area home to nearly 600,000 residents which makes up the inner core of the Haifa metropolitan area. Haifa has a mixed population of Jews and Arabs, although Jews make up a 90% majority. The Arab population used to be predominantly Christian, while 28% of the Jewish population is from the Former Soviet Union. It is also home to the Bahá'í World Centre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Havana
Havana (, , officially Ciudad de La Habana,) is the capital city, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city is one of the 14 Cuban provinces. The city/province has 2.1 million inhabitants, the largest city in Cuba and the largest in the Caribbean region. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa, and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.
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Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Hungary
Hungary ( ), officially the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság ), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe, being part of the Finno-Ugric family.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
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Istria
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.Alan John Day, Roger East, Richard Thomas, [http://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg;=PA280&dq;=istria+croatia+slovenia+italy&hl;=cs&ei;=-B6VTO-GAcOU4Aak6MWGBA&sa;=X&oi;=book_result&ct;=result&resnum;=2&ved;=0CDQQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q;=istria%20croatia%20slovenia%20italy&f;=false A political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe], Routledge, 1sr ed. (2002), ISBN 1857430638
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Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
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Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
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Junagadh
:See Junagarh for disambiguation.
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Kashmir
Kashmir (Kashmiri: कॅशीर, کٔشِیر; Dogri: कश्मीर; Ladakhi: ཀཤམིར; Balti: کشمیر; Gojri: کشمیر; Poonchi/Chibhali: کشمیر; Shina: کشمیر; Uyghur: كەشمىر) is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range.
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
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Madagascar
Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic, French: ), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth-largest island in the world.
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Mahabad
Mahabad (, ) is a city in northwestern Iran with a population of 133,324 in 2006 census.[http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=1132961442&men;=gcis&lng;=en&gln;=xx&des;=gamelan&dat;=200&geo;=-106&srt;=pnan&col;=aohdqcfbeimg&va;=x&pt;=a] The city lies south of Lake Urmia in a narrow valley 1,300 metres above sea level, in West Azarbaijan Province.The name of 'Mahabad' (mah+abad) is the Persian translation of the ancient Mannaean name meaning place of moon, which is also a cognate with the Kurdish word mang. Mannaeans were a branch of Hurrians (Khurrites), a northern Mesopotamian people. It was referred to in the Turkic languages as 'Savoj-bolaq', or 'Sablakh', which means "Cold-spring water".
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Maury Island
Maury Island is a small island in Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington. It is connected to Vashon Island by an isthmus built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Before construction of the isthmus, the island was connected to Vashon only during low tide. The island is rural with large areas of excellent farmland, forest, and relatively undeveloped shoreline. Currently, South Maury Island environmental issues are under considerable scrutiny.
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Mumbai
Mumbai (; , ', ), previously known as Bombay' (), is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the second most populous city in the world, with a population of approximately 14 million. The official language of Mumbai is Marathi. But many other languages are also widely used, particularly the Mumbaiian Hindi''. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. As of 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South or Central Asia.
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Netherlands
{{Infobox country
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New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
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Nigeria
Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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North Yemen
North Yemen is a term currently used to designate the Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990), its predecessor, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962), and their predecessors that exercised sovereignty over the territory that is now the north-western part of the state of Yemen in southern Arabia.
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opera
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
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Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
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Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
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Puget Sound
Puget Sound () is a sound in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a complex estuarine system of interconnected marine waterways and basins, with one major and one minor connection to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Pacific Ocean—Admiralty Inlet being the major connection and Deception Pass being the minor. Flow through Deception Pass accounts for about 2% of the total tidal exchange between Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Puget Sound extends approximately from Deception Pass in the north to Olympia, Washington in the south. Its average depth is and its maximum depth, off Point Jefferson between Indianola and Kingston, is .
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Qumran
Qumran (, - Khirbet Qumran) is located on a dry plateau about a mile inland from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea in the West Bank, just next to the Israeli settlement and kibbutz of Kalia. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed during the reign of John Hyrcanus, 134-104 BCE or somewhat later, and was occupied most of the time until it was destroyed by the Romans in 68 CE or shortly after. It is best known as the settlement nearest to the hiding place of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the caves of the sheer desert cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace.
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Raroia
Raroia, or Raro-nuku, is an atoll of the Tuamotus chain in French Polynesia, located 740 km northeast of Tahiti and 6 km southwest of Takume. Administratively it is a part of the commune of Makemo.
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Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad (Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad/کۆماری مەھاباد, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد ), officially known as Republic of Kurdistan and established in Iranian Kurdistan, was a short-lived, Kurdish government that sought Kurdish autonomy within the limits of the Iranian state. The capital was the city of Mahabad in northwestern Iran. The state itself encompassed only a small territory, including Mahabad, and the market towns of Piranshahr, Sardasht, Bukan, Naqada and Ushnaviya.
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Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
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Roswell, New Mexico
Roswell is a city in and the county seat of Chaves County in the southeastern quarter of the state of New Mexico, United States. The population was 45,293 at the 2000 census. It is a center for irrigation farming, dairying, ranching, manufacturing, distribution, and petroleum production. It is also the home of New Mexico Military Institute (NMMI), founded in 1891. Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located a few miles northeast of the city on the Pecos River. Bottomless Lakes State Park is located twelve miles east of Roswell on US 380.
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Snag, Yukon
Snag is a village located on a small, dry-weather sideroad off the Alaska Highway south of Beaver Creek, Yukon, Canada. The village of Snag is located in a bowl-shaped valley of the White River and its tributaries, including Snag Creek. It was first settled during the Klondike Gold Rush. An aboriginal village was also located about away. It was the site of a military airfield, established as part of the Northwest Staging Route, which closed in 1968. In 1947, the village of Snag boasted a population of 8 to 10 natives and fur traders. An additional staff of 15-20 airport personnel — meteorologists, radio operators, aircraft maintenance men — lived at the airport barracks.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Spruce Goose
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SS Ramdas
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Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
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Texas City Disaster
The Texas City Disaster was a major 20th-century industrial accident in Texas City, Texas (United States). The incident took place on April 16, 1947 and started with a mid-morning fire on board the French-registered vessel SS Grandcamp in the Port of Texas City. The fire detonated approximately 2,300 tons of ammonium nitrate and the resulting chain reaction of fires and explosions killed at least 581 people. These events also triggered the first ever class action lawsuit against the United States government, under the then-recently enacted Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), on behalf of 8,485 victims.
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Texas City, Texas
Texas City is a city in Galveston County in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The city's population was 41,521 at the 2000 census.
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Trieste
Trieste (, ; ; ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south, east and north of the city. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste and throughout history it has been influenced by its location at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures. In 2009, it had a population of about 205,000 and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province.
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Tuamotu Islands
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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Washington (state)
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Westminster Abbey
The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, England (UK), located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) monarchs of the Commonwealth Realms. It briefly held the status of a cathedral from 1546–1556, and is a Royal Peculiar.
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Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Yukon Territory
http://wn.com/Yukon_Territory
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UFO TECHNOLOGY FROM ROSWELL 1947
One Phillip Corso claimed he reversed engineered the technology from the ufo crash in roswell. The US Government says no. Who do you believe?
http://wn.com/UFO_TECHNOLOGY_FROM_ROSWELL_1947
Don't Be a Sucker - 1947
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:25
- Published: 29 Sep 2007
- Uploaded: 01 Feb 2012
- Author: weirdovideos
In this anti-fascist film produced by US Military in the wake of WWII, the producers deconstructs the politically motivated social engineering of Germany by the Nazi regime. Its argument is just as timely and relevant today. See more at: www.weirdovideo.com
http://wn.com/Don't_Be_a_Sucker__1947
Dizzy Gillespie - "Salt Peanuts" - 1947
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Published: 04 Jun 2007
- Uploaded: 03 Feb 2012
- Author: TheGreatPerformers
Dizzy played for Lucky Millinder's band in the early '40s. It was a riff this band played, after a Dizzy solo in the tune "Little John Special", that Dizzy developed into his tune "Salt Peanuts". who are the sidemen here? Is that Max Roach on drums, TheApeLad?
http://wn.com/Dizzy_Gillespie__Salt_Peanuts__1947
Hit Parade USA 1947 - Top 10 - DanntaS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Published: 07 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
- Author: danntasbrasil
music, hit parade, 1947, usa, top, billboard, chart, list, old, oldies, best., hits, songs, classics, romantic music, big band, orchestra, sammy kaye, larry green, al jonson, three suns, vaughn monroe, tex williams, ray noble, buddy clark, ted weems, the harmonicats, francis craig,
http://wn.com/Hit_Parade_USA_1947__Top_10__DanntaS
What Is Money? (1947)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:32
- Published: 29 Apr 2007
- Uploaded: 22 Jan 2012
- Author: TheFederalistParty
Following the journey of a five-dollar bill through many transactions, the film shows how money functions as a standard of value and future payment, a storehouse of value and a convenient medium of exchange.
http://wn.com/What_Is_Money?_1947
Are You Popular? (1947)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:52
- Published: 05 Jun 2007
- Uploaded: 03 Feb 2012
- Author: shaggylocks
One of the best examples of post-World War II social guidance films, with examples of "good" and "bad" girls, proper and improper dating etiquette, courtesy to parents, and an analysis of what makes some people popular and others not. A scream and a sobering document of postwar conformity. Mind-boggling double-standard for the "bad" boy and the "bad" girl. Classic Coronet. "Caroline and her mother had found one way a girl can repay a boy for entertaining her [...] perhaps they could bring another couple home with them. That would be fun."
http://wn.com/Are_You_Popular?_1947
Palestine Pre-1947
The old lie that palestine was dry desert waiting for a people is just that--a lie. This clip for all people to see the Beauty of the Palestinian People before they were ethnically cleansed and murdered and made into refugees by the State of Israe. Music Joaquin Rodrigo, lyrics Helmut Lotti, sung by Lotti All Photos (b&w) from fai.cyberia.net.lb For Hani, My husband, Best friend & Hero
http://wn.com/Palestine_Pre-1947
Letterpress Printing Vocational Film (1947)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:41
- Published: 03 Jun 2008
- Uploaded: 06 Jan 2012
- Author: DolcePress
ILLUSTRATES THE OPPORTUNITIES & TRAINING AVAILABLE IN THE FIELD OF PRINTING. SHOWS HAND TYPESETTING, LINOTYPE, MONOTYPE, DISPLAY, MAKE-UP & LAYOUT. Vocational film about careers in the printing industry. Stock shots: giant newspaper presses letterpress: composition; presswork; bindery work; linotype operators; monotype machines; cylinder presses; handpresses; offset presses; high speed rotary presses Voiceovers: "Hand composition offers the opportunity for individual expression." "Large plants employ people, usually women who do nothing but proofread." markup man, composition man, pressmen Zero = first title 00:00 Newspapers on printing presses 00:31 Shelves of books 00:32 Hands holding open Bible 00:35 Hands examine business documents 00:42 Printing presses; montage of printers and presses 01:29 Typesetting and composition 02:56 Linotype machines 03:40 Monotype machines 04:38 Document being proofread; women proofreaders 05:28 Various printing presses in operation 07:28 Vocational students studying for printing apprenticeships 07:54 Students in classroom 08:00 Teenagers at printing presses and Linotype machines
http://wn.com/Letterpress_Printing_Vocational_Film_1947
Making books is fun! (to watch)
Back before inkjets, printing was a time-comsuming laborious process, that took teams of people working together to produce just one book. Now days, any crabby person can sit at home and crank out stuff on a blog or even make internet video. This movie will make you happy as you watch others toil for 'The Man' under primitive conditions.
http://wn.com/Making_books_is_fun!_to_watch
Dizzy Gillespie Big Band 1947 groovy man
Archive footage of Dizzy in 1947 with his big band. Great stuff! Ck out my other videos. dpizza
http://wn.com/Dizzy_Gillespie_Big_Band_1947_groovy_man
Redwood Lumber Industry, Northern California - 1947
"What Majestic Trees! - Hey, Let's cut 'em down!" Cutting, loading, transportation, mill sawing and finishing operations of the Northern California's redwood lumber industry, 1947.
http://wn.com/Redwood_Lumber_Industry,_Northern_California__1947
Printing (1947)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:41
- Published: 18 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 28 Jan 2012
- Author: CharacterControl
Printing (1947) Printing occupations, opportunities and technologies before electronics and computers changed the world. Producer: Holmes (Burton) Films, Inc. Audio/Visual: Sd, B&W Keywords: Occupations: Printing; Communication: Printing
http://wn.com/Printing_1947
The Colorado River 1947
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:35
- Published: 28 May 2008
- Uploaded: 05 Jan 2012
- Author: travelfilmarchive
An educational film about the Colorado River, Boulder Dam, and the Grand Canyon National Park in 1947.Footage from this subject is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com
http://wn.com/The_Colorado_River_1947
November 29, 1947: The Story of a Vote
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:03
- Published: 23 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
- Author: ToldotYisrael
Toldot Yisrael (www.toldotyisrael.org ) presents the story of the November 29th, 1947 UN vote for the Partition of Palestine. A vote that lasted a mere three minutes changed the course of Jewish History and brought 20 centuries of Jewish homelessness to an end. This movie is the second episode in the "Eyewitness 1948" short film series produced by Toldot Yisrael and the History Channel. It is the centerpiece of an educational pilot program developed with The iCenter and made possible through the generous support of the Jim Joseph Foundation and others.
http://wn.com/November_29,_1947_The_Story_of_a_Vote
Whispering City (1947) FULL MOVIE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:46
- Published: 02 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 03 Feb 2012
- Author: ArtFilmsAnimation
www.zazzle.co.uk Whispering City (1947) is a black-and-white film directed by Fyodor Otsep. The movie was filmed on location in Quebec City and Montmorency Falls, Québec, Canada in both English and French. A French language version La Forteresse, with different actors, was made simultaneously.
http://wn.com/Whispering_City_1947_FULL_MOVIE
Partition of 1947 India-Pakistan
Partition of 1947 India-Pakistan Delhi Video www.timesofpakistan.com
http://wn.com/Partition_of_1947_India-Pakistan
Shanghai 1947
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:35
- Published: 20 May 2008
- Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
- Author: travelfilmarchive
A tour of Shanghai, China in the 1940s. Footage from this film is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com
http://wn.com/Shanghai_1947
Charlie Parker - Embraceable You - 1947
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Published: 11 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 03 Feb 2012
- Author: carlodallara
nice video
http://wn.com/Charlie_Parker__Embraceable_You__1947
Babe Ruth Day - 1947 Newsreel
April 1947, Babe Ruth Day was celebrated throughout baseball. "The Babe" was battling throat cancer, a year later at age 53, he passed away.
http://wn.com/Babe_Ruth_Day__1947_Newsreel
Singapore (1947) - part 1
Ava Gardner and Fred MacMurray in John Brahm's noir "Singapore"
http://wn.com/Singapore_1947__part_1
Mickey and the Beanstalk Part 1 - Fun and Fancy Free Part 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Published: 29 Jul 2008
- Uploaded: 03 Feb 2012
- Author: TheFett007
Property of Walt Disney Studios. Part One of Mickey and the Beanstalk, Part Five of Fun and Fancy Free. This is NOT the version narrated by Ludwig von Drake-- this is the MOVIE version, with Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. So quit asking for the version with the duck-- it ain't here!
http://wn.com/Mickey_and_the_Beanstalk_Part_1__Fun_and_Fancy_Free_Part_5
Art Tatum : Art's Blues ( 1947 ) ( Fabulous Dorseys )
Jam Session From The 1947Film "Fabulous Dorseys" Art Tatum : Piano Tommy Dorsey : Trombone Jimmie Dorsey : Clarinet Charlie Barnet : Sax George Van Eps : Guitar Ray Bauduc : Drums Ziggy Elman : Trumpet Stuart Foster : Bass
http://wn.com/Art_Tatum__Art's_Blues__1947___Fabulous_Dorseys_
Air Transport jobs in 1947
More Super Connie and DC3-6 footage
http://wn.com/Air_Transport_jobs_in_1947
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photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
28 Feb 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling It was on February 29, 1948, that 28 British soldiers were killed as a mine exploded under the Cairo-Haifa train. Lehi, also known as the Stern Gang, a...
photo: UN / UN
25 Feb 2012
UNITED NATIONS - Locked inside U.N. headquarters is a huge but largely unknown archive documenting 10,000 cases against accused World War II criminals, from Belgian charges against Adolf Hitler to the...
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DNA, 1947
27 Feb 2012
The New York Times
Scientists had known of DNA since 1869 (although not by that name), but The New York Times did not mention it until 78 years later. “The isolation from the nuclei of living cells of a chemical believed to be the substance transmitting heredity was reported today,” an article published...(size: 7.7Kb)
New York Daily News
Weekend subway ridership last year reached the highest average level since Harry Truman was in the White House, a report released Friday revealed. The 5.4 million...(size: 1.1Kb)
Wired News
Photo: /Flickr 1947: The Land camera is demonstrated for the first time by its inventor, Edwin Land. The camera, which became better known by the name of Land’s company, Polaroid, was the first so-called . Using developer and fixer contained in sacs with the film and photographic paper in a...(size: 6.5Kb)
The Daily Mail
It was the dawn of a chilling new age when whole cities could be wiped out with one terrifyingly advanced bomb. But America’s attempt to educate its citizens on the health risks arising from the nuclear threat were a little less sophisticated. Dating back to 1947, these charming posters...(size: 5.2Kb)
The Washington Times
Sandra Alger was 6 years old when her favorite uncle, Arvel Moyers, sprang a 950-pound surprise on her. Mr. Moyers operated an Esso gasoline station in Harrisonburg, Va., during World War II and with gasoline rationing cutting into his income he dabbled in used cars on the side. One car he never...(size: 6.0Kb)
The Columbus Dispatch
As city’s leader, he won budget cuts, income-tax hike John Brennan, 64, who was re-elected mayor last fall, died yesterday of pancreatic cancer. Related Items The Daily Briefing...(size: 7.2Kb)
Castle Flashback Promo: Off to 1947!
25 Jan 2012
Dutch compensation for 1947 massacre victims sparks anger, jealousy in Indonesian village
16 Jan 2012
Star Tribune
RAWAGEDE, Indonesia - Relatives of men executed by Dutch troops in this tiny Indonesian village fought for six decades to get compensation that was supposed to heal wounds. They have the money now, but it has ripped Rawagede apart once again. Only a few of the residents — most of them widows...(size: 5.1Kb)
Gatewood Galbraith: 1947-2012
05 Jan 2012
Lexington Herald-Leader
In his autobiography, The Last Free Man in America: Meets the Synthetic Subversion, Gatewood Galbraith described his efforts to get the letters of recommendation he needed to take the bar exam. As a University of Kentucky law student Galbraith had already taken up the campaign to legalize marijuana...(size: 2.3Kb)
__NOTOC__
Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
January 1
* British coal mines are nationalized.
* Nigeria gains limited autonomy.
* The Canadian Citizenship Act comes into effect.
January 3 – Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time.
January 10 – The United Nations takes control of the free city of Trieste.
January 15 – Elizabeth Short, an aspiring actress nicknamed the "Black Dahlia", is found brutally murdered in a vacant lot in Los Angeles. The case remains unsolved to this day.
January 16 – Vincent Auriol is inaugurated as president of France.
January 19 – A shipwreck near Athens, Greece kills 392.
January 24 – Dimitrios Maximos founds a monarchist government in Athens.
January 25 – A Philippine plane crashes in Hong Kong, with $5 million worth of gold and money.
January 30–February 8 – A heavy blizzard in Canada buries towns from Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Calgary, Alberta.
January 31 – The Communists take power in Poland.
February 3
* The lowest air temperature in North America (-63 degrees Celsius) is recorded in Snag, Yukon Territory.
* Percival Prattis becomes the first African-American news correspondent allowed in the United States House of Representatives and Senate press galleries.
February 5 – Bolesław Bierut becomes the President of Poland.
February 6 – South Pacific Commission (SPC) founded.
February 8 – A dance hall fire in Berlin, Germany, kills over 80 people.
February 10 – In Paris, France, peace treaties are signed between the World War II Allies and Italy, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Finland. Italy cedes most of Istria to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
February 12
* A meteor creates an impact crater in Sikhote-Alin, in the Soviet Union.
* Christian Dior introduces The "New Look" in women's fashion, in Paris.
February 17 – Cold War: The ''Voice of America'' begins to transmit radio broadcasts into Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.
February 20
An explosion at the O'Connor Electro-Plating Company in Los Angeles, California, leaves 17 dead, 100 buildings damaged, and a crater in the ground.
* U.S. Army Ordnance Corps Hermes project V-2 rocket ''Blossom I'' launched into space carrying plant material and fruitflies, the first animals to enter space.
February 21 – In New York City, Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", his Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.
February 22 – ''Tom and Jerry'' cartoon ''Cat Fishin''', is released.
February 23 – The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is founded.
February 25 – John C. Hennessy, Jr., brings the first VW Beetle to the United States. He purchased the 1946 VW from the U.S. Army Post Exchange in Frankfurt, Germany while serving in the U.S. Army. The VW Beetle was shipped from Bremerhaven, Germany arriving in New York, U.S. on February 25, 1947. Copies of the bill of sale as well as the shipping documents and a letter from the Port of New York confirming the arrival of the VW can be found in John C. Hennessy’s book “The Bride and the Beetle.”
February 25
* The state of Prussia officially ceases to exist.
* The worst-ever train crash in Japan kills 184 people.
February 28
* The United States grants France a military base in Casablanca.
* In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down with large loss of civilian lives.
March 1
* The International Monetary Fund begins to operate.
* Wernher von Braun marries his first cousin, the 18-year-old Maria von Quirstorp.
March 4 – Treaty of Dunkirk (coming into effect 8 September) signed between the United Kingdom and France providing for mutual assistance in the event of attack.
March 6 – USS ''Newport News'', the first completely air-conditioned warship, is launched in Newport News, Virginia.
March 12 – The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.
March 14 – The River Thames overruns its banks.
March 15 – Hindus and Muslims clash in Punjab.
March 19 – The 19th Academy Awards ceremony is held. The movie ''Best Years of Our Lives'' wins the Academy Award for Best Picture, along with several other Academy Awards.
March 25 – A coal mine explosion in Centralia, Illinois, kills 111 miners.
March 28 – A World War II Japanese booby trap explodes on Corregidor island, killing 28 people.
March 29 – A rebellion against French rule erupts in Madagascar.
March 31 – The leaders of the Kurdish People's Republic of Mahabad, the second Kurdish state in the history of Iran, are hanged at the Chuwarchira Square in Mahabad after that country had been overrun by the Iranian army.
April 1
Jackie Robinson, the first African American in modern Major League Baseball, signs a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
* King George II of Greece is succeeded by his brother King Paul I.
April 4 – International Civil Aviation Organization
April 9 – Multiple tornadoes strike Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas killing 181 people and injuring 970.
April 15 – Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to play modern Major League Baseball.
April 16 – Texas City Disaster: the ammonium nitrate cargo of former Liberty ship SS ''Grandcamp'' explodes in Texas City, Texas, killing 552, injuring 3,000, causing 200 lost, and destroying 20 city blocks.
April 18 – Royal Navy detonates 6,800 tons of explosives in an attempt to demolish the fortified island of Heligoland, Germany, thus creating one of the largest man-made non-nuclear explosions in history.
April 26 – Academy-Award winning ''Tom and Jerry'' cartoon, ''The Cat Concerto'', is released to theatres.
May 1 – The Salvatore Giuliano Gang opens fire on a labor parade near Portella Della Ginestra, Sicily, killing 11 people and wounding 30.
May 2 – The movie ''Miracle on 34th Street'', a Christmastime classic, is first shown in theaters.
May 3 – The new post-war Japanese constitution goes into effect.
May 12 – The animated cartoon film ''Rabbit Transit'', directed by Friz Freleng, is released.
May 22 – The Cold War begins: In an effort to fight the spread of Communism, President Harry S. Truman signs an Act of Congress that implements the Truman Doctrine. This Act grants $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece.
May 22 – David Lean's film ''Great Expectations'', based on the novel by Charles Dickens, opens in the United States. Critics call it the finest film ever made from a Charles Dickens novel.
May 25 – An airliner of the Flugfelag Íslands crashes into a mountainside, killing 25 people.
June 5 – U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall outlines the Marshall Plan for American reconstruction and relief aid to Europe.
June 10 – SAAB produces its first automobile.
June 15 – The Portuguese government orders 11 military officers and 19 university professors who were accused of revolutionary activity to resign.
June 21
* Seaman Harold Dahl claims to have seen six UFOs near Maury Island in Puget Sound, Washington. On the next morning, Dahl reports the first modern so-called "Men in Black" encounter.
* The Canadian Parliament votes unanimously to pass several laws regarding displaced foreign refugees.
June 23 – The United States Senate follows the House of Representatives in overriding President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
June 24 – Kenneth Arnold makes the first widely-reported UFO sighting near Mount Rainier, Washington.
July 7 – A supposedly downed extraterrestrial spacecraft is reportedly found in the Roswell UFO incident, near Roswell, New Mexico, which was written about by Stanton T. Friedman.
July 10 – Princess Elizabeth announces her engagement to Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten.
July 11 – ''The Exodus'' leaves France for Palestine, with 4,500 Jewish Holocaust survivor refugees on board.
July 17 – The Indian passenger ship ''Ramdas'' is capsized by a cyclone at Mumbai, India, with 625 people killed.
July 18
* Following wide media and UNSCOP coverage, ''The Exodus'' is captured by British troops and refused entry into Palestine at the port of Haifa.
* President Harry S. Truman signs the Presidential Succession Act into law, which places the Speaker of the House and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate next in the line of succession after the United States Vice President.
July 26 – Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act of 1947 into law, creating the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Council.
July 29 – After being shut down on November 9, 1946, for a refurbishment, the ENIAC computer, the world's first electronic digital computer, is turned back on again. It then remains in continuous operation until October 2, 1955.
August 5 – The Netherlands stops all political actions in Indonesia.
August 7
* Thor Heyerdahl's balsa wood raft, the ''Kon-Tiki'', smashes into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands after a 101 day, 4,300 mile, voyage across the Eastern Pacific Ocean, proving that pre-historic peoples could hypothetically have traveled to the Central Pacific islands from South America.
* The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST).
August 14
* The Muslim majority region formed by the Partition of India gain independence from the British Empire and adopts the name Pakistan. While the transition is officially at midnight on this day, Pakistan celebrates its independence on August 14, compared with India on the 15th, because the Pakistan Standard Time is 30 minutes behind the standard time of India.
* Muhammad Ali Jinnah becomes the first Governor General of Pakistan. Liaqat Ali Khan takes office as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan
August 15
* The greater Indian subcontinent with a mixed population of Hindus, Muslims,Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, etc. formed by the Partition of India gain independence from the British Empire and retains the name India.
* Louis Mountbatten becomes the first Governor General of India. Jawaharlal Nehru takes office as the first Prime Minister of India.
August 16 – In Greece, General Markos Vafiadis takes over the government.
August 23 – The Prime Minister of Greece, Dimitrios Maximos, resigns.
August 27 – When the French government lowers the daily bread ration to 200 grams, that causes riots in Verdun and in Le Mans.
August 30 – A fire at a movie theater in Rueil, a suburb of Paris, France kills 87 people.
August 31 – The communists seize power in Hungary.
September 10 – Hasan Saka forms the new government of Turkey. (16 th government)
September 13 – Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru suggests the exchange of four million Hindus and Muslims between India and Pakistan.
September 17–September 21 – The 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane in southeastern Florida, and also in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, causes widespread damage and kills 51 people.
September 18
* National Security Act of 1947 becomes effective on this day creating the United States Air Force, National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency.
* War Department becomes the Department of the Army, a branch of the new Department of Defense.
September 22 – Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties (Communist Information Bureau) ("Cominform") is founded.
September 30 – Pakistan and Yemen join the United Nations.
October 14 – The United States Air Force test pilot, Captain Chuck Yeager, flies a Bell X-1 rocket plane faster than the speed of sound, the first time it has been accomplished
October 20 – A war begins in Kashmir, along the border between India and Pakistan, leading to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 in the following year. Also, Pakistan established diplomatic relations with the United States of America.
October 24 – The first Azad Kashmir Government is established by the rebels within Pakistan, headed by Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan as its first President supported by the government of Pakistan.
October 30 – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the foundation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), is established.
November 2
* In California, the designer and airplane pilot Howard Hughes performs the maiden flight of the ''Spruce Goose'', the largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built. (The flight lasts only eight minutes, and the "Spruce Goose" is never flown again.)
* An earthquake in the Chilean Andes kills 233 people.
November 6 – The program ''Meet the Press'' makes its television debut on the NBC-TV network in the United States.
November 9 – Junagadh is invaded by the Indian army.
November 10 – The arrest of four steel workers in Marseille begins a French communist riot that also spreads to Paris.
November 15
* International Telecommunication Union becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.
* Universal Postal Union (UPU) becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations (effective 1 July 1948).
November 16
* In Brussels, 15,000 people demonstrate against the relatively short sentences of Belgian Nazi criminals.
* Great Britain begin withdrawing its army troops from Palestine.
November 18 – The Ballantyne's Department Store fire in Christchurch, New Zealand, kills 41 people.
November 20
* The Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of King George VI, marries The Duke of Edinburgh at Westminster Abbey in London, United Kingdom.
* Paul Ramadier resigns as the Prime Minister of France. He is succeeded by Robert Schuman, who calls 80,000 army reservists to quell rioting miners in France.
November 21 – The United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment begins in Havana, Cuba. This conference ends in 1948, when its members finish the Havana Charter.
November 24 – Red Scare: The U.S. House of Representatives votes 346–17 to approve citations of Contempt of Congress against the so-called Hollywood 10, after the ten men refuse to co-operate with the House Un-American Activities Committee concerning allegations of communist influences in the movie business. (The ten men are blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios on the following day.)
November 25 – New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster, and that country thus becomes independent of legislative control by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
November 27 – In Paris, France, police occupy the editorial offices of the communist newspapers.
November 29 – The United Nations General Assembly votes to partition Palestine between Arab and Jewish regions, which results in the creation of the State of Israel.
December 3
* French communist strikers derail the Paris-Tourcoing express train because of false rumors that it was transporting soldiers. 21 people are killed.
* The Tennessee Williams play ''A Streetcar Named Desire'', starring Marlon Brando in his first great role, opens at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on Broadway. Jessica Tandy also stars as Blanche Du Bois.
December 4 – The French Interior Minister, Jules S. Moch, takes emergency measures against his country's rioters after six days of violent arguments in the National Assembly.
December 6 – Arturo Toscanini conducts a concert performance of the first half of Giuseppe Verdi's opera ''Otello'', which was based on William Shakespeare's play ''Othello'', for a broadcast on NBC Radio. The second half of the opera is broadcast a week later.
December 9 – French labor unions call off the general strike and re-commence negotiations with the French government.
December 12 – The Iranian Royal Army takes back power in the Azerbaijan province.
December 22
* The Italian Constituent Assembly votes to accept the new Constitution of Italy.
* The first practical electronic transistor is demonstrated by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley of the United States.
December 30 – King Michael of Romania abdicates.
The Doomsday Clock is set.
The House Un-American Activities Committee begins its investigations into communism in Hollywood.
Cambridge University begins to admit women as full students.
Mikhail Kalashnikov's AK-47 assault rifle is accepted as the standard small arm of the Soviet military.
Raytheon produces the first commercial microwave oven.
Women's suffrage is granted in Argentina.
In a cave in and around the Wadi Qumran (near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea), several tall pottery jars containing leather scrolls are discovered, which later become known as the Dead Sea scrolls.
By discovery of Promethium in products of nuclear fission, the last gap of the periodic table is closed.
January 1
* Frances Yip, Hong Kong singer
* Vladimir Titov, Russian cosmonaut
* Leon Patillo, American Christian musician
January 2 – Jack Hanna, American zoologist
January 4 – Chris Cutler, English percussionist
January 5 – Mercury Morris, American football player
January 6 – Sandy Denny, British singer (d. 1978)
January 7 – Shobha De, Indian writer
January 8
* David Bowie, English rock musician
* Samuel Schmid, Swiss Federal Councilor
* Terry Sylvester, English singer and musician
* Laurie Walters, American actress (''Eight Is Enough'')
January 9 – Ronnie Landfield, American artist
January 11 – Mart Smeets, Dutch sports journalist
January 14 – Bill Werbeniuk, Canadian snooker player (d. 2003)
January 16
* Laura Schlessinger, American psychologist and radio talk show host
* Apasra Hongsakula, Miss Universe 1965
January 18 – Takeshi Kitano, Japanese film director and actor
January 19 – Paula Dean, Food Channel star
January 21 – Jill Eikenberry, American actress
January 23
* Thomas R. Carper, U.S. Senator from Delaware
* Megawati Sukarnoputri, former President of Indonesia
January 24
* Michio Kaku, American theoretical physicist
* Warren Zevon, American rock musician (''Werewolves of London'') (d. 2003)
* Masashi Ozaki, Japanese golfer
January 25 – Eduardo Goncalves de Andrade, Brazilian football player
January 29 – Linda B. Buck, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
January 30 – Steve Marriott, British rock musician (''Small Faces'', ''Humble Pie'') (d. 1991)
January 31 – Nolan Ryan, American baseball player
February 1 – Jessica Savitch, American journalist (d. 1983)
February 2 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress (''Charlie's Angels'') (d. 2009)
February 3
* Melanie Safka, American rock singer
* Paul Auster, American novelist
February 4
* Dan Quayle, Vice President of the United States 1989–1993
* Dennis C. Blair, American admiral and Director of National Intelligence
February 5 – Darrell Waltrip, American race car driver and broadcaster
February 7 – Wayne Allwine, American voice actor (''Mickey Mouse'') (d. 2009)
February 10
* Louise Arbour, Canadian jurist
* Nicholas Owen, English newsreader (ITN)
February 11
* Yukio Hatoyama, Prime Minister of Japan 2009-2010
* Derek Shulman, Lead Singer of Gentle Giant
February 12 – Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, Punjabi saint, Sikh theologian, military leader (d. 1984)
February 13 – Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball coach
February 15 – John Coolidge Adams, American composer
February 18
* Princess Christina of the Netherlands
* Dennis DeYoung, American rock musician (''Styx'')
February 20
* Peter Osgood, English footballer (d. 2006)
* Peter Strauss, American actor
February 21 – Victor Sokolov, Russian dissident journalist and priest (d. 2006)
February 24 – Edward James Olmos, American actor (''Stand and Deliver'')
February 25 – Doug Yule, American rock singer and musician (''The Velvet Underground'')
February 26 – Sandie Shaw, British singer
February 27 – Gidon Kremer, Latvian violinist
February 28 – Stephanie Beacham, English actress
* David Franzoni, American screenwriter
* Jan Garbarek, Norwegian musician
* Gunnar Hansen, Icelandic actor (''The Texas Chain Saw Massacre'')
* Gwen Welles, American actress (d. 1993)
March 6
* Kiki Dee, English singer
* Dick Fosbury, American athlete
* Teru Miyamoto, Japanese author
* Rob Reiner, American actor, comedian producer and director (''All in the Family'')
March 7 – Walter Röhrl, German race car driver
March 8 – Carole Bayer Sager, American singer-songwriter
March 10
* Kim Campbell, Prime Minister of Canada
* Tom Scholz, American musician, songwriter and inventor
March 11 – David Ferguson, American music producer and activist
March 12
* Kalervo Palsa, Finnish artist
* Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts
March 13 – Beat Richner, Swiss pediatrician and cellist
March 14 – Pam Ayres, British poet
March 15 – Ry Cooder, American guitarist
March 16
* Baek Yoon-sik, South Korean actor
* Ramzan Paskayev, Chechen accordionist
March 17 – Yury Chernavsky, Russian-born composer and producer
March 19 – Glenn Close, American actress
March 20 – John Boswell, American historian (d. 1994)
March 22 – James Patterson, American author
March 24
* Louise Lanctôt, Canadian terrorist and writer
* Alan Sugar, English entrepreneur
March 25 – Elton John, English rock singer, pianist and songwriter
March 27 – Walt Mossberg, American newspaper columnist
April 1 – Alain Connes, French mathematician
April 2
* Emmylou Harris, American singer-songwriter
* Camille Paglia, American literary critic
April 4 – Eliseo Soriano, Philippine preacher
April 5 – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, incumbent Philippine president and daughter of former president Diosdado Macapagal
April 6 – John Ratzenberger, American actor (''Cheers'')
April 8 – Tom DeLay, American politician
April 12
* Tom Clancy, American author
* David Letterman, American talk show host
April 15
* Lois Chiles, American actress (''Moonraker'')
* Mike Chapman, Australian-born record producer and songwriter
April 16
* Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, African-American basketball player
* Gerry Rafferty, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2011)
April 17 – Jerzy Stuhr, Polish actor and director
April 18
* Kathy Acker, American author (d. 1997)
* James Woods, American actor
April 19 – Murray Perahia, American pianist
April 20 – Hector, Finnish rock musician
April 21 – Iggy Pop, American rock musician
April 25 – Johan Cruijff, Dutch footballer and coach
April 28 – Ken St. Andre, American game designer and author
April 29
* Tommy James, American rock singer and producer (''Mony Mony'')
April 30 – Leslie Grantham, English actor
May 4 – Theda Skocpol, American sociologist
May 6 – Martha Nussbaum, American philosopher
May 8 – H. Robert Horvitz, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
May 11 – Walter Selke, German physicist
May 12 – Michael Ignatieff, Canadian politician, philosopher and historian
May 13 – Stephen R. Donaldson, American novelist
May 19 – Paul Brady, Northern Irish singer/songwriter
May 24 – Maude Barlow, Canadian author, activist and National Chairperson of The Council of Canadians
May 26 – Glenn Turner, New Zealand cricket captain
May 27
* Branko Oblak, Slovenian football player and coach
* Peter DeFazio, American politician
May 29 – Stan Zemanek, Australian radio broadcaster (d. 2007)
June 1
* Ronnie Wood, English rock musician (''The Faces'', ''The Rolling Stones'')
* Jonathan Pryce, Welsh actor
June 4 – Viktor Klima, Chancellor of Austria
June 6
* David Blunkett, British politician
* Ada Kok, Dutch swimmer
* Robert Englund, American actor (''A Nightmare on Elm Street'')
June 7 – Thurman Munson, American baseball catcher (d. 1979)
June 8 – Eric F. Wieschaus, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
June 14 – Barry Melton, American rock musician (''Country Joe and the Fish'')
June 15 – John Hoagland, American war photographer (d. 1984)
June 16 – -minu, Swiss columnist and writer
June 19
* Paula Koivuniemi, Finnish singer
* Salman Rushdie, Indian-born British author (''The Satanic Verses'')
June 20 – Candy Clark, American actress
June 21
* Shirin Ebadi, Iranian activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
* Meredith Baxter, American actress (''Family Ties'')
* Michael Gross, American actor (''Family Ties'')
June 22
* Octavia E. Butler, American author (d. 2006)
* David Lander, American actor and baseball scout (''Laverne and Shirley'')
* Pete Maravich, American basketball player (d. 1988)
* Jerry John Rawlings, former President of Ghana
June 25 – Jimmie Walker, American actor (''Good Times'')
June 28 – Mark Helprin, American writer
June 29 – David Chiang, Hong Kong actor
July 2 – Larry David, American actor, writer, producer and director
July 3
* Dave Barry, American writer
* Betty Buckley, American actress and singer
July 6 – Larnelle Harris, American Christian musician
July 7
* Felix Standaert, Belgian diplomat
* Richard Beckinsale, English actor (d. 1979)
July 8 – Bobby Sowell, American pianist and composer
July 9
* Haruomi Hosono, Japanese musician (''Yellow Magic Orchestra'')
* Mitch Mitchell, English rock drummer (''The Jimi Hendrix Experience'') (d. 2008)
* O. J. Simpson, American football player and actor (''The Naked Gun'')
July 10 – Arlo Guthrie, American folk singer (''The City of New Orleans'')
July 17 – Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
July 18 – Steven W. Mahoney, Canadian politician
July 19
* Bernie Leadon, American musician and songwriter (''Eagles'')
* Brian May, English rock guitarist (''Queen'')
July 20
* Gerd Binnig, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
* Carlos Santana, Mexican-born rock guitarist
July 21 – Co Adriaanse, Dutch football manager
July 22
* Albert Brooks, American actor, comedian and director
* Don Henley, American singer-songwriter and musician (''Eagles'')
July 23
* Larry Manetti, American actor (''Magnum, P.I.'')
* Spencer Christian, American television weather reporter
July 24 – Peter Serkin, American pianist
July 27 – Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese businessman (d. 2008)
July 30
* William Atherton, American actor
* Al Dubois, Canadian television personality and game show host (''Bumper Stumpers'')
* Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born American actor, bodybuilder, and 38th Governor of California
July 31
* Richard Griffiths, English actor
* Joe Wilson, American Republican U.S. House of Representative for South Carolina's 2nd congressional district
August 3 – Colleen Corby, American fashion model
August 6 – Mohammad Najibullah, former President of Afghanistan (d. 1996)
August 7 – Franciscus Henri, Dutch-born Australian children's entertainer, composer and artist
August 8 – Terangi Adam, Nauruan politician
August 9 – John Varley, American science-fiction author
August 10
* Ian Anderson, British rock musician (''Jethro Tull'')
* Anwar Ibrahim, Malaysian politician
August 12 – William Hartston, British chess player
August 14 – Maddy Prior, English folk singer
August 15 – Raakhee Gulzar, Indian actress
August 16 – Marc Messier, Canadian actor
August 19
* Gerard Schwarz, American conductor
* Terry Hoeppner, American football coach (d. 2007)
August 23 – Willy Russell, British playwright
August 24 – Roger De Vlaeminck, Belgian cyclist
August 26 – Emiliano Díez, Cuban actor
August 27 – Barbara Bach, American actress (''The Spy Who Loved Me'')
August 28 – Liza Wang, Hong Kong actress
August 29 – Temple Grandin, American animal welfare and autism expert
August 30 – Allan Rock, Canadian politician and diplomat
August 31
* Ramon Castellano de Torres, Spanish painter
* Somchai Wongsawat, Thai 26th Prime Minister
September 1 – Al Green, American politician
September 3 – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway
September 5 – Kiyoshi Takayama, Japanese yakuza boss
September 6
* Bruce Rioch, Scottish footballer and coach
* Jane Curtin, American actress and comedienne
September 9 – Freddy Weller, American singer-songwriter, guitarist for the band Paul Revere & The Raiders.
September 14 – Sam Neill, New Zealand actor (''A Cry in the Dark'')
September 16 – Russ Abbot, British comedian and actor
September 17 – Tessa Jowell, British politician
September 19 – Steve Bartlett, U.S. Congressman and Mayor of Dallas, Texas
September 21
* Don Felder, American musician and songwriter (''Eagles'')
* Stephen King, American horror author
September 22 – Norma McCorvey, American abortion plaintiff (''Roe v. Wade'')
September 25 – Ali Parvin, Iranian footballer and coach
September 26 – Lynn Anderson, American country singer
September 27
* Dick Advocaat, Dutch football manager
* Meat Loaf (''Marvin Lee Aday''), American rock singer and actor
September 30
* Marc Bolan, English rock musician (''T. Rex'') (d. 1977)
* Rula Lenska, English actress
October 1
* Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* Stephen Collins, American actor (''7th Heaven'')
October 2 – Ward Churchill, American author and activist
October 4 – Ann Widdecombe, British politician
October 5 – Brian Johnson, English rock singer (''AC/DC'')
October 6 – Gail Farrell, American singer
October 7 – Pip Williams, British record producer
October 9 – France Gall, French singer
October 10 – Larry Lamb, British Actor
October 13 – Sammy Hagar, American rock singer
October 14 – Lukas Resetarits, Austrian singer and actor
October 16 – Bob Weir, American rock guitarist (''Grateful Dead'')
October 17
* Gene Green, American politician
* Michael McKean, American actor and comedian (''Laverne and Shirley'')
October 18 – James H. Fallon, American neuroscientist
October 19 – Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comics artist and illustrator
October 22 – Ed Welch, English television composer
October 24 – Kevin Kline, American actor
October 25 – Glenn Tipton, English rock guitarist (''Judas Priest'')
October 26
* Hillary Rodham Clinton, First Lady of the United States Former Senator from New York and current U.S. Secretary of State
* Trevor Joyce, Irish poet
* Jaclyn Smith, American actress (''Charlie's Angels'')
October 29 – Richard Dreyfuss, American actor (''Mr. Holland's Opus'')
October 30 – Timothy B. Schmit, American musician (''Eagles'')
October 31 – Herman Van Rompuy, Belgian politician
November 6
* E. Lee Spence, pioneer underwater archaeologist and treasure hunter
* Jim Rosenthal, ITV sport presenter
November 7
* Yutaka Fukumoto, Japanese professional baseball player
* Sondhi Limthongkul, Thai journalist, writer and founder of Manager Daily, also leader of PAD
November 8
* Minnie Riperton, American R&B; singer (Lovin' You) (d. 1979)
* Cassandra B. Whyte, American educator and higher education administrator
November 9 – Phil Driscoll, American Christian musician and trumpet player
November 10 – Glen Buxton, American rock guitarist (''Alice Cooper'') (d. 1997)
November 13 – Joe Mantegna, American actor
November 14 – P. J. O'Rourke, American journalist and satirist
November 15 – Steven G. Kellman, American author and critic
November 17 – Inky Mark, Canadian politician
November 19
* Bob Boone, American baseball player and manager
* Anfinn Kallsberg, former Faroese Prime Minister
* Lamar S. Smith, American politician
November 20 – Joe Walsh, American rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist (''Eagles'')
November 21 – Chua Ek Kay, Singaporean painter (d. 2008)
November 23 – Alphons Orie, Dutch criminal lawyer and judge
November 24
* Mike Gorman, American sports announcer (Boston Celtics)
* Dwight Schultz, American actor (''The A-Team'')
November 25 – John Larroquette, American actor (''Night Court'')
November 27 – Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti
November 29 – Mirza Khazar, an eminent Azerbaijani author, political analyst, legendary anchorman, translator of the Bible into Azerbaijani language.
November 30
* Véronique Le Flaguais, Canadian actress
* Sergio Badilla Castillo, Chilean poet
* David Mamet, American playwright
* Stuart Baird, English film editor, producer and director
* Jude Ciccolella, American actor
December 1 – Bob Fulton, English-born Australian rugby league player
December 2 – Isaac Bitton, French rock band drummer (''Les Variations'')
December 7 – Wendy Padbury, British actress
December 8
* Thomas R. Cech, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
* Gérard Blanc, French singer
December 9 – Tom Daschle, U.S. Senator
December 10 – Rainer Seifert, German field hockey player
December 12 – Will Alsop, English architect
December 14
* Christopher Parkening, American guitarist
* Dilma Rousseff, 36th President of Brazil
December 16
* Ben Cross, English actor
* Vincent Matthews, American athlete
December 18 – Leonid Yuzefovich, Russian crime fiction writer
December 21
* Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist
* Bryan Hamilton, Irish footballer and football manager
December 22 – Mitsuo Tsukahara, Japanese gymnast
December 26 – Carlton Fisk, American baseball player
December 28 – Aurelio Rodríguez, Mexican Major League Baseball player (d. 2000)
December 29 – Ted Danson, American actor (''Cheers'')
December 30 – Jeff Lynne, British musician (''Electric Light Orchestra'')
December 31
* Burton Cummings, Canadian rock musician (''The Guess Who'')
* Tim Matheson, American actor, film director and producer (''Animal House'')
Peter Irniq, Commissioner of Nunavut
Stephen LaBerge, Lucid dream researcher
Jamie Donnelly, an American film and stage actress
January 3 – Al Herpin (''The Man Who Never Slept''), notable insomniac (b. 1853)
January 9 – Herman Bing, German actor (b. 1889)
January 15 – Elizabeth Short (''The Black Dahlia''), famous murder victim (b. 1924)
January 20
* Andrew Volstead, American politician (b. 1860)
* Josh Gibson, African-American baseball player (b. 1911)
January 23 – Pierre Bonnard, French painter (b. 1867)
January 25 – Al Capone, American gangster (b. 1899)
January 26
* Grace Moore, American opera singer (b. 1898)
* Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, Swedish prince (b. 1906)
January 27 – Vasily Balabanov, administrator and Provincial Governor of Imperial Russia (b.1873)
February 6 – O. Max Gardner, Governor of North Carolina
February 11 – Martin Klein, Estonian wrestler (b.1884)
February 12
* Kurt Lewin, German-American psychologist (b. 1890)
* Sidney Toler, American actor (''Charlie Chan'') (b. 1874)
February 27 – Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1868)
March 5 – Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (b. 1883)
March 11 – Victor Lustig, Austrian-born con artist (b. 1890)
March 12 – Walter Samuel Goodland, Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1862)
March 18 – William C. Durant, American automobile pioneer (b. 1861)
March 19 – Prudence Heward, Canadian painter (b. 1896)
March 20 – Victor Goldschmidt, Swiss geochemist (b. 1888)
March 21 – Homer Lusk Collyer, American hermit brother (''Collyer brothers'') (b. 1881)
March 23 – Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany (b. 1870)
March 25 – Chen Cheng-po, Taiwanese painter (b. 1895)
March 28 – Karol Świerczewski, Polish military leader (b. 1897)
March 30 – Arthur Machen, Welsh-born author (b. 1863)
April 1 – King George II of Greece (b. 1890)
April 7 – Henry Ford, American automobile manufacturer (b. 1863)
April 8 – Langley Collyer, American hermit brother (''Collyer brothers'') (b. 1885)
April 10 – John Ince, American actor (b. 1878)
April 16 – Rudolf Höss, German commandant of Auschwitz (b. 1900)
April 20 – King Christian X of Denmark (b. 1870)
April 24 – Willa Siebert Cather, American novelist (b. 1873)
May 8 – Harry Gordon Selfridge, American department store magnate (b. 1858)
May 13 – Sukanta Bhattacharya, Bengali poet (b. 1926)
May 16 – Frederick Hopkins, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1861)
May 17 – George William Forbes, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1869)
May 18 – Lucile Gleason, American actress (b. 1888)
May 20 – Philipp Lenard, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
May 24 – C. F. Ramuz, Swiss writer (b. 1878)
May 28 – August Eigruber, Nazi war criminal (executed) (b. 1907)
May 29 – Martin Gottfried Weiss, Nazi war criminal (executed) (b. 1905)
May 30 – Georg Ludwig von Trapp, Austrian sailor, patriarch of the Von Trapp Family of ''The Sound of Music'' fame (b. 1880)
May 31 – Adrienne Ames, American actress (b. 1907)
June 6 – Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz, former President of Poland (b. 1885)
June 9 – J. Warren Kerrigan, American actor (b. 1879)
June 11 – Richard Hönigswald, Hungarian-born American philosopher (b. 1875)
June 17 – Maxwell Perkins, American literary editor (b. 1884)
June 18 – Shigematsu Sakaibara, Japanese rear admiral and convicted war criminal (executed) (b. 1898)
June 19 – Kōsō Abe, Japanese admiral (b. 1892)
June 20 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (b. 1906)
June 22 – Jim Tully, vagabond, pugilist, noted American writer (b. 1891)
June 26 – Richard Bedford Bennett, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1870)
July 12 – Jimmie Lunceford, American jazz musician (b. 1902)
July 15 – Brandon Hurst, Anglo American stage and screen veteran (b. 1866)
July 15 – Walter Donaldson, American songwriter (b. 1893)
July 17 – Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat and humanitarian (presumed dead on this date) (b. 1912)
July 19 – Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
July 27 – Ivan Regen, Slovenian biologist (b. 1868)
July 30 – Joseph Cook, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
August 8 – Anton Ivanovich Denikin, Russian military leader (b. 1872)
September 1 – Frederick Russell Burnham, American Scout, father of the international Scouting movement (b. 1861)
September 9 – Ananda Coomaraswamy, philosopher (b. 1877)
September 20 – Fiorello H. La Guardia, Mayor of New York (b. 1882)
September 21 – Harry Carey, American actor (b. 1878)
September 26 – Hugh Lofting, British writer (b. 1886)
October 1 – Olive Borden, American actress (b. 1906)
October 4 – Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858)
October 6 – Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer (b. 1887)
October 17 – John Halliday, American actor (b. 1880)
October 24 – Dudley Digges, Irish actor (b. 1879)
October 28 – Earl Snell, Governor of Oregon (plane crash) (b. 1895)
October 29 – Frances Cleveland, wife of President Grover Cleveland (b. 1864)
November 25 – Léon-Paul Fargue, French writer (b. 1876)
November 28
* W. E. Lawrence, American silent film actor (b. 1896)
* Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, French general (b. 1902)
November 30 – Ernst Lubitsch, German film director (b. 1892)
December 1
* Aleister Crowley, British occultist (b. 1875)
* G. H. Hardy, British mathematician (b. 1877)
December 7
* Nicholas M. Butler, American president of Columbia University, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1862)
* Tristan Bernard, French writer and lawyer (b. 1866)
December 14
* Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)
* Edward Higgins, General of The Salvation Army (b. 1864)
December 17 – J. N. Brønsted, Danish chemist (b. 1879)
December 25 – Gaspar G. Bacon, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1886)
December 27 – Johannes Winkler, German rocket pioneer (b. 1897)
December 28 – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (b. 1869)
Physics – Edward Victor Appleton
Chemistry – Sir Robert Robinson
Medicine – Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay
Literature – André Gide
Peace – The Friends Service Council (UK) and The American Friends Service Committee (USA), on behalf of the Religious Society of Friends
Pathe newsreel, 1947. Experimental snowplough. Pathe says 'Grantham' but the station name 'Dowlais top' in Wales can be clearly seen
Personal testimony of railway distruption in the winter of 1947
Gallery of UK winter photographs
Personal testimony of the winter of 1947
Stories from the winter of 1947
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Events
January and February 1947 are remembered for the worst snowfalls in the UK in the 20th century, with extensive disruption of travel. Given the low car ownership this is mainly remembered in terms of the effects on the railway networks.
January
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Births
January–February
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May–June
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September–October
November–December
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
July–December
Nobel Prizes
References
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Background | non_vocal_instrumentalist |
|---|---|
| Birth name | John Birks Gillespie |
| Born | October 21, 1917Cheraw, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | January 06, 1993Englewood, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Instrument | Trumpet, piano, trombone |
| Genre | BebopAfro-Cuban jazz |
| Occupation | Trumpeter, bandleader, singer, composer |
| Years active | 1935–1993 |
| Associated acts | Charlie ParkerCab CallowayBud Powell |
| Label | Pablo Records, Verve Records, Savoy Records, RCA Victor Records, Milan Records, Douglas Records }} |
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer dubbed "the sound of surprise".
Together with Charlie Parker, he was a major figure in the development of bebop and modern jazz. He taught and influenced many other musicians, including trumpeters Miles Davis, Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, Arturo Sandoval, Lee Morgan, Jon Faddis and Chuck Mangione.
Allmusic's Scott Yanow wrote that "Dizzy Gillespie's contributions to jazz were huge. One of the greatest jazz trumpeters of all time (some would say the best), Gillespie was such a complex player that his contemporaries ended up copying Miles Davis and Fats Navarro instead, and it was not until Jon Faddis's emergence in the 1970s that Dizzy's style was successfully recreated . . . Arguably Gillespie is remembered, by both critics and fans alike, as one of the greatest jazz trumpeters of all time."
In addition to featuring in the epochal moments in bebop, he was instrumental in founding Afro-Cuban jazz, the modern jazz version of what early-jazz pioneer Jelly Roll Morton referred to as the "Spanish Tinge". Gillespie was a trumpet virtuoso and gifted improviser, building on the virtuoso style of Roy Eldridge but adding layers of harmonic complexity previously unknown in jazz. Dizzy's beret and horn-rimmed spectacles, his scat singing, his bent horn, pouched cheeks and his light-hearted personality were essential in popularizing bebop.
Biography
Early life and career
He was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children born to James and Lottie Gillespie. James was a local bandleader, so instruments were made available to Dizzy. He started to play the piano at the age of four. Dizzy's father died when the boy was only ten years old. Dizzy taught himself how to play the trombone as well as the trumpet by the age of twelve. From the night he heard his idol, Roy Eldridge, play on the radio, he dreamed of becoming a jazz musician. He received a music scholarship to the Laurinburg Institute in Laurinburg, North Carolina He attended for two years before accompanying his family when they moved to Philadelphia.Dizzy's first professional job was with the Frank Fairfax Orchestra in 1935, after which he joined the respective orchestras of Edgar Hayes and Teddy Hill, essentially replacing Roy Eldridge as first trumpet in 1937. Teddy Hill’s band was where Dizzy Gillespie made his first recording, ''King Porter Stomp''. At this time Dizzy met a young woman named Lorraine from the Apollo Theatre, whom he married in 1940. They remained married until his death in 1993. Dizzy stayed with Teddy Hill’s band for a year, then left and free-lanced with numerous other bands. In 1939, Dizzy joined Cab Calloway's orchestra, with which he recorded one of his earliest compositions, the instrumental ''Pickin' the Cabbage'', in 1940. (Originally released on ''Paradiddle'', a 78rpm backed with a co-composition with Cozy Cole, Calloway's drummer at the time, on the Vocalion label, #5467).
Dizzy was fired by Calloway in late 1941, after a notorious altercation between the two. The incident is recounted by Dizzy, along with fellow Calloway band members Milt Hinton and Jonah Jones, in Jean Bach's 1997 film, The Spitball Story. Calloway did not approve of Dizzy's mischievous humor, nor of his adventuresome approach to soloing; according to Jones, Calloway referred to it as “Chinese music.” During one performance, Calloway saw a spitball land on the stage, and accused Dizzy of having thrown it. Dizzy denied it, and the ensuing argument led to Calloway striking Dizzy, who then pulled out a switchblade knife and charged Calloway. The two were separated by other band members, during which scuffle Calloway was cut on the hand.
During his time in Calloway's band, Dizzy Gillespie started writing big band music for bandleaders like Woody Herman and Jimmy Dorsey. He then freelanced with a few bands - most notably Ella Fitzgerald's orchestra, composed of members of the late Chick Webb's band, in 1942.
In 1943, Dizzy joined the Earl Hines orchestra. The legendary big band of Billy Eckstine gave his unusual harmonies a better setting and it was as a member of Eckstine's band that he was reunited with Parker, a fellow member of Hines's more conventional band. In 1945, Dizzy left Eckstine's band because he wanted to play with a small combo. A "small combo" typically comprised no more than five musicians, playing the trumpet, saxophone, piano, bass and drums.He was a world renowned figure and was a major influence on modern day jazz.
The rise of bebop
Bebop was known as the first modern jazz style. However, it was unpopular in the beginning and was not viewed as positively as swing music was. Bebop was seen as an outgrowth of swing, not a revolution. Swing introduced a diversity of new musicians in the bebop era like Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, Kenny Clarke, Oscar Pettiford, and Gillespie. Through these musicians, a new vocabulary of musical phrases was created. With Charlie Parker, Gillespie jammed at famous jazz clubs like Minton's Playhouse and Monroe's Uptown House, where the first seeds of bebop were planted. Charlie Parker's system also held methods of adding chords to existing chord progressions and implying additional chords within the improvised lines.Gillespie compositions like "Groovin' High", "Woody n' You" and "Salt Peanuts" sounded radically different, harmonically and rhythmically, from the swing music popular at the time. "A Night in Tunisia", written in 1942, while Gillespie was playing with Earl Hines' band, is noted for having a feature that is common in today's music, a non-walking bass line. The song also displays Afro-Cuban rhythms. One of their first (and greatest) small-group performances together was only issued in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945. Gillespie taught many of the young musicians on 52nd Street, including Miles Davis and Max Roach about the new style of jazz. After a lengthy gig at Billy Berg's club in Los Angeles, which left most of the audience ambivalent or hostile towards the new music, the band broke up. Unlike Parker, who was content to play in small groups and be an occasional featured soloist in big bands, Gillespie aimed to lead a big band himself; his first, unsuccessful, attempt to do this was in 1945.
After his work with Parker, Gillespie led other small combos (including ones with Milt Jackson, John Coltrane, Lalo Schifrin, Ray Brown, Kenny Clarke, James Moody, J.J. Johnson, and Yusef Lateef) and finally put together his first successful big band. Dizzy Gillespie and his band tried to popularize bop and make Dizzy Gillespie a symbol of the new music. He also appeared frequently as a soloist with Norman Granz's Jazz at the Philharmonic. He also headlined the 1946 independently-produced musical revue film ''Jivin' in Be-Bop''.
In 1948 Dizzy was involved in a traffic accident when the bicycle he was riding was bumped by an automobile. He was slightly injured, and found that he could no longer hit the B-flat above high C. He won the case, but the jury awarded him only $1000, in view of his high earnings up to that point.
In 1956 he organized a band to go on a State Department tour of the Middle East and earned the nickname "the Ambassador of Jazz". During this time, he also continued to lead a big band that performed throughout the United States and featured musicians including Pee Wee Moore and others. This band recorded a live album at the 1957 Newport jazz festival that featured Mary Lou Williams as a guest artist on piano.
Afro-Cuban music
In the late 1940s, Gillespie was also involved in the movement called Afro-Cuban music, bringing Afro-Latin American music and elements to greater prominence in jazz and even pop music, particularly salsa. Afro-Cuban jazz is based on traditional Afro-Cuban rhythms. Dizzy Gillespie was introduced to Chano Pozo in 1947 by Mario Bauza, a Latin jazz trumpet player. Chano Pozo became Gillespie's conga drummer for his band. Dizzy Gilespie also worked with Mario Bauza in New York jazz clubs on 52nd street and several famous dance clubs such as Palladium and the Apollo Theater in Harlem. They played together in the Chick Webb band and Cab Calloway's band, where Gillespie and Bauza became life-long friends. Dizzy helped develop and mature the Afro-Cuban jazz style.Afro-Cuban jazz was considered bebop-oriented, and some musicians classified it as a modern style. Afro-Cuban jazz was successful because it never decreased in popularity and it always attracted people to dance to its unique rhythms. Gillespie's most famous contributions to Afro-Cuban music are the compositions "Manteca" and "Tin Tin Deo" (both co-written with Chano Pozo); he was responsible for commissioning George Russell's "Cubano Be, Cubano Bop", which featured the great but ill-fated Cuban conga player, Chano Pozo. In 1977, Gillespie discovered Arturo Sandoval while researching music during a tour of Cuba.
Later years
His biographer Alyn Shipton quotes Don Waterhouse approvingly that Dizzy in the fifties "had begun to mellow into an amalgam of his entire jazz experience to form the basis of new classicism". Another opinion is that, unlike his contemporary Miles Davis, Gillespie essentially remained true to the bebop style for the rest of his career.In 1960, he was inducted into the ''Down Beat'' magazine's Jazz Hall of Fame.
During the 1964 United States presidential campaign the artist, with tongue in cheek, put himself forward as an independent write-in candidate. He promised that if he were elected, the White House would be renamed "The Blues House," and a cabinet composed of Duke Ellington (Secretary of State), Miles Davis, (Director of the CIA), Max Roach (Secretary of Defense), Charles Mingus (Secretary of Peace), Ray Charles (Librarian of Congress), Louis Armstrong (Secretary of Agriculture), Mary Lou Williams (Ambassador to the Vatican), Thelonious Monk (Travelling Ambassador) and Malcolm X (Attorney General). He said his running mate would be Phyllis Diller. Campaign buttons had been manufactured years ago by Gillespie's booking agency "for publicity, as a gag", but now proceeds from them went to benefit the Congress of Racial Equality, Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr.; in later years they became a collector's item. In 1971 Gillespie announced he would run again but withdrew before the election for reasons connected to the Baha'i faith.
Gillespie published his autobiography, ''To Be or Not to Bop'', in 1979.
Gillespie was a vocal fixture in many of John Hubley and Faith Hubley's animated films, such as ''The Hole'', ''The Hat'', and ''Voyage to Next''.
In the 1980s, Dizzy Gillespie led the United Nation Orchestra. For three years Flora Purim toured with the Orchestra and she credits Gillespie with evolving her understanding of jazz after being in the field for over two decades. David Sánchez also toured with the group and was also greatly influenced by Gillespie. Both artists later were nominated for Grammy awards. Gillespie also had a guest appearance on ''The Cosby Show'' as well as ''Sesame Street'' and ''The Muppet Show''.
In 1982, Dizzy Gillespie had a cameo appearance on Stevie Wonder's hit "Do I Do". Gillespie's tone gradually faded in the last years in life, and his performances often focused more on his proteges such as Arturo Sandoval and Jon Faddis; his good-humoured comedic routines became more and more a part of his live act.
In 1988, Gillespie had worked with Canadian flautist and saxophonist Moe Koffman on their prestigious album ''Oo Pop a Da.'' He did fast scat vocals on the title track and a couple of the other tracks were played only on trumpet.
In 1989 Gillespie gave 300 performances in 27 countries, appeared in 100 U.S. cities in 31 states and the District of Columbia, headlined three television specials, performed with two symphonies, and recorded four albums. He was also crowned a traditional chief in Nigeria, received the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres; France's most prestigious cultural award. He was named Regent Professor by the University of California, and received his fourteenth honorary doctoral degree, this one from the Berklee College of Music. In addition, he was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award the same year. The next year, at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts ceremonies celebrating the centennial of American jazz, Gillespie received the Kennedy Center Honors Award and the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers ''Duke Ellington Award'' for 50 years of achievement as a composer, performer, and bandleader. In 1993 he received the Polar Music Prize in Sweden.
November 26, 1992 at Carnegie Hall in New York, following the Second Bahá'í World Congress was Dizzy's 75th birthday concert and his offering to the celebration of the centenary of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh. Gillespie was to appear at Carnegie Hall for the 33rd time. The line-up included: Jon Faddis, Marvin "Doc" Holladay, James Moody, Paquito D'Rivera, and the Mike Longo Trio with Ben Brown on bass and Mickey Roker on drums. But Gillespie didn't make it because he was in bed suffering from cancer of the pancreas. "But the musicians played their real hearts out for him, no doubt suspecting that he would not play again. Each musician gave tribute to their friend, this great soul and innovator in the world of jazz."
Gillespie also starred in a film called ''The Winter in Lisbon'' released in 2004. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7057 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood section of the City of Los Angeles. He is honored by the December 31, 2006 - A Jazz New Year's Eve: Freddy Cole & the Dizzy Gillespie All-Star Big Band at The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
Death and legacy
A longtime resident of Englewood, NJ, he died of pancreatic cancer January 6, 1993, aged 75, and was buried in the Flushing Cemetery, Queens, New York. Mike Longo delivered a eulogy at his funeral. He was also with Gillespie on the night he died, along with Jon Faddis and a select few others.At the time of his death, Dizzy Gillespie was survived by his widow, Lorraine Willis Gillespie; a daughter, jazz singer Jeanie Bryson; and a grandson, Radji Birks Bryson-Barrett. Gillespie had two funerals. One was a Bahá'í funeral at his request, at which his closest friends and colleagues attended. The second was at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York open to the public.
Dizzy Gillespie, a Bahá'í since 1970, was one of the most famous adherents of the Bahá'í Faith which helped him make sense of his position in a succession of trumpeters as well as turning his life from knife-carrying roughneck to global citizen, and from alcohol to ''soul force'', in the words of author Nat Hentoff, who knew Gillespie for forty years. He spoke about the Baha'i Faith frequently on his trips abroad. He is often called the ''Bahá'í Jazz Ambassador''. He is honored with weekly jazz sessions at the New York Bahá'í Center.
Style
Gillespie has been described as the "Sound of Surprise". ''The Rough Guide to Jazz'' describes his musical style:
In Dizzy's obituary, Peter Watrous describes his performance style:
Wynton Marsalis summed up Gillespie as a player and teacher:
"Bent" trumpet
Gillespie's trademark trumpet featured a bell which bent upward at a 45-degree angle rather than pointing straight ahead as in the conventional design. In honor of this trademark, the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History has collected Gillespie's B-flat trumpet. According to Gillespie's autobiography, this was originally the result of accidental damage caused by someone sitting on it during a job on January 6, 1953, but the constriction caused by the bending altered the tone of the instrument, and Gillespie liked the effect. Gillespie's biographer Alyn Shipton writes that Gillespie likely got the idea when he saw a similar instrument in 1937 in Manchester, England while on tour with the Teddy Hill Orchestra. An English trumpeter was using such an instrument because his vision was poor and the horn made reading music easier. According to this account (from British journalist Pat Brand) Gillespie was able to try out the horn and the experience led him, much later, to commission a similar horn for himself.Whatever the origins of Gillespie's upswept trumpet, by June, 1954, Gillespie was using a professionally manufactured horn of this design, and it was to become a visual trademark for him for the rest of his life.
Discography
Filmography
Bibliography
References
External links
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bs:Dizzy Gillespie bg:Дизи Гилеспи ca:Dizzy Gillespie cs:Dizzy Gillespie da:Dizzy Gillespie de:Dizzy Gillespie et:Dizzy Gillespie el:Ντίζι Γκιλέσπι es:Dizzy Gillespie eo:Dizzy Gillespie eu:Dizzy Gillespie fa:دیزی گیلیسپی fr:Dizzy Gillespie gl:Dizzy Gillespie hr:Dizzy Gillespie io:Dizzy Gillespie id:Dizzy Gillespie it:Dizzy Gillespie he:דיזי גילספי sw:Dizzy Gillespie la:Dizzie Gillespie lb:Dizzy Gillespie hu:Dizzy Gillespie nl:Dizzy Gillespie ja:ディジー・ガレスピー no:Dizzy Gillespie nn:Dizzy Gillespie oc:Dizzy Gillespie nds:Dizzy Gillespie pl:Dizzy Gillespie pt:Dizzy Gillespie ru:Гиллеспи, Диззи sc:Dizzy Gillespie simple:Dizzy Gillespie sk:Dizzy Gillespie sr:Дизи Гилеспи fi:Dizzy Gillespie sv:Dizzy Gillespie tl:Dizzy Gillespie th:ดิซซี กิลเลสพี tr:Dizzy Gillespie uk:Діззі Гіллеспі yo:Dizzy Gillespie zh:迪齐·吉莱斯皮This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Charles Parker, Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), famously called Bird or Yardbird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.
Parker, with Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, is widely considered to have been one of the most influential jazz musicians. Parker acquired the nickname "Yardbird" early in his career and the shortened form "Bird" remained Parker's sobriquet for the rest of his life, inspiring the titles of a number of Parker compositions, such as "Yardbird Suite", "Ornithology" and "Bird of Paradise."
Parker played a leading role in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuoso technique, and improvisation based on harmonic structure. Parker's innovative approaches to melody, rhythm, and harmony exercised enormous influence on his contemporaries. Several of Parker's songs have become standards, including "Billie's Bounce", "Anthropology", "Ornithology", and "Confirmation". He introduced revolutionary harmonic ideas including a tonal vocabulary employing 9ths, 11ths and 13ths of chords, rapidly implied passing chords, and new variants of altered chords and chord substitutions. His tone was clean and penetrating, but sweet and plaintive on ballads. Although many Parker recordings demonstrate dazzling virtuosic technique and complex melodic lines – such as "Ko-Ko", "Kim", and "Leap Frog" – he was also one of the great blues players. His themeless blues improvisation "Parker's Mood" represents one of the most deeply affecting recordings in jazz. At various times, Parker fused jazz with other musical styles, from classical to Latin music, blazing paths followed later by others.
Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat generation, personifying the conception of the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual, rather than just a popular entertainer. His style – from a rhythmic, harmonic and soloing perspective – influenced countless peers on every instrument.
Biography
Childhood
Charlie Parker was born in Kansas City, Kansas and raised in Kansas City, Missouri, the only child of Charles and Addie Parker. Charles, an alcoholic, was often absent. Parker attended Lincoln High School. He enrolled in September 1934 and withdrew in December 1935 about the time he joined the local Musicians Union.Parker displayed no sign of musical talent as a child. His father presumably provided some musical influence; he was a pianist, dancer and singer on the T.O.B.A. circuit, although he later became a Pullman waiter or chef on the railways. His mother worked nights at the local Western Union. His biggest influence however was a young trombone player who taught him the basics of improvisation.
Parker began playing the saxophone at age 11 and at age 14 joined his school's band using a rented school instrument. One story holds that, without formal training, he was terrible, and thrown out of the band. Experiencing periodic setbacks of this sort, at one point he broke off from his constant practicing.
Early career
It has been said that, in early 1936, Parker participated in a cutting contest that included Jo Jones on drums, who tossed a cymbal at Parker in impatience with his playing. However, in the numerous interviews throughout his life, Jones made no mention of this incident. At this time Parker began to practice with great diligence and rigor, learning the blues, "Cherokee" and "rhythm changes" in all twelve keys. In this woodshedding period, Parker mastered improvisation and developed some of the ideas of be-bop. In an interview with Paul Desmond, he said he spent 3–4 years practicing up to 15 hours a day. It has been said that he used to play many other tunes in all twelve keys. The story, though undocumented, would help to explain the fact that he often played in unconventional concert pitch key signatures, like E (which transposes to C# for the alto sax).Groups led by Count Basie and Bennie Moten were the leading Kansas City ensembles, and undoubtedly influenced Parker. He continued to play with local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City, Missouri, where he perfected his technique with the assistance of Buster Smith, whose dynamic transitions to double and triple time certainly influenced Parker's developing style.
In 1938, Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band. The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City. Parker made his professional recording debut with McShann's band. It was said at one point in McShann's band that he "sounded like a machine", owing to his highly virtuosic yet nonetheless musical playing.
As a teenager, Parker developed a morphine addiction while in hospital after an automobile accident, and subsequently became addicted to heroin. Heroin would haunt him throughout his life and ultimately contribute to his death.
New York City
In 1939, Parker moved to New York City. There he pursued a career in music, but held several other jobs as well. He worked for $9 a week as a dishwasher at Jimmie's Chicken Shack where pianist Art Tatum performed. Parker's later style in some ways recalled Tatum's, with dazzling, high-speed arpeggios and sophisticated use of harmony.In 1942, Parker left McShann's band and played with Earl Hines for one year. Also in the band was trumpet player Dizzy Gillespie, which is where the soon to be famous duo met for the first time. Unfortunately, this period is virtually undocumented because of the strike of 1942–1943 by the American Federation of Musicians, during which no official recordings were made. Nevertheless, we know that Parker joined a group of young musicians in after-hours clubs in Harlem such as Clark Monroe's Uptown House and (to a much lesser extent) Minton's Playhouse. These young iconoclasts included Gillespie, pianist Thelonious Monk, guitarist Charlie Christian, and drummer Kenny Clarke. The beboppers' attitude was summed up in a famous quotation attributed to Monk by Mary Lou Williams: "We wanted a music that they couldn't play" – "they" being the (white) bandleaders who had taken over and profited from swing music. The group played in venues on 52nd Street including the Three Deuces and The Onyx. In his time in New York City, Parker also learned much from notable music teacher Maury Deutsch.
Bebop
According to an interview Parker gave in the 1950s, one night in 1939, he was playing "Cherokee" in a jam session with guitarist William 'Biddy' Fleet when he hit upon a method for developing his solos that enabled him to play what he had been hearing in his head for some time, by connecting harmony using the diminished relationship of dominants. Still with McShann's orchestra, Parker at this time realized that the twelve tones of the chromatic scale can lead melodically to any key, breaking some of the confines of simpler jazz soloing.Early in its development, this new type of jazz was rejected by many of the established, traditional jazz musicians who disdained their younger counterparts with comments like Eddie Condon's putdown: "They flat their fifths, we drink ours." The beboppers, in response, called these traditionalists "moldy figs". However, some musicians, such as Coleman Hawkins and Benny Goodman, were more positive about its development, and participated in jam sessions and recording dates in the new approach with its adherents.
Because of the 2-year Musicians' Union recording ban on all commercial recordings from 1942 to 1944 (part of a struggle to get royalties from record sales for a union fund for out-of-work musicians), much of bebop's early development was not captured for posterity. As a result, the new musical concepts only gained limited radio exposure. Bebop musicians had a difficult time gaining widespread recognition. It was not until 1945, when the recording ban was lifted, that Parker's collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach, Bud Powell and others had a substantial effect on the jazz world. One of their first (and greatest) small-group performances together was rediscovered and issued in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945. Bebop began to grab hold and gain wider appeal among musicians and fans alike.
On November 26, 1945, Parker led a record date for the Savoy label, marketed as the "greatest Jazz session ever." The tracks recorded during this session include "Ko-Ko" (based on the chords of "Cherokee"), "Now's the Time" (a twelve bar blues incorporating a riff later used in the late 1949 R&B; dance hit "The Hucklebuck"), "Billie's Bounce", and "Thriving on a Riff".
Shortly afterwards, the Parker/Gillespie band traveled to an unsuccessful engagement at Billy Berg's club in Los Angeles. Most of the group returned to New York, but Parker remained in California, cashing in his return ticket to buy heroin. He experienced great hardship in California, eventually being committed to Camarillo State Mental Hospital for a six month period.
Addiction
Parker's addiction to heroin, which began in his late teens, caused him to miss gigs and to be fired for being high. To satisfy his habit, he frequently resorted to busking on the streets for drug money, receiving loans from fellow musicians/admirers, pawning his own horn and borrowing other sax players' instruments as a result. Parker's situation was typical of the strong connection between drug abuse and jazz at the time.Although he produced many brilliant recordings during this period, Parker's behavior became increasingly erratic due to his habit. Heroin was difficult to obtain after he moved to California for a short time where the drug was less abundant, and Parker began to drink heavily to compensate for this. A recording for the Dial label from July 29, 1946, provides evidence of his condition. Prior to this session, Parker drank about a quart of whiskey. According to the liner notes of ''Charlie Parker on Dial Volume 1'', Parker missed most of the first two bars of his first chorus on the track, "Max Making Wax." When he finally did come in, he swayed wildly and once spun all the way around, going badly off mic. On the next tune, "Lover Man", producer Ross Russell physically supported Parker in front of the microphone. On "Bebop" (the final track Parker recorded that evening) he begins a solo with a solid first eight bars. On his second eight bars, however, Parker begins to struggle, and a desperate Howard McGhee, the trumpeter on this session, shouts, "Blow!" at Parker. McGhee's bellow is audible on the recording. Charles Mingus considered this version of "Lover Man" to be among Parker's greatest recordings despite its flaws. Nevertheless, Parker hated the recording and never forgave Ross Russell for releasing the sub-par performance (and re-recorded the tune in 1951 for Verve, this time in stellar form, but perhaps lacking some of the passionate emotion in the earlier, problematic attempt).
During the night following the "Lover Man" session, Parker was drinking in his hotel room. He entered the hotel lobby stark naked on several occasions and asked to use the phone, but was refused on each attempt. The hotel manager eventually locked him in his room. At some point during the night, he set fire to his mattress with a cigarette, then ran through the hotel lobby wearing only his socks. He was arrested and committed to Camarillo State Mental Hospital, where he remained for six months.
Coming out of the hospital, Parker was initially clean and healthy, and proceeded to do some of the best playing and recording of his career. Before leaving California, he recorded "Relaxin' at Camarillo", in reference to his hospital stay. He returned to New York – and his addiction – and recorded dozens of sides for the Savoy and Dial labels that remain some of the high points of his recorded output. Many of these were with his so-called "classic quintet" including trumpeter Miles Davis and drummer Max Roach.
Charlie Parker with strings
A longstanding desire of Parker's was to perform with a string section. He was a keen student of classical music, and contemporaries reported he was most interested in the music and formal innovations of Igor Stravinsky, and longed to engage in a project akin to what later became known as Third Stream Music, a new kind of music, incorporating both jazz and classical elements as opposed to merely incorporating a string section into performance of jazz standards. On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker to record an album of ballads with a mixed group of jazz and chamber orchestra musicians. Six master takes from this session comprised the album ''Bird With Strings'': "Just Friends", "Everything Happens to Me", "April in Paris", "Summertime", "I Didn't Know What Time It Was", and "If I Should Lose You". The sound of these recordings is rare in Parker's catalog. Parker's improvisations are, in comparison to his usual work, more distilled and economical. His tone is darker and softer than on his small-group recordings, and the majority of his lines are beautiful embellishments on the original melodies rather than harmonically based improvisations. These are among the few recordings Parker made during a brief period when he was able to control his heroin habit, and his sobriety and clarity of mind are evident in his playing. Parker stated that, of his own records, ''Bird With Strings'' was his favorite. Although using classical music instrumentation with jazz musicians was not entirely original, this was the first major work where a composer of bebop was matched with a string orchestra.Some fans thought this record was a sell out and a pandering to popular tastes. It is now seen to have been artistically as well as commercially successful. While ''Charlie Parker with Strings'' sold better than his other releases, Parker's version of "Just Friends" is regarded as one of his best performances. In an interview, Parker said he considered it to be his best recording to that date.
Prominence
thumb|right|Right side view of a [[C. G. Conn|Conn 6M "Lady Face" alto sax with highly distinctive underslung octave key, a model that Parker is known to have used. ]]By 1950, much of the jazz world had fallen under Parker's spell. Many musicians transcribed and copied his solos. Legions of saxophonists imitated his playing note-for-note. In response to these pretenders, Parker's admirer, the bass player Charles Mingus, titled a tune "Gunslinging Bird" (meaning "If Charlie Parker were a gunslinger, there would be a whole lot of dead copycats") featured on the album ''Mingus Dynasty''. In this regard, he is perhaps only comparable to Louis Armstrong: both men set the standard for their instruments for decades, and few escaped their influence.
In 1953, Parker performed at Massey Hall in Toronto, Canada, joined by Gillespie, Mingus, Bud Powell and Max Roach. Unfortunately, the concert clashed with a televised heavyweight boxing match between Rocky Marciano and Jersey Joe Walcott and as a result was poorly attended. Thankfully, Mingus recorded the concert, and the album ''Jazz at Massey Hall'' is often cited as one of the finest recordings of a live jazz performance, with the saxophonist credited as "Charlie Chan" for contractual reasons.
At this concert, he played a plastic Grafton saxophone (serial number 10265); later, saxophonist Ornette Coleman used this brand of plastic sax in his early career. There is a story that says Parker had sold his alto saxophone to buy drugs, and at the last minute, he, Dizzy Gillespie and other members of Charlie's entourage went running around Toronto trying to find Parker a saxophone. After scouring all the downtown pawnshops open at the time, they were only able to find a Grafton, which Parker proceeded to use at the concert that night. This account however is totally untrue. Parker in fact owned two of the Grafton plastic horns. At this point in his career he was experimenting with new sounds and new materials. Parker himself explains the purpose of the plastic saxophone in a May 9 of 1953 broadcast from Birdland and does so again in subsequent May 1953 broadcast.
Parker was known for often showing up to performances without an instrument, necessitating a loan at the last moment. There are various photos that show him playing a Conn 6M saxophone, a high quality instrument that was noted for having a very fast action and a unique "underslung" octave key.
Some of the photographs showing Parker with a Conn 6M were taken on separate occasions. because Parker can be seen wearing different clothing and there are different backgrounds. However, other photos exist that show Parker holding alto saxophones with a more conventional octave key arrangement, i.e. mounted above the crook of the saxophone e.g. the Martin Handicraft and Selmer Model 22 saxophones, among others. Parker is also known to have performed with a King 'Super 20' saxophone, with a semi-underslung octave key that bears some resemblance to those fitted on modern Yanagisawa instruments. Parker's King Super 20 saxophone was made specially for him in 1947.
Death
Parker died in the suite of his friend and patron Nica de Koenigswarter at the Stanhope Hotel in New York City while watching ''The Dorsey Brothers' Stage Show'' on television. The official causes of death were lobar pneumonia and a bleeding ulcer but Parker also had an advanced case of cirrhosis and had had a heart attack. Any one of the four ailments could have killed him. The coroner who performed his autopsy mistakenly estimated Parker's 34-year-old body to be between 50 and 60 years of age.
It was well known that Parker never wanted to return to Kansas City, even in death. Parker had told his common-law wife, Chan, that he did not want to be buried in the city of his birth; that New York was his home and he didn’t want any fuss or memorials when he died. At the time of his death, though, he had not divorced his previous wife Doris, nor had he officially married Chan, which left Parker in the awkward post-mortem situation of having two widows. This complicated the settling of Parker's inheritance and would ultimately serve to frustrate his wish to be quietly interred in his adopted hometown. Dizzy Gillespie was able to take charge of the funeral arrangements that Chan had been putting together and organised a ‘lying-in-state’, a Harlem procession officiated by Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., and a memorial concert before Parker's body was flown back to Missouri to be buried there in accordance with his mother's wishes. Parker was buried at Lincoln Cemetery, 8604 E. Truman Road, Kansas City, Missouri.
Charlie Parker was survived by both his legal wife, Doris (née Doris June Snyder, August 16, 1922 – January 17, 2000), and his partner, Chan; a stepdaughter, Kim, who is also a musician; and a son, Baird; their later lives are chronicled in Chan Parker's autobiography, ''My Life in E Flat''.
Parker's estate is managed by CMG Worldwide.
Music
Parker's style of composition involved interpolation of original melodies over pre-existing jazz forms and standards, a practice still common in jazz today. Examples include "Ornithology" ("How High The Moon") and "Yardbird Suite" ("What Price Love"). The practice was not uncommon prior to bebop; however, it became a signature of the movement as artists began to move away from arranging popular standards and began to compose their own material.While tunes such as "Now's The Time", "Billie's Bounce", and "Cool Blues" were based on conventional 12-bar blues changes, Parker also created a unique version of the 12-bar blues for his tune "Blues for Alice". These unique chords are known popularly as "Bird Changes". Like his solos, some of his compositions are characterized by long, complex melodic lines and a minimum of repetition although he did employ the use of repetitive (yet relatively rhythmically complex) motifs in many other tunes as well, most notably "Now's The Time".
Parker also contributed a vast rhythmic vocabulary to the modern jazz solo, one in which triplets and pick-up notes were used in (then) unorthodox ways to lead into chord tones, affording the soloist with more freedom to use passing tones, which soloists would have previously avoided. Within this context, Parker was admired for his unique style of phrasing and innovative use of rhythm. Via his recordings and the popularity of the posthumously published ''Charlie Parker Omnibook'', Parker's uniquely identifiable vocabulary of "licks" and "riffs" dominated jazz for many years to come. Today his ideas are routinely analyzed by jazz students and are part of any player's basic jazz vocabulary.
Awards and recognitions
;Grammy Award {| class=wikitable |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| Charlie Parker Grammy Award History |- ! Year ! Category ! Title ! Genre ! Label ! Result |- align=center | 1974 | Best Performance By A Soloist | ''First Recordings!'' | Jazz | Onyx | Winner |}
;Grammy Hall of Fame Recordings of Charlie Parker were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance."
{| class=wikitable |- | colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Charlie Parker: Grammy Hall of Fame Awards |- ! Year Recorded ! Title ! Genre ! Label ! Year Inducted |- align=center | 1945 | "Billie's Bounce" | Jazz (Single) | Savoy | 2002 |- align=center | 1953 | ''Jazz at Massey Hall'' | Jazz (Album) | Debut | 1995 |- align=center | 1946 | "Ornithology" | Jazz (Single) | Dial | 1989 |- align=center | 1950 | ''Charlie Parker with Strings'' | Jazz (Album) | Mercury | 1988 |}
;Inductions {| class=wikitable |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| |- ! Year Inducted ! Title |- align=center | 2004 | Jazz at Lincoln Center: Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame |- align=center | 1984 | Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award |- align=center | 1979 | Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame |}
;National Recording Registry
In 2002, the Library of Congress honored his recording "Ko-Ko" (1945) by adding it to the National Recording Registry.
;U.S. Postage Stamp
{| class=wikitable |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| |- ! Year Issued ! Stamp ! USA ! Note |- align=center | 1995 | 32 cents Commemorative stamp | U.S. Postal Stamps | Photo (Scott #2987) |}
Musical tributes
| name | Charlie Parker Residence |
|---|---|
| nrhp type | nrhp |
| locmapin | New York City |
| lat degrees | 40 |
| lat minutes | 43 |
| lat seconds | 36 |
| lat direction | N |
| long degrees | 73 |
| long minutes | 58 |
| long seconds | 50 |
| long direction | W |
| coord parameters | region:US-NY_type:landmark |
| location | 151 Avenue BManhattan, New York City |
| built | c.1849 |
| architecture | Gothic Revival |
| added | April 7, 1994 |
| designated nrhp type | April 7, 1994 |
| refnum | 94000262 |
| governing body | private |
| designated other2 name | NYC Landmark |
| designated other2 date | May 18, 1999 |
| designated other2 abbr | NYCL |
| designated other2 link | New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission |
| designated other2 color | #ff0000 }} |
Charlie Parker Residence
From 1950 to 1954, Parker and his common-law wife, Chan Richardson, lived in the ground floor of the townhouse at 151 Avenue B, between East 9th and 10th Streets across from Tompkins Square Park in the Alphabet City section of the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The Gothic Revival building, which was built c.1849, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, and was designated a New York City landmark in 1999. In addition, in 1992, Avenue B between East 7th and 10th Streets was renamed Charlie Parker Place in 1992.
Other tributes
Notes
References
External links
Category:1920 births Category:1955 deaths Category:People from Kansas City, Kansas Category:African American musicians Category:American buskers Category:American jazz composers Category:American jazz saxophonists Category:Bebop saxophonists Category:Deaths from pneumonia Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Infectious disease deaths in New York Category:Jazz alto saxophonists Category:Musicians from Missouri Category:Savoy Records artists
ar:شارلي باركر bs:Charlie Parker bg:Чарли Паркър ca:Charlie Parker cs:Charlie Parker da:Charlie Parker de:Charlie Parker et:Charlie Parker el:Τσάρλι Πάρκερ es:Charlie Parker eo:Charlie Parker eu:Charlie Parker fa:چارلی پارکر fr:Charlie Parker gl:Charlie Parker ko:찰리 파커 hr:Charlie Parker io:Charlie Parker id:Charlie Parker it:Charlie Parker he:צ'ארלי פרקר ka:ჩარლზ პარკერი sw:Charlie Parker lv:Čārlijs Pārkers lb:Charlie Parker hu:Charlie Parker nl:Charlie Parker ja:チャーリー・パーカー no:Charlie Parker nn:Charlie Parker oc:Charlie Parker nds:Charlie Parker pl:Charlie Parker pt:Charlie Parker ru:Паркер, Чарли scn:Charlie Parker simple:Charlie Parker sk:Charlie Parker sr:Чарли Паркер fi:Charlie Parker sv:Charlie Parker tl:Charlie Parker th:ชาร์ลี พาร์กเกอร์ tr:Charlie Parker uk:Чарлі Паркер zh:查利·帕克This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Name | Babe Ruth |
|---|---|
| Width | 256 |
| Position | Outfielder / Pitcher |
| Bats | Left |
| Throws | Left |
| Birth date | February 06, 1895 |
| Birth place | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Death date | August 16, 1948 |
| Death place | New York, New York |
| Debutdate | July 11 |
| Debutyear | 1914 |
| Debutteam | Boston Red Sox |
| Finaldate | May 30 |
| Finalyear | 1935 |
| Finalteam | Boston Braves |
| Stat1label | Batting average |
| Stat1value | .342 |
| Stat2label | Home runs |
| Stat2value | 714 |
| Stat3label | Hits |
| Stat3value | 2,873 |
| Stat4label | Runs batted in |
| Stat4value | 2,217 |
| Stat5label | Win–loss record |
| Stat5value | 94–46 |
| Stat6label | Earned run average |
| Stat6value | 2.28 |
| Teams | |
| Highlights | |
| Hofdate | |
| Hofvote | 95.13% }} |
Ruth has since become regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture. He has been named the greatest baseball player in history in various surveys and rankings, and his home run hitting prowess and charismatic personality made him a larger than life figure in the "Roaring Twenties". Off the field he was famous for his charity, but also was noted for his often reckless lifestyle. Ruth is credited with changing baseball itself. The popularity of the game exploded in the 1920s, largely due to his influence. Ruth ushered in the "live-ball era", as his big swing led to escalating home run totals that not only excited fans, but helped baseball evolve from a low-scoring, speed-dominated game to a high-scoring power game.
In 1998, ''The Sporting News'' ranked Ruth number one on the list of "Baseball's 100 Greatest Players". In 1999, baseball fans named Ruth to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In 1969, he was named baseball's Greatest Player Ever in a ballot commemorating the 100th anniversary of professional baseball. In 1993, the Associated Press reported that Muhammad Ali was tied with Babe Ruth as the most recognized athletes, out of over 800 dead or alive athletes, in America. The study found that over 97% of Americans over 12 years of age identified both Ali and Ruth. According to ESPN, he was the first true American sports celebrity superstar whose fame transcended baseball. In a 1999 ESPN poll, he was ranked as the third-greatest US athlete of the century, behind Michael Jordan and Muhammad Ali.
Ruth was the first player to hit 60 home runs in one season (1927), setting the season record which stood until broken by Roger Maris in 1961. Ruth's lifetime total of runs at his retirement in 1935 was a record, until first surpassed by Hank Aaron in 1974. Unlike many power hitters, Ruth also hit for average: his .342 lifetime batting is tenth highest in baseball history, and in one season (1923) he hit .393, a Yankee record. His .690 career slugging percentage and 1.164 career on-base plus slugging (OPS) remain the Major League records. Ruth dominated the era in which he played. He led the league in home runs during a season twelve times, slugging percentage and OPS thirteen times each, runs scored eight times, and runs batted in (RBIs) six times. Each of those totals represents a modern record (as well as the all-time record, except for RBIs).
Early years
Ruth was born at 216 Emory Street in Pigtown, a rough neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. Ruth's German-American parents, Kate Schamberger-Ruth and George Herman Ruth, Sr., owned a succession of saloons and sold lightning rods. Only one of Ruth's seven siblings, his sister Mamie, survived past infancy.
Not much is known about Ruth's early childhood. His mother was constantly ill (she later died of tuberculosis while Ruth was still a teenager). Ruth later described his early life as "rough". When he was seven years old, his father sent him to St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys, a reformatory and orphanage, and signed custody over to the Catholic missionaries who ran the school (the site of St. Mary's was occupied by Cardinal Gibbons School). Ruth remained at St. Mary's for the next 12 years, only visiting with his family for special occasions. Brother Matthias Boutlier, the Head of Discipline at St. Mary's, first introduced Ruth to the game of baseball. He became a father figure in Ruth's life, teaching him how to read and write, and worked with Ruth on hitting, fielding and as his skills progressed, pitching. During his time in St. Mary's, Ruth was also taught tailoring, where he became a qualified shirtmaker and was a part of both the school band and the drama club.
Baltimore Orioles
In 1913, St. Mary's Industrial School was playing a game against Mount St. Mary's University (then college) in Emmitsburg, Maryland. That day, the game was attended by Joe Engel, a former Mount St. Mary's student who was now a pitcher for the Washington Senators. Impressed with Ruth's pitching abilities, Engel, along with a teacher at St. Mary's, Brother Gilbert, brought Ruth to the attention of Jack Dunn, owner and manager of the then minor-league Baltimore Orioles. After watching Ruth pitch in a workout for half an hour, Dunn signed Ruth to a contract for $250 ($}} in current dollar terms) a month on February 14, 1914. Since Ruth was only 19 years old, Dunn had to become Ruth's legal guardian as well; at that time, the age of majority was 25. When the other players on the Orioles caught sight of Ruth, they nicknamed him "Jack's newest babe". The reference stayed with Ruth the rest of his life, and he was most commonly referred to as Babe Ruth from then on. "Babe" was not a unique nickname (see e.g., Babe Adams). His teammates eschewed the public nickname "Babe", and instead called him "George"; or "Jidge" (a nickname for George); or "The Big Fellow"; or just "Bam".On July 7, 1914, Dunn offered to trade Ruth, along with Ernie Shore and Ben Egan, to Connie Mack of the Philadelphia Athletics. Dunn asked $10,000 ($}} in current dollar terms) for the trio, but Mack refused the offer. The Cincinnati Reds, who had an agreement with the Orioles, also passed on Ruth. Instead, the team elected to take George Twombley and Claud Derrick. Two days later, on July 9, Dunn sold the trio to Joe Lannin and the Boston Red Sox. The amount of money exchanged in the transaction is disputed.
Major League career
Red Sox Years
Ruth appeared in five games for the Red Sox in 1914, pitching in four of them. He picked up the victory in his major league debut on July 11. The Red Sox had many star players in 1914, so Ruth was soon optioned to the minor league Providence Grays of Providence, Rhode Island for most of the remaining season. Behind Ruth and Carl Mays, the Grays won the International League pennant. Shortly after the season, in which he'd finished with a 2–1 record, Ruth proposed to Helen Woodford, a waitress whom he had met in Boston. They were married in Ellicott City, Maryland, on October 17, 1914.
During spring training in 1915, Ruth secured a spot in the Red Sox starting rotation. He joined a pitching staff that included Rube Foster, Dutch Leonard, and Smokey Joe Wood. Ruth won 18 games, lost eight, and helped himself by hitting .315. He also hit his first four home runs. The Red Sox won 101 games that year on their way to a victory in the World Series. Ruth did not pitch in the series, and grounded out in his only at-bat.
In 1916, after a slightly shaky spring, he went 23–12, with a 1.75 ERA and nine shutouts, both of which led the league. On June 27, he struck out ten Philadelphia A's, a career high. On July 11, he started both games of a doubleheader, but the feat was not what it seemed; he only pitched one-third of an inning in the opener because the scheduled starter, Foster, had trouble getting loose. Ruth then pitched a complete-game victory in the nightcap. Ruth had unusual success against Washington Senators star pitcher Walter Johnson, beating him four times in 1916 alone, by scores of 5–1, 1–0, 1–0 in 13 innings, and 2–1. Johnson finally outlasted Ruth for an extra-inning 4–3 victory on September 12; in the years to come, Ruth would hit ten home runs off Johnson, including the only two Johnson would allow in 1918–1919. Ruth's nine shutouts in 1916 set an AL record for left-handers which would remain unmatched until Ron Guidry tied it in 1978.
Despite a weak offense, hurt by the sale of Tris Speaker to the Indians, the Red Sox made it to the World Series. They defeated the Brooklyn Robins four games to one. This time Ruth made a major contribution, pitching a 14-inning complete-game victory in Game Two.
Ruth went 24–13 with a 2.01 ERA and six shutouts in 1917, and hit .325, but the Sox finished second, nine games behind the Chicago White Sox. On June 23 against the Washington Senators, after walking the leadoff hitter, Ruth erupted in anger, was ejected, and threw a punch at the umpire, which would result in a ten-game suspension. Ernie Shore came into the game in relief, the baserunner was out stealing, and Shore retired all twenty-six batters he faced, for which he was credited with a perfect game until the 1990s. Ruth's outburst was an example of self-discipline problems that plagued Ruth throughout his career, and is regarded as the primary reason (other than financial) that then-owner Harry Frazee was willing to sell him to the Yankees two years later.
The left-hander was pitching a no-hitter in a 0–0 game against the Detroit Tigers on July 11, before a single deflected off his glove in the eighth inning. Boston finally pushed across a run in the ninth, and Ruth held onto his 1–0 victory by striking out Ty Cobb. In 1942, Ruth called this game his greatest thrill on the field.
In 1918, Ruth pitched in 20 games, posting a 13–7 record with a 2.22 ERA. He was mostly used as an outfielder, and hit a league-leading eleven home runs. His statistics were curtailed slightly when he walked off the team in July following an argument with Boston's manager.
Ruth threw a 1–0 shutout in the opener of the 1918 World Series, then won Game Four in what would be his final World Series appearance as a pitcher. Ruth won both his starts, allowing two runs (both earned) in seventeen innings for an ERA of 1.06. Ruth extended his World Series consecutive scoreless inning streak to 29⅔ innings, a record that would last until Whitey Ford broke it in 1961.
Emergence as a hitter
In the years 1915–1917, Ruth had been used in just 44 games in which he had not pitched. After the 1917 season, in which he hit .325, albeit with limited at bats, teammate Harry Hooper suggested that Ruth might be more valuable in the lineup as an everyday player.In 1918, he began playing in the outfield more and pitching less, making 75 hitting-only appearances. Former teammate Tris Speaker speculated that the move would shorten Ruth's career, though Ruth himself wanted to hit more and pitch less. In 1918, Ruth batted .300 and led the A.L. in home runs with eleven despite having only 317 at-bats, well below the total for an everyday player.
During the 1919 season, Ruth pitched in only 17 of his 130 games. He also set his first single-season home run record that year with 29 (passing Ned Williamson's 27 in 1884), including a game-winning homer on a September "Babe Ruth Day" promotion. It was Babe Ruth's last season with the Red Sox.
Sold to New York
On December 26, 1919, Frazee sold Ruth to the New York Yankees. Popular legend has it that Frazee sold Ruth and several other of his best players to finance a Broadway play, ''No, No, Nanette'' (which, though it actually didn't debut until 1925, did have origins in a December 1919 play, ''My Lady Friends''). The truth is not so simple, as Frazee had another financial concern: Babe Ruth.
After the 1919 season, Ruth demanded a raise to $20,000 ($}} in current dollar terms)—double his previous salary. However, Frazee refused, and Ruth responded by letting it be known he wouldn't play until he got his raise, suggesting that he may retire to undertake other profitable ventures.
Frazee finally lost patience with Ruth, and decided to trade him. However, he was effectively limited to two trading partners—the Chicago White Sox and the then-moribund Yankees. The other five clubs rejected his deals out of hand under pressure from American League president Ban Johnson, who never liked Frazee and was actively trying to remove him from ownership of the Red Sox. The White Sox offered Shoeless Joe Jackson $60,000 ($}} in current dollar terms), but Yankees owners Jacob Ruppert and Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston offered an all-cash deal—$100,000 ($}} in current dollar terms).
Frazee, Ruppert and Huston quickly agreed to a deal. In exchange for Ruth, the Red Sox would get $125,000 ($}} million in current dollar terms) in cash and three $25,000 ($}} in current dollar terms) notes payable every year at 6 percent interest. Ruppert and Huston also loaned Frazee $300,000 ($}} million in current dollar terms), with the mortgage on Fenway Park as collateral. The deal was contingent on Ruth signing a new contract, which was quickly agreed to, and Ruth officially became property of the Yankees on December 26. The deal was announced ten days later.
In the January 6, 1920 edition of ''The Boston Globe'', Frazee described the transaction: : "I should have preferred to take players in exchange for Ruth, but no club could have given me the equivalent in men without wrecking itself, and so the deal had to be made on a cash basis. No other club could afford to give me the amount the Yankees have paid for him, and I don't mind saying I think they are taking a gamble. With this money the Boston club can now go into the market and buy other players and have a stronger and better team in all respects than we would have had if Ruth had remained with us."
However, the January 6, 1920 ''The New York Times'' was more prescient: : "The short right field wall at the Polo Grounds should prove an easy target for Ruth next season and, playing seventy-seven games at home, it would not be surprising if Ruth surpassed his home run record of twenty-nine circuit clouts next Summer."
The Yankee Years
1920–1925
After moving to the Yankees, Ruth's transition from a pitcher to a power-hitting outfielder became complete. In his fifteen year Yankee career, consisting of over 2,000 games, Ruth re-wrote the record books in terms of his hitting achievements, while making only five widely-scattered token appearances on the mound, winning all of them.
In 1920, his first year with the Yankees, Ruth hit 54 home runs and batted .376. His .847 slugging average was a Major League record until 2001. Aside from the Yankees, only the Philadelphia Phillies managed to hit more home runs as a team than Ruth did as an individual, slugging 64 in hitter-friendly Baker Bowl.
In 1921, Ruth improved to arguably the best year of his career, hitting 59 home runs, batting .378 and slugging .846 (the highest with 500+ at-bats in an MLB season) while leading the Yankees to their first league championship. On July 18, 1921, Babe Ruth hit career home run #139, breaking Roger Connor's record of 138 in just the eighth year of his career. (This was not recognized at the time, as Connor's correct career total was not accurately documented until the 1970s. Even if the record had been celebrated, it would have been on an earlier date, as Connor's total was at one time thought to be only 131.)
Ruth's name quickly became synonymous with the home run, as he led the transformation of baseball strategy from the "inside game" to the "power game", and because of the style and manner in which he hit them. His ability to drive a significant number of his home runs in the 450–500 foot range and beyond resulted in the lasting adjective "Ruthian", to describe any long home run hit by any player. Probably his deepest hit in official game play (and perhaps the longest home run by ''any'' player), occurred on July 18, at Detroit's Navin Field, in which he hit one to straightaway center, over the wall of the then-single-deck bleachers, and to the intersection, some from home plate.
As impressive as Ruth's 1921 numbers were, they could have been more so under modern conditions. Bill Jenkinson's 2006 book, ''The Year Babe Ruth Hit 104 Home Runs,'' attempts to examine each of Ruth's 714 career home runs, plus several hundred long inside-the-park drives and "fair-foul" balls. Until 1931 in the AL, balls that hit the foul pole were considered ground-rule doubles, and balls that went over the wall in fair territory but hooked foul were ruled foul. Many fields, including Ruth's home Polo Grounds, had exceptionally deep center fields—in the Polo Grounds' case, nearly five hundred feet. The author concluded that Ruth would have been credited with 104 home runs in 1921, if modern rules and field dimensions were in place. However, these claims ignore the extreme short distances down the left and right field lines, which were 279 and 258 feet respectively. In addition, the 21 foot overhang in left field often intercepted fly balls which would otherwise have been catchable and turned them into home runs. In either case, Ruth set major league records in total bases (457), extra base hits (119) and times on base (379), all of which stand to this day.
The Yankees had high expectations when they met the New York Giants in the 1921 World Series, and the Yankees won the first two games with Ruth in the lineup. However, Ruth badly scraped his elbow during Game 2, sliding into third base (he had walked and stolen both second and third). After the game, he was told by the team physician not to play the rest of the series. Although he did play in Games 3, 4 and 5, and pinch-hit in Game 8 of the best-of-9 Series, his productivity was diminished, and the Yankees lost the series. Ruth hit .316, drove in five runs and hit his first World Series home run. (Although the Yankees won the fifth game, Ruth wrenched his knee and did not return to the Series until the eighth [last] game.)
Ruth's appearance in the 1921 World Series also led to a problem and triggered another disciplinary action. After the series, Ruth played in a barnstorming tour. A rule then in force prohibited World Series participants from playing in exhibition games during the off-season, the purpose of which was to prevent Series participants from "restaging" the Series and undermining its value. Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis suspended Ruth for the first six weeks of the 1922 season. Landis had made his point about adhering to the letter of the rules, but he also recognized that the rule was no longer needed, and rescinded it.
Despite his suspension, Ruth started his 1922 season on May 20 as the Yankees' new on-field captain. But five days later, he was ejected from a game for throwing dirt on an umpire, and then climbed into the stands to confront a heckler; Ruth was subsequently stripped of the captaincy. In his shortened season, Ruth appeared in 110 games, batted .315, with 35 home runs and drove in 99 runs, but compared to his previous two dominating seasons, the 1922 season was a disappointment for Ruth. Despite Ruth's off-year, Yankees managed to win the pennant to face the New York Giants for the second straight year in the World Series. In the series, Giants manager John McGraw instructed his pitchers to throw Ruth nothing but curveballs, and Ruth never adjusted. Ruth had just two hits in seventeen at-bats, and the Yankees lost to the Giants for the second straight year by 4–0 (with one tie game).
In 1923, the Yankees moved from the Polo Grounds, where they had sublet from the Giants, to their new Yankee Stadium, which was quickly dubbed "The House That Ruth Built". Ruth hit the stadium's first home run on the way to a Yankees victory over the Red Sox. Ruth finished the 1923 season with a career-high .393 batting average and major-league leading 41 home runs. For the third straight year, the Yankees faced the Giants in the World Series. Rebounding from his struggles in the previous two World Series, Ruth dominated the 1923 World Series. He batted .368, walked eight times, scored eight runs, hit three home runs and slugged 1.000 during the series, as the Yankees won their first World Series title, four games to two.
thumb|Ruth after being knocked unconscious from running into a wall at Griffith Stadium on July 5, 1924. On July 5, 1924, Ruth was knocked unconscious after running into a wall during a game at Griffith Stadium against the Washington Senators. Despite evident pain and a bruised pelvic bone, Ruth insisted on staying in the game and hit a double in his next at-bat. Ruth narrowly missed winning the Triple Crown in 1924. He hit .378 for his only American League batting title, led the major leagues with 46 home runs, and batted in 121 runs to finish second to Goose Goslin's 129. Ruth's on-base percentage was .513, the fourth of five years in which his OBP exceeded .500. However, the Yankees finished second, two games behind the Washington Senators, who went on to win their only World Series while based in D.C. During that same year, Ruth served in the New York national Guard 104th Field Artillery.
During spring training in 1925 Ruth's ailment was dubbed "the bellyache heard round the world," when one writer wrote that Ruth's illness was caused by binging on hot dogs and soda pop before a game. Venereal disease and alcohol poisoning (caused by tainted liquor, a major health problem during the Prohibition) have also been speculated to be the causes of his illness. However, the exact nature of his ailment has never been confirmed and remains a mystery. Playing just 98 games, Ruth had what would be his worst season as a Yankee as he finished the season with a .290 average and 25 home runs. The Yankees team finished next to last in the American League with a 69–85 mark, their last season with a losing record until 1965.
1926–1928
Babe Ruth performed at a much higher level during 1926, batting .372 with 47 home runs and 146 RBIs. The Yankees won the AL pennant and advanced to the World Series, where they were defeated by Rogers Hornsby and the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. In Game 4, he hit three home runs, the first time any player achieved this in a World Series game. Despite his batting heroics, he is also remembered for a costly baserunning blunder. Ruth had a reputation as a good but overaggressive baserunner (he had 123 stolen bases, including ten steals of home, but only a 51% career percentage). With two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of the decisive seventh game, with the Yankees trailing 3–2, Ruth tried to steal second base. However, he was thrown out by ten feet, ending the game and the Series. Barrow later called this the only on-field boner Ruth ever made in his career.This remains the only time that the final out of a World Series was a "caught stealing." The 1926 series was also known for Ruth's promise to Johnny Sylvester, a seriously ill 11-year old, that he would hit a home run on his behalf.
Ruth was the leader of the famous 1927 Yankees, also known as Murderer's Row because of the strength of its hitting lineup. The team won a then AL-record 110 games, a mark for a 154-game season surpassed by the 1954 Cleveland Indians (the 2001 Seattle Mariners now hold the record with 116 wins, though they played eight more games), took the AL pennant by 19 games, and swept the Pittsburgh Pirates in the World Series.
With the race long since decided, the nation's attention turned to Ruth's pursuit of his own home run mark of 59. Early in the season, Ruth expressed doubts about his chances: "I don't suppose I'll ever break that 1921 record. To do that, you've got to start early, and the pitchers have got to pitch to you. I don't start early, and the pitchers haven't really pitched to me in four seasons. I get more bad balls to hit than any other six men...and fewer good ones." Ruth was also being challenged for his slugger's crown by teammate Lou Gehrig, who nudged ahead of Ruth's total in midseason, prompting the ''New York World-Telegram'' to anoint Gehrig the favorite. But Ruth caught Gehrig (who would finish with 47), and then had a remarkable last leg of the season, hitting 17 home runs in September. His 60th came on September 30, in the Yankees' next-to-last game. Ruth was exultant, shouting after the game, "Sixty, count 'em, sixty! Let's see some son-of-a-bitch match that!" In later years, he would give Gehrig some credit: "Pitchers began pitching to me because if they passed me they still had Lou to contend with." In addition to his career-high 60 home runs, Ruth batted .356, drove in 164 runs and slugged .772.
The following season started off well for the Yankees, who led the AL by 13 games in July. But the Yankees were soon plagued by some key injuries, erratic pitching and inconsistent play. The Philadelphia Athletics, rebuilding after some lean years, erased the Yankees' big lead and even took over first place briefly in early September. The Yankees, however, took over first place for good when they beat the A's three out of four games in a pivotal series at Yankee Stadium later that month.
Ruth's play in 1928 mirrored his team's performance. He got off to a hot start and on August 1, he had 42 home runs. This put him ahead of his 60 home run pace from the previous season. But Ruth was hobbled by a bad ankle the latter part of the season, and he hit just twelve home runs in the last two months of the regular season. His batting average also fell to .323, well below his career average. Nevertheless, he ended the season with 54 home runs, which would be the fourth (and last) time he hit 50 home runs in a season.
The Yankees had a 1928 World Series rematch with the St. Louis Cardinals, who had upset them in the 1926 series. The Cardinals had the same core players as the 1926 team, except for Rogers Hornsby, who was traded for Frankie Frisch after the 1926 season. Ruth batted .625 (the second highest average in World Series history), including another three-home run game (in game 4), Gehrig batted .545, and the Yankees demolished the Cardinals in four games. The Yankees thus became the first major league team to sweep their opponents in consecutive World Series.
Decline and end with Yankees
In 1929, the Yankees failed to make the World Series for the first time in four years, and it would be another three years before they returned. Although the Yankees had slipped, Ruth led or tied for the league lead in home runs each year during 1929–1931. At one point during the 1930 season, as a stunt, Ruth was called upon to pitch for the first time since 1921, and he pitched a complete-game victory. (He had often pitched in exhibitions in the intervening years).Also in 1929, the Yankees became the first team to use uniform numbers regularly (the Cleveland Indians had used them briefly in 1916). Since Ruth normally batted third in the order (ahead of Gehrig), he was assigned number 3 (to Gehrig's 4). The Yankees retired Ruth's number on June 13, 1948; however, it was kept in circulation prior to that.
In 1930, which was not a pennant year for the Yankees, Ruth was asked by a reporter what he thought of his yearly salary of $80,000 ($}} million in current dollar terms) being more than President Hoover's $75,000. His response: "I know, but I had a better year than Hoover." That quote has also been rendered as, "How many home runs did ''he'' hit last year?" (Ruth had supported Al Smith in the 1928 Presidential election, and snubbed an appearance with president Hoover.) Three years later, Ruth would make a public appearance with the ex-President at a Stanford – USC football game.
In the 1932 season, the Yankees went 107–47 and won the pennant under manager Joe McCarthy, as Ruth hit .341, with 41 home runs and 137 RBIs.
The Yankees faced Gabby Hartnett's Chicago Cubs in the 1932 World Series. The Yankees swept the Cubs and batted .313 as a team. During Game 3 of the series, after having already homered, Ruth hit what has now become known as Babe Ruth's Called Shot. During the at-bat, Ruth supposedly gestured to the deepest part of the park in center-field, predicting a home run. The ball he hit traveled past the flagpole to the right of the scoreboard and ended up in temporary bleachers just outside Wrigley Field's outer wall. The center field corner was 440 feet away, and at age 37, Ruth had hit a straightaway center home run that was perhaps a 490 foot blow. It was Ruth's last Series homer (and his last Series hit), and it became one of the legendary moments of baseball history.
Ruth remained productive in 1933, as he batted .301, with 34 home runs, 103 RBIs, and a league-leading 114 walks. Elected to play in the first All-Star game, he hit the first home run in the game's history on July 6, 1933, at Comiskey Park in Chicago. His two-run home run helped the AL to a 4–2 victory over the NL, and Ruth made a fine catch in the game. Film footage of his All-Star game home run revealed the 38-year-old Ruth had become noticeably overweight.
Late in the 1933 season, he was called upon to pitch in one game and pitched a complete game victory, his final appearance as a pitcher. For the most part, his Yankee pitching appearances (five in fifteen years) were widely-advertised attempts to boost attendance. Despite unremarkable pitching numbers, Ruth had a 5–0 record in those five games, raising his career totals to 94–46.
In 1934, Babe Ruth recorded a .288 average, 22 home runs, and made the All-Star team for the second consecutive year. During the game, Ruth was the first of five consecutive strikeout victims (all of whom were future Hall of Fame players) of Giants pitcher Carl Hubbell, perhaps the most famous pitching feat in All-Star game history. In what turned out to be his last game at Yankee Stadium, only about 2,000 fans attended. By this time, Ruth had reached a personal milestone of 700 home runs and was about ready to retire.
After the 1934 season, Ruth went on a baseball barnstorming tour in the Far East. Players such as Jimmie Foxx, Lefty Gomez, Earl Averill, Charlie Gehringer, and Lou Gehrig were among fourteen players who played a series of 22 games, with many of the games played in Japan. Ruth was popular in Japan, as baseball had been popular in Japan for decades. Riding in a motorcade, Ruth was greeted by thousands of cheering Japanese. The tour was considered a great success for further increasing the popularity of baseball in Japan, and in 1936 Japan organized its first professional baseball league.
Sold to the Braves
By this time, Ruth knew he had little left as a player. His heart was set on managing the Yankees, and he made no secret of his desire to replace McCarthy. However, Ruppert would not consider dumping McCarthy. The slugger and manager had never got along and Ruth's managerial ambitions further chilled their relations. Just before the 1934 season, Ruppert offered to make Ruth manager of the Yankees' top minor-league team, the Newark Bears. However, Ruth's wife, Claire Merritt Hodgson and business manager advised him to reject the offer.After the 1934 season, the only teams that seriously considered hiring Ruth were the Philadelphia Athletics and Detroit Tigers. A's owner/manager Connie Mack gave some thought to stepping down as manager in favor of Ruth, but later dropped the idea, saying that Ruth's wife would be running the team in a month if Ruth ever took over. Ruth was in serious negotiations with Tigers owner Frank Navin, but missed a scheduled interview in late 1934. Meanwhile, Ruppert negotiated with other major-league clubs, seeking one that would take Ruth either as a manager or player.
Boston Braves owner Emil Fuchs finally agreed to take Ruth. Even though the Braves had fielded fairly competitive teams in the last three seasons, Fuchs was sinking in debt and couldn't afford the rent on Braves Field. Fuchs thought Ruth was just what the Braves needed, both on and off the field.
After a series of phone calls, letters and meetings, the Yankees traded Ruth to the Braves on February 26, 1935. It was announced that in addition to remaining as a player, Ruth would become team vice president and would be consulted on all club transactions. He was also made assistant manager to Braves skipper Bill McKechnie. In a long letter to Ruth a few days before the press conference, Fuchs promised Ruth a share in the Braves' profits, with the possibility of becoming co-owner of the team. Fuchs also raised the possibility of Ruth becoming the Braves' manager, perhaps as early as 1936.
Amid much media hoopla, Ruth played his first home game in Boston in over 16 years. Before an opening-day crowd of over 25,000, Ruth accounted for all of the Braves' runs in a 4–2 defeat of the New York Giants. The Braves had long played second fiddle to the Red Sox in Boston, but Ruth's arrival spiked interest in the Braves to levels not seen since their stunning win in the 1914 World Series.
That win proved to be the only time the Braves were over .500 that year. By May 20, they were 7–17, and their season was effectively over. While Ruth could still hit, he could do little else, and soon stopped hitting as well. His conditioning had deteriorated so much that he could do little more than trot around the bases. His fielding was dreadful; at one point, three of the Braves' pitchers threatened not to take the mound if Ruth was in the lineup. Ruth was also annoyed that McKechnie ignored most of his managerial advice (McKechnie later said that Ruth's presence made enforcing discipline nearly impossible). He soon discovered that he was vice president and assistant manager in name only, and Fuchs' promise of a share of team profits was also hot air. In fact, Fuchs expected Ruth to invest some of ''his'' money in the team.
On May 25, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Ruth went 4-for-4, drove in 6 runs and hit 3 home runs in an 11–7 loss to the Pirates. These were the last three home runs of his career. His last home run cleared the roof at the old Forbes Field—he became the first player to accomplish that feat. Five days later, in Philadelphia, Ruth played in his last Major League game. He struck out in the first inning and, while playing the field in the same inning, hurt his knee and left the game. In the 1948 film The Babe Ruth Story there was a more dramatic recounting of Ruth's last game. The Braves were depicted as winning the game against the Pirates and learning he had been fired for walking off the field during the game, while still in the locker room.
Two days after that, Ruth summoned reporters to the locker room after a game against the Giants and announced he was retiring. He had wanted to retire as early as May 12, but Fuchs persuaded him to stay on because the Braves hadn't played in every National League park yet. That season, he hit just .181 with six home runs in 72 at-bats. The Braves season went as badly as Ruth's short season. They finished 38–115, the fourth-worst record in Major League history, just a few percentage points fewer than the infamous 1962 New York Mets.
Personal life
Ruth married Helen Woodford in 1914. Owing to his infidelities, they were reportedly separated around 1926. Helen died in a fire in Watertown, Massachusetts on January 11, 1929 in a house owned by Edward Kinder, a dentist whom she had been living with as "Mrs. Kinder". Kinder identified her body as being that of his wife, then went into hiding after Helen's true identity was revealed; Ruth himself had to get authorities to issue a new death certificate in her legal name, Margaret Helen Woodford Ruth.Ruth had two daughters. Dorothy Ruth was adopted by Babe and Helen. Decades later, she wrote a book, ''My Dad, the Babe'', claiming that she was Ruth's biological child by a girlfriend named Juanita Jennings.
Ruth adopted Julia Hodgson when he married her mother, actress and model Claire Merritt Hodgson. Julia currently resides in Arizona, and threw out the ceremonial first pitch before the final game in the original Yankee Stadium on September 21, 2008.
Ruth and Claire regularly wintered in Florida, frequently playing golf during the off-season and while the Yankees were spring training in Tampa, Florida. After retirement, he had a winter beachfront home in Treasure Island, Florida, near St. Petersburg.
Radio and films
Ruth made many forays into various popular media. He was heard often on radio in the 1930s and 1940s, both as a guest and on his own programs with various titles: ''The Adventures of Babe Ruth'' was a 15-minute Blue Network show heard three times a week from April 16 to July 13, 1934. Three years later, he was on CBS twice a week in ''Here's Babe Ruth'' which was broadcast from April 14 to July 9, 1937. That same year he portrayed himself in "Alibi Ike" on ''Lux Radio Theater''. His ''Baseball Quiz'' was first heard Saturdays on NBC June 5 to July 10, 1943 and then later that year from August 28 to November 20 on NBC, followed by another NBC run from July 8 to October 21, 1944.
His film roles included a cameo appearance as himself in the Harold Lloyd film ''Speedy'' (1928). His first film appearance occurred in 1920, in the silent movie ''Headin' Home''. He made numerous other film appearances in the silent era, usually either playing himself or playing a ballplayer similar to himself.
Ruth's voice was said by some biographers to be similar to that of film star Clark Gable, although that was obviously not evident in the silent film era. He had an appropriate role as himself in ''Pride of the Yankees'' (1942), the story of his ill-fated teammate Lou Gehrig. Ruth had three scenes in the film, including one in which he appeared with a straw hat. He said, "If I see anyone touch it, I'll knock his teeth in!" The teammates convinced young Gehrig (Gary Cooper) to chew up the hat; he got away with it. In the second scene, the players go to a restaurant, where Babe sees a side of beef cooking and jokes, "Well, I'll have one of those..." and, the dramatic scene near the end, where Gehrig makes his speech at Yankee Stadium ending with "I consider myself the luckiest man..."
Retirement and post-playing days
In 1936, Ruth was one of the first five players elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Two years later, Larry MacPhail, the Brooklyn Dodgers general manager, offered him a first base coaching job in June. Ruth took the job but quit at the end of the season. The coaching position was his last job in Major League Baseball. His baseball career finally came to an end in 1943. In a charity game at Yankee Stadium, he pinch hit and drew a walk. In 1947, he became director of the American Legion's youth baseball program.
Baby Ruth candy bar controversy
For decades, the Baby Ruth candy bar was believed to be named after Babe Ruth and some sports marketing practitioners used this example of one of the first forms of sports marketing. However, while the name of the candy bar sounds nearly identical to the Babe's name, the Curtiss Candy Company has steadfastly claimed that Baby Ruth was named after President Grover Cleveland's daughter, Ruth Cleveland. Nonetheless, the bar first appeared in 1921, as Babe Ruth's fame was on the rise and long after Cleveland had left the White House and 15 years after his daughter had died. The company failed to negotiate an endorsement deal with Ruth, and many saw the company's story about the origin of the name of the bar as merely a ploy to avoid having to pay the baseball player any royalties. Ironically, Curtiss successfully shut down a rival bar that was approved by, and named for, Ruth, on the grounds that the names were too similar in the case of George H. Ruth Candy Co. v. Curtiss Candy Co, 49 F.2d 1033 (1931). Sports marketing experts now believe that the Curtiss Candy Company employed the first successful use of an ambush sports marketing campaign, capitalizing on the Babe's name, fame, and popularity.The ''New York Times'' supports the evidence of the ambush marketing campaign when it wrote "For 85 years, Babe Ruth, the slugger, and Baby Ruth, the candy bar, have lived parallel lives in which it has been widely assumed that the latter was named for the former. The confection's creator, the Curtiss Candy Company, never admitted to what looks like an obvious connection – especially since Ruth hit 54 home runs the year before the first Baby Ruth was devoured. Had it done so, Curtiss would have had to compensate Ruth. Instead, it eventually insisted the inspiration was "Baby Ruth" Cleveland, the daughter of President Grover Cleveland. But it is an odd connection that makes one wonder at the marketing savvy of Otto Schnering, the company's founder."
Thus, in 1995, a company representing the Ruth estate brought the Baby Ruth candy bar into sponsorship officialdom when it licensed the Babe's name and likeness for use in a Baby Ruth marketing campaign. On page 34 of the spring, 2007, edition of the Chicago Cubs game program, there is a full-page ad showing a partially-unwrapped Baby Ruth in front of the Wrigley ivy, with the caption, "The official candy bar of Major League Baseball, and proud sponsor of the Chicago Cubs." Continuing the baseball-oriented theme, during the summer and post-season of the 2007 season, a TV ad for the candy bar showed an entire stadium (played by Dodger Stadium) filled with people munching Baby Ruths, and thus having to hum rather than singing along with "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" during the seventh-inning stretch.
Illness
In 1946, he began experiencing severe pain over his left eye. In November 1946, a visit to French Hospital in New York revealed Ruth had a malignant tumor in his neck that had encircled his left carotid artery. He received post-operative radiation therapy. Before leaving the hospital in February 1947, he lost approximately .Around this time, developments in chemotherapy offered some hope. Teropterin, a folic acid derivative, was developed by Dr. Brian Hutchings of the Lederle Laboratories. It had been shown to cause significant remissions in children with leukemia. Ruth was administered this new drug in June 1947. He was suffering from headaches, hoarseness and had difficulty swallowing. He agreed to use this new medicine but did not want to know any details about it. All the while he was receiving this experimental medication, he did not know it was for cancer. On June 29, 1947, he began receiving injections and he responded with dramatic improvement. He gained over and had resolution of his headaches. On September 6, 1947, his case was presented anonymously at the 4th Annual Internal cancer Research Congress in St. Louis. Teropterin ended up being a precursor for methotrexate, a now commonly used chemotherapeutic agent.
It is now known that Ruth suffered from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCA), a relatively rare tumor located in the back of the nose near the eustachian tube. Contemporary management for NPCA includes concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
On April 27, 1947, the Yankees held a ceremony at Yankee Stadium. Despite his health problems, Ruth was able to attend "Babe Ruth Day". Ruth spoke to a capacity crowd of more than 60,000, including many American Legion youth baseball players. Although lacking a specific memorable comment like Gehrig's "Luckiest man" speech, Ruth spoke from the heart, of his enthusiasm for the game of baseball and in support of the youth playing the game. (''Babe Ruth speaking at Yankee Stadium'')
Later, Ruth started the Babe Ruth Foundation, a charity for disadvantaged children. Another Babe Ruth Day held at Yankee Stadium in September 1947 helped to raise money for this charity.
After the cancer returned, Ruth attended the 25th anniversary celebration of the opening of Yankee Stadium on June 13, 1948. He was reunited with old teammates from the 1923 Yankee team and posed for photographs. The photo of Ruth taken from behind, using a bat as a cane, standing apart from the other players, and facing "Ruthville" (right field) became one of baseball's most famous and widely circulated photographs. The photo won the Pulitzer Prize.
Death
Shortly after he attended the Yankee Stadium anniversary event, Ruth was back in the hospital. He received hundreds of well-wishing letters and messages. This included a phone call from President Harry Truman. Claire helped him respond to the letters.
On July 26, 1948, Ruth attended the premiere of the film ''The Babe Ruth Story'', a biopic about his own life. William Bendix portrayed Ruth. Shortly thereafter, Ruth returned to the hospital for the final time. He was barely able to speak. Ruth's condition gradually became worse, and in his last days, scores of reporters and photographers hovered around the hospital. Only a few visitors were allowed to see him, one of whom was National League president and future Commissioner of Baseball, Ford Frick. "Ruth was so thin it was unbelievable. He had been such a big man and his arms were just skinny little bones, and his face was so haggard," Frick said years later.
On August 16, the day after Frick's visit, Babe Ruth died at age 53 due to pneumonia. An autopsy showed the cancer Ruth died from began in the nose and mouth and spread widely throughout his body from there. His body lay in repose in Yankee Stadium. His funeral was two days later at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. Ruth was then buried in the Cemetery of the Gate of Heaven in Hawthorne, New York. At his death, the New York ''Times'' called Babe Ruth, "a figure unprecedented in American life. A born showman off the field and a marvelous performer on it, he had an amazing flair for doing the spectacular at the most dramatic moment."
Legacy
Ruth's impact on American culture still commands attention. Top performers in other sports are often referred to as "The Babe Ruth of ______." He is widely regarded as one of the greatest baseball players in history. Many polls place him as the number one player of all time.
Ruth was mentioned in the poem ''"Line-Up for Yesterday"'' by Ogden Nash:
Films have been made featuring Ruth, or a Ruth-like figure ("The Whammer" in ''The Natural'', for example).
During World War II, Japanese soldiers would yell in English, "To hell with Babe Ruth", in order to anger American soldiers. An episode of Hawaii Five-O would be named "To Hell With Babe Ruth" because of that.
As a sidelight to his prominent role in changing the game to the power game, the frequency and popularity of Ruth's home runs eventually led to a rule change pertaining to those hit in sudden-death mode (bottom of the ninth or later inning). Prior to 1931, as soon as the first necessary run to win the game scored, the play was over, and the batter was credited only with the number of bases needed to drive in the winning run. Thus, if the score was 3–2 with the bases loaded in the bottom of the ninth, and the batter smacked an "over the fence home run", the game would end at 4–3, with the batter only allowed a double, and the runners officially stopped on 2nd and 3rd (since they weren't needed to win the game). The new rule allowed the entire play to complete, justified on the grounds that the ball was dead and that all runners could freely advance, thus granting the full allotment of HR and RBI to the batter, as we know it today. Several players lost home runs that way, including Ruth. As noted in the inaugural edition of ''The Baseball Encyclopedia'' (MacMillan, 1969), Ruth's career total would have been changed to 715 if historians during the 1960s had been successful in pursuing this matter. Major League Baseball elected not to retrofit the records to the modern rules, and Ruth's total stayed at 714.
Another rules change that affected Ruth was the method used by umpires to judge potential home runs when the batted ball left the field near a foul pole. Before 1931, i.e. through most of Ruth's most productive years, the umpire called the play based on the ball's final resting place "when last seen". Thus, if a ball went over the fence fair, and curved behind the foul pole, it was ruled foul. Beginning in 1931 and continuing to the present day, the rule was changed to require the umpire to judge based on the point where the ball cleared the fence. Jenkinson's book (p. 374–375) lists 78 foul balls near the foul pole in Ruth's career, claiming that at least 50 of them were likely to have been home runs under the modern rule.
Ruth's 1919 contract that sent him from Boston to New York was sold at auction for $996,000 at Sotheby's on June 10, 2005. The most valuable memorabilia item relating to Ruth was his 1923 bat which he used to hit the first home run at Yankee Stadium on April 18, 1923. Ruth's heavy Louisville Slugger solid ash wood bat sold for $1.26 million at a Sotheby's auction in December 2004, making it the third most valuable baseball memorabilia item, behind Mark McGwire's 70th home run ball and the famous 1909 Honus Wagner baseball card.
Career batting statistics
Taken from Retrosheet.
| G | ! AB | ! R | ! H | ! HR | ! RBI | ! BB | ! SO | ! Avg. | ! OBP | ! SLG |
| 2,503 | 8,399 | 2,174| | 2,873 | 714 | 2,213 | 2,062 | 1,330 | .342 | .473 | .690 |
All-time ranks
Career pitching statistics
| Win (baseball) | W | Loss (baseball)>L | Earned run average>ERA | Games played>G | Games started>GS | Complete game>CG | Shutout>SHO | Save (baseball)>SV | Innings pitched>IP | Hit (baseball)>H | Run (baseball)>R | Earned run>ER | Home run>HR | Hit by pitch>HBP | Base on balls>BB | Strikeout>SO | Winning percentage>WPct | Walks plus hits per inning pitched>WHIP | Batting average>AVG | Bases on balls per 9 innings pitched>BB/9 | Strikeouts per 9 innings pitched>K/9 |
| 94 | 46 | 2.28| | 163 | 148 | 107 | 17 | 4 | 1,221.1 | 974 | 400 | 309 | 10 | 29 | 441 | 488 | .671 | 1.16 | .220 | 3.25 | 3.60 |
Ruth was 89–46 with the Red Sox and was 5–0 with the Yankees overall. Ruth is 11th for career won-loss at 67.1%.
See also
References and notes
External links
Images
Further reading
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| name | Art Tatum |
|---|---|
| background | non_vocal_instrumentalist |
| birth name | Arthur Tatum, Jr. |
| born | October 13, 1909 |
| died | November 05, 1956
Interred: Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California |
| origin | Toledo, Ohio, U.S. |
| instrument | Piano |
| genre | Jazz, stride |
| occupation | Jazz pianist |
| years active | 1927–1956 |
| notable instruments | }} |
Tatum is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time. Critic Scott Yanow wrote, "Tatum's quick reflexes and boundless imagination kept his improvisations filled with fresh (and sometimes futuristic) ideas that put him way ahead of his contemporaries ... Art Tatum's recordings still have the ability to scare modern pianists."
Life and career
For a musician of such stature, there is very little published information available about Tatum's life. Only one full-length biography of Tatum has been published, ''Too Marvelous for Words'', by James Lester. Lester interviewed many Tatum contemporaries for the book and drew from many articles published about Tatum.
Early years
Tatum was born in Toledo, Ohio. His father, Arthur Tatum, Sr., was a guitarist and an elder at Grace Presbyterian Church, where his mother, Mildred Hoskins, played piano. He had two siblings, Karl and Arlene. From infancy he suffered from cataracts (of disputed cause) which left him blind in one eye and with only very limited vision in the other. A number of surgical procedures improved his eye condition to a degree but some of the benefits were reversed when he was assaulted in 1930 at age 20.A child prodigy with perfect pitch, Tatum learned to play by ear, picking out church hymns by the age of three, learning tunes from the radio and copying piano-roll recordings his mother owned. In a Voice of America interview, he denied the widespread rumor that he learned to play by copying piano roll recordings made by two pianists. He developed an incredibly fast playing style, without losing accuracy. As a child he was also very sensitive to the piano's intonation and insisted it be tuned often. While playing piano was the most obvious application of his mental and physical skills, he also had an encyclopedic memory for Major League Baseball statistics.
In 1925, Tatum moved to the Columbus School for the Blind, where he studied music and learned braille. Subsequently he studied piano with Overton G. Rainey at either the Jefferson School or the Toledo School of Music. Rainey, who too was visually impaired, likely taught Tatum in the classical tradition, as Rainey did not improvise and discouraged his students from playing jazz. In 1927, Tatum began playing on Toledo radio station WSPD as 'Arthur Tatum, Toledo's Blind Pianist', during interludes in Ellen Kay's shopping chat program and soon had his own program. By the age of 19, Tatum was playing with singer Jon Hendricks, also an Ohioan, at the local Waiters' and Bellmens' Club. As word of Tatum spread, national performers, including Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Joe Turner and Fletcher Henderson, passing through Toledo would make it a point to drop in to hear the piano phenomenon.
Musical career
Tatum drew inspiration from the pianists James P. Johnson and Fats Waller, who exemplified the stride piano style, and from the more 'modern' Earl Hines, six years Tatum's senior. Tatum identified Waller as his main influence, but according to pianist Teddy Wilson and saxophonist Eddie Barefield, "Art Tatum's favorite jazz piano player was Earl Hines. He [Tatum] used to buy all of Earl's records and would improvise on them. He'd play the record but he'd improvise over what Earl was doing ..... 'course, when you heard Art play you didn't hear nothing of anybody but Art. But he got his ideas from Earl's style of playing - but Earl never knew that". A major event in his meteoric rise to success was his appearance at a cutting contest in 1933 at Morgan's bar in New York City that included Waller, Johnson and Willie "The Lion" Smith. Standard contest pieces included Johnson's "Harlem Strut" and "Carolina Shout" and Fats Waller's "Handful of Keys." Tatum triumphed with his arrangements of "Tea for Two" and "Tiger Rag", in a performance that was considered to be the last word in stride piano. James P. Johnson, reminiscing about Tatum's debut afterward, simply said, 'When Tatum played Tea For Two that night I guess that was the first time I ever heard it really played.' Tatum's debut was historic because he outplayed the elite competition and heralded the demise of the stride era. He was not challenged further until stride specialist Donald Lambert initiated a half-serious rivalry with him.Tatum worked in New York at the Onyx Club for a few months and recorded his first four solo sides on the Brunswick label in March, 1933. He returned to Ohio and played around the American midwest in the mid-1930s and played on the Fleischman Hour radio program hosted by Rudy Vallee in 1935. He also played stints at the Three Deuces in Chicago and in Los Angeles played at the Trocadero, the Paramount and the Club Alabam. In 1937 he returned to New York where he appeared at clubs and played on national radio programs. The following year he embarked on the Queen Mary for England where he toured, playing for three months at Ciro's Club owned by bandleader Ambrose. In the late 1930s he returned to play and record in Los Angeles and New York.
1940s
In 1941, Tatum recorded two sessions for Decca Records with singer, Big Joe Turner, the first of which included "Wee Wee Baby Blues", which attained national popularity. Two years later Tatum won Esquire Magazine's first jazz popularity poll. Perhaps believing there was a limited audience for solo piano, Tatum formed a trio in 1943 with guitarist Tiny Grimes and bassist Slam Stewart, whose perfect pitch enabled him to follow Tatum's excursions. Tatum recorded exclusively with the trio for almost two years, but abandoned the trio format in 1945 and returned to solo piano work. Although Tatum was idolized by many jazz musicians, his popularity faded in the mid to late forties with the advent of bebop - a movement which Tatum did not embrace.The last two years of his life, Tatum regularly played at Baker's Keyboard Lounge in Detroit, including his final public performance in April 1956. Earlier, Tatum had personally selected and purchased for Clarence Baker the Steinway piano at Baker's, finding it in a New York showroom, and shipping it to Detroit.
Death
Art Tatum died at Queen of Angels Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from the complications of uremia (as a result of kidney failure). He was originally interred at Angelus Rosedale Cemetery in Los Angeles, but was moved to the Great Mausoleum of Glendale's Forest Lawn Cemetery in 1991. He was survived by his wife, Geraldine Tatum. Geraldine died on May 4, 2010 in Los Angeles, and was interred beside Art at Forest Lawn Cemetery.
Style
Tatum built upon stride and classical piano influences to develop a novel and unique piano style. He introduced a strong, swinging pulse to jazz piano, highlighted with spectacular cadenzas that swept across the entire keyboard. His interpretations of popular songs were exuberant, sophisticated, grandiose and intricate. He sometimes improvised lines that presaged bebop and later jazz genres but generally he did not venture far from the original melodic lines of songs. Jazz soloing in the 1930s had not yet evolved into the free-ranging extended improvisations that flowered in the bebop era of the 1940s and 1950s and beyond. But Tatum embellished those melodic lines with an array of signature devices and runs that appeared throughout his repertoire. As he matured, Tatum became more adventurous in abandoning the melodies and elongating those improvisations.Tatum was an innovator in reharmonizing melodies by changing the supporting chord progressions or by altering the root movements of a piece. This technique casts a familiar theme in a fresh light and gives the music an unexpected quality. Many of his harmonic concepts and larger chord voicings (e.g., 13th chords with various flat or sharp intervals) were well ahead of their time in the 1930s (except for their partial emergence in popular songs of the jazz age) and they would be explored by bebop-era musicians a decade later. He worked some of the upper extensions of chords into his lines, a practice which was further developed by Bud Powell and Charlie Parker, which in turn was an influence on the development of 'modern jazz'. Tatum also pioneered the use of dissonance in jazz piano, as can be heard, for example, on his recording of "Aunt Hagar's Blues", which uses extensive dissonance to achieve a bluesy effect. In addition to using major and minor seconds, dissonance was inherent in the complex chords that Tatum frequently used.
Tatum could also play the blues with authority. Pianist Jay McShann, not known for showering compliments on his rivals, is on record as saying, "Art could really play the blues. To me, he was the world's greatest blues player, and I think few people realized that." His repertoire, however, was predominantly Broadway and popular standards, whose chord progressions and variety better suited his talents. His approach was elaborate, pyrotechnic, dramatic and joyous. His protean style combined stride, jazz, swing, boogie-woogie and classical elements, while the musical ideas flowed in rapid-fire fashion. Benny Green wrote in his collected work of essays, ''The Reluctant Art'', that "Tatum has been the only jazz musician to date who has made an attempt to conceive a style based upon all styles, to master the mannerisms of all schools and then synthesize those into something personal." He was playful, spontaneous and often inserted quotes from other songs into his improvisations. Tatum was not inclined toward understatement or expansive use of space. He seldom played in a simplified way, preferring interpretations that displayed his great technique and clever harmonizations. When jazz pianist Stanley Cowell was growing up in Toledo, his father prevailed upon Tatum to play piano at the Cowell home. Stanley described the scene as "Tatum played so brilliantly and so much . . . that I thought the piano was gonna break. My mother left the room . . . so I said "What's wrong, Mama?" And she said "Oh, that man plays too much piano." A handful of critics have complained that Tatum played too many notes or was too ornamental or was even 'unjazzlike'. Jazz critic Gary Giddins opined "That is the essence of Tatum. If you don't like his ornament, you should be listening to someone else. That's where his genius is."
From the foundation of stride, Tatum made great leaps forward in technique and harmony and he honed a groundbreaking improvisational style that extended the limits of what was possible in jazz piano. His innovations were to greatly influence later jazz pianists, such as Bud Powell, Thelonious Monk, Oscar Peterson, Billy Taylor, Bill Evans and Chick Corea. One of Tatum's innovations was his extensive use of the pentatonic scale, which may have inspired later pianists to further mine its possibilities as a device for soloing. Herbie Hancock described Tatum's unique tone as "majestic" and devoted some time to unlocking this sound and to noting Tatum's harmonic arsenal.
The sounds that Tatum produced with the piano were also distinctive. It was said that he could make a bad piano sound good. Generally playing at mezzoforte volume, he employed the entire keyboard from deep bass tones to sonorous mid-register chords to sparkling upper register runs. He used the sustain pedal sparingly so that each note was clearly articulated and chords were cleanly sounded. Tatum's harmonic invention produced tonal colors that identified his musical palette. He played with boundless energy and occasionally his speedy and precise delivery produced an almost mechanical effect not unlike the sound of a player piano.
Technique
Critic Gunther Schuller declared "On one point there is universal agreement: Tatum's awesome technique." That technique was marked by a calm physical demeanor and efficiency. He did not indulge in theatrical physical or facial expression. Hank Jones said: “When I finally met him and got a chance to hear him play in person, it seemed as if he wasn’t really exerting much effort, he had an effortless way of playing. It was deceptive. You’d watch him and you couldn’t believe what was coming out, what was reaching your ears. He didn’t have that much motion at the piano. He didn’t make a big show of moving around and waving his hands and going through all sorts of physical gyrations to produce the music that he produced, so that in itself is amazing. There had to be intense concentration there, but you couldn’t tell by just looking at him play." The effortless gliding of his hands over difficult passages puzzled most who witnessed the phenomenon. He especially mystified other pianists to whom Tatum appeared to be "playing the impossible." Even when playing scintillating runs at high velocity, it appeared that his fingers hardly moved. Using self-taught fingering, including an array of two-fingered runs, he executed the pyrotechnics with meticulous accuracy and timing. His execution was all the more remarkable considering that he drank prodigious amounts of alcohol when performing, yet his recordings are never sloppy. Tatum also displayed phenomenal independence of the hands and ambidexterity, which was particularly evident while improvising counterpoint. Jazz historian and commentator Ira Gitler declared that Tatum's "left hand was the equal of his right." Around 1950 when Bud Powell was opening for Tatum at Birdland, Powell reportedly said to Tatum: "Man, I'm going to really show you about tempo and playing fast. Anytime you're ready." Tatum laughed and replied: "Look, you come in here tomorrow, and anything you do with your right hand, I'll do with my left." Powell never took up the challenge.Tatum played chords with a relatively flat-fingered technique compared to the curvature taught in classical training. Composer/pianist Mary Lou Williams told Whitney Balliett, "Tatum taught me how to hit my notes, how to control them without using pedals. And he showed me how to keep my fingers flat on the keys to get that clean tone." Jimmy Rowles said "Most of the stuff he played was clear over my head. There was too much going on — both hands were impossible to believe. You couldn't pick out what he was doing because his fingers were so smooth and soft, and the way he did it — it was like camouflage." When his fastest tracks of "Tiger Rag" are slowed down, they still reveal a coherent, syncopated rhythm.
After hours
After regular club dates, Tatum would decamp to after-hours clubs to hang out with other musicians who would play for each other. Biographer James Lester notes that Tatum enjoyed listening to other pianists and preferred to play last when several pianists played. He frequently played for hours on end into the dawn, to the detriment of his marriages. Tatum was said to be more spontaneous and creative in those free-form nocturnal sessions than in his scheduled performances. Evidence of this can be found in the set entitled ''20th Century Piano Genius'' which consists of 40 tunes recorded at private parties at the home of Hollywood music director Ray Heindorf in 1950 and 1955. According to the review by Marc Greilsamer, "All of the trademark Tatum elements are here: the grand melodic flourishes, the harmonic magic tricks, the flirtations with various tempos and musical styles. But what also emerges is Tatum's effervescence, his joy, and his humor. He seems to celebrate and mock these timeless melodies all at once."
Group work
Tatum tended to work and to record unaccompanied, partly because relatively few musicians could keep pace with his fast tempos and advanced harmonic vocabulary. Other musicians expressed amazed bewilderment at performing with Tatum. Drummer Jo Jones, who recorded a 1956 trio session with Tatum and bassist Red Callender is quoted as quipping, "I didn't even play on that session [...] all I did was listen. I mean, what could ''I'' add? [...] I felt like setting my damn drums on fire." Buddy DeFranco said that playing with Tatum was "like chasing a train." Tatum said of himself: "A band hampers me."Tatum did not readily adapt or defer to other musicians in ensemble settings. Early in his career he was required to restrain himself when he worked as accompanist for vocalist Adelaide Hall in 1932-33. Perhaps because Tatum believed there was a limited audience for solo piano, he formed a trio in 1943 with guitarist Tiny Grimes and bassist Slam Stewart, whose perfect pitch enabled him to follow Tatum's excursions. He later recorded with other musicians, including a notable session with the 1944 Esquire Jazz All-Stars, which included Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday and other jazz greats, at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. He also recorded memorable group sessions for Norman Granz in the mid-1950s.
Repertoire
Tatum's repertoire consisted mainly of music from the Great American Songbook — Tin Pan Alley, Broadway and other popular music of the 20s, 30s and 40s. He played his own arrangements of a few classical piano pieces as well, most famously Dvořák's ''Humoresque no. 7'' and Massenet's "Elegie". these interpretations are unsurpassed in conception and inventiveness by anything that has been recorded since. Although Tatum was not known as a composer, his versions of popular numbers were so original as to border on composition.
Emulators
Mainstream jazz piano has gone in a different direction than that pioneered by Tatum. Nevertheless, transcriptions of Tatum are popular and are often practiced assiduously. But perhaps because his playing was so difficult to copy, only a handful of musicians — such as Oscar Peterson, Johnny Costa, Johnny Guarnieri, Adam Makowicz, Luther G. Williams, Steven Mayer and Christopher Jordan, and, outside of the usual roster of jazz pianists, Andre Previn — have attempted to seriously emulate or challenge Tatum. Although Bud Powell was of the bebop movement, his prolific and exciting style showed Tatum influence.
Recordings
Tatum recorded commercially from 1932 until near his death. Although recording opportunities were somewhat intermittent for most of his career due to his solo style, he left copious recordings. He recorded for Decca (1934–41), Capitol (1949, 1952) and for the labels associated with Norman Granz (1953–56). Tatum demonstrated remarkable memory when he recorded 68 solo tracks for Norman Granz in two days, all but three of the tracks in one take. He also recorded a series of group recordings for Granz with, among others, Ben Webster, Jo Jones, Buddy DeFranco, Benny Carter, Harry Sweets Edison, Roy Eldridge and Lionel Hampton.
Film
Although only a small amount of film showing Tatum playing exists today, several minutes of professionally-shot archival footage can be found in Martin Scorsese's documentary ''The Blues''. Footage also appears in Ken Burns' documentary ''Jazz'', which includes a short passage on Tatum's life and work, including comments from Jimmy Rowles and Gary Giddins. Tatum appeared in the 1947 movie ''The Fabulous Dorseys'', first playing a solo and then accompanying Dorsey's band in an impromptu song.Tatum appeared on Steve Allen's ''Tonight Show'' in the early 1950s, and on other television shows from this era. Unfortunately, all of the kinescopes of the Allen shows, which were stored in a warehouse along with other now defunct shows, were thrown into a local rubbish dump to make room for new studios. However, the soundtracks were recorded off-air by Tatum enthusiasts at the time, and many are included in Storyville Records extensive series of rare Tatum recordings.
Tatum is portrayed briefly (by actor Johnny O'Neill) in ''Ray'', a 2004 biopic about R&B; artist Ray Charles. When Charles enters a nightclub he remarks "Are my ears deceiving me or is that Art Tatum?" O'Neill captures Tatum's cool and collected presence at the keyboard.
Legacy and tributes
Tatum posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1989.Numerous stories exist about other musicians' respect for Tatum. Perhaps the most famous is the story about the time Tatum walked into a club where Fats Waller was playing, and Waller stepped away from the piano bench to make way for Tatum, announcing, "I only play the piano, but tonight God is in the house." Fats Waller's son confirmed the statement.
Charlie Parker (who helped develop bebop) was highly influenced by Tatum. When newly arrived in New York, Parker briefly worked as a dishwasher in a Manhattan restaurant where Tatum was performing and often listened to the legendary pianist. Parker once said “I wish I could play like Tatum’s right hand!”
When Oscar Peterson was still a young boy, his father played him a recording of Art Tatum performing "Tiger Rag". Once the young Peterson was finally persuaded that it was performed by a single person, Peterson was so intimidated that he did not touch the piano for weeks. Interviewing Oscar Peterson in 1962, Les Tompkins asked "Is there one musician you regard as the greatest?" Peterson replied "I’m an Art Tatum–ite. If you speak of pianists, the most complete pianist that we have known and possibly will know, from what I’ve heard to date, is Art Tatum." "Musically speaking, he was and is my musical God, and I feel honored to remain one of his humbly devoted disciples."
"Here's something new .... " pianist Hank Jones remembers thinking when he first heard Art Tatum on radio in 1935, " .... they have devised this trick to make people believe that one man is playing the piano, when I know at least three people are playing."
The jazz pianist and educator Kenny Barron commented that "I have every record [Tatum] ever made — and I try never to listen to them … If I did, I'd throw up my hands and give up!" Jean Cocteau dubbed Tatum "a crazed Chopin." Count Basie called him the eighth wonder of the world. Dave Brubeck observed, "I don't think there's any more chance of another Tatum turning up than another Mozart." Pianist Mulgrew Miller, a noted fan of Tatum, commented on personal growth by saying, "When I talk to the people I admire, they're always talking about continuous growth and development and I look at them and say, 'Well...what are YOU going to do?'. But, as Harold Mabern says, 'There's always Art Tatum records around'". Dizzy Gillespie said "First you speak of Art Tatum, then take a long deep breath, and you speak of the other pianists."
The elegant pianist Teddy Wilson observed, "Maybe this will explain Art Tatum. If you put a piano in a room, just a bare piano. Then you get all the finest jazz pianists in the world and let them play in the presence of Art Tatum. Then let Art Tatum play ... everyone there will sound like an amateur."
Other luminaries of the day including Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein, Leonard Bernstein, Leopold Godowsky and George Gershwin marveled at Tatum's genius.Jazz critic Leonard Feather has called Tatum "the greatest soloist in jazz history, regardless of instrument."
In 1993, an MIT student invented a term that is now in common usage in the field of computational musicology: The Tatum. It means "the smallest perceptual time unit in music" and is a tribute to Tatum's pianistic velocity.
The Toledo Jazz Society presents an annual event dedicated to Tatum entitled the Art Tatum Jazz Heritage Festival.
Zenph Studios, a software company focused on precisely understanding how musicians perform, recorded a new album of Tatum’s playing with Sony Masterworks in 2007. They created re-performances of Tatum’s first four commercial tracks, from March 21, 1933, and the nine tracks from the April 2, 1949 live concert at L.A.’s Shrine Auditorium. Sony recorded these anew in the same venue, in front of a live audience. These 13 tracks are on the album, “Piano Starts Here: Live from The Shrine,” which was recorded in high-resolution surround-sound and in binaural, as well as regular stereo. The binaural recording, when heard in headphones, let you hear what Tatum may have heard as he played on stage, with the piano spatially in front (bass on the left, treble on the right) and the live audience clearly downstage on the righthand side. Zenph’s re-performances have been performed live in numerous venues, including the Toronto Jazz Festival and New York’s Apollo Theater. Jazz pianist Oscar Peterson requested a live presentation, which he heard in an emotional re-performance in his home in March 2007.
Tatum's work was used and referenced heavily in the WB TV series ''Everwood'' (2002–2006), with some actual sound recordings used and compositions being performed in concerts by Ephram Brown (portrayed by Gregory Smith) in select episodes. James Earl Jones' character Will Cleveland introduced these works to young Ephram, who was an aspiring pianist, in the second season episode "Three Miners From Everwood".
For his 2008 album “Act Your Age,” Gordon Goodwin wrote a new big band arrangement to accompany Zenph’s re-performance of “Yesterdays,” and the track was recognized with a Grammy Nomination for Best Instrumental Arrangement.
In 2009 in Toledo at the new Lucas County Arena a memorial was placed to Art Tatum.
Discography
Notes
Tatum recorded commercially from 1932 until near his death. Although recording opportunities were somewhat intermittent for most of his career due to his solo style, he left copious recordings.[37] He recorded for Decca (1934–41)
References
External links
Category:1909 births Category:1956 deaths Category:Swing pianists Category:Stride pianists Category:American jazz pianists Category:African American musicians Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:People from Toledo, Ohio Category:Blind musicians Category:Deaths from renal failure Category:Verve Records artists Category:Capitol Records artists
an:Art Tatum da:Art Tatum de:Art Tatum et:Art Tatum es:Art Tatum eo:Art Tatum fr:Art Tatum io:Art Tatum it:Art Tatum he:ארט טייטום la:Arthurus Tatum lb:Art Tatum hu:Art Tatum nl:Art Tatum ja:アート・テイタム no:Art Tatum nn:Art Tatum pl:Art Tatum pt:Art Tatum ru:Тэйтум, Арт se:Art Tatum fi:Art Tatum sv:Art Tatum tr:Art Tatum zh:阿特·塔图姆This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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Whispering City (1947) FULL MOVIE
ArtFilmsAnimation
Whispering City (1947) FULL MOVIE
www.zazzle.co.uk Whispering City (1947) is a black-and-white film directed by Fyodor Otsep. The movie was filmed on location in Quebec City and Montmorency Falls, Québec, Canada in both English and French. A French language version L...
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