Name	Bordeaux
Native name	Bordèu
Common name	Bordeaux
Image size	270
Image coat of arms	Coat of Arms of Bordeaux (Chief of France Moderne).svg
City motto	''Lilia sola regunt lunam undas castra leonem.''"The fleur-de-lis alone rules over the moon, the waves, the castle, and the lion"
Longitude	-0.578333
Latitude	44.838611
Time zone	CET (GMT +1)
Insee	33063
Region	Aquitaine
Department	Gironde
Arrondissement	Bordeaux
Canton	chief town of 8 cantons
Mayor	Alain Juppé
Party	UMP
Term	2008–2014
Area km2	49.36
Population date	2008 estimate
Population	250082
Population ranking	9th in France
Communes	191
Urban area km2	1057
Urban area date	2007 estimate
Urban pop	805,000
Urban pop date	2007 estimate
Metro area km2	3875.2
Metro area date	2007 estimate
Metro area pop	1,010,000 (6th in France)
Metro area pop date	2007 estimate
Intercom details	Urban Community of Bordeaux
Website	http://www.bordeaux.fr/ }}

Bordeaux (; Gascon: ''Bordèu'') is a port city on the Garonne River in southwest France, with an estimated (2008) population of 250,082. The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the Gironde department. Its inhabitants are called ''Bordelais''.

Bordeaux is the world's major wine industry capital. It is home to the world's main wine fair, Vinexpo, while the wine economy in the metro area moves 14.5 billion euros each year. Bordeaux wine has been produced in the region since the 8th century. The historic part of the city is on the UNESCO World Heritage List as ''"an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble"'' of the 18th century.

History

Name	Bordeaux, Port of the Moon
State party	France
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iv
Id	1256
Link	http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1256
Region	Europe and North America
Year	2007 }}

Between 30,000 and 20,000 years ago the area of Bordeaux was inhabited by the ''Neanderthal'', whose remains have been found at a famous cave known as Pair-non-Pair, near Bourg sur Gironde, just north of Bordeaux. In historical times, around 300 BC it was the settlement of a Celtic tribe, the Bituriges Vivisci, who named the town ''Burdigala'', probably of Aquitainian origin. The name Bourde is still the name of a river south of the city.

The city fell under Roman rule around 60 BC, its importance lying in the commerce of tin and lead towards Rome. Later it became capital of Roman Aquitaine, flourishing especially during the Severan dynasty (third century). In 276 it was sacked by the Vandals. Further ravage was brought by the same Vandals in 409, the Visigoths in 414 and the Franks in 498, beginning a period of obscurity for the city.

In the late 6th century, the city re-emerged as the seat of a county and an archdiocese within the Merovingian kingdom of the Franks, but royal Frankish power was never strong. The city started to play a regional role as a major urban centre on the fringes of the newly founded Frankish Duchy of Vasconia.

The city was plundered by the troops of Abd er Rahman in 732, after he had defeated Duke Eudes in the Battle of the River Garonne near Bordeaux and before the former was killed during the Battle of Tours on 10 October. After Duke Eudes's defeat, Aquitaine pledged allegiance formally to the new rising Carolingian dinasty, but still remained out of Frankish central rule until 768 (Duke Waifer defeated). There are no bishops mentioned during the whole 8th century in Bordeaux.

Under the Carolingians were appointed a series of Counts of Bordeaux who held the title concomitantly with that of Duke of Vasconia (Duke Seguin deposed in 816 for failing to suppress or sympathise with a Basque rebellion). They were meant to keep in check the Basques and defend the mouth of the Garonne from the Vikings when the latter appeared c. 844 in the region of Bordeaux. In Autumn 845, count Seguin II marched on the Vikings assaulting Bordeaux and Saintes but was captured and put to death.

From the 12th to the 15th century, Bordeaux regained importance following the marriage of Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine with the French-speaking Count Henri Plantagenet, born in Le Mans, who became, within months of their wedding, King Henry II of England. The city flourished, primarily due to wine trade, and the cathedral of St. André was built. It was also the capital of an independent state under Edward, the Black Prince (1362–1372), but in the end, after the Battle of Castillon (1453) it was annexed by France which extended its territory. The ''Château Trompette'' (Trumpet Castle) and the ''Fort du Hâ'', built by Charles VII of France, were the symbols of the new domination, which however deprived the city of its richness by halting the wine commerce with England.

In 1462, Bordeaux obtained a parliament, but regained importance only in the 16th century when it became the center of the distribution of sugar and slaves from the West Indies along with the traditional wine.

Bordeaux adhered to the Fronde, being effectively annexed to the Kingdom of France only in 1653, when the army of Louis XIV entered the city.

The 18th century was the golden age of Bordeaux. Many downtown buildings (about 5,000), including those on the quays, are from this period. Victor Hugo found the town so beautiful he once said: "take Versailles, add Antwerp, and you have Bordeaux". Baron Haussmann, a long-time prefect of Bordeaux, used Bordeaux's 18th century big-scale rebuilding as a model when he was asked by Emperor Napoleon III to transform a then still quasi-medieval Paris into a "modern" capital that would make France proud.

The French government relocated from Paris to Bordeaux very briefly during World War II, when it became apparent that Paris would soon fall into German hands (as in 1870 during war against Prussia and at the beginning of World War I). The French capital was soon moved again to Vichy.

From 1940 to 1943, the Italian Royal Navy (''Regia Marina Italiana'') established BETASOM, a submarine base at Bordeaux. Italian submarines participated in the Battle of the Atlantic from this base which was also a major base for German U-boats as headquarters of 12th U-boat Flotilla. The massive, reinforced concrete U-boat pens have proved impractical to demolish and are now partly used as a cultural centre for exhibitions.

Geography

Bordeaux is located close to the European Atlantic coast, in the southwest of France and in the north of the Aquitaine region. It is around southwest of Paris. The city is built on a bend of the river Garonne, and is divided into two parts: the right bank to the east and left bank in the west. Historically, the left bank is more developed. In Bordeaux, the Garonne River is accessible to ocean liners. The left bank of the Garonne is a low-lying, often marshy plain.

Climate

Bordeaux's climate is usually classified as an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification ''Cfb''); however, the summers tend to be warmer and the winters milder than most areas of similar classification. Substantial summer rainfall prevents its climate from being classified as Mediterranean.

Winters are mild because of the prevalence of westerly winds from the Atlantic. Summers are warm and long due to the influence from the Bay of Biscay (surface temperature reaches . The average seasonal winter temperature is , but recent winters have been warmer than this. The average summer seasonal temperature is , but every summer in the decade beginning 2001 has exceeded this average. The summer of 2003 set a record with an average temperature of .

Economy

Wine

Bordeaux has about of vineyards, 57 appellations, 10,000 wine-producing châteaux and 13,000 grape growers. With an annual production of approximately 960 million bottles, Bordeaux produces large quantities of everyday wine as well as some of the most expensive wines in the world. Included among the latter are the area's five ''premier cru'' (first growth) red wines (four from Médoc and one, Château Haut-Brion, from Graves), established by the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855: The first growths are:

Château Lafite-Rothschild

Château Margaux

Château Latour

Château Haut-Brion

Château Mouton-Rothschild^*

^*In 1855 Mouton-Rothschild was ranked a Second Growth. In 1973, it was elevated to First Growth status.

Both red and white wines are made in Bordeaux. Red Bordeaux is called claret in the United Kingdom. Red wines are generally made from a blend of grapes, and may be made from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit verdot, Malbec, and, less commonly in recent years, Carménère. White Bordeaux is made from Sauvignon blanc, Sémillon, and Muscadelle. Sauternes is a subregion of Graves known for its intensely sweet, white, dessert wines such as Château d'Yquem.

Because of a wine glut (wine lake) in the generic production, the price squeeze induced by an increasingly strong international competition, and vine pull schemes, the number of growers has recently dropped from 14,000 and the area under vine has also decreased significantly. In the meanwhile however, the global demand for the first growths and the most famous labels markedly increased and their prices skyrocketed.

Others

The Laser Mégajoule will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing fundamental research and the development of the laser and plasma technologies. This project, carried by the French Ministry of Defence, involves an investment of 2 billion euros. In 2009, the 600 experiments programmed each year with the Laser Mégajoule will begin. The "Road of the lasers", a major project of regional planning, promotes regional investment in optical and laser related industries leading to the Bordeaux area having the most important concentration of optical and laser expertise in Europe.

20,000 people work for the aeronautic industry in Bordeaux. The city has some of the biggest companies including Dassault, EADS Sogerma, Snecma, Thales, SNPE, and others. The Dassault Falcon private jets are built there as well as the military aircraft Rafale and Mirage 2000, the Airbus A380 cockpit, the boosters of Ariane 5, and the M51 SLBM missile.

Tourism is a major industry, especially concerning wine-making.

Access to the port from the Atlantic ocean is via the Gironde estuary. Almost 9 million tons of goods arrive and leave each year.

Major companies

This list includes both companies based in Bordeaux and outside companies with major operations in the city.

Arena

CDiscount

Dassault

EADS composites

EADS Sogerma

EADS Space Transportation

Lectra

LU

Marie Brizard

McKesson Corporation

Oxbow

Ricard

Sanofi Aventis

SMURFIT

SNECMA

SNPE

Solectron

Thales Group

William Pitters

Demographics

In the 1999 census, there were 215,363 inhabitants in the city (commune) of Bordeaux. The 2005 census showed a significant increase, as this figure reached 230,600 inhabitants. The majority of the population is French, but there are sizable groups of Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Turks, Germans and North Africans.. The built-up area has grown swiftly in recent years with urban sprawl.

Education

University

The university was created by the archbishop Pey Berland in 1441 and was abolished in 1793, during the French Revolution, before reappearing in 1808 with Napoleon I. Bordeaux accommodates approximately 70,000 students on one of the largest campuses of Europe (235 ha). The University of Bordeaux is divided into four:

The University Bordeaux 1 (Physical sciences and Technologies), 10,693 students in 2002

The University Bordeaux 2 (Medicine and Life sciences), 15,038 students in 2002

The University Bordeaux 3 (Liberal Arts, Humanities, Languages, History), 14,785 students in 2002

The University Bordeaux 4 (Law, Economy and Management). 12,556 students in 2002

===Schools=== Bordeaux has numerous public and private schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Engineering schools:

École nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers

École d'ingénieurs en modélisation mathématique et mécanique

École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, radiocommunications de Bordeaux

École supérieure de technologie des biomolécules de Bordeaux

École nationale d'ingénieurs des travaux agricoles de Bordeaux

École nationale supérieure de chimie et physique de Bordeaux

Institut des sciences et techniques des aliments de Bordeaux

Institut de cognitique

École supérieure d'informatique

École privée des sciences informatiques

Business and management schools:

IUT Techniques de Commercialisation of Bordeaux (Business School)

Bordeaux école de management (Bordeaux Management School)

EBP International

Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales (INSEEC)

École de commerce européenne

Other:

Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (Institute of political sciences)

École nationale de la magistrature (National school for Magistrate)

École du service de santé des armées

École d'architecture et de paysage de Bordeaux

École des beaux-arts de Bordeaux

École française des attachés de presse et des professionels de la communication (EFAP)

Conservatoire national des arts et métiers d'Aquitaine (CNAM)

Main sights

Bordeaux is classified "City of Art and History". The city has been inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as ''"an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble"''.

Bordeaux is home to one of Europe's biggest 18th century architectural urban areas, making it a sought-after destination for tourists and cinema production crews. It stands out as one of the first French cities, after Nancy, to have entered an era of urbanism and metropolitan big scale projects, with the team Gabriel father and son, architects for King Louis XV, under the supervision of two intendants (Governors), first Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur then the Marquis (Marquess) de Tourny.

Buildings

Main sights include:

''Esplanade des Quinconces'', one of the largest squares in France.

''Colonnes des Girondins''

''Grand Théâtre'', a large neoclassical theater built in the 18th century.

''Allées de Tourny''

''Cours de l'Intendance''

''Place du Chapelet''

''Pont de pierre''

''Saint-André Cathedral'', consecrated by Pope Urban II in 1096. Of the Original Romanesque edifice only a wall in the nave remain. The Royal Gate is from the early 13th century, while the rest of the construction is mostly from the 14th–15th centuries.

''Tour Pey Berland'' (1440–1450), a massive, quadrangular tower annexed to the cathedral.

''Église Sainte-Croix'' (Church of the Holy Cross). It lies on the site of a 7th century abbey destroyed by the Saracens. Rebuilt under the Carolingians, it was again destroyed by the Normans in 845 and 864. It is annexed to a Benedictine abbey founded in the 7th century, and was built in the late 11th-early 12th centuries. The façade is in Romanesque style

The gothic ''Basilica of Saint Michael'', constructed in the late 14th–15th centuries.

Basilica of ''Saint-Seurin'', the most ancient church in Bordeaux. It was built in the early 6th century on the site of a palaeochristian necropolis. It has an 11th century portico, while the apse and transept are from the following century. The 13th century nave has chapels from the 11th and the 14th centuries. The ancient crypt houses sepulchres of the Merovingian family.

''Palais Rohan'' (Exterior:)

''Palais Gallien'', the remains of a late second century Roman amphitheatre

''Porte Cailhau'', a gate of the old city walls.

''La Grosse Cloche'' (15th century) is the second remaining gate of the Medieval walls. It was the belfry of the old Town Hall. It consists of two 40 m-high circular towers and a central bell tower housing a bell weighing . The watch is from 1759.

''Église Saint-Éloi''

''Place de la Bourse''(1730–1775), designed by the Royal architect Jacques Ange Gabriel as landscape for an equestrian statue of Louis XV.

''Place du Parlement''

''Place Saint-Pierre''

''Rue Sainte-Catherine'', the longest and busiest street in the old town of Bordeaux.

The Betasom submarine base

Saint-André Cathedral, Saint-Michel Basilica and Saint-Seurin Basilica are part of the World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France.

Contemporary architecture

Fire Station, ''la Benauge'', Claude Ferret/Adrien Courtois/Yves Salier, 1951–1954

Court of first instance, Richard Rogers, 1998

CTBA, wood and furniture research centre, A. Loisier, 1998

Hangar 14 on the ''Quai des Chartrons'', 1999

The Management Science faculty on the Bastide, Anne Lacaton/Jean-Philippe Vassal, 2006

The ''Jardin botanique de la Bastide'', Catherine Mosbach/Françoise Hélène Jourda/Pascal Convert, 2007

The Nuyens School complex on the Bastide, Yves Ballot/Nathalie Franck, 2007

Seeko'o Hotel on the Quai des Chartrons, King Kong architects, 2007

Museums

Musée des Beaux Arts (''Fine arts museum''), one of the finest painting galleries in France

Musée d'Aquitaine

Musée du Vin et du Négoce

Musée des Arts Décoratifs

Musée d'Histoire Naturelle

CAPC

Musée National des Doines

Vinorama

Musée Goupil

Casa de Goya

Cap Sciences

Centre Jean Moulin

Parks and gardens

''Jardin botanique de Bordeaux''

''Jardin botanique de la Bastide''

''La Maison des Chameaux (Camel Park)''

Shopping

Bordeaux has many shopping options. In the heart of Bordeaux is ''Rue Sainte-Catherine''. This pedestrian only shopping street has of shops, restaurants and cafés; it is also one of the longest shopping streets in Europe. ''Rue Sainte-Catherine'' starts at ''Place de la Victoire'' and ends at ''Place de la Comédie'' by the ''Grand Théâtre''. The shops become progressively more upmarket as one moves towards ''Place de la Comédie'' and the nearby ''Cours de l'Intendance'' is where one finds the more exclusive shops and boutiques.

Culture

Bordeaux is also the first city in France to have created, in the 1980s, an architecture exhibition and research centre, ''Arc en rêve'', still the most prestigious in France besides Paris IFA. Bordeaux offers a large number of cinemas, theatres and is the home of the Opéra national de Bordeaux. There are many music venues of varying capacity. The city also offers several festivals throughout the year.

Transport

Road

Bordeaux is an important road and motorway junction. The city is connected to Paris by the A10 motorway, with Lyon by the A89, with Toulouse by the A62, and with Spain by the A63. There is a ring road called the "Rocade" which is often very busy. The building of another ring road is under consideration.

Bordeaux has four road bridges that cross the Garonne, the Pont de pierre built in the 1820s and three modern bridges built after 1960: the Pont Saint Jean, just south of the Pont de pierre (both located downtown), the Pont d'Aquitaine, a suspended bridge downstream from downtown, and the Pont François Mitterrand, located upstream of downtown. These two bridges are part of the ring road around Bordeaux. There is also a railway bridge, completed in 2008(??).

Rail

The main railway station, Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean, near the centre of the city, has 4 million passengers a year. It is served by the French national (SNCF) railway's high speed train, the TGV, that gets to Paris in three hours, with connections to major European centres such as Lille, Brussels, Amsterdam, Cologne, Geneva and London. The TGV also serves Toulouse and Irun from Bordeaux. A regular train service is provided to Nantes, Nice, Marseille and Lyon. The Gare Saint-Jean is the major hub for regional trains (TER) operated by the SNCF to Arcachon, Limoges, Agen, Périgueux, Pau and Bayonne.

Historically the train line used to terminate at a station on the right bank of the river Garonne near the Pont de Pierre, and passengers crossed the bridge to get into the city. Subsequently a single track steel railway bridge was constructed in the 1850s, by Gustave Eiffel, to bring trains across the river direct into Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean. The old station was later converted and in 2010 comprised a cinema and restaurants.

The single track Eiffel bridge became a bottleneck and a new bridge was built, opening in 2008(??). During the planning there was much lobbying by the Eiffel family and other supporters to preserve the old bridge as a footbridge across the Garonne, with possibly a museum to document the history of the bridge and Gustav Eiffel's contribution. The decision was taken to save the bridge, but by early 2010 no plans had been announced as to its future use. The bridge remains intact, but unused and without any means of access.

Air

Bordeaux is served by an international airport, Aéroport de Bordeaux Mérignac, located from the city centre in the suburban city of Mérignac.

Trams, buses and boats

Bordeaux has an important public transport system called Tram et Bus de la CUB (TBC). This company is run by the Keolis group. The network consists of:

3 tram lines (A, B and C)

75 bus routes, all connected to the tramway network (from 1 to 96)

13 night bus routes (from 1 to 16)

An electric bus shuttle in the city centre

A boat shuttle on the Garonne river

This network is operated from 5 am to 1 am.

There had been several plans for a subway network to be set up, but they stalled for both geological and financial reasons. Work on the Tramway de Bordeaux system was started in the autumn of 2000, and services started in December 2003 connecting Bordeaux with its suburban areas. The tram system uses ground-level power supply technology (APS), a new cable-free technology developed by French company Alstom and designed to preserve the aesthetic environment by eliminating overhead cables in the historic city. Conventional overhead cables are used outside the city. The system was controversial for its considerable cost of installation, maintenance and also for the numerous initial technical problems that paralysed the network. Many streets and squares along the tramway route became pedestrian areas, with limited access for cars.

Taxi

There are more than 400 taxicabs in Bordeaux.

Sport

The Stade Chaban-Delmas is the largest stadium. It can host 35000 spectators. There are two major sport teams in Bordeaux:

''Girondins de Bordeaux'' is the football team. It is part of the Ligue 1 in the French football championship.

The ''USB-CABBG'' (Union de Stade Bordelais – Club Athlétique Bordeaux-Bègles) team is part of the Pro D2 (Second Division) of the Rugby Union Ligue Nationale de Rugby.

Bordeaux is the home of one of the strongest cricket teams in France and are the current champions of the South West League.

There is a wooden velodrome, Vélodrome du Lac, in Bordeaux which hosts international cycling competition in the form of UCI Track Cycling World Cup events.

Miscellaneous

Births

Bordeaux was the birthplace of:

Bertrand Andrieu (1761–1822), engraver

Jean Anouilh (1910–1987), dramatist

Yvonne Arnaud (1892–1958), actress

Decimus Magnus Ausonius (c. 310–395), Roman poet and rhetorician

Floyd Ayité, footballer

Jonathan Ayité, footballer

François Bigot (1703–1778), last "Intendant" of New France

Samuel Boutal, footballer

Edmond de Caillou (d.c.February 1316) Gascon knight fighting in Scotland

René Clément (1913–1996), actor, director, writer

Jean Alexandre Cohen (1920–2001), vintner, politician

Jean-René Cruchet (1875–1959), pathologist

Damia (1899–1978), singer

Lili Damita (1901–1994), actress

Frédéric Daquin, footballer

Danielle Darrieux (born 1917), actress

David Diop, poet

Jacques Ellul (1912–1994), sociologist, theologian, Christian anarchist

Marie Fel (1713–1794), opera singer

Jérôme Gnako, footballer

Eugène Goossens (1867–1958), conductor, violinist

Lucenzo (born 1983), singer

Bruno Marie-Rose, athlete

François Mauriac (1885–1970), writer, Nobel laureate

Édouard Molinaro (born 1928), film director, producer

Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592), essayist

Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty (1768–1815), general

Pierre Palmade (born 1968), actor, author

St. Paulinus of Nola (354–431), educator, religious figure

Georges Antoine Pons Rayet (1839–1906), astronomer, discoverer of the Wolf-Rayet stars, & founder of the Bordeaux Observatory

Richard II of England (1367–1400)

Pierre Rode (1774–1830), violinist

Jean-Jacques Sempé (born 1932), cartoonist

Florent Serra, tennis player

Philippe Sollers, writer

Wilfried Tekovi, footballer

International relationship

Twin towns – sister cities

Bordeaux is twinned with:

* Bristol, United Kingdom, since 1947

* Lima, Peru, since 1957

* Quebec City, Canada, since 1962

* Munich, Germany, since 1964

* Los Angeles, United States, since 1968

Porto, Portugal, since 1978

* Fukuoka, Japan, since 1982

* Bilbao, Spain

* Madrid, Spain, since 1984

* Ashdod, Israel, since 1984

* Baku, Azerbaijan, since 1985

* Casablanca, Morocco, since 1988

* Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1993

* Wuhan, China, since 1998

* Oran, Algeria, since 2003

* Zahlé, Lebanon, since 2006

Partnerships

	* Kraków, Poland, since 1993	* Riga, Latvia	* Samsun, Turkey, since 2010

See also

Archdiocese of Bordeaux

Battle of Bordeaux, an informal name for the World Cup football match between Brazil and Czechoslovakia on 12 June 1938 in Bordeaux

Bordeaux–Paris, a former professional road bicycle racing

Bordeaux wine regions

Canelé, a local pastry

Dogue de Bordeaux, a breed of dog originally bred for dog fighting

French wine

List of mayors of Bordeaux

Operation Frankton, a British Combined Operations raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour, in December 1942, during World War II

References

Notes

External links

Bordeaux city council website

Tourist office website

Phonebook of Bordeaux

Bordeaux submarine base : history, description, photos

Official Girondins de Bordeaux website

Sciences Po Bordeaux

Tram and bus maps and schedules

Bordeaux Wine official website

Map & City guide website

German submarine base in Bordeaux

Category:Communes of Gironde

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name	Zachary Quinto
birth name	Zachary John Quinto
birth date	June 02, 1977
birth place	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
occupation	Actor
yearsactive	2000–present
website	http://www.zacharyquinto.com/ }}

Zachary John Quinto (born June 2, 1977) is an American actor primarily known for playing Sylar on ''Heroes'' and Spock in the 2009 film ''Star Trek''.

Early life

Quinto, who is of half-Italian and half-Irish descent, was born in Pittsburgh and grew up in Green Tree, Pennsylvania, with his mother Margo and his brother Joe. His father, John, who was a barber, died of cancer when Quinto was 7 years old. He graduated from Central Catholic High School in 1995 with NFL Quarterback Mark Bulger, where he participated in their musicals and won the Gene Kelly Award for Best Supporting Actor, and then attended Carnegie Mellon University's School of Drama, from which he graduated in 1999..

Career

Quinto first appeared on television in the short-lived television series ''The Others'', and appeared as a guest star on shows including ''CSI'', ''Touched by an Angel'', ''Charmed'', ''Six Feet Under'', ''Lizzie McGuire'', and ''L.A. Dragnet''. In 2003, he landed a recurring role as computer expert Adam Kaufman on the Fox series ''24''; Quinto appeared in 23 episodes of the third season.

In 2006, Quinto played the role of Sasan, the haughty, gay Iranian-American best friend of Tori Spelling on her VH1 series ''So NoTORIous''. Later that year, he joined the cast of ''Heroes'' as Gabriel Gray, better known as the serial killer Sylar.

His casting as a young Spock in the J. J. Abrams-directed reboot of the ''Star Trek'' film franchise was officially announced at the 2007 Comic-Con. Speaking alongside Leonard Nimoy at a press conference to promote the new ''Star Trek'' film, Quinto revealed that Nimoy had been given casting approval over who would play the role of the young Spock. "For me Leonard's involvement was only liberating, frankly," says Quinto. "I knew that he had approval over the actor that would play young Spock, so when I got the role I knew from the beginning it was with his blessing."

In a September 2008 interview, ''Star Trek'' director J. J. Abrams said of Quinto's performance as Spock: "Zachary brought a gravity and an incredible sense of humor, which is a wonderful combination because Spock's character is deceivingly complicated. The revelation for me watching the movie, when I finally got to watch the whole thing after working on sequences, was that he is extraordinary. He was doing things I didn't even realize while we were shooting – these amazing things to track his story."

Following ''Star Trek'', he appeared in the comedy short ''Boutonniere'' (2009). It "...was a movie written and directed by my former landlady and friend [actress Coley Sohn]. She called up and said, 'Would you do me a favor and be in my short film?'"

Quinto has joined with Corey Moosa and Neal Dodson to form Before the Door Pictures. The company is working on projects in film, television, new media, and the graphic novel arena. It announced a three-book publishing deal with comic book publisher Archaia at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con. The first project from the partnership is expected to be a 100-page graphic novel called ''Mr. Murder is Dead'', created by writer Victor Quinaz. It will be followed by the comic book series ''LUCID: A Matthew Dee Adventure'' written by writer/actor Michael McMillian.

Quinto's theatre experience includes roles in a variety of productions, including ''Much Ado About Nothing'' at the Los Angeles Shakespeare Festival and ''Intelligent Design of Jenny Chow'' at the Old Globe Theatre. Baseline Studio Systems announced in January 2010 that Steven Spielberg may direct a biopic about George Gershwin, which is scheduled for release in 2012, with Quinto confirmed for the lead role. Opening October 29, 2010, Quinto plays the lead role of Louis Ironson in an Off-Broadway revival of Tony Kushner's "Angels in America" at the Signature Theatre, New York, NY. He has modeled for magazines including ''GQ''.

Film and television

;2000

''The Others'' (episode "Unnamed") as Tony

;2001

''Touched by an Angel'' (episode "When Sunny Gets Blue") as Mike

''An American Town'' as Bennett

;2002

''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' (episode "Anatomy of a Lye") as Mitchell Sullivan

''Off Centre'' (episode "Diddler on the Roof") as Smudge

''Lizzie McGuire'' (episode "Party Over Here") as Director

''Haunted'' (episode "Grievous Angels") as Paul Kingsley

''The Agency'' (episode "Air Lex") as Jay Lambert

;2003

''Six Feet Under'' (episode "The Eye Inside") as Hip Student

''Charmed'' (episode "Cat House") as Warlock

''Miracles'' (episode "Battle at Shadow Ridge") as Messenger

''24'' (2003–2004) (23 episodes) as Adam Kaufman

;2004

''Dragnet'' (episode "Frame of Mind") as Howard Simms

''Hawaii'' (episode "No Man Is an Island") as Loomis

''Joan of Arcadia'' (episode "P.O.V.") as Pretentious Filmmaker God

;2005

''Blind Justice'' (episode "In Your Face") as Scott Collins

;2006

''Crossing Jordan'' (episode "Code of Ethics") as Leo Fulton, Jr

''Twins'' (episode "When I Move, You Move") as Jason

''So NoTORIous'' (10 episodes) as Sasan

''Heroes'' (2006–2010) (60 episodes) as Gabriel Gray/Sylar

;2008

''Robot Chicken'' (episode "Bionic Cow") as Archimedes Q. Porter / Sylar (voice)

;2009

''Star Trek'' as Spock

''Boutonniere'' as Michael Paul David (short film)

''Hostage: A Love Story'' as Gunman (short film)

;2010

''Before After'' (short films)

;2011

''Margin Call'' as Peter Sullivan

''Girl Walks Into a Bar'' as Nick

''What's Your Number?'' as Jack ''Jimmy'' Quinton

;2012

''Untitled Star Trek sequel'' as Spock

References

External links

Zachary Quinto on Twitter

Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American people of Italian descent

ar:زاكري كوينتو an:Zachary Quinto ca:Zachary John Quinto cs:Zachary Quinto da:Zachary Quinto de:Zachary Quinto es:Zachary Quinto eo:Zachary Quinto fa:زاکاری کوئینتو fr:Zachary Quinto ko:재커리 퀸토 id:Zachary Quinto it:Zachary Quinto he:זאכרי קווינטו jv:Zachary Quinto hu:Zachary Quinto nl:Zachary Quinto ja:ザカリー・クイント no:Zachary Quinto pl:Zachary Quinto pt:Zachary Quinto ru:Куинто, Закари sk:Zachary Quinto fi:Zachary Quinto sv:Zachary Quinto th:แซกคารี ควินโต tr:Zachary Quinto uk:Закарі Квінто zh:沙查·昆圖

name	James Beeland Rogers, Jr.
birth date	October 19, 1942
birth place	Baltimore, Maryland, USA
occupation	investor, financial commentator, and author
alma mater	Balliol College, OxfordYale University
website	www.jimrogers.com
footnotes	}}

James Beeland Rogers, Jr. (born October 19, 1942) is an American investor, financial commentator, and author based in Singapore. He is chairman of Rogers Holdings and Beeland Interests, Inc. He was the co-founder of the Quantum Fund with George Soros and creator of the Rogers International Commodities Index (RICI).

Rogers is an outspoken proponent of the free market, but he does not consider himself a member of any school of thought. Rogers acknowledged, however, that his views best fit the label of Austrian School of economics.

Biography

Rogers was born in Baltimore, Maryland and raised in Demopolis, Alabama. He started in business at the age of five by selling peanuts and by picking up empty bottles that fans left behind at baseball games. He got his first job on Wall Street, at Dominick & Dominick, after graduating with a bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1964. Rogers then acquired a second BA degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Balliol College, Oxford University in 1966.

In 1970, Rogers joined Arnhold and S. Bleichroder. In 1973, Rogers co-founded the Quantum Fund with George Soros. During the following 10 years, the portfolio gained 4200% while the S&P; advanced about 47%. The Quantum Fund was one of the first truly international funds.

In 1980, Rogers decided to "retire", and spent some of his time traveling on a motorcycle around the world. Since then, he has been a guest professor of finance at the Columbia University Graduate School of Business.

In 1989 and 1990, Rogers was the moderator of WCBS' ''The Dreyfus Roundtable'' and FNN's ''The Profit Motive with Jim Rogers''. From 1990 to 1992, he traveled through China again, as well as around the world, on motorcycle, over 100,000 miles (160,000 km) across six continents, which was picked up in the ''Guinness Book of World Records''. He tells of his adventures and worldwide investments in ''Investment Biker'', a bestselling investment book.

In 1998, Rogers founded the Rogers International Commodity Index. In 2007, the index and its three sub-indices were linked to exchange-traded notes under the banner ELEMENTS. The notes track the total return of the indices as an accessible way to invest in the index. Rogers is an outspoken advocate of agriculture investments and, in addition to the Rogers Commodity Index, is involved with two direct, farmland investment funds - Agrifirma, based in Brazil, and Agcapita Farmland Investment Partnership, based in Canada.

Between January 1, 1999 and January 5, 2002, Rogers did another Guinness World Record journey through 116 countries, covering 245,000 kilometers with his wife, Paige Parker, in a custom-made Mercedes. The trip began in Iceland, which was about to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of Leif Eriksson's first trip to America. On January 5, 2002, they were back in New York City and their home on Riverside Drive. His route around the world can be viewed on his website, jimrogers.com. He wrote ''Adventure Capitalist'' following this around-the-world adventure. It is currently his bestselling book.

On his return in 2002, Rogers became a regular guest on Fox News' ''Cavuto on Business'' which airs every Saturday. In 2005, Rogers wrote ''Hot Commodities: How Anyone Can Invest Profitably in the World's Best Market''. In this book, Rogers quotes a ''Financial Analysts Journal'' academic paper co-authored by Yale School of Management professor, Geert Rouwenhorst, entitled ''Facts and Fantasies about Commodity Futures''. Rogers contends this paper shows that commodities investment is one of the best investments over time, which is a concept somewhat at odds with conventional investment thinking.

In December 2007, Rogers sold his mansion in New York City for about 16 million USD and moved to Singapore. Rogers claimed that he moved because now is a ground-breaking time for investment potential in Asian markets. Rogers's first daughter is now being tutored in Mandarin to prepare her for the future. He is quoted as saying: "If you were smart in 1807 you moved to London, if you were smart in 1907 you moved to New York City, and if you are smart in 2007 you move to Asia." In a CNBC interview with Maria Bartiromo broadcast on May 5, 2008, Rogers said that people in China are extremely motivated and driven, and he wants to be in that type of environment, so his daughters are motivated and driven. He also stated that this is how America and Europe used to be. He chose not to move to Chinese cities like Hong Kong or Shanghai due to the high levels of pollution causing potential health problems for his family; hence, he chose Singapore. He has also advocated investing in certain smaller Asian frontier markets such as Sri Lanka and Cambodia, and currently serves as an Advisor to Leopard Capital’s Leopard Sri Lanka Fund. However, he is not fully bullish on all Asian nations, as he remains skeptical of India's future - "India as we know it will not survive another 30 or 40 years". In 2008 Rogers endorsed Ron Paul for President of the United States.

Rogers has two daughters with Paige Parker. Hilton Augusta(nicknamed Happy) was born in 2003, and their second daughter Beeland Anderson in 2008. His latest book, ''A Gift To My Children'', contains lessons in life for his daughters as well as investment advice and was published in 2009.

On November 4, 2010, at Oxford University’s Balliol College, he urged students to scrap career plans for Wall Street or the City, London’s financial district, and to study agriculture and mining instead. “The power is shifting again from the financial centers to the producers of real goods. The place to be is in commodities, raw materials, natural resources."

In February 2011 Rogers announced that he has started a new index fund which focuses on "the top companies in agriculture, mining, metals and energy sectors as well as those in the alternative energy space including solar, wind and hydro." The index is called The Rogers Global Resources Equity Index and the best and most liquid companies, according to Rogers, go into the index.

Books

1995: ''Investment Biker: Around the World with Jim Rogers''. - ISBN 1-55850-529-6

2003: ''Adventure Capitalist: The Ultimate Road Trip''. - ISBN 0375509127

2004: ''Hot Commodities: How Anyone Can Invest Profitably in the World's Best Market''. - ISBN 140006337X

2007: ''A Bull in China: Investing Profitably in the World's Greatest Market''. - ISBN 1400066166

2009: ''A Gift to My Children: A Father's Lessons For Life And Investing''. - ISBN 1400067545

Further reading

External links

The Millennium Adventure, Official Jim Rogers website

The Rogers International Commodity Index A site for information on the RICI

The Jim Rogers Blog

;Articles

"An Early Christmas for Jim Rogers". - ''BusinessWeek'' - December 8, 2004.

"Invest In Commodities – and Keep Your Shirt". - November 23, 2006.

"We Want Our Kids To Learn Chinese". - MySinchew. - July 19, 2008. - (article about Rogers' life in Singapore)

"Adventure Capitalist". - ''PODER Magazine''. - April 2010.

;Interviews

Curated Interview With Jim Rogers From Market Wizards

Jim Rogers on the British Pound, US Dollar, And China

Jim Rogers, The Adventure Capitalist

Jim Rogers and George Soros Started the Quantum Fund

rediff.com: The Money Interview/Jim Rogers, investor, globetrotter

Financial Sense Newshour's Ask The Expert: Jim Rogers:

*2003.

*May 6, 2004.

Riverside Conversations: a 3 Part TV Series with Marc Faber

SCMP video interview, September 8, 2008.

Investors Chronicle interview. - (on the decline of the US/Europe, emerging markets, commodities). - November 2008.

Bloomberg Night Talk interview. - November 24, 2008.

Jim Rogers on The Lew Rockwell Show:

*"The Crash of '08". - December 12, 2008. - (*.MP3 audio)

*"Economic Advice to My Children (and You)". - May 17, 2009. - (*.MP3 audio)

Bloomberg TV Jim Rogers Special. - December 24, 2008.

''TIME'' Q&A;: Jim Rogers:

*April 28, 2009.

*October 31, 2008.

Interview from March 2009 on Channel 4

Jim Rogers Sat 3 Interview German TV Sat 3

References

Category:Austrian School economists Category:1942 births Category:American investors Category:American money managers Category:Living people Category:Hedge fund managers Category:Financial analysts Category:Stock traders Category:Stock and commodity market managers Category:Columbia Business School faculty Category:Yale University alumni Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Category:People from Demopolis, Alabama

zh-min-nan:Jim Rogers de:Jim Rogers fr:Jim Rogers it:Jim Rogers he:ג'ים רוג'רס lt:Jim Rogers nl:Jim Rogers ja:ジム・ロジャーズ no:Jim Rogers sv:Jim Rogers zh:占·羅傑斯

name	Selah Sue
background	solo_singer
birth name	Sanne Putseys
born	May 03, 1989
origin	Leefdaal, Belgium
genre	Reggae, soul
occupation	Musician
instrument	Guitar, Vocals
website	www.selahsue.com }}

Selah Sue, (born Sanne Putseys, 3 May 1989) is a Belgian musician and songwriter. Her first EP was released in 2008, under the title ''Black Part Love''. It contains five songs.

Background

Sanne Putseys was born in Leuven, but originates from the nearby Belgian town Leefdaal. At the age of fifteen, Sanne Putseys learned to play the acoustic guitar and started to write her own songs as well. When she was seventeen, Selah Sue performed as the youngest and only female artist at the open-song contest ''Open Mic-avond'' at ''Het Depot'' in Leuven. Organizer and singer Milow (born Jonathan Vandenbroeck) had noticed her talents and asked her to perform in his supporting programme. Initially, Sanne Putseys managed to work out her musical career path while studying psychology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. According to her, studying psychology helped her to understand more about human emotions, which also is something that she has to deal with in her musical activities. Eventually, she continued doing warm-up performances in collaboration with artists such as Jamie Lidell in London and Paris. Furthermore, she played with the Belgian band Novastar at the Paradiso in Amsterdam. From September 2008 until August 2009, Selah Sue received some curricular guidance from the Belgian musical theater Ancienne Belgique. The programme, in which she was involved there, has been set up to support promising artists who aren't associated with any record company or other kinds of managing assistance.

Selah Sue often covers songs of Erykah Badu and The Zutons, but she does appear to assemble a whole range of her own songs. Two of her well-known songs are "Mommy" and "Black part love", both of which are carried out acoustically. She says to be influenced by artists such as Lauryn Hill, M.I.A. and Erykah Badu.

In 2009, Selah Sue attended the stages of the North Sea Jazz Festival and that of the Lowlands. Additionally, she regularly appears on TV shows such as ''De Wereld Draait Door'' on Dutch television and several other Flemish TV shows.

In 2010, she played most of the biggest festivals in Belgium, including Les Nuits Botanique, Les Ardentes, Dour, Lokerse Feesten, Couleur Café and Pukkelpop. But also outside her native country in big festivals such as Lowlands (Netherlands) and Les Eurockéennes de Belfort (France). On November 8, 2010 she played a support appearance for Prince on his Sportpaleis concert. She then went on a mostly sold out headlining show in Belgium, France and the Netherlands, presenting her forthcoming debut album.

She appears on Cee Lo Green's 2010 album ''The Lady Killer'', duetting with him on "Please".

Discography

Studio albums

{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album details ! scope="col" colspan="5"| Peak Chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Certifications |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL (FLA) ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL (WAL) ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|NL ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|FRA ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|SWI |- ! scope="row" | ''Selah Sue'' |

Released: 4 March 2011

Label: Because Music

Format: CD, Digital download

| 1 || 1 || 2 || 10 || 32 |align=left| BEL: 2x Platinum |- |}

Extended plays

2008: ''Black Part Love''

2010: ''Raggamuffin''

Singles

{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Year ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Single ! scope="col" colspan="4"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL (FLA) ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL (WAL) ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|NL ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|FRA |- | 2010 ! scope="row"| "Raggamuffin" | 29 || 16 || 81 || 18 |rowspan="3"| ''Selah Sue'' |- |rowspan="2"| 2011 ! scope="row"| "Crazy Vibes" | 21 || 26 || 56 || — |- ! scope="row"| "This World" | 2 || 15 || — || 47 |}

References

External links

Official website

Myspace

Category:1989 births Category:Living people Category:Belgian female singers

de:Selah Sue fr:Selah Sue nl:Selah Sue

name	SM Town
background	group_or_band
origin	Seoul, South Korea
genre	Pop, dance, a cappella, R&B;
years active	1999–present
label	S.M. Entertainment
website	smtown.com
current members	SHINeeThe BlueYoo Young-jinKangtaSong Kwang-sikBoAPark Hee-bonHyun JinIsakChoo Ka YulTRAXTVXQThe GraceSuper JuniorSuper Junior MZhang LiyinIconiqGirls' Generation f(x) Nadia Tin Tin Five SM The Ballad
past members	H.O.T.S.E.S.ShinhwaFly to the SkyM.I.L.KShinviIsak N JiyeonBlack Beat
notable instruments	}}

SM Town (stylized as SMTown) is the project name used by S.M. Entertainment for their vacation compilation albums. SM Town consists of current recording artists under the company.

Discography

Albums

! Albums	! Release Dates
	December 15, 1999
	December 8, 2000
''Christmas Winter Vacation in SMTown.com – Angel Eyes''	December 4, 2001
''Summer Vacation in SMTown.com''	June 10, 2002
''2002 Winter Vacation in SMTown.com – My Angel My Light''	December 6, 2002
''2003 Summer Vacation in SMTown.com''	June 18, 2003
''2003 Winter Vacation in SMTown.com''	December 8, 2003
''2004 Summer Vacation in SMTown.com''	July 2, 2004
''2006 Summer SMTown''	June 20, 2006
''2006 Winter SMTown – Snow Dream''	December 12, 2006
''2007 Summer SMTown – Fragile''	July 5, 2007
''2007 Winter SMTown – Only Love''	December 10, 2007
''2009 Summer SMTown – We Are Shining''	August 14, 2009

Tours

2002 SM China

Smile Concert 2003

2007 SMTown Summer Concert

SMTown Live '08

SMTown Live '09 (cancelled)

SMTown Live '10 World Tour

References

External links

SM Entertainment's Official Site SM Entertainment's Official Japanese Site

Category:K-pop music groups Category:Musical groups established in 1999 Category:South Korean pop music groups

es:SM Town ko:SM TOWN tl:SM Town zh:SM Town