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Yemen
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Al-Akhdam
Al-Akhdam or Akhdam (singular Khadem, meaning "servant" in Arabic; also called Al-Muhamasheen, "the marginalized ones") are a social group in Yemen distinct from the majority by their more African features. As a low caste group, they are discriminated against and mostly confined to menial jobs. According to official estimates, they numbered around 500.000 in 2004, while other estimates put their number as high as more than 1 million in 2007 (out of a total Yemeni population of 22 million).
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Ali Abdullah Saleh
His Excellency Ali Abdullah Saleh (; born March 21, 1946) Saleh is the first and current President of Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) from 1978 until 1990, when he assumed office of president of Republic of Yemen (North & South Yemen). He is the longest-serving president of Yemen, ruling for more than 32 years and counting.
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Arab
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Arab Singaporean
The majority of the Arabs in Singapore are Hadhramis tracing their ancestry from the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula called Hadhramaut, which is now part of the Republic of Yemen. The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen PDRY was formed on 30 November 1967 when it achieved independence after 129 years of British rule. Some of the people living there are known as “Hadhramis”. The land there is mostly desert region. The fertile areas, suitable for cultivation, are small and concentrated in the wadi region. This harsh natural environment drove the Hadhramis to travel out of the area to trade and acquire the necessary items they needed. They had travelled to and engaged in trade in several areas: Hyderabad, India (before 1947), Dar-es-Salaam and East Africa as well as Malaya and the Netherlands East Indies.
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Arwa al-Sulayhi
Arwa al-Sulayhi ( ʾArwà bint ʾAḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Jaʿafar bin Mūsà al-Ṣulayḥī al-ʾIsmāʿīliyyä, c. 1048–1138) was the long-reigning ruler of Yemen, firstly through her first two husbands and then as sole ruler, from 1067 until her death in 1138. She was the greatest of the rulers of the Sulayhid Dynasty and was also the first woman to be accorded the prestigious title of hujja in Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam, signifying her as the closest living image of God's will in her lifetime. She is popularly referred to as Sayyida Hurra ( al-Sayyidä al-Ḥurrä, 'the Noble Lady'), Hurra Malika ( ''al-Ḥurrätu 'l-Malikä'', 'the Noble Queen') and the Little Queen of Sheba ( Malikät Sabāʾ Qalīlā).
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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David Petraeus
David Howell Petraeus (; born November 7, 1952) is a United States Army general who serves as the current Commander, International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
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Gerad Ali Dable
Gerad Ali Dable (, ) was the 7th Sultan of the Warsangali Sultanate from 1491–1503.
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Himyarite Kingdom
The Himyarite Kingdom or Himyar (in Arabic مملكة حِمْيَر mamlakat ħimyâr), anciently called Homerite Kingdom by the Greeks and the Romans, was a state in ancient Yemen dating from 110 BC taking the modern day city of Sanaa as its capital after the ancient city of Zafar. It conquered neighbouring Saba (Sheba) in c.25 BC, Qataban in c.200 CE and Hadramaut c.300 CE. Its political fortunes relative to Saba changed frequently until it finally conquered the Sabaean Kingdom around 280 CE.
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Jürgen Chrobog
Jürgen Chrobog (born February 28, 1940) is a German jurist and diplomat.
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Lists of Yemenis
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Marco Polo
Marco Polo (; ) (c. 1254 – January 8, 1324) was a Christian merchant from the Venetian Republic who wrote Il Milione, which introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned, and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married and had 3 children. He died in 1324, and was buried in San Lorenzo.
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Muhammad
Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh (; ; also spelled Muhammed or Mohammed) (ca. 570/571 Mecca[مَكَةَ ]/[ مَكَهْ ] – June 8, 632), was the founder of the religion of Islam, and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets, and, by most Muslims, the last prophet as taught by the . Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets. He was also active as a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, military general, and, according to Muslim belief, an agent of divine action. In Michael H. Hart's The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, Muhammad is described as the most influential person in history. Hart asserted that Muhammad was "supremely successful" in both the religious and secular realms.
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Nabil Hasan al-Faqih
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Ottoman Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
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Sabaean
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Semitic
In linguistics and ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical "Shem", Hebrew: שם, translated as "name", Arabic: ساميّ) was first used to refer to a language family of largely Middle Eastern origin, now called the Semitic languages.
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sharif
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Sheba
Sheba (Arabic: سبأ, Sabaʼ, Hebrew: שבא, ''Sh'va'', Ge'ez, Amharic, Tigrinya: ሳባ, Saba) was a kingdom mentioned in the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) and the Qur'an. The actual location of the historical kingdom is disputed, with modern evidence tending toward Yemen in southern Arabia, but other scholars argue for a location in either present-day Eritrea or Ethiopia. Since the two territories are separated by a narrow channel it is possible that at various times the kingdom included territory in both Yemen and Ethiopia, and may be equated with the Sabean kingdom.
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Somali Civil War
The Somali Civil War is an ongoing civil war taking place in Somalia. The conflict, which began in 1991, has caused destabilisation and instability throughout the country, with the current phase of the conflict seeing the Somali government losing substantial control of the state to rebel forces.
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Somali people
Ethnic group
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Yemeni British
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Yemeni-American
Yemeni Americans are citizens of the United States of Yemeni ancestry. Although it is unknown when Yemenis first arrived, it is believed that Yemenis were immigrating to the U.S. after 1869, and are recorded in the 1890s. Some Yemenis gained U.S. citizenship by fighting in World War I and WW 2. Yemenis immigrants settled in existing Lebanese communities in cities like New York. They were outcast as Muslims, as the Lebanese communities were predominately Christian, as were Syrian and Palestinian communities. After becoming situated, many Yemenis traveled westward for better job opportunities. They worked in factories in the Midwest and on farms in the San Joaquin Valley in California. There are also American Jews of Yemeni ancestry, mostly whose parents or ancestors came to the U.S. via Israel. Large Yemeni communities exist in cities such as Brooklyn; Buffalo, New York; Dearborn, Michigan and Oakland, California. According to the 2000 US Census Bureau, there are 11,683 Yemenis in the United States. In June 2007, established the Yemeni American Net, a web-site dedicated to bring a view to the world on the Yemeni Americans. One year later, a newspaper was established as the Yemeni American News.
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Yusuf Ali Kenadid
Yusuf Ali Kenadid (, ) was a Somali ruler, and the founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo in the 1880s.
http://wn.com/Yusuf_Ali_Kenadid
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'Adan Governorate
'Adan () is a governorate of Yemen, including the city of Aden. The ancient capital, the port city of Crater, was located here.
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'Amran
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'Amran Governorate
'Amran () is a governorate of Yemen.
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Abyan
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Abyan Governorate
Abyan () is a governorate of Yemen. The Abyan region was historically part of the Fadhli Sultanate. It was a base to the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army terrorist group. Its capital is the city of Zinjibar.
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Ad Dali'
Ad Dali' () is a capital town of Ad Dali' Governorate, southwestern Yemen. It is located at around , in the elevation of around 1500 metres.
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Ad Dali' Governorate
Ad Dali' () is a governorate of Yemen.
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Aden
Aden (; , ) is a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some 170 kilometres east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a low isthmus. This harbour, Front Bay, was first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the 5th and 7th centuries BC. The modern harbour is on the other side of the peninsula.
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Al Bayda', Yemen
Al Bayda', also transliterated as Al-Baidhah or Beida (), not to be mixed with al-Bayda' in al-Jawf, anciently Nashqum) is a town in central Yemen, in the Governorate of Al Bayda'. It is located 130 miles SE of Sanaa, at .
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Al Jawf Governorate
Al Jawf () is a governorate of Yemen.
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Al-Ghaydah
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Al-Hudaydah
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Al-Mukalla
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Arab League
{{Infobox Country
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Ataq
Ataq (alternately spelled Attaq) is the capital of Shabwah Governorate in Yemen. Ataq is 458 km south east of Sana'a. It's population was around 37,315 according to a 2004 census.
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Bab el Mandeb
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
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California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Dearborn, Michigan
Dearborn is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in the Detroit metropolitan area and Wayne County, and is the tenth largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, it had a population of 97,775. The city is the hometown of Henry Ford and the world headquarters of the Ford Motor Company. It has a campus of the University of Michigan as well as Henry Ford Community College.
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Dhamar Governorate
Dhamar or Thamar () is a governorate of Yemen. It is located to the south and southeast of Sana'a Governorate, to the north of Ibb Governorate, to the east of Al Hudaydah Governorate and to the northwest of Al Bayda' Governorate in the central highlands of Yemen. It has a total areas of and an estimated population of around one and a half million.
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Dhamar, Yemen
Dhamar () is a city in southwestern Yemen. It is located at around , in the elevation of around 2400 metres.
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Dhofar
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dinosaur
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Djibouti
Djibouti ( Jībūtī), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
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Egypt
Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
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Eritrea
Eritrea ( or ; Ge'ez: , Arabic: إرتريا Iritrīyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the North East of Africa. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are part of Eritrea. Its size is just under with an estimated population of 5 million.
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Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Gulf of Aden
The Gulf of Aden (; transliterated: ''Khalīj 'Adan'', ) is located in the Arabian Sea between Yemen, on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and Somalia in the Horn of Africa. In the northwest, it connects with the Red Sea through the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, which is about 20 miles wide.
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Hadhramaut
Hadhramaut, Hadhramout, Hadramawt or Ḥaḍramūt ( ') is a historical region of the south Arabian Peninsula along the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Sea, extending eastwards from Yemen (proper) to the borders of the Dhofar region of Oman. The name of the region is currently retained in the smaller Hadhramaut Governorate of the Republic of Yemen. The people of Hadhramaut are called Hadhramis'''.
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Hadramawt
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Hajjah
Hajjah () is the capital city of Hajjah Governorate, northwestern Yemen. It is located at around , at an elevation of about 1800 metres.
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Hajjah Governorate
Hajjah () is a governorate of Yemen.
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Hanish Islands
The Hanish Islands () are an island group in the Red Sea. Most of them are a part of Yemen, but before 1998–1999 they were claimed by Eritrea as well. After a long trial with an international court under the guidance of Dr. Abdul Karim Aleryani, Yemen was granted full ownership of the larger islands while Eritrea was awarded the peripheral islands to the southwest.
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Ibb
Ibb (or Abb) () is a city in Yemen, the capital of Ibb Governorate, situated on a mountain ridge, surrounded by fertile land and is known as "The Green City". It is located about 73 miles (117 km) north-east of Mocha. Ibb was governed by a semi-autonomous emir until 1944, when the emirate was abolished. The population is 160,000 (2005).
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Ibb Governorate
Ibb () is a governorate of Yemen. It is located in the inland south of the country with Ta'izz Governorate to the southwest, Ad Dali' Governorate to the southeast, Dhamar Governorate to the north, and short borders with Al Bayda' Governorate to the east and Al Hudaydah Governorate to the west. It has an area of 5,344 km² and a population estimated at around 1,665,000 in 2004, making it the most densely populated governorate in Yemen outside of San'a city.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, by Antarctica). It is the only ocean to be named after a country, i.e., India.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
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Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
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Jabal al-Tair island
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Jordan
{{Infobox Country
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Kamaran
Kamaran Island ( []) is the largest Yemen-controlled island in the Red Sea. The 108-km² (42-sq. mile) island is 18 km (11 miles) long and 7 km (4.5 miles) wide and is strategically located at the southern end of the Red Sea. It is a "shelf island" located in the shallow waters of the Arabian peninsula's continental shelf with coral reefs surrounding three sides of the island. The population numbers 2,200.
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Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
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Lahij
Lahij or Lahej (Arabic: لحج ) is a city and an area located between Ta'izz and Aden in Yemen. From the 18th to the 20th century, its rulers were of the Al-Abdali family who with Al-Sallami, Al-Ramada, Al-Sindi and al-Aqrabi, claims relation to Ahl al-Bayt (the family of Muhammad). Lahij was the capital city of Sultanate of Lahej, a protectorate of the British Empire until 1967, when the sultan was expelled and the city became a part of People's Republic of South Yemen.
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Lahij Governorate
Lahij () is a governorate of Yemen.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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Ma'rib
'''Ma'rib () or Marib''' is the capital town of the Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen and was the capital of the Sabaean kingdom (Ancient Sheba of biblical fame). It is located at , approximately 120 kilometers east of Yemen's modern capital, Sana'a. It has a current population of 16,794.
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Ma'rib Governorate
'''Ma'rib''' () is a governorate of Yemen. Its centre, Ma'rib, was established after the discovery of oil deposits in 1984. Ma'rib's population in 2004 was 241,619.
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Mahra Governorate
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Malaysians
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Mauritania
Mauritania ( Mūrītāniyā; ; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; ), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in North Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the Roman province of Mauretania, even though the modern state covers a territory far to the southwest of the old province. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast.
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Mecca
Mecca (), also spelled Makkah (occasionally 'Bakkah') (; Makkah and in full: transliterated Makkah Al Mukarramah ) is a city in Saudi Arabia, and the holiest meeting site in Islam, closely followed by Medina.
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North Yemen
North Yemen is a term currently used to designate the Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990), its predecessor, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962), and their predecessors that exercised sovereignty over the territory that is now the north-western part of the state of Yemen in southern Arabia.
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Oman
Oman (pronounced ; '), officially the Sultanate of Oman''' ( ), is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The country also contains Madha and Musandam, two exclaves on the Gulf of Oman, south of the Strait of Hormuz and surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on the land side.
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Persian Empire
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Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is also controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf (by the Arab nations on the Arab side of the gulf) or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, and Gulf of Basra by Turkey, although none of the latter three terms is recognized internationally.
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Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (), also known as the Portuguese Overseas Empire (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was the first global empire in history. In addition, it was the longest-lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999.
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Rub al Khali
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Sa'dah Governorate
The '''Governorate of Sa'dah''' (also Saada) is a province located in the north of Yemen on the border with Saudi Arabia. As of February 2004, the province had a population of 695,033 inhabitants, around 3.67% of the total population of Yemen and have an area of 11375 square kilometers.. It is one of the most inaccessible areas of Yemen and ranks among the poorest in the country. The provincial capital is Sa'dah, the largest city in the province.
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Sa`dah
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Sana'a
'''Sana'a (Arabic: , ; also spelt Sanaa or Ṣan‘ā’''') is the capital of Yemen and the centre of San‘a’ Governorate. Sana'a is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. At an altitude of 2,300 meters, it is also one of the highest capital cities in the world. Sana'a has a population of 1,747,627 (2004 census), making it Yemen's largest city.
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Sana'a Governorate
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Sana‘a
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Sana’a
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San‘a’
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Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (), commonly known as Saudi Arabia, occasionally spelled '''Sa'udi Arabia''', is the largest Arab country of the Middle East. It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of 28 million, and its size is approximately . The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest places in Islam. The two mosques are Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Masjid Al-Nabawi (in Medina). The current kingdom was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud, whose efforts began in 1902 when he captured the Al-Saud’s ancestral home of Riyadh, and culminated in 1932 with the proclamation and recognition of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, though its national origins go back as far as 1744 with the establishment of the First Saudi State. Saudi Arabia's government takes the form of an Islamic absolute monarchy. Human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly expressed concern about the state of human rights in Saudi Arabia.
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Shabwah Governorate
Shabwah () is a governorate (province) of Yemen. Its main town is Ataq.
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Singapore
{{Infobox Country
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Somalia
Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
http://wn.com/Somalia -
South Yemen
The '''People's Democratic Republic of Yemen — also referred to as Democratic Yemen, South Yemen-South Arabia, or Yemen (Aden)''' — was a socialist republic in the present-day southern and eastern Provinces of Yemen. It united with the Yemen Arab Republic, commonly known as North Yemen, on May 22, 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen.
http://wn.com/South_Yemen -
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, north of the half-way point.
http://wn.com/Suez_Canal -
Sultanate of Lahej
Lahej (Arabic: لحج '), the Sultanate of Lahej (Arabic: سلطنة لحج '), or, sometimes, the Abdali Sultanate (Arabic: سلطنة العب دلي ), was a state in the British Aden Protectorate and the Federation of South Arabia. Its capital was Lahij and from 1919 it included the area of Subeihi.
http://wn.com/Sultanate_of_Lahej -
Ta'izz
'''Ta'izz or Taiz''' (تعز) is a city in the Yemeni Highlands, near the famous Mocha port on the Red Sea, lying at an elevation of about 1,400 metres above sea level, with 460,000 inhabitants (2003 estimate). It is the capital of Ta'izz Governorate. It also contains the ancient Jewish Sharab.
http://wn.com/Ta'izz -
Ta'izz Governorate
'''Ta'izz''' () is a governorate of Yemen. The governorate's capital is Ta'izz, which is the third largest city in Yemen. Other major towns include Al Sawa, Juha and the famous coffee port of Mocha. It has a total population of just over three million and an area of 10,677km².
http://wn.com/Ta'izz_Governorate -
Taiz
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Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
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UAE
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Yemen Arab Republic
The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR), (in Arabic: الجمهوريّة العربية اليمنية [al-Jamhūrīyah al-`Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah] ) also known as North Yemen or Yemen (Sanaa), was a country from 1962 to 1990 in the northern part of what is now Yemen. Its capital was at Sanaa.
http://wn.com/Yemen_Arab_Republic -
Yemen LNG
Yemen LNG (also called YLNG) is the first 'natural gas liquefaction (LNG) project in Yemen. The LNG plant is located in Balhaf.
http://wn.com/Yemen_LNG -
Zinjibar
Zinjibar () is a coastal town in south-central Yemen, the capital of the Abyan Governorate. It is located at around . Until 1967 it was the capital of the Fadhli Sultanate. At the time of the 2004 census, Zinjibar's population numbered 19.879.
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CrossTalk on Yemen: Rise of Al-Qaeda?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:10
- Published: 24 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 28 Feb 2012
- Author: RussiaToday
Just how much do we know about the situation on the ground? Which purpose do the elections serve? Will we see a Syrian-style civil war? Is there anyone who represents any fundamental change? CrossTalking with Sudarsan Raghavan and Stephen Zunes on Feb. 24. CT on FB: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/CrossTalk_on_Yemen_Rise_of_Al-Qaeda?
Mosaic News - 02/27/12: Yemen's Saleh Formally Steps Down
Yemen's Saleh formally steps down after 33-year reign, Syria approves new constitution as main opposition body splits, tension escalates between Khartoum and Juba over key areas, and more. Today's headlines in full: Yemen's Saleh formally steps down after 33-year reign Al Jazeera, Qatar Syria approves new constitution as main opposition body splits BBC Arabic, UK Nigerian sectarian violence continues with church bombings Dubai TV, UAE Tension escalates between Khartoum and Juba over key areas Dubai TV, UAE Suicide bomber hits Afghan airport amid Quran backlash Al-Alam, Iran WikiLeaks: Israel destroyed Iran's nuclear facilities last year IBA, Israel Israeli nurses on 24-hour warning strike after union negotiations fail IBA, Israel Putin assassination plot foiled following accidental apartment explosion IBA, Israel Fresh anti-regime protests held in Bahrain, Morocco Press TV, Iran West's war rhetoric against Iran mobilizing voters Press TV, Iran Palestinians rally in Hebron to 'Open Shudada Street' Palestine TV, Ramallah Image: Yemen's new president Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi receives the country's national flag from former president Ali Abdullah Saleh during a ceremony at the presidential palace in Sanaa February 27, 2012: REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah Ali Al Mahdi Mosaic is a Peabody Award-winning daily compilation of television news reports from the Middle East, including Egypt, Lebanon, Israel, Syria, the Palestinian Authority, Iraq and Iran. Watch more Mosaic at www.linktv.org
http://wn.com/Mosaic_News__02/27/12_Yemen's_Saleh_Formally_Steps_Down
Growing divide emerges in Yemen's south
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Published: 13 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 22 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
The prospect of the forthcoming elections in Yemen is showing little sign of bringing unity to the country. The vote, along with the departure of President Ali Abdullah Saleh, form part of a Gulf-brokered deal designed to end a year of political upheaval. But there are renewed calls for a separate state in the country's south. Flags of South Yemen have been flying everywhere in the southern port city of Aden, a symbol of the South Yemen republic that joined the North in 1990. These protesters say they lost everything when they joined the union - their lands confiscated, rights denied and oil revenues taken away by the former government. Al Jazeera's Hashem Ahelbarra reports from Aden.
http://wn.com/Growing_divide_emerges_in_Yemen's_south
![Salmon Fishing In The Yemen - Official Trailer 2 [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120304161602im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CEUwCX2UjJA/0.jpg "Salmon Fishing In The Yemen - Official Trailer 2 [HD]")
Salmon Fishing In The Yemen - Official Trailer 2 [HD]
Subscribe ow.ly | Facebook ow.ly | Twitter ow.ly Release Date: 16 February 2012 Genre: Drama Cast: Emily Blunt, Ewan McGregor, Kristin Scott Thomas Directors: Lasse Hallström Writer: Simon Beaufoy, Paul Torday Studio: Alliance Entertainment Plot: Stuffy government fisheries scientist Fred is asked by a fishing-obsessed Arab Sheik to do the seemingly impossible - introduce British salmon to the Wadis of the Yemen. Despite considerable trepidation, Fred is finally won over by the charismatic Arab, who reveals that fishing brings him closer to God, and he hopes it will have the same effect on his countrymen. Fred also begins to fall for the Sheik's beautiful legal representative Harriet; and so he rises to the Sheik's eccentric challenge, casting off his English reserve on a transformative journey of self discovery and late blooming love.
http://wn.com/Salmon_Fishing_In_The_Yemen__Official_Trailer_2_ HD
Inside Story - Who is really running Yemen?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:03
- Published: 09 Jan 2012
- Uploaded: 12 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Yemen's acting leader Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi wants to quit following alleged political interference. Is Ali Abdullah Saleh running the country from behind the scenes? Guests are: Joseph Keshishian, Khaled Almaeena and Mohamed Qubaty.
http://wn.com/Inside_Story__Who_is_really_running_Yemen?
Yemen's one-horse presidential race
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Published: 07 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 21 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi, Yemen's vice-president, has officially launched his campaign for the country's top office. He is also the only candidate in the running. Hadi's candidacy is part of a deal brokered between Yemen, the US and Gulf states to transfer power from President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who has led Yemen for 33 years. But some leaders fear problems ahead. Abdulwahhab Al Anesi, the leader of the Islamist Islah Party, says elements of Saleh's regime are still trying to destabilise the transition. Al Jazeera's Hashem Ahelbarra reports from Sanaa.
http://wn.com/Yemen's_one-horse_presidential_race
Yemeni fears over al-Qaeda expansion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Published: 19 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 20 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Al-Qaeda's growing presence in southern Yemen is raising fresh concerns ahead of the country's singe-candidate presidential election this week. Last May, the city of Zinjibar fell to a group affiliated with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. A failed military offensive to push the group out of the city left massive destruction and triggered an exodus of refugees. While remaining residents worry over the lack of security, it is said al-Qaeda is looking to expand its reach within the country. Al Jazeera's Hashem Ahelbarra reports from Aden.
http://wn.com/Yemeni_fears_over_al-Qaeda_expansion
Tribal gains in post-Saleh Yemen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Published: 03 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 12 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
For six years, the Houthis of northern Yemen fought against the forces of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh. Now, with Saleh out of power, the Houthis exert more power than ever in the ancient city of Saada.
http://wn.com/Tribal_gains_in_post-Saleh_Yemen
Rebuilding a ravaged Yemeni province
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Published: 06 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 16 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
After years of fighting, thousands of deaths, dispair and destruction, officials look to rebuild Saada innNorthern Yemen.
http://wn.com/Rebuilding_a_ravaged_Yemeni_province
Yemeni protesters continue fight for change
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Published: 18 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 20 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Yemen will choose a new president in four days, but the winner of the election is already known. Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi, the only candidate in Tuesday's election, is the vice-president of outgoing leader Ali Abdullah Saleh. Despite the upcoming poll, anti-government protesters are not yet convinced that there will be genuine change in their country. There is an overwhelming sentiment among protesters that their revolution has been stolen by the political elite and tribal leaders. Al Jazeera's Hashem Ahelbarra reports from the capital, Sanaa.
http://wn.com/Yemeni_protesters_continue_fight_for_change
Yemeni protesters feel revolution being stolen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Published: 18 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 21 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Yemen is preparing for its first presidential elections since the downfall of former president Ali Abdullah Saleh. Only one man is running and that is Saleh's Vice President, Abed Raboo Mansour Hadi. Some protesters feel they are being robbed of the achievements of their revolution. Al Jazeera's Hashem Ahelbarra reports from the Yemeni capital Sanaa.
http://wn.com/Yemeni_protesters_feel_revolution_being_stolen
Salmon Fishing In The Yemen - Official TIFF Clip 1
Subscribe ow.ly | Facebook ow.ly | Twitter ow.ly Release Date: 16 February 2012 Genre: Drama Cast: Emily Blunt, Ewan McGregor, Kristin Scott Thomas Directors: Lasse Hallström Writer: Simon Beaufoy, Paul Torday Studio: Alliance Entertainment Plot: Stuffy government fisheries scientist Fred is asked by a fishing-obsessed Arab Sheik to do the seemingly impossible - introduce British salmon to the Wadis of the Yemen. Despite considerable trepidation, Fred is finally won over by the charismatic Arab, who reveals that fishing brings him closer to God, and he hopes it will have the same effect on his countrymen. Fred also begins to fall for the Sheik's beautiful legal representative Harriet; and so he rises to the Sheik's eccentric challenge, casting off his English reserve on a transformative journey of self discovery and late blooming love.
http://wn.com/Salmon_Fishing_In_The_Yemen__Official_TIFF_Clip_1
Yemen: Update on elections in Sanaa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Published: 21 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 26 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Despite calls for a boycott, Yemenis have been voting in high numbers for a new president. There is only one candidate, vice president Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi. The poll marks the official end of Ali Abdullah Saleh's 33-year rule. Al Jazeera's Hashem Ahelbarra reports from the capital, Sanaa.
http://wn.com/Yemen_Update_on_elections_in_Sanaa
Nadia Al-Sakkaf: See Yemen through my eyes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:39
- Published: 18 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 29 Feb 2012
- Author: TEDtalksDirector
www.ted.com As political turmoil in Yemen continues, the editor of the Yemen Times, Nadia Al-Sakkaf, talks at TEDGlobal with host Pat Mitchell. Al-Sakkaf's independent, English-language paper is vital for sharing news -- and for sharing a new vision of Yemen and of that country's women as equal partners in work and change.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at http
http://wn.com/Nadia_Al-Sakkaf_See_Yemen_through_my_eyes
Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Trailer # 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 17 Dec 2011
- Uploaded: 27 Feb 2012
- Author: MyTrailerIsRich
Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Trailer # 2. Emily Blunt and Ewan Mc Gregor are hired by a sheik to bring sport fishing in the middle of the desert ! Salmon Fishing in the Yemen stars Kristin Scott Thomas, Ewan McGregor, Emily Blunt, Amr Waked and Tom Mison. Directed by Lasse Hallström. In theaters March 2, 2012.
http://wn.com/Salmon_Fishing_in_the_Yemen_Trailer_#_2
Yemen leader in Saudi Arabia for power-transfer deal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Published: 23 Nov 2011
- Uploaded: 27 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Ali Abdullah Saleh, the president of Yemen, has arrived in Saudi Arabia to sign a power-transfer deal brokered by the six-member Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), the country's state television has reported. The plan put forward last spring by the GCC countries offers Saleh and his relatives immunity from prosecution if he hands over power to his deputy, Abdrabuh Mansur Hadi, the vice president. Signing the deal would effectively bring an end to Saleh's 33-year rule. Al Jazeera reports.
http://wn.com/Yemen_leader_in_Saudi_Arabia_for_power-transfer_deal
Inside Story - Is Yemen on the path to democracy?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:37
- Published: 21 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 27 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Yemenis are voting in a presidential election with just one candidate. Is this a step towards democracy or an attempt to stifle the revolution and keep the old regime in place? Abdul-Ghani al-Iryani, Mohamed Qubaty and Nora Ann Colton discuss.
http://wn.com/Inside_Story__Is_Yemen_on_the_path_to_democracy?
Rising prices push Yemen's poor to the brink
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Published: 13 Dec 2011
- Uploaded: 19 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Yemen is facing serious economic problems after ten months of anti-government protests and fighting. The country was deeply impoverished even before the latest unrest and with rising prices of food, gas, and water, the poor are getting desperate. Jane Ferguson reports from the capital, Sanaa.
http://wn.com/Rising_prices_push_Yemen's_poor_to_the_brink
Raw Video: Yemen Troops Fire at Protesters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Published: 25 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 12 Feb 2012
- Author: AssociatedPress
Amateur video purportedly shows Yemeni troops loyal to embattled President Ali Abdullah Saleh opening fire at protesters calling for his ouster. (Oct. 25)
http://wn.com/Raw_Video_Yemen_Troops_Fire_at_Protesters
Interview: Najib Ghanem discusses Yemen election
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 21 Feb 2012
- Uploaded: 22 Feb 2012
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Najib Ghanem, a member of the opposition Islah party, discusses Yemen's election to elect Ali Abdullah Saleh's successor.
http://wn.com/Interview_Najib_Ghanem_discusses_Yemen_election
Salmon Fishing in the Yemen - Trailer 2012 HD
Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Starring: Ewan McGregor, Emily Blunt, Kristin Scott Thomas, Amr Waked, Rachael Stirling, directed by Lasse Hallström. A fisheries expert is approached by a consultant to help realize a sheik's vision of bringing the sport of fly-fishing to the desert and embark son an upstream journey of faith and fish to prove the impossible, possible
http://wn.com/Salmon_Fishing_in_the_Yemen__Trailer_2012_HD
Outrage in Yemen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Published: 06 Dec 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Feb 2012
- Author: ReutersVideo
Dec. 6 - Hundreds take to the streets in Sana'a to support anti-government protesters fighting President Abdullah Saleh's regime in Taiz. Deborah Lutterbeck reports.
http://wn.com/Outrage_in_Yemen
Yemen Youth Activists
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Published: 30 Jan 2012
- Uploaded: 22 Feb 2012
- Author: ChathamHouse10
Yemeni youth activists tell Chatham House why they stay involved with the revolution there. Recorded in early October 2011. More: www.chathamhouse.org/research/middle-east/current-projects/yemen-forum
http://wn.com/Yemen_Youth_Activists
UN / Jean-Marc Ferré
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photo: AP / Hani Mohammed
27 Feb 2012
Yemen's Ali Abdullah Saleh stepped down after 33 years at the helm on Monday, making him the fourth veteran Arab leader to fall in a year of mass pro-democracy demonstrations that have rocked the...
photo: AP / Hani Mohammed
27 Feb 2012
In a formal ceremony on Saturday, Yemen's outgoing President, Ali Abdullah Saleh, handed over power to his Vice President, Abed Rabbo Mansour al-Hadi. Hadi received 99 percent of votes in last week's...
photo: AP / Hani Mohammed
27 Feb 2012
WASHINGTON — The Obama administration is embarking on an ambitious and potentially risky plan to help the new government in Yemen overhaul its military to combat the Qaeda franchise that has...
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Yemen officials say 30 troops killed in fighting with al-Qaida militants in southern province
04 Mar 2012
Star Tribune
SANAA, Yemen -...(size: 0.1Kb)
Government troops, al-Qaida clash in southern Yemen; 30 soldiers and 14 militants killed
04 Mar 2012
Star Tribune
SANAA, Yemen - Yemeni military officials say at least 30 soldiers and 14 al-Qaida militants have been killed in fighting in the southern province of Abyan. The officials said Sunday's fighting was taking place...(size: 1.4Kb)
Hartford Courant
ADEN (Reuters) - At least 35 Yemeni soldiers were killed in the south of the country on Sunday in clashes with...(size: 0.7Kb)
BBC News
At 30 soldiers and a number of militants have been killed in fighting in southern Yemen, military officials have said. The clashes took place in the southern province of Abyan, west of the provincial capital and militant-held town of Zinjibar. One report said that a total of...(size: 1.8Kb)
Fox News
...(size: 0.0Kb)
Yemen fighting kills 30 troops, 14 militants
04 Mar 2012
Yahoo Daily News
SANAA, Yemen (AP) — Yemeni military officials say at least 30 soldiers and 14 al-Qaida militants have been killed in fighting in the southern province of Abyan. The officials said Sunday's fighting was taking...(size: 1.4Kb)
Yemen suicide attack kills 7 soldiers
04 Mar 2012
Zeenews
Aden: Suicide bombers linked to al Qaeda killed at least seven soldiers in coordinated attacks on military outposts in southern Yemen on Sunday, officials and residents said, part of an escalation of violence since a presidential vote two weeks ago. The attacks underscore the challenges facing...(size: 3.7Kb)
Yemen suicide attack kills 7 soldiers: officials
04 Mar 2012
Daily Press
ADEN (Reuters) - Suicide bombers linked to al Qaeda killed at least seven soldiers in coordinated attacks on military outposts in southern Yemen Sunday, officials and residents said, part of an escalation of violence since a presidential vote two weeks ago. The attacks underscore the challenges...(size: 4.2Kb)
Yemen fighting claims 8 troops, 14 militants
04 Mar 2012
STL Today
Yemeni military officials say eight army soldiers and 14 al-Qaida militants have been killed in fighting in the...(size: 0.8Kb)
The Republic of Yemen ( ), commonly known as Yemen ( ), is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east.
Yemen has a land area of 555,000 square kilometers and a population of approximately 24 million (2010). Its capital and largest city is Sana'a. Yemen's territory includes over 200 islands, the largest of which is Socotra, about 415 km to the south of mainland Yemen, off the coast of Somalia. It is the only state in the Arabian Peninsula to have a purely republican form of government.
In February and March 2011, an uprising against the government began, and clashes with police and pro-government supporters have steadily intensified.
==Etymology== One etymology derives Yemen from ''yamin'', meaning "on the right side", as the south is on the right when facing the sunrise. Another derives Yemen from ''yumn'', meaning "felicity", as the region is fertile. The Romans called it "Arabia Felix" (Fertile Arabia) as opposed to "Arabia Deserta" (Deserted Arabia), being northern Arabia.
History
Yemen has long existed at the crossroads of cultures; it linked some of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East by virtue of its location in South Arabia. Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century, it was home of the Minaean, Sabaean, Hadhramaut, Qataban, Ausan, and Himyarite kingdoms, which controlled the lucrative spice trade, and later came under Byzantine and Persian rule. In the 6th century, the Himyarite king Abu-Karib Assad converted to Judaism after expanding his kingdom to include most of the Arabian peninsula and parts of East Africa. In the 7th century, Islamic caliphs began to exert control over the area. After this caliphate broke up, Yemen came under the control of many dynasties who ruled part, or often all, of South Arabia Mecca and most of Oman and even some parts of Gujarat in India during the rule of Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi Imams -- descendants of prophet Muhammad also known as sayyids -- ruled Yemen intermittently for 980 years, establishing a theocratic political structure that flourished and covered at its pinnacle all the area south of Mecca to Dhoffar in Oman and all the way to Aden and the African coast of the Red sea, Gulf of Aden and parts of the Indian ocean adjacent to the Arabian Peninsula and strongly influencing and sometimes controlling sharifs of Hejaz. It survived until modern times.
Egyptian Shia caliphs occupied much of Yemen throughout the 11th century but were resisted by the Imams. By the 16th century and again in the 19th century, Yemen was part of the Ottoman Empire (first as the Eyalet of Yemen, later as the Vilayet of Yemen), and in some periods Imams exerted control over all Yemen.
The modern history of South Arabia and Yemen began in 1918 when Yemen gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. Between 1918 and 1962, Yemen was a monarchy ruled by the Hamidaddin family. There was a brief revolution in 1948 in which Imam Yahya was killed. A rival family, the Alwazirs, seized power for several weeks. Backed by the al-Saud family of Saudi Arabia, the Hamidaddins restored their rule until 1962-1970 during the North Yemen Civil War. In 1962, North Yemen saw a republic rivaling the Imams with Egyptian Occupiers assistance, but Britain still had a protective area around the South Arabia port of Aden, which it had created in the 19th century. Britain withdrew in 1967 and the area became South Yemen. In 1970, the southern government adopted a Communist governmental system. The two countries were formally united as the Republic of Yemen on May 22, 1990.
From April 27 to July 7, 1994, a civil war between the former North and former South Yemen ended with the conquest of the southern capital, Aden. The dissatisfaction of the people in the South with the government of Sana’a led finally to an uprising in the South in 2007. Very soon the “al-Ḥirāk as-Silmī al-Janūbī”, the Southern Peaceful Movement (South Yemen Movement) was established in the same year to unify all southern activists. The demands on equality of treatment which was ignored by Sana’a developed very soon to the retrieval of the southern state.
The 2011–2012 Yemeni uprising followed the initial stages of the Tunisian Revolution and occurred simultaneously with the Egyptian Revolution and other mass protests in the Arab world in early 2011. The uprising was initially against unemployment, economic conditions and corruption, as well as against the government's proposals to modify the constitution of Yemen. The protestors' demands then escalated to calls for President Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign.
Geography
Yemen is in the Arab World, in the southern half of the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and the Red Sea. It lies south of Saudi Arabia and west of Oman, between latitudes 12° and 19° N and longitudes 42° and 55° E.
A number of Red Sea islands, including the Hanish Islands, Kamaran, and Perim, as well as Socotra in the Arabian Sea, belong to Yemen. Many of the islands are volcanic; for example Jabal al-Tair had a volcanic eruption in 2007 and before that in 1883.
At , Yemen is the world's 50th-largest country. It is comparable in size to Thailand and larger than the U.S. state of California. Yemen is situated at . Until the signing of the Yemen-Saudi Arabia peace treaty in July 2000 Yemen's northern border was undefined; the Arabian Desert prevented any human habitation there.
The country can be divided geographically into four main regions: the coastal plains in the west, the western highlands, the eastern highlands, and the Rub al Khali in the east.
The Tihamah ("hot lands" or "hot earth") form a very arid and flat coastal plain along Yemen's entire Red Sea coastline. Despite the aridity, the presence of many lagoons makes this region very marshy and a suitable breeding ground for malaria mosquitoes. There are extensive crescent-shaped sand dunes. The evaporation in the Tihamah is so great that streams from the highlands never reach the sea, but they do contribute to extensive groundwater reserves. Today, these are heavily exploited for agricultural use. Near the village of Madar about north of Sana'a, dinosaur footprints were found, indicating that the area was once a muddy flat.
The Tihamah ends abruptly at the escarpment of the western highlands. This area, now heavily terraced to meet the demand for food, receives the highest rainfall in Arabia, rapidly increasing from per year to about in Ta'izz and over in Ibb. Agriculture here is very diverse, with such crops as sorghum dominating. Cotton and many fruit trees are also grown, with mangoes being the most valuable. Temperatures are hot in the day but fall dramatically at night. There are perennial streams in the highlands but these never reach the sea because of high evaporation in the Tihamah.
The central highlands are an extensive high plateau over in elevation. This area is drier than the western highlands because of rain-shadow influences but still receives sufficient rain in wet years for extensive cropping. Diurnal temperature ranges are among the highest in the world: ranges from in the day to at night are normal. Water storage allows for irrigation and the growing of wheat and barley. Sana'a is located in this region. The highest point in Yemen is Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb, at .
Yemen's portion of the Rub al Khali desert in the east is much lower, generally below , and receives almost no rain. It is populated only by Bedouin herders of camels.
The growing scarcity of water is a source of increasing international concern. See Water supply and sanitation in Yemen.
Economy
Yemen is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the Arab World, with a formal 35% employment rate, dwindling natural resources, a young population and increasing population growth. Yemen's economy is weak compared to most countries in the Middle-East, mainly because Yemen has very small oil reserves. Yemen's economy depends heavily on the oil it produces, and its government receives the vast majority of its revenue from oil taxes. But Yemen's oil reserves are expected to be depleted by 2017, possibly bringing on economic collapse. Yemen does have large proven reserves of natural gas. Yemen's first liquified natural gas (LNG) plant began production in October 2009.Rampant corruption is a prime obstacle to development in the country, limiting local reinvestments and driving away regional and international capital. Foreign investments remain largely concentrated around the nation's hydrocarbon industry.
Beginning in the mid-1950s, the Soviet Union and China provided large-scale assistance. For example, China is involved with the expansion of the Sana'a International Airport. In the south, pre-independence economic activity was overwhelmingly concentrated in the port city of Aden. The seaborne transit trade, which the port relied upon, collapsed with the closure of the Suez Canal and Britain's withdrawal from Aden in 1967.
Since unification in 1990, the government has worked to integrate two relatively disparate economic systems. However, severe shocks, including the return in 1990 of approximately 850,000 Yemenis from the Persian Gulf states, a subsequent major reduction of aid flows, and internal political disputes culminating in the 1994 civil war hampered economic growth. Since the conclusion of the war, the government made an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to implement a structural adjustment program. Phase one of the program included major financial and monetary reforms, including floating the currency, reducing the budget deficit, and cutting subsidies. Phase two will address structural issues such as civil service reform.
In early 1995, the government of Yemen launched an economic, financial, and administrative reform program (EFARP) with the support of the World Bank and the IMF, as well as international donors. The First Five-Year Plan (FFYP) for the years 1996 to 2000 was introduced in 1996. The World Bank has focused on public sector management, including civil service reform, budget reform, and privatization. Additional priorities for the programs have become attracting diversified private investment, water management, and poverty-oriented social sector improvements. These programs had a positive impact on Yemen’s economy and led to the reduction of the budget deficit to less than 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) during the period 1995-1999 and the correction of macro-financial imbalances.
In 1997, IMF and the Yemeni government began medium-term economic reform programs under the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) and Extended Fund Facility (EFF). This program aimed to reduce dependence on the oil sector and to establish a market environment for real non-oil GDP growth and investment in the non-oil sector. Increasing the growth rate in the non-oil sector was one of the government's most important objectives. Programs also focused on reducing unemployment, strengthening the social safety net, and increasing financial stability. To achieve these reforms, the government and IMF implemented containment of government wages, improvements in revenue collection with the introduction of reforms in tax administration, and a sharp reduction in subsidies bills through increased prices on subsidized goods. As a result, the fiscal cash deficit was reduced from 16% of GDP in 1994 to 0.9% in 1997. This was supported by aid from oil-exporting countries, despite the wide-ranging fluctuations in world oil prices. The real growth rate in the non-oil sector rose by 5.6% from 1995 to 1997.
Government
Yemen is a presidential republic with a bicameral legislature. Under the constitution, an elected President, an elected 301-seat Assembly of Representatives, and an appointed 111-member Shura Council share power. The President is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the ''head of government''.
The constitution provides that the president be elected by popular vote from at least two candidates endorsed by at least fifteen members of the Parliament. The prime minister, in turn, is appointed by the president and must be approved by two thirds of the Parliament. The presidential term of office is seven years, and the parliamentary term of elected office is six years. Suffrage is universal for people age 18 and older, but only Muslims may hold elected office.
President Ali Abdullah Saleh became the first elected President in reunified Yemen in 1999 (though he had been President of unified Yemen since 1990 and President of North Yemen since 1978). He was re-elected to office in September 2006. Saleh's victory was marked by an election that international observers judged to be "partly free", though the election was accompanied by violence, violations of press freedoms, and allegations of fraud. Parliamentary elections were held in April 2003, and the General People's Congress (GPC) maintained an absolute majority.
The constitution calls for an independent judiciary. The former northern and southern legal codes have been unified. The legal system includes separate commercial courts and a Supreme Court based in Sana'a. Sharia is the main source of laws, with many court cases being debated according to the religious basis of law and many judges being religious scholars as well as legal authorities.
Beginning in February and March 2011, an uprising against the government occurred, and clashes with police and pro-government supporters have steadily intensified. Many protestors demand the immediate resignation of the current leadership, and in particular that of President Saleh who resigned in November 2011.
Administrative divisions
As of February 2004, Yemen is divided into twenty governorates (''muhafazat'') and one municipality called "Amanat Al-Asemah" (the latter containing the capital, Sana'a)
| style="background: #EEE;" colspan="20" align="center" | |||||
| Division !! Capital City!! Population2004 Census !!Population2006 est.!!Key | |||||
| 'Adan Governorate>'Aden | Aden | 589,419 | 634,710 | ||
| 'Amran Governorate | 'Amran | 'Amran | 877,786 | 909,992 | |
| Abyan Governorate | Abyan | Zinjibar | 433,819 | 454,535 | |
| Ad Dali' Governorate | Ad-Dali' | Ad Dali' | 470,564 | 504,533 | |
| Al Bayda' Governorate | Al Bayda' | Al Bayda', Yemen | Al Bayda' | 577,369 | 605,303 |
| Al Hudaydah Governorate | Al Hudaydah | Al-Hudaydah | 2,157,552 | 2,300,179 | |
| Al Jawf Governorate | Al Jawf | Al-Jawf | 443,797 | 465,737 | |
| Al Mahrah Governorate | Al-Mahrah | Al-Ghaydah | 88,594 | 96,768 | |
| Al Mahwit Governorate | Al-Mahwit | Al-Mahweet | 494,557 | 523,236 | |
| Sana'a | Amanat Al-Asemah | Sana'a | 1,747,834 | 1,947,139 | |
| Dhamar Governorate | Dhamar | Dhamar, Yemen | Dhamar | 1,330,108 | 1,412,142 |
| Hadhramaut Governorate | Hadhramaut | Al-Mukalla | 1,028,556 | 1,092,967 | |
| Hajjah Governorate | Hajjah | Hajjah | 1,479,568 | 1,570,872 | |
| Ibb Governorate | Ibb | Ibb | 2,131,861 | 2,238,537 | |
| Lahij Governorate | Lahij | Lahij | 722,694 | 761,160 | |
| Ma'rib Governorate | Ma'rib | Ma'rib | 238,522 | 251,668 | |
| Raymah Governorate | Raymah | Kosmah | 394,448 | 418,659 | |
| Sa'dah Governorate | Sa'dah | Sa`dah | 695,033 | 746,957 | |
| Sana'a Governorate | Sana'a | Sana'a | 919,215 | 957,798 | |
| Shabwah Governorate | Shabwah | Ataq | 470,440 | 494,638 | |
| Ta'izz Governorate | Taiz | Taiz | 1,121,000 | 2,513,003 |
The governors are subdivided into 333 districts (''muderiah''), which are subdivided into 2,210 sub-districts, and then into 38,284 villages (as of 2001).
Foreign relations
Aden was occupied by the Portuguese between 1513 and 1538, and again from 1547 to 1548. In between those Portuguese occupations, Aden was ruled by the Ottoman Empire; it ruled Aden again from 1548 to 1645. After Ottoman rule, it was ruled by the Sultanate of Lahej, under suzerainty of the Zaidi Imams of Yemen. In 1838, Sultan Muhsin bin Fadl of the nearby state of Lahej ceded including Aden to the British. On 19 January 1839, the British East India Company landed Royal Marines at Aden to occupy the territory and stop attacks by pirates against British shipping to India.
The geography and ruling Imams of North Yemen kept the country isolated from foreign influence before 1962. The country's relations with Saudi Arabia were defined by the Taif Agreement of 1934, which delineated the northernmost part of the border between the two kingdoms and set the framework for commercial and other intercourse. The Taif Agreement has been renewed periodically in 20-year increments, and its validity was reaffirmed in 1995. Relations with the British colonial authorities in Aden and the south were usually tense.
The Soviet and Chinese Aid Missions established in 1958 and 1959 were the first important non-Muslim presence in North Yemen. Following the September 1962 revolution, the Yemen Arab Republic became closely allied with and heavily dependent upon Egypt. Saudi Arabia aided the royalists in their attempt to defeat the Republicans and did not recognize the Yemen Arab Republic until 1970. At the same time, Saudi Arabia maintained direct contact with Yemeni tribes, which sometimes strained its official relations with the Yemeni Government. Hundreds of thousands of Yemenis found employment in Saudi Arabia during the late 1970s and 1980s.
In February 1989, North Yemen joined Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt in forming the Arab Cooperation Council (ACC), an organization created partly in response to the founding of the Gulf Cooperation Council and intended to foster closer economic cooperation and integration among its members. After unification, the Republic of Yemen was accepted as a member of the ACC in place of its YAR predecessor. In the wake of the Persian Gulf crisis, the ACC has remained inactive. Yemen is not a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council.
British authorities left southern Yemen in November 1967 in the wake of an intense rebellion. The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, the successor to British rule, had diplomatic relations with many states, but its major links were with the Soviet Union and other communist countries. Relations between it and the conservative Arab states of the Arabian Peninsula were strained. There were military clashes with Saudi Arabia in 1969 and 1973, and the PDRY provided active support for the Dhofar rebellion against the Sultanate of Oman. The PDRY was the only Arab state to vote against admitting new Arab states from the Persian Gulf area to the United Nations and the Arab League. The PDRY provided sanctuary and material support to various insurgent groups around the Middle East.
Yemen is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and also participates in the nonaligned movement. The Republic of Yemen accepted responsibility for all treaties and debts of its predecessors, the YAR and the PDRY. Yemen has acceded to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty.
The Persian Gulf crisis dramatically affected Yemen's foreign relations. A long-time ally of Saddam Hussein, Yemen's President, Ali Abdullah Saleh was quick to back Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. As a member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) for 1990 and 1991, Yemen continued to abstain on a number of UNSC resolutions concerning Iraq and Kuwait and voted against the "use of force resolution." Western and Gulf Arab states reacted by curtailing or canceling aid programs and diplomatic contacts. At least 850,000 Yemenis were expelled from Saudi Arabia and the other Gulf Arab states. Saudi Arabia has begun construction of a separation barrier between its territory and Yemen to prevent the unauthorized movement of people and goods into and out of the kingdom. Subsequent to the liberation of Kuwait, Yemen continued to maintain high-level contacts with Iraq. This hampered its efforts to rejoin the Arab mainstream and to mend fences with its immediate neighbors. In 1993, Yemen launched an unsuccessful diplomatic offensive to restore relations with its Gulf Arab neighbors. Some of its aggrieved neighbors actively aided the south during the 1994 civil war. Since the end of that conflict, tangible progress has been made on the diplomatic front in restoring normal relations with Yemen's neighbors. The Omani-Yemeni border has been officially demarcated. In the summer of 2000, Yemen and Saudi Arabia signed an International Border Treaty settling a 50 year old dispute over the location of the border between the two countries. Yemen settled its dispute with Eritrea over the Hanish Islands in 1998.
After the departure from the Gulf Arab states, as many as 15,000 Yemenis migrated to the U.S. Many Yemenis can be found in the south of Dearborn, Michigan. In the early 1990s, Yemenis went in search of manufacturing jobs. They continue to work in the U.S. and routinely send money back to their families.
Kidnapping of foreign tourists by tribes has been an ongoing problem throughout the modern period. In many instances, the kidnappers attempted to use hostage taking to gain leverage in negotiations with the government. One victim of kidnapping was former German Secretary of State Jürgen Chrobog, a man who himself had conducted negotiations with kidnappers while in office. In June 2009, a group of nine foreign tourists were kidnapped near the city of Saada. Seven were killed and two children survived.
Yemen has historically enjoyed good relations with Somalia, its neighbour to the south and fellow Arab League member. Ethnic Somalis for the most part blend in well with Yemeni society, as they share centuries of close religious, commercial and social ties. Following the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia, Yemen unconditionally opened its borders to Somali asylum seekers. The ''World Refugee Survey 2008'', published by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, estimates that 110,600 Somali refugees lived in Yemen in 2007, which is a fraction of the estimated 700,000-strong Somali nationals already living and working in Yemen. There are also many Somalis who have received Yemeni citizenship due to marriage with Yemenis as well as through service to the nation over the years. In addition, Yemen and Somalia have a long history of trade and inter-action, with many of Somalia's Sultans, such as Yusuf Ali Kenadid and Gerad Ali Dable, often being exiled to and recruiting troops from Yemen's Hadhramaut region. Somalia has also over the centuries seen successive waves of immigration from Yemen, with Hadhrami settlers being instrumental in helping to consolidate the Muslim community in the coastal Benadir region in particular. During the colonial period, disgruntled Yemenis from the Hadhrami wars additionally sought and received asylum in various Somali towns. Yemen also maintains good relations with Djibouti, its other predominantly Somali neighbor to the west across the Red Sea. With a rapidly expanding economy, a stable government, huge investments from fellow Persian Gulf Arab states, and a strategic maritime location in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, Djibouti stands as an important ally. While Djibouti is largely inhabited by Somalis, it is separate from the Somali Republic and holds its own seats in the United Nations and the League of Arab States. On February 22, 2008, the BBC reported that a company owned by Tarek bin Laden was planning to build a bridge across the Bab el Mandeb, linking Yemen with Djibouti.
Since 2004, a civil war has been fought in Northern Yemen between Yemeni forces and Shiite Houthi rebels. In 2009, the war spilled over into the neighboring border region of Saudi Arabia. This conflict is increasingly becoming a danger to regional stability, according to news reports by CNN and the BBC, as various countries are said to be involved, e.g. Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan. The United Nations and UNDP Yemen report a growing problem of civilians fleeing from the region. Yemen is said to have more than 60 million guns. The South Yemen insurgency has further destabilized the country.
Some news reports have suggested that, on orders from United States President Barack Obama, US warplanes fired cruise missiles at what officials in Washington claimed were Al Qaeda training camps in the provinces of Sana’a and Abyan on December 17, 2009. Other reports suggest that the airstrikes were carried out by Yemeni Mig-29 aircraft, probably helped by US intelligence, or that cruise missiles were launched from warships offshore. Officials in Yemen said that the attacks claimed the lives of more than 60 civilians, 28 of them children. Another airstrike was carried out on December 24. On January 3, 2010, the U.S. and British embassies in Yemen closed for security reasons after the failed plot to bomb a plane in Detroit and after reports of eight individuals planning an attack on the embassy itself. One was arrested with a suicide vest, while three others were killed. Four remained at large as of January 4, 2010.
Despite these tensions between the US and Yemen, as well as increasing worries about terrorism in Yemen, President Obama has stated that he has no plans to introduce US military forces into the country, a sentiment that was echoed by US General David Petraeus. However, the terrorism worries seemed justified as a foiled terrorist plot was apparently conceived in Yemen. Instead of military intervention, the US government intends to increase military aid to $140 million in 2010.
The geopolitical significance of Yemen (primarily its straits and oil fields) keeps this country in the sphere of U.S. strategic interests. Control over the Aden port - the "gate to Asia" - brings huge benefits to the USA and opens infinite possibilities for maneuvering in front of them. However, America is not the only nation to be interested in Yemen. China is trying hard to expand its influence in the Indian Ocean by associating with countries across the region including Yemen.
Demographics
The population of Yemen was about 24 million according to June 2011 estimates, with 46% of the population being under 15 years old and 2.7% above 65 years. In 1950, it was 4.3 million. By 2050, the population is estimated to increase to about 60 million.
Yemen has one of the world's highest birth rates; the average Yemeni woman bears five children. Although this is similar to the rate in Somalia to the south, it is roughly twice as high as that of Saudi Arabia and nearly three times as high as those in the more modernized Persian Gulf states. Yemen's population is increasing by 700,000 every year.
Yemenis are mainly of Arab origin. Arabic is the official language, although English is increasingly understood by citizens in major cities. In the Mahra area (the extreme east) and the island Soqotra, several ancient south-Arabic Semitic languages are spoken. When the former states of north and south Yemen were established, most resident minority groups departed. Yemen is still a largely tribal society. In the mountains of northern Yemen live some 400 Zaydi tribes. The African-descended group known as Al-Akhdam form a kind of hereditary caste in Yemen. Yemen officially abolished slavery in 1962. Yemenite Jews once formed a sizable Jewish minority in Yemen with a distinct culture. They also occupied key industries including silversmiths, and their influence on Yemeni culture is still discussed within the souks. However, most of them emigrated to Israel in the mid 20th century, following the Jewish exodus from Arab lands and Operation Magic Carpet. In the early 20th century, they had numbered about 50,000; they currently number only a few hundred individuals and reside largely in Sana'a. The original Jewish village, popularly called ''Bait-baws'', has since been left abandoned.
Arab traders have long operated in Southeast Asia, trading in spices, timber, and textiles. Most of the prominent Indonesians, Malaysians, and Singaporeans of Arab descent are Hadhrami people with origins in southern Yemen in the Hadramawt coastal region. As many as 4 million Indonesians are of Hadrami descent. and today there are almost 10,000 Hadramis in Singapore. The Hadramis emigrated not only to Southeast Asia but also to East Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Maqil were a collection of Arab Bedouin tribes of Yemeni origin who migrated westwards via Egypt. Several groups of Yemeni Arabs turned south to Mauritania, and by the end of the 17th century century, they dominated the entire country. They can also be found throughout Morocco and in Algeria as well as in other North African Countries.
According to the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Yemen hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 124,600 in 2007. Refugees and asylum seekers living in Yemen were predominantly from Somalia (110,600), Iraq (11,000), and Ethiopia (2,000). There are also about 70,000 Iraqis presently living in Yemen. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates that in 2008 more than 50,000 Somalis reached Yemen. Yemen's civil war has forced at least 175,000 Yemenis to flee their homes.
The Yemeni diaspora is largely concentrated in the United Kingdom, where between 70,000 and 80,000 Yemenis reside; just over 15,000 to 20,000 Yemenis reside in the United States, and 2,000 live in France. Saudi Arabia expelled 800,000 Yemenis in 1990 and 1991 to punish Yemen for its opposition to the Gulf War against Iraq.
Religion
Religion in Yemen consists primarily of two principal Islamic religious groups; 53% of the Muslim population is Sunni and 45% is Shiite according to the UNHCR. Sunnis are primarily Shafi'i but also include significant groups of Malikis and Hanbalis. Shi'is are primarily Zaidis and also have significant minorities of Twelver Shias and Musta'ali Western Isma'ili Shias (see Shia Population of the Middle East).The Sunnis are predominantly in the south and southeast. The Zaidis are predominantly in the north and northwest whilst the Ismailis are in the main centers such as Sana'a and Ma'rib. There are mixed communities in the larger cities. About 1 percent of Yemenis are non-Muslim, adhering to Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, and Atheism. In the Yemenite city of Aden, there is still a significant population of Hindus however some have left due to the current conflict in Yemen. In the 1980s, 44% of people in Aden were Hindus however this has rapidly decreased to most probably 10%.
Health
According to 2009 estimates, life expectancy in Yemen is 63.27 years.
Health care
Despite the significant progress Yemen has made to expand and improve its health care system over the past decade, the system remains severely underdeveloped. Total expenditures on health care in 2004 constituted 5% of gross domestic product. In that same year, the per capita expenditure for health care was very low compared with other Middle Eastern countries—US$34 per capita according to the World Health Organization. According to the World Bank, the number of doctors in Yemen rose by an average of more than 7% between 1995 and 2000, but as of 2004 there were still only three doctors per 10,000 people. In 2005 Yemen had only 6.1 hospital beds available per 10,000 persons. Health care services are particularly scarce in rural areas; only 25% of rural areas are covered by health services, compared with 80% of urban areas. Most childhood deaths are caused by illnesses for which vaccines exist or that are otherwise preventable. According to 2009 estimates, life expectancy in Yemen is 63.27 years.
Human rights
Yemen's human rights record is seriously marred by substantial inconsistencies between its obligations under International human rights instruments (ratified by Yemen) and legal practice under the Shari'a and tribal law/habits.Yemen's national human rights record was presented – for the first time – in the Human Rights Council in Geneva under the so-called Universal Periodic Review (UPR) between May and September 2009. Yemen accepted over one hundred recommendations by Council Members. While it promised to achieve progress on the establishment of a national Human Rights Commission and on legislation setting a minimum age for marriages (still highly controversial within the Yemeni tribal society), it squarely rejected the abolition of the death penalty.
The government and its security forces, often considered to suffer from rampant corruption, have been responsible for torture, inhumane treatment, and extrajudicial executions. There are arbitrary arrests of citizens, especially in the south, as well as arbitrary searches of homes. Prolonged pretrial detention is a serious problem, and judicial corruption, inefficiency, and executive interference undermine due process. Freedom of speech, the press, and religion are all restricted.
Human Rights Watch reported on discrimination and violence against women as well as on the abolition of the minimum marriage age of fifteen for women. The onset of puberty (interpreted by some to be as low as the age of nine) was set as a requirement for marriage instead. Publicity about the case of ten-year old Yemeni divorcee Nujood Ali brought the child marriage issue to the fore not only in Yemen but worldwide.
Forms of hostile prejudice directed towards disabled people and religious minorities have also been reported. Censorship is actively practiced, and in 2005 legislation was passed requiring journalists to reveal their sources under certain circumstances. The government has raised the start-up costs for newspapers and websites significantly. In violation of the Yemeni constitution, the security forces often monitor telephone, postal, and Internet communications. Journalists who tend to be critical of the government are often harassed and threatened by the police.
Since the start of the Sa'dah insurgency many people accused of supporting Al-Houthi have been arrested and held without charge or trial. According to the U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report 2007, "Some Zaydis reported harassment and discrimination by the Government because they were suspected of sympathizing with the al-Houthis. However, it appears the Government's actions against the group were probably politically, not religiously, motivated".
The U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants reported several violations of refugee and asylum seekers' rights in the organization's 2008 ''World Refugee Survey''. Yemeni authorities reportedly deported numerous foreigners without giving them access to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, despite the UN’s repeated requests. Refugees further reported violence directed against them by Yemeni authorities while living in refugee camps. Yemeni officials reportedly raped and beat camp-based refugees with impunity in 2007.
Languages
The official language is Modern Standard Arabic. Yemeni Arabic is spoken in several regional dialects.Yemen is one of the main homelands of the South Semitic family of languages, which includes the non-Arabic language of the ancient Hemiari. Its modern Yemeni descendants are closely related to the modern Semitic languages of Eritrea and Ethiopia. However, only a small remnant of those languages exists in modern Yemen, notably on the island of Socotra and in the back hills of the Hadhramaut coastal region. Modern South Arabian languages spoken in Yemen include Mehri, with 70,643 speakers, Soqotri, with an estimated 43,000 speakers in the Socotra archipelago (2004 census) and 67,000 worldwide, Bathari (with an estimated total of only 200 speakers), and Hobyót language.
Foreign language in public schools is taught from grade seven onwards, though the quality of public school instruction is low. Private schools using a British or American system teach English and produce proficient speakers, but Arabic is the dominant language of communication. The number of English speakers in Yemen is small compared to other Arab countries such as Egypt, Lebanon, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia.
There is a significant number of Russian speakers, originating from Yemeni-Russian cross-marriages occurring mainly in the 1970s and 1980s. A small Vietnamese-speaking community is found in the capital city of Sana'a, originating from Yemeni immigrants expatriated from Vietnam after the Vietnam War in the 1970s.
A small yet rising number of ethnic Chinese in Sana'a brought the Chinese language to the country, a byproduct of historic Chinese immigration. Also there are South Asian Languages spoken by the small but present South Asian community, most notably Hindi, Urdu and Marathi languages.
Culture
Yemen is a culturally rich country with influence from many civilizations, such as the early civilization of Sheba.
Cinema
The Yemeni film industry is in its early stages; only two Yemeni films have been released as of 2008. In 2005, ''A New Day in Old Sana'a'' deals with a young man struggling between whether to go ahead with a traditional marriage or go with the woman he loves. In August 2008, Yemen’s Interior Minister Mutahar al-Masri supported the launch of a new feature film to educate the public about the consequences of Islamist extremism. ''The Losing Bet'' was produced by Fadl al-Olfi. The plot follows two Yemeni jihadis, who return from years living abroad.
Education
In the strategic vision for the next 25 years since 2000, the government has committed to bring significant changes in the education system, thereby reducing illiteracy to less than 10% by 2025. Although Yemen’s government provides for universal, compulsory, free education for children ages six through 15, the U.S. Department of State reports that compulsory attendance is not enforced. The government developed the National Basic Education Development Strategy in 2003 that aimed at providing education to 95% of Yemeni children between the ages of six and 14 years and also at decreasing the gap between males and females in urban and rural areas.A seven year project to improve gender equity and the quality and efficiency of secondary education, focusing on girls in rural areas, was approved by the World Bank in March 2008. Following this, Yemen has increased its education spending from 4.5 % of GDP in 1995 to 9.6 % in 2005.
Sport
Football is the most popular sport in Yemen. The Yemen national football team competes in the FIFA and the AFC leagues. The country also hosts many football clubs that compete in the national or international leagues.Yemen's mountains provide many opportunities for outdoor sports, such as biking, rock climbing, hill climbing, skiing, hiking, mountain jumping, and more challenging mountain climbing. Mountain climbing and hiking tours to the Sarawat Mountains and the Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb, including the 5,000 m peaks in the region, are seasonally organized by local and international alpine agencies.
The coast of Yemen and Socotra island also provide many opportunities for water sports, such as surfing, bodyboarding, sailing, swimming, and scuba diving. Socotra island is home to one of the best surfing destinations in the world.
Camel jumping is popular among the Zaraniq tribe on the west coast of Yemen on the desert plain by the Red Sea. Camels are rounded up and placed side to side. Athletes jump from a running start to achieve height and length in the air. The jumpers train year round for competitions. Tribesmen tuck their robes around their waists to reduce impediment while running and leaping.
Yemen's biggest sports event was hosting the 2010 Gulf Cup of Nations in Aden and Abyan in the southern part of the country on November 22, 2010. Yemen was thought to be the strongest competitor, but was defeated in the first three matches of the tournament.
The Yemeni national team has never won a championship, though it includes many renowned Arab players.
World Heritage sites
Among Yemen’s natural and cultural attractions are four World Heritage sites.The Old Walled City of Shibam in Wadi Hadhramaut, inscribed by UNESCO in 1982, two years after Yemen joined the World Heritage Committee, is nicknamed "Manhattan of the Desert" because of its "skyscrapers." Surrounded by a fortified wall made of mud and straw, the 16th-century city is one of the oldest examples of urban planning based on the principle of vertical construction.
The ancient Old City of Sana’a, at an altitude of more than , has been inhabited for over two and a half millennia and was inscribed in 1986. Sana’a became a major Islamic centre in the 7th century, and the 103 mosques, 14 hammams (traditional bath houses), and more than 6,000 houses that survive all date from before the 11th century.
Close to the Red Sea Coast, the Historic Town of Zabid, inscribed in 1993, was Yemen’s capital from the 13th to the 15th century, and is an archaeological and historical site. It played an important role for many centuries because of its university, which was a center of learning for the whole Arab and Islamic world. Algebra is said to have been invented there in the early 9th century by the little-known scholar Al-Jaladi.
The latest addition to Yemen’s list of World Heritage Sites is the Socotra Archipelago. Mentioned by Marco Polo in the 13th century, this remote and isolated archipelago consists of four islands and two rocky islets delineating the southern limit of the Gulf of Aden. The site has a rich biodiversity. Nowhere else in the world do 37% of Socotra’s 825 plants, 90% of its reptiles and 95% of its snails occur. It is home to 192 bird species, 253 species of coral, 730 species of coastal fish, and 300 species of crab and lobster, as well as a range of ''Aloes'' and the Dragon’s Blood Tree (''Dracaena cinnabari''). The cultural heritage of Socotra includes the unique Soqotri language.
See also
Notes
External links
Category:Arab republics Category:Member states of the Arab League Category:Arabic-speaking countries and territories Category:Countries of the Indian Ocean Category:Countries bordering the Red Sea Category:Islamic states Category:Least developed countries Category:Middle Eastern countries Category:Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Category:Western Asian countries Category:States and territories established in 1990 Category:Western Asia Category:Member states of the United Nations
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