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1934
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945.
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Aki Aleong
Assing "Aki" Aleong (born December 19, 1934) is an American character actor and singer who has also been active in songwriting and musical production. He is probably best known for portraying Senator Hidoshi during the first season of the critically acclaimed series Babylon 5, as well as portraying Mr. Chiang, the aide to Nathan Bates in the weekly series of V: The Series. He also portrayed the character of Colonel Mitamura in Farewell to the King
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Akira Takarada
is a Japanese film actor who is most known in the west for his roles in the Godzilla film series.
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Al Kaline
Albert William "Al" Kaline (; born December 19, 1934 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a former professional baseball player and member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. Kaline was active from 1953 through 1974, playing his entire Major League career with the Detroit Tigers. Kaline still works for the Tigers as a front office official. Because of his lengthy career and longtime association with the Tigers organization, Kaline's nickname is "Mr. Tiger."
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Alan Bennett
Alan Bennett (born 9 May 1934) is an English playwright, screenwriter and author. Born in Leeds, he attended Oxford University where he studied history and performed with The Oxford Revue. He stayed to teach and research medieval history at the university for several years. His collaboration as writer and performer with Dudley Moore, Jonathan Miller and Peter Cook in the satirical revue Beyond the Fringe at the 1960 Edinburgh Festival brought him instant fame. He gave up academia, and turned to writing full time, his first stage play Forty Years On being produced in 1968.
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist, philosopher and author who is widely regarded as one of the most influential and best known scientists and intellectuals of all time. A German-Swiss Nobel laureate, he is often regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
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Albert I of Belgium
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Albert II of Belgium
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Aleksei Leonov
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Aleksei Yeliseyev
Aleksei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (; born July 13, 1934 in Zhizdra) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10.
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Alfred Schnittke
Alfred Garyevich Schnittke (, November 24, 1934 – August 3, 1998) was a Russian and Soviet composer. Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich. He developed a polystylistic technique in works such as the epic First Symphony (1969–1972) and First Concerto Grosso (1977). In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad. In the 1980s, he wrote his Second (1980) and Third (1983) String Quartets and the String Trio (1985); the ballet Peer Gynt (1985–1987); the Third (1981), Fourth (1984) and Fifth (1988) Symphonies; and the Viola (1985) and 1st Cello (1985–1986) Concertos. As his health deteriorated, Schnittke's music started to abandon much of the extroversion of his polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style.
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Alfred Steux
Alfred Steux (born May 24, 1892 in Dottignies - died August 9, 1934 in Paris ) was a Belgian road racing cyclist who participated in the 1919 Tour de France and finished tenth.
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Alice Liddell
Alice Pleasance Liddell (4 May 1852 – 16 November 1934), known for most of her adult life by her married name, Alice Hargreaves, inspired the children's classic ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. Her family surname Liddell'' is .
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Ammo Baba
uncle of Roland Baba David
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Anatoli Solonitsyn
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Andre Rodgers
Kenneth Andre Ian Rodgers (December 2, 1934 - December 13, 2004) was a Major League Baseball shortstop who played for the New York and San Francisco Giants (1957-60), Chicago Cubs (1961-64) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1965-67). He also played one season in Japan for the Taiyo Whales (1969). He batted and threw right-handed.
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Anne Haney
Anne Haney (March 4, 1934 – May 26, 2001) was an American actress, perhaps best known for her role as social worker Mrs. Sellner in Mrs. Doubtfire, Greta the secretary in Liar Liar, and for her unique, low-octave voice. She died of heart failure on May 26, 2001.
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Armi Kuusela
Armi Kuusela (born Armi Helena Kuusela on August 20, 1934 in Muhos) is a Finnish beauty queen. On May 24, 1952 she won the national beauty contest Suomen Neito and was presented with a trip to the United States to participate in the first-ever Miss Universe contest. She was the first winner of this beauty pageant originally created to sell swimsuits for Catalina swimwear.
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Arthur Henderson
Arthur Henderson (13 September 1863 – 20 October 1935) was a British Labour politician, who was the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate; he served three short terms as the Leader of the Labour Party from 1908–10, 1914–17 and 1931-32.
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Augusto Algueró
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Austrian Civil War
The Austrian Civil War (), also known as the February Uprising (), is a term sometimes used for a few days of skirmishes between socialist and conservative-fascist forces between 12 February and 16 February 1934, in Austria. The clashes started in Linz and took place principally in the cities of Vienna, Graz, Bruck an der Mur, Judenburg, Wiener Neustadt and Steyr, but also in some other industrial cities of eastern and central Austria.
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Baby Face Nelson
Lester Joseph Gillis (December 6, 1908 – November 27, 1934), known under the pseudonym George Nelson, was a bank robber and murderer in the 1930s. Gillis was known as Baby Face Nelson, a moniker given to him due to his youthful appearance and small stature. Usually referred to by criminal associates as "Jimmy", Nelson partnered with John Dillinger, helping him escape from prison in the famed "wooden pistol" escape, and was later labeled along with the remaining gang members as public enemy number one.
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Barbara Eden
Barbara Eden (born Barbara Jean Morehead; August 23, 1934) is an American film and television actress and singer who is best known for her starring role in the sitcom I Dream of Jeannie.
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Barbara McNair
Barbara McNair (March 4, 1934 – February 4, 2007) was an African-American singer and actress.
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Barry Hughart
Barry Hughart (born March 13, 1934) in Peoria, Illinois, is an American author of fantasy novels.
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Barry Humphries
John Barry Humphries, AO, CBE (born 17 February 1934) is an Australian comedian, satirist, dadaist, artist, author and character actor perhaps best known for his on-stage and television alter egos Dame Edna Everage, a Melbourne housewife and "gigastar", and Sir Les Patterson, Australia's foul-mouthed cultural attaché to the Court of St. James's. He is also a film producer and script writer, a star of London's West End musical theatre, an award-winning writer and an accomplished landscape painter.
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Barry Rose
Barry Michael Rose (born 24 May 1934) is a choir trainer and organist. He is best known for conducting the choir of St Paul's Cathedral at the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George Windsor) and Diana, Princess of Wales (Lady Diana Frances Spencer) at St Paul's Cathedral in London on Wednesday 29 July 1981.
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Bart Starr
Bryan Bartlett "Bart" Starr (born January 9, 1934 in Montgomery, Alabama) is a former professional American football player and coach. Wearing #15, he was the quarterback for the Green Bay Packers from 1956 to 1971 and the Most Valuable Player of the first two Super Bowls. He earned four Pro Bowl selections and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1977. The son of an Air Force NCO, Starr played high school football at Lanier High School in Montgomery, Alabama, where he earned a spot in the school's Hall of Fame. He played college football at Alabama, and was a 17th round pick (200th overall) in the 1956 NFL Draft. After his playing career, Starr was the head coach of the Packers for nine seasons (1975–1983), compiling a 52–76–3 record.
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Barton Myers
Barton Myers, FAIA (born in Norfolk, Virginia, November 6, 1934) is an American and Canadian architect and president of Barton Myers Associates, Inc. in Los Angeles, California.
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Beatriz Sheridan
Beatriz Sheridan (June 25, 1934 – April 30, 2006) was a Mexican actress and director. She died from a heart attack.
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Bengt I. Samuelsson
Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (born May 21, 1934) is a Swedish biochemist.
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Benjamin Baillaud
Édouard Benjamin Baillaud (14 February 1848 – 8 July 1934) was a French astronomer.
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Bettino Craxi
Benedetto (Bettino) Craxi () (24 February 1934 – 19 January 2000) was an Italian politician, head of the Italian Socialist Party from 1976 to 1993, the first socialist President of the Council of Ministers of Italy from 1983 to 1987.
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Beverly Armstrong
Beverly Armstrong [Stuert] (born September 27, 1934) is a former female pitcher who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right-handed. Sometimes she is credited as Bev Steuert.
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Bill Bixby
Bill Bixby (January 22, 1934 – November 21, 1993) was an American film and television actor, director, and frequent game show panelist.
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Billy Boston
William John "Billy" Boston MBE is a former Wales and Great Britain rugby league player. Boston is a member of the Rugby League Hall of Fame, Welsh Sports Hall of Fame and was, along with Shaun Edwards the first to be voted into the Wigan RLFC Hall Of Fame. He was awarded an MBE in 1986.
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Binoy Majumdar
Binoy Majumdar () (1934-2006) was a Bengali poet. Binoy received the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award in 2005.
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Bobby Unser
Robert William "Bobby" Unser (born February 20, 1934 in Colorado Springs, Colorado) is a retired U.S. automobile racer. He is the brother of Al Unser, Jerry Unser and Louie Unser, the father of Robby Unser, and the uncle of Al Unser, Jr. and Johnny Unser. He is one of seven drivers to win the Indianapolis 500 three times, and one of only two to have won the 500 in three different decades (1968, 75, 81). Bobby has also been a spokesman and advocate of Amsoil.
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Bonnie Parker
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Boris Volynov
Boris Valentinovich Volynov (; born December 18, 1934 in Irkutsk) is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21. He was the first Jewish astronaut.
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Brian Epstein
Brian Samuel Epstein () (19 September 1934 – 27 August 1967) was a British music entrepreneur, and the manager of The Beatles. He also managed several other musical artists such as Gerry & the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Cilla Black, The Remo Four & The Cyrkle. His management company was named NEMS Enterprises, after his family's music stores, called NEMS (North End Music Stores).
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Brigitte Bardot
Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot (, ; born 28 September 1934) is a French animal rights activist and a former fashion model, actress and singer.
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Bud Luckey
William "Bud" Luckey (born 1934) is an American cartoonist, animator, singer, musician, and composer. He is best known for his work at Pixar as a character designer for Toy Story, Boundin', Toy Story 2, ''A Bug's Life, Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo, Cars, The Incredibles, and Ratatouille. He is also beloved by generations of Sesame Street'' viewers for his numerous short animated films on that program.
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Bud Selig
Allan Huber "Bud" Selig
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Carl Levin
Carl Milton Levin (born June 28, 1934) is a Democratic United States Senator from Michigan and is the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Armed Services. In the Senate since 1979, he has been Michigan's senior senator since 1995. He has served as a U.S. Senator longer than any Senator in Michigan history. He was elected to a sixth term in 2008, which will end in January 2015. He is the younger brother of U.S. Representative Sander M. Levin.
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Carl Sagan
Carl Edward Sagan (; November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, astrophysicist, author, cosmologist, and highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics and other natural sciences. During his lifetime, he published more than 600 scientific papers and popular articles and was author, co-author, or editor of more than 20 books. In his works, he advocated skeptical inquiry and the scientific method. He pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI).
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Carlo Rubbia
Carlo Rubbia (born on 31 March 1934 in Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.
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Cass Gilbert
:''Not to be confused with American architect C.P.H. Gilbert
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was the most popular British novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literature's most iconic characters.
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Charles Jenkins Sr.
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Charles Kuralt
Charles Kuralt (September 10, 1934 – July 4, 1997) was an American journalist. He was most widely known for his long career with CBS, first for his "On the Road" segments on The CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite, and later as the first anchor of CBS News Sunday Morning, a position he held for fifteen years.
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Charles Manson
Charles Milles Manson (born November 12, 1934) is an American criminal who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s. He was found guilty of conspiracy to commit the Tate/LaBianca murders carried out by members of the group at his instruction. He was convicted of the murders through the joint-responsibility rule, which makes each member of a conspiracy guilty of crimes his fellow conspirators commit in furtherance of the conspiracy's object.
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Charles S. Liebman
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Charlotte Gilman
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Chinese Communists
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Chuck Hiller
Charles Joseph Hiller (October 1, 1934 - October 20, 2004) was an American professional baseball player in Major League Baseball. He primarily played second base.
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Chuck Swindoll
Charles Rozell "Chuck" Swindoll (born October 18, 1934) is an evangelical Christian pastor, author, educator, and radio preacher. He founded Insight for Living, currently headquartered in Plano, Texas, which airs a radio program of the same name on more than 2,000 stations around the world in 15 languages. He is currently the senior pastor of Stonebriar Community Church, in Frisco, Texas.
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Clark Gable
William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 – November 16, 1960) was an American film actor, nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Gable seventh among the greatest male stars of all time.
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Claudette Colbert
Claudette Colbert (; September 13, 1903 — July 30, 1996) was a French-born American stage and film actress.
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Clive Granger
Sir Clive William John Granger (September 4, 1934 – May 27, 2009) was a British economist, and Professor Emeritus at the University of California, San Diego. In 2003, Granger was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. In bestowing this honor, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences committee recognized that Granger (and co-winner, long-time UC San Diego colleague, Robert F. Engle) had made fundamental discoveries in the analysis of time series data and that this work was widely known fundamentally to have changed the way economists analyze financial and macroeconomic data.
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Clyde Barrow
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Cole Porter
Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 – October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. His works include the musical comedies Kiss Me, Kate, Fifty Million Frenchmen, DuBarry Was a Lady and Anything Goes, as well as songs like "Night and Day", "I Get a Kick out of You", "Well, Did You Evah!" and "I've Got You Under My Skin". He was noted for his sophisticated, bawdy lyrics, clever rhymes and complex forms. Porter was one of the greatest contributors to the Great American Songbook. Cole Porter is one of the few Tin Pan Alley composers to have written both the lyrics and the music for his songs.
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Dave Hull
Dave Hull, aka The Hullabalooer, is a Los Angeles radio personality voted one of the top ten LA radio personalities of all time. Born c. 1933, he admitted to being 75 in a Palm Springs newspaper article dated 10/12/08.
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Del Close
Del Close (March 9, 1934 – March 4, 1999) is considered one of the premier influences on modern improvisational theater. An actor, improviser, writer, and teacher, Close had a prolific career, appearing in a number of films and television shows. He was a co-author of the book Truth in Comedy along with partner Charna Halpern, which outlines techniques now common to longform improvisational theater and describes the overall structure of “Harold” which remains a common frame for longer improvisational scenes. His favorite framework for comedic storytelling was the structures of Wagner’s Ring Cycle.
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Denny Miller
Denny Scott Miller (born April 25, 1934, in Bloomington, Indiana) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his guest-starring roles on ''Gilligan's Island'' and as Tarzan in the late 1950s.
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Diana Wynne Jones
Diana Wynne Jones (born London 16 August 1934) is a British writer, principally of fantasy novels for children and adults, as well as a small amount of non-fiction. Some of her better-known works include the Chrestomanci series and the novels ''Howl's Moving Castle and Dark Lord of Derkholm''.
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Dionne quintuplets
The Dionne quintuplets (born May 28, 1934) are the first quintuplets known to survive their infancy. The sisters were born just outside Callander, Ontario, Canada near the village of Corbeil.
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Dominic Chianese
Dominic Chianese (; born February 24, 1931) is an American film, television and theatre actor, perhaps best known for his role as Corrado "Junior" Soprano on the HBO TV series, The Sopranos.
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Don Hastings
Donald Francis Hastings (born April 1, 1934) is an American actor, singer, and writer best known for his decades-long portrayal of Dr. Robert "Bob" Hughes" on the soap opera As the World Turns. Hastings has been active in show business (radio/theater) since 1940 and active on television since 1947.
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Donnie Dunagan
Donald "Donnie" Roan Dunagan (born August 16, 1934) is semi-retired American former child actor and United States Marine Corps drill instructor. He was a voice actor in the Bambi film, providing the voice of Young Bambi. A 28-page Dunagan interview, his first after decades as a "lost Hollywood player," can be found in the book "Earth vs. the Sci-Fi Filmmakers" (Jefferson NC: McFarland & Co., 2006) by Tom Weaver. He was born in San Antonio, Texas, United States.
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Dorothy Dell
Dorothy Dell (January 30, 1915 – June 8, 1934) was an American film actress.
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Dwayne Hickman
Dwayne Bernard Hickman (born May 18, 1934) is a former American child/teen actor and television executive of CBS, who is primarily known for his roles on sitcoms and television. The naturally brown-headed Hickman is best known for playing Bob Collins's (played by Bob Cummings) crazy teenaged nephew, Chuck MacDonald on the popular 1950s TV series, The Bob Cummings Show (a.k.a, Love That Bob), and the title character in The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.
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Earl King
''This article is about the musical artist. For the Earl King convicted of murdering a ship's officer, see Earl King, Ernest Ramsay, and Frank Conner''
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Ebenezer Scrooge
Ebenezer Scrooge is the principal character in Charles Dickens' 1843 novel, A Christmas Carol. At the beginning of the novel, Scrooge is a cold-hearted, tight-fisted and greedy man, who despises Christmas and all things which engender happiness. Dickens describes him thus: "The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, made his eyes red, his thin lips blue, and he spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice ..." His last name has come into the English language as a byword for miserliness and misanthropy, traits displayed by Scrooge in the exaggerated manner for which Dickens is well-known. The tale of his redemption by the three Ghosts of Christmas (Ghost of Christmas Past, Ghost of Christmas Present, and Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come) has become a defining tale of the Christmas holiday. Scrooge's catchphrase, "Bah, humbug!" is often used to express disgust with many of the modern Christmas traditions.
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Ed Flanders
Edward Paul Flanders (December 29, 1934 - February 22, 1995) was an American actor best known for his role as Dr. Donald Westphall in the television series St. Elsewhere.
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Eddie Ilarde
Edgar U. Ilarde (born August 25, 1934), also known as Eddie Ilarde, is a Filipino radio and television host who was elected to one term in the Philippine Senate. He also served one term each as a Congressman and as an Assemblyman of the Interim Batasang Pambansa. On radio and television, he hosted such programs as Kahapon Lamang and Student Canteen.
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Edith Yorke
Edith Yorke (23 December 1867 – 28 July 1934) was an English actress of the silent era. She appeared in 65 films between 1919 and 1933.
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Edmund Heines
Edmund Heines (July 21, 1897 in Munich – June 30, 1934 in Munich) was Ernst Röhm's deputy in the SA, and possibly one of his lovers as well. Adolf Hitler had a close friendship with Röhm, and to a lesser degree with Heines.
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Edward Elgar
Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, OM, GCVO (2 June 185723 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have achieved enduring popularity. Among his best-known compositions are orchestral works including the Enigma Variations, the Pomp and Circumstance Marches, concertos for violin and cello, and two symphonies. He also composed oratorios, including The Dream of Gerontius, chamber music and songs. He was appointed Master of the King's Musick in 1924.
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Eileen Atkins
Dame Eileen June Atkins, DBE (born 16 June 1934) is an English actress and occasional screenwriter.
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Elgin Baylor
Elgin Gay Baylor (born September 16, 1934 in Washington, D.C.) is a retired Hall of Fame American basketball player and former NBA general manager who played 13 seasons as a forward for the NBA's Minneapolis Lakers/Los Angeles Lakers.
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Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuss (in German: Engelbert Dollfuß; October 4, 1892 – July 25, 1934) was an Austrian Christian Social and Patriotic Front statesman. He served as the chancellor of Austria from 1932, and was dictator from 1933 until his assassination by Nazi agents in 1934.
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Englebert Dolfuss
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Erich Mühsam
Erich Mühsam (6 April 1878 – 10 July 1934) was a German-Jewish anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic.
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Ernst Röhm
Ernst Julius Röhm, (November 28, 1887 – July 2, 1934) was an Imperial German army officer and later a Nazi leader. He was a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung ("Storm Battalion"; SA), the Nazi Party militia and later was the SA commander. In 1934, as part of the Night of the Long Knives, he was executed on Hitler's orders as a potential rival.
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Ethel Merman
Ethel Merman (January 16, 1908 – February 15, 1984) was an American actress and singer. Known primarily for her powerful voice and roles in musical theatre, she has been called "the undisputed First Lady of the musical comedy stage." Among the many standards introduced by Merman in Broadway musicals are "I Got Rhythm", "Everything's Coming Up Roses", "I Get a Kick Out of You", "It's De-Lovely", "Friendship", "You're the Top", "Anything Goes", and "There's No Business Like Show Business", which later became her theme song.
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Eugene Cernan
Eugene "Gene" Andrew Cernan (born March 14, 1934) is a retired United States Navy officer and a former NASA astronaut and engineer. He has been into space three times: as co-pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966; as lunar module pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969; and as commander of Apollo 17 in December 1972. In that final lunar landing mission, Cernan became "the last man on the moon" since he was the last to re-enter the Apollo Lunar Module during its third and final extra-vehicular activity (EVA). (While crewmate Harrison Schmitt was "the last man to arrive on the moon" as Cernan left the module first). Cernan was also a backup crew member for the Gemini 12, Apollo 7 and Apollo 14 missions.
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. He is widely regarded as one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels, This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, Tender Is the Night and his most famous, the celebrated classic, The Great Gatsby. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with despair and age.
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Fannie Hurst
Fannie Hurst (October 18, 1889 - February 23, 1968) was an American novelist. Although her books are not well remembered today, during her lifetime some of her more famous novels were Stardust (1919), Lummox (1923), A President is Born (1927), Back Street (1931), and Imitation of Life (1933). Hurst is now best known for the screen adaptations of her works, such as the 1934 film Imitation of Life and the 1959 remake, based on her novel, which examined race relations.
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Filipino people
The Filipino people are an ethnic group primarily located in the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines. and about 11 million living outside the Philippines.
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Fleur Adcock
Fleur Adcock, CNZM, OBE (born 10 February 1934 in New Zealand) is a poet and an editor of English and Northern Irish ancestry, who has lived much of her life in England.
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Florence Henderson
Florence Agnes Henderson (born February 14, 1934) is an American actress and singer, best known for playing the role of Carol Brady in the television program The Brady Bunch, which ran from 1969 to 1974. As of 2010, she hosts the American TV talk show The Florence Henderson Show.
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Frank Capra
Frank Russell Capra (May 18, 1897 – September 3, 1991) was a Sicilian-born American film director and a creative force behind a number of films of the 1930s and 1940s, including It Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Lost Horizon (1937), ''You Can't Take It With You (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), Meet John Doe (1941), Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) and It's a Wonderful Life'' (1946).
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Frank Hamer
Francis Augustus Hamer (March 17, 1884 – July 10, 1955) was a Texas Ranger, known in popular culture for his involvement in tracking down and killing the criminal duo Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow in 1934. In a career that spanned the last days of the Wild West well into the automobile age, Hamer acquired legendary status in Texas and the Southwest as the archetypal Texas Ranger. He is an inductee to the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 projects, which resulted in more than 500 completed works.
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Franklin Clarke
Franklin Clarke (born February 7, 1934 in Beloit, Wisconsin) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the Cleveland Browns and Dallas Cowboys.
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Frans Brüggen
Frans Brüggen (born October 30, 1934, Amsterdam) is a well-known Dutch conductor, recorder player and baroque flutist.
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Fred Nile
Frederick John Nile (born 15 September 1934), is an Australian politician, clergyman, nationalist and social activist. Nile has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 1981, except for a period in 2004 when he resigned to contest (unsuccessfully) the Australian Senate at the 2004 federal election. Nile was re-elected for another term at the March 2007 state election. As the longest serving member of the New South Wales parliament, he held the unofficial position of Father of the House.
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Frederick Delius
Frederick Albert Theodore Delius CH (29 January 1862 – 10 June 1934) was an English composer. He spent much of his early adulthood in St. Johns County, Florida. His time in the US influenced his music, especially his interest in African-American spirituals and folk music.
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Gaston Doumergue
Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (; Aigues-Vives, Gard, 1 August 1863 18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives) was a French politician of the Third Republic.
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Gay Byrne
Gabriel Mary "Gay" Byrne (born 5 August, 1934; affectionately known as "Gaybo" or "Uncle Gaybo") is a veteran Irish presenter of radio and television. His most notable role was first host of The Late Late Show over a 37-year period spanning 1962 until 1999. His time working in Britain with Granada Television saw him become the first person to introduce The Beatles on screen.
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George Hoyt Whipple
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George Roper
This is an article about the British comedian. For information on the British sitcom character, see Man About the House.
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George W. Hill
George William Hill (April 25, 1895 – August 10, 1934) was an American film director and cinematographer.
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Gilbert Strang
William Gilbert Strang (born November 27, 1934), usually known as simply Gilbert Strang, is a renowned American mathematician, with contributions to finite element theory, the calculus of variations, wavelet analysis and linear algebra. He has made many contributions to mathematics education, including publishing seven classic mathematics textbooks and one definitive monograph. Strang is a Professor of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He teaches Introduction to Linear Algebra and Computational Science and Engineering and his lectures are freely available on [http://ocw.mit.edu ocw.mit.edu].
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Giorgio Armani
Giorgio Armani (born 11 July 1934) is an Italian fashion designer, particularly noted for his menswear. He is known today for his clean, tailored lines. He formed his company, Armani, in 1975, and by 2001 was acclaimed as the most successful designer to come out of Italy, with an annual turnover of $1.6 billion and a personal fortune of $5.3 billion.
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Gloria Steinem
Gloria Marie Steinem (born March 25, 1934) is an American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the Women's Liberation Movement in the late 1960s and 1970s. A prominent writer and political figure, Steinem has founded many organizations and projects and has been the recipient of many awards and honors. She co-founded Ms. Magazine and was a columnist for the New York magazine in the 1960s and also worked there as a columnist. In 1969, she published an article, ''"After Black Power, Women's Liberation"'' which, along with her early support of abortion rights, catapulted her to national fame as a feminist leader. In 2005, Steinem worked alongside Robin Morgan and Jane Fonda to co-found the Women's Media Center, an organization that works to amplify the voices of women in the media through advocacy, media and leadership trainining, and the creation of original content. Steinem currently serves on the board of the organization. She continues to involve herself in politics and media affairs as a commentator, writer, lecturer, and organizer, campaigning for candidates and reforms and publishing books and articles.
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Gloria Vanderbilt
Gloria Laura Morgan Vanderbilt (born February 20, 1924) is an American artist, actress, heiress, and socialite most noted as an early developer of designer blue jeans. She is a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family of New York and mother of CNN's Anderson Cooper.
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Grady Nutt
Grady Nutt (September 2, 1934–November 23, 1982) was a Southern Baptist minister, humorist, television personality, and author. His humor revolved around rural Southern Protestantism and earned him the title as "The Prime Minister of Humor."
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Graham Kerr
Graham Kerr (born January 22, 1934 in London) is a cooking personality who gained fame through his cooking show The Galloping Gourmet.
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Gregor Strasser
Gregor Strasser (also Straßer, see ß) (May 31, 1892 – June 30, 1934) was a politician of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). He was murdered in Berlin during the Night of the Long Knives.
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Gustav Holst
Gustav Theodore Holst (born Gustavus Theodor von Holst, 21 September 187425 May 1934) was an English composer. He is most famous for his orchestral suite The Planets.
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Hamilton Camp
Hamilton Camp (30 October 1934 – 2 October 2005) was an English-American singer, songwriter, actor and voice actor.
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Hank Aaron
Henry Louis "Hank" Aaron (born February 5, 1934 in ) is a retired American baseball player whose Major League Baseball (MLB) career spanned the years 1954 through 1976. Aaron is widely considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time. In 1999, editors at The Sporting News ranked Hank Aaron fifth on their list of "Greatest Baseball Players".
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Harlan Ellison
Harlan Jay Ellison (born May 27, 1934) is an American writer. His principal genre is speculative fiction.
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Harold Henning
Harold Henning (3 October 1934 – 1 January 2004) was a South African professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour.
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Harry Blackstone Jr.
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Harry Steppe
Harry Steppe (born Abraham Stepner, March 16, 1888 – November 22, 1934 was a Jewish-American actor, musical comedy performer, headliner comedian, writer, director and producer , who toured North America working in Vaudeville and Burlesque. Steppe performed at several well-known theaters on the Columbia, Mutual and Orpheum circuits. As one of Bud Abbott's first partners, Harry introduced Bud to Lou Costello in 1934.
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Hayyim Nahman Bialik
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Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was Reichsführer of the SS, a military commander, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. As Chief of the German Police and later the Minister of the Interior, Himmler oversaw all internal and external police and security forces, including the Gestapo. Serving as Reichsführer and later as Commander of the Replacement (Home) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the entire Reich's administration (Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung), Himmler rose to become the second most powerful man in Nazi Germany.
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Helen Craig
Helen Craig (born 30 August 1934 in London, England, UK) is a British children's book illustrator and author, best known for creating the Angelina Ballerina series of children's books with writer Katharine Holabird.
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Henry Cooper (boxer)
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Herbert Chapman
Herbert Chapman (19 January 1878 – 6 January 1934) was an English association football player and manager. Though he had an undistinguished playing career, he went on to become one of the most successful and influential managers in early 20th century English football, before his sudden death in 1934.
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Howard Martin Temin
For the British doctor, see Howard Martin
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Hélène Boucher
Hélène Boucher (born 23 May 1908 in Paris; died 30 November 1934 in Guyancourt near Versailles) was a French pilot.
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Jackie Joseph
Jackie Joseph (born November 7, 1934) is an American character actress, voice artist, and writer known for portraying the film characters of: Audrey Fulquard in the original The Little Shop of Horrors, Sheila Futterman in both Gremlins films, and the voice of Melody in the animated television series Josie and the Pussycats and Josie and the Pussycats in Outer Space. She was a regular on The Doris Day Show portraying Doris' friend, Jackie Parker and also famously played the love interest of Ernest T. Bass on The Andy Griffith Show.
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James Drury
James Child Drury (born April 18, 1934) is an American actor who played the title role in the 90-minute weekly Western television series The Virginian, broadcast on NBC from 1962-1971. The series had perhaps the most demanding production schedules in the history of network television.
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Jamie Farr
Jamie Farr (born July 1, 1934) is an American television and film actor. He is best known for playing the role of cross-dressing Corporal (later Sergeant) Maxwell Q. Klinger in the television sitcom M*A*S*H.
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Jane Goodall
Dame Jane Morris Goodall, DBE (born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall on 3 April 1934), is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues.
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Janez Strnad
Janez Strnad (born March 4, 1934) is a Slovene physicist and populariser of natural science.
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Jayakanthan
Jayakanthan () (born April 24, 1934) is a Tamil writer, essayist, journalist, pamphleteer, film-maker and critic. He was an iconoclast who ridiculed social anomalies and was known for his bold and revolutionary ideas. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 2009.
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Jean Chrétien
Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien () is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003.
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Jean Marsh
Jean Lyndsey Torren Marsh (born 1 July 1934) is an English actress, occasional screenwriter, and co-creator of the television series Upstairs, Downstairs and The House of Eliott.
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Jean-Michel Folon
Jean-Michel Folon (1 March 1934–20 October 2005) was a Belgian artist, illustrator, painter, and sculptor. Folon was born in Uccle, Brussels, Belgium in 1934 where he studied architecture at the Institut Saint-Luc. In 1955 he settled in a gardener’s house in the outskirts of Paris. Over a period of five years he drew morning, noon and night. In 1985 he moved to Monaco where he worked in a large workshop surrounded by numerous artists.
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Jeremy Wolfenden
Jeremy Wolfenden ( 26 June 1934, England – December 28, 1965) was a foreign correspondent and British spy at the height of the Cold War.
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Jerry Nelson
Jerry Nelson (born July 10, 1934) is an American Muppet puppeteer, known for his wide range of characters, singing abilities, and his frequent partnership with Richard Hunt.
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Jill Ker Conway
Jill Ker Conway (born 9 October 1934) is an Australian-American author. her autobiographies, in particular her first memoir, The Road from Coorain. She was also Smith College's first woman president, from 1975-1985, and now serves as a Visiting Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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Jim Inhofe
James Mountain "Jim" Inhofe (; born November 17, 1934) is an American politician from Oklahoma. He is a member of the Republican Party and currently serves as the senior Senator from Oklahoma. A former the State Representative and Senator, Inhofe served eight years in the United States Congress before election to the Senate in 1994.
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Jim Lehrer
James Charles "Jim" Lehrer (; born May 19, 1934) is an American journalist and the news anchor for PBS Newshour on PBS, known for his role as a frequent debate moderator during elections. Lehrer is an author of non-fiction and fiction, drawing from his experiences and interests in history and politics.
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Joan Didion
Joan Didion (born December 5, 1934) is an American author best known as a novelist and writer of personalized, journalistic essays. The disintegration of American morals and cultural chaos upon which her essays comment are explored more fully in her novels, where the overriding theme is individual and social fragmentation. A sense of anxiety or dread permeates much of her work.
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Joan Hackett
Joan Ann Hackett (March 1, 1934 – October 8, 1983) was an American actress who appeared on stage, in films, and on television.
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Joanna Moore
Joanna Cook Moore (November 10, 1934 – November 22, 1997) was an American film and television actress best known for her guest roles on the popular television shows of the 1960s, most notably as Sheriff Andy Taylor's love interest, Peggy "Peg" McMillan in four episodes of The Andy Griffith Show. She was married to actor Ryan O'Neal and is the mother of Tatum O'Neal. She is often credited as Joanna Moore.
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Johan Laidoner
Johan Laidoner (b. February 12, 1884, Viiratsi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia - d. March 13, 1953, Vladimir Prison Camp, Russia) was a seminal figure of Estonian history between the World Wars. His highest position was Commander-in-chief of the Estonian Army in 1918–1920, 1924–1925, and 1934–1940.
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John Dillinger
John Herbert Dillinger Jr. (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was a gangster and bank-robber in the Depression-era United States. He was charged with the murder of an East Chicago police officer, but never convicted. During his bank heists, a dozen victims—prison officers, police, federal agents, gangsters, and civilians—were killed. His gang robbed two dozen banks and four police stations. Dillinger escaped from jail twice.
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John Gowans
John Gowans (born 13 November 1934) was the sixteenth General of the Salvation Army from 1999–2002, succeeding General Paul Rader. He is also notable for pairing with General John Larsson in the composition of many songs and musicals.
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John McGraw
John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed "Little Napoleon" and "Muggsy", was a Major League Baseball player and manager. Much-lauded as a player, McGraw was one of the standard-bearers of dead-ball era major league baseball. Known for having fists as quick as his temper, McGraw used every advantage he could get as both a player and manager. He took full advantage of baseball's initial structure that only provided for one umpire, becoming notorious for tripping, blocking, and impeding a baserunner in any way he could while the umpire was distracted by the flight of the ball. His profligacy in employing such tactics may have led to additional umpires being assigned to monitor the basepaths.
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John N. Bahcall
John Norris Bahcall (December 30, 1934 – August 17, 2005) was an American astrophysicist, best known for his contributions to the solar neutrino problem, the development of the Hubble Space Telescope and for his leadership and development of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
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John Surtees
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Jonas Savimbi
Jonas Malheiro Savimbi (August 3, 1934 – February 22, 2002) was an Angolan rebel leader. Savimbi led UNITA, a rebel group that fought against the initially pro-Soviet MPLA in the Angolan Civil War until his death in a clash with Government troops in 2002.
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Jonathan Miller
Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller CBE (born 21 July 1934) is a British theatre and opera director, author, television presenter, humorist and sculptor. Trained as a physician in the late 1950s, he first came to prominence in the 1960s with his role in the BBC comedy sketch show Beyond the Fringe with fellow writers and performers Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Alan Bennett. Despite having seen few operas and not knowing how to read music, he began stage-directing them in the 1970s and has since become one of the world's leading opera directors with several classic productions to his credit. His best-known production is probably his 1982 "Mafia"-styled Rigoletto set in 1950s Little Italy, Manhattan. He has also become a well-known television personality and familiar public intellectual in the UK and US.
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Joseph P. Hoar
General Joseph P. Hoar (born December 30, 1934) is a retired U.S. Marine Corps officer, former Commander in Chief of United States Central Command. He retired from the Corps on September 1, 1994.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and head of state who served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. After the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Stalin rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union, which he ruled as a dictator.
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Joyce Van Patten
Joyce Benignia Van Patten (born March 9, 1934) is an American stage, film and television actress.
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Judi Dench
Dame Judith Olivia "Judi" Dench, CH, DBE, FRSA (born 9 December 1934) is an English film, stage and television actress.
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Junior Wells
Junior Wells (December 9, 1934January 15, 1998), born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr., was a blues vocalist and harmonica player and recording artist based in Chicago, who was also famous for playing with Muddy Waters, Buddy Guy, Bonnie Raitt, The Rolling Stones and Van Morrison.
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Kalin Twins
The Kalin Twins (b. February 16, 1934, Port Jervis, New York) were a pop music recording duo, comprising twin brothers Hal and Herbie Kalin (d. August 24, 2005 and July 21, 2006, respectively).
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Karl Ernst
Karl Ernst (September 1, 1904, Berlin - † June 30, 1934, Berlin) was an SA Gruppenführer who, in early 1933, was the SA leader in Berlin. Before joining the NSDAP he had been a hotel bell-boy and a bouncer at a gay nightclub.
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Kate Sheppard
Katherine Wilson Sheppard (10 March 1847 – 13 July 1934) was the most prominent member of New Zealand's women's suffrage movement, and is the country's most famous suffragette. Because New Zealand was the first country to introduce universal suffrage, Sheppard's work had a considerable impact on women's suffrage movements in other countries.
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Ken Rex McElroy
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Kimon Georgiev
Colonel General Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov () (August 11, 1882, Pazardzhik — September 28, 1969) was a Bulgarian general and prime minister.
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Konstantin Päts
Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (23 February 1874 – 18 January 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia.
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Kurt von Schleicher
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Kārlis Ulmanis
Kārlis Augusts Vilhelms Ulmanis (September 4, 1877 in Bērze, Bērze Parish, Latvia — September 20, 1942 in Krasnovodsk prison, Soviet Union) was a prominent Latvian politician in pre-World War II Latvia during the Latvian period of independence from 1918 to 1940.
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Lansana Conte
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Larisa Latynina
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Larry Martyn
Lawrence "Larry" Martyn (22 March 1934 - 7 August 1994) was an English actor known for his comedy performances.
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Laurence Luckinbill
Laurence George Luckinbill (born November 21, 1934) is an American actor.
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Leon Wagner
Leon Lamar Wagner (May 13, 1934 - January 3, 2004) was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball who played with the San Francisco Giants (1958-59, 1969), St. Louis Cardinals (1960), Los Angeles Angels (1961-63), Cleveland Indians (1964-68) and Chicago White Sox (1968). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Wagner graduated from Tuskegee University. He was affectionately known as "Daddy Wags" during his playing days.
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Leonard Cohen
Leonard Norman Cohen, CC, GOQ (born 21 September 1934) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, poet and novelist. Cohen published his first book of poetry in Montreal in 1956 and his first novel in 1963. His work often deals with the exploration of religion, isolation, sexuality and interpersonal relationships. Famously reclusive, having once spent several years in a Zen Buddhist monastery, and possessing a persona frequently associated with mystique, he is extremely well-regarded by critics for his literary accomplishments, for the richness of his lyrics, and for producing an output of work of high artistic quality over a five-decade career.
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Leonid Nikolaev
Leonid Nikolaev (1904–December 29, 1934) was the assassin of Sergei Kirov, the first secretary of the Leningrad branch of the Communist Party.
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Lev Vygotsky
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (, born Lev Simyonovich Vygodsky; – June 11, 1934) was a Soviet psychologist and the founder of cultural-historical psychology.
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Lew Cody
Lew Cody, birth name Louis Joseph Côté (Born: February 22, 1884 to French parents in Waterville, Maine - Died: May 21, 1934 Beverly Hills, California) was an American actor whose career spanned the silent film and early sound film age. He originally studied to be a doctor but abandoned the idea of setting up in practise and became an actor. He started off on the stage but later went into films, with The Mating being his first.
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Lilyan Tashman
Lilyan Tashman (October 23, 1896 – March 21, 1934) was a Brooklyn-born Jewish American vaudeville, Broadway, and film actress. Tashman was best known for her supporting roles as tongue-in-cheek villainesses and the bitchy 'other woman'. She made sixty-six films over the course of her Hollywood career and although never obtained superstar status, her cinematic performances are "sharp, clever and have aged little over the decades".
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Lindbergh kidnapping
The kidnapping of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., was the abduction of the son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. The toddler, 20 months old at the time, was abducted from his family home in East Amwell, New Jersey, near the town of Hopewell, New Jersey, on the evening of March 1, 1932. Over two months later, on May 12, 1932, the body of Charles Lindbergh, Jr., was discovered a short distance from the Lindberghs' home.
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Lionel Barrymore
Lionel Barrymore (April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American actor of stage, screen and radio. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in A Free Soul (1931). He is well known for the role of the villainous Henry Potter in Frank Capra's 1946 film ''It's a Wonderful Life''.
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Lou Antonio
Lou Antonio (born January 23, 1934) is an American actor and TV director best known for performing in the films Cool Hand Luke and America, America. He also starred in two short-lived TV series, Dog and Cat, and ''Makin' It''.
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Lou Tellegen
Lou Tellegen (November 26, 1881 – October 29, 1934) was a Dutch-born silent film and stage actor, director and screenwriter.
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Louis Barthou
Jean Louis Barthou (; 25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic.
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Louis F. Gottschalk
Louis Ferdinand Gottschalk (October 7, 1864 - July 15, 1934) was an American composer born in St. Louis, Missouri. The son of a Missouri governor, also named Louis, his first notable work in music was as conductor of the U.S. premiere of Franz Lehár's The Merry Widow. He was a pioneer of original film music, largely due to his work with independent filmmaker L. Frank Baum, for whom he composed the musical, The Tik-Tok Man of Oz, to Baum's libretto, which producer Oliver Morosco decided not to bring to Broadway after only modest success in Los Angeles.
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Louis Tancred
Louis Joseph Tancred (7 October 1876 - 28 July 1934) was a South African cricketer who played in 14 Tests from 1902 to 1913, including three as captain.
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Louise Beavers
Louise Beavers (March 8, 1902 – October 26, 1962) was an American film and television actress. Beavers appeared in dozens of films from the 1920s to the 1930s, most often in the role of a maid, servant, or slave. A native of Cincinnati, Ohio, Beavers was a member of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority, one of the four African-American sororities.
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Lowell Sherman
Lowell Sherman (b. October 11, 1885, San Francisco, California - d. December 28, 1934, Hollywood, California) was an American actor and film director.
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Luigi Pirandello
Luigi Pirandello (; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, and short story writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934, for his "bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Typical for Pirandello is to show how art or illusion mixes with reality and how people see things in a very different way — words are unreliable and reality is at the same time true and false. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners for Theatre of the Absurd.
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Lute Olson
MedalCountry|
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Lázaro Cárdenas
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (May 21, 1895 – October 19, 1970) was President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.
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Maggie Smith
Dame Margaret Natalie Smith-Cross, DBE (born 28 December 1934), better known as Maggie Smith, is an English film, stage, and television actress who made her stage debut in 1952 and is still performing after 58 years. She has won numerous awards for acting, including five BAFTA Awards, two Academy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Emmy Awards and a Tony Award.
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Marie Curie
Marie Skłodowska Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a physicist and chemist of Polish upbringing and subsequent French citizenship. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity and the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes—in physics and chemistry. She was also the first female professor at the University of Paris.
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Marilyn Horne
Marilyn Horne (born January 16, 1934, Bradford, Pennsylvania) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer. She specialized in roles requiring a large sound, beauty of tone, excellent breath support, and the ability to execute difficult coloratura passages.
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Mario Davidovsky
Mario Davidovsky (born March 4, 1934) is an Argentine-American composer. Born in Argentina, he emigrated in 1960 to the US, where he lives today. He is best known for his series of compositions called Synchronisms, which in live performance incorporate both acoustic instruments and electroacoustic sounds played from a tape.
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Mark Rydell
Mark Rydell (born March 23, 1930, in New York City) is an American actor, film director and producer.
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Mark Strand
Mark Strand (born 11 April 1934) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American poet, essayist, and translator. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1990. Since 2005, he has been a professor of English at Columbia University.
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Mary Hunter Austin
Mary Hunter Austin (September 9, 1868 – August 13, 1934) was an American writer. One of the early nature writers of the American Southwest, her classic The Land of Little Rain (1903) describes the fauna, flora and people – as well as evoking the mysticism and spirituality – of the region between the High Sierras and the Mojave Desert of southern California.
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Mary Quant
Mary Quant, OBE, FCSD (born 11 February 1934 in Blackheath, London) is a British fashion designer who was instrumental in the mod fashion movement and one of the designers who took credit for inventing the miniskirt and hot pants. Born to Welsh parents, Quant went to Blackheath High School then studied illustration at Goldsmiths College before taking a career with a couture milliner. She is also famed for her work on pop art in fashion.
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Maureen Connolly
Maureen Catherine ("Little Mo") Connolly Brinker (September 17, 1934 – June 21, 1969) was an American tennis player who was the first woman to win all four Grand Slam tournaments during the same calendar year.
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Max Baer (boxer)
Maximilian Adelbert Baer (February 11, 1909 – November 21, 1959) was an American boxer of the 1930s, one-time Heavyweight Champion of the World, actor, entertainer, professional wrestler and referee.
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Michael Dunn (actor)
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Michel Corboz
Michel Corboz (born February 14, 1934) is a Swiss conductor.
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Mick Sullivan
:For the Australian rugby league footballer, see Michael Sullivan (rugby league)
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Monica Dacon
Dame Monica Jessie Dacon, DBE, CMG (born 4 June 1934), née Sheen, is a former Saint Vincent and the Grenadines schoolteacher, educator and politician. She is the widow of the late parliamentarian, the Hon St. Clair Dacon.
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Moreaux
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Nana Mouskouri
Nana Mouskouri (), born Ioánna Moúschouri () on October 13, 1934, in Chania, Crete, Greece, is a singer who has sold between 200 and 300 million records worldwide in a career spanning over five decades, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.. She was known as Nána to her friends and family as a child. (Note that in Greek her surname is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable - MOOS-hoo-ree - rather than the second.) She has recorded songs in many languages, including Greek, French, English, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Hebrew, Welsh and Maori.
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Nestor Makhno
Nestor Ivanovych Makhno (, ; – July 6, 1934) was a Ukrainian anarcho-communist guerrilla leader turned army commander who led an independent anarchist army in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War.
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Nick Bockwinkel
Nicholas Warren Francis "Nick" Bockwinkel (born December 6, 1934) is a retired American professional wrestler. He mainly competed in the American Wrestling Association (AWA) in the United States. He is a former multi-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion and co-holder of the AWA World Tag Team Championship.
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Niklaus Wirth
Niklaus Emil Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. In 1984 he won the Turing Award for developing a sequence of innovative computer languages.
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Nino Ferrer
Nino Ferrer (born Nino Agostino Arturo Maria Ferrari in Genoa, Italy, August 15, 1934, died in Quercy Blanc, Saint-Cyprien Lot, Montcuq, August 13, 1998) was a famous French - Italian singer, actor and jazz musician.
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Nolan Strong
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Ole H. Olson
Ole H. Olson (September 19, 1872 – January 29, 1954) was born in Mondovi, Wisconsin. After graduating from Concordia College, in Moorhead, Minnesota, he moved to North Dakota and eventually was elected to the North Dakota House of Representatives and later was elected to the North Dakota State Senate. Olson was elected the Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota. In 1934, governor William Langer was removed from office following a scandal, and Olson was sworn in as the 18th Governor of North Dakota. Olson served the remainder of the term of his predecessor, William Langer, when Langer was removed from office and sentenced to prison. Olson died in New Rockford, North Dakota on January 29, 1954 at the age of 81.
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Orion Samuelson
Orion "The Big O" Samuelson (first name pronounced OR-ee-uhn) (born March 31, 1934) is an American broadcaster, most widely known for hosting U.S. Farm Report. He was inducted in to the Radio Hall of Fame in 2003.
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Otis Rush
Otis Rush (born April 29, 1935 in Philadelphia, Mississippi) is a blues musician, singer and guitarist. His distinctive guitar style features a slow burning sound and long bent notes. With similar qualities to Magic Sam and Buddy Guy, his sound became known as West Side Chicago blues and became an influence on many musicians including Michael Bloomfield and Eric Clapton.
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Otto Hermann Kahn
Otto Hermann Kahn (February 21, 1867 – March 29, 1934) was an investment banker, collector, philanthropist, and patron of the arts.
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Paul Joseph Cohen
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Paul Rader
Dr. Paul A. Rader (born March 14, 1934) was General of the Salvation Army from 1994 - 1999, and was the President of Asbury University in Wilmore, Kentucky from 2000-2006.
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Paul von Hindenburg
Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (), known universally as Paul von Hindenburg (; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal, statesman, and politician, and served as the second President of Germany from 1925 to 1934.
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Pedro Pires
Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires (; born 29 April 1934) has been the President of Cape Verde since March 2001. Before becoming President, he was Prime Minister from 1975 to 1991.
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Peter Maxwell Davies
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, CBE (born 8 September 1934) is an English composer and conductor and is currently Master of the Queen's Music.
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Peter McParland
Peter James McParland, (Irish: Peadar Séamus Mac Parthaláin) MBE (born 25 April 1934 in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland) is a former professional footballer.
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Peter Nero
Peter Nero (born Bernard Nierow, 22 May 1934) is an American pianist and pops conductor.
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Pratibha Patil
Pratibha Devisingh Patil () (born 19 December 1934) is the 12th and current President of the Republic of India and first woman to hold the office. She was sworn in as President of India on 25 July 2007, succeeding Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
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President of Iran
The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in the Islamic Republic of Iran, but is subordinate to the Supreme Leader. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran the president is responsible for
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Pretty Boy Floyd
Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd (February 3, 1904 – October 22, 1934) was an American bank robber. He operated in various parts of the Midwest and his criminal exploits gained heavy press coverage in the 1930s. Like several other outlaws of that era, he remains a notorious figure in American popular culture.
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Primo Carnera
Primo Carnera (October 26, 1906 – June 29, 1967) was an Italian boxer, nicknamed the Ambling Alp, who became the world heavyweight champion.
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Ralph Nader
Ralph Nader (; born February 27, 1934) is an American attorney, author, lecturer, political activist, and four-time candidate for President of the United States, having run as a Green Party candidate in 1996 and 2000, and as an independent candidate in 2004 and 2008.
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Raymond Briggs
Raymond Redvers Briggs (born 18 January 1934) is an English illustrator, cartoonist, graphic novelist, and author who has achieved critical and popular success among adults and children. He is best known for his story "The Snowman", which is shown every Christmas on television in cartoon form and on the stage as a musical.
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Raymond Hood
Raymond Mathewson Hood (March 29, 1881 – August 14, 1934) was an early-mid twentieth century architect who worked in the Art Deco style. He was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, educated at Brown University, MIT, and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. At the latter institution he met John Mead Howells, with whom Hood later partnered. Hood frequently employed architectural sculptor Rene Paul Chambellan both to create sculpture for his building and to make plasticine models of his projects. He died at age 53 and was interred at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, NY.
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Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Poincaré (; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French conservative statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920.
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Renata Scotto
Renata Scotto (born February 24, 1934) is an Italian soprano and opera director.
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Renée Richards
Renée Richards (born August 19, 1934) is an American ophthalmologist, author and former professional tennis player. In 1975, Richards underwent sex reassignment surgery. She is known for initially being denied entry into the 1976 US Open by the United States Tennis Association, citing an unprecedented women-born-women policy. She disputed the ban, and the New York Supreme Court ruled in her favor in 1977. This was a landmark decision in favor of transsexual rights.
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Richard Chamberlain
Richard Chamberlain (born March 31, 1934) is an American actor of stage and screen who became a teen idol in the title role of the television show Dr. Kildare (1961-1966).
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Richard Shelby
Richard Craig Shelby (born May 6, 1934) is the senior U.S. Senator from Alabama. Originally elected to the Senate as a Democrat, Shelby switched to the Republican Party in 1994 when it gained the majority in Congress.
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Rico Rodriguez
This article is about the musician. For the martial artist Ricco Rodriguez see Ricco Rodriguez. For the fictional character named Rico Rodriguez see the Just Cause video game. For the rock musician Rico Rodriguez see Picture Atlantic.
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Rip Taylor
Charles Elmer "Rip" Taylor, Jr. (born January 13, 1934) is an American comedian and actor.
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Robert Lang (actor)
Robert Lang (24 September 1934 – 6 November 2004) was a versatile English actor who was spotted by Laurence Olivier and earned critical praise in an impressive variety of roles. Before Olivier invited him to join the National Theatre Company (later to become the Royal National Theatre), which he was founding at the Old Vic in the early 1960s, Robert Lang was already earning high praise as an actor. From 1971 until his death he was married to Ann Bell, best known for her portrayal of Marion Jefferson in the BBC war drama Tenko. The two appeared together in Tenko Reunion.
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Robert Moog
Dr. Robert Arthur Moog (, respell|), commonly called Bob Moog (May 23, 1934 – August 21, 2005) was an American pioneer of electronic music, best known as the inventor of the Moog synthesizer.
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Roberto Clemente
Roberto Clemente Walker (August 18, 1934 – December 31, 1972) was a Puerto Rican professional baseball player and a Major League Baseball right fielder. He was born in Carolina, Puerto Rico, the youngest of seven children. On November 14, 1964, he married Vera Zabala at San Fernando Church in Carolina. The couple had three children: Roberto Jr., Luis Roberto and Enrique Roberto. He began his professional career playing with the Santurce Crabbers in the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League (LBPPR). While he was playing in Puerto Rico, the Brooklyn Dodgers offered him a contract to play with the Montreal Royals. Clemente accepted the offer and was active with the team until he was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the Major League Baseball draft that took place on November 22, 1954.
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Rod Kanehl
Roderick Edwin Kanehl (April 1, 1934 – December 14, 2004) was an American second baseman and outfielder in Major League Baseball who played his entire career with the New York Mets (1962-1964). Beloved by Mets fans, his attitude was exemplary for a team that lost a modern-era record 120 games in its inaugural season. Kanehl hit the first grand slam in Mets history on July 6, 1962 at the Polo Grounds.
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Roger Fry
Roger Eliot Fry (14 December 1866 – 9 September 1934) was an English artist and art critic, and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Despite establishing his reputation as a scholar of the Old Masters, as he matured as a critic he became an advocate of more recent developments in French painting, to which he gave the name Post-Impressionism. He was the first figure to raise public awareness of modern art in Britain, and emphasized the formal properties of paintings over the "associated ideas" conjured in the viewer by their depicted content. He was described by the art historian Kenneth Clark as "incomparably the greatest influence on taste since Ruskin... In so far as taste can be changed by one man, it was changed by Roger Fry".IAN CHILVERS. "Fry, Roger." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Mar. 2009 .Retrieved 9 March 2009
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Rolland D. McCune
Rolland D. McCune (born June 3, 1934) is an American theologian who is professor of Systematic Theology at the Detroit Baptist Theological Seminary in Allen Park, Michigan, where he previously was the President of the Seminary for ten years and then Dean of the Faculty for six years. He is the author of several books and numerous articles and course syllabi in Christian theology and related topics.
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Roman Herzog
Roman Herzog (born 5 April 1934) is a German politician (CDU) and was President of Germany from 1994 to 1999. He was the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany to be elected to office after the reunification of Germany that took place in 1990, and the second person to serve as all-German head of State since the end of World War II.
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Ronnie Drew
Ronald "Ronnie" Drew (Irish: Ránall Ó Draoi ) (born "Joseph Ronald Drew") (16 September 1934 – 16 August 2008) was an Irish singer and folk musician who achieved international fame during a fifty year career recording with The Dubliners. He was born in Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin. He was best known for his long beard and his voice, which was once described by Nathan Joseph as being "like the sound of coke being crushed under a door".
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Rudyard Kipling
Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was a British author and poet. Born in Bombay, in British India, he is best known for his works of fiction The Jungle Book (1894) (a collection of stories which includes Rikki-Tikki-Tavi), Kim (1901) (a tale of adventure), many short stories, including The Man Who Would Be King (1888); and his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), and If— (1910). He is regarded as a major "innovator in the art of the short story"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best works are said to exhibit "a versatile and luminous narrative gift".
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Rue McClanahan
Rue McClanahan (February 21, 1934 – June 3, 2010) was an American actress, best known for her roles on television as Vivian Harmon on Maude, Fran Crowley on ''Mama's Family, and Blanche Devereaux on The Golden Girls'', for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in 1987.
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Russ Columbo
Ruggiero Eugenio di Rodolpho Colombo (January 14, 1908 – September 2, 1934), better known as Russ Columbo, was an American singer, violinist and actor, most famous for his signature tune, "You Call It Madness, But I Call It Love," his compositions "Prisoner of Love" and "Too Beautiful For Words", and the legend surrounding his early death.
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Sam Huff
Robert Lee "Sam" Huff (born October 4, 1934 in Edna Gas, West Virginia) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the New York Giants and the Washington Redskins. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1982.
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Samuel P. Cowley
Samuel P. Cowley (July 23, 1899 – November 27, 1934) was an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who was killed in the line of duty in a gunfight with Lester Gillis ("Baby Face Nelson") in 1934 near Barrington, Illinois.
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Samuel Zoll
Samuel Edward Zoll (born June 20, 1934, Salem, Massachusetts) is an American lawyer, judge and politician. He began his career as a high school teacher then became a lawyer, politician, then a judge. Later in life, he became the Chief Justice of the District Courts in Massachusetts.
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Sergei Kirov
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Shakeb Jalali
Shakeb Jalali (lang-ur|) (October 1, 1934 – November 12, 1966) was a Pakistani Urdu poet of a unique diction.
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Shirley MacLaine
Shirley MacLaine (born April 24, 1934) is an American film and theater actress, dancer, activist, and author, well-known for her beliefs in new age spirituality and reincarnation. She has written a large number of autobiographical works, many dealing with her spiritual beliefs as well as her Hollywood career. In 1983, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Terms of Endearment. She is the elder sister of actor Warren Beatty.
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Slovenes
Slovenes (Slovene Slovenci, dual Slovenca, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenke, dual Slovenki, singular Slovenka) are a South Slavic people primarily associated with Slovenia and the Slovene language.
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Sonny Jurgensen
Christian Adolph "Sonny" Jurgensen III (born August 23, 1934) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles and Washington Redskins. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1983.
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Sophia Loren
Sophia Loren (born Sofia Villani Scicolone; September 20, 1934) is an Italian actress.
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Sparky Anderson
George Lee "Sparky" Anderson (born February 22, 1934 in Bridgewater, South Dakota) is a former Major League Baseball manager. He managed the National League's Cincinnati Reds to the 1975 and 1976 championships, then added a third title in 1984 with the Detroit Tigers of the American League.
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Stanisław Grochowiak
Stanisław Grochowiak (January 24, 1934 in Leszno – September 2, 1976 in Warsaw) was a Polish poet and dramatist. His is often classified as a representative of turpism, because of his interest in the physical, ugly and brutal, but he also exhibits strong tendencies toward formal, rhymed poetry, reaching on many occasions the ornamental grace of a baroque style.
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Stanley Matthews
Sir Stanley Matthews, CBE (1 February 1915 – 23 February 2000) was an English footballer. Often regarded as one of the greatest players of the English game, he is the only player to have been knighted while still playing, as well as being the first winner of both the European Footballer of the Year and the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year awards. Matthews' nicknames included The Wizard of the Dribble and The Magician. A vegetarian teetotaller, he kept fit enough to play at the top level until he was 50 years old. He was also the oldest player ever to play in England's top football division and the oldest player ever to represent the country. He played his final competitive game in 1985, at the age of 70. Matthews was also an inaugural inductee to the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 to honour his contribution to the English game.
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Stjepan Mesic
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Sumedho
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Sydney Deane
Sydney Leslie Deane (1 March 1863 - 20 March 1934) was a first-class cricketer and entertainer, and the first Australian to appear in a Hollywood movie.
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Sydney Pollack
Sydney Irwin Pollack (July 1, 1934 – May 26, 2008) was an American film director, producer and actor. Pollack studied with Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City, where he later taught acting. He began directing television shows in the 1960s before moving to films.
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Takayuki Kubota
(born 1934) is a Grand Master 10 Dan, founder of the Gosoku-ryu style of karate, and founder and president of the International Karate Association.
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Tammy Grimes
Tammy Lee Grimes (born January 30, 1934) is an American actress and singer.
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Tina Louise
Tina Louise (born February 11, 1934) is an American actress, singer and author. She played the "movie star" Ginger Grant on the television situation comedy ''Gilligan's Island''.
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Togo Heihachiro
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Tom Heinsohn
Thomas William "Tom" Heinsohn (born August 26, 1934 in Jersey City, New Jersey) is a former professional basketball player, known for his time as a player on the Boston Celtics National Basketball Association (NBA) team. He also coached the team from 1970 to 1978. He is the only person to have the distinction of being involved one way or another in each of the Celtics 17 championships. He is currently the color commentator on the Celtics' television broadcasts on CSN New England.
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Tom Mangold
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Tomáš Masaryk
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Umberto Agnelli
Umberto Agnelli (1 November 1934 – 27 May 2004) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician. His brother was Gianni Agnelli.
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Valery Bykovsky
Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (; born 2 August 1934, Pavlovsky Posad) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three manned space mission space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31. He was also backup for Vostok 3 and Soyuz 37.
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Van Cliburn
Harvey Lavan "Van" Cliburn Jr. (born July 12, 1934), is an American pianist who achieved worldwide recognition in 1958, when at age 23, he won the first quadrennial International Tchaikovsky Piano Competition in Moscow, at the height of the Cold War.
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Van Williams
Van Zandt Williams (born February 27, 1934 in Fort Worth, Texas) is a former actor best known for his brief yet world-famous television role as "Britt Reid" (aka "The Green Hornet"). He teamed for one season with the late Bruce Lee as his sidekick Kato, in the television series The Green Hornet, broadcast on ABC during the 1966-67 season.
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Viktor Gorbatko
Viktor Vassilyevich Gorbatko (; born December 3, 1934 in Ventsy-Zarya) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, and Soyuz 37 missions.
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Vincent Bugliosi
Vincent Bugliosi () (born August 18, 1934, in Hibbing, Minnesota) is an American attorney and author, best known for prosecuting Charles Manson and other defendants accused of the Tate-LaBianca murders. His most recent books are Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy (2007), and The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder (2008).
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Vincent Fourcade
Vincent Gabriel Fourcade (27 February 1934 – 23 December 1992) was a French interior designer and the business and life partner of Robert Denning. "Outrageous luxury is what our clients want," he once said.
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Vladimir Posner
Vladimir Vladimirovich Posner (also spelled "Pozner"; in Russian, Владимир Владимирович Познер), born 1 April 1934, is a Russian journalist best known in the West for appearing on television to represent and explain the views of the Soviet Union during the Cold War. He was a memorable spokesman for the Soviets in part because he had grown up in the United States and spoke flawless American English with a New York accent.
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Wallace Thurman
Wallace Henry Thurman (1902–1934) was an American novelist during the Harlem Renaissance. He is best known for his novel The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life, which explores discrimination among black people based on skin color.
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Wendell Berry
Wendell Berry (born August 5, 1934, Henry County, Kentucky) is an American man of letters, academic, cultural and economic critic, and farmer. He is a prolific author of novels, short stories, poems, and essays. He is also an elected member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers.
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Wilford Brimley
Wilford Brimley (born September 27, 1934) is an American actor. He has appeared in such films as The China Syndrome, Cocoon, and The Firm. Brimley has also done television commercials, including ads for Quaker Oats and Liberty Medical.
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Willard Scott
Willard Herman Scott, Jr. (born March 7, 1934) is an American media personality and author best known for his television work on NBC's The Today Show and as the creator of the Ronald McDonald character.
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William Butler Yeats
William Butler Yeats (; 13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and dramatist, and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival, and along with Lady Gregory and Edward Martyn founded the Abbey Theatre, serving as its chief during its early years. In 1923 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for what the Nobel Committee described as "inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation." He was the first Irishman so honored. Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after being awarded the Nobel Prize; such works include The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929).
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William Langer
William "Wild Bill" Langer (September 30, 1886 November 8, 1959) was a prominent American politician from North Dakota. Langer is one of the most colorful characters in North Dakota history, most famously bouncing back from a scandal that forced him out of the governor's office and into prison. He served as the 17th and 21st Governor of North Dakota from 1933 to 1934 and from 1937 to 1939. Langer also served in the United States Senate from 1940 to 1959 when he died in office.
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Wink Martindale
Winston Conrad "Wink" Martindale (born December 4, 1934) is an American disc jockey and television game show host.
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Winsor McCay
Winsor McCay (September 26, 1867(?) – July 26, 1934) was an American cartoonist and animator.
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Wole Soyinka
Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Soyinka (born 13 July 1934) is a Nigerian writer, poet and playwright. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986, the first African to be so honoured. In 1994, he was designated United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Goodwill Ambassador for the promotion of African culture, human rights, freedom of expression, media and communication.
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Yujiro Ishihara
was a Japanese actor and singer born in Kobe. His elder brother, Shintaro Ishihara, is an author, politician, and the current Governor of Tokyo. Yujiro debuted in 1956 in "Season of the Sun," based on a novel written by his brother. As a representative youth star in films of the immediate postwar era, and subsequently as a macho movie hero, he was represented as Japanese Elvis Presley and beloved by many fans, who extravagantly mourned his early death at 52.
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Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (, ; 9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968), Hero of the Soviet Union, was a Soviet cosmonaut. On 12 April 1961, he became the first human in outer space and the first to orbit the Earth. He received medals from around the world for his pioneering tour in space.
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Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
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Asturias
The Principality of Asturias (, ; ) is an autonomous community within the kingdom of Spain, former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. It is situated on the Spanish north coast (Bay of Biscay) facing the Cantabrian Sea.
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Barmen
Barmen is a municipal subdivision of the German city of Wuppertal. Formerly an independent town, Barmen joined the newly-incorporated city of Wuppertal in January 1930. The asteroid 118173 Barmen is named in its honour, celebrating the 1934 Synod which issued the Barmen Declaration defining Protestant opposition to the National-Socialist ideology.
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Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
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Brookfield Zoo
The Brookfield Zoo is a zoo located in the Chicago suburb of Brookfield, Illinois. The zoo covers an area of 216 acres (874,124 m²) and houses around 450 species of animals.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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Catalonia
Catalonia ( ; , , ) is one of the Kingdom of Spain's seventeen autonomous communities, the administrative divisions that represent the country's historical nationalities and regions. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona. Its capital city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an official population of 7,504,881. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east (580 km coastline). The official languages are Spanish, Catalan and Aranese.
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Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
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Crown Point, Indiana
Crown Point is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 19,806 at the 2000 census. The city was incorporated in 1868. On October 31, 1834, Solon Robinson and his family became the first settlers to an area that later became Crown Point. Because of its location, Crown Point is known as the "Hub of Lake County".
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945 the state did not have de facto existence, due to its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this period. In 1945 the eastern part of Carpathian Ruthenia was taken over by the Soviet Union. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Côte d'Ivoire
The Republic of (; ), commonly known in English as Ivory Coast, is a country in West Africa. It has an area of 322,462 km2, and borders the countries of Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population which was 15,366,672 in 1998, was estimated to be 20,617,068 in 2009.
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Dayton, Ohio
Dayton is the sixth largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County, the fourth most populous county in the state. The population was 166,179 at the 2000 census. The Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 848,153 in the 2000 census. Dayton is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Ohio and the 61st largest metropolitan area in the United States. The Dayton-Springfield-Greenville Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,085,094 in 2000. Dayton is situated within the Miami Valley region of Ohio, just north of the Cincinnati metropolitan area.
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Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
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FBI
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Grapevine, Texas
Grapevine is a city in Tarrant County, Texas, United States and a suburb of both Dallas and Fort Worth. It was known in its early years as Grapevine Prairie. An extremely small portion of the modern city of Grapevine extends into neighboring Denton and Dallas counties. As of the 2000 census the city population was 42,101, though the 2006 U.S. Census Bureau estimate puts the city's population at 48,583. In 2009, the population had jumped up to 51,038. The city is named for wild mustang grapes prevalent in the area (the high school football team is named the Mustangs). In recent years several wineries have opened in Grapevine, and the city has been very active in maintaining its [http://www.downtowngrapevinetexas.com historic downtown area]. The city is adjacent to Grapevine Lake, a large reservoir impounded by the Corps of Engineers in 1952. Part of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, which serves the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, is located inside the city limits of Grapevine. In 2007 CNNMoney.com rated Grapevine as one of "America's Best Places to Live."
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Gresford Disaster
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Haiti
Haiti (; French , ; Haitian Creole: Ayiti, ), officially the Republic of Haiti ( ;
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Hakodate
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Harlem
Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, which since the 1920s has been a major African-American residential, cultural, and business center. Originally a Dutch village, formally organized in 1658, it is named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands. Harlem was annexed to New York City in 1873.
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Hokkaido
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Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
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Honshū
Honshū (; also spelled Honshu) is the largest island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Strait. It is the seventh largest island in the world, and the second most populous after Java in Indonesia.
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Hungary
Hungary ( ), officially the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság ), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe, being part of the Finno-Ugric family.
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Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
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Kyoto
() is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.
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Latvia
Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
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Lindbergh kidnapping
The kidnapping of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., was the abduction of the son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. The toddler, 20 months old at the time, was abducted from his family home in East Amwell, New Jersey, near the town of Hopewell, New Jersey, on the evening of March 1, 1932. Over two months later, on May 12, 1932, the body of Charles Lindbergh, Jr., was discovered a short distance from the Lindberghs' home.
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M*A*S*H (TV series)
M*A*S*H is an American television series developed by Larry Gelbart, adapted from the 1970 feature film MASH (which was itself based on the 1968 novel , by Richard Hooker). The series is a medical drama/black comedy that was produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for CBS. It follows a team of doctors and support staff stationed at the "4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital" in Uijeongbu, South Korea, during the Korean War. M*A*S*H's title sequence featured an instrumental version of the song "Suicide Is Painless", which also appears in the original film. The show was created after an attempt to film the original book's sequel, M*A*S*H Goes to Maine, failed. It is the most well-known version of the M*A*S*H works.
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Managua
Managua () is the capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name. It is the largest city in Nicaragua in terms of population and geographic size. Located on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua, the city was declared the national capital in 1852. Prior to its inception as the capital city, the title had alternated between the cities of León and Granada. The city has a population of roughly 1,800,000, composed predominantly of mestizos and whites. Managua is the second most populous city in Central America after Guatemala City.
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Mason City, Iowa
Mason City is a city in and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 29,172 at the 2000 census.
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McGuffey, Ohio
McGuffey is a village in Hardin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 522 at the 2000 census.
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Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, is the common name for the country of Germany while governed by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) from 1933 to 1945. Third Reich () denotes the Nazi state as a historical successor to the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) and to the modern German Empire (1871–1918). Nazi Germany had two official names, the Deutsches Reich (German Reich), from 1933 to 1943, when it became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
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New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
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NKVD
The '''People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs' ( Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del''), abbreviated NKVD ( ) was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Stalin.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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North Dakota
North Dakota () is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America, along the Canadian border, about halfway between the Pacific Ocean and the Great Lakes. North Dakota is the 19th largest state by area in the U.S. It is also the third least populous, with only about 646,850 residents as of 2009. North Dakota was carved out of the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with South Dakota.
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Ogaden
Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled Ogadēn;Ogaadeen ) is the name of a territory comprising the southeastern portion of the Somali Regional State in Ethiopia. The inhabitants are predominantly ethnic Somali and Muslim. The title "Somali Galbeed", which means "Western Somalia," is often preferred by Somali irredentists.
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Osaka
is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshū, the designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the heart of Greater Osaka Area. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay,
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Palais Bourbon
The Palais Bourbon, a palace located on the left bank of the Seine, across from the Place de la Concorde, Paris (which is on the right bank), is the seat of the French National Assembly, the lower legislative chamber of the French government.
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Palawan
Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. Its capital is Puerto Princesa City, and it is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction. The islands of Palawan stretch from Mindoro in the northeast to Borneo in the southwest. It lies between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea. The province is named after its largest island, Palawan Island, measuring long, and wide.
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Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania () is a U.S. state and Commonwealth located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to the east. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg.
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Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
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Pixar
Pixar Animation Studios is an American CGI animation film studio based in Emeryville, California, United States. As of 2006, Pixar is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The studio has earned twenty-four Academy Awards, six Golden Globes, and three Grammys, among many other awards, acknowledgments and achievements and has made $5.5 billion worldwide. It is one of the most (according to Rotten Tomatoes, perhaps the single most) critically acclaimed film studios of all time. It is best known for its CGI-animated feature films which are created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, its own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering API used to generate high-quality images.
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Portsmouth
Portsmouth () is a city located in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is the United Kingdom's only island city, being mainly located on Portsea Island. The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey. As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior and Lord Nelson's flagship HMS Victory. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The nickname Pompey is thought to have derived from shipping entering Portsmouth harbour making an entry in their logs as Pom. P. in reference to Portsmouth Point. Navigational charts also use this abbreviation.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg () is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city's other names were Petrograd (, 1914–1924) and Leningrad (, 1924–1991). It is often called just Petersburg () and is informally known as Piter ().
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Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (), commonly known as Saudi Arabia, occasionally spelled '''Sa'udi Arabia''', is the largest Arab country of the Middle East. It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of 28 million, and its size is approximately . The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest places in Islam. The two mosques are Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Masjid Al-Nabawi (in Medina). The current kingdom was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud, whose efforts began in 1902 when he captured the Al-Saud’s ancestral home of Riyadh, and culminated in 1932 with the proclamation and recognition of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, though its national origins go back as far as 1744 with the establishment of the First Saudi State. Saudi Arabia's government takes the form of an Islamic absolute monarchy. Human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly expressed concern about the state of human rights in Saudi Arabia.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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SS
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Sturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung (), Storm Division or Battalion, abbreviated SA and usually translated as stormtroop(er)s, functioned as a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party. It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s.
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Toledo, Ohio
Toledo is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Lucas County. The municipality is located in northwest Ohio on the western end of Lake Erie, and borders the State of Michigan. The city was founded in 1833 on the west bank of the Maumee River, originally incorporated as part of Monroe County, Michigan Territory; then re-founded in 1837, after conclusion of theToledo War, when it was incorporated in Ohio. Toledo grew quickly as a result of the Miami and Erie Canal and its position on the railway line between New York and Chicago. It has since become a city well known for its industry, particularly in glass and auto assembly (Jeep headquarters and related auto parts production), as well as for its art community, education, and local sports teams.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Wales
Wales ( ; pronounced ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of three million and is officially bilingual with the Welsh and English languages having equal status. The Welsh language is an important element of Welsh culture. Its decline has reversed over recent years, with Welsh speakers estimated to be around 20% of the population of Wales.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is considered part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Upper Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. As of 2009 the state has an estimated 5.6 million residents. The state contains 72 counties.
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Wrexham
Wrexham ( ; ) is a town in Wales. It is the administrative centre of the wider Wrexham County Borough, and the largest town in North Wales, located to the east of the region. It is situated between the Welsh mountains and the lower Dee Valley close to the border with Cheshire, England. As North Wales' largest town, it is a major centre of the region's commercial, retail and educational infrastructure.
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Yemen
Yemen (Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya al-Yamaniyya) is a country located on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. It has an estimated population of more than 23 million people and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden to the south, and Oman to the east.
http://wn.com/Yemen
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Betty Boop Cartoon Banned For Drug Use 1934
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:29
- Published: 05 Sep 2007
- Uploaded: 11 Feb 2012
- Author: gabberbaby69
Laughing Gas! HaHaHa
http://wn.com/Betty_Boop_Cartoon_Banned_For_Drug_Use_1934
Laurel & Hardy - Hollywood Party (1934)
Here's another film featuring brief cameos by the Boys. Hollywood Party was an MGM film from 1934 featuring all of the big stars signed to MGM at the time. Stan and Ollie made numerous film cameos during their long career, but this one is regarded as one of their finest.
http://wn.com/Laurel_Hardy__Hollywood_Party_1934
Flame of the Pacific, 1934
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:41
- Published: 12 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 10 Feb 2012
- Author: travelfilmarchive
A courtship and wedding in the South Seas. Transferred from an original 35m print. Topurchase a clean DVD or digital download of this film for personal home use or educational use contact us at questions@archivefarms.com. To license footage from this film for commercial use visit: www.travelfilmarchive.com
http://wn.com/Flame_of_the_Pacific,_1934
Mighty Atom model airplane engine 1934
This little engine is considered by some to be one of the ten finest ignition engines ever made. Its design was commissioned in 1939 by the Polk Brothers (then and for years to come, one of the bigest names in model aviation supplies and promotion) and executed by Ray Arden (who would later father the glow plug). Manufactured by "Microdyne Engines" NY, the engine was unusual for it's small size at the time of its inception. A patent application for the design (#115974) was lodged on May 13, 1939. The original "Mighty Atom" contained several innovative features such as: front rotary intake from a fixed fuel jet combined with a variable air supply; bypass via a piston valve; ball and socket little end, and the nicest snap-action timer you've ever seen. All this at a weight equal to the coil it would need to run it!
http://wn.com/Mighty_Atom_model_airplane_engine_1934
RAY NOBLE ORCHESTRA (1934): The Very Thought of You
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Published: 03 Jul 2007
- Uploaded: 12 Feb 2012
- Author: terencenunn35
Sung by Al Bowlly
http://wn.com/RAY_NOBLE_ORCHESTRA_1934_The_Very_Thought_of_You
Mystery Liner (1934) - Full Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:17
- Published: 16 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 08 Feb 2012
- Author: LuckyStrike502
Captain Holling is relieved of command of his ship after he suffers a nervous breakdown. His replacement, Captain Downey, takes over the liner just as it is about to be used for an experiment in remote control. Professor Grimson has devised a system for controlling the ship from a laboratory on land. But as Grimson demonstrates the system and the special component that makes it work, a rival group is listening in, hoping to use the device for its own purposes. Shortly after the demonstration, the professor is attacked and fatally injured. Major Pope comes on board to investigate the attack, and he decides to come along on the planned trip. Soon the ship is full of passengers and crew--and at least two of the ship's occupants are really enemy agents. Mystery Liner is in the public domain, and can be downloaded here for free: www.archive.org
http://wn.com/Mystery_Liner_1934__Full_Movie
World Cup 1934 Final - Italy 2:1 Czechoslovakia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Published: 28 Oct 2007
- Uploaded: 31 Jan 2012
- Author: KINGofSOCCERhistory
0:1 Antonin Puc (70.) 1:1 Raimondo Orsi (82.) 2:1 Angelo Schiavio (95.) The 1934 World Cup Final was the deciding match of the 1934 World Cup. It was contested by Italy and Czechoslovakia. Italy won the game 2-1. The final was held in the Stadio Nazionale PNF in Rome. Czechoslovakia took the lead with 15 minutes remaining through Puč. They held the lead for only 5 minutes though as Italy drew level through striker Orsi. There were no more goals in normal time so the match was forced to go into extra time. With just 5 minutes played in extra time, Italy took the lead with a goal from Schiavio and they held on to record their first World Cup title. www.wikipedia.org
http://wn.com/World_Cup_1934_Final__Italy_21_Czechoslovakia
MOONGLOW - Art Tatum - 1934
Moonglow performed by Art Tatum, recorded in 1934. Excellent!
http://wn.com/MOONGLOW__Art_Tatum__1934
Kid Millions (1934)
This is the spectacular 3 strip TC finale of Kid Millions starring Ethel Merman and Eddie Cantor from 1934.
http://wn.com/Kid_Millions_1934
Duke Ellington and his Orchestra - 1934
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Published: 15 Sep 2007
- Uploaded: 12 Feb 2012
- Author: perfectjazz78
Duke Ellington and his Orchestra - perform "Ebony Rhapsody" - 1934
http://wn.com/Duke_Ellington_and_his_Orchestra__1934
Dames (1934) - title musical sequence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:50
- Published: 08 Dec 2007
- Uploaded: 11 Feb 2012
- Author: alsolikelife
Title musical sequence, choreographed by Busby Berkeley. From DAMES (1934, dir. Ray Enright, Busby Berkeley). For more info visit alsolikelife.com
http://wn.com/Dames_1934__title_musical_sequence
1934 Burlington Pioneer Zephyr
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Published: 05 Jun 2008
- Uploaded: 11 Feb 2012
- Author: WearybottomAssociate
In 1934 The Burlington Pioneer Zephyr broke records with its Denver to Chicago run.
http://wn.com/1934_Burlington_Pioneer_Zephyr
Poor Cinderella (1934)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:28
- Published: 06 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: cccartoons
Betty Boop is Cinderella in the retelling of the classic story. Director: Dave Fleischer Producer: Max Fleischer Watch at cccartoons.com: www.cccartoons.com Learn more: www.bcdb.com Translate this cartoon: universalsubtitles.org Playlist for Max Fleischer Cartoons: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Poor_Cinderella_1934
The Great Air Race - England to Melbourne 1934
The MacRobertson Trophy Air Race took place October, 1934 as part of the Melbourne Centenary celebrations. The idea of the race was devised by the Lord Mayor of Melbourne, and a prize fund of $75000 was put up by Sir Macpherson Robertson, a wealthy Australian confectionery manufacturer, on the conditions that the race be named after his MacRobertson confectionery company, and that it be organised to be as safe as possible. The race was organised by the Royal Aero Club and would run from RAF Mildenhall in East Anglia to Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne. There were 5 compulsory stops at Baghdad, Allahabad, Singapore, Darwin and Charleville, Queensland, otherwise the competitors could choose their own routes. A further 22 optional stops were provided with stocks of fuel and oil by Shell and Stanavo. The Royal Aero Club put some effort into persuading the countries along the route to improve the facilities at the stopping points. The basic rules were: no limit to the size of aircraft or power, no limit to crew size, no pilot to join aircraft after it left England. Aircraft must carry three days' rations per crew member, floats, smoke signals and efficient instruments. There were prizes for the outright fastest aircraft, and for the best performance on a handicap formula by any aircraft finishing within 16 days. Take off date was set at dawn (6:30) October 20, 1934. The initial field of over 60 had by then been whittled down to 20, including the 3 purpose-built de Havilland DH <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_Great_Air_Race__England_to_Melbourne_1934
Jack Frost (1934)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Published: 06 Jun 2006
- Uploaded: 06 Feb 2012
- Author: AnimationStation
ComiColor, Celebrity Productions. Creative Commons license: Public Domain. For more great vintage animation check out www.animationstation.info and subscribe to our podcast.
http://wn.com/Jack_Frost_1934
San Francisco General Strike
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Published: 15 Jul 2007
- Uploaded: 27 Jan 2012
- Author: danieljbmitchell
The 1934 general strike in San Francisco brought activity in the city to a standstill.
http://wn.com/San_Francisco_General_Strike
Slavko Vorkapich "The Furies" 1934.
music: Ludwig von Beethoven score synchronized by Slavko Vorkapich Vorkapich hade complete creative freedom in writing, designing, directing and editing his montage sequences for feature films, his work was often reduced to its bones in the released productions. Here is the filmmaker's original version of one of his outstanding efforts
http://wn.com/Slavko_Vorkapich_The_Furies_1934
Cole Porter : You're The Top ( 1934 )
Cole Porter and his pianowww.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Cole_Porter__You're_The_Top__1934_
Louis Armstrong in Copenhagen (1934)-HD
hotjazzandcoolblues.blogspot.com Louis plays "I Cover The Waterfront", "Dinah" and "Tiger Rag".
http://wn.com/Louis_Armstrong_in_Copenhagen_1934-HD
The Black Cat (1934) 1/6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Published: 29 May 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Feb 2012
- Author: ThePinipedsBrother
Glimpses of Erin 1934
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:36
- Published: 19 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 08 Feb 2012
- Author: travelfilmarchive
A tour of Ireland in the 1930's. Ireland, Eire, Irish, cattle, farmhouse, thatched roof, woman driving horsecart, harvesting hay, hay mounds, hay stacks, children on country lane, donkey colt, very fat man with donkey cart, he weighs 560 pounds, stone walls, stone houses, tacthed roof cottages, rural life, donkey cart, municipal coop dairy, country fair, prize sheep, prize bull, livestock market at Galway on main street, man in bowler hat, Dublin, Trinity College, buses, policeman, traffic, O'Connell Street, Nelson Pillar. Footage from this film is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com
http://wn.com/Glimpses_of_Erin_1934
Hollywood Newsreel (1934)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:54
- Published: 15 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 22 Jan 2012
- Author: Countrygirltori24
1. Columbia Football Team wins Rose Bowl and gets to meet Hollywood stars including: Busby Berkley dancers, Joe E. Brown, Dick Powell, and Ginger Rogers. 2. Gold in California with Dick Powell and Guy Kibbee 3. Joan Blondell thanks well wishers during her recovery from sickness 4. Hugh Herburt and Sheep 5. Hal LeRoy and Patricia Ellis sing
http://wn.com/Hollywood_Newsreel_1934
![Bf 109 at the National Air and Space Museum. When the Bf 109 was designed in 1934, by a team led by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser,[45] its primary role was that of a high-speed, short range interceptor.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120310150617im_/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/27/45/8304e6bd6afc1b83dca9d9e0c29f_small.jpg "Bf 109 at the National Air and Space Museum. When the Bf 109 was designed in 1934, by a team led by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser,[45] its primary role was that of a high-speed, short range interceptor.")
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![Bf 109 at the National Air and Space Museum. When the Bf 109 was designed in 1934, by a team led by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser,[45] its primary role was that of a high-speed, short range interceptor.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120310150617/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/27/45/8304e6bd6afc1b83dca9d9e0c29f_medium.jpg "Bf 109 at the National Air and Space Museum. When the Bf 109 was designed in 1934, by a team led by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser,[45] its primary role was that of a high-speed, short range interceptor.")
photo: AP / Mike Derer
06 Mar 2012
Representative Donald M. Payne of New Jersey, a former chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus and the first black to be elected to Congress from New Jersey, died on Tuesday. He was 77. Susan...
photo: AP / Elaine Thompson
02 Mar 2012
Tokyo. Nissan Motor Company has plans to revive the Datsun nameplate in order to sell inexpensive cars tailored for emerging markets starting in 2014, the Nikkei newspaper reported on Friday, as the...
photo: Creative Commons / Bull-Doser
02 Mar 2012
Nissan Motor Co plans to revive the Datsun nameplate to sell inexpensive cars tailored for emerging markets from 2014, the Nikkei newspaper reported on Friday, as the Japanese automaker revs up its...
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Rep. Donald Payne (1934 – 2012): Remembering New Jersey’s First African-American Member of Congress
07 Mar 2012
Democracy Now
Representative Donald Payne, the first ever African-American congressman from New Jersey, died Tuesday at the age of 77 from complications of colon cancer. The former chairman of...(size: 1.2Kb)
James C. Russ, 1934-2012
28 Feb 2012
Chicago Tribune
James C. Russ was a major contributor for more than 50 years to orthotics, the specialty concerned with developing orthopedic devices. Through his work creating post-secondary education programs, standardizing curricula and establishing residencies, he helped transform what many considered a trade...(size: 4.2Kb)
1910 - 1934: Headlines have a familiar ring
28 Feb 2012
Rocky Mount Telegram
The...(size: 0.0Kb)
Partying Like It’s 1934
21 Feb 2012
The New York Times
A while back I read Lionel Robbins’s 1934 book The Great Depression; as I pointed out, it was a Very Serious Person’s book for its era. Its solution was a return to the gold standard — which would have made things worse — and free trade, which was basically irrelevant to the...(size: 5.1Kb)
John A. Murray Jr., 1934-2012
09 Feb 2012
Chicago Tribune
John A. Murray Jr. embodied the spirit of his party-supply store, throwing himself into celebrations and never taking himself too seriously. The affable owner of Murray's Partytime Supplies in Willowbrook created one of the first Halloween superstores each fall. For eight weeks, his...(size: 4.5Kb)
February 9th, 1934
09 Feb 2012
Irish Times
FROM THE ARCHIVES:�With communism and fascism the rising political stars in the 1930s, both derisive of parliamentary democracy and free-market capitalism, the leader of the new Fine Gael (United Ireland) party, General Eoin O'Duffy had this to say in his speech to the party's first ardfheis where...(size: 2.9Kb)
Is staph infection a ‘time capsule’ from 1934?
01 Feb 2012
The Boston Globe
Doctors from the University of Massachusetts Medical School say they have discovered a 78-year-old strain of staph bacteria in the leg of a patient who was first treated for the infection in 1934. Doctors Dan Libraty and Chinmay Patkar, along with Brenda Torres of UMass Memorial Healthcare, wrote in...(size: 2.9Kb)
Elaine Hirsch, 1934-2012
24 Jan 2012
Chicago Tribune
Elaine Hirsch, 77, a volunteer with several organizations including the Jewish Reconstructionist Federation in...(size: 0.7Kb)
__NOTOC__
Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
January 1
* Alcatraz becomes a prison.
* International Telecommunication Union.
* Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring".
January 7 – The first ''Flash Gordon'' comic strip is published.
January 10 – Marinus van der Lubbe is executed in Germany.
January 13 – The Candidate of Science degree is established in the USSR.
January 20 – The Japanese company Fuji Photo Film is established
January 24
* The new Constitution of Estonia enters into force.
* Einstein visits the White House.
January 26
* The ''Apollo Theater'' opens in Harlem, New York City.
* The 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Germany and the Second Polish Republic.
February 6 – French political crisis: The French far right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, in an attempted coup against the Third Republic.
February 9
* Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia have formed the Balkan Pact.
* Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France.
February 12 – The Export-Import Bank is incorporated.
February 12–February 16 – Austrian Civil War
February 16 – Commission of Government sworn in as form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland.
February 21 – Augusto César Sandino is assassinated in Managua by the National Guard.
February 22 – Frank Capra's ''It Happened One Night'', starring Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert, is released. It becomes a smash hit and the first of Capra's great screen classics. It becomes the first film to win all 5 of the major Academy Awards – Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Screenplay, Best Director, and Best Picture. Gable and Colbert receive their only Oscars for this film.
February 23 – Léopold III becomes King of Belgium.
March 1 – Manchuria becomes Manchukuo, following an invasion by the Japanese.
March 3
* John Dillinger escapes from jail in Crown Point, Indiana, using a wooden pistol.
* Erich Franke invents the wire bearing (today wire race bearing) and files a patent application.
March 8 – Prince Sigvard of Sweden loses his titles because of his marriage.
March 12 – Konstantin Päts and general Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties.
March 13 – John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson and their gang rob the First National Bank in Mason City, Iowa.
March 20
* All the police forces in Germany come under the command of Heinrich Himmler.
* The Great Hakodate fire kills at least 2,166 people in southern Hokkaido, Japan.
March 24 – The Philippine Commonwealth becomes established allowing for more self-government from the United States.
April 1 – Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker kill 2 young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
April 6 – Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
April 12
* U.S. publication of the novel Tender Is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald
* The worlds largest ever recorded surface wind speed of 231 miles per hour was recorded on the summit of Mt. Washington NH.
April 14 – Black Sunday: Twenty of the worst dust storms within the Dust Bowl occur.
April 19 – Surgeon R.K. Wilson allegedly photographs the Loch Ness Monster.
April 22 – John Dillinger and two others shoot their way out of an FBI ambush in northern Wisconsin.
April 28 – FA Cup: Manchester City beat Portsmouth 2 – 1 at Wembley Stadium
April 30 – The first S-train line in Copenhagen is opened. The Line started in Klampenborg and ended in Frederiksberg.
May 5 – The first Three Stooges short, ''Woman Haters'', is released.
May 7 – The Pearl of Lao Tzu, 24 x 14 cm, is found in a giant clam off Palawan, Philippines.
May 11 – Dust Bowl: A strong 2-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl.
May 15
* The United States Department of Justice offers a $25,000 reward for John Dillinger.
* Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
May 19 – Kimon Georgiev stages a coup d'etat in Bulgaria.
May 23 – A team of police officers, led by former Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, ambush bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow near Gibsland, Louisiana, killing them both.
May 24
* Tomáš Masaryk is re-elected president of Czechoslovakia.
* The 5-day "Battle of Toledo" occurs during the Auto-Lite strike in Toledo, Ohio.
May 28 – Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.
May 29 – May 31 – The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church meets in Barmen, Germany to write the Barmen Declaration.
June 6 – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
June 9 – The animated short ''The Wise Little Hen'', directed by Bert Gillett for the ''Silly Symphonies'' series, and featuring the debut of Donald Duck, is released.
June 10 – Italy beats Czechoslovakia 2–1 after extra time to win the 1934 World Cup.
June 12 – Political parties are banned in Bulgaria.
June 14 – Max Baer defeats champion Primo Carnera for the world heavyweight boxing title.
June 18 – The Indian Reorganization Act is enacted.
June 27
* The Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty.
The Canberra Times documents the attack of an unknown spider species upon the Chilean town of Antofagasta.
June 28 – Division of Grazing created within the Department of the Interior.
June 30
* The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the SS.
* Night of the Long Knives: Nazis purge the SA.
July 1
* Bureau of Air Commerce under Department of Commerce.
* The world famous Brookfield Zoo opens in Brookfield, Illinois.
* The Hays Office censorship code for motion pictures goes into full effect in the United States.
July 10 – German Social Democrat and author Erich Mühsam is killed in Oranienburg concentration camp.
July 17 – The North Dakota Supreme Court declares Lieutenant Governor Ole H. Olson the legitimate governor and tells William Langer to resign. Langer proceeds to declare North Dakota independent. He revokes the declaration after the Supreme Court justices meet him.
July 22 – Outside Chicago's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
July 25 – Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
August 2 – Adolf Hitler becomes ''Führer'' of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
August 8 – The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler.
August 13 – The comic strip ''Lil' Abner'' is first published in US newspapers.
August 19
* The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.
* In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers as Führer and Reichskanzler.
August 25 – Anti-union vigilantes seize the town of McGuffey, Ohio, during the Hardin County onion pickers strike.
September 8 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner ''Morro Castle'' kills 134 people.
September 19
* The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations.
* Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case.
September 21 – A typhoon in Honshū, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in Osaka.
September 22 – A gas explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales kills 266 miners and rescuers, one of Britain's worst coal mining disasters.
September 28
* Afghanistan joins the League of Nations.
* A trial for the custody of young Gloria Vanderbilt begins; it lasts seven weeks and ends with a compromise.
September 29 – Stanley Matthews makes his England debut, beginning a record 23-year international career.
October 2 – A tornado in Osaka and Kyoto kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest.
October 5 – Miners rebel in Asturias, Spain (see Asturian miners' strike of 1934).
October 6 – Catalonian separatists rebel in Spain.
October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseilles.
October 16 – The Long March of the Chinese Communists begins.
October 22 – Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd is shot and killed by FBI agents near East Liverpool, Ohio.
November 13 – The Italian government decrees that teachers must use a military or party uniform in a class.
November 21
* The MCC makes an ultimately controversial decision to alter the lbw rule so a batsman can be lbw to a ball pitching outside off stump. The change is later blamed for many problems developing during the 1950s, primarily negative bowling outside leg stump to a field of short-leg fieldsmen.
* Cole Porter's musical ''Anything Goes'', starring Ethel Merman, premieres in New York City.
November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lays well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
November 26 – Universal Pictures releases the first film version of Fannie Hurst's novel, ''Imitation of Life'', starring Claudette Colbert and Louise Beavers. It gives Beavers, usually featured in small roles as a maid, her best screen role, and features the largest supporting role played by a black person in a Hollywood film up till then. Its storyline partially revolves around a young mulatto girl rejecting her mother and trying to "pass for white". It is the first Hollywood film to seriously deal with this subject.
November 27
* A running gun battle between FBI agents and bank robber Baby Face Nelson results in the death of one FBI agent and the mortal wounding of special agent Samuel P. Cowley, who was still able to mortally wound Nelson.
* Bolivian President Daniel Salamanca deposed.
December 1
* In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot and killed at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad by Leonid Nikolaev (it is widely thought that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered this murder).
* In Mexico, Lázaro Cárdenas is inaugurated as President of that country.
December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
December 18 – A low-key fascist conference is held in Moreaux.
December 24 – Actor Lionel Barrymore begins what will become an annual tradition of the Golden Age of Radio – playing the role of Ebenezer Scrooge in dramatizations of Charles Dickens's ''A Christmas Carol''. Barrymore continues playing Scrooge on radio until shortly before his death in 1954. He will also make a 78-RPM record album of the classic story, which will later be released on LP.
December 26 – An American Airlines aircraft crashes in the Adirondack Mountains.
December 27 – Persia becomes Iran.
December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.
International Union of National Tourist Propaganda Organizations (IUNTPO).
The "British Committee for Relations with Other Countries", which will become the British Council, is set up to foster cultural relations.
The sonoluminescence effect is discovered.
The GPU becomes the NKVD.
Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Côte d'Ivoire.
The U.S. Marines leave Haiti.
US Congress makes the Philippines a self-governing commonwealth and schedules independence for 1944. Sugar imports are reduced and immigration is limited to 50 Filipino people per year.
The house Fallingwater in southwestern Pennsylvania is designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
Jazz group the Quintette du Hot Club de France established.
This year is the hottest year in the United States on record.
January 7 – Charles Jenkins, American sprinter
January 9 – Bart Starr, American football player
January 11 – Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada
January 12 – Mick Sullivan, English rugby league footballer
January 13 – Rip Taylor, American comedian
January 16 – Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano
January 18 – Raymond Briggs, British writer and illustrator
January 20
* Tom Baker, British actor (''Doctor Who'')
* Dave Hull, American former radio personality
January 22
* Nolan Strong, Detroit doo-wop singer with The Diablos
* Graham Kerr, British television personality
* Bill Bixby, American actor and director (''The Courtship of Eddie's Father'' and ''The Incredible Hulk'') (d. 1993)
January 23 – Lou Antonio, American actor and director
January 24 – Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976)
January 30 – Tammy Grimes, American actress
February 5 – Hank Aaron, African-American baseball player
February 7 – Earl King, American musician (d. 2003)
February 10 – Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet
February 11
* Tina Louise, American actress (''Gilligan's Island'')
* Mary Quant, British fashion designer
* John Surtees, British race car driver
February 12
* Anne Krueger, American economist
* Bill Russell, African-American basketball player
February 13 – George Segal, American actor (''The Hot Rock'')
February 14
* Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
* Florence Henderson, American actress (''The Brady Bunch'')
February 15 – Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist
February 16 – Harold "Hal" & Herbert "Herbie" Kalin, American singers (The Kalin Twins) (d. 2005 and 2006, respectively)
February 17
* Alan Bates, British actor (d. 2003)
* Barry Humphries, Australian actor and comedian
February 20 – Bobby Unser, American race car driver
February 21 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (d. 2010)
February 22
* Sparky Anderson, American baseball manager (d. 2010)
* Van Williams, American actor (''The Green Hornet'')
February 23 – Augusto Algueró, Spanish composer (d. 2011)
February 24
* Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2000)
* Renata Scotto, Italian soprano
February 27
* Vincent Fourcade, French-born interior designer and socialite (d. 1992)
* Ralph Nader, American consumer activist and presidential candidate
March 1
* Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian sculptor (d. 2005)
* Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
March 4
* Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian composer
* John Duffey, American bluegrass musician (d. 1996)
* Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
* Barbara McNair, African-American singer and actress (d. 2007)
* Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
March 5 – Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, Nobel Prize laureate
March 7
* Franklin Clarke, American football player
* Willard Scott, American television weather reporter (''Today Show'')
March 9
* Joyce Van Patten, American actress
* Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, first man in space (d. 1968)
* Del Close, American actor, improviser, writer, and teacher (d. 1999)
March 11 – Sam Donaldson, American reporter (''ABC News'')
March 13 – Barry Hughart, American author
March 14
* Paul Rader, General of The Salvation Army
* Eugene Cernan, American astronaut
March 16 – Richard Layard, Baron Layard, British economist
March 16 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor-General of Canada (d. 2002)
March 20 – Willie Brown, Mayor of San Francisco, California
March 22
* Orrin Hatch, U.S. Senator from Utah
* Larry Martyn, British comedy actor (''Are You Being Served?'') (d. 1994)
March 23 – Mark Rydell, American actor and director
March 25 – Gloria Steinem, American feminist
March 26 – Alan Arkin, American actor
March 31
* Orion Samuelson, American television personality
* Richard Chamberlain, American actor (''Dr. Kildare'')
* Shirley Jones, American singer and actress (''The Partridge Family'')
* Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
April 1
* Rod Kanehl, American baseball player (d. 2004)
* Vladimir Posner, Russian journalist
* Don Hastings, American actor
April 2
* Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician
* Brian Glover, British actor and wrestler (d. 1997)
April 3 – Jane Goodall, British zoologist
April 5 – Roman Herzog, former President of Germany
April 6 – Enrique Álvarez Félix, Mexican actor (d. 1996)
April 9 – Bill Birch, New Zealand politician
April 11 – Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet
April 18 – James Drury, American actor (''The Virginian'')
April 24
* Shirley MacLaine, American actress
* Jayakanthan, Tamil writer
April 25
* Peter McParland, Irish footballer
* Denny Miller, American actor (''Wagon Train'')
April 29
* Otis Rush, American musician
* Akira Takarada, Japanese actor
* Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, President of Cape Verde
May 3 – Henry Cooper, British boxer
May 6 – Richard Shelby, U. S. senator from Alabama
May 9 – Alan Bennett, British actor and writer
May 13 – Leon Wagner, American baseball player (d. 2004)
May 15 – George Roper, British comedian (d. 2003)
May 18 – Dwayne Hickman, American actor (''The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis'')
May 19 – Jim Lehrer, American television journalist for PBS (''MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour'')
May 21 – Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
May 22 – Peter Nero, American pianist
May 23 – Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer (d. 2005)
May 24 – Barry Rose, British choir director and organist
May 27 – Harlan Ellison, American writer
May 28 – Dionne quintuplets, Canadian quintuplets
May 30 – Aleksei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut
June 1
* Pat Boone, American actor and singer
* Ken Rex McElroy, American murder victim (d. 1981)
June 3 – Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
June 4
* Dame Daphne Sheldrick, Kenyan conservationist and author
* Dame Monica Dacon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines schoolteacher, educator and politician
June 5 – Bill Moyers, American journalist
June 6 – King Albert II of Belgium
June 16
* Dame Eileen Atkins, British actress
* William Forsyth Sharpe, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
June 20 – Samuel Zoll, Massachusetts jurist (d. 2011)
June 25 – Beatriz Sheridan, Mexican actress and director (d. 2006)
June 26 – Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist (d. 1965)
June 28 – Carl Levin, United States Senator
June 30 – Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)
July 1
* Jean Marsh,actress
* Jamie Farr, American actor (best known as Klinger on ''M*A*S*H'')
* Sydney Pollack, American film director (d. 2008)
July 10 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer
July 11 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
July 12 – Van Cliburn, American pianist
July 13
* Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
* Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian cosmonaut
July 14 – John Tyndall, British politician (d. 2005)
July 15 – Harrison Birtwistle, British composer
July 21 – Jonathan Miller, British theatre director
July 25 – Luang Por Sumedho, Theravada Buddhist representative in the West
July 28 – Bud Luckey, Pixar animator, a American voice actor
July 30 – Bud Selig, American Major League Baseball commissioner
August 2 – Valery Bykovsky, Russian cosmonaut
August 3 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan political and rebel leader (d. 2002)
August 4 – Dallas Green, American baseball manager and executive
August 5
* Wendell Berry, American novelist, essayist, poet
* Gay Byrne, Irish broadcaster
August 6 – Billy Boston, Welsh rugby league footballer
August 15 – Nino Ferrer, French singer (d. 1998)
August 16
* – Diana Wynne Jones, British writer (d. 2011)
* – Donnie Dunagan, American actor
August 18
* Vincent Bugliosi, American prosecutor and author (''Helter Skelter'')
* Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 1972)
August 19 – Renée Richards, American transsexual physician and tennis player
August 20
* Armi Kuusela, Miss Universe 1952
* Tom Mangold, British journalist and author
August 22 – Norman Schwarzkopf, U.S. Army general
August 23
* Sonny Jurgensen, American football player
* Barbara Eden, American actress (''I Dream of Jeannie'')
August 25
* Eddie Ilarde, Filipino broadcaster and politician
* Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former President of Iran
August 26 – Tom Heinsohn, American baseketball player, coach, and broadcaster
August 30
* Anatoli Solonitsyn, Russian actor (d. 1982)
* Helen Craig, English children's author, illustrator (''Angelina Ballerina'')
September 2
* Dominic Chianese, American actor
* Grady Nutt, American humorist (d. 1982)
September 4 – Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
September 7 – Little Milton, American musician
September 8 – Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer
September 10 – Charles Kuralt, American journalist (''On The Road'') (d. 1997)
September 15 – Fred Nile, Australian Christian politician
September 16
* Ronnie Drew, Irish Dubliner Band Singer (d. 2008)
* Elgin Baylor, American basketball player and executive
September 17
* Binoy Majumdar, Indian Hungryalist Poet.
* Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d. 1969)
September 19 – Brian Epstein, English manager of the Beatles (d. 1967)
September 20
* Sophia Loren, Italian actress
* Takayuki Kubota, martial artist and founder of the Gosoku-ryu style of karate
September 21 – Leonard Cohen, Canadian poet, novelist and singer/songwriter
September 22 – Lute Olson, American basketball coach
September 23 – Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan
September 24
* Tommy Anderson, Scottish footballer
* Robert Lang, English actor of stage and television (d. 2004)
September 27
* Beverly Armstrong, American female professional baseball player
* Wilford Brimley, American actor
September 28 – Brigitte Bardot, French actress, sex symbol of the 1950s and 60's, and animal rights activist
September 30
* Alan A'Court, English footballer (d. 2009)
* Anna Kashfi, Welsh actress
October 1
* Chuck Hiller, baseball player (d. 2004)
* Shakeb Jalali Urdu poet (d. 1966)
October 2 – Earl Wilson, baseball player (d. 2005)
October 3 – Harold Henning, South African golfer (d. 2004)
October 4 – Sam Huff, American football player
October 9 – Jill Ker Conway, Australian-born author
October 13 – Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
October 17 – Rico Rodriguez, Jamaican trombonist
October 18 – Chuck Swindoll, American evangelist
October 20
* Michael Dunn, a.k.a. Gary Neil Miller, dwarf American actor and singer (''The Wild Wild West'') (d. 1973)
* Charles S. Liebman American-Israeli political scientist and author (d. 2003)
October 30
* Frans Brüggen, Dutch flutist, recorder player, and conductor
* Hamilton Camp, English-American actor (d. 2005)
November 1 – Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-born automobile executive (d. 2004)
November 6 – Barton Myers, American/Canadian architect
November 7 – Jackie Joseph, American actress
November 9 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer and television host (''Cosmos'') (d. 1996)
November 10 – Joanna Moore, American actress (d. 1997)
November 12 – Charles Manson, American cult leader and criminal
November 13 – John Gowans, General of The Salvation Army
November 17 – Jim Inhofe, United States Senator
November 21 – Laurence Luckinbill, American actor
November 24 – Alfred Schnittke, Volga German composer (d. 1998)
November 27
* Ammo Baba, Assyrian soccer player
* Gilbert Strang, American mathematician
November 30 – Lansana Conte, President of Guinea (d. 2008)
December 2 – Andre Rodgers, American baseball player (d. 2004)
December 3 – Viktor Gorbatko, Russian cosmonaut
December 4 – Wink Martindale, American game show host and disc jockey (''Tic Tac Dough'')
December 5 – Joan Didion, American writer
December 6 – Nick Bockwinkel, American professional wrestler
December 9
* Judi Dench, British actress
* Junior Wells, American harmonica player (d. 1998)
December 10 – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
December 18 – Boris Volynov, Russian cosmonaut
December 19
* Aki Aleong, Trinidad and Tobago actor
* Al Kaline, American baseball player
* Rudi Carrell, Dutch singer and entertainer (d. 2006)
* Pratibha Patil, President of India
December 24 – Stjepan Mesic, former President of Croatia
December 27 – Larisa Latynina, Russian gymnast
December 28
* Maggie Smith, British actress
* Yujiro Ishihara, Japanese actor (d. 1987)
December 29 – Ed Flanders, American actor (''St. Elsewhere'') (d. 1995)
December 30
* Joseph P. Hoar, U.S. Marine commander
* John Norris Bahcall, American astrophysicist (d. 2005)
* Del Shannon, American singer (''Runaway'') (d. 1990)
Paul Avery, American journalist (d. 2000)
January 6 – Herbert Chapman, English football manager (b. 1878)
January 10 – Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist accused of setting fire to the Reichstag (executed) (b. 1909)
January 29 – Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
February 13 – József Pusztai slovene writer, poet, journalist in Hungary (b. 1864)
February 17 – King Albert I of Belgium (b. 1875)
February 23 – Edward Elgar, English composer (''Pomp and Circumstance'') (b. 1857)
February 25 – John McGraw, American baseball player (b. 1873)
March 1 – Charles Webster Leadbeater, English author and Theosophist (b.1854)
March 15 – Davidson Black, Canadian-born paleoanthropologist (b.1884)
March 20
* Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Dutch Queen and regent (b.1858)
* Sydney Deane, Australian cricketer and actor (b. 1863)
March 21 – Lilyan Tashman, American actress (b. 1896)
March 29 – Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born philanthropist (b. 1867)
April 11 – Gerald du Maurier, British actor (b. 1873)
April 15 – Karl Dane, Danish actor (b. 1886)
May 17 – Cass Gilbert, American architect (b. 1859)
May 21 – Lew Cody, American actor (b. 1884)
May 23
* Clyde Barrow, American outlaw (shot) (b. 1910)
* Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (shot) (b. 1910)
May 25 – Gustav Holst, English composer (''The Planets'') (b. 1874)
May 30 – Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral (b. 1848)
June 8 – Dorothy Dell, American actress (b. 1915)
June 10 – Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)
June 11 – Lev Vygotsky, Russian developmental psychologist (b. 1896)
June 20 – Andrew Jackson Zilker, American philanthropist (b. 1858)
June 30 – Murdered during the Night of the Long Knives:
* Karl Ernst, Nazi SA leader in Berlin (b. 1904)
* Edmund Heines, Deputy SA leader (b. 1897)
* Gregor Strasser, German politician, early Nazi leader (b. 1892)
* Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
July 2 – Ernst Röhm, Nazi SA Leader (b. 1887)
July 4
* Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and physics (b. 1867)
* Hayyim Nahman Bialik The Israel's national poet (b. 1873)
July 8 – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b. 1848)
July 13 – Kate Sheppard, New Zealand Women's suffrage for voting (b. 1848)
July 15 – Louis F. Gottschalk, American composer (b. 1864)
July 22 – John Dillinger, American criminal (b. 1903)
July 25
* François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (b. 1874)
* Englebert Dolfuss, Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892)
* Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist (b. 1889)
July 26 – Winsor McCay, American comic creator and animator (b. 1871)
July 27 – Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (b. 1854)
July 28
* Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b. 1868)
* Louis Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1876)
* Edith Yorke, English actress (b. 1867)
August 2 – Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician (b. 1847)
August 9 – Alfred Steux, Belgian road racing cyclist (b. 1892)
August 10 – George W. Hill, American director (b. 1895)
August 13 – Mary Hunter Austin, American writer of fiction and non-fiction (b. 1868)
August 14 – Raymond Hood, American architect (b. 1881)
August 17 – Charlotte Gilman, noted American poet and playwright (b. 1860)
September 2
* Russ Columbo, American singer and actor (b. 1908)
* Alcide Nunez, American musician (b. 1884)
September 9 – Roger Fry, British artist (b. 1866)
October 5 – Jean Vigo, French film director (b. 1905)
October 9 – Alexander I of Yugoslavia, King of Yugoslavia (b. 1888)
October 15 – Raymond Poincaré, French President (b. 1860)
October 17 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1852)
October 22 – Pretty Boy Floyd, American bank robber (b. 1904)
October 29 – Lou Tellegen, Dutch actor (b. 1881)
November 2 – Edmond James de Rothschild, French philanthropist (b. 1845)
November 10 – Ion Farris, American politician, former Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives (b. 1878)
November 16 – Alice Liddell, English schoolgirl, inspiration for ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (b. 1852)
November 22 – Harry Steppe, American vaudeville performer (b. 1888)
November 27 – Baby Face Nelson, American gangster (b. 1908)
November 30 – Hélène Boucher, French aviatrix (b. 1908)
December 1 – Sergei Kirov, Soviet politician (b. 1886)
December 6 – Duke Charles Michael of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1863)
December 22 – Wallace Thurman, American writer (b. 1902)
December 28 – Lowell Sherman, American actor and director (b. 1885)
Physics – awarded to Anabel King
Chemistry – Harold Clayton Urey
Physiology or Medicine – George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy
Literature – Luigi Pirandello
Peace – Arthur Henderson
The 1930s Timeline: 1934 – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
af:1934
am:1934 እ.ኤ.አ.
ang:1934
ar:ملحق:1934
an:1934
frp:1934
ast:1934
gn:1934
av:1934
ay:1934
az:1934
bn:১৯৩৪
zh-min-nan:1934 nî
map-bms:1934
be:1934
be-x-old:1934
bh:१९३४
bcl:1934
bs:1934
br:1934
bg:1934
ca:1934
cv:1934
cs:1934
cbk-zam:1934
co:1934
cy:1934
da:1934
de:1934
et:1934
el:1934
myv:1934 ие
es:1934
eo:1934
eu:1934
fa:۱۹۳۴ (میلادی)
hif:1934
fo:1934
fr:1934
fy:1934
ga:1934
gv:1934
gd:1934
gl:1934
gan:1934年
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This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Art Tatum |
|---|---|
| background | non_vocal_instrumentalist |
| birth name | Arthur Tatum, Jr. |
| born | October 13, 1909 |
| died | November 05, 1956
Interred: Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California |
| origin | Toledo, Ohio, U.S. |
| instrument | Piano |
| genre | Jazz, stride |
| occupation | Jazz pianist |
| years active | 1927–1956 |
| notable instruments | }} |
Tatum is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time. Critic Scott Yanow wrote, "Tatum's quick reflexes and boundless imagination kept his improvisations filled with fresh (and sometimes futuristic) ideas that put him way ahead of his contemporaries ... Art Tatum's recordings still have the ability to scare modern pianists."
Life and career
For a musician of such stature, there is very little published information available about Tatum's life. Only one full-length biography of Tatum has been published, ''Too Marvelous for Words'', by James Lester. Lester interviewed many Tatum contemporaries for the book and drew from many articles published about Tatum.
Early years
Tatum was born in Toledo, Ohio. His father, Arthur Tatum, Sr., was a guitarist and an elder at Grace Presbyterian Church, where his mother, Mildred Hoskins, played piano. He had two siblings, Karl and Arlene. From infancy he suffered from cataracts (of disputed cause) which left him blind in one eye and with only very limited vision in the other. A number of surgical procedures improved his eye condition to a degree but some of the benefits were reversed when he was assaulted in 1930 at age 20.A child prodigy with perfect pitch, Tatum learned to play by ear, picking out church hymns by the age of three, learning tunes from the radio and copying piano-roll recordings his mother owned. In a Voice of America interview, he denied the widespread rumor that he learned to play by copying piano roll recordings made by two pianists. He developed an incredibly fast playing style, without losing accuracy. As a child he was also very sensitive to the piano's intonation and insisted it be tuned often. While playing piano was the most obvious application of his mental and physical skills, he also had an encyclopedic memory for Major League Baseball statistics.
In 1925, Tatum moved to the Columbus School for the Blind, where he studied music and learned braille. Subsequently he studied piano with Overton G. Rainey at either the Jefferson School or the Toledo School of Music. Rainey, who too was visually impaired, likely taught Tatum in the classical tradition, as Rainey did not improvise and discouraged his students from playing jazz. In 1927, Tatum began playing on Toledo radio station WSPD as 'Arthur Tatum, Toledo's Blind Pianist', during interludes in Ellen Kay's shopping chat program and soon had his own program. By the age of 19, Tatum was playing with singer Jon Hendricks, also an Ohioan, at the local Waiters' and Bellmens' Club. As word of Tatum spread, national performers, including Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Joe Turner and Fletcher Henderson, passing through Toledo would make it a point to drop in to hear the piano phenomenon.
Musical career
Tatum drew inspiration from the pianists James P. Johnson and Fats Waller, who exemplified the stride piano style, and from the more 'modern' Earl Hines, six years Tatum's senior. Tatum identified Waller as his main influence, but according to pianist Teddy Wilson and saxophonist Eddie Barefield, "Art Tatum's favorite jazz piano player was Earl Hines. He [Tatum] used to buy all of Earl's records and would improvise on them. He'd play the record but he'd improvise over what Earl was doing ..... 'course, when you heard Art play you didn't hear nothing of anybody but Art. But he got his ideas from Earl's style of playing - but Earl never knew that". A major event in his meteoric rise to success was his appearance at a cutting contest in 1933 at Morgan's bar in New York City that included Waller, Johnson and Willie "The Lion" Smith. Standard contest pieces included Johnson's "Harlem Strut" and "Carolina Shout" and Fats Waller's "Handful of Keys." Tatum triumphed with his arrangements of "Tea for Two" and "Tiger Rag", in a performance that was considered to be the last word in stride piano. James P. Johnson, reminiscing about Tatum's debut afterward, simply said, 'When Tatum played Tea For Two that night I guess that was the first time I ever heard it really played.' Tatum's debut was historic because he outplayed the elite competition and heralded the demise of the stride era. He was not challenged further until stride specialist Donald Lambert initiated a half-serious rivalry with him.Tatum worked in New York at the Onyx Club for a few months and recorded his first four solo sides on the Brunswick label in March, 1933. He returned to Ohio and played around the American midwest in the mid-1930s and played on the Fleischman Hour radio program hosted by Rudy Vallee in 1935. He also played stints at the Three Deuces in Chicago and in Los Angeles played at the Trocadero, the Paramount and the Club Alabam. In 1937 he returned to New York where he appeared at clubs and played on national radio programs. The following year he embarked on the Queen Mary for England where he toured, playing for three months at Ciro's Club owned by bandleader Ambrose. In the late 1930s he returned to play and record in Los Angeles and New York.
1940s
In 1941, Tatum recorded two sessions for Decca Records with singer, Big Joe Turner, the first of which included "Wee Wee Baby Blues", which attained national popularity. Two years later Tatum won Esquire Magazine's first jazz popularity poll. Perhaps believing there was a limited audience for solo piano, Tatum formed a trio in 1943 with guitarist Tiny Grimes and bassist Slam Stewart, whose perfect pitch enabled him to follow Tatum's excursions. Tatum recorded exclusively with the trio for almost two years, but abandoned the trio format in 1945 and returned to solo piano work. Although Tatum was idolized by many jazz musicians, his popularity faded in the mid to late forties with the advent of bebop - a movement which Tatum did not embrace.The last two years of his life, Tatum regularly played at Baker's Keyboard Lounge in Detroit, including his final public performance in April 1956. Earlier, Tatum had personally selected and purchased for Clarence Baker the Steinway piano at Baker's, finding it in a New York showroom, and shipping it to Detroit.
Death
Art Tatum died at Queen of Angels Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from the complications of uremia (as a result of kidney failure). He was originally interred at Angelus Rosedale Cemetery in Los Angeles, but was moved to the Great Mausoleum of Glendale's Forest Lawn Cemetery in 1991. He was survived by his wife, Geraldine Tatum. Geraldine died on May 4, 2010 in Los Angeles, and was interred beside Art at Forest Lawn Cemetery.
Style
Tatum built upon stride and classical piano influences to develop a novel and unique piano style. He introduced a strong, swinging pulse to jazz piano, highlighted with spectacular cadenzas that swept across the entire keyboard. His interpretations of popular songs were exuberant, sophisticated, grandiose and intricate. He sometimes improvised lines that presaged bebop and later jazz genres but generally he did not venture far from the original melodic lines of songs. Jazz soloing in the 1930s had not yet evolved into the free-ranging extended improvisations that flowered in the bebop era of the 1940s and 1950s and beyond. But Tatum embellished those melodic lines with an array of signature devices and runs that appeared throughout his repertoire. As he matured, Tatum became more adventurous in abandoning the melodies and elongating those improvisations.Tatum was an innovator in reharmonizing melodies by changing the supporting chord progressions or by altering the root movements of a piece. This technique casts a familiar theme in a fresh light and gives the music an unexpected quality. Many of his harmonic concepts and larger chord voicings (e.g., 13th chords with various flat or sharp intervals) were well ahead of their time in the 1930s (except for their partial emergence in popular songs of the jazz age) and they would be explored by bebop-era musicians a decade later. He worked some of the upper extensions of chords into his lines, a practice which was further developed by Bud Powell and Charlie Parker, which in turn was an influence on the development of 'modern jazz'. Tatum also pioneered the use of dissonance in jazz piano, as can be heard, for example, on his recording of "Aunt Hagar's Blues", which uses extensive dissonance to achieve a bluesy effect. In addition to using major and minor seconds, dissonance was inherent in the complex chords that Tatum frequently used.
Tatum could also play the blues with authority. Pianist Jay McShann, not known for showering compliments on his rivals, is on record as saying, "Art could really play the blues. To me, he was the world's greatest blues player, and I think few people realized that." His repertoire, however, was predominantly Broadway and popular standards, whose chord progressions and variety better suited his talents. His approach was elaborate, pyrotechnic, dramatic and joyous. His protean style combined stride, jazz, swing, boogie-woogie and classical elements, while the musical ideas flowed in rapid-fire fashion. Benny Green wrote in his collected work of essays, ''The Reluctant Art'', that "Tatum has been the only jazz musician to date who has made an attempt to conceive a style based upon all styles, to master the mannerisms of all schools and then synthesize those into something personal." He was playful, spontaneous and often inserted quotes from other songs into his improvisations. Tatum was not inclined toward understatement or expansive use of space. He seldom played in a simplified way, preferring interpretations that displayed his great technique and clever harmonizations. When jazz pianist Stanley Cowell was growing up in Toledo, his father prevailed upon Tatum to play piano at the Cowell home. Stanley described the scene as "Tatum played so brilliantly and so much . . . that I thought the piano was gonna break. My mother left the room . . . so I said "What's wrong, Mama?" And she said "Oh, that man plays too much piano." A handful of critics have complained that Tatum played too many notes or was too ornamental or was even 'unjazzlike'. Jazz critic Gary Giddins opined "That is the essence of Tatum. If you don't like his ornament, you should be listening to someone else. That's where his genius is."
From the foundation of stride, Tatum made great leaps forward in technique and harmony and he honed a groundbreaking improvisational style that extended the limits of what was possible in jazz piano. His innovations were to greatly influence later jazz pianists, such as Bud Powell, Thelonious Monk, Oscar Peterson, Billy Taylor, Bill Evans and Chick Corea. One of Tatum's innovations was his extensive use of the pentatonic scale, which may have inspired later pianists to further mine its possibilities as a device for soloing. Herbie Hancock described Tatum's unique tone as "majestic" and devoted some time to unlocking this sound and to noting Tatum's harmonic arsenal.
The sounds that Tatum produced with the piano were also distinctive. It was said that he could make a bad piano sound good. Generally playing at mezzoforte volume, he employed the entire keyboard from deep bass tones to sonorous mid-register chords to sparkling upper register runs. He used the sustain pedal sparingly so that each note was clearly articulated and chords were cleanly sounded. Tatum's harmonic invention produced tonal colors that identified his musical palette. He played with boundless energy and occasionally his speedy and precise delivery produced an almost mechanical effect not unlike the sound of a player piano.
Technique
Critic Gunther Schuller declared "On one point there is universal agreement: Tatum's awesome technique." That technique was marked by a calm physical demeanor and efficiency. He did not indulge in theatrical physical or facial expression. Hank Jones said: “When I finally met him and got a chance to hear him play in person, it seemed as if he wasn’t really exerting much effort, he had an effortless way of playing. It was deceptive. You’d watch him and you couldn’t believe what was coming out, what was reaching your ears. He didn’t have that much motion at the piano. He didn’t make a big show of moving around and waving his hands and going through all sorts of physical gyrations to produce the music that he produced, so that in itself is amazing. There had to be intense concentration there, but you couldn’t tell by just looking at him play." The effortless gliding of his hands over difficult passages puzzled most who witnessed the phenomenon. He especially mystified other pianists to whom Tatum appeared to be "playing the impossible." Even when playing scintillating runs at high velocity, it appeared that his fingers hardly moved. Using self-taught fingering, including an array of two-fingered runs, he executed the pyrotechnics with meticulous accuracy and timing. His execution was all the more remarkable considering that he drank prodigious amounts of alcohol when performing, yet his recordings are never sloppy. Tatum also displayed phenomenal independence of the hands and ambidexterity, which was particularly evident while improvising counterpoint. Jazz historian and commentator Ira Gitler declared that Tatum's "left hand was the equal of his right." Around 1950 when Bud Powell was opening for Tatum at Birdland, Powell reportedly said to Tatum: "Man, I'm going to really show you about tempo and playing fast. Anytime you're ready." Tatum laughed and replied: "Look, you come in here tomorrow, and anything you do with your right hand, I'll do with my left." Powell never took up the challenge.Tatum played chords with a relatively flat-fingered technique compared to the curvature taught in classical training. Composer/pianist Mary Lou Williams told Whitney Balliett, "Tatum taught me how to hit my notes, how to control them without using pedals. And he showed me how to keep my fingers flat on the keys to get that clean tone." Jimmy Rowles said "Most of the stuff he played was clear over my head. There was too much going on — both hands were impossible to believe. You couldn't pick out what he was doing because his fingers were so smooth and soft, and the way he did it — it was like camouflage." When his fastest tracks of "Tiger Rag" are slowed down, they still reveal a coherent, syncopated rhythm.
After hours
After regular club dates, Tatum would decamp to after-hours clubs to hang out with other musicians who would play for each other. Biographer James Lester notes that Tatum enjoyed listening to other pianists and preferred to play last when several pianists played. He frequently played for hours on end into the dawn, to the detriment of his marriages. Tatum was said to be more spontaneous and creative in those free-form nocturnal sessions than in his scheduled performances. Evidence of this can be found in the set entitled ''20th Century Piano Genius'' which consists of 40 tunes recorded at private parties at the home of Hollywood music director Ray Heindorf in 1950 and 1955. According to the review by Marc Greilsamer, "All of the trademark Tatum elements are here: the grand melodic flourishes, the harmonic magic tricks, the flirtations with various tempos and musical styles. But what also emerges is Tatum's effervescence, his joy, and his humor. He seems to celebrate and mock these timeless melodies all at once."
Group work
Tatum tended to work and to record unaccompanied, partly because relatively few musicians could keep pace with his fast tempos and advanced harmonic vocabulary. Other musicians expressed amazed bewilderment at performing with Tatum. Drummer Jo Jones, who recorded a 1956 trio session with Tatum and bassist Red Callender is quoted as quipping, "I didn't even play on that session [...] all I did was listen. I mean, what could ''I'' add? [...] I felt like setting my damn drums on fire." Buddy DeFranco said that playing with Tatum was "like chasing a train." Tatum said of himself: "A band hampers me."Tatum did not readily adapt or defer to other musicians in ensemble settings. Early in his career he was required to restrain himself when he worked as accompanist for vocalist Adelaide Hall in 1932-33. Perhaps because Tatum believed there was a limited audience for solo piano, he formed a trio in 1943 with guitarist Tiny Grimes and bassist Slam Stewart, whose perfect pitch enabled him to follow Tatum's excursions. He later recorded with other musicians, including a notable session with the 1944 Esquire Jazz All-Stars, which included Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday and other jazz greats, at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. He also recorded memorable group sessions for Norman Granz in the mid-1950s.
Repertoire
Tatum's repertoire consisted mainly of music from the Great American Songbook — Tin Pan Alley, Broadway and other popular music of the 20s, 30s and 40s. He played his own arrangements of a few classical piano pieces as well, most famously Dvořák's ''Humoresque no. 7'' and Massenet's "Elegie". these interpretations are unsurpassed in conception and inventiveness by anything that has been recorded since. Although Tatum was not known as a composer, his versions of popular numbers were so original as to border on composition.
Emulators
Mainstream jazz piano has gone in a different direction than that pioneered by Tatum. Nevertheless, transcriptions of Tatum are popular and are often practiced assiduously. But perhaps because his playing was so difficult to copy, only a handful of musicians — such as Oscar Peterson, Johnny Costa, Johnny Guarnieri, Adam Makowicz, Luther G. Williams, Steven Mayer and Christopher Jordan, and, outside of the usual roster of jazz pianists, Andre Previn — have attempted to seriously emulate or challenge Tatum. Although Bud Powell was of the bebop movement, his prolific and exciting style showed Tatum influence.
Recordings
Tatum recorded commercially from 1932 until near his death. Although recording opportunities were somewhat intermittent for most of his career due to his solo style, he left copious recordings. He recorded for Decca (1934–41), Capitol (1949, 1952) and for the labels associated with Norman Granz (1953–56). Tatum demonstrated remarkable memory when he recorded 68 solo tracks for Norman Granz in two days, all but three of the tracks in one take. He also recorded a series of group recordings for Granz with, among others, Ben Webster, Jo Jones, Buddy DeFranco, Benny Carter, Harry Sweets Edison, Roy Eldridge and Lionel Hampton.
Film
Although only a small amount of film showing Tatum playing exists today, several minutes of professionally-shot archival footage can be found in Martin Scorsese's documentary ''The Blues''. Footage also appears in Ken Burns' documentary ''Jazz'', which includes a short passage on Tatum's life and work, including comments from Jimmy Rowles and Gary Giddins. Tatum appeared in the 1947 movie ''The Fabulous Dorseys'', first playing a solo and then accompanying Dorsey's band in an impromptu song.Tatum appeared on Steve Allen's ''Tonight Show'' in the early 1950s, and on other television shows from this era. Unfortunately, all of the kinescopes of the Allen shows, which were stored in a warehouse along with other now defunct shows, were thrown into a local rubbish dump to make room for new studios. However, the soundtracks were recorded off-air by Tatum enthusiasts at the time, and many are included in Storyville Records extensive series of rare Tatum recordings.
Tatum is portrayed briefly (by actor Johnny O'Neill) in ''Ray'', a 2004 biopic about R&B; artist Ray Charles. When Charles enters a nightclub he remarks "Are my ears deceiving me or is that Art Tatum?" O'Neill captures Tatum's cool and collected presence at the keyboard.
Legacy and tributes
Tatum posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1989.Numerous stories exist about other musicians' respect for Tatum. Perhaps the most famous is the story about the time Tatum walked into a club where Fats Waller was playing, and Waller stepped away from the piano bench to make way for Tatum, announcing, "I only play the piano, but tonight God is in the house." Fats Waller's son confirmed the statement.
Charlie Parker (who helped develop bebop) was highly influenced by Tatum. When newly arrived in New York, Parker briefly worked as a dishwasher in a Manhattan restaurant where Tatum was performing and often listened to the legendary pianist. Parker once said “I wish I could play like Tatum’s right hand!”
When Oscar Peterson was still a young boy, his father played him a recording of Art Tatum performing "Tiger Rag". Once the young Peterson was finally persuaded that it was performed by a single person, Peterson was so intimidated that he did not touch the piano for weeks. Interviewing Oscar Peterson in 1962, Les Tompkins asked "Is there one musician you regard as the greatest?" Peterson replied "I’m an Art Tatum–ite. If you speak of pianists, the most complete pianist that we have known and possibly will know, from what I’ve heard to date, is Art Tatum." "Musically speaking, he was and is my musical God, and I feel honored to remain one of his humbly devoted disciples."
"Here's something new .... " pianist Hank Jones remembers thinking when he first heard Art Tatum on radio in 1935, " .... they have devised this trick to make people believe that one man is playing the piano, when I know at least three people are playing."
The jazz pianist and educator Kenny Barron commented that "I have every record [Tatum] ever made — and I try never to listen to them … If I did, I'd throw up my hands and give up!" Jean Cocteau dubbed Tatum "a crazed Chopin." Count Basie called him the eighth wonder of the world. Dave Brubeck observed, "I don't think there's any more chance of another Tatum turning up than another Mozart." Pianist Mulgrew Miller, a noted fan of Tatum, commented on personal growth by saying, "When I talk to the people I admire, they're always talking about continuous growth and development and I look at them and say, 'Well...what are YOU going to do?'. But, as Harold Mabern says, 'There's always Art Tatum records around'". Dizzy Gillespie said "First you speak of Art Tatum, then take a long deep breath, and you speak of the other pianists."
The elegant pianist Teddy Wilson observed, "Maybe this will explain Art Tatum. If you put a piano in a room, just a bare piano. Then you get all the finest jazz pianists in the world and let them play in the presence of Art Tatum. Then let Art Tatum play ... everyone there will sound like an amateur."
Other luminaries of the day including Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein, Leonard Bernstein, Leopold Godowsky and George Gershwin marveled at Tatum's genius.Jazz critic Leonard Feather has called Tatum "the greatest soloist in jazz history, regardless of instrument."
In 1993, an MIT student invented a term that is now in common usage in the field of computational musicology: The Tatum. It means "the smallest perceptual time unit in music" and is a tribute to Tatum's pianistic velocity.
The Toledo Jazz Society presents an annual event dedicated to Tatum entitled the Art Tatum Jazz Heritage Festival.
Zenph Studios, a software company focused on precisely understanding how musicians perform, recorded a new album of Tatum’s playing with Sony Masterworks in 2007. They created re-performances of Tatum’s first four commercial tracks, from March 21, 1933, and the nine tracks from the April 2, 1949 live concert at L.A.’s Shrine Auditorium. Sony recorded these anew in the same venue, in front of a live audience. These 13 tracks are on the album, “Piano Starts Here: Live from The Shrine,” which was recorded in high-resolution surround-sound and in binaural, as well as regular stereo. The binaural recording, when heard in headphones, let you hear what Tatum may have heard as he played on stage, with the piano spatially in front (bass on the left, treble on the right) and the live audience clearly downstage on the righthand side. Zenph’s re-performances have been performed live in numerous venues, including the Toronto Jazz Festival and New York’s Apollo Theater. Jazz pianist Oscar Peterson requested a live presentation, which he heard in an emotional re-performance in his home in March 2007.
Tatum's work was used and referenced heavily in the WB TV series ''Everwood'' (2002–2006), with some actual sound recordings used and compositions being performed in concerts by Ephram Brown (portrayed by Gregory Smith) in select episodes. James Earl Jones' character Will Cleveland introduced these works to young Ephram, who was an aspiring pianist, in the second season episode "Three Miners From Everwood".
For his 2008 album “Act Your Age,” Gordon Goodwin wrote a new big band arrangement to accompany Zenph’s re-performance of “Yesterdays,” and the track was recognized with a Grammy Nomination for Best Instrumental Arrangement.
In 2009 in Toledo at the new Lucas County Arena a memorial was placed to Art Tatum.
Discography
Notes
Tatum recorded commercially from 1932 until near his death. Although recording opportunities were somewhat intermittent for most of his career due to his solo style, he left copious recordings.[37] He recorded for Decca (1934–41)
References
External links
Category:1909 births Category:1956 deaths Category:Swing pianists Category:Stride pianists Category:American jazz pianists Category:African American musicians Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:People from Toledo, Ohio Category:Blind musicians Category:Deaths from renal failure Category:Verve Records artists Category:Capitol Records artists
an:Art Tatum da:Art Tatum de:Art Tatum et:Art Tatum es:Art Tatum eo:Art Tatum fr:Art Tatum io:Art Tatum it:Art Tatum he:ארט טייטום la:Arthurus Tatum lb:Art Tatum hu:Art Tatum nl:Art Tatum ja:アート・テイタム no:Art Tatum nn:Art Tatum pl:Art Tatum pt:Art Tatum ru:Тэйтум, Арт se:Art Tatum fi:Art Tatum sv:Art Tatum tr:Art Tatum zh:阿特·塔图姆This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name edward ellington| image | Duke Ellington restored.jpg |
|---|---|
| background | non_vocal_instrumentalist |
| birth name | Edward Kennedy Ellington |
| born | April 29, 1899Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| died | May 24, 1974New York City, New York, U.S. |
| instrument | Piano |
| genre | Orchestral jazz, swing, big band |
| occupation | Bandleader, pianist, composer |
| years active | 1914–74 |
| website | Duke Ellington Official Website |
A major figure in the history of jazz, Ellington's music stretched into various other genres, including blues, gospel, film scores, popular, and classical. His career spanned more than 50 years and included leading his orchestra, composing an inexhaustible songbook, scoring for movies, composing stage musicals, and world tours. Several of his instrumental works were adapted into songs that became standards. Due to his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, and thanks to his eloquence and extraordinary charisma, he is generally considered to have elevated the perception of jazz to an art form on a par with other traditional genres of music. His reputation increased after his death and the Pulitzer Prize Board bestowed on him a special posthumous honor in 1999.
Ellington called his music "American Music" rather than jazz, and liked to describe those who impressed him as "beyond category." These included many of the musicians who were members of his orchestra, some of whom are considered among the best in jazz in their own right, but it was Ellington who melded them into one of the most well-known jazz orchestral units in the history of jazz. He often composed specifically for the style and skills of these individuals, such as "Jeep's Blues" for Johnny Hodges, "Concerto for Cootie" for Cootie Williams, which later became "Do Nothing Till You Hear from Me" with Bob Russell's lyrics, and "The Mooche" for Tricky Sam Nanton and Bubber Miley. He also recorded songs written by his bandsmen, such as Juan Tizol's "Caravan" and "Perdido" which brought the 'Spanish Tinge' to big-band jazz. Several members of the orchestra remained there for several decades. After 1941, he frequently collaborated with composer-arranger-pianist Billy Strayhorn, whom he called his "writing and arranging companion." Ellington recorded for many American record companies, and appeared in several films.
Ellington led his band from 1923 until his death in 1974. His son Mercer Ellington, who had already been handling all administrative aspects of his father's business for several decades, led the band until his own death in 1996. At that point, the original band dissolved. Paul Ellington, Mercer's youngest son and executor of the Duke Ellington estate, kept the Duke Ellington Orchestra going from Mercer's death onwards.
Early life
Edward Kennedy Ellington was born on April 29, 1899 to James Edward Ellington and Daisy Kennedy Ellington. Daisy and J.E. were both pianists. She primarily played parlor songs and he operatic airs. They lived with his maternal grandparents at 2129 Ida Place (now Ward Place), NW in the West End neighborhood of Washington, D.C. His father, James Edward Ellington was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina on April 15, 1879 and moved to Washington, D.C. in 1886 with his parents. Daisy Kennedy, was born in Washington, D.C. on January 4, 1879, and was the daughter of a former American slave. James Ellington made blueprints for the United States Navy. He also worked as a butler for Dr. Middleton F. Cuthbert, a prominent white physician, and occasionally worked as a White House caterer.At the age of seven Ellington began taking piano lessons from Marietta Clinkscales. Daisy surrounded her son with dignified women to reinforce his manners and teach him to live elegantly. Ellington’s childhood friends noticed that "his casual, offhand manner, his easy grace, and his dapper dress gave him the bearing of a young nobleman", and began calling him Duke. Ellington credited his "chum" Edgar McEntree for the nickname. "I think he felt that in order for me to be eligible for his constant companionship, I should have a title. So he called me Duke."
Though Ellington took piano lessons, he was more interested in baseball. "President Roosevelt (Teddy) would come by on his horse sometimes, and stop and watch us play," he recalled. Ellington went to Armstrong Technical High School in Washington, D.C. He got his first job selling peanuts at Washington Senators baseball games.
In the summer of 1914, while working as a soda jerk at the Poodle Dog Cafe, he wrote his first composition, "Soda Fountain Rag" (also known as the "Poodle Dog Rag"). Ellington created "Soda Fountain Rag" by ear, because he had not yet learned to read and write music. "I would play the 'Soda Fountain Rag' as a one-step, two-step, waltz, tango, and fox trot," Ellington recalled. "Listeners never knew it was the same piece. I was established as having my own repertoire." In his autobiography, ''Music is my Mistress'' (1973), Ellington said he missed more lessons than he attended, feeling at the time that playing the piano was not his talent. Ellington started sneaking into Frank Holiday's Poolroom at the age of fourteen. Hearing the poolroom pianists play ignited Ellington's love for the instrument and he began to take his piano studies seriously. Among the many piano players he listened to, he listened to Doc Perry, Lester Dishman, Louis Brown, Turner Layton, Gertie Wells, Clarence Bowser, Sticky Mack, Blind Johnny, Cliff Jackson, Claude Hopkins, Phil Wurd, Caroline Thornton, Luckey Roberts, Eubie Blake, Joe Rochester, and Harvey Brooks.
Ellington began listening to, watching, and imitating ragtime pianists, not only in Washington, D.C., but in Philadelphia and Atlantic City, where he vacationed with his mother during the summer months. Dunbar High School music teacher Henry Lee Grant gave him private lessons in harmony. With the additional guidance of Washington pianist and band leader Oliver "Doc" Perry, Ellington learned to read sheet music, project a professional style, and improve his technique. Ellington was also inspired by his first encounters with stride pianists James P. Johnson and Luckey Roberts. Later in New York he took advice from Will Marion Cook, Fats Waller, and Sidney Bechet. Ellington started to play gigs in cafés and clubs in and around Washington, D.C. and his attachment grew to be so strong that he turned down an art scholarship to the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn in 1916. Three months before graduating he dropped out of Armstrong Manual Training School, where he was studying commercial art.
From 1917 through 1919, Ellington launched his musical career, painting commercial signs by day and playing piano by night. Through his day job, Duke's entrepreneurial side came out: when a customer would ask him to make a sign for a dance or party, he would ask them if they had musical entertainment; if not, Ellington would ask if he could play for them. He also had a messenger job with the U.S. Navy and State Departments. Ellington moved out of his parents' home and bought his own as he became a successful pianist. At first, he played in other ensembles, and in late 1917 formed his first group, "The Duke’s Serenaders" ("Colored Syncopators", his telephone directory advertising proclaimed). He was not only a member, but also the booking agent. His first play date was at the True Reformer's Hall, where he took home 75 cents.
Ellington played throughout the Washington, D.C. area and into Virginia for private society balls and embassy parties. The band included Otto Hardwick, who switched from bass to saxophone; Arthur Whetsol on trumpet; Elmer Snowden on banjo; and Sonny Greer on drums. The band thrived, performing for both African-American and white audiences, a rarity during the racially divided times.
Music career
Early career
When his drummer Sonny Greer was invited to join the Wilber Sweatman Orchestra in New York City, Ellington made the fateful decision to leave behind his successful career in Washington, D.C., and move to Harlem, becoming one of the figures of the Harlem Renaissance. New dance crazes like the Charleston emerged in Harlem, as well as African-American musical theater, including Eubie Blake's ''Shuffle Along''. After the young musicians left the Sweatman Orchestra to strike out on their own, they found an emerging jazz scene that was highly competitive and hard to crack. They hustled pool by day and played whatever gigs they could find. The young band met Willie "The Lion" Smith who introduced them to the scene and gave them some money. They played at rent-house parties for income. After a few months the young musicians returned to Washington, D.C., feeling discouraged.In June 1923 a gig in Atlantic City, New Jersey, led to a play date at the prestigious Exclusive Club in Harlem. This was followed in September 1923 by a move to the Hollywood Club – 49th and Broadway – and a four-year engagement, which gave Ellington a solid artistic base. He was known to play the bugle at the end of each performance. The group was called Elmer Snowden and his Black Sox Orchestra and had seven members, including James "Bubber" Miley. They renamed themselves "The Washingtonians". Snowden left the group in early 1924 and Ellington took over as bandleader. After a fire the club was re-opened as the Club Kentucky (often referred to as the "Kentucky Club"), an engagement which set the stage for the biggest opportunities in Ellington's life.
Ellington made eight records in 1924, receiving composing credit on three including ''Choo Choo''. In 1925 Ellington contributed four songs to ''Chocolate Kiddies'', an all-African-American revue which introduced European audiences to African-American styles and performers. "Duke Ellington and his Kentucky Club Orchestra" grew to a ten-piece organization; they developed their distinct sound by displaying the non-traditional expression of Ellington’s arrangements, the street rhythms of Harlem, and the exotic-sounding trombone growls and wah-wahs, high-squealing trumpets, and sultry saxophone blues licks of the band members. For a short time soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet played with the group, imparting his propulsive swing and superior musicianship to the young band members. This helped attract the attention of some of the biggest names of jazz, including Paul Whiteman.
In 1927 King Oliver turned down a regular booking for his group as the house band at Harlem's Cotton Club; the offer passed to Ellington. With a weekly radio broadcast and famous white clientele nightly pouring in to see them, Ellington and his band thrived in the period from 1932 to 1942, a golden age for the band.
Ellington was joined in New York City by his wife, Edna Thompson, and son Mercer in the late twenties, but the couple soon permanently separated. According to her obituary in ''Jet'' magazine, she was "[h]omesick for Washington" and returned (she died in 1967).
Although trumpeter Bubber Miley was a member of the orchestra for only a short period, he had a major influence on Ellington's sound. An early exponent of growl trumpet, his style changed the "sweet" dance band sound of the group to one that was hotter, which contemporaries termed 'jungle' style. He also composed most of "Black and Tan Fantasy" and "Creole Love Call". An alcoholic, Miley had to leave the band before they gained wider fame. He died in 1932 at the age of 29. He was an important influence on Cootie Williams, who replaced him.
In 1927 Ellington made a career-advancing agreement with agent-publisher Irving Mills, giving Mills a 45% interest in Ellington's future. Mills had an eye for new talent and early on published compositions by Hoagy Carmichael, Dorothy Fields, and Harold Arlen. During the 1930s Ellington's popularity continued to increase – largely as a result of the promotional skills of Mills – who got more than his fair share of co-composer credits. Mills arranged recording sessions on the Brunswick, Victor, and Columbia labels which gave Ellington popular recognition. Mills lifted the management burden from Ellington's shoulders, allowing him to focus on his band's sound and his compositions. Ellington ended his association with Mills in 1937, although he continued to record under Mills' banner through to 1940.At the Cotton Club, Ellington's group performed all the music for the revues, which mixed comedy, dance numbers, vaudeville, burlesque, music, and illegal alcohol. The musical numbers were composed by Jimmy McHugh and the lyrics by Dorothy Fields (later Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler), with some Ellington originals mixed in. Weekly radio broadcasts from the club gave Ellington national exposure. In 1929 Ellington appeared in his first movie, a nineteen-minute all-African-American RKO short, ''Black and Tan'', in which he played the hero "Duke". In the same year, The Cotton Club Orchestra appeared on stage for several months in Florenz Ziegfeld's ''Show Girl'', along with vaudeville stars Jimmy Durante, Eddie Foy, Jr., Al Jolson, Ruby Keeler, and with music and lyrics by George Gershwin and Gus Kahn. That feverish period also included numerous recordings, under the pseudonyms "Whoopee Makers", "The Jungle Band", "Harlem Footwarmers", and the "Ten Black Berries". In 1930 Ellington and his Orchestra connected with a whole different audience in a concert with Maurice Chevalier and they also performed at the Roseland Ballroom, "America's foremost ballroom". Noted composer Percy Grainger was also an early admirer and supporter.
In 1929, when Ellington conducted the orchestra for ''Show Girl'', he met Will Vodery, Ziegfeld’s musical supervisor. In his 1946 biography, ''Duke Ellington'', Barry Ulanov wrote:
As the Depression worsened, the recording industry was in crisis, dropping over 90% of its artists by 1933. Ellington and his orchestra survived the hard times by taking to the road in a series of tours. Radio exposure also helped maintain popularity. Ivie Anderson was hired as their featured vocalist. Sonny Greer had been providing occasional vocals and continued to do in a cross-talk feature with Anderson. Ellington, however, later had many different vocalists, including Herb Jeffries (until 1943) and Al Hibbler (who replaced Jeffries in 1943 and continued until 1951).
Ellington led the orchestra by conducting from the keyboard using piano cues and visual gestures; very rarely did he conduct using a baton. As a bandleader Ellington was not a strict disciplinarian; he maintained control of his orchestra with a crafty combination of charm, humor, flattery, and astute psychology. A complex, private person, he revealed his feelings to only his closest intimates and effectively used his public persona to deflect attention away from himself.
While the band's United States audience remained mainly African-American in this period, the Cotton Club had a near-exclusive white clientele and the Ellington orchestra had a huge following overseas, exemplified by the success of their trip to England in 1933 and their 1934 visit to the European mainland. The English visit saw Ellington win praise from members of the 'serious' music community, including composer Constant Lambert, which gave a boost to Ellington's aspiration to compose longer works. For agent Mills it was a publicity triumph, as Ellington was now internationally known. On the band's tour through the segregated South in 1934, they avoided some of the traveling difficulties of African-Americans by touring in private railcars. These provided easy accommodations, dining, and storage for equipment while avoiding the indignities of segregated facilities.
The death of Ellington's mother in 1935 led to a temporary hiatus in his career. Competition was also intensifying, as African-American and white swing bands began to receive popular attention, including those of Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, Jimmy Dorsey, Jimmie Lunceford, Benny Carter, Earl Hines, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. Swing dancing became a youth phenomenon, particularly with white college audiences, and "danceability" drove record sales and bookings. Jukeboxes proliferated nationwide, spreading the gospel of "swing". Ellington band could certainly swing, but Ellington's strengths were mood and nuance, and richness of composition; hence his statement "jazz is music; swing is business". Ellington countered with two developments. He made recordings of smaller groups (sextets, octets, and nonets) drawn from his then-15-man orchestra and he composed pieces intended to feature specific instrumentalist, as with "Jeep's Blues" for Johnny Hodges, "Yearning for Love" for Lawrence Brown, "Trumpet in Spades" for Rex Stewart, "Echoes of Harlem" for Cootie Williams and "Clarinet Lament" for Barney Bigard.
In 1937 Ellington returned to the Cotton Club which had relocated to the mid-town theater district. In the summer of that year, his father died, and due to many expenses, Ellington's finances were tight. Things improved in 1938 and he met and moved in with Cotton Club employee Beatrice "Evie" Ellis. After splitting with agent Irving Mills, he signed on with the William Morris Agency. The 1930s ended with a very successful European tour just as World War II loomed.
Ellington delivered some huge hits during the 1930s, which greatly helped to build his overall reputation. Some of them include: "Mood Indigo" (1930), "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" (1932), "Sophisticated Lady" (1933), "Solitude" (1934), "In a Sentimental Mood" (1935), "Caravan" (1937), "I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart" (1938). "Take the "A" Train" which hit big in 1941, was written by Billy Strayhorn.
Strayhorn, originally hired as a lyricist, began his association with Ellington in 1939. Nicknamed "Swee' Pea" for his mild manner, Strayhorn soon became a vital member of the Ellington Organization. Ellington showed great fondness kept the Duke Ellington Orchestra going for Strayhorn and never failed to speak glowingly of the man and their collaborative working relationship, "my right arm, my left arm, all the eyes in the back of my head, my brain waves in his head, and his in mine". Strayhorn, with his training in classical music, not only contributed his original lyrics and music, but also arranged and polished many of Ellington's works, becoming a second Ellington or "Duke's doppelganger". It was not uncommon for Strayhorn to fill in for Duke, whether in conducting or rehearsing the band, playing the piano, on stage, and in the recording studio.
Duke in the 1940s
The band reached a creative peak in the early 1940s, when Ellington and a small hand-picked group of his composers and arrangers wrote for an orchestra of distinctive voices who displayed tremendous creativity.
Some of the musicians created a sensation in their own right. The short-lived Jimmy Blanton transformed the use of double bass in jazz, allowing it to function as a solo rather than a rhythm instrument alone. Ben Webster, the Orchestra's first regular tenor saxophonist, started a rivalry with Johnny Hodges as the Orchestra's foremost voice in the sax section. Ray Nance joined, replacing Cootie Williams (who had "defected", contemporary wags claimed, to Benny Goodman). Nance, however, added violin to the instrumental colors Ellington had at his disposal.
Three-minute masterpieces flowed from the minds of Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Ellington's son Mercer Ellington, Mary Lou Williams and members of the Orchestra. "Cotton Tail", "Main Stem", "Harlem Airshaft", "Sidewalks of New York (East Side, West Side)", "Jack the bear", and dozens of others date from this period.
Privately made recordings of Nance's first concert date, at Fargo, North Dakota, on November 7, 1940 by Jack Towers and Dick Burris, are probably the most effective display of the band during this period. These recordings, later released as ''Duke Ellington at Fargo, 1940 Live'', are among the first of innumerable live performances which survive, made by enthusiasts or broadcasters, significantly expanding the Ellington discography.
Ellington's long-term aim became to extend the jazz form from the three-minute limit of the 78 rpm record side, of which he was an acknowledged master. He had composed and recorded ''Creole Rhapsody'' as early as 1931 (issued as both sides of 12" record for Victor and both sides of a 10" record for Brunswick), and his tribute to his mother, "Reminiscing in Tempo," had filled four 10" record sides in 1935; however, it was not until the 1940s that this became a regular feature of Ellington's work.
In this, he was helped by Strayhorn, who had enjoyed a more thorough training in the forms associated with classical music than Ellington. The first of these, "Black, Brown, and Beige" (1943), was dedicated to telling the story of African-Americans, and the place of slavery and the church in their history. Ellington debuted ''Black, Brown and Beige'' in Carnegie Hall on January 23, 1943, beginning a series of concerts there suited to displaying Ellington's longer works. While some jazz musicians had played at Carnegie Hall before, few had performed anything as elaborate as Ellington’s work.
Unfortunately, starting a regular pattern, Ellington's longer works were generally not well-received. ''Jump for Joy'', a full-length musical based on themes of African-American identity, debuted on July 10, 1941 at the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles. Although it had the support of the Hollywood establishment, and received mostly positive reviews, its socio-political outlook provoked a negative reaction among some members of the public. It ran for 122 performances until September 29, 1941, with a brief revival in November of that year. Its subject matter did not make it appealing to Broadway, despite Ellington's plans to take it there.
The settlement of the first recording ban of 1942–43 had a serious effect on all the big bands because of the increase in royalty payments to musicians which resulted from it. The financial viability of Ellington's Orchestra came under threat, though Ellington's income as a songwriter ultimately subsidized it. Ellington always spent lavishly and although he drew a respectable income from the Orchestra's operations, the band's income often just covered expenses.
The music industry's focus shifted away from the Big Bands to the work of solo vocalists such as the young Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holliday and mainstream groups like The Andrews Sisters as World War II drew to a close. While Ellington had featured some of the most talented singers of the day fronting his orchestra, he and his band took a back seat to no one, which set him down a path that put him increasingly at odds with the growing recording industry which was profiting from celebrity singers who were cheaper to keep than a big band, and produced bigger revenues.
By the mid 1940s, artists were creatively changing. One of Ellington's composer-arrangers, Mary Lou Williams, left Ellington in 1943 and by 1945 was working with Dizzy Gillespie on a new form of jazz music, "Bebop."
Bebop rebelled against mainstream jazz and the strict forms of which Ellington was perhaps its most well known standard-bearer. The music, which had redefined the American sound over 35 years, was about to be shaken up.
It would take another ten years for Bebop to begin catching on with jazz aficionados world-wide, but it was an early hit with club owners of smaller venues who could draw the jazz form's growing audiences in New York City at a fraction of the cost of hosting a big band, particularly one of Ellington's caliber. Newer, smaller bands and splinter forms of music increasingly put pressure on the bigger clubs who paid out increasingly more to maintain their big bands. Ellington's elite band was a costly enterprise that, along with his excessive personal spending, always teetered on the brink of break-even. The new music trends eventually pushed it over the edge and put Ellington out on the road in search of venues that could afford to showcase his music.
Bebop was also a huge shift for young talent, from Charlie Parker to John Coltrane to Thelonious Monk who did not embrace Big Band and sought out new creative frontiers, redefining "modern" jazz music forever. Ellington did not recruit or embrace these new artists and change with the times.
In 1950, another emerging musical trend, the African-American popular music style known as Rhythm and Blues driven by a new generation of composers and musicians like Fats Domino drew away young audiences from both the African-American and white communities, and ultimately unified those audiences as R&B; morphed into Rock & Roll which expanded the cults of the singers from the Big Band era to the singer/songwriters from Domino to Elvis Presley to Buddy Holly. Again, Ellington did not embrace the new musical form, leaving him further in the growing dust cloud of musical history.
Ellington continued on his own course through these tectonic shifts in the music business. He did not wholly resist trends while trying to turn out major works. The Kay Davis vocal feature "Transblucency" was an attempt to cater to the singer-centric music world. He still performed major extended compositions such as ''Harlem'' (1950), whose score he presented to music-loving President Harry Truman, but these works were rapidly becoming reflections of his greatness in the 1930s and 1940s, and not ground-breaking works that rattled the music world back into the Big Band camp.
In 1951, Ellington suffered a major loss of personnel, with Sonny Greer, Lawrence Brown, and most significantly Johnny Hodges, leaving to pursue other ventures. Lacking overseas opportunities and motion picture appearances, Ellington's Orchestra survived on "one-nighters" and whatever else came their way.
By the summer of 1955 the band was performing for six weeks at the Aquacade in Flushing, New York, where Ellington is supposed to have "invented" a drink known as "The Tornado," the only alcoholic concoction that features his signature Coca-Cola and sugar.
Ellington's hope that television would provide a significant new outlet for his type of jazz was not fulfilled. Tastes and trends had moved on without him. The introduction of the 33 1/3 rpm LP record and hi-fi phonograph though, did give new life to many of his older compositions. However by 1955, after three years of recording for Capitol, Ellington no longer had a regular recording affiliation.
Career revival
The music business' increasing factionization into specific forms of rock-and-roll, country, bluegrass, or jazz broke down into even more sub-sets, and opened the door for the second act in Duke Ellington's career. An international fascination with Jazz re-opened the door at record labels to artists like Ellington and Louis Armstrong who had found themselves out of step with the times for the last half-decade. The Ellington who was too big or too proud to change would now appear with a variety of artists from the different jazz forms.Ellington's appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival on July 7, 1956 returned him to wider prominence and exposed him to new audiences. The feature "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue", with saxophonist Paul Gonsalves's six-minute saxophone solo, had been in the band's book since 1937, but on this occasion nearly created a riot. The revived attention should not have surprised anyone – Hodges had returned to the fold the previous year, and Ellington's collaboration with Strayhorn had been renewed around the same time, under terms more amenable to the younger man. ''Such Sweet Thunder'' (1957), based on Shakespeare's plays and characters, and ''The Queen's Suite'', dedicated to Queen Elizabeth II, were products of the renewed impetus which the Newport appearance helped to create.
A new record contract with Columbia produced Ellington's best-selling LP ''Ellington at Newport'' and yielded six years of recording stability under producer Irving Townsend, who coaxed both commercial and artistic productions from Ellington. In 1957, CBS (Columbia's parent corporation) aired a live television production of ''A Drum Is a Woman'', an allegorical suite which received mixed reviews. Festival appearances at the new Monterey Jazz Festival and elsewhere provided venues for live exposure, and a European tour in 1958 was wildly received.
After a 25-year gap, Ellington (with Strayhorn) returned to work on film scores, this time for ''Anatomy of a Murder'' (1959) and ''Paris Blues'' (1961). Ellington and Strayhorn, always looking for new musical territory, produced adaptations of John Steinbeck's novel ''Sweet Thursday'', Tchaikovsky's ''Nutcracker Suite'' and Edvard Grieg's ''Peer Gynt''. The late 1950s also saw Ella Fitzgerald record her ''Duke Ellington Songbook'' with Ellington and his orchestra—a recognition that Ellington's songs had now become part of the cultural canon known as the "Great American Songbook".
''Detroit Free Press'' music critic Mark Stryker concludes that the work of Billy Strayhorn and Ellington in ''Anatomy of a Murder'', the trial court drama film directed by Otto Preminger in 1959, is "indispensable, [although] . . . too sketchy to rank in the top echelon among Ellington-Strayhorn masterpiece suites like ''Such Sweet Thunder'' and ''The Far East Suite'', but its most inspired moments are their equal." Film historians have recognized the soundtrack "as a landmark – the first significant Hollywood film music by African Americans comprising non-diegetic music, that is, music whose source is not visible or implied by action in the film, like an on-screen band." The score avoided the cultural stereotypes which previously characterized jazz scores and rejected a strict adherence to visuals in ways that presaged the New Wave cinema of the ’60s".
In the early 1960s, Ellington embraced recording with artists who had been fierce rivals of the past, or who had been young artists from the Bebop beginnings whom he did not associate with. The Ellington and Count Basie orchestras recorded together. During a period when he was between recording contracts he made records with Louis Armstrong (Roulette), Coleman Hawkins, John Coltrane (both for Impulse) and participated in a session with Charles Mingus and Max Roach which produced the ''Money Jungle'' (United Artists) album.
Ironically, the singer most responsible for setting off the changes that brought an end to the big band era became Ellington's salvation. He signed to Frank Sinatra's new Reprise label. Musicians who had previously worked with Ellington returned to the Orchestra as members: Lawrence Brown in 1960 and Cootie Williams in 1962.
The international mania for jazz reinstated Ellington as one of the highest earning artists in jazz. He performed all over the world; a significant part of each year was now spent making overseas tours.
He formed notable new working relationships with international artists from around the world, including the Swedish vocalist Alice Babs, and South African musicians Dollar Brand and Sathima Bea Benjamin (''A Morning in Paris'', 1963/1997).
His earlier hits became big sellers in the rediscovery of the music world-wide, earning Ellington impressive royalties.
"The writing and playing of music is a matter of intent.... You can't just throw a paint brush against the wall and call whatever happens art. My music fits the tonal personality of the player. I think too strongly in terms of altering my music to fit the performer to be impressed by accidental music. You can't take doodling seriously."
Last years
Ellington was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 1965, but was turned down. His reaction at 67 years old: "Fate is being kind to me. Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young." In September of the same year, the first of his Sacred Concerts was given its premiere. It was an attempt to fuse Christian liturgy with jazz, and even though it received mixed reviews, Ellington was proud of the composition and performed it dozens of times. This concert was followed by two others of the same type in 1968 and 1973, known as the Second and Third Sacred Concerts. This caused controversy in what was already a tumultuous time in the United States. Many saw the Sacred Music suites as an attempt to reinforce commercial support for organized religion, though Ellington simply said it was, "the most important thing I've done." The Steinway piano upon which the Sacred Concerts were composed is part of the collection of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. Like Haydn and Mozart, Ellington conducted his orchestra from the piano - he always played the keyboard parts when the Sacred Concerts were performed.Ellington continued to make vital and innovative recordings, including ''The Far East Suite'' (1966), the ''New Orleans Suite'' (1970), and ''The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse'' (1971), much of it inspired by his world tours. It was during this time that Ellington recorded his only album with Frank Sinatra, entitled ''Francis A. & Edward K.'' (1967).
Ellington was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1966. He was later awarded several other prizes, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969, an Honorary PhD from the Berklee College of Music in 1971, and the Legion of Honor by France in 1973, the highest civilian honors in each country.
Work in films and the theater
Ellington's film work began in 1929 with the short film ''Black and Tan''. ''Symphony in Black'' (1935) featured his extended piece 'A Rhapsody of Negro Life'. It introduced Billie Holiday, and won an Academy Award as the best musical short subject. He also appeared in the Amos 'n' Andy film ''Check and Double Check'' (1930). Ellington and his Orchestra continued to appear in films through the 1930s and 1940s, both in short films and in features such as ''Murder at the Vanities'' and ''Belle of the Nineties'' (1934), and ''Cabin in the Sky'' (1943). In the late 1950s, his work in films took the shape of scoring for soundtracks, notably ''Anatomy of a Murder'' (1959), with James Stewart, in which he appeared fronting a roadhouse combo, and ''Paris Blues'' (1961), which featured Paul Newman and Sidney Poitier as jazz musicians.
He wrote an original score for director Michael Langham's production of Shakespeare's ''Timon of Athens'' at the Stratford Festival in Ontario, Canada which opened on July 29, 1963. Langham has used it for several subsequent productions, most recently in an adaptation by Stanley Silverman which expands the score with some of Ellington's best-known works.
Ellington composed the score for the musical ''Jump For Joy'', which was performed in Los Angeles during 1941. Ellington's sole book musical, ''Beggar's Holiday'', was staged on Broadway in 1946. ''Sophisticated Ladies'', an award-winning 1981 musical revue, incorporated many tunes from his repertoire.
Personal life
Ellington married his high school sweetheart, Edna Thompson, on July 2, 1918, when he was 19. Shortly after their marriage, on March 11, 1919 Edna gave birth to their only son, Mercer Kennedy Ellington. Mercer played trumpet, led his own band and worked as his father's business manager, eventually taking full control of the band after Duke's death. He was an important archivist of his father's musical life.Ellington's sister Ruth (1915–2004) later ran Tempo Music, Ellington's music publishing company. Ruth's second husband was the bass-baritone McHenry Boatwright, whom she met when he sang at her brother's funeral.
Ellington's eldest grandson Edward Kennedy Ellington II also is a musician and maintains a small salaried band known as the Duke Ellington Legacy, which frequently comprises the core of the big band operated by The Duke Ellington Center for the Arts.
Death
Ellington died of lung cancer and pneumonia on May 24, 1974, a month after his 75th birthday, and was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, New York City. At his funeral attended by over 12,000 people at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, Ella Fitzgerald summed up the occasion, "It's a very sad day. A genius has passed." Mercer Ellington picked up the reins of the orchestra immediately after Duke's death. Ellington's last words were, "Music is how I live, why I live and how I will be remembered."
Legacy
Duke Ellington's work has come to be recognized as a cornerstone of American culture and heritage. He is widely regarded as the most important composer in jazz; he was also a galvanizing bandleader who inspired many of his musicians to produce their best work, whilst himself being a significant exponent of jazz piano. His works have been revisited by artists and musicians around the world both as a source of inspiration and a bedrock of their own performing careers. Ellington's compositions are now the staple of the repertoire of music conservatories, and even high school band programs that have embraced his music continue to give it life and voice.His son, Mercer Ellington kept his big band alive after his passing. When Mercer died, Paul Ellington kept the Duke Ellington Orchestra going. It plays in concert halls around the world to this day.
Discography
Awards, honors and recognitions
Memorials
Numerous memorials have been dedicated to Duke Ellington, in cities from New York and Washington, D.C. to Los Angeles.In Ellington's birthplace of Washington, D.C., there is a school dedicated to his honor and memory as well as one of the bridges over Rock Creek Park. The Duke Ellington School of the Arts educates talented students, who are considering careers in the arts, by providing intensive arts instruction and strong academic programs that prepare students for post-secondary education and professional careers. The Calvert Street Bridge was renamed the Duke Ellington Bridge; built in 1935, it connects Woodley Park to Adams Morgan.
On February 24, 2009, the United States Mint launched a new coin featuring Duke Ellington, making him the first African-American to appear by himself on a circulating U.S. coin. Ellington appears on the reverse ("tails") side of the District of Columbia quarter. The coin is part of the U.S. Mint's program honoring the District and the U.S. territories and celebrates Ellington's birthplace in the District of Columbia. Ellington is depicted on the quarter seated at a piano, sheet music in hand, along with the inscription "Justice for All", which is the District's motto.
Ellington lived for years in a townhouse on the corner of Manhattan's Riverside Drive and West 106th Street. After his death, West 106th Street was officially renamed Duke Ellington Boulevard. A large memorial to Ellington, created by sculptor Robert Graham, was dedicated in 1997 in New York's Central Park, near Fifth Avenue and 110th Street, an intersection named Duke Ellington Circle.
Although he made two more stage appearances before his death, Ellington performed what is considered his final "full" concert in a ballroom at Northern Illinois University on March 20, 1974. The hall was renamed the Duke Ellington Ballroom in 1980.
A statue of Ellington at a piano is featured at the entrance to UCLA's Schoenberg Hall. According to ''UCLA Magazine'':
He is one of only five jazz musicians ever to have been featured on the cover of ''Time'' (the other four being Louis Armstrong, Thelonious Monk, Wynton Marsalis, and Dave Brubeck).
The Essentially Ellington High School Jazz Band Competition and Festival is a nationally renowned annual competition for prestigious high school bands. Started in 1996 at Jazz at Lincoln Center, the festival is named after Ellington because of the large focus that the festival places on his works.
Tributes
There are hundreds of albums dedicated to the music of Duke Ellington and Billy Strayhorn by artists famous and obscure. The more notable artists include Sonny Stitt, Thelonious Monk, Dizzy Gillespie, Tony Bennett, Claude Bolling, Oscar Peterson, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Dick Hyman, Joe Pass, Milt Jackson, Earl Hines, André Previn, World Saxophone Quartet, Ben Webster, Zoot Sims, Kenny Burrell, Lambert, Hendricks and Ross, Martial Solal, Clark Terry and Randy Weston.
Homage from critics
Gunther Schuller wrote, "Ellington composed incessantly to the very last days of his life. Music was indeed his mistress; it was his total life and his commitment to it was incomparable and unalterable. In jazz he was a giant among giants. And in twentieth century music, he may yet one day be recognized as one of the half-dozen greatest masters of our time."Martin Williams said "Duke Ellington lived long enough to hear himself named among our best composers. And since his death in 1974, it has become not at all uncommon to see him named, along with Charles Ives, as the greatest composer we have produced, regardless of category."
In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Duke Ellington on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.
Andre Previn said, "You know, Stan Kenton can stand in front of a thousand fiddles and a thousand brass and make a dramatic gesture and every studio arranger can nod his head and say, ‘‘Oh, yes, that’s done like this.’’ But Duke merely lifts his finger, three horns make a sound, and I don’t know what it is!"
Awards
Grammy Awards
Ellington earned 12 Grammy awards from 1959 to 2000, nine while he was alive. {| class=wikitable |- | colspan=5 align=center | Duke Ellington Grammy Award History |- ! Year ! Category ! Title ! Genre ! Result |- align=center | 1999 | Historical Album | The Duke Ellington Centennial EditionRCA Victor Recordings (1927–1973) | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1979 | Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band | Duke Ellington At Fargo, 1940 Live | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1976 | Best Jazz Performance By A Big Band | ''The Ellington Suites'' | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1972 | Best Jazz Performance By A Big Band | ''Togo Brava Suite'' | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1971 | Best Jazz Performance By A Big Band | ''New Orleans Suite'' | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1968 | Best Instrumental Jazz Performance - Large GroupOr Soloist With Large Group | ''...And His Mother Called Him Bill'' | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1967 | Best Instrumental Jazz Performance, Large GroupOr Soloist With Large Group | ''Far East Suite'' | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1966 | Best Original Jazz Composition | "In The Beginning God" | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1965 | Best Instrumental Jazz Performance -Large Group Or Soloist With Large Group | ''Ellington '66'' | Jazz | Winner |- align=center | 1959 | Best Performance By A Dance Band | ''Anatomy of a Murder'' | Pop | Winner |- align=center | 1959 | Best Musical Composition First RecordedAnd Released In 1959(More Than 5 Minutes Duration) | ''Anatomy of a Murder'' | Composing | Winner |- align=center | 1959 | Best Sound Track Album - Background ScoreFrom A Motion Picture Or Television | ''Anatomy of a Murder'' | Composing | Winner |- align=center |}
Grammy Hall of Fame
Recordings of Duke Ellington were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance."{| class=wikitable |- | colspan=5 align=center | Duke Ellington: Grammy Hall of Fame Award |- ! Year Recorded ! Title ! Genre ! Label ! Year Inducted |- align=center | 1932 | "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" | Jazz (Single) | Brunswick | 2008 |- align=center | 1934 | "Cocktails for Two" | Jazz (Single) | Victor | 2007 |- align=center | 1957 | ''Ellington at Newport'' | Jazz (Album) | Columbia | 2004 |- align=center | 1956 | "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue" | Jazz (Single) | Columbia | 1999 |- align=center | 1967 | ''Far East Suite'' | Jazz (Album) | RCA | 1999 |- align=center | 1944 | ''Black, Brown and Beige'' | Jazz (Single) | RCA Victor | 1990 |- align=center | 1928 | "Black and Tan Fantasy" | Jazz (Single) | Victor | 1981 |- align=center | 1941 | "Take the "A" Train" | Jazz (Single) | Victor | 1976 |- align=center | 1931 | "Mood Indigo" | Jazz (Single) | Brunswick |1975 |- align=center |}
Honors and inductions
{| class=wikitable |- ! Year ! Category ! Notes |- align=center | 2009 | Commemorative U.S. quarter | D.C. and U.S. Territories Quarters Program. |- align=center | 2008 | Gennett Records Walk of Fame |- align=center | 2004 | Nesuhi Ertegün Jazz Hall of Fameat Jazz at Lincoln Center |- align=center | 1999 | Pulitzer Prize | Special Citation |- align=center | 1986 | 22¢ commemorative U.S. stamp | Issued April 29, 1986 |- align=center | 1978 | Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame |- align=center | 1973 | French Legion of Honor | July 6, 1973 |- align=center | 1973 | Honorary Degree in Music from Columbia University | May 16, 1973 |- align=center | 1971 | Honorary Doctorate Degree from Berklee College of Music |- align=center | 1971 | Songwriters Hall of Fame |- align=center | 1969 | Presidential Medal of Freedom |- align=center | 1956 | Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame inductee |- align=center | 1968 | Grammy Trustees Award | Special Merit Award |- align=center | 1966 | Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award |- align=center | 1959 | NAACP Spingarn Medal |}
Notes
Bibliography (further reading)
Reference works (discographies, filmographies, etc.)
External links
Category:1899 births Category:1974 deaths Category:African American musicians Category:American autobiographers Category:American jazz composers Category:American jazz pianists Category:Big band bandleaders Category:Columbia Records artists Category:Decca Records artists Category:Gennett recording artists Category:Red Baron Records artists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Légion d'honneur recipients Category:Musicians from Washington, D.C. Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Category:RCA Victor artists Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:Swing pianists Category:American Episcopalians Category:Cancer deaths in New York Category:Deaths from lung cancer Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (The Bronx) Category:Spingarn Medal winners Category:American pianists Category:Jazz record producers
an:Duke Ellington bs:Duke Ellington bg:Дюк Елингтън ca:Duke Ellington cv:Дюк Эллингтон cs:Duke Ellington da:Duke Ellington de:Duke Ellington et:Duke Ellington el:Ντιούκ Έλινγκτον es:Duke Ellington eo:Duke Ellington eu:Duke Ellington fa:دوک الینگتون fr:Duke Ellington gl:Duke Ellington ko:듀크 엘링턴 hr:Duke Ellington io:Duke Ellington id:Duke Ellington is:Duke Ellington it:Duke Ellington he:דיוק אלינגטון ka:დიუკ ელინგტონი sw:Duke Ellington la:Dux Ellington lv:Djūks Elingtons lb:Duke Ellington lt:Duke Ellington hu:Duke Ellington nl:Duke Ellington ja:デューク・エリントン no:Duke Ellington nn:Duke Ellington oc:Duke Ellington nds:Duke Ellington pl:Duke Ellington pt:Duke Ellington ro:Duke Ellington ru:Эллингтон, Дюк scn:Duke Ellington simple:Duke Ellington sk:Duke Ellington sl:Duke Ellington sh:Duke Ellington fi:Duke Ellington sv:Duke Ellington tl:Duke Ellington th:ดุค เอลลิงตัน tr:Duke Ellington uk:Дюк Еллінгтон zh:艾靈頓公爵This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
This is a list of people whose names in English are commonly appended with the phrase "''the Great''", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as ''e Bozorg'' and ''e azam'' in Persian and Urdu respectively.
Abbas I of Persia (1571-1629), Shah of Iran
Akbar (1542-1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India
Alain I of Albret (1440-1522), French aristocrat
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia
Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia
Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias
Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex
Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire
Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty
Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),
Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire
Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand
Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland
Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736-1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)
Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden
Casimir III the Great (1310-1370), King of Poland
Catherine the Great (1729-1796), Empress of Russian
Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India
Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans
Chulalongkorn (1853-1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)
Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks
Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen
Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman Emperor
Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire
Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire
Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent
Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse
Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile
Frederick the Great (1712-1786), King of Prussia
Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594-1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader
Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea
Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC
Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)
Henry IV of France (1553-1610), King of France and King of Navarre
Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea
Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
Hugh Magnus of France (1007-1025), co-King of France
Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057-1101)
Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat
Ivan III of Russia (1440-1505), Tsar of Russia
John I of Portugal (1358-1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve
John II of Aragon (1398-1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre
Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor
Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i
Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India
Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010-1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia
Kublai Khan (1215-1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty
Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales
Louis I of Hungary (1326-1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland
Mangrai the Great (1238-1317), Lanna, northern Thailand
Emperor Meiji (1852-1912), Emperor of Japan
Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)
Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)
Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom
Mstislav I of Kiev (1076-1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus
Narai (1633-1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)
Naresuan (1555-1605), King of Ayutthaya
Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)
K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque
Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka
Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia
Peter the Great (1672-1725), Tsar of Russia
Peter III of Aragon (1239-1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily
Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar
Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar
Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.
Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014-1044), Tamil King of India
Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082-1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties
Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)
Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev
Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent
Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre
Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire
Sejong the Great (1397-1450), Korean king
Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia
Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire
Stephen III of Moldavia (1433-1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)
Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
Taksin (1734-1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)
Timur (1336-1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty
Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie
Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire
Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor
Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia
Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia
Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire
Valdemar I of Denmark (1131-1182), King of Denmark
Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor
Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus
Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy
William I, Count of Burgundy (1020-1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon
William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou
Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)
Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China
Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East
Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia
Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian
Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt
Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader
Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian
Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)
Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint
Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint
Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)
Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine
Pope John Paul II (1920-2005)
Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)
Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit
Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)
Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople
William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites
Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies
Emmy the Great, folk singer
Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III
Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia
Epithet
List of monarchs by nickname
List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I
James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus
Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater
In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.
The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus) assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "''the Great''".
The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).
Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.
As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.
Rulers
Religious figures
Other
See also
Notes
Category:Monarchs Great, List of people known as The Category:Greatest Nationals Category:Epithets
bs:Spisak osoba znanih kao Veliki id:Daftar tokoh dengan gelar yang Agung jv:Daftar pamimpin ingkang dipun paringi julukan Ingkang Agung la:Magnus lt:Sąrašas:Žmonės, vadinami Didžiaisiais ja:称号に大が付く人物の一覧 ru:Великий (прозвище) sl:Seznam ljudi z vzdevkom Veliki sv:Lista över personer kallade den store th:รายพระนามกษัตริย์ที่ได้รับสมัญญานามมหาราช vi:Đại đếThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Slavko Vorkapić |
|---|---|
| image siz | 200px |
| birth date | March 17, 1894 |
| birth place | Dobrinci, Austria-Hungary |
| death date | October 20, 1976 |
| death place | Mijas, Spain }} |
Early life
Slavko Vorkapić was born on March 17, 1894, in the small village of Dobrinci near Sremska Mitrovica in Syrmia, Vojvodina (at that time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia), later Yugoslavia, now Serbia). His father Petar, the town clerk, insisted that young Slavko should be well-educated. After finishing his primary education, he became a student in a well-known regional high-school in the nearby town of Sremska Mitrovica, where he made his first steps in art and drawing. (Mileva Marić-Einstein, the first wife and work associate of Albert Einstein went to the same high school.) He continued his high-school education in Zemun and later in the famous ''Art School'' in Belgrade. With a scholarship received from ''Matica srpska'', Serbia's highest cultural and scientific institution at the time, Vorkapić went to Budapest, Hungary, where he studied art. At the beginning of World War I he immediately returned to his homeland where, with the country besieged on all sides, he survived the tragic Serbian retreat across Albania in order to reach Allied positions in Greece. From there he sailed to Italy, from where he reached France. He managed to enter ''Art Academy'' in Paris but soon after moved to Montparnasse among other Avant-garde artists. He took part in the 1917 and 1919 collective painter exhibits.
Career in the United States
Film work
Slavko Vorkapić's dream to go to the United States was fulfilled in 1920. For a short time, he lived in New York City. Then, for almost a year, he roamed the country nearly homeless, until his arrival in Hollywood in July 1921. Although he started his film career as a painter and an actor, he became best-known as a special effects expert, film artist, film teacher, director, editor and became one of the most respected filmmakers in the period between the two World Wars. Vorkapić made a great number of documentaries and experimental films.Vorkapić co-directed the experimental short film ''The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra'' (1928) with Robert Florey, and ''Moods of the Sea'' (1941) and ''Forest Murmurs'' (1947) with filmmaker John Hoffman (1904–1980).
He is best known for his montage work (see montage sequence) on Hollywood films such as ''Viva Villa'' (1934), ''David Copperfield'' (1935), ''San Francisco'' (1936), ''The Good Earth'' (1937), and ''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington'' (1939). In October 2005, the DVD collection ''Unseen Cinema: Early American Avant Garde Film 1894-1941'' was released and included a one-minute montage sequence Vorkapich did for the otherwise lost film ''Manhattan Cocktail'' (1928), directed by Dorothy Arzner.
The now-common montage sequence often appeared as notation in Hollywood scripts of the 1930s and 40s as the "vorkapich" because of his mastery of the dynamic visual montage sequence wherein time and space are compressed using a variety of editing techniques and camera moves. Vorkapich used kinetic editing, lap dissolves, tracking shots, creative graphics and optical effects for his stunning montage sequences for such features as ''Meet John Doe'', ''Maytime'', ''Crime without Passion'', ''Manhattan Melodrama'', and ''Firefly''. He created, shot, and edited these kinesthetic montages for features at MGM, RKO, and Paramount.
His protege, Art Clokey, learned kinescope animation techniques under him and went on to create the ''Gumby'' animated series.
He was appointed dean of the USC School of Cinematic Arts of the University of Southern California from 1949-1951.
In 1938 Vorkapich commissioned modern architect Gregory Ain to build a garden house for his Beverly Hills residence. It was a minor landmark in prefabricated architecture. It has since been destroyed.
During the 1950s he was in Yugoslavia and worked as a professor at the Belgrade ''Film and Theatre Academy''. In Yugoslavia in 1955 Vorkapić made his last full-length movie ''Hanka''.
Slavko Vorkapić died of a heart attack in Mijas, Spain, on the estate of his son on October 20, 1976.
Two of his many master drawings, his gift during a visit to Yugoslavia, are kept in the ''Syrmia Museum'' in Sremska Mitrovica. Recent reports say that his descendants are ready to fulfill Vorkapić’s last will and testament to donate the same museum with all of his remaining art drawings.
See also
References
Sources
External links
Category:1894 births Category:1976 deaths Category:American people of Serbian descent Category:University of Southern California faculty Category:American film directors Category:American film editors Category:American cinematographers Category:Serbian film directors
fa:اسلاوکو ورکاپیچ sr:Славко Воркапић sh:Slavko VorkapićThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
9:25
The Great Air Race - England to Melbourne 1934
Bomberguy
The Great Air Race - England to Melbourne 1934
The MacRobertson Trophy Air Race took place October, 1934 as part of the Melbourne Centenary celebrations. The idea of the race was devised by the Lord Mayor of Melbourne, and a prize fund of $75000 was put up by Sir Macpherson Robertson, a...
2:52
Slavko Vorkapich "The Furies" 1934.
smitrof
Slavko Vorkapich "The Furies" 1934.
music: Ludwig von Beethoven score synchronized by Slavko Vorkapich Vorkapich hade complete creative freedom in writing, designing, directing and editing his montage sequences for feature films, his work was often reduced to its bones in the...
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