Coordinates	55°55′″N36°52′″N
Official name	Xalapa-Enríquez
Native name	Xalapa
Nickname	La Ciudad de las Flores()
Settlement type	Municipality and City
Image shield	Escudo de Armas de la ciudad de Xalapa Veracruz.JPG
Pushpin map	Mexico
Pushpin mapsize	300
Coordinates region	MX
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	Mexico
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision name1	Veracruz
Leader title	Municipal President
Leader name	David Velasco Chedraui (PRI)
Leader title1	Syndic
Leader name1	Antonio Ballesteros Grayeb
Established title	Founded
Established date	1772
Area total km2	118.45
Population as of	2009 estimate
Population total	525,147
Population metro	809,206
Timezone dst	-6
Utc offset dst	-5
Website	www.xalapa.gob.mx
Footnotes	}}

Xalapa-Enríquez, commonly Xalapa or Jalapa, is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In the year 2005 census the city reported a population of 387,879 and the municipality of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 413,136. The municipality has an area of 118.45 km². Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz.

''Xalapa'' comes from the Nahuatl roots ''xal-li'' "sand" and ''a-pan'' "water place", which approximately means "spring in the sand." It is classically pronounced in Nahuatl, though the final is often omitted; the sound (like English ''sh'') was written ''x'' in the 16th century, but does not occur in modern Spanish, and its counterpart is the or sound, normally written ''j.'' The spelling ''Xalapa'' (like the word ''México'') reflects the archaic pronunciation. The full name of the city is Xalapa-Enríquez, named in honor of 19th-century Governor Juan de la Luz Enríquez. Its name is pronounced in Spanish and in English. The city's nickname "La ciudad de las flores" (The City of Flowers), was bestowed by Alexander von Humboldt, who visited the town on 10 February 1804. However, the reference is firmly embedded in its earlier colonial history. In folklore, the Spaniards believed that Xalapa was the birthplace and home of the "Florecita", which literally means little flower.

History

The Totonacas were the first people to establish themselves around the "Macuiltepetl"—a "five-peaked" hill, which today is a park. During the 14th century, four cultures settled in the territory today known as Xalapa. Each of them built a small village: Xalitic (in the sand) was founded by the Totonacas; Techacapan (river of waste) was founded by the Chichimecas; in the northeast Tecuanapan (river of the beasts) was founded by the Toltecas and Tlalnecapan was founded by the Teochichimecas.

Eventually around 1313, the four villages grew and joined forming one big village which was given the name Xallapan.Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, fifth Aztec Emperor, invaded the territory during the second half of the 15th century; therefore all the land became part of the Aztec Empire until the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores.

In 1519 Hernán Cortés passed through Xalapa enroute to Tenochtitlan. 1555 saw the final construction of the Franciscan convent which is the second most important event in that time in Nueva España. When the Spanish arrived, Xalapa was barely populated. It rose after the conquest but the opening of the Mexico-Orizaba-Veracruz route reduced the importance of Xalapa as a transport hub, resulting in the population stagnating during the 17th century. However, from 1720 Xalapa became increasingly important, due to trade with numerous retailers of the New Spain arriving to sell products and to buy products arriving from the peninsula. At this time numerous resident Spanish families in the near towns settled in Xalapa, so that by 1760 the population had increased to over 1,000 inhabitants, mestizo and Spanish. The growth of Xalapa in population, culture, commerce and importance, increased dramatically in the 18th century, with the result that, in response to a request from local inhabitants Carlos IV of Spain elevated the status of Xalapa to a town on 18 December 1791.

In 1772, the construction of Xalapa Cathedral began, and on 18 May 1784, José María Alfaro lifted the first air balloon in the Americas, in Xalapa. Due to the abundance of flowers growing in the region, Alexander von Humboldt, who visited the town on the 10 February 1804, christened the town as the “City of the Flowers”.

Since the beginning of the 19th century, Xalapa was the scene of some important historical events, a town which relished in the movement of Mexican independence from the Spanish. Ideas greatly flowed in the town, and Xalapa was represented by many who put forward these ideas to those in Mexico City in government meetings. On 20 May 1821, shortly before completing Mexican Independence on 27 September of the same year, Xalapa was attacked by the forces of Don Antonio López de Santa Anna, who, along with Don Joaquin Log, they forced Spanish captain Juan Horbregoso to submit the town. Nevertheless independence was completed just months later in more amicable circumstances, although the emperor Agustín de Iturbide was not warmly received in Xalapa due to past differences.

On 9 May 1824, by decree of the President of the Republic Don Guadalupe Victoria, the First Legislature of the State of Veracruz was established in Xalapa. That same year, Xalapa was declared state capital, In the 1820s Xalapa and the surrounding area was subject to a revolt when Vicente Guerrero replaced General Anastasio Bustamante. Veracruz was attacked by Isidro Barradas, who was attempting to reconquer parts of Mexico, and over 3,000 were deployed to defend the cities of Veracruz, Cordova and Orizaba for military purposes. Anastacio Bustamante, betraying the confidence given to him, revolted against the legitimate government with a new plan of Xalapa, signed on the 4 December 1829. Nevertheless, the revolt was subdued.

On 29 November 1830 by decree, Xalapa was elevated to the class of city. On 1843, Don Antonio María de Rivera founded the Normal School of Xalapa, which is today a preparatory school.

During the American invasion, in 1847 General Don Antonio López de Santa Anna attempted to defeat the opposing forces at a site near Xalapa in the Battle of Cerro Gordo with an army of more than 12,000 soldiers. Mexican troops suffered many casualties, killing around 1,000 and seriously injuring 3,000 and on 18 April 1847, a bloody defeat resulted in the invaders occupying the city the following day. Patriotism against the invaders prevailed, and Xalapeños such as Ambrosio Alcalde and Antonio García fought bravely in the defense of the city of Veracruz, but were taken prisoner by the enemy. Released, after promising not to again take arms against the North American invaders, they rejoined the fight against them only to be recaptured this time near Teocelo. They were subsequently taken to Xalapa to be sentenced to death and executed on the 24 November 1847. Today these two men are remembered as martyrs for preferring to die than see the enemy take their country. A monument, taking the form of an obelisk marks the event between San Jose Church and Alcalde Market, named after Ambrosio Alcalde. The North Americans were eventually driven out. Xalapa was once again attacked in November 1862 during the French invasion, when they temporarily took control of the state capital.

On 27 November 1867 the corpse of the emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, who had been executed in Querétaro, arrived at Xalapa, being deposited firstly in the neighborhood of San Jose and attended to by the priest José María y Daza, before being transferred to Veracruz the following day and then shipped back to Austria to be buried. In 1885 General Juan de la Luz Enríquez, increased the power of Xalapa by moving some legislative authority from Orizaba to Xalapa, in accordance with the decree issued in June 1884 by the provisional Governor Jose Manuel Jauregui. General Enríquez, in coordination with the Swiss teacher Enrique C. Rébsamen, then founded the Normal School in Xalapa, the first school of this type in the entire country in 1886. thumb|right|250px|Governor Juan de la Luz Enríquez (1836-1892) for whom the city is named.Enríquez died in 1892, but the construction of the building of the Preparatory School and the later inauguration of other schools during the 1890s gave cultural reputation to Xalapa, and led to it becoming known as the “Athens of Veracruz”.

During the regime of Enríquez, the building of the old convent of San Francisco was demolished and replaced with the Parque Juárez. In June 1890 the first locomotive for the Xalapa-Coatepec-Teocelo railroad arrived in the city. The interoceanic railroad was completed in Veracruz in 1901. The public lighting system was introduced in 1904 and in 1906 a clock was installed in the centre of the city on Enríquez Street on premises which presently houses the agency of the National Lottery.

On 18 May 1911, Francisco I. Madero visited Xalapa and on June 21 of the same year a minor conflict occurred between federal forces and revolutionaries.

On 3 January 1920, a strong earthquake affected the city, destroying several buildings. Years later in December 1923, Xalapa fell into the power of the huertístas, commanded by Guadalupe Sánchez.

In 1940 the water building and agricultural house were constructed, which today is occupied by the Agrarian League of Communities and Union Farmers of the State. On 11 September 1944 the Universidad de Veracruzana was established, and Dr. Manuel Suárez became the first director. On 4 September 1978 by means of decree number 325, the Local Legislature approved that the official name of the city Xalapa Enríquez should have to be written with a “X” rather than a "J".

Xalapa is a thriving center for commerce and many multinational companies have branches in the city. These include Wal-Mart, Superama, Sam's Club, The Home Depot, Liverpool, Sears, Costco, Sanborns, Comercial Mexicana, C&A;, Fabricas de Francia, Coppel, Garcia, Milano, Burger King, McDonald's, Domino's pizza, Pizza Hut, Subway, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Office Depot, Office Max, Oxxo, Block Buster, Hugo Boss, Pull and Bear, and Carl's Jr., etc.

Xalapa also has a number of cinemas, some of them of substantial size like the Cinepolis Museum (10 screens), Cinepolis the Americas (16 screens), and other cinemas such as Cinepolis Crystal. There are several malls in Xalapa: Plaza Crystal, Plaza Museo, Plaza Animas (L.A. Fashion), Plaza Américas, Plaza los Arcos (to open in 2010).

Many people in Xalapa are employed by the government, since it is the state capital. Xalapa is also the head one of the five regional sections of the Tribunal Electoral (a level below the Supreme Court). This area encompasses 7 states: Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatán. The other regional seats are Mexico City, Toluca, Monterrey and Guadalajara.

Culture

Xalapa is known as the "Athens of Veracruz" because of the strong cultural influence of its major university, Universidad Veracruzana (the main public university in the State of Veracruz), which is largely a reason why General Enriquez, whose policies did much to enchance the educational system in Xalapa, is so honored in the city.

Culturally, a wide variety of events and venues are present in Xalapa like its theatres, museums, and street art. Many musicians and dancers frequently perform in the center in the nights, especially on special occasions and events of celebration or commemoration, notably the fandango.

Art has a keen following in Xalapa, and notably the gallery of ''Pinacoteca Diego Rivera''. located near the City Hall and Parque Juárez in the downtown area of the city, has the widest collection of Diego Rivera's paintings in all of Mexico.

Holidays

Feast day of San José, Feast of Santiago Apostle, Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Jesus, Conception of Maria, and Expo-Fair International are all celebrated in the city. An important religious holiday is on the 8th of December, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception,celebrating Mary the Mother of God patroness of the city. On 24 October San Rafael Guizar and Valencia are celebrated, with thousands of people from all over Mexico visiting their tomb that is in a chapel within the cathedral. The cathedral remains open all night and day during this event.

Cuisine

Xalapa is the home place of the famous Jalapeño peppers,. as well as products made with maize: gorditas, tostadas, pasties, enfrijoladas, and chicken are common foods. The desserts that are consumed in the region are typically sweet such as cake and coconut candies.

Music

Xalapa is home to numerous classical music orchestras and bands. The Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa is the most prominent, formed on August 21, 1929. Other orchestras include the Orquesta municipal de Xalapa, Banda Sinfónica del Estado, Orquesta de Música Popular de la UV, Orquesta de salsa de la UV, Orquesta de Guitarras de Xalapa, Tlen Huicani and Orquesta Sinfónica Juvenil del Estado, which is the youth symphony orchestra for Veracruz state.

Notable city landmarks

The Xalapa Cathedral is a mix of Baroque and Neogothic design built in 1773. It has a clock tower, the clock coming from England.

Callejón Diamante (lit. Diamond Alley) is one of the more crowded streets at night because of its Bohemian atmosphere with cafes and an artists' colony. Callejón Jesús te Ampare is a cobblestone street next to the Church of San José .

Patio Muñoz is a neighborhood built in the 19th century, with most of the original buildings intact. Here are held workshops in Veracruz-style painting, dance and music.

Parque Juárez is a park in central Xalapa with a terrace-like appearance. The southern side of the park looks over the valley below, offering scenic views of the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains in the distance. Parque Juárez was the location of the Monastery of San Francisco. It is located among the four oldest neighborhoods of the city. Its central garden features enormous monkey puzzle trees, art gallerys, an agora, workshops, an auditorium and a café.

The Jardín de Esculturas (Sculpture Garden) is a museum dedicated to sculpture, exhibiting works by nationally and internationally-recognized artists.

The Museo Interactivo de Xalapa (Interactive Museum of Xalapa) features a planetarium with an IMAX screen, showing educational documentaries.

In the Paseo de los Lagos, there used to be an ancient dam. Today it has footpaths surrounded by leafy trees, circling three lakes and a fresh-water spring.

The Parque de los Tecajetes is in a natural depression or ravine of the same name in the center of the city. Underneath is a fresh-water spring that feeds the aqueducts, artificial pools and canals of the park.

The Museo de Antropología de Xalapa houses the largest collection of artifacts from Mexican Gulf Coast cultures such as the Olmec, the Huastec and the Totonac with more than 25,000 pieces. The most notable pieces in the museum are the giant Olmec heads and the smaller Totonac ones. Some of the pieces in the museum date back to the Early Pre-Classic Period from 1300 BC -900 BC. Nearby is the Hacienda del Lencero Its first owner was Juan Lencero, a soldier of Hernán Cortés. In 1842 it was purchased by Antonio López de Santa Anna for 45,000 pesos. Today, it is a museum which displays furniture and personal belongings dating from the 19th century. It also has a chapel, spacious gardens and a lake surrounding the property which include a sculpture by Gabriela Mistral who spent time there while in exile. The Jardín Botánico Clavijero (Clavijero Botanical Garden) has an important collection of regional plants with sections dedicated to Mexican ornamental flowers, reconstructed mountain environments in Xalapa, ferns and the most extensive variety of pines in Mexico.

Parks and gardens

Jardín Botánico de Xalapa

Parque Juárez

Parque Los Berros

Parque Ecológico "Cerro del Macuiltépec"

Paseo de Los Lagos

Parque Ecológico "El Haya"

Parque "Natura"

Jardines de la Universidad Veracruzana

Parque "Tejar Garnica"

Jardín de las Esculturas

Parque Ecológico de Los Tecajetes

Parque María Enriqueta

Parque Revolución

Parque Bicentenario

Stadium Xalapeño

Museums

* Museo de Antropología de Xalapa

Museo Casa de Xalapa

* Museo Interactivo de Xalapa

Museo del Transporte. Carr.

* Hacienda del Lencero

Museo del Bombero.

Museo de la fauna.

Galleries

Casa de las Artesanías

Galería "Ramón Alba de la Canal"

Agora de la Ciudad

* Pinacoteca Diego Rivera

Galería de Arte Contemporáneo

Galería del Centro Recreativo Xalapeño

Galeria Marie Louise Ferrari

* Jardín de Esculturas

Theatres and auditoriums

Teatro del Estado

Sala de Conciertos de la Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa (to open in 2010)

Teatro J. J. Herrera

Teatro La Caja

Auditorio de la Escuela

Education

In Xalapa, the basic education is distributed by 195 establishments of pre-school, 196 primary schools and 97 secondary schools. In addition it has 86 institutions which offer baccalaureate, as well as a technical and professional training center (CONALEP). In addition it has several institutions of further education. Of the most important is the Universidad Veracruzana which is also the most important in the state of Veracruz and attracts students not only from across Mexico but worldwide. Established in 1944, the current director of the university is Dr. Patricia Arceo Briseño, a graduate of the University of Delaware ^{[''citation needed'']}. Furthermore, it is associated with the North American Mobility Project, a transnational academic program that links it to Georgia Southern University in the United States and Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada. High Schools ESTI 128 ESTI 97

Universities

Universidad Anáhuac

Universidad Atenas Veracruzana

Universidad de América Latina

Benemérita Escuela Normal Veracruzana "Enrique C. Rébsamen"

Universidad Cálmecac

Instituto Culinario de Xalapa

Centro de Estudios Superiores Hispano-Anglo-Francés

Universidad CLAES

El Colegio de Veracruz

Escuela Libre de Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública de Ote.

Escuela de Diseño de Modas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Universidad Eurohispanoamericana

Universidad Gestalt

Universidad del Golfo de México, Campus Xalapa

Universidad Hernán Cortés

Instituto de Estudios Superiores Morelos

Universidad Metropolitana Xalapa

Instituto Superior de Música del Estado de Veracruz

Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa

Tecnológico de Xalapa

Universidad Paccioli Xalapa

Universidad Pedagógica Veracruzana

Universidad Valladolid

Universidad Veracruzana

Universidad de Xalapa

Sport

Xalapa is home to the Halcones UV Xalapa, a very successful professional basketball team. They play in the LNBP

The team was created in 2003 and placed 3rd in the LNBP

In 2004 they were champions of the south division, and got second overall in the LNBP

In 2005 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP

In 2006 they were champions of the south division, and got second in the LNBP. They also placed second in the Copa Independencia LNBP

In 2007 - 2008 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP

In 2008 - 2009 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP. They also placed second in the FIBA de las Americas.

Xalapa also has many sporting facilities. As of 2005, the city has 25 soccer fields, 95 volleyball fields, 95 basketball courts, 36 baseball fields, and 29 multiple-use fields.

Also, the city has 12 gymnasiums, 7 parks, and the notable Heriberto Jara Corona Stadium, inaugurated 1921-1925.

Sportspeople of note hailing from Xalapa include Armando Fernández (an Olympic wrestler), Eulalio Ríos Alemán (an Olympic swimmer and at some time butterfly-stroke record holder in the USA, indicted into the Ft. Lauderdale's International Swimming Hall of Fame), and the athlete Luis Hernández

Transportation

The city has a central bus station (CAXA) which is a nodal point for many bus companies operating in the area, including AU, ADO, ADO-GL, OCC, Auto-Tour and Buses Sierra-Texcoco. Various autobus companies are based in Xalapa including Servicio Urbano de Xalapa (SUX); Auto-Transportes Banderilla (ATB); the yellow and green sets of Interbus, Auto-Transportes Miradores Del Mar; and Transportes Rápidos de Veracruz (TRV) amongst many others.

There is also a bus service which exclusively takes passengers back and forth from Xalapa to Coatepec. These buses operate all over the city, with a cost per person ranging from 6.00 to 8.00 Mexican pesos; discount is offered to the elderly and to students who normally pay 4.00 Mexican pesos within the urban area. There are over 100 bus routes in the city.

The taxis that operate in Xalapa are easily recognisable by their white and red paintwork. The most abundant taxis are of the Nissan Tsuru model. Typically, taxi drivers do not charge based on taximeter.

The city of Xalapa is served by a small airport, El Lencero Airport, located 15 minutes by road from the city. The only commercial airline that serves the city is Aeromar with non-stop flights to and from Mexico City.

Healthcare

The demand for medical services by the population of the municipality, is taken care of by publicly and privately owned institutions. The medical units in Xalapa provide external advisory services, general and specialized hospitalization that are equipped with laboratories for clinical medical analyses including X-rays, obstetrical, gynaecological and paediatric equipment.

The public institutions of the health sector that provide services are:

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social IMSS,

Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado ISSSTE,

Centro de Especialidades Médicas CEM,

Petróleos Mexicanos PEMEX,

Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional SDN

Secretaría de Salud y Asistencia SSA,

Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial de Veracruz CREEVER,

Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia DIF.

In the private sector the municipality counts on important medical establishments such as :

Sanatorio San Francisco,

Clínica del American Hospital,

Clínica de especialidades Las Palmas,

Vital Clínica Hospital,

Cruz Roja Mexicana,

Centro Médico de Xalapa,

Clínica Millenium

Hospital Ángeles which is considered the most modern chain of hospitals in Mexico (to open in fall 2009).

Media

Newspaper

Notable newspapers produced or circulated in Xalapa include www.Xalapa.MX ''Diario de Xalapa'', ''Diario AZ'', ''Diario el Portal de Xalapa'', ''Diario la Opinión'', ''Periodico Marcha'', ''Periodico Al Calor Politico'', ''Periodico Agronomica'', ''Milenio'' and the ''Lider''.

Radio

The city is served by numerous radio stations including:

FM:

90.5 Radio de la Universidad Veracruzana

91.7 Satélite (Grupo Acir)

95.5 Sensación FM (Oliva Radio)

96.9 Digital (AvanRadio)

97.7 La Máquina (AvanRadio)

98.5 Los 40 Principales (AvanRadio, Televisa)

107.7 Radio Más (Radio-Televisión de Veracruz)

AM:

550 La Romántica (AvanRadio)

610 Conexión (AvanRadio)

1040 Radio Favorita (AvanRadio)

1130 Capital 1130 AM(Grupo Radio Capital)

1210 Centro (Oliva Radio)

1460 ABC Xalapa Radio (Grupo ABC)

1550 Radio Universidad Veracruzana

Television

Television channels include:

XHGV-TV channel 4 - RTV

XHAJ-TV channel 5 - Televisa Regional

XHAH-TV channel 7 - Canal de las Estrellas

XHAI-TV channel 9 - Canal 5

XHCPE-TV channel 11 - Azteca 7

XHIC-TV channel 13 - Azteca 13

XHCLV-TV channel 22 - Galavisión

Cable services include:

Megacable (Cable TV)

Super Cable (Cable TV)

UltraVisión (Cable TV)

Sky (Satellite TV)

Dish Network (Satellite TV)

Notable people from Xalapa

Politicians

Francisco Xavier Echeverría

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada

Antonio López de Santa Anna

José Joaquín de Herrera

Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos

Marco Antonio Muñoz Turnbull

Writers

Sergio Armin Vásquez Muñoz

Carlos Manuel Cruz Meza

Jorge Lobillo

José María Roa Bárcena

Juan Díaz Covarrubias

Julio Zarate

Francisco Morosini

Alicia Bazarte Martínez

Educators

Enrique C. Rébsamen

Sinforosa Amador (1788–1841)

Soledad Ramos Enríquez

Guillermo Fernández de la Garza

Athletes

Barbara Bonola - Triatlón

Martha Ángelica Blanco - Lanzamiento de Jabalina

Silvia García Ramírez - Judo

Marcela García Ramírez - Judo

Armando Fernández - Lucha

Alejandro Fernández Ávila - Fosa olímpica

Luis Hernández - Atletismo, 10 mil metros

Eulalio Ríos Alemán - Natación

Artists

Gabriel Orozco

Benefactors

William K. Boone

The municipality

Xalapa is situated in eastern-central Mexico, approximately 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Veracruz city. and roughly 350 kilometres from Mexico City. The municipality of Xalapa has an area of 118.45 square kilometres which comprises 0.16% of Veracruz state. It borders to the north with Banderilla, Jilotepec and Naolinco, to the east with Actopan and Zapata, to the south with Coatepec and the west with Tlalnelhuacoyan.

The city of Xalapa is located beneath the volcanic peaks of the Sierra Madre Oriental, at an elevation that oscillates from 1400 metres to 1700 metres above sea level, and is surrounded in lush tropical vegetation. This mountainous area of Mexico is volcanic, and in the area surrounding the city are places such as the Naolinco volcanic field. Located north of the city, it consists of a broad area of scattered quaternary pyroclastic cones and associated basaltic lava flows. Situated east, about 50 km (31 miles) away along Mexican Federal Highway 140 is the Cofre de Perote National Park. The park covers an area of 117 km² (28,899 acres), and consists of mainly forested mountains and hills. Its highest point of Cerro de Macuiltépetl rises 1522 metres above sea level. Other hills of prominence include the Cerro de Acalotépetl and the Cerro Colorado.

From Xalapa you can also see the Pico de Orizaba, the highest peak in Mexico (5,366m or 18,490 feet). It is also the third highest peak in North America.

Hydrographically, there are numerous streams and springs which are in the area around the city. These include the rivers: Sedeño River, Carneros River, Sordo River, Santiago River, Zapotillo River, Castillo River and the Coapexpan River, 3 artificial lakes and the springs Chiltoyac, Ánimas, Xalitic, Techacapanand Tlalmecapan. Jalcomulco is located 39 km (24 mi) southeast of Xalapa which has numerous natural features, such as the mouth of the Pescados River. Cascada de Texolo (Texolo Waterfall) is located 19 km (12 mi) southwest of Xalapa, in the town of Xico. It is an 80 meter (264 ft) waterfall that drops into a lush canyon, home to numerous animal species.

Climate

Xalapa features a humid subtropical climate that borders on a subtropical highland climate under the Koppen climate classification. The climate in Xalapa is semi-humid, but the city is relatively cool being located in the mountains over 1400 metres above sea level. The climate can be variable, having a maximum temperature of 37.3°C and a minimum ranging from 0°C to 10 °C, but on average the temperature does not fluctuate greatly all year round with an average annual temperature of 18°C. The warmer season in Xalapa tends to fall between March and reaching a peak in May when the average high reaches 28 °C and low of 17°C. The cooler season is late December, January and February with an average low of 11°C and an average high of 22°C.

The average annual precipitation is 1509.1 mm. During the cooler winter months rainfall is at a minimum, with Xalapa receiving only 42 millimetes in January and 38 millimetres in February on average. Snow however is common in winter outside the city at Perote and Ver, the former located around 35 minutes from Xalapa. Very early morning in Xalapa often has a mist, giving it a characteristic mountain atmosphere. The greatest rainfall occurs during the summer months particularly in June when on average rainfall reaches 328 millimetres and remaining relatively high until mid September.

Economy

Xalapa is often called the “Flower Garden of Mexico” and flowers play an important role in the economy. Xalapa is one of the most important places for Coffee production in Mexico due to its ideal climate, and coffee beans are grown on both smallholdings and large estates in the surrounding mountains. The tobacco industry also forms a part of the local economy with the process of producing cigarettes, and the growing of tropical fruits. Processed foods and beverages are also produced in Xalapa.

The municipality has a total surface of 5,261,400 hectares, of which 3,457,363 hectares are seeded for agricultural production. The main agricultural products in the municipality of Xalapa are maize, sugar cane, orange green chili and coffee. Approximately an area of 4,500 hectares is dedicated to cattle ranching, including the rearing of pigs, horses and goat. Bird-raising and avicultural farms have certain importance in Xalapa. Warehouses and factories for making of footwear, clothes, books are also present in Xalapa. In the municipality as of 2005 it had 75 hotels, 223 restaurants and 25 travel agencies.

The supermarket chain Chedraui is based in Xalapa. Employment structure in Xalapa in 2005:

Industry sector !! Typical professions !! % of population
Primary sector of the economy	Primary Industry	Farming, cattle ranching, hunting and fishing	4.21
Secondary sector of the economy	Secondary Industry	Petroleum Mining, extraction and natural gas, manufacturing, industry, electricity, water and construction
Tertiary sector of the economy	Tertiary Industry	Commerce, transport and communications, financial, social and Administration (business)>administrative services
Unspecified	-

Sister cities

Covina, United States La Antigua, Guatemala Matamoros, Mexico Omaha, United States Palma de Mallorca, Spain Puebla, Mexico Torreón, Mexico Veracruz, Mexico

Books published about Xalapa

''Una excursión a Jalapa en 1875'' por Guillermo Prieto

''El Libro Azul del Estado de Veracruz (1923). México, el País del Porvenir'' (bilingüe, español e inglés). México, Compañía Editorial Pan-Americana, S. A. Edición facsimilar de la Editora del Gobierno, 2007; reimpresión 2008.

''Arquilla Abierta'' (ca.1980) por Ana Güido de Icaza

''Xalapa de mis recuerdos'' (1986) por Aureliano Hernández Palacios

''Bocetos Antiguos de Xalapa'' (1991) por Rubén Pabello Acosta

''Trazos de una vida, bosquejos de una Ciudad. El pintor Carlos Rivera y Xalapa'' (2009) por Alicia Bazarte Martínez. México, Instituto Politécnico Nacional / Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, 2009.

References

Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

External links

Ayuntamiento de Xalapa Official website VisitXalapa–Nonprofit Photo Blog VisitXalapa–Newest city guide web site for visitors XalapaTips Free maps and information about the city La Universidad Veracruzana Xalapamio.Com Hoteles, raffting, mapas y rutas de Xalapa y Veracruz

A culinary travel guide to Xalapa

An insight into Xalapa cuisine

Xalapa Category:Populated places in Veracruz Category:Mexican state capitals Category:Aztec sites Category:Totonac Category:Populated places established in 1313

zh-min-nan:Xalapa-Enríquez bg:Халапа (Веракрус) ca:Xalapa de Enríquez da:Xalapa de:Xalapa es:Xalapa-Enríquez eo:Xalapa (Komunumo en Veracruz) eu:Xalapa fr:Xalapa ko:할라파 (베라크루스 주) it:Xalapa ka:ხალაპა sw:Xalapa mrj:Халапа-Энрикес lt:Chalapa nah:Xālāpan Enríquez nl:Xalapa ja:ハラパ no:Xalapa pl:Jalapa Enriques pt:Xalapa ru:Халапа-Энрикес fi:Xalapa sv:Xalapa tl:Xalapa ta:அலாப்பா war:Xalapa

Coordinates	55°55′″N36°52′″N
name	Darine Hadchiti
background	solo_singer
born	April 17, 1981Hadchit, Lebanon
instrument	Vocals
genre	Arabic pop music
occupation	Musician, songwriter
years active	2001 -
website	Darine Hadchiti.com
notable instruments	}}

Darine Hadchiti (}}) (born 17 April 1981) is a Lebanese singer. She started her career in 2005. Within one year, she was able to attain a released her first single, "Eddam El Kel", the title song to her debut album, ''Eddam El Kel''. She is now known as a rising young Arab singer in the Arab world due to her popular songs and vocals, charisma, and arguably provocative videos.

Career

Hadchiti was born in Hadchit, Lebanon and began singing when she was 13. She won the 2001-2002 studio El Fann bronze medal for her voice. She began her singing career upon signing with the Lea Production Team, managed by George Anastasiades, the owner of the Anastasia Group. Darine Hadchiti, after the launch of her second album ''Irtahlak Albi'', now participates in numerous concerts and festivals all over the world.

Darine Hadchiti was nominated for the best female artist in the Arab world, the best video and the best single. She won the best video award for ''Irtahlak Albi'', a clip filmed in Australia with an acclaimed Australian director.

Discography

Albums

''Eddam El Kel'' (2005).

''Irtahlak Albi'' (2006).

''Kel El Ossa'' (2008).

Singles/music videos

"Kbar Shway"

"Eddam El Kel"

"Baadak Bi Kel El Matareh"

"Am Tethalli"

"Irtahlak Alb"

"Ba3ed Kelmah"

"Rassi Alla Rassak"

"Kel El Ossa"

"Hobbak Ghali Alayya"

"It2ab 3alay"

"Nehna Bel Batroun"

References

Ahla Shabab

External links

Darine Hadchiti.com

Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Lebanese female singers Category:Arab people

ar:دارين حدشيتي