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1924
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Abdul Mejid II
http://wn.com/Abdul_Mejid_II -
Abioseh Nicol
Abioseh Davidson Nicol (14 September 1924 – 20 September 1994) was a Sierra Leonean academic, diplomat, physician, writer and poet. He has been considered as one of Sierra Leone’s most educated citizens of recent times, as he was able to secure degrees on the art, science and commercial disciplines.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945.
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Ahmadou Ahidjo
Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo (24 August 1924 – 30 November 1989) was the first President of Cameroon from 1960 until 1982.
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Al Balding
Allan George Balding (April 29, 1924 – July 30, 2006) was a Canadian professional golfer best known for being the first Canadian to win on the PGA Tour.
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Al Rosen
Albert Leonard Rosen (born February 29, 1924), nicknamed "Al", "Flip", and the "Hebrew Hammer", is a former American major league third baseman and right-handed slugger. He played his entire 10-year career (–) with the Cleveland Indians in the American League, where he drove in 100 or more runs 5 years in a row, was a 4-time All-Star, twice led the league in home runs and twice in RBIs, and was an MVP. Rosen was extremely muscular, and had tremendous power and excellent bat control.
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Ali Fethi Okyar
Ali Fethi Okyar (29 April 1880, Prilep – 7 May 1943) was a Turkish diplomat and politician who also served as a military officer during the last decade of the Ottoman Empire. He was the second Prime Minister of Turkey (1924-25) and the second Speaker of the Turkish Parliament after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He was born in the town of Prilep, today Republic of Macedonia.
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Allan McLeod Cormack
Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was a South African-born American physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (along with Godfrey Hounsfield) for his work on x-ray computed tomography (CT).
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Alphons Egli
Alphons Egli (born October 8, 1924) is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1983-1986).
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Anatole France
Anatole France (16 April 1844—12 October 1924), born François-Anatole Thibault, was a French poet, journalist, and novelist. He was born in Paris, and died in Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire. He was a successful novelist, with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie française, and won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
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André Breton
André Breton (; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the principal founder of Surrealism. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto (Manifeste du surréalisme) of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure psychic automatism".
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Anita Linda
Anita Linda (born Alice Lake; November 23, 1924) is a two-time FAMAS award-winning and Gawad Urian award-winning Filipino film actress. A romantic lead in her youth, she later gained critical acclaim for her portrayals in maternal or elderly roles. At the age of 74, she became the oldest actress to ever win a FAMAS award, when she was named Best Supporting Actress for Ang Babae sa Bubungang Lata. In 2008, at age 83, she was named Best Actress in the 10th Cinemanila International Film Festival (Southeast Asia Film Competition) for her portrayal of the titular character in Adela.
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Anita Snellman
Anita Snellman (September 4, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was a Finnish painter. She studied in Helsinki, Stockholm, and Paris.
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Anne Braden
Anne McCarty Braden (July 28, 1924 – March 6, 2006) was an American advocate of racial equality. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, and raised in rigidly segregated Anniston, Alabama, Braden grew up in a white middle-class family that accepted southern racial morals wholeheartedly. A devout Episcopalian, Braden was bothered by racial segregation, but never questioned it until her college years at Randolph-Macon Woman’s College in Virginia. After working on newspapers in Anniston and Birmingham, Alabama, she returned to Kentucky as a young adult to write for the Louisville Times. There, she met and in 1948 married fellow newspaperman Carl Braden, a left-wing trade unionist. She became a supporter of the civil rights movement at a time when it was unpopular among southern whites.
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Annette Strauss
Annette Strauss (January 26, 1924 – December 14, 1998) was a philanthropist and a former mayor of Dallas. The Annette Strauss Artist Square in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas is named in honor of her. She was the second female mayor and the second Jewish mayor of Dallas (Adlene Harrison was first; Laura Miller was the third).
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Antony Hewish
Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, 11 May 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. (Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Hewish's graduate student, was not recognized, although she was the first to notice the stellar radio source that was later recognised as a pulsar.) He was also awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1969.
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Archibald Geikie
Sir Archibald Geikie, OM, KCB, PRS, FRSE (28 December 1835 - 10 November 1924), was a Scottish geologist and writer.
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Atal Behari Vajpayee
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Audie Murphy
Audie Leon Murphy (June 20, 1925 – May 28, 1971) was the most decorated American soldier of World War II and a celebrated movie star for over two decades in the post-war era, appearing in 44 films. He also found some success as a country music composer.
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Benny Hill
Benny Hill (21 January 1924 – 20 April 1992) was an English actor and comedian, notable for his long-running television programme The Benny Hill Show.
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Benoît Mandelbrot
Benoît B. Mandelbrot (born 20 November 1924) is a French and American mathematician, best known as the father of fractal geometry. He is Sterling Professor of Mathematical Sciences, Emeritus at Yale University; IBM Fellow Emeritus at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center; and Battelle Fellow at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Mandelbrot was born in Poland. His family moved to France when he was a child, and he was educated in France. He is a dual French and American citizen. Mandelbrot now lives and works in the United States.
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Bent Fabric
Bent Fabricius-Bjerre (born December 7, 1924 in Frederiksberg, Denmark), better known internationally as Bent Fabric, is a Danish pianist and composer.
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Bernard Waber
Bernard Waber (born September 27, 1924) is an American children's author most famous for the books The House on East 88th Street (1962), Lyle, Lyle Crocodile (1965) and the subsequent books in the Lyle series.
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Bess Truman
Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman (February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982), widely known as Bess Truman, was the wife of Harry S. Truman and First Lady of the United States from 1945 to 1953.
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Betty Tucker
Elizabeth Tucker [Betty] (born January 28, 1924) is a former female pitcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 4", 123 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.
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Bob Appleyard
Bob Appleyard (Robert Appleyard; born 27 June 1924, Wibsey, Bradford, Yorkshire, England) is a former England and Yorkshire cricketer.
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Bob Kurland
Robert Albert "Bob" Kurland (born December 23, 1924 in St. Louis, Missouri) was a 7-foot basketball center, who played for Henry Iba's Oklahoma A & M Aggies (now Oklahoma State Cowboys) basketball team. He was an integral part of the team's consecutive NCAA titles in 1945 and 1946.
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Brendan Byrne
Brendan Thomas Byrne (born April 1, 1924) is an American Democratic Party politician from New Jersey, who served as the 47th Governor of New Jersey, from 1974 to 1982.
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Brett Somers
Brett Somers (July 11, 1924 – September 15, 2007) was a Canadian-born American actress, singer, and comedienne. She was best known as a panelist on the 1970s game show, Match Game and for her recurring role as Blanche Madison opposite her real life husband Jack Klugman on The Odd Couple.
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Brian Bevan
Brian Eyrl Bevan (born 24 June 1924 in Bondi, New South Wales, Australia and died 3 June 1991 in Southport, Merseyside, England) was a legendary rugby league winger who scored a world record 796 tries for Warrington RLFC. He is the only player ever to have been inducted into both the Australian and British rugby league Halls of Fame.
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Buddy Hackett
Buddy Hackett (August 31, 1924 – June 30, 2003) was an American comedian and actor. In his later life, he and his wife set up the Singita Animal Sanctuary in the San Fernando Valley, California.
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Calvin Coolidge
John Calvin Coolidge, Jr., (July 4, 1872 January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. His actions during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight. Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative.
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Calvin Coolidge, Jr.
Calvin Coolidge Jr. (April 13, 1908- July 7, 1924) was the son of President Calvin Coolidge
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Carl Spitteler
Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler (24 April 1845 — 29 December 1924) was a Swiss poet who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1919. His work includes both pessimistic and heroical poems.
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Carroll O'Connor
'''John Carroll O'Connor (August 2, 1924 – June 21, 2001) best known as Carroll O'Connor', was an American actor, producer and director whose television career spanned four decades. Known at first for playing the role of Major General Colt in the 1970 cult movie, Kelly's Heroes, he later found fame as the bigoted workingman Archie Bunker, the main character in the 1970s CBS television sitcoms All in the Family (1971 to 1979) and Archie Bunker's Place'' (1979 to 1983). O'Connor later starred in the NBC television crime drama In the Heat of the Night
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Charles Aznavour
Charles Aznavour OC, (born Shahnour Vaghenag Aznavourian, May 22, 1924, Paris) is a French-Armenian singer, songwriter, actor, public activist and diplomat. Besides being one of France's most popular and enduring singers, he is also one of the best-known singers in the world. Aznavour is known for his characteristic short figure and unique tenor voice; clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. He has appeared in more than 60 movies, composed about 1,000 songs (including 150 at least in English, 100 in Italian, 70 in Spanish, and 50 in German), and has sold well over 100 million records.
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Charles Keeping
Charles William James Keeping (22 September 1924 - 16 May 1988) was a British illustrator, children's book author and lithographer. He first came to prominence with his illustrations for Rosemary Sutcliff's historical novels for children, and he created more than twenty picture books. He won the Kate Greenaway Medal for outstanding work in children's illustration twice: for Charley, Charlotte and the Golden Canary in 1967, and for an illustrated edition of Alfred Noyes's poem The Highwayman in 1981. He illustrated The God Beneath the Sea, by Leon Garfield and Edward Blishen, which won the Carnegie Medal for children's literature in 1970. He also illustrated the complete works of Charles Dickens for the Folio Society.
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Charlie Tully
Charles Patrick "Charlie" Tully (11 July 1924 - 27 July 1971) was a famous footballer of Celtic Football Club.
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Chet Atkins
Chester Burton Atkins (June 20, 1924 – June 30, 2001), better known as Chet Atkins, was an American guitarist and record producer who created, along with Owen Bradley, the smoother country music style known as the Nashville sound, which expanded country's appeal to adult pop music fans as well.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Christine Glanville
Christine Glanville (24 October 1924 – 28 February 1999) was a British professional puppeteer and spent most of her working life on television programs produced by Gerry Anderson.
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Clement Freud
Sir Clement Raphael Freud (24 April 1924 – 15 April 2009) was an English broadcaster, writer, politician and chef.
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Consuelo Velázquez
Consuelo Velázquez (August 21, 1916–January 22, 2005) (popularly also known as Consuelito Velázquez) was a Mexican concert pianist, songwriter and recording artist.
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Daniel Inouye
Daniel Ken "Dan" Inouye (;, Inoue Ken; born September 7, 1924) is an American politician who is the senior United States Senator from Hawaii and the President pro tempore of the United States Senate making him the highest-ranking Asian American politician in American history. A Democrat, Inouye is the chairman of the influential United States Senate Committee on Appropriations.
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Dawda Jawara
Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, GCMG (born May 16, 1924) was the first leader of The Gambia, serving first as Prime Minister from 1962 to 1970 and then as President from 1970 to 1994.
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Deke Slayton
Donald Kent “Deke” Slayton (March 1, 1924 – June 13, 1993) was one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts. After initially being grounded by a heart murmur, he served as NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, making him responsible for crew assignments at NASA from November 1963 until March 1972. At that time he was granted medical clearance to fly as the docking module pilot of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. At the age of 51, he became the oldest person to fly into space. This record was surpassed decades later by his NASA classmate John Glenn, at the age of 77, on STS-95.
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Dennis Brutus
Dennis Vincent Brutus (28 November 1924 – 26 December 2009) was a South African activist, educator, journalist and poet best known for his campaign to have apartheid South Africa banned from the Olympic Games.
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Dennis Weaver
William Dennis Weaver (June 4, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was an American actor, best known for his work in television, including roles on Gunsmoke, as Marshal Sam McCloud on the NBC police drama McCloud, and the 1971 TV movie Duel.
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Derek Shackleton
Derek Shackleton (August 12, 1924 – 28 September 2007) was a Hampshire and England bowler. He took over 100 wickets in 20 consecutive seasons of first-class cricket, but only played in 7 Tests for England. As of 2007, he has the seventh-highest tally of first-class wickets, and the most first-class wickets of any player who began his career after the Second World War. He holds the record for the most first-class wickets taken by any Hampshire player.
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Dixie Dean
William Ralph Dean (22 January 1907 – 1 March 1980), better known as Dixie Dean, was an English football player. Dean originally started his career with Birkenhead based Tranmere Rovers before moving on to professional team Everton, the club he had supported as a child, where he became one of the most prolific goal-scorers in English football history. Dean played the majority of his career at Everton before injuries caught up with him and he moved on to new challenges at Notts County and Ireland's Sligo Rovers. He is best known for his exploits in 1927-28 season which saw Dean score 100 goals in a season, 60 of which were in the league - a record which stands to this day.
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Don Harron
Donald H. Harron, OC, OOnt (born September 19, 1924 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian comedian, actor, director, journalist, author and composer.
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Don Knotts
Jesse Donald "Don" Knotts (July 21, 1924 – February 24, 2006) was an American comedic actor best known for his portrayal of Barney Fife on the 1960s television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show, a role which earned him five Emmy Awards. He also played landlord Ralph Furley on the 1970s television sitcom ''Three's Company''.
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Doris Day
Doris Day (born April 3, 1922) is an American actress and singer, and has been an outspoken animal rights activist since her retirement from show business. Day's entertainment career began in her late teens as a big band singer. In 1945 she had her first hit recording , "Sentimental Journey", and, in 1948, appeared in her first film, Romance on the High Seas. During her entertainment career, she has appeared in thirty-nine films, recorded more than six-hundred-fifty songs, received an Academy Award nomination, won a Golden Globe and a Grammy Award, and, in 1989, received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in motion pictures.
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Earl Scruggs
Earl Eugene Scruggs (born January 6, 1924) is a musician noted for perfecting and popularizing a 3-finger style (now called Scruggs style) on the 5-string banjo that is a defining characteristic of bluegrass music. Although other musicians had played in 3-finger style before him, Scruggs shot to prominence when he was hired by Bill Monroe to fill the banjo slot in the "Blue Grass Boys". Scruggs built on earlier styles to develop a truly new and readily identifiable style, involving: unprecedented smoothness, syncopation, and uninterrupted flow; a large vocabulary of unique and original licks; blues and jazz phrases, evident in backup and in solos such as "Foggy Mountain Special;" and an overall coherency and polish that other stylists lacked, which inspired imitation by newer generations of banjo pickers.
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Earl W. Bascom
Earl W. Bascom (June 19, 1906 – August 28, 1995) was an American painter, printmaker and sculptor, raised in Canada, who portrayed his own experiences cowboying and rodeoing across the American and Canadian West.
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Ed Koch
Edward Irving "Ed" Koch (born December 12, 1924; ) is an American lawyer, politician, and political commentator who was a United States Congressman from 1969 to 1977, and a three-term Mayor of New York City, from 1978 to 1989. He also gained fame as a judge on the television show ''The People's Court'' from 1997 to 1999.
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Edward D. Wood, Jr.
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Edwin Hubble
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer who profoundly changed our understanding of the universe by demonstrating the existence of galaxies other than our own, the Milky Way. He also discovered that the degree of "Doppler shift" (specifically "redshift") observed in the light spectra from other galaxies increased in proportion to a particular galaxy's distance from Earth. This relationship became known as Hubble's law, and helped establish that the universe is expanding. Hubble has sometimes been incorrectly credited with discovering the Doppler shift in the spectra of galaxies, but this had already been observed earlier by Vesto Slipher, whose data Hubble used.
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Eleonora Duse
Eleonora Duse (October 3, 1858–April 21, 1924) was an Italian actress, often known simply as Duse.
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Elfi von Dassanowsky
Elfriede "Elfi" von Dassanowsky (February 2, 1924 – October 2, 2007) was an Austrian-American singer, pianist, film producer and humanitarian.
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Elizabeth Short
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Ernst Alexanderson
Ernst Frederick Werner Alexanderson (January 25, 1878 – May 14, 1975) was a Swedish-American electrical engineer, who was a pioneer in radio and television development.
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Errol Brathwaite
Errol Brathwaite (1924-2005) was a New Zealand author. He was born and grew up in Waipukurau, Hawke's Bay. He experienced the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake first-hand.
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Eva Marie Saint
Eva Marie Saint (born 4 July 1924) is an American actress who has starred in films, on Broadway, and on television in a career spanning seven decades. Saint won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in On the Waterfront (1954), and later starred in Alfred Hitchcock's classic thriller North by Northwest (1959). She received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for A Hatful of Rain (1957) and won an Emmy Award for the miniseries People Like Us (1990). Her film career also includes roles in Raintree County (1957), Because of Winn-Dixie (2005), and Superman Returns (2006).
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Ezer Weizman
(), born 15 June 1924, died 24 April 2005) was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.
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Ezra Laderman
Ezra Laderman (born June 29, 1924 Brooklyn ) is an American composer of classical music.
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Ferruccio Busoni
Ferruccio (Dante Michelangelo Benvenuto) Busoni (April 1, 1866 – July 27, 1924) was an Italian composer, pianist, editor, writer, piano and composition teacher, and conductor.
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Flo Sandon's
Mammola Sandon, known by the stage name of '''Flo Sandon's''' (29 June 1924 – 17 November 2006), was an Italian singer who was popular in the post-WWII years. She won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1953 with the song "Viale d'autunno".
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Frank Chance
Frank Leroy Chance (September 9, 1876 – September 15, 1924) was a Major League Baseball player at the turn of the 20th century. Performing the roles of first baseman and manager, Chance led the Chicago Cubs to four National League championships in the span of five years (1906-1910) and earned the nickname "The Peerless Leader".
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Frank Frost Abbott
Frank Frost Abbott (March 27, 1860 – July 23, 1924) was an American classical scholar. Born in Redding, Connecticut, he taught at the University of Chicago, then moved to Princeton University in 1907. He died in Montreux, Switzerland.
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Frank J. Kelley
Frank J. Kelley (born December 31, 1924), was the 50th Attorney General of the U.S. state of Michigan. His 37-year term of office, from 1961 to 1998, made him both the youngest (36 years old) and oldest (74 years old) Attorney General in the state's history, and led to his nickname as the "Eternal General". He is the longest serving state attorney general in U.S. history.
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Frank Lautenberg
Frank Raleigh Lautenberg (; born January 23, 1924) is the senior United States Senator from New Jersey and a member of the Democratic Party. He is serving his fifth non-consecutive term in the Senate, first serving from 1982 to 2001 and again since 2003; he is the only current Senator to have returned to office after having retired from the Senate. He is also the oldest member of the Senate.
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Franz Kafka
Franz Kafka (; 3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-language novelist, one of the most influential of the 20th century, whose works came to be regarded after his death as one of the major achievements of world literature. The term "" has entered the English language.
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Freddie Bartholomew
Freddie Bartholomew (March 28, 1924 – January 23, 1992) was a Irish child actor, popular in 1930s Hollywood films.
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Gabriel Fauré
Gabriel Urbain Fauré (; 12 May 1845 – 4 November 1924) was a French composer, organist, pianist and teacher. He was one of the foremost French composers of his generation, and his musical style influenced many 20th century composers. Among his best-known works are his Nocturnes for piano, the songs "Après un rêve" and "Clair de lune", and his Requiem.
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Gene Stratton-Porter
Gene Stratton-Porter (August 17, 1863 – December 6, 1924) was an American author, amateur naturalist, wildlife photographer, and one of the earliest women to form a movie studio and production company. She wrote some best-selling novels and well-received columns in national magazines, such as McCalls. Her works were translated into several languages, including Braille, and Stratton-Porter was estimated to have 50 million readers around the world. She used her position and income as a well-known author to support conservation of Limberlost Swamp and other wetlands in the state of Indiana. Her novel A Girl of the Limberlost was adapted four times as a film, most recently in 1990 in a made-for-TV version.
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Geoffrey Bayldon
Geoffrey Bayldon (born 7 January 1924) is a British actor. After playing roles in many dramas including Shakespeare, he became known for portraying the title role of the children's series Catweazle (1970–71), after turning down the opportunity to play both the First and Second Doctors in the long-running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. Bayldon's other long-running parts include the Crowman in Worzel Gummidge (1979–81) and Magic Grandad in the BBC television series Watch (1995).
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Geoffrey Beene
Geoffrey Beene (August 30, 1924 – September 28, 2004) was an American fashion designer.
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George Gershwin
George Gershwin (September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist. Gershwin's compositions spanned both popular and classical genres, and his most popular melodies are widely known.
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George Guest
Dr George Howell Guest, CBE (9 February 1924 - 20 November 2002) was organist and choirmaster of the Choir of St John's College, Cambridge, for four decades. He was a highly influential teacher, numbering many cathedral organists among his former students. He was at the forefront of the adoption of a more continental tone in English cathedral choirs.
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George Mallory
George Herbert Leigh Mallory (18 June 1886 – 8/9 June 1924) was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest in the early 1920s.
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George Mikan
George Lawrence Mikan, Jr. (June 18, 1924 – June 1, 2005), nicknamed Mr. Basketball, was an American professional basketball player for the Chicago American Gears of the National Basketball League (NBL) and the Minneapolis Lakers of the NBL, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA). Invariably playing with thick, round spectacles, the 6 ft 10 in 245 lb. Mikan is seen as one of the pioneers of professional basketball, redefining it as a game of so-called big men with his prolific rebounding, shot blocking and his talent to shoot over smaller defenders with his ambidextrous hook shot, result of his own Mikan Drill.
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Georges Charpak
Georges Charpak (March 8, 1924 – September 29, 2010) was a French physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992.
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Gershwin
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Giacomo Matteotti
Giacomo Matteotti () (22 May 1885 – 10 June 1924) was an Italian socialist politician. On 30 May 1924, he openly spoke in the Italian Parliament alleging the Fascists committed fraud in the recently held elections, and denounced the violence they used to gain votes. Eleven days later he was kidnapped and killed, allegedly by members or supporters of the National Fascist Party.
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Giacomo Puccini
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (; 22 December 185829 November 1924) was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot, are among the most frequently performed in the standard repertoire. Some of his arias, such as "O mio babbino caro" from Gianni Schicchi, "Che gelida manina" from La bohème, and "Nessun dorma" from Turandot, have become part of popular culture.
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Gil Hodges
Gilbert Raymond Hodges (April 4, 1924 – April 2, 1972) was an American first baseman and manager in Major League Baseball who played most of his career for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers. He was the major leagues' outstanding first baseman in the 1950s, with teammate Duke Snider being the only player to have more home runs or runs batted in during the decade. For a time, his 370 career home runs were a National League (NL) record for right-handed hitters, and briefly ranked tenth in major league history; he held the NL record for career grand slams from 1957 to 1974. He anchored the infield on six pennant winners, and remains one of the most beloved and admired players in team history. A sterling defensive player, he won the first three Gold Glove Awards and led the NL in double plays four times and in putouts, assists and fielding percentage three times each. He ranked second in NL history with 1,281 assists and 1,614 double plays when his career ended, and was also among the league's career leaders in games (6th, 1,908) and total chances (10th, 16,751) at first base. He managed the New York Mets to the 1969 World Series title, one of the greatest upsets in Series history, before his untimely death in 1972.
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Gloria Vanderbilt
Gloria Laura Morgan Vanderbilt (born February 20, 1924) is an American artist, actress, heiress, and socialite most noted as an early developer of designer blue jeans. She is a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family of New York and mother of CNN's Anderson Cooper.
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Gopinath Saha
Gopinath Saha was a Bengali Indian freedom fighter who attempted to assassinate Charles Tegart, the then head of the Detective Department of Calcutta Police. On 12 January 1924 Saha attempted to kill Tegart, but erroneously killed Ernest Day, a White civilian who had come there on official business. Saha was arrested and executed by the government.
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Gottlieb Daimler
Gottlieb Daimler (; March 17, 1834 – March 6, 1900) was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist, born in Schorndorf (Kingdom of Württemberg, a federal state of the German Confederation), in what is now Germany. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the first high-speed petrol engine and the first four-wheel automobile.
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Gregoire Kayibanda
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Hank Stram
Henry Louis "Hank" Stram (; January 3, 1923–July 4, 2005), was an American college and Professional Football coach. He is best known for his fifteen-year tenure with the American Football League's Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs and the Chiefs of the NFL. Stram won three AFL Championships (more than any other coach in the league's history) and Super Bowl IV with the Chiefs. He also coached the most victories (87), had the most post-season appearances (6) and the best post-season record in the AFL (5–1). Stram is largely responsible for the introduction of Gatorade to the NFL due to his close association with Ray Graves, coach at the University of Florida during Gatorade's development and infancy. Hank Stram never had an offensive coordinator, defensive coordinator, or special teams coach during his legendary career with the Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953). As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice-president and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his historic fourth term.
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Henry Bacon
Henry Bacon (November 28, 1866 – February 17, 1924), an American Beaux-Arts architect, is best remembered for his severe Greek Doric Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. (built 1915–1922), which was his final project.
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Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American statesman, a Republican politician, and a noted historian. While he did not claim the title, he is considered to be the first Senate majority leader.
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Henry Hyde
Henry John Hyde (April 18, 1924 – November 29, 2007), an American politician, was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 2007, representing the 6th District of Illinois, an area of Chicago's northwestern suburbs which included O'Hare International Airport. He chaired the Judiciary Committee from 1995 to 2001, and the House International Relations Committee from 2001 to 2007.
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Henry Mancini
Henry Mancini (April 16, 1924 – June 14, 1994) was an American composer, conductor and arranger, best remembered for his film and television scores. He won a record number of Grammy Awards (20), including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award posthumously in 1995. His best-known works include the jazz-idiom theme to The Pink Panther film series ("The Pink Panther Theme"), the Peter Gunn Theme from the television series, and back-to-back Academy Awards for the songs "Moon River" from the Blake Edwards film ''Breakfast at Tiffany's and "Days of Wine and Roses" from the 1962 film Days of Wine and Roses''.
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Herk Harvey
Harold Arnold "Herk" Harvey (June 3, 1924 – April 3, 1996) was an American film director, actor, and film producer.
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Hermann Buhl
Hermann Buhl (September 21, 1924 – June 27, 1957) is considered one of the best post-World War II Austrian climbers and one of the best climbers of all time. He was particularly innovative in applying alpine style to Himalayan climbing. His accomplishments include:
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Holger Juul Hansen
Holger Juul Hansen (born 14 August 1924 in Nyborg) is a Danish actor.
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Inez Voyce
Inez Ferne Voyce [Lefty] (born August 16, 1924) is a former first basewoman who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 6", 148 lb., she batted and threw left-handed.
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Ira Gershwin
Ira Gershwin (December 6, 1896 – August 17, 1983) was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of the most memorable songs of the 20th century.
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Isabella Ford
Isabella Ormston Ford (1855–1924) was an English social reformer, suffragist and writer. She became a public speaker and wrote pamphlets on issues related to socialism, feminism and worker's rights. After becoming concerned with the rights of female mill workers at an early age, Ford became involved with trade union organisation in the 1880s. A member of the national administrative council of the Independent Labour Party, she was the first woman to speak at a Labour Representation Committee (which became the British Labour Party) conference.
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İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" (National Chief).
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J. Edgar Hoover
John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States. Appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation—predecessor to the FBI—in 1924, he was instrumental in founding the FBI in 1935, where he remained director until his death in 1972. Hoover is credited with building the FBI into a large and efficient crime-fighting agency, and with instituting a number of modern innovations to police technology, such as a centralized fingerprint file and forensic laboratories.
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Jamal Abro
Jamaluddin Abro, (), () also known as Jamal Abro (2 May 1924 - 30 June 2004, Larkana, Pakistan) was a Sindhi writer. He was born in May 1924 at Sangi, a small village in Mehar Taluka, then part of Dadu District.
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James W. Black
Sir James Whyte Black, OM, FRS, FRSE, FRCP (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010) was a Scottish doctor and pharmacologist. He spent his career both as researcher and as an academic at several universities. Black established the physiology department at the University of Glasgow, where he became interested in the effects of adrenaline on the human heart. He went to work for ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958 and, while there, developed propranolol, a beta blocker used for the treatment of heart disease. Black was also responsible for the development of cimetidine, a drug used in a similar manner to treat stomach ulcers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1988 for work leading to the development of propranolol and cimetidine.
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Janet Waldo
Janet Waldo (born February 4, 1924, though several sources state 1918, in Yakima, Washington, though several sources state Grandview) is an American actress and voice artist with a career encompassing radio, television, animation and live-action films. She is best known in animation for voicing Judy Jetson, Penelope Pitstop, and Josie McCoy in Josie and the Pussycats. She was equally famed for radio's Meet Corliss Archer, a title role with which she was so identified that she was drawn into the comic book adaptation.
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Jeanette Schmid
Jeanette Schmid (6 November 1924 - 9 March 2005) was a professional transsexual whistler.
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Jew
http://wn.com/Jew -
Jimmy Carter
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office. Before he became President, Carter served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as Governor of Georgia, from 1971 to 1975, and was a peanut farmer and naval officer.
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Joan Aiken
Joan Delano Aiken (4 September 1924 – 4 January 2004) was an English novelist. She was born in Rye, East Sussex, into a family of writers, including her father, American poet Conrad Aiken (who won a Pulitzer Prize for his poetry), her sister, Jane Aiken Hodge and her brother John Aiken (with her siblings, Joan Aiken authored Conrad Aiken Remembered (1989), a short, subtle appreciation of their complex and difficult father). Joan's mother, Canadian-born Jessie MacDonald, a Masters graduate from Radcliffe College, married English writer Martin Armstrong soon after Conrad Aiken separated from her.
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Joanne Winter
Joanne Emily Winter [Jo] (November 24, 1924 - September 22, 1996) was a female pitcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 8", 138 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.
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John Edward Bruce
John Edward Bruce, also known as Bruce Grit or J. E. Bruce-Grit (February 22, 1856 – August 7, 1924), born a slave in Maryland, United States, became a journalist, historian, writer, orator, civil rights activist and Pan-African nationalist. He founded newspapers in Washington, DC; and Norfolk, Virginia; as well as co-founding the Negro Society for Historical Research in New York.
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John Marden
Dr. John Marden B.A., LL.D (9 April 1855 – 29 October 1924) was an Australian Headmaster, pioneer of women's education, and Presbyterian elder.
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John W. Davis
John William Davis (April 13, 1873 – March 24, 1955) was an American politician, diplomat and lawyer. He served as a United States Representative from West Virginia (1911–1913), then as Solicitor General of the United States and U.S. Ambassador to the UK under President Woodrow Wilson. Over a 60-year legal career, he argued 140 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.
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Johnny Gilbert
Johnny Gilbert (born John L. Gilbert, III on July 13, 1924; Newport News, Virginia), is an American television personality who has worked primarily on game shows. Originally a game show host, he has become known primarily as an announcer for several titles dating back to the 1950s. Since 1984, he has been the announcer of the quiz show Jeopardy!.
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Joseph Conrad
Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish British novelist, who became a British subject in 1886.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and head of state who served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. After the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Stalin rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union, which he ruled as a dictator.
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José Arraño Acevedo
José Santos Arraño Acevedo (October 14, 1921 - November 24, 2009) was a famous writer and historian from Pichilemu, mostly known for his books on the city's history.
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Joyce Randolph
Joyce Randolph (born October 21, 1924) is an American actress, best known for playing Trixie Norton on The Honeymooners.
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Juan Ponce Enrile
Juan "Manong/Manong Johnny/Johnny" Ponce Enrile (born February 14, 1924) is a political figure in the Philippines. Originally a protege of late dictator Ferdinand Marcos he later became one of the leaders (along with then General Fidel V. Ramos) in the 1986 People Power Movement that drove President Ferdinand Marcos from power. Enrile has been the President of the Senate of the Philippines since November 2008.
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June Callwood
June Rose Callwood, CC, O.Ont. (June 2, 1924 – April 14, 2007) was a Canadian journalist, author and social activist. She was born in Chatham, Ontario and grew up in nearby Belle River.
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János Starker
János Starker (born July 5, 1924) is a Hungarian-American cellist. Since 1958 he has taught at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music, where he holds the title of Distinguished Professor.
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Karl Benz
Karl Friedrich Benz, sometimes spelled as Carl, (November 25, 1844, Mühlburg (Karlsruhe), – April 4, 1929, Ladenburg, Germany) was a German engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile and pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer, Mercedes-Benz. Other German contemporaries, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach working as partners, also worked on similar types of inventions, without knowledge of the work of the other, but Benz patented his work first and, after that, patented all of the processes that made the internal combustion engine feasible for use in automobiles. In 1886 Benz was granted a patent for his first automobile.
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Katy Jurado
Katy Jurado (January 16, 1924 – July 5, 2002), born María Cristina Estela Marcela Jurado García in Guadalajara, Jalisco, was the first Mexican National actress to be nominated for an Academy Award.
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Kazimieras Būga
Kazimieras Būga (November 6, 1879 – December 2, 1924) was a Lithuanian linguist and philologist. He was a professor of linguistics, who mainly worked on the Lithuanian language.
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Kemal Atatürk
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Kenneth Kaunda
Kenneth David Kaunda, affectionately known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991.
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Kenneth Kendall
Kenneth Kendall (born 7 August 1924, British India) is a retired British broadcaster. He was a contemporary of Richard Baker and Robert Dougall. Although he worked for many years as a newsreader for the BBC, he is perhaps better remembered in recent years as the host of the game show Treasure Hunt (1982–89).
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Kenneth O'Donnell
'''Kenneth Patrick O'Donnell (March 4, 1924 - September 9, 1977), known as Kenny''', was a top aide to U.S. President John F. Kennedy and part of the group of Kennedys' close advisors called the "Irish Mafia". He served as organizer and director of Kennedy's presidential campaign schedule in 1960, as Kennedy's special assistant and appointments secretary 1961-1963, as Lyndon Johnson's Presidential Aide 1963-1965, as campaign manager for Robert Kennedy in the 1968 presidential election campaign, and as campaign manager for Hubert Humphrey after Bobby Kennedy's assassination.
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King Edward VII
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII -
Kōbō Abe
, pseudonym of was a Japanese writer, playwright, photographer and inventor. Abe has been often compared to Franz Kafka and Alberto Moravia for his surreal, often nightmarish explorations of individuals in contemporary society and his modernist sensibilities.
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Lauren Bacall
Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Perske September 16, 1924) is an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.
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Lee Iacocca
Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca (born October 15, 1924) is an American businessman known for his revival of the Chrysler Corporation in the 1980s, serving as President and CEO from 1978 and additionally as chairman from 1979, until his retirement at the end of 1992. One of the most famous business people in the world, he was a passionate advocate of U.S. business exports during the 1980s. He is the author (or co-author) of several books, including (with William Novak), and Where have all the Leaders Gone?
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Lee Marvin
Lee Marvin (February 19, 1924 – August 29, 1987) was an American film actor. Known for his gravelly voice, white hair and 6' 2" stature, Marvin at first did supporting roles, mostly villains, soldiers and other hardboiled characters, but after winning an Academy Award for Best Actor for his dual roles in Cat Ballou (1965), he landed more heroic and sympathetic leading roles.
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Leon Uris
Leon Marcus Uris (August 3, 1924 – June 21, 2003) was an American novelist, known for his historical fiction and the deep research that went into his novels. His two bestselling books were Exodus, published in 1958, and Trinity, in 1976.
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Leslie Phillips
:See also Leslie Phillips (singer).
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Lilian Velez
Lilian Velez (March 3, 1924 — June 26, 1948) was a Filipino film actress and singer. Her 1948 murder by a fellow actor scandalized post-war Philippines.
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Lillian Faralla
Lillian Faralla [Lil] (born July 29, 1924) is a former female pitcher and utility who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right-handed.
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Lloyd Alexander
Lloyd Chudley Alexander (January 30, 1924 – May 17, 2007) was a widely influential American author of more than forty books, mostly fantasy novels for children and adolescents, as well as several adult books. His most famous contribution to the field of children's literature is the fantasy series The Chronicles of Prydain. The concluding book of the series, The High King, was awarded the Newbery Medal in 1969. Alexander's other books have also won multiple National Book Awards. He was also one of the creators of children's literary magazine Cricket.
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Louis Delluc
Louis Delluc (October 14, 1890–March 22, 1924) was a French film director, screen writer and film critic, many of whose late 1910s film writings for French newspapers were collected in the volume Cinema et cie (1919). He is best known for his early book on Charles Chaplin (1921; translated into English in 1922).
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Louis Sullivan
Louis Henri Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, and has been called the "father of modernism." He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School.
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Luigi Nono
Luigi Nono (; January 29, 1924 – May 8, 1990) was an Italian avant-garde composer of classical music and remains one of the most prominent composers of the 20th century.
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Makhmud Esambayev
Makhmud Alisultanovich Esambayev () (July 15, 1924 - January 7, 2000) was a Chechen actor and dancer. Makhmud was regarded as one the most famous dancers of the Soviet Union.[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0260063/bio]
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Mal Whitfield
Malvin "Mal" Greston Whitfield (born October 11, 1924) is a former American athlete, a double winner of 800 m at the Olympic Games. Mal Whitfield is the father of CNN anchor Fredricka Whitfield.
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Margaret Fulton
Margaret Isobel Fulton OAM (born 1924 in Nairn, Scotland) is a British-born Australian food and cooking 'guru', writer, journalist, author, and commentator. She was the first of this genre of writers in Australia.
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Margaret Truman
Mary Margaret Truman Daniel (February 17, 1924 — January 29, 2008), widely known throughout her life as Margaret Truman, was an American singer who later became a successful writer. She was the only child of Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States, and Bess Truman.
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Margaret Wigiser
Margaret M. Wigiser [Wiggie] (born December 17, 1924) is a former female center fielder who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right-handed.
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Maria Koepcke
Maria Koepcke (also spelled Köpcke) (May 15, 1924 - December 24, 1971), born Maria Emilie Anna von Mikulicz-Radecki, was a famous ornithologist who died in the crash of LANSA Flight 508.
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Mariano Álvarez
Mariano Álvarez (March 15, 1818 – August 25, 1924) was a Filipino revolutionary and politician.
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Mario Soares
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Mark Lenard
Mark Lenard (15 October 1924 - 22 November 1996) was an American actor, primarily in television.
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Marlon Brando
Marlon Brando, Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor who performed for over half a century.
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Mary Grace Canfield
Mary Grace Canfield (born September 3, 1924 in Rochester, New York) is an American actress who often played the role of a romance-starved spinster/wallflower.
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Maurice Jarre
Maurice-Alexis Jarre (13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009) was a French composer and conductor.
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Max Roach
Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer.
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Michael Barrington
Michael Barrington (London, 3 July 1924 – 5 June 1988 in London) was a British actor best known for his television work.
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Milton Obote
Apolo Milton Obote (December 28, 1925 – October 10, 2005), Prime Minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and President of Uganda from 1966 to 1971, then again from 1980 to 1985. He was an Ugandan political leader who led Uganda towards independence from the British colonial administration in 1962.
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Mimi Parent
Mimi Parent (September 8, 1924 - June 14, 2005), born Marie Parent in Montreal, was a Canadian surrealist artist.
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Mohammed Rafi
Mohammed Rafi (, lang-ur|; December 24, 1924 – July 31, 1980), was an Indian playback singer whose career spanned four decades. He won several awards including Padma Shri, 5 National Awards and 6 Filmfare awards.
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Moturu Udayam
Moturu Udayam (b. October 13, 1924, Turumella village, Guntur district, d. March 31, 2002, Vijayawada) was an Indian politician and women's rights activist. She was the General Secretary of the Andhra Pradesh Mahila Sangham for eighteen years, and then the honorary president of the organisation between 1992 and 2001. She was also Vice President of the All India Democratic Women's Association, to which the APMS is affiliated, between 1981 to 2001.
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Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Punjabi, ; 12 August 1924 – 17 August 1988) was the sixth President of Pakistan from July 1977 to his death in August 1988. Distinguished by his role in the Black September in Jordan military operation in 1970, he was appointed Chief of Army Staff in 1976. After widespread civil disorder, he overthrew ruling Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in a bloodless coup d'état on 5 July 1977 and became the state's third ruler to impose martial law. He initially ruled as Chief Martial Law Administrator, but later installed himself as the President of Pakistan in September 1978.
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Nancy Buckingham
Nancy Jean Buckingham (born 10 August 1924) is a British writer of gothic and romance novels in collaboration with her husband, John Sawyer (4 October 1919 – 1994). They wrote novels under her maiden name Nancy Buckingham, and under the pseudonyms Christina Abbey, Erica Quest, Nancy John and Hilary London. Their last novel was released in 1992.
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Nellie Tayloe Ross
Nellie Tayloe Ross (November 29, 1876 – December 19, 1977) was an American politician, the 14th Governor of Wyoming from 1925 to 1927, and director of the United States Mint from 1933-1953. She was the first woman to serve as governor of a U.S. state. To date, she remains the only woman to have served as governor of Wyoming. She was a staunch supporter of prohibition during the 1920s.
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Neville Marriner
Sir Neville Marriner (born 15 April 1924) is an English conductor and violinist.
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Niels Jannasch
Niels Windekilde Jannasch, OC (1924 - 2001) was a mariner, marine historian and the founding director of the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic.
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Nina Bocharova
Nina Antonovna Bocharova () (b. September 24, 1924 in village Suprunovka, Poltava Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a former Soviet/Ukrainian gymnast, who won five medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
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Nina Foch
Nina Foch (April 20, 1924 - December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-born American actress and leading lady in many 1940s and 1950s films.
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Noel Odell
Noel Ewart Odell (25 December 1890 – 21 February 1987) was an English geologist and mountaineer. Educated at Brighton College, in 1924 he was an oxygen officer on the Everest expedition in which George Mallory and Andrew Irvine famously perished during their summit attempt. Odell spent two weeks living above 23,000 feet (7,000m, and twice climbed to 26,800-ft and higher, all without supplemental oxygen. Indeed, his performance on Everest was so remarkable, it was taken as proof that the weight of oxygen equipment nullified any possible benefit.
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Norman Fell
Norman Fell (March 24, 1924 – December 14, 1998) was an American actor of film and television, most famous for his role as landlord Mr. Roper on the sitcom ''Three's Company and its spin-off, The Ropers''.
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Olivier Gendebien
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Osman Lins
Osman Lins (July 5, 1924, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil – July 8, 1978, São Paulo, Brazil) was a Brazilian novelist and short story writer. He is considered to be one of the leading innovators of Brazilian literature in the mid 20th century. He graduated from the University of Recife in 1946 with a degree in economics and finance, and held a position as bank clerk from 1943 until 1970. From 1970 to 1976 he taught literature.
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Ossie Davis
Ossie Davis (December 18, 1917 – February 4, 2005) was an African-American film actor, director, poet, playwright, writer, and social activist.
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Ottoman Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
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Panagiotis Danglis
Panagiotis Danglis () was a Greek general of the Hellenic Army and a politician.
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Pat Hingle
Martin Patterson "Pat" Hingle (July 19, 1924 – January 3, 2009) was an American actor.
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Paul Dietzel
Paul Dietzel (born September 5, 1924 in Fremont, Ohio) is a former American football player and coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head coach at Louisiana State University (1955–1961), the United States Military Academy (1962–1965), and the University of South Carolina (1966–1974), compiling a career record of 109–95–5. Dietzel's 1958 LSU team concluded an 11–0 season with a win over Clemson in the Sugar Bowl and was a consensus national champion. For his efforts that year, Dietzel was named the National Coach of the Year by both the American Football Coaches Association and the Football Writers Association of America. Dietzel also served as the athletic director at South Carolina (1966–1975) and at LSU (1978–1982).
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Peggy Ryan
'''Margaret O'Rene "Peggy" Ryan''' (August 28, 1924; Long Beach, California – October 30, 2004; Las Vegas, Nevada) was an American dancer who starred in a series of movie musicals at Universal Studios, tapping and clowning with Donald O'Connor.
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Pepper Paire
Lavonne Paire Davis [Pepper] (born May 29, 1924) is a former female catcher and infielder who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 4", 138 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.
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Philip Stone
Philip Stone (14 April 1924 – 15 June 2003) was an English actor.
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Priscilla Pointer
Priscilla Pointer (born May 18, 1924) is an American stage, film and television character actress. She began her career in the theater, including productions on Broadway. Later, Pointer moved to Hollywood to act in films and on television. She is the mother of actress Amy Irving (and former mother-in-law of Steven Spielberg).
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Ramsay MacDonald
James Ramsay MacDonald (12 October 1866 – 9 November 1937) was a British Labour politician, who served two separate terms as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He rose from humble origins to become the first ever British Labour Prime Minister in 1924.
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Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Poincaré (; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French conservative statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920.
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Rik Van Steenbergen
Rik Van Steenbergen (Arendonk, 9 September 1924 – Antwerp, 15 May 2003) was a Belgian racing cyclist, considered to be one of the best among the great number of successful Belgian cyclists.
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Robert Bolt
Robert Oxton Bolt, CBE (15 August 1924 – 21 February 1995) was an English playwright and a two-time Oscar winning screenwriter.
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Robert Frank
Robert Frank (born November 9, 1924), born in Zürich, Switzerland, is an important figure in American photography and film. His most notable work, the 1958 photographic book titled Les Américains [The Americans], was influential in the post-war period, and earned Frank comparisons to a modern-day de Tocqueville for his fresh and skeptical outsider's view of American society. Frank later expanded into film and video and experimented with compositing and manipulating photographs.
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Robert Mugabe
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (, ; born 21 February 1924) is the second and current President of Zimbabwe. One of the leaders of the liberation movement against white-minority rule, he was elected into power as the head of government since 1980, as Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987, and as the first executive head of state since 1987.
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Robert Solow
Robert Merton Solow (born August 23, 1924) is an American economist particularly known for his work on the theory of economic growth that culminated in the exogenous growth model named after him. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal (in 1961) and the 1987 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
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Robert Webber
Robert L. Webber (October 14, 1924 - May 19, 1989) was an American actor who starred as Juror #12 in the 1957 movie 12 Angry Men.
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Rod Serling
Rodman "Rod" Edward Serling (December 25, 1924 – June 28, 1975) was an American screenwriter, television producer, and narrator best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his science fiction anthology TV series, The Twilight Zone. Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen and helped form television industry standards. He was known as the angry young man of Hollywood, clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues including censorship, racism, and anti-war politics.
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Roger Guillemin
Roger Charles Louis Guillemin (born January 11, 1924 in Dijon, Bourgogne, France) received the National Medal of Science in 1976, and the Nobel prize for medicine in 1977 for his work on neurohormones, sharing the prize that year with Andrew Schally and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow.
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Roland Petit
Roland Petit (born January 13, 1924) is a French choreographer and dancer born in Villemomble near Paris, France. He trained at the Paris Opéra Ballet school, and became well known for his creative ballets.
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Rosamunde Pilcher
Rosamunde Pilcher OBE (maiden name Scott, born 22 September 1924) is a British author of romance novels and mainstream women's fiction. Early in her career she was also published under the pen name Jane Fraser. Pilcher retired from writing in 2000.
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Ruby Dee
Ruby Dee (born October 27, 1924) is an American actress, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, and activist, perhaps best-known for co-starring in the film A Raisin in the Sun (1961).
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Ruby Stephens
Ruby Lee Stephens [Stevie] (October 2, 1924 - March 21, 1996) was a female pitcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right-handed.
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Rudolf Vrba
Rudolf "Rudi" Vrba, born Walter Rosenberg (September 11, 1924 – March 27, 2006) was a Slovak-Canadian professor of pharmacology at the University of British Columbia. He came to public attention in 1944 when, in April that year, he and a friend, Alfréd Wetzler, escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp and passed information to the Allies about the mass murder that was taking place there. The 32 pages of information the men dictated to horrified Jewish officials in Slovakia became known as the Vrba-Wetzler report. It was the first detailed information about the camp to reach the Allies that they accepted as credible.
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Russell Johnson
:For other people with this or similar names see Russell Johnson (disambiguation).
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Sabine Baring-Gould
The Reverend Sabine Baring-Gould (28 January 1834 - 2 January 1924) was an English hagiographer, antiquarian, novelist and eclectic scholar. His bibliography lists more than 1240 separate publications, though this list continues to grow. His family home, Lew Trenchard Manor near Okehampton, Devon, has been preserved as he rebuilt it and is now a hotel. He is remembered particularly as a writer of hymns, the best-known being "Onward, Christian Soldiers" and "Now the Day Is Over". He also translated the carol "Gabriel's Message" from Basque to English.
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Samuel Gompers
Samuel Gompers (January 27, 1850 – December 13, 1924) was an English-born American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL), and served as that organization's president from 1886 to 1894 and from 1895 until his death in 1924. He promoted harmony among the different craft unions that comprised the AFL, trying to minimize jurisdictional battles. He promoted "thorough" organization and collective bargaining to secure shorter hours and higher wages, the first essential steps, he believed, to emancipating labor. He also encouraged the AFL to take political action to "elect their friends" and "defeat their enemies." During World War I, Gompers and the AFL worked with the government to avoid strikes and boost morale, while raising wage rates and expanding membership.
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Sandy Wilson
Sandy Wilson (born 19 May 1924) is an English composer and lyricist, best known for his musical The Boy Friend (1953).
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Sellapan Ramanathan
Sellapan Ramanathan (; born 3 July 1924) is the sixth and current President of the Republic of Singapore. Often referred to as S. R. Nathan, he was first sworn in on September 1, 1999. In 1999 and 2005 he was proclaimed president after an uncontested election(all competing candidates disqualified). In 2009, he surpassed Benjamin Sheares to become Singapore's longest serving President.
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Sidney Lumet
Sidney Lumet (, loo-MET; born June 25, 1924) is an American film director, with over 50 films to his name, including 12 Angry Men (1957), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), Network (1976) and The Verdict (1982), all of which earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Director.
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Slim Harpo
Slim Harpo (January 11, 1924 – January 31, 1970) was an American blues musician. He was known as a master of the blues harmonica and the name "Slim Harpo" was derived from "harp," the popular nickname for the harmonica in blues circles.
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Speedy West
Wesley Webb West (January 25, 1924 – November 15, 2003), better known as Speedy West, was an American pedal steel guitarist and record producer. He frequently played with Jimmy Bryant, both in their own duo and as part of the regular Capitol Records backing band for Tennessee Ernie Ford and many others. He also played on Loretta Lynn's first single.
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Stanley K. Hathaway
Stanley Knapp Hathaway (July 19, 1924–October 4, 2005) served as 27th Governor of Wyoming from 1967—1975, and as United States Secretary of the Interior under President Gerald R. Ford.
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Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose () was born 23 January 1897; and presumed to have died 18 August 1945, although this is disputed, popularly known as Netaji (literally "Respected Leader"), was one of the most prominent leaders in the Indian independence movement and a legendary figure in india today.
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Takaaki Yoshimoto
also known as Ryūmei Yoshimoto, is a Japanese poet, literary critic, and philosopher from Tokyo. He is the father of the famous Japanese writer known as Banana Yoshimoto and of the cartoonist Haruno Yoiko.
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Taylor Mead
Taylor Mead (born December 31, 1924) is an American writer, actor, and performer. Mead appeared in several of Andy Warhol's underground films including Tarzan and Jane Regained... Sort of and ''Taylor Mead's Ass''.
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Ted Mallie
Theodore A. (Ted) Mallie (June 3, 1924, Brooklyn, New York – January 25, 1999) was an American radio and television announcer.
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Thomas H. Ince
Thomas Harper Ince (November 6, 1882 – November 19, 1924) was an American silent film actor, director, screenwriter and producer of more than 100 films and pioneering studio mogul. Known as the "Father of the Western", he invented many mechanisms of professional movie production, introducing early Hollywood to the "assembly line" system of film making. His screenplay The Italian (1915) was preserved by the United States National Film Registry, as was his film Civilization (1916). He was a partner with D.W. Griffith and Mack Sennett in the Triangle Motion Picture Company, and built his own studios in Culver City, which later became the legendary home of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He is also known for his death aboard the yacht of William Randolph Hearst; officially he died of heart trouble, but Hollywood rumor of the time suggested he had been shot by Hearst in a dispute over actress Marion Davies.
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Théodore Dubois
François-Clément Théodore Dubois (24 August 1837 – 11 June 1924) was a French composer, organist and music teacher.
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Tom Landry
Thomas Wade "Tom" Landry (September 11, 1924 – February 12, 2000) was an American football player and coach. He is legendary for his successes as the coach of the Dallas Cowboys. He is ranked as one of the greatest and most innovative coaches in NFL history, creating many new formations and methods. He invented the now popular 4-3 defense, and the "flex defense" system made famous by the "Doomsday Defense" squads he created during his tenure with the Dallas Cowboys.
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Tomiichi Murayama
is a retired Japanese politician who served as the 81st Prime Minister of Japan from June 30, 1994 to January 11, 1996. He was the head of the Social Democratic Party of Japan (until 1996, the Japan Socialist Party) and the first Socialist prime minister in nearly fifty years. He is most remembered today for his speech "On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the war's end," in which he publicly apologized for Japanese atrocities during World War II.
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Tony Hancock
Anthony John "Tony" Hancock (12 May 1924 – 24 June 1968) was a British actor and comedian.
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Torsten Wiesel
Torsten Nils Wiesel (born June 3, 1924) was a Swedish co-recipient with David H. Hubel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system; the prize was shared with Roger W. Sperry for his independent research on the cerebral hemispheres.
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Truman Capote
Truman Capote (; September 30, 1924 – August 25, 1984) was an American author and comedian, many of whose short stories, novels, plays and nonfiction are recognized literary classics, including the novella ''Breakfast at Tiffany's (1958) and In Cold Blood'' (1965), which he labeled a "nonfiction novel." At least 20 films and television dramas have been produced from Capote novels, stories and screenplays.
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Victor Herbert
Victor August Herbert (February 1, 1859 – May 26, 1924) was an Irish-born, German-raised American composer, cellist and conductor. Although Herbert enjoyed important careers as a cello soloist and conductor, he is best known for composing many successful operettas that premiered on Broadway from the 1890s to World War I. He was also prominent among the tin pan alley composers and was later a founder of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). A prolific composer, Herbert produced two operas, a cantata, 43 operettas, incidental music to 10 plays, 31 compositions for orchestra, nine band compositions, nine cello compositions, five violin compositions with piano or orchestra, 22 piano compositions and numerous songs, choral compositions and orchestrations of works by other composers, among other music.
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Vincent Cronin
Vincent Cronin (born 24 May 1924 in Tredegar, Wales) is a British historical, cultural, and biographical writer. He is known for his biographies of Louis XIV, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, Catherine the Great, and Napoleon, as well as for his books on the Renaissance.
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Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924), as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system.
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Wally Cox
Wallace Maynard Cox (December 6, 1924 – February 15, 1973) was an American comedian and actor, particularly associated with the early years of television in the United States. He appeared in the U.S. TV series Mr. Peepers (1952–55), plus several other popular shows, and as a character actor in over 20 films. Wally Cox was the voice of the popular animated cartoon character Underdog. Although often cast as a meek milquetoast, he was actually strong and athletic. He married three times and was a close friend of Marlon Brando.
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Walter Gotell
Walter Gotell (15 March 1924 – 5 May 1997) was a German actor, known for his role as General Gogol, head of the KGB, in the James Bond film series.
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Walter Ris
Walter Steven "Wally" Ris (January 4, 1924 – December 25, 1989) is an American freestyle swimmer. He won two gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. He swam collegiately for the University of Iowa.
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Werner Abrolat
Werner Abrolat (15 August 1924 – 24 August 1997, Munich) was a German actor best known for his role as various characters in the West German crime-drama television series Tatort.
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Willard Boyle
Willard Sterling Boyle, CC (born August 19, 1924) is a Canadian physicist and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device. On October 6, 2009 it was announced that he would share the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor".
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Willem Einthoven
Willem Einthoven (Semarang, May 21, 1860 – Leiden, September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it.
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William Rehnquist
William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and political figure who served as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States and later as the Chief Justice of the United States. Considered a conservative, Rehnquist favored a conception of federalism that paid greater attention to the Tenth Amendment's reservation of powers to the states. Under this view of federalism, the Supreme Court of the United States, for the first time since the 1930s, struck down an Act of Congress as exceeding federal power under the Commerce Clause.
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Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States. A leader of the Progressive Era, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913. With Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft dividing the Republican Party vote, Wilson was elected President as a Democrat in 1912.
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Władysław Reymont
Władysław Stanisław Reymont (May 7, 1867 in Kobiele Wielkie – December 5, 1925) was a Polish novelist and Nobel laureate. His best-known work is the novel Chłopi (Peasants).
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Zahrad
Zareh Yaldizciyan (10 May 1924– 21 February 2007), better known by his pen name Zahrad (), was a Western Armenian poet.
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Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
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Alberta
Alberta is the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. It covers nearly the same land area as the state of Texas, and had a population of 3.7 million in 2009. It became a province on September 1, 1905, on the same day as Saskatchewan.
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Australia
{{Infobox country
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Babbs Switch fire
The Babbs Switch fire on December 24, 1924 killed thirty-six people in a one-room school house at Babbs Switch, Oklahoma, USA. Whole families died and more than half the dead were children.
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Babbs, Oklahoma
Babbs (Babbs Switch) is a small rural community in Kiowa County, Oklahoma. It was named for Edith "Babbs" Babcock. Babbs was the scene of the nationally known Babbs Switch Fire on December 24, 1924, in which 36 people died in a school fire. Many of the dead were children but several families were completely wiped out.
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Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch, but in German referred to as the Hitlerputsch or the Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch) was a failed attempt at revolution that occurred between the evening of 8 November and the early afternoon of 9 November 1923, when Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff, and other heads of the Kampfbund unsuccessfully tried to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. Putsch is the German word for a military coup d'état.
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Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Croydon Airport
Croydon Airport (ICAO: EGCR) was an airport in South London which straddled the boundary between what are now the London boroughs of Croydon and Sutton. Croydon was the first airport in the world to introduce air traffic control, in 1921. It was the main airport for London before it was replaced by Northolt Aerodrome, London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport. Both the terminal building and entrance lodge are Grade II listed buildings.
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English Channel
The English Channel (, the "sleeve") is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Great Britain from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some .
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Fiume
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Georgia (country)
Georgia (, sak’art’velo ; ) is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the east by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is more than 4.6 million. Georgia's constitution is that of a representative democracy, organized as a unitary, semi-presidential republic. It is currently a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Community of Democratic Choice, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, and the Asian Development Bank. The country aspires to join NATO and the European Union.
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Greece
Greece (; , Elláda, ; , Hellás, ), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía, ), is a country in southeastern Europe. Situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at .
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Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
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Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
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Kauai
Kauai or Kauai,
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Lenin Mausoleum
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Leningrad
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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Lorain, Ohio
Lorain is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Black River, about 30 miles west of Cleveland.
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Mecca
Mecca (), also spelled Makkah (occasionally 'Bakkah') (; Makkah and in full: transliterated Makkah Al Mukarramah ) is a city in Saudi Arabia, and the holiest meeting site in Islam, closely followed by Medina.
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Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
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Nevada
Nevada is a state located in the western and southwestern region of the United States. Nevada is also part of the Mountain States. The capital is Carson City and the largest city is Las Vegas. The state's nickname is Silver State, due to the large number of silver deposits that were discovered and mined there. "Sagebrush State" and "Battle Born State" are its alternative nicknames. In 1864, Nevada became the 36th state to enter the union, and the phrase "Battle Born" on the state flag reflects the state's entry on the Union side during the American Civil War. Its first nonnative settlement was called Mormon Station.
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New York
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
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New York State
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha () is the largest city in the state of Nebraska, United States, and is the county seat of Douglas County. It is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 20 miles (30 km) north of the mouth of the Platte River. Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha. It is located 190 miles north of Kansas City, Missouri.
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Red Square
Red Square (, Krásnaya plóshchad’) is a city square in Moscow. The square separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitai-gorod. As major streets of Moscow radiate from here in all directions, being promoted to major highways outside the city, Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow and all of Russia.
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Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg () is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city's other names were Petrograd (, 1914–1924) and Leningrad (, 1924–1991). It is often called just Petersburg () and is informally known as Piter ().
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Seattle
Seattle ( ) is the northernmost major city in the contiguous United States, and the largest city in the Pacific Northwest and in the state of Washington. A seaport situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about south of the Canada – United States border, it is named after Chief Sealth "Seattle", of the Duwamish and Suquamish native tribes. Seattle is the center of the Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue metropolitan statistical area, the 15th largest in the United States, and the largest in the northwestern United States. Seattle is the county seat of King County and is the major economic, cultural and educational center in the region. , the city's population was approximately 617,000 within a metropolitan area of some 3.4 million inhabitants. The Port of Seattle and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport are major gateways to Asia, Alaska, and the rest of the world.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Stirling
Stirling (Gaelic: Sruighlea , Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth. Historically it was strategically important as the "Gateway to the Highlands", with its position near the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands, and its crossing of the Forth, the nearest to the river mouth.
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Sweden
Sweden (pronounced , ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany, and Poland to the south, and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia to the east. Sweden is also connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
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Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Utah
Utah ( or ) is a western state of the United States. It was the 45th state admitted to the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,784,572 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the sixth most urbanized in the U.S. The name "Utah" is derived from the name of the Ute tribe and means "people of the mountains" in the Ute language. Utah is bordered by Arizona on the south, Colorado on the east, Wyoming on the northeast, Idaho on the north and Nevada on the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico.
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War Office
The War Office was a department of the British Government, responsible for the administration of the British Army between the 17th century and 1963, when its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Defence. The name "War Office" is also often given to the former home of the department, the Old War Office Building on Horse Guards Avenue, London.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
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Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is mostly covered by the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains. While the tenth largest U.S. state by area, Wyoming is the least populous, with a U.S. Census estimated population of 544,270 in 2009. This is a 5.9% increase since 2000. The capital and the most populous city of Wyoming is Cheyenne.
http://wn.com/Wyoming
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Soldiers Of Allah (1924)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:17
- Published: 19 May 2008
- Updated: 25 Feb 2012
- Author: IfItIsAllahsWill
(Al Asr, Quran): In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful; By (the Token of) Time (through the ages), Verily Man is in loss, Except such as have Faith, and do righteous deeds, and (join together) in the mutual teaching of Truth, and of Patience and Constancy.
http://wn.com/Soldiers_Of_Allah_1924
Ballet Mécanique (1924)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:24
- Published: 08 Jul 2009
- Updated: 25 Feb 2012
- Author: pearlinyouroyster
Ballet Mécanique by Fernand Léger Music by Tom Verlaine and Jimmy Rip www.polanegri.com
http://wn.com/Ballet_Mécanique_1924
Ballet mecanique (1924) Fernand Leger - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:30
- Published: 15 Oct 2007
- Updated: 26 Feb 2012
- Author: Andyfshito
Nice video, with nice sound. Part 1, Enjoy!!!!!
http://wn.com/Ballet_mecanique_1924_Fernand_Leger__Part_1
President Coolidge, 1st Presidential Film (1924)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Published: 06 Sep 2007
- Updated: 25 Feb 2012
- Author: PeaceThroughStrength
The first presidential film with sound recording.
http://wn.com/President_Coolidge,_1st_Presidential_Film_1924
Waxworks (1924) 1/9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Published: 03 Jan 2008
- Updated: 24 Feb 2012
- Author: silentfilmdemocracy
Directed by: Paul Leni & Leo Birinski Emil Jannings - Harun al-Rashid, Caliph of Baghdad Conrad Veidt - Ivan the Terrible Werner Krauss - Jack the Ripper/Spring-heeled Jack William Dieterle - The Poet The owner of a waxworks ask a young writer to create a back story for three of the museums most popular attractions: the wax figures of an exuberant late 8th century Persian caliph, Harun al-Rashid, the tyrannical Russian Tzar Ivan the Terrible, and Victorian legend, Spring-heeled Jack (also referred to, confusingly, as Jack the Ripper in the film, although the two are not one and the same). An intriguing example of German Expressionism.
http://wn.com/Waxworks_1924_1/9
Snow Motor - 1924
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Published: 01 Apr 2009
- Updated: 09 Feb 2012
- Author: KrazyInsaneClips
the fordson snow motor built in 1924
http://wn.com/Snow_Motor__1924
Ballet mecanique (1924) Fernand Leger - Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:40
- Published: 15 Oct 2007
- Updated: 27 Feb 2012
- Author: Andyfshito
Nice video, with nice sound. Part 2, Enjoy!!!!!
http://wn.com/Ballet_mecanique_1924_Fernand_Leger__Part_2
Felix the Cat - Felix Dopes It Out - 1924
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:25
- Published: 12 Mar 2007
- Updated: 26 Feb 2012
- Author: DrTravisto
Felix tries helping a depressed clown. DISCLAIMER: The classic black and white Felix the Cat Cartoons are under Public Domain, meaning they are out for the public to use, So it is not Violating any Copyright law when I upload them on here.
http://wn.com/Felix_the_Cat__Felix_Dopes_It_Out__1924
![Sherlock Jr [ Buster Keaton ] 1924](http://web.archive.org./web/20120315114142im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pRwl8OpUbWU/0.jpg "Sherlock Jr [ Buster Keaton ] 1924")
Sherlock Jr [ Buster Keaton ] 1924
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:01
- Published: 29 Jan 2011
- Updated: 27 Feb 2012
- Author: Anosodiaphorie
Sherlock, Jr. (1924) is an American comedy silent film starring and directed by Buster Keaton and written by Clyde Bruckman, Jean Havez and Joseph A. Mitchell. It features Kathryn McGuire, Joe Keaton and Ward Crane.[1] In 1991, Sherlock, Jr. was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant," and on June 14, 2000 the American Film Institute, as part of its AFI 100 Years... series, ranked the film as #62 in the list of the funniest films of all time (AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs). A movie projectionist and janitor (Buster Keaton) who is studying to become a detective is in love with a beautiful girl (Kathryn McGuire). On a date he presents her with chocolates and an engagement ring. However, there is another man who's also interested in his girl (Ward Crane). One day he is accused of stealing his girlfriend's father's watch. He falls asleep on the job and dreams that he is a Sherlock Holmes-type detective, solving the case of who stole a valuable pearl necklace. Buster Keaton as Projectionist Kathryn McGuire as The Girl Joe Keaton as Her Father Erwin Connelly as The butler/handyman Ward Crane as The sheik/villain Keaton spent more time shooting this film than most of his others, due to the elaborate stunts and effects. Keaton was also injured while filming one of the stunts in which he hangs from a tube connected to a water tower used for replenishing the <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Jr_ _Buster_Keaton_ _1924
Haka History Behind ALL BLACK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:31
- Published: 19 Jul 2006
- Updated: 27 Feb 2012
- Author: Tranquillizer
ever wondored what is haka dance? what is its history? why and when it started? different changes by the passage of time in haka dance? all you questions answered here in this video.
http://wn.com/Haka_History_Behind_ALL_BLACK
Snow Vehicle 1924
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:10
- Published: 08 Apr 2010
- Updated: 23 Feb 2012
- Author: MrBeeblebroxx
Snow Vehicle 1924
http://wn.com/Snow_Vehicle_1924
La Bella Cubana ( Edison recording 1924)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:56
- Published: 08 Aug 2007
- Updated: 15 Feb 2012
- Author: albertdiner
An experimental recording in 1924 by Thomas Alva Edison. "La bella Cubana - habanera (1924) "La Bella Cubana ‐ José White (composer) José Silvestre de los Dolores White Lafitte (1835‐1918) was such a fine violinist that they called him 'el Paganini cubano' (the Cuban Paganini). José White, violinist and com‐ poser, was an African‐American Cuban, partly of Haitian background. He was such a fine violinist, that he was compared favorably with his contemporaries Weinawski, Viewtemps, and Ole Bull (a great Norwegian violinist). White was famous in Europe, especially in Paris, and performed in New York and Boston as well on a Stradivarius violin. He was a friend of the famous Afro‐American musician Gottschalk of Louisiana. Despite the prejudices of the times, José White was a student of and then an assistant to the great violin teacher Delphin Alard in the 1860s at the Paris Conservatoire; he also married a French Countess. José White wrote a lot of violin music, including a concerto for violin and the song La Bella Cubana, which became his most famous work and the most popular Cuban song after the National Anthem. The middle section of La Bella Cubana is a Cuban zapateado. From about 1870 to the1970s his concerto was lost. Finally, it was found at the Paris Conser‐ vatoire and was premiered first by Ruggiero Ricci, then by Aaron Rosand with the New York Philharmonic, and then in 1976 by Maestro Luís Haza at Catholic University in Wash‐ ington, DC. Maestro Luís Haza, who heard <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/La_Bella_Cubana__Edison_recording_1924
1924 Winter Olympics - Figure Skating Sonja Henie and Gillis Grafstrom
....and more!!! A very RARE glimpse at the early days of Figure Skating. This is actually the official Figure skating film of the 1924 Winter Olympic Games from Chamonix, France. It was made by Jean de Rovera and is thought to be the first commercially available film of the Olympic Games. There's some speed skating to start and this is followed by Sonja Henie, Herma Plank-Szabo, Gillis Grafstrom, Willy Bockl, Helene Engelmann and Alfred Berger and Charles Sabouret who finished 9th in pairs at this event with Simone Sabouret. I'm not sure if they were married or siblings - probably the latter. It's brief I know and apart from the footage of Henie, which has been featured in various documentaries, the rest has been unseen for many years. I hope you enjoy this precious glimpse into the past.
http://wn.com/1924_Winter_Olympics__Figure_Skating_Sonja_Henie_and_Gillis_Grafstrom
Congress, 1924: Rep. Demands Horses Wear Dresses To Hide Foul Penises
In June 1924 Representative Oliver Shaker (D) condemned government inaction on the issue of publicly exposed horse penis and proposed a law which would federallyr equire horses to wear modesty dresses.
http://wn.com/Congress,_1924_Rep_Demands_Horses_Wear_Dresses_To_Hide_Foul_Penises
"Somebody Stole My Gal" (Ted Weems, 1924)
Here's the theme song (instrumental) of one of the early Jazz Age's finest combos, the Ted Weems Orchestra. More on Ted, the band and the tune from Wiki: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Wilfred Theodore (Ted) Weems (originally Wemyes) (26 September 1901 - 6 May 1963) was a United States bandleader and musician. Born in Pitcairn, Pennsylvania, Weems learned to play the violin and trombone. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he and his brother Art organized a small dance band. Going professional in 1923, Weems toured for the MCA Corporation, recording for several years on Victor Records. Somebody Stole My Gal became the band's first #1 hit in early 1924. Weems moved to Chicago with his band around 1928. The Ted Weems Orchestra had more chart success in 1929 with the novelty song "Piccolo Pete", and the #1 hit The Man from the South. The band gained popularity in the 1930s, making regular radio broadcasts. These included Jack Benny's Canada Dry program on NBC during the early 1930s, and the Fibber McGee & Molly program in the late 1930s. In 1936, the Ted Weems Orchestra gave singer Perry Como his first national exposure; Como recorded with the band (on Decca Records), beginning his long and successful career. Among Weems' other discoveries were whistler-singer Elmo Tanner, sax player and singer Red Ingle, Marilyn Maxwell, who left the band for an acting career, and arranger Joe Haymes, who created the band's unique jazz-novelty style. During World War II, Ted Weems enlisted <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Somebody_Stole_My_Gal_Ted_Weems,_1924
1924 Model T Ford- Teaching me to drive the thing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:28
- Published: 10 Mar 2008
- Updated: 25 Feb 2012
- Author: dallasdoll
my dad takes her for a spin at first.. then watch him yell at me while i am trying to drive the 1924 Model T Ford (3.30 minute mark).. it aint easy, folks... the pedals are NOT where you think they should be....
http://wn.com/1924_Model_T_Ford_Teaching_me_to_drive_the_thing
COMMUNIST MONGOLIA 1924-1990
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 18 Aug 2009
- Updated: 17 Feb 2012
- Author: MongolGenghis
In 1924, after the death of the religious leader and king Bogd Khan, a Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed with support from the Soviet Union. In 1928, Khorloogiin Choibalsan rose to power. He instituted collectivisation of livestock, the destruction of Buddhist monasteries and the Mongolia's enemies of the people persecution resulting in the murder of monks and other people. In Mongolia during the 1920s, approximately one third of the male population were monks. By the beginning of the 20th century about 750 monasteries were functioning in Mongolia.[12] The Stalinist purges in Mongolia beginning in 1937, affected the Republic as it left more than 30000 people dead. Japanese imperialism became even more alarming after the invasion of neighboring Manchuria in 1931. During the Soviet-Japanese Border War of 1939, the Soviet Union successfully defended Mongolia against Japanese expansionism. In August 1945 Mongolian forces also took part in the Soviet Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation in Inner Mongolia. The Soviet threat of seizing parts of Inner Mongolia[citation needed] induced China to recognize Outer Mongolia's independence, provided that a referendum was held. The referendum took place on October 20, 1945, with (according to official numbers) 100% of the electorate voting for independence. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, both countries confirmed their mutual recognition on October 6, 1949. In January 26, 1952, Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/COMMUNIST_MONGOLIA_1924-1990
Entr' acte (1924, Rene Clair)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:50
- Published: 19 Dec 2010
- Updated: 25 Feb 2012
- Author: Supercinema77
Antrakt // Entr'acte Entr'acte (1924) is a short film directed by René Clair, which premiered as an entr'acte for the Ballets Suédois production Relâche at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris. Relâche is based on a book and with settings by Francis Picabia, produced by Rolf de Maré, and with choreography by Jean Börlin. The music for both the ballet and the film was composed by Erik Satie. Director: René Clair Writers: Francis Picabia (screenplay), René Clair (adaptation) Stars: Jean Börlin, Inge Frïss and Francis Picabia www.imdb.com
http://wn.com/Entr'_acte_1924,_Rene_Clair
BJ Palmer Adjusting in 1924
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Published: 27 May 2008
- Updated: 24 Feb 2012
- Author: ExpandingPractice
Here BJ Palmer is adjusting in 1924. This is a great video. Since the orginial video was silient, commentary has been added to the video to give history of BJ.
http://wn.com/BJ_Palmer_Adjusting_in_1924
1924 Harley Motorcycle - Running & Smoking from caimag.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Published: 29 Mar 2009
- Updated: 14 Feb 2012
- Author: buzzkanter
American Iron Magazine's Buzz Kanter gets his 85 year old Harley running after sitting for years. Looks good and sounds great for such an antique motorcycle. See www.caimag.com for more info
http://wn.com/1924_Harley_Motorcycle__Running_Smoking_from_caimagcom
René Clair - Entr'acte (1924) - Part 2/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:03
- Published: 15 Oct 2009
- Updated: 16 Feb 2012
- Author: VegetativeHorse
In his search for "pure" cinema, René Clair followed the Dadaist approaches of photomontage (as advocated by John Heartfield—a technique which involved "the meeting place of a thousand spaces"), and the random (as advocated by Tristan Tzara). True to those premises, Clair juxtaposed images and events as disparate as a chess game played by Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, a cannon ignited by Erik Satie and Francis Picabia, a funeral where the coat of arms bearing the initials of Satie and Picabia was displayed, a ballerina, a sniper, inflatable balloon heads, the Luna Park rollercoaster, etc. These events were shot from a number of angles (including the ballerina from below through a plate of glass), and at varying speeds (from Satie and Picabia jumping toward the cannon in slow motion to the funeral procession racing off at the speed of the Keystone cops). While the images stressed the content as play, the director stressed the style as playfulness. Through his film Clair invoked the entire catalogue of available cinematic techniques, abandoned the notion of narrative causality, and in true Dadaist style, espoused the overthrow of the bourgeois norm. The audience was assaulted with a series of non-related and often provocative images—from a "legless" man rising from his wagon and running away at full tilt, to a ballerina transformed into a bearded man—within a work which stressed the pleasure of inventing new spatial and temporal relations while provoking random laughter <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/René_Clair__Entr'acte_1924__Part_2/2
Charles Ives: 3 Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924) - I. Largo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 08 Mar 2007
- Updated: 20 Feb 2012
- Author: BofferBings
The piano on the left is tuned one-quarter tone down, providing notes in-between the notes of the normally tuned piano. Performed by the Paratore brothers.
http://wn.com/Charles_Ives_3_Quarter-Tone_Pieces_1924__I_Largo
KETC | Living St. Louis | Remembering Stan Kann
From KETC, LIVING ST. LOUIS Producer Patrick Murphy looks back at the life and legacy of Stan Kann—the talented musician behind the Wurlitzer Organ at the Fox Theatre. Kann passed away in October of 2008 after playing the pipe organ for more than 22 years. He also appeared on the Tonight Show numerous times with his extensive collection of restored vacuum cleaners, including some of the first models ever made.
http://wn.com/KETC_|_Living_St_Louis_|_Remembering_Stan_Kann
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Creative Commons / Movieevery![Homestake Mine is located in the new berry Mountains near Searchlight, Nevada and is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places[2] for activities between 1850 and 1924.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120315114142im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/41/0b/d188df6754fe75ef3d0e42add09d_small.jpg "Homestake Mine is located in the new berry Mountains near Searchlight, Nevada and is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places[2] for activities between 1850 and 1924.")
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![Homestake Mine is located in the new berry Mountains near Searchlight, Nevada and is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places[2] for activities between 1850 and 1924.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120315114142/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/41/0b/d188df6754fe75ef3d0e42add09d_medium.jpg "Homestake Mine is located in the new berry Mountains near Searchlight, Nevada and is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places[2] for activities between 1850 and 1924.")
photo: WN / Marzena
24 Feb 2012
Updated: February 23, 2012 8:04PM Lest I be accused of painting a false image of my family life, one that consists of reading Tolstoy aloud and studying Latin, let me be clear: We do our share of...
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The Examiner
On March 14, 1924, the last guest checked out of The Sawyer House in Stillwater, Minn. The Sawyer House originally opened in 1848, before Minnesota even became a territory. In fact, The Sawyer House was just the second hotel built in what would soon become the Minnesota Territory. The hotel, which...(size: 5.6Kb)
March 10th, 1924
10 Mar 2012
Irish Times
FROM THE ARCHIVES:�The "Army Mutiny" in 1924 was caused by the reduction from 55,000 to 18,000 in the strength of the Defence Forces following the Civil War, and the grievances of ex-IRA men who felt they were overlooked for promotion. This report tried to piece together what was happening. - JOE...(size: 2.9Kb)
Angela Burmeister, 1924-2012
09 Mar 2012
Chicago Tribune
By the time Angela Burmeister bowled a full game for the first time, she was 31 years old and had lost her sight to a hereditary degenerative eye disease. "The deal before we got married was that she would learn how to bowl and I'd learn how to polka dance," said her husband of 56 years, Wally, who...(size: 3.5Kb)
The Columbus Dispatch
Religion Blog...(size: 2.6Kb)
Millie Jean Ceynar-Wold 1924-2012
26 Feb 2012
The Sidney Herald
Millie Jean Ceynar-Wold, 87, formerly of rural Arnegard, N.D., most recently of Good Shepherd Nursing Home, Watford City, N.D.,...(size: 0.9Kb)
Chikage Awashima, 1924 - 2012
16 Feb 2012
IMDb
Chikage Awashima and Kazuo Hasegawa in Zangiku Monogatari (1956) "Chikage Awashima, an actress known internationally for her work with Yasujiro...(size: 1.0Kb)
Jean Allard, 1924-2012
03 Feb 2012
Chicago Tribune
Jean Allard was the first female partner at the law firm of Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal and, along with former...(size: 0.8Kb)
__NOTOC__
Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
January 10 – The British submarine ''L-34'' sinks in the English Channel; 43 are killed.
January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots a man he erroneously thinks is the police commissioner of Calcutta (Charles Augustus Tegart); he is arrested soon after.
January 21 – Following the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin immediately begins to purge his rivals to clear the way for his leadership.
January 22 – Ramsay MacDonald becomes the first Labour Prime Minister.
January 23 – The Soviet Union officially declares that Lenin died January 21.
January 25 – The 1924 Winter Olympics open in Chamonix, France (in the French Alps).
January 26 – Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) is renamed Leningrad.
January 27 – Lenin is buried in Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square.
February 1 – The United Kingdom recognizes the Soviet Union.
February 5 – GMT: A radio time signal is broadcast for the first time from the Royal Greenwich Observatory.
February 7 – Death penalty: The first state execution using gas in the United States takes place in Nevada.
February 12 – ''Rhapsody in Blue'', by George Gershwin, is first performed in New York City at Aeolian Hall.
February 14 – ''IBM'' is founded in New York State.
February 16–February 26 – Dock strikes break out in various U.S. harbors.
February 22 – Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to deliver a radio broadcast from the White House.
March 3 – The 1,400-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdul Mejid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk.
March 6 – İsmet İnönü forms a new government in Turkey. (2nd government)
March 8 – The Castle Gate mine disaster kills 172 coal miners in Utah, United States.
March 9 – Italy annexes Fiume.
March 25 – Greece proclaims itself a republic.
March 29 – The Third Ministry of Raymond Poincaré starts in France.
April 1
* Adolf Hitler is sentenced to 5 years in jail for his participation in the Beer Hall Putsch (he serves only 8 months).
* The first revenue flight for Belgium's ''SABENA Airlines'' takes place.
April 6 – Fascists win the elections in Italy with a ⅔ majority.
April 13
* A referendum in Greece favors the formation of the Hellenic Republic.
* The ''A.E.K.'' is founded in Greece.
April 16 – American media company ''Metro Goldwyn Mayer'' (''MGM'') is founded in Los Angeles, California.
April 26 – Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrates his "death ray" in London but fails to convince the British War Office.
April 27 – A group of Alawites kill some Christian nuns in Syria; French troops march against them.
April 28 – An explosion in the mine of the Wheeling Steel Corporation in Benwood, West Virginia kills 119 men.
May 3 – The Aleph Zadik Aleph, the oldest Jewish youth fraternity, is founded in Omaha, Nebraska.
May 4 – The 1924 Summer Olympics opening ceremonies are held in Paris, France.
May 10 – J. Edgar Hoover is appointed head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
May 11 – ''Mercedes-Benz'' is formed by the merging companies owned by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz.
May 21 – University of Chicago students Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, Jr. murder 14-year-old Bobby Franks in a thrill killing.
May 24 – The Immigration Act of 1924 was signed into law in the United States, including the Asian Exclusion Act.
June 1 – Harry Grindell Matthews returns from Paris to London; he tries to use a ''Pathé'' film to demonstrate that his death ray works.
June 2 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.
June 5 – Ernst Alexanderson sends the first facsimile across the Atlantic Ocean (to his father in Sweden).
June 8 – George Mallory and Andrew Irvine are last seen "going strong for the top" of Mount Everest by teammate Noel Odell at 12:50 P.M. The two mountaineers are never seen alive again.
June 10 – Fascists kidnap and kill Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
June 12 – Rondout Heist: Six men of the Egan's Rats gang rob a mail train in Rondout, Illinois; the robbery is later found to have been an inside job.
June 16 – Whampoa Military Academy is founded in China.
June 23 – American airman Russell L. Maughan flies from New York to San Francisco in 21 hours and 48 minutes on a dawn-to-dusk flight in a Curtiss pursuit.
June 28 – A tornado touches down in Lorain, Ohio and kills 78 people.
July 17 – Voting in federal elections becomes compulsory in Australia, after a private member's bill proposed by Tasmanian Nationalist senator Herbert Payne results in the passing of the Commonwealth Electoral (Compulsory Voting) Act 1924.
July 20 – The Soviet sports newspaper ''Sovetskiy Sport'' is founded.
August – The Dawes Plan is accepted.
August 18 – France begins to withdraw its troops from Germany.
August 28 – Georgia rises against the Soviet Union in an abortive rebellion, in which several thousands die.
September 9
* The Hanapepe Massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.
* The 8-hour work day is introduced in Belgium.
September 9–September 11 – The Kohat riots break out in India.
September 28 – U.S. Army pilots John Harding and Erik Nelson complete the first round-the-world flight. It takes them 175 days and 74 stops before they finally returned to Seattle.
October 2 – The Geneva Protocol is adopted by the League of Nations Assembly as a means to strengthen the League, but later fails to be ratified.
October 10 – The Alpha Delta Gamma Fraternity is founded at the Lake Shore Campus of Loyola University, Chicago.
October 12–October 15 – Zeppelin LZ-126 makes a transatlantic delivery flight from Friedrichshafen, Germany, to Lakehurst, New Jersey.
October 19 – Abdul Aziz declares himself protector of holy places in Mecca.
October 22 – The Toastmasters Club is founded.
October 24
* The British Foreign Office publishes the Zinoviev Letter.
* Dixie Dean scores a hat-trick for Tranmere Rovers to become the youngest ever player to score three goals for The Superwhites.
October 25 – British authorities in India arrest Subhas Chandra Bose and jail him for the next 2½ years.
October 27 – The Uzbek SSR joins the Soviet Union.
November 4
* Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming is elected as the first woman governor in the United States.
* U.S. presidential election, 1924: Republican Calvin Coolidge defeats Democrat John W. Davis and Progressive Robert M. LaFollette, Sr.
November 19 – In Los Angeles, California, famous silent film director Thomas Ince ("The Father of the Western") dies, reportedly of a heart attack, in his bed (rumors soon surface that he was shot dead by publishing tycoon William Randolph Hearst).
November 21 – Ali Fethi Okyar forms new government in Turkey. (3rd government)
November 27 – In New York City the first Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is held.
December 1
* A communist coup attempt fails in Estonia.
* George Gershwin's ''Lady Be Good'' and ''Fascinating Rhythm'' (book by Guy Bolton and Fred Thompson, lyrics by Ira Gershwin) premiere in New York, NY.
December 19 – German serial killer Fritz Haarmann is sentenced to death for a series of murders.
December 24
* An air crash at Croydon Air Field in London kills 8.
* Albania becomes a republic.
* A flash fire at a Christmas celebration in a one-room schoolhouse in Babbs, Oklahoma kills 36 people, mostly small children.
December 30 – Astronomer Edwin Hubble announces that Andromeda, previously believed to be a nebula, is actually another galaxy, and that the Milky Way is only one of many such galaxies in the universe.
International Union of Official Organizations for Tourist Propaganda.
The powerful opiate hydromorphone is developed in Germany.
Earl W. Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist, designs and makes rodeo's first one-hand bareback rigging at Stirling, Alberta Canada.
Alice Vanderbilt Morris, a wealthy heiress, founds the International Auxiliary Language Association in New York
André Breton defines surrealism as "pure psychic automatism" in the first Surrealist Manifesto.
U.S. bootleggers begin to use Thompson submachine guns.
The Earth Inductor Compass is invented in New York City.
January 1 – Roberts Blossom, American actor and poet
January 3 – Hank Stram, American football coach and broadcaster (d. 2005)
January 4 – Walter Ris, American freestyle swimmer
January 6 – Earl Scruggs, American musician
January 7 – Geoffrey Bayldon, British actor
January 8 – Ron Moody, British actor
January 10 – Max Roach, American percussionist, drummer, and composer (d. 2007)
January 11
* Roger Guillemin, French neuroendocrinologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Sam B. Hall, American politician (d. 1994)
* Slim Harpo, American musician (d. 1970)
January 12 – Olivier Gendebien, Belgian race car driver (d. 1998)
January 13 – Roland Petit, French choreographer/dancer (d. 2011)
January 16 – Katy Jurado, Mexican actress (d. 2002)
January 19 – Jean-Francois Revel, French author (d. 2006)
January 21 – Benny Hill, English comedian and singer (d. 1992)
January 23 – Frank Lautenberg, the senior United States Senator from New Jersey
January 25 – Speedy West, American Musician (d. 2003)
January 26 – Annette Strauss, American philanthropist and mayor of Dallas, Texas (d. 1998)
January 27 – Sabu, Indian actor (d. 1963)
January 28 – Betty Tucker, American female baseball player
January 29 – Luigi Nono, Italian composer (d. 1990)
January 30 – Lloyd Alexander, American writer (d. 2007)
February 2 – Elfi von Dassanowsky, Austrian-born producer and musician (d. 2007)
February 4
* Dorothy Harrell, American female professional baseball player
* Janet Waldo, American actress
February 7 – Hattie Jacques, English actress (d. 1980)
February 9 – George Guest, Welsh choral conductor (d. 2002)
February 14 – Juan Ponce Enrile, Filipino Politician
February 17 – Margaret Truman, American novelist and only child of U.S. President Harry S. Truman and Bess Truman (d. 2008)
February 19 – Lee Marvin, American actor (d. 1987)
February 20
* Gerson Goldhaber, American particle physicist and astrophysicist
* Gloria Vanderbilt, American cosmetics entrepreneur
February 21 – Robert Mugabe, first Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
February 23 – Allan McLeod Cormack, South African physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
February 26 – Noboru Takeshita, Japanese politician (d. 2000)
February 29 – Al Rosen, American baseball player
March 1 – Deke Slayton, American astronaut (d. 1993)
March 3
* John Woodnutt, British actor (d. 2006)
* Tomiichi Murayama, former Prime Minister of Japan
March 3 – Lilian Velez, Filipino actress (d. 1948)
March 4 – Kenneth O'Donnell, aide to U.S. President John F. Kennedy (d. 1977)
March 7 – Kōbō Abe, Japanese novelist (d. 1993)
March 15 – Walter Gotell, German actor (d. 1997)
March 24 – Norman Fell, American actor (d. 1998)
March 27
* Sarah Vaughan, American jazz singer (d. 1990)
* Herbert Zangs, German artist
March 28 – Freddie Bartholomew, British actor (d. 1992)
March 30 – Alan Davidson, British author (d. 2003)
April 1 – Brendan Byrne, Governor of New Jersey
April 3
* Doris Day, American singer and actress
* Marlon Brando, American actor (d. 2004)
* Errol Brathwaite, New Zealand author (d. 2005)
* Josephine Pullein-Thompson, British author
April 4 – Gil Hodges, American baseball player (d. 1972)
April 6 – Jimmy Roberts, American singer (d. 1999)
April 7 – Johannes Mario Simmel, Austrian writer (d. 2009)
April 12 – Raymond Barre, French politician and Prime Minister (d. 2007)
April 14 – Philip Stone, English actor (d. 2003)
April 15 – Sir Neville Marriner, English conductor and violinist
April 16 – Henry Mancini, American composer and arranger (d. 1994)
April 18
* Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown, American blues musician (d. 2005)
* Henry Hyde, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois (d. 2007)
April 19 – Al Balding, Canadian golfer (d. 2006)
April 20
* Leslie Phillips, English actor
* Nina Foch, Dutch-American actress (d. 2008)
April 23 – Bobby Rosengarden, American jazz drummer (d. 2007)
April 24 – Clement Freud, British writer, radio personality, and politician (d. 2009)
April 28 – Kenneth Kaunda, former President of Zambia
May 1
* Art Fleming, American television host and presenter (d. 1995)
* Gregoire Kayibanda, former President of Rwanda (d. 1976)
May 2 – Jamal Abro, Sindhi writer (d. 2004)
May 10 – Zahrad, Western Armenian poet (d. 2007)
May 11 – Antony Hewish, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics
May 12 – Tony Hancock, English comedian (d. 1968)
May 16 – Dawda Jawara, former President of the Gambia
May 18 – Priscilla Pointer, American actress
May 19 – Sandy Wilson, British composer
May 22 – Charles Aznavour, French singer, actor, and songwriter
May 24
* Vincent Cronin, British historical writer and biographer
* Maria Koepcke, German ornithologist (d. 1971)
May 29
* Lars Bo, Danish artist and writer (d. 1999)
* Lavonne [Pepper] Paire Davis, American female baseball player
June 1 – Dr. William Sloane Coffin, American clergyman (d. 2006)
June 2 – June Callwood, Canadian journalist, author & social activist (d. 2007)
June 3
* Ted Mallie, American radio and television announcer (d. 1999)
* Torsten Wiesel, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Herk Harvey, American film director (d. 1996)
June 4 – Dennis Weaver, American actor (d. 2006)
June 12 – George Herbert Walker Bush, 41st President of the United States
June 14 – James W. Black, British doctor (d. 2010)
June 15 – Ezer Weizman, 7th President of Israel (d. 2005)
June 17 – Charlotte Armstrong, American female baseball player (d. 2008)
June 18 – George Mikan, American basketball player (d. 2005)
June 20
* Chet Atkins, American country guitar player and producer (d. 2001)
* Audie Murphy, American World War II hero and actor (d. 1971)
June 24 – Brian Bevan, Australian rugby league footballer (d. 1991)
June 25 – Sidney Lumet, American film director (d. 2011)
June 27 – Bob Appleyard, English cricketer
June 29
* Flo Sandon's, Italian singer (d. 2006)
* Ezra Laderman, American composer
July 3
* S. R. Nathan, 6th president of Singapore
* Michael Barrington, British actor (d. 1988)
July 4 – Eva Marie Saint, American actress
July 5
* Niels Jannasch, Canadian historian and museum curator (d. 2001)
* Osman Lins, Brazilian novelist (d. 1978)
* János Starker, Hungarian cellist
July 11
* Brett Somers, (d. 2007)
* Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1971)
July 13
* Carlo Bergonzi, Italian tenor
* Johnny Gilbert, American game show announcer
July 15 – Makhmud Esambayev,(d. 2000)
July 19
* Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
* Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
July 20 – Lola Albright, American actress
July 21 – Don Knotts, American actor (d. 2006)
July 28 – Anne Braden, American civil rights activist (d. 2006)
July 29
* Robert Horton, American actor
* Lillian Faralla, American female professional baseball player
* Elizabeth Short (The Black Dahlia), American actress and murder victim (d. 1947)
August 1
* Georges Charpak, Ukrainian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
* King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
August 2
* Carroll O'Connor, American actor (d. 2001)
* James Baldwin, American author (d. 1987)
August 3 – Leon Uris, American writer (d. 2003)
August 7 – Kenneth Kendall, British newsreader and presenter
August 10 – Nancy Buckingham Sawyer (Christina Abbey, Erica Quest, Nancy John, Hilary London), British romance novelist.
August 12
* Derek Shackleton, English cricketer (d. 2007)
* Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, leader of Pakistan (d. 1988)
August 14 – Holger Juul Hansen, Danish actor
August 15
* Werner Abrolat, German actor (d. 1997)
* Robert Bolt, English writer (d. 1995)
August 16 – Inez Voyce, American female baseball player
August 17 – Evan S. Connell, Jr., American novelist, poet, and short story-writer
August 19 – Willard Boyle, Canadian physicist (d. 2011)
August 23 – Robert Solow, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
August 24
* Ahmadou Ahidjo, former President of Cameroon (d. 1989)
August 28 – Peggy Ryan, American actress (d. 2004)
August 29 – Consuelo Velázquez, Mexican songwriter (d. 2005)
August 30 – Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (d. 2004)
August 31 – Buddy Hackett, American comedian and actor (d. 2003)
September 2 – Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya
September 3 – Mary Grace Canfield, American actress
September 4
* Joan Aiken, English writer (d. 2004)
* Anita Snellman, Finnish painter (d. 2006)
September 5 – Paul Dietzel, College football coach
September 7 – Daniel Inouye, American politician who is the senior United States Senator from Hawaii and the President pro tempore of the United States Senate
September 8 – Mimi Parent, Canadian painter (d. 2005)
September 9
* Jane Greer, American actress (d. 2001)
* Rik Van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)
September 11
* Tom Landry, American football player and coach (d. 2000)
* Rudolf Vrba, escapee from Auschwitz (d. 2006)
September 13 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
September 14 – Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and author (d. 1994)
September 15 – Bobby Short, American entertainer (d. 2005)
September 16 – Lauren Bacall, American actress
September 19 – Don Harron, Canadian entertainer
September 20 – Hermann Buhl, Austrian mountaineer (d. 1957)
September 22
* Charles Keeping, English illustrator (d. 1988)
* Rosamunde Pilcher, English novelist
September 23 – Heinrich Schultz, Estonian cultural functionary
September 26 – Nina Bocharova, Soviet gymnast
September 27 – Bernard Waber, American children's author
September 30 – Truman Capote, American author (d. 1984)
October 1
* Jimmy Carter, President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
* William Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005)
October 2 – Ruby Stephens, American female baseball player (d. 1996)
October 8 – Alphons Egli, member of the Swiss Federal Council
October 10
* Margaret Fulton, Australian food writer
* Ed Wood, American filmmaker (d. 1978)
October 11 – Mal Whitfield, American athlete
October 13 – Moturu Udayam, Indian women's activist (d. 2002)
October 14
* José Arraño Acevedo, Chilean historian (d. 2009)
* Robert Webber, American actor (d. 1989)
October 15
* Mark Lenard, American actor (d. 1996)
* Lee Iacocca, American industrialist
October 21
* Celia Cruz, Cuban singer (d. 2003)
* Joyce Randolph, American actress
October 24 – Christine Glanville, English puppeteer (d. 1999)
October 25 – Billy Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
October 27 – Ruby Dee, American actress, poet, activist, journalist and second wife of Ossie Davis
November 1 – Suleyman Demirel, former President of Turkey
November 6 – Jeanette Schmid, famous German whistler (d. 2005)
November 9 – Robert Frank, Swiss Photographer
November 10 – Russell Johnson, American actor
November 11 – Evelyn Wawryshyn, Canadian professional baseball player
November 13 – Motoo Kimura, Japanese population geneticist (d. 1994)
November 19 – William Russell, British actor
November 20 – Benoît Mandelbrot, Polish-born mathematician (d. 2010)
November 23 – Anita Linda, Filipino actress
November 24
* Mel Patton, American athlete
* Joanne Winter, American female professional baseball pitcher and LPGA player (d. 1996)
November 25 – Takaaki Yoshimoto, Japanese poet, critic, and philosopher.
November 28 – Dennis Brutus, South African poet and anti-Apartheid activist (d. 2009)
December 2 – Alexander M. Haig, Jr., American politician and former U.S. Secretary of State (d. 2010)
December 3 – Francisco Sionil José, Filipino novelist, Philippine National Artist for Literature
December 6 – Wally Cox, television and motion picture actor (d. 1973)
December 7
* Bent Fabric, Danish pianist and composer.
* Mario Soares, former President of Portugal
December 12
* Ed Koch, Mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989
* Robert Coogan, American actor (d. 1978)
December 13 – Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, 30th Prime Minister of Nepal (d. 2011)
December 17 – Margaret Wigiser, American female professional baseball player
December 23 – Bob Kurland, American basketball player
December 24 – Mohammed Rafi, Indian playback singer (d. 1980)
December 25
* Rod Serling, American television screenwriter (d. 1975)
* Atal Behari Vajpayee, tenth Prime Minister of India
* Moktar Ould Daddah, first President of Mauritania (d. 2003)
December 28 – Milton Obote, President of Uganda (d. 2005)
December 31
* Taylor Mead, American actor
* Frank J. Kelley, the 50th Michigan Attorney General
January 2 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English composer and novelist (b. 1834)
January 4 – John Peters, American 19th century baseball player (b. 1850)
January 13 – Georg Hermann Quincke, German physicist (b. 1834)
January 14 – Luther Emmett Holt, American pediatrician (b. 1855)
January 16 – Licerio Gerónimo, Filipino military leader (b. 1855)
January 21 – Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary and first Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1870)
January 24 – Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1894)
February 3 – Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1856)
February 17 – Henry Bacon, American architect (b. 1866)
March 9
* Panagiotis Danglis, Greek military leader and politician (b. 1853)
* Daniel Ridgway Knight, American artist (b. 1839)
March 22 – Louis Delluc, French film director (b. 1890)
March 24 – Prince Kwacho Hirotada of Japan (b. 1902)
March 29 – Charles Villiers Stanford, Irish composer, resident in England (b. 1852)
April 14 – Louis Sullivan, American architect (b. 1856)
April 21 – Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (b. 1858)
May 4 – E. Nesbit, English author (b. 1858)
May 15 – Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, French diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1852)
May 26 – Victor Herbert, Irish dramatist (b. 1859)
June 3 – Franz Kafka, Austrian author (''The Trial'') (b. 1883)
June 9 – George Mallory, English mountain climber (lost on Mount Everest) (b. 1886)
June 9 – Andrew Irvine, English mountain climber (lost on Mount Everest) (b. 1902)
June 11 – Théodore Dubois, French composer and teacher (b. 1837)
July 7 – Calvin Coolidge, Jr., son of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge (b. 1908)
July 14 – Isabella Ford, English socialist, feminist, trade unionist and writer (b. 1855)
July 14 – Isabella Stewart Gardner, American art collector and philanthropist (b. 1840)
July 23 – Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (b. 1860)
July 27 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist and composer (b. 1866)
August 3 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-born author (b. 1857)
August 7 – Bruce Grit, ex-slave and African-American historian
August 15 – Francis Knollys, 1st Viscount Knollys, British Private Secretary to King Edward VII. (b. 1837)
August 17 – Pavel Urysohn, Russian mathematician (b. 1898)
August 23 – Heinrich Berté, Austrian operetta composer (. 1858)
August 25 – Mariano Álvarez, Filipino general (b. 1818)
August 31 – Todor Aleksandrov, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1881)
September 6 – Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (b. 1868)
September 15 – Frank Chance, baseball player and manager (b. 1877)
October 12 – Anatole France, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1844)
October 29
* Frances Hodgson Burnett, Anglo-American writer (b. 1849)
* John Marden, Australian headmaster and pioneer of women's education (b. 1855)
November 4 – Gabriel Fauré, French composer (b. 1845)
November 9 – Henry Cabot Lodge, American politician (b. 1850)
November 10 – Sir Archibald Geikie, Scottish geologist (b. 1835)
November 19 – Thomas Ince, American film producer (b. 1882)
November 21 – Florence Kling Harding, First Lady of the U.S. (b. 1860)
November 29 – Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer (b. 1858)
December 2 – Kazimieras Būga, Lithuanian linguist (b. 1879)
December 6 – Gene Stratton-Porter, American author, screenwriter and naturalist (b. 1863)
December 13 – Samuel Gompers, American labor leader (b. 1850)
December 29 – Carl Spitteler, Swiss writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
December 31 – Sir Samuel William Knaggs, British civil servant (b. 1856)
Physics – Manne Siegbahn
Chemistry – Not awarded
Physiology or Medicine – Willem Einthoven
Literature – Władysław Stanisław Reymont
Peace – Not awarded
Events
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Date unknown
Births
January–February
March–April
May–June
July–August
September–October
November–December
Deaths
January–June
July–December
Nobel Prizes
References
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| Coordinates | 34°03′″N118°15′″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Calvin Coolidge |
| Office | 30th President of the United States |
| Vicepresident | Charles Dawes |
| Term start | August 2, 1923 |
| Term end | March 4, 1929 |
| Predecessor | Warren Harding |
| Successor | Herbert Hoover |
| Office2 | 29th Vice President of the United States |
| President2 | Warren Harding |
| Term start2 | March 4, 1921 |
| Term end2 | August 2, 1923 |
| Predecessor2 | Thomas Marshall |
| Successor2 | Charles Dawes |
| Order3 | 48th Governor of Massachusetts |
| Lieutenant3 | Channing Cox |
| Term start3 | January 2, 1919 |
| Term end3 | January 6, 1921 |
| Predecessor3 | Samuel McCall |
| Successor3 | Channing Cox |
| Office4 | 46th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts |
| Governor4 | Samuel McCall |
| Term start4 | January 6, 1916 |
| Term end4 | January 2, 1919 |
| Predecessor4 | Grafton Cushing |
| Successor4 | Channing Cox |
| Birth date | July 04, 1872 |
| Birth place | Plymouth, Vermont, U.S. |
| Death date | January 05, 1933 |
| Death place | Northampton, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Party | Republican Party |
| Spouse | Grace Goodhue |
| Children | JohnCalvin |
| Alma mater | Amherst College |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Congregationalism |
| Signature | C Coolidge signature.svg |
| Signature alt | Cursive signature in ink }} |
Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity. As a Coolidge biographer put it, "He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength." Some later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government. His reputation underwent a renaissance during the Ronald Reagan Administration, but the ultimate assessment of his presidency is still divided between those who approve of his reduction of the size of government programs and those who believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating and controlling the economy.
Birth and family history
John Calvin Coolidge, Jr., was born in Plymouth Notch, Windsor County, Vermont, on July 4, 1872, the only U.S. President to be born on Independence Day. He was the elder of the two children of John Calvin Coolidge, Sr. (1845–1926) and Victoria Josephine Moor (1846–1885). Coolidge's chronically ill mother died, perhaps from tuberculosis, when he was twelve years old. His sister, Abigail Grace Coolidge (1875–1890), died at the age of fifteen, when Coolidge was eighteen. Coolidge's father remarried in 1891, to a schoolteacher, and lived to the age of eighty. Coolidge senior engaged in many occupations, and ultimately enjoyed a statewide reputation as a prosperous farmer, storekeeper and public servant; he farmed, taught school, ran a local store, served in the Vermont House of Representatives and the Vermont Senate, and held various local offices including justice of the peace and tax collector. Coolidge's mother was the daughter of a Plymouth Notch farmer.Coolidge's family had deep roots in New England. His earliest American ancestor, John Coolidge, emigrated from Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, England, around 1630 and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts. Another ancestor, Edmund Rice, arrived at Watertown in 1638. Coolidge's great-great-grandfather, also named John Coolidge, was an American military officer in the Revolutionary War and one of the first selectmen of the town of Plymouth Notch. Most of Coolidge's ancestors were farmers. Other well-known Coolidges, architect Charles Allerton Coolidge, General Charles Austin Coolidge, and diplomat Archibald Cary Coolidge among them, were descended from branches of the family that had remained in Massachusetts. Coolidge's grandmother Sarah Almeda Brewer had two famous first cousins: Arthur Brown, a United States Senator, and Olympia Brown, a women's suffragist. It is through Sarah Brewer that Coolidge believed that he inherited American Indian blood, but this descent has never been established by modern genealogists.
Early career and marriage
Western Massachusetts lawyer
Coolidge attended Black River Academy and then Amherst College, where he joined the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. At his father's urging, Coolidge moved to Northampton, Massachusetts, after graduating to take up the practice of law. Avoiding the costly alternative of attending a law school, Coolidge followed the more common practice of the time, apprenticing with a local law firm, Hammond & Field, and reading law with them. John C. Hammond and Henry P. Field, both Amherst graduates, introduced Coolidge to the law practice in the county seat of Hampshire County. In 1897, Coolidge was admitted to the bar, becoming a country lawyer. With his savings and a small inheritance from his grandfather, Coolidge was able to open his own law office in Northampton in 1898. He practiced transactional law, believing that he served his clients best by staying out of court. As his reputation as a hard-working and diligent attorney grew, local banks and other businesses began to retain his services.
Marriage and family
In 1905, Coolidge met and married a fellow Vermonter, Grace Anna Goodhue, who was working as a teacher at the Clarke School for the Deaf. While Grace was watering flowers outside the school one day in 1903, she happened to look up at the open window of Robert N. Weir's boardinghouse and caught a glimpse of Calvin Coolidge shaving in front of a mirror with nothing on but long underwear and a hat. After a more formal introduction sometime later, the two were quickly attracted to each other. They were married on October 4, 1905, in the parlor of her parents' home in Burlington, Vermont.They were opposites in personality: she was talkative and fun-loving, while he was quiet and serious. Not long after their marriage, Coolidge handed her a bag with fifty-two pairs of socks in it, all of them full of holes. Grace's reply was "Did you marry me to darn your socks?" Without cracking a smile and with his usual seriousness, Calvin answered, "No, but I find it mighty handy." They had two sons: John, born in 1906, and Calvin, Jr., born in 1908. The marriage was, by most accounts, a happy one. As Coolidge wrote in his ''Autobiography'', "We thought we were made for each other. For almost a quarter of a century she has borne with my infirmities, and I have rejoiced in her graces."
Local political office
City offices
The Republican Party was dominant in New England in Coolidge's time, and he followed Hammond's and Field's example by becoming active in local politics. Coolidge campaigned locally for Republican presidential candidate William McKinley in 1896, and the next year he was selected to be a member of the Republican City Committee. In 1898, he won election to the City Council of Northampton, placing second in a ward where the top three candidates were elected. The position offered no salary, but gave Coolidge experience in the political world. In 1899, he declined renomination, running instead for City Solicitor, a position elected by the City Council. He was elected for a one-year term in 1900, and reelected in 1901. This position gave Coolidge more experience as a lawyer, and paid a salary of $600. In 1902, the city council selected a Democrat for city solicitor, and Coolidge returned to an exclusively private practice. Soon thereafter, however, the clerk of courts for the county died, and Coolidge was chosen to replace him. The position paid well, but barred him from practicing law, so he only remained at the job for one year. The next year, 1904, Coolidge met with his only defeat before the voters, losing an election to the Northampton school board. When told that some of his neighbors voted against him because he had no children in the schools he would govern, Coolidge replied "Might give me time!"
State legislator and mayor
In 1906 the local Republican committee nominated Coolidge for election to the state House of Representatives. He won a close victory over the incumbent Democrat, and reported to Boston for the 1907 session of the Massachusetts General Court. In his freshman term, Coolidge served on minor committees and, although he usually voted with the party, was known as a Progressive Republican, voting in favor of such measures as women's suffrage and the direct election of Senators. Throughout his time in Boston, Coolidge found himself allied primarily with the western Winthrop Murray Crane faction of the state Republican Party, as against the Henry Cabot Lodge-dominated eastern faction. In 1907, he was elected to a second term. In the 1908 session, Coolidge was more outspoken, but was still not one of the leaders in the legislature.
Instead of vying for another term in the State House, Coolidge returned home to his growing family and ran for mayor of Northampton when the incumbent Democrat retired. He was well liked in the town, and defeated his challenger by a vote of 1,597 to 1,409. During his first term (1910 to 1911), he increased teachers' salaries and retired some of the city's debt while still managing to effect a slight tax decrease. He was renominated in 1911, and defeated the same opponent by a slightly larger margin.
In 1911, the State Senator for the Hampshire County area retired and encouraged Coolidge to run for his seat for the 1912 session. He defeated his Democratic opponent by a large margin. At the start of that term, Coolidge was selected to be chairman of a committee to arbitrate the "Bread and Roses" strike by the workers of the American Woolen Company in Lawrence, Massachusetts. After two tense months, the company agreed to the workers' demands in a settlement the committee proposed. The other major issue for Republicans that year was the party split between the progressive wing, which favored Theodore Roosevelt, and the conservative wing, which favored William Howard Taft. Although he favored some progressive measures, Coolidge refused to leave the Republican party. When the new Progressive Party declined to run a candidate in his state senate district, Coolidge won reelection against his Democratic opponent by an increased margin.
The 1913 session was less eventful, and Coolidge's time was mostly spent on the railroad committee, of which he was the chairman. Coolidge intended to retire after the 1913 session, as two terms were the norm, but when the President of the State Senate, Levi H. Greenwood, considered running for Lieutenant Governor, Coolidge decided to run again for the Senate in the hopes of being elected as its presiding officer. Although Greenwood later decided to run for reelection to the Senate, he was defeated and Coolidge was elected, with Crane's help, as the President of a closely divided Senate. After his election in January 1914, Coolidge delivered a speech entitled ''Have Faith in Massachusetts'', which summarized his philosophy of government. It was later published in a book, and frequently quoted.
Coolidge's speech was well-received and he attracted some admirers on its account. Towards the end of the term, many of them were proposing his name for nomination to lieutenant governor. After winning reelection to the Senate by an increased margin in the 1914 elections, Coolidge was reelected unanimously to be President of the Senate. As the 1915 session ended, Coolidge's supporters, led by fellow Amherst alumnus Frank Stearns, encouraged him again to run for lieutenant governor. This time, he accepted their advice.
Lieutenant Governor
Coolidge entered the primary election for lieutenant governor and was nominated to run alongside gubernatorial candidate Samuel W. McCall. Coolidge was the leading vote-getter in the Republican primary, and balanced the Republican ticket by adding a western presence to McCall's eastern base of support. McCall and Coolidge won the 1915 election, with Coolidge defeating his opponent by more than 50,000 votes.Coolidge's duties as lieutenant governor were few; in Massachusetts, the lieutenant governor does not preside over the state Senate, although Coolidge did become an ''ex officio'' member of the governor's cabinet. As a full-time elected official, Coolidge no longer practiced law after 1916, though his family continued to live in Northampton. McCall and Coolidge were both reelected in 1916 and again in 1917 (At the time, both offices were held for one-year terms). When McCall decided that he would not stand for a fourth term, Coolidge announced his intention to run for governor.
Governor of Massachusetts
1918 election
Coolidge was unopposed for the Republican nomination for Governor of Massachusetts in 1918. He and his running mate, Channing Cox, a Boston lawyer and Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, ran on the previous administration's record: fiscal conservatism, a vague opposition to Prohibition, support for women's suffrage, and support for American involvement in World War I. The issue of the war proved divisive, especially among Irish- and German-Americans. Coolidge was elected by a margin of 16,773 votes over his opponent, Richard H. Long, in the smallest margin of victory of any of his state-wide campaigns.
Boston police strike
In 1919, in response to rumors that policemen of the Boston Police Department planned to form a union, Police Commissioner Edwin U. Curtis issued a statement saying that such a move would not be tolerated. In August of that year, the American Federation of Labor issued a charter to the Boston Police Union. Curtis said the union's leaders were insubordinate and planned to relieve them of duty, but said that he would suspend the sentence if the union was dissolved by September 4. The mayor of Boston, Andrew Peters, convinced Curtis to delay his action for a few days, but Curtis ultimately suspended the union leaders on September 8. The following day, about three-quarters of the policemen in Boston went on strike. Coolidge had observed the situation throughout the conflict, but had not yet intervened. That night and the next, there was sporadic violence and rioting in the lawless city. Peters, concerned about sympathy strikes, had called up some units of the Massachusetts National Guard stationed in the Boston area and relieved Curtis of duty. Coolidge, furious that the mayor had called out ''state'' guard units, finally acted. He called up more units of the National Guard, restored Curtis to office, and took personal control of the police force. Curtis proclaimed that all of the strikers were fired from their jobs, and Coolidge called for a new police force to be recruited.That night Coolidge received a telegram from AFL leader Samuel Gompers. "Whatever disorder has occurred", Gompers wrote, "is due to Curtis's order in which the right of the policemen has been denied …" Coolidge publicly answered Gompers's telegram with the response that would launch him into the national consciousness (quoted, above left). Newspapers across the nation picked up on Coolidge's statement and he became the newest hero to opponents of the strike. In the midst of the First Red Scare, many Americans were terrified of the spread of communist revolution, like those that had taken place in Russia, Hungary, and Germany. While Coolidge had lost some friends among organized labor, conservatives across the nation had seen a rising star. Although he usually acted with deliberation, the Boston police strike gave him a national reputation as a man who would take decisive action.
1919 election
Coolidge and Cox were renominated for their respective offices in 1919. By this time Coolidge's supporters (especially Stearns) had publicized his actions in the Police Strike around the state and the nation and some of Coolidge's speeches were published in book form. He faced the same opponent as in 1918, Richard Long, but this time Coolidge defeated him by 125,101 votes, more than seven times his margin of victory from a year earlier. His actions in the police strike, combined with the massive electoral victory, led to suggestions that Coolidge run for President in 1920.
Legislation and vetoes as governor
By the time Coolidge was inaugurated on January 2, 1919, the First World War had ended, and Coolidge pushed the legislature to give a $100 bonus to Massachusetts veterans. He also signed a bill reducing the work week for women and children from fifty-four hours to forty-eight, saying, "We must humanize the industry, or the system will break down." He signed into law a budget that kept the tax rates the same, while trimming four million dollars from expenditures, thus allowing the state to retire some of its debt.Coolidge also wielded the veto pen as governor. His most publicized veto was of a bill that would have increased legislators' pay by 50%. Although Coolidge was personally opposed to Prohibition, he vetoed a bill in May 1920 that would have allowed the sale of beer or wine of 2.75% alcohol or less, in Massachusetts in violation of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. "Opinions and instructions do not outmatch the Constitution," he said in his veto message, "Against it, they are void."
Vice Presidency
1920 election
At the 1920 Republican National Convention most of the delegates were selected by state party conventions, not primaries. As such, the field was divided among many local favorites. Coolidge was one such candidate, and while he placed as high as sixth in the voting, the powerful party bosses never considered him a serious candidate. After ten ballots, the delegates settled on Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio as their nominee for President. When the time came to select a Vice Presidential nominee, the party bosses had also made a decision on who they would nominate: Senator Irvine Lenroot of Wisconsin. A delegate from Oregon, Wallace McCamant, having read ''Have Faith in Massachusetts'', proposed Coolidge for Vice President instead. The suggestion caught on quickly, and Coolidge found himself unexpectedly nominated.The Democrats nominated another Ohioan, James M. Cox, for President and the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, for Vice President. The question of the United States joining the League of Nations was a major issue in the campaign, as was the unfinished legacy of Progressivism. Harding ran a "front-porch" campaign from his home in Marion, Ohio, but Coolidge took to the campaign trail in the Upper South, New York, and New England. On November 2, 1920, Harding and Coolidge were victorious in a landslide, winning every state outside the South. They also won in Tennessee, the first time a Republican ticket had won a Southern state since Reconstruction.
"Silent Cal"
The Vice-Presidency did not carry many official duties, but Coolidge was invited by President Harding to attend cabinet meetings, making him the first Vice President to do so. He gave speeches around the country, but none were especially noteworthy.As Vice-President, Coolidge and his vivacious wife Grace were invited to quite a few parties, where the legend of "Silent Cal" was born. It is from this time that most of the jokes and anecdotes involving Coolidge originate. Although Coolidge was known to be a skilled and effective public speaker, in private he was a man of few words and was therefore commonly referred to as "Silent Cal." A possibly apocryphal story has it that Dorothy Parker, seated next to him at a dinner, said to him, "Mr. Coolidge, I've made a bet against a fellow who said it was impossible to get more than two words out of you." His famous reply: "You lose." It was also Parker who, upon learning that Coolidge had died, reportedly remarked, "How can they tell?" Alice Roosevelt Longworth supposedly once commented that, "He looks as if he'd been weaned on a pickle." Coolidge often seemed uncomfortable among fashionable Washington society; when asked why he continued to attend so many of their dinner parties, he replied, "Got to eat somewhere."
As President, Coolidge's reputation as a quiet man continued. "The words of a President have an enormous weight," he would later write, "and ought not to be used indiscriminately." Coolidge was aware of his stiff reputation; indeed, he cultivated it. "I think the American people want a solemn ass as a President," he once told Ethel Barrymore, "and I think I will go along with them." However, he did hold a then-record number of presidential press conferences, 520 during his presidency. Some historians would later suggest that Coolidge's image was created deliberately as a campaign tactic, while others believe his withdrawn and quiet behavior to be natural, deepening after the death of his son in 1924.
Presidency 1923–1929
Succession to the Presidency
On August 2, 1923, President Harding died while on a speaking tour in California. Vice-President Coolidge was in Vermont visiting his family home, which had neither electricity nor a telephone, when he received word by messenger of Harding's death. Coolidge dressed, said a prayer, and came downstairs to greet the reporters who had assembled. His father, a notary public, administered the oath of office in the family's parlor by the light of a kerosene lamp at 2:47 am on August 3, 1923; Coolidge then went back to bed. Coolidge returned to Washington the next day, and was re-sworn by Justice Adolph A. Hoehling, Jr. of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, as there was some confusion over whether a state notary public had the authority to administer the presidential oath.
Finishing Harding's term
The nation did not know what to make of its new President; Coolidge had not stood out in the Harding administration and many had expected him to be replaced on the ballot in 1924. He appointed C. Bascom Slemp, a Virginia Congressman and experienced federal politician to work jointly with Edward T. Clark, a Massachusetts Republican organizer whom he retained from his vice presidential staff, as Secretaries to the President (a position equivalent to the modern White House Chief of Staff). Although many of Harding's cabinet appointees were scandal-tarred, Coolidge announced that he would not demand any of their resignations, believing that since the people had elected Harding, he should carry on Harding's presidency, at least until the next election.He addressed Congress when it reconvened on December 6, 1923, giving a speech that echoed many of Harding's themes, including immigration restriction and the need for the government to arbitrate the coal strikes then ongoing in Pennsylvania. Coolidge's speech was the first Presidential speech to be broadcast to the nation over the radio The Washington Naval Treaty was proclaimed just one month into Coolidge's term, and was generally well received in the country. In May 1924, the World War I veterans' World War Adjusted Compensation Act or "Bonus Bill" was passed over his veto. Coolidge signed the Immigration Act later that year, though he appended a signing statement expressing his unhappiness with the bill's specific exclusion of Japanese immigrants. Just before the Republican Convention began, Coolidge signed into law the Revenue Act of 1924, which decreased personal income tax rates while increasing the estate tax, and creating a gift tax to reinforce the transfer tax system.
1924 election
The Republican Convention was held from June 10–12, 1924 in Cleveland, Ohio; President Coolidge was nominated on the first ballot. The convention nominated Frank Lowden of Illinois for Vice President on the second ballot, but he declined by telegram. Former Brigadier General Charles G. Dawes, who would win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925, was nominated on the third ballot; he accepted.The Democrats held their convention from June 24 to July 9 in New York City. The convention soon deadlocked, and after 103 ballots, the delegates finally agreed on a compromise candidate, John W. Davis, with Charles W. Bryan nominated for Vice President. The Democrats' hopes were buoyed when Robert M. La Follette, Sr., a Republican Senator from Wisconsin, split from his party to form a new Progressive Party. Many believed that the split in the Republican party, like the one in 1912, would allow a Democrat to win the Presidency.
Shortly after the conventions Coolidge experienced a personal tragedy. Coolidge's younger son, Calvin, Jr., developed a blister from playing tennis on the White House courts. The blister became infected, and within days Calvin, Jr. developed sepsis and died. After that Coolidge became withdrawn. He later said that "when he died, the power and glory of the Presidency went with him." In spite of his sadness, Coolidge ran his conventional campaign; he never maligned his opponents (or even mentioned them by name) and delivered speeches on his theory of government, including several that were broadcast over radio. It was easily the most subdued campaign since 1896, partly because the President was grieving for his son, but partly because Coolidge's style was naturally non-confrontational. The other candidates campaigned in a more modern fashion, but despite the split in the Republican party, the results were very similar to those of 1920. Coolidge and Dawes won every state outside the South except for Wisconsin, La Follette's home state. Coolidge had a popular vote majority of 2.5 million over his opponents' combined total.
Industry and trade
During Coolidge's presidency the United States experienced the period of rapid economic growth known as the "Roaring Twenties". He left the administration's industrial policy in the hands of his activist Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover, who energetically used government auspices to promote business efficiency and develop airlines and radio. With the exception of favoring increased tariffs, Coolidge disdained regulation, and carried about this belief by appointing commissioners to the Federal Trade Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission who did little to restrict the activities of businesses under their jurisdiction. The regulatory state under Coolidge was, as one biographer described it, "thin to the point of invisibility."Coolidge's economic policy has often been misquoted as "generally speaking, the business of the American people is business" (full quotation at right). Some have criticized Coolidge as an adherent of the laissez-faire ideology, which they claim led to the Great Depression. On the other hand, historian Robert Sobel offers some context based on Coolidge's sense of federalism: "As Governor of Massachusetts, Coolidge supported wages and hours legislation, opposed child labor, imposed economic controls during World War I, favored safety measures in factories, and even worker representation on corporate boards. Did he support these measures while president? No, because in the 1920s, such matters were considered the responsibilities of state and local governments."
Taxation
Coolidge's taxation policy was that of his Secretary of the Treasury, Andrew Mellon: taxes should be lower and fewer people should have to pay them. Congress agreed, and the taxes were reduced in Coolidge's term. In addition to these tax cuts, Coolidge proposed reductions in federal expenditures and retiring some of the federal debt. Coolidge's ideas were shared by the Republicans in Congress, and in 1924 Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1924, which reduced income tax rates and eliminated all income taxation for some two million people. They reduced taxes again by passing the Revenue Acts of 1926 and 1928, all the while continuing to keep spending down so as to reduce the overall federal debt. By 1927, only the richest 2% of taxpayers paid any federal income tax. Although federal spending remained flat during Coolidge's administration, allowing one-fourth of the federal debt to be retired, state and local governments saw considerable growth, surpassing the federal budget in 1927.
Farm subsidies
Perhaps the most contentious issue of Coolidge's presidency was that of relief for farmers. Some in Congress proposed a bill designed to fight falling agricultural prices by allowing the federal government to purchase crops to sell abroad at lowered prices. Agriculture Secretary Henry C. Wallace and other administration officials favored the bill when it was introduced in 1924, but rising prices convinced many in Congress that the bill was unnecessary, and it was defeated just before the elections that year. In 1926, with farm prices falling once more, Senator Charles L. McNary and Representative Gilbert N. Haugen—both Republicans—proposed the McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Bill. The bill proposed a federal farm board that would purchase surplus production in high-yield years and hold it (when feasible) for later sale, or sell it abroad. Coolidge opposed McNary-Haugen, declaring that agriculture must stand "on an independent business basis," and said that "government control cannot be divorced from political control." He favored instead Herbert Hoover's proposal to modernize agriculture to create profits, instead of manipulating prices. Secretary Mellon wrote a letter denouncing the McNary-Haugen measure as unsound and likely to cause inflation, and it was defeated.After McNary-Haugen's defeat, Coolidge supported a less radical measure, the Curtis-Crisp Act, which would have created a federal board to lend money to farm co-operatives in times of surplus; the bill did not pass. In February 1927, Congress took up the McNary-Haugen bill again, this time narrowly passing it. Coolidge vetoed it. In his veto message, he expressed the belief that the bill would do nothing to help farmers, benefitting only exporters and expanding the federal bureaucracy. Congress did not override the veto, but passed the bill again in May 1928 by an increased majority; again, Coolidge vetoed it. "Farmers never have made much money," said Coolidge, the Vermont farmer's son, "I do not believe we can do much about it."
Flood control
Coolidge has often been criticized for his actions during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the worst natural disaster to hit the Gulf Coast until Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Although he did eventually name Secretary Hoover to a commission in charge of flood relief, Coolidge's lack of interest in federal flood control has been criticized. Coolidge did not believe that personally visiting the region after the floods would accomplish anything, but would be seen only as political grandstanding. He also did not want to incur the federal spending that flood control would require; he believed property owners should bear much of the cost. On the other hand, Congress wanted a bill that would place the federal government completely in charge of flood mitigation. When Congress passed a compromise measure in 1928, Coolidge declined to take credit for it and signed the bill in private on May 15.
Civil rights
Coolidge spoke out in favor of the civil rights of African Americans and Catholics. He appointed no known members of the Ku Klux Klan to office; indeed the Klan lost most of its influence during his term.In 1924, Coolidge responded to a letter that claimed the United States was a "white man's country":
On June 2, 1924, Coolidge signed the Indian Citizenship Act, which granted full U.S. citizenship to all American Indians, while permitting them to retain tribal land and cultural rights. However, the act was unclear on whether the federal government or the tribal leaders retained tribal sovereignty. Coolidge repeatedly called for anti-lynching laws to be enacted, but most Congressional attempts to pass this legislation were filibustered by Southern Democrats.
Coolidge appointed some African Americans to federal office. He retained Harding's choice of Walter L. Cohen of New Orleans, Louisiana, as the comptroller of customs and offered Cohen the post of minister to Liberia, which the businessman declined.
Foreign policy
left|thumb|Official White House portrait of Calvin CoolidgeAlthough not an isolationist, Coolidge was reluctant to enter into foreign alliances. Coolidge saw the landslide Republican victory of 1920 as a rejection of the Wilsonian idea that the United States should join the League of Nations. While not completely opposed to the idea, Coolidge believed the League, as then constituted, did not serve American interests, and he did not advocate membership in it. He spoke in favor of the United States joining the Permanent Court of International Justice, provided that the nation would not be bound by advisory decisions. The Senate eventually approved joining the Court (with reservations) in 1926. The League of Nations accepted the reservations, but suggested some modifications of their own. The Senate failed to act; the United States never joined the World Court.Coolidge's best-known initiative was the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, named for Coolidge's Secretary of State, Frank B. Kellogg, and French foreign minister Aristide Briand. The treaty, ratified in 1929, committed signatories including the U.S., the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan to "renounce war, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another." The treaty did not achieve its intended result the outlawry of war but did provide the founding principle for international law after World War II.
Coolidge continued the previous administration's policy not to recognize the Soviet Union. He also continued the United States' support for the elected government of Mexico against the rebels there, lifting the arms embargo on that country. He sent his close friend Dwight Morrow to Mexico as the American ambassador. Coolidge represented the U.S. at the Pan American Conference in Havana, Cuba, making him the only sitting U.S. President to visit the country. The United States' occupation of Nicaragua and Haiti continued under his administration, but Coolidge withdrew American troops from the Dominican Republic in 1924.
1928 Election
In the summer of 1927, Coolidge vacationed in the Black Hills of South Dakota, where he engaged in horseback riding and fly fishing and attended rodeos. He made Custer State Park his "summer White House". News coverage of Coolidge's time in the Black Hills soon increased tourism in the general region and promoted the popularity of Wind Cave National Park. While on vacation, Coolidge surprisingly issued his terse statement that he would not seek a second full term as President in 1928: "I do not choose to run for President in 1928." After allowing the reporters to take that in, Coolidge elaborated. "If I take another term, I will be in the White House till 1933 … Ten years in Washington is longer than any other man has had it—too long!" In his memoirs, Coolidge explained his decision not to run: "The Presidential office takes a heavy toll of those who occupy it and those who are dear to them. While we should not refuse to spend and be spent in the service of our country, it is hazardous to attempt what we feel is beyond our strength to accomplish." After leaving office, he and Grace returned to Northampton, where he wrote his memoirs. The Republicans retained the White House in 1928 in the person of Coolidge's Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover.Coolidge had been reluctant to choose Hoover as his successor; on one occasion he remarked that "for six years that man has given me unsolicited advice—all of it bad." Even so, Coolidge had no desire to split the party by publicly opposing the popular Commerce Secretary's nomination. The delegates did consider nominating Vice President Charles Dawes to be Hoover's running mate, but the convention selected Senator Charles Curtis instead.
Cabinet
Judicial appointments
Supreme Court
Coolidge appointed one Justice to the Supreme Court of the United States, Harlan Fiske Stone in 1925. Stone was Coolidge's fellow Amherst alumnus, a Wall Street lawyer and conservative Republican. Stone was serving as dean of Columbia Law School when Coolidge appointed him to be Attorney General in 1924 to restore the reputation tarnished by Harding's Attorney General, Harry M. Daugherty. Coolidge named Stone to the Supreme Court in 1925. Stone was later appointed Chief Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Other courts
Along with his Supreme Court appointment, Coolidge successfully nominated 17 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, and 61 judges to the United States district courts. He appointed judges to various specialty courts as well, including Genevieve R. Cline, who became the first woman named to the Federal judiciary when Coolidge placed her on the United States Customs Court in 1928. Coolidge also signed the Judiciary Act of 1925 into law, allowing the Supreme Court more discretion over its workload.
Retirement and death
After his presidency, Coolidge retired to his beloved Northampton home, "The Beeches," where he became a local fixture. He kept a Hacker runabout boat on the Connecticut River and was often observed on the water by local boating enthusiasts. During this period he also served as chairman of the non-partisan Railroad Commission, as honorary president of the American Foundation for the Blind, as a director of New York Life Insurance Company, as president of the American Antiquarian Society, and as a trustee of Amherst College. Coolidge received an honorary Doctor of Laws from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine.Coolidge published his autobiography in 1929 and wrote a syndicated newspaper column, "Calvin Coolidge Says," from 1930 to 1931. Faced with looming defeat in 1932, some Republicans spoke of rejecting Herbert Hoover as their party's nominee, and instead drafting Coolidge to run, but the former President made it clear that he was not interested in running again, and that he would publicly repudiate any effort to draft him, should it come about. Hoover was renominated, and Coolidge made several radio addresses in support of him.
He died suddenly of a heart attack at "The Beeches," at 12:45 pm, January 5, 1933. Shortly before his death, Coolidge confided to an old friend: "I feel I no longer fit in with these times."
Coolidge is buried beneath a simple headstone in Notch Cemetery, Plymouth Notch, Vermont, where the family home is maintained as one of the original buildings on the site, all of which comprise the Calvin Coolidge Homestead District. The State of Vermont dedicated a new visitors' center nearby to mark Coolidge's 100th birthday on July 4, 1972. Calvin Coolidge's "Brave Little State of Vermont speech" is memorialized in the Hall of Inscriptions at the Vermont State House in Montpelier, Vermont.
Radio, film, and commemorations
Despite his reputation as a quiet and even reclusive politician, Coolidge made use of the new medium of radio and made radio history several times while President. He made himself available to reporters, giving 529 press conferences, meeting with reporters more regularly than any President before or since.Coolidge's inauguration was the first presidential inauguration broadcast on radio. On December 6, 1923, he was the first President whose address to Congress was broadcast on radio. On February 22, 1924, he became the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio. Coolidge signed the Radio Act of 1927, which assigned regulation of radio to the newly created Federal Radio Commission.
On August 11, 1924, Lee De Forest filmed Coolidge on the White House lawn with DeForest's Phonofilm sound-on-film process, becoming the first President to appear in a sound film. The title of the DeForest film was ''President Coolidge, Taken on the White House Grounds''.
Coolidge was the only president to have his portrait on a coin during his lifetime, the Sesquicentennial of American Independence Half Dollar, minted in 1926. After his death he also appeared on a postage stamp, pictured below.
See also
Notes
References
Primary sources
Scholarly sources
Other
An academic conference on Coolidge was held July 30–31, 1998, at the John F. Kennedy Library to mark the 75th anniversary of his lantern-light homestead inaugural.
External links
Audio and video
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| Coordinates | 34°03′″N118°15′″N |
|---|---|
| name | Buster Keaton |
| birth name | Joseph Frank Keaton |
| birth date | October 04, 1895 |
| birth place | Piqua, Kansas, U.S. |
| death date | February 01, 1966 |
| death place | Woodland Hills, California, U.S. |
| other names | Joseph Francis Keaton |
| occupation | ActorDirectorProducerWriter |
| years active | 1898–1966 |
| spouse | Natalie Talmadge (1921–32)Mae Scriven (1933–36)Eleanor Norris (1940-66) (his death)}} |
Joseph Frank "Buster" Keaton (October 4, 1895 February 1, 1966) was an American comic actor, filmmaker, producer and writer. He was best known for his silent films, in which his trademark was physical comedy with a consistently stoic, deadpan expression, earning him the nickname "The Great Stone Face".
Keaton was recognized as the seventh-greatest director of all time by ''Entertainment Weekly''. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Keaton the 21st-greatest male star of all time. Critic Roger Ebert wrote of Keaton's "extraordinary period from 1920 to 1929, [when] he worked without interruption on a series of films that make him, arguably, the greatest actor-director in the history of the movies." Orson Welles stated that Keaton's ''The General'' is the greatest comedy ever made, the greatest Civil War film ever made, and perhaps the greatest film ever made. A 2002 worldwide poll by ''Sight & Sound'' ranked Keaton's ''The General'' as the 15th best film of all time. Three other Keaton films received votes in the magazine's survey: ''Our Hospitality'', ''Sherlock, Jr.'', and ''The Navigator''.
Early life in vaudeville
Keaton was born Joseph Frank Keaton into a vaudeville family. He was named "Joseph" to continue a tradition on his father's side—he was sixth in a line bearing the name Joseph Keaton—and "Frank" for his maternal grandfather, who disapproved of the parents' union. Later, Keaton changed his middle name to "Francis". His father was Joseph Hallie "Joe" Keaton, a native of Vigo County, Indiana. Joe Keaton owned a traveling show with Harry Houdini, the ''Mohawk Indian Medicine Company'', which performed on stage and sold patent medicine on the side. Buster Keaton was born in Piqua, Kansas, the small town where his mother, Myra Edith Cutler, happened to go into labor.According to a frequently-repeated story, which may be apocryphal, Keaton acquired the nickname "Buster" at about eighteen months of age. Keaton told interviewer Fletcher Markle that Harry Houdini happened to be present one day when the young Keaton took a tumble down a long flight of stairs without injury. After the infant sat up and shook off his experience, Houdini remarked, "That was a real buster!" According to Keaton, in those days, the word "buster" was used to refer to a spill or a fall that had the potential to produce injury. After this, it was Keaton's father who began to use the nickname to refer to the youngster. Keaton retold the anecdote over the years, including during a 1964 interview with the CBC's ''Telescope''.
At the age of three, Keaton began performing with his parents in ''The Three Keatons''. He first appeared on stage in 1899 in Wilmington, Delaware. The act was mainly a comedy sketch. Myra played the saxophone to one side, while Joe and Buster performed on center stage. The young Keaton would goad his father by disobeying him, and the elder Keaton would respond by throwing him against the scenery, into the orchestra pit, or even into the audience. A suitcase handle was sewn into Keaton's clothing to aid with the constant tossing. The act evolved as Keaton learned to take trick falls safely; he was rarely injured or bruised on stage. This knockabout style of comedy led to accusations of child abuse, and occasionally, arrest. However, Buster Keaton was always able to show the authorities that he had no bruises or broken bones. He was eventually billed as "The Little Boy Who Can't Be Damaged," with the overall act being advertised as "'The Roughest Act That Was Ever in the History of the Stage." Decades later, Keaton said that he was never hurt by his father and that the falls and physical comedy were a matter of proper technical execution. In 1914, Keaton told the ''Detroit News'':
The secret is in landing limp and breaking the fall with a foot or a hand. It's a knack. I started so young that landing right is second nature with me. Several times I'd have been killed if I hadn't been able to land like a cat. Imitators of our act don't last long, because they can't stand the treatment.
Keaton claimed he was having so much fun that he would sometimes begin laughing as his father threw him across the stage. Noticing that this drew fewer laughs from the audience, he adopted his famous deadpan expression whenever he was working.
The act ran up against laws banning child performers in vaudeville. It is said that, when one official saw Keaton in full costume and makeup and asked a stagehand how old he was, the stagehand then pointed to the boy's mother, saying, "I don't know, ask his wife!" According to one biographer, Keaton was made to go to school while performing in New York, but only attended for part of one day. Despite tangles with the law and a disastrous tour of music halls in the United Kingdom, Keaton was a rising star in the theater. Keaton stated that he learned to read and write late, and was taught by his mother. By the time he was 21, his father's alcoholism threatened the reputation of the family act, so Keaton and his mother, Myra, left for New York, where Buster Keaton's career swiftly moved from vaudeville to film.
Although he did not see active combat, he served in World War I, during which time he suffered an ear infection that permanently impaired his hearing.
Silent film era
In February 1917, Keaton met Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle at the Talmadge Studios in New York City, where Arbuckle was under contract to Joseph M. Schenck. Joe Keaton disapproved of films, and Buster also had reservations about the medium. During his first meeting with Arbuckle, he asked to borrow one of the cameras to get a feel for how it worked. He took the camera back to his hotel room, dismantled and reassembled it. With this rough understanding of the mechanics of the moving pictures, he returned the next day, camera in hand, asking for work. He was hired as a co-star and gag man, making his first appearance in ''The Butcher Boy''. Keaton later claimed that he was soon Arbuckle's second director and his entire gag department. Keaton and Arbuckle became close friends.In 1920, ''The Saphead'' was released, in which Keaton had his first starring role in a full-length feature. It was based on a successful play, ''The New Henrietta'', which had already been filmed once under the title "The Lamb" with Douglas Fairbanks playing the lead. It is said to have been Fairbanks that recommended Keaton to take up the role for the remake five years later.
After Keaton's successful work with Arbuckle, Schenck gave him his own production unit, Buster Keaton Comedies. He made a series of two-reel comedies, including ''One Week'' (1920), ''The Playhouse'' (1921), ''Cops'' (1922), and ''The Electric House'' (1922). Based on the success of these shorts, Keaton moved to full-length features. Keaton's writers included Clyde Bruckman and Jean Havez, but the most ingenious gags were often conceived by Keaton himself. Comedy director Leo McCarey, recalling the freewheeling days of making slapstick comedies, said, "All of us tried to steal each other's gagmen. But we had no luck with Keaton, because he thought up his best gags himself and we couldn't steal ''him!''" The more adventurous ideas called for dangerous stunts, also performed by Keaton at great physical risk. During the railroad water-tank scene in ''Sherlock Jr.'', Keaton broke his neck when he fell against a railroad track, but did not realize it until years afterward. A scene from ''Steamboat Bill Jr.'' required Keaton to run into the shot and stand still on a particular spot. Then, the facade of a two-story building toppled forward on top of Keaton. Keaton's character emerged unscathed, thanks to a single open window which passed directly over him. The stunt required precision, because the prop house weighed two tons, and the window only offered a few inches of space around Keaton's body. The sequence became one of the iconic images of Keaton's career.
The film critic David Thomson later described Keaton's style of comedy: "Buster plainly is a man inclined towards a belief in nothing but mathematics and absurdity ... like a number that has always been searching for the right equation. Look at his face — as beautiful but as inhuman as a butterfly — and you see that utter failure to identify sentiment." Gilberto Perez describes "Keaton's genius as an actor to keep a face so nearly deadpan and yet render it, by subtle inflections, so vividly expressive of inner life. His large deep eyes are the most eloquent feature; with merely a stare he can convey a wide range of emotions, from longing to mistrust, from puzzlement to sorrow."
Aside from ''Steamboat Bill Jr.'' (1928), Keaton's most enduring feature-length films include ''Our Hospitality'' (1923), ''The Navigator'' (1924), ''Sherlock Jr.'' (1924), ''Seven Chances'' (1925), ''The Cameraman'' (1928), and ''The General'' (1927). ''The General'', set during the American Civil War, combined physical comedy with Keaton's love of trains, including an epic locomotive chase. Employing picturesque locations, the film's storyline reenacted an actual wartime incident. Though it would come to be regarded as Keaton's proudest achievement, the film received mixed reviews at the time. It was too dramatic for some filmgoers expecting a lightweight comedy, and reviewers questioned Keaton's judgment in making a comedic film about the Civil War, even while noting it had a "few laughs". The fact that the heroes of the story were from the Confederate side may have also contributed to the film's unpopularity.
It was an expensive misfire, and Keaton was never entrusted with total control over his films again. His distributor, United Artists, insisted on a production manager who monitored expenses and interfered with certain story elements. Keaton endured this treatment for two more feature films, and then exchanged his independent setup for employment at Hollywood's biggest studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Keaton's loss of independence as a filmmaker coincided with the coming of sound films (although he was interested in making the transition) and mounting personal problems, and his career in the early sound era was hurt as a result.
Marriages
In 1921, Keaton married Natalie Talmadge, sister-in-law of his boss, Joseph Schenck, and sister of actresses Norma Talmadge and Constance Talmadge. During the first three years of the marriage, the couple had two sons, James (1922–2007) and Robert (1924–2009), but after the birth of Robert, the relationship began to suffer.According to Keaton's autobiography, Natalie turned him out of their bedroom and sent detectives to follow him to see whom he was dating behind her back. Her extravagance was another factor in the breakdown of the marriage. During the 1920s, according to his autobiography, he dated actress Kathleen Key. When he ended the affair, Key flew into a rage and tore up his dressing room.
After attempts at reconciliation, Natalie divorced Keaton in 1932, taking his entire fortune and refusing to allow any contact between Keaton and his sons, whose last name she had changed to Talmadge. Keaton was reunited with them about a decade later when his older son turned 18. The failure of his marriage, along with the loss of his independence as a filmmaker, led Keaton into a period of alcoholism.
During the height of his popularity, Keaton spent $300,000 to build a home in Beverly Hills, which was later owned by James Mason and Cary Grant. Keaton's "Italian Villa" can be seen in Keaton's film ''Parlor, Bedroom and Bath''. Keaton later said, "I took a lot of pratfalls to build that dump." Mason found numerous cans of rare Keaton films in the house in the 1950s; the films were quickly transferred by Raymond Rohauer to safety film before the original cellulose nitrate prints further deteriorated.
Keaton was at one point briefly institutionalized; however, according to the TCM documentary ''So Funny it Hurt'', Keaton escaped a straitjacket with tricks learned during his vaudeville days. In 1933, he married his nurse, Mae Scriven, during an alcoholic binge about which he afterwards claimed to remember nothing (Keaton himself later called that period an "alcoholic blackout"). Scriven herself would later claim that she didn't know Keaton's real first name until after the marriage. When they divorced in 1936, it was again at great financial cost to Keaton.
In 1940, Keaton married Eleanor Norris (1918–1998), who was 23 years his junior. She has been credited with saving his life by stopping his heavy drinking, and helped to salvage his career. The marriage lasted until his death. Between 1947 and 1954, they appeared regularly in the Cirque Medrano in Paris as a double act. She came to know his routines so well that she often participated in them on TV revivals.
Sound era and television
Keaton signed with MGM in 1928, a business decision that he would later call the worst of his life. He realized too late that the studio system MGM represented would severely limit his creative input. For instance, the studio refused his request to make his early project, ''Spite Marriage'', as a sound film and after the studio converted, he was obliged to adhere to dialogue-laden scripts. For the first time, Keaton was forced to use a stunt double during some of the more dangerous scenes, as MGM wanted badly to protect its investment. He also stopped directing, but continued to perform and made some of his most financially successful films for the studio. MGM tried teaming the laconic Keaton with the rambunctious Jimmy Durante in a series of films, ''The Passionate Plumber'', ''Speak Easily'', and ''What! No Beer?'' The latter would be Keaton's last starring feature. The films proved popular. (Thirty years later, both Keaton and Durante had cameo parts in ''It's a Mad Mad Mad Mad World''.)In the first Keaton pictures with sound, he and his fellow actors would shoot each scene three times: one in English, one in Spanish, and one in either French or German. The actors would phonetically memorize the foreign-language scripts a few lines at time and shoot immediately after. This is discussed in the TCM documentary ''Buster Keaton: So Funny it Hurt'', with Keaton complaining about having to shoot lousy films not just once, but three times. His stage name in Spanish markets was ''Pamplinas'' ("Nonsense"), and his nickname was ''Cara de palo'' ("Wooden face").
Behind the scenes, Keaton's world was in chaos, with divorce proceedings and alcoholism contributing to production delays and unpleasant incidents at the studio. Keaton was so depleted during the production of 1933's ''What! No Beer?'' that MGM released him after the filming was complete, despite the film being a resounding hit. In 1934, Keaton accepted an offer to make an independent film in Paris, ''Le Roi des Champs-Élysées''. During this period, he made one other film in Europe, ''The Invader'' (released in America as ''An Old Spanish Custom'' in 1936).
Educational Pictures
Upon Keaton's return to Hollywood, he made a screen comeback in a series of 16 two-reel comedies for Educational Pictures. Most of these are simple visual comedies, with many of the gags supplied by Keaton himself. The high point in the Educational series is ''Grand Slam Opera'', featuring Buster in his own screenplay as an amateur-hour contestant. When the series lapsed in 1937, Keaton returned to MGM as a gag writer, including the Marx Brothers films ''At the Circus'' (1939) and ''Go West'' (1940), and providing material for Red Skelton. He also helped and advised Lucille Ball in her comedic work in films and television.
Columbia Pictures
In 1939, Columbia Pictures hired Keaton to star in ten two-reel comedies, running for two years. The director was usually Jules White, whose emphasis on slapstick made most of these films resemble White's Three Stooges comedies. Keaton's personal favorite was the series' debut entry, ''Pest from the West'', a shorter, tighter remake of Keaton's little-viewed 1935 feature ''The Invader''; it was directed not by White but by Mack Sennett veteran Del Lord. Moviegoers and exhibitors welcomed Keaton's Columbia comedies, proving that the comedian had not lost his appeal. However, taken as a whole, Keaton's Columbia shorts rank as the worst comedies he made, an assessment he concurred with in his autobiography. The final entry was ''She's Oil Mine'', and Keaton swore he would never again "make another crummy two-reeler." He stuck to his word, and the Columbia entries would be his final starring series for any film studio.
1940s and feature films
Keaton's personal life had stabilized with his 1940 marriage, and now he was taking life a little easier, abandoning Columbia for the less strenuous field of feature films. Throughout the 1940s, Keaton played character roles in both "A" and "B" features. Critics rediscovered Keaton in 1949 and producers occasionally hired him for bigger "prestige" pictures. He had cameos in such films as ''In the Good Old Summertime'' (1949), ''Sunset Boulevard'' (1950), and ''Around the World in Eighty Days'' (1956).Keaton also had a small bit part as Jimmy The Crook near the beginning of the long, frantic chase scene in ''It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World'' (1963), directing Spencer Tracy's character, Captain C. G. Culpepper, in storing his police car in a shoreline garage. Keaton was given more screen time in ''A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum'' (1966). He also appeared in a comedy routine about two inept stage musicians in Charlie Chaplin's ''Limelight'' (1952), recalling the vaudeville of ''The Playhouse''. With the exception of ''Seeing Stars'', a minor publicity film produced in 1922, ''Limelight'' was the only time in which the two would ever appear together on film.
In 1949, comedian Ed Wynn invited Keaton to appear on his CBS Television comedy-variety show, ''The Ed Wynn Show'', which was televised live on the West Coast. Kinescopes were made for distribution of the programs to other parts of the country since there was no transcontinental coaxial cable until September 1951.
1950s and television
In 1950, Keaton had a successful television series, ''The Buster Keaton Show'', which was broadcast live on a local Los Angeles station. An attempt to recreate the first series on film as ''Life with Buster Keaton'' (1951), which allowed the program to be broadcast nationwide, was less well-received. A theatrical feature film, ''The Misadventures of Buster Keaton'', was fashioned from the series. Keaton said he canceled the filmed series himself because he was unable to create enough fresh material to produce a new show each week. Keaton also appeared on Ed Wynn's variety show. At the age of 55, he successfully recreated one of the stunts of his youth, in which he propped one foot onto a table, then swung the second foot up next to it, and held the awkward position in midair for a moment before crashing to the stage floor. ''I've Got a Secret'' host Garry Moore recalled, "I asked (Keaton) how he did all those falls, and he said, 'I'll show you'. He opened his jacket and he was all bruised. So that's how he did it—it ''hurt''—but you had to care enough not to care."Unlike his contemporary Harold Lloyd, who kept his films from being televised (and therefore became lesser known to today's audiences), Keaton's periodic television appearances helped to revive interest in his silent films in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1954, Keaton played his first television dramatic role in "The Awakening", an episode of the syndicated anthology series ''Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Presents''. About this time, he also appeared on NBC's ''The Martha Raye Show''.
On April 3, 1957, Keaton was surprised by Ralph Edwards for the weekly NBC program ''This Is Your Life''. The half hour program, which also promoted the release of the biographical film ''The Buster Keaton Story'' with Donald O'Connor, summarized Keaton's life and career up to that point.
In December 1958, Keaton was a guest star as a hospital janitor who provides gifts to sick children in a special Christmas episode of ''The Donna Reed Show'' on ABC. The program was titled "A Very Merry Christmas". He returned to the program in 1965 in the episode "Now You See It, Now You Don't". The 1958 episode has been included in the DVD release of Donna Reed's television programs.
In August 1960, Keaton accepted the role of mute King Sextimus the Silent in the national touring company of ''Once Upon A Mattress'', a successful Broadway musical. Eleanor Keaton was cast in the chorus, and during rehearsals, she fielded questions directed at her husband, creating difficulties in communication. After a few days, Keaton warmed up to the rest of the cast with his "utterly delicious sense of humor", according to Fritzi Burr, who played opposite him as his wife Queen Aggravaine. When the tour landed in Los Angeles, Keaton invited the entire cast and crew to a spaghetti party at his Woodland Hills home, and entertained them by singing vaudeville songs.
In 1960, Keaton returned to MGM for the final time, playing a lion tamer in a 1960 adaptation of Mark Twain's ''The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn''. Much of the film was shot on location on the Sacramento River, which doubled for the Mississippi River setting of Twain's original book.
In 1961, he starred in ''The Twilight Zone'' episode "Once Upon a Time", which included both silent and sound sequences. Keaton played time traveler Mulligan, who traveled from 1890 to 1960, then back, by means of a special helmet.
Keaton also found steady work as an actor in TV commercials, including a popular series of silent ads for Simon Pure Beer in which he revisited some of the gags from his silent film days. In 1963, Keaton appeared in the episode "Think Mink" of ABC's ''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington'' sitcom, starring Fess Parker.
In 1964, Keaton appeared with Joan Blondell and Joe E. Brown in the final episode of ABC's circus drama, ''The Greatest Show on Earth'', starring Jack Palance. That same year, he appeared on Lucille Ball's CBS television show, ''The Lucy Show'', in an episode ("A Day in the Park") filmed in color but initially televised in black and white; this featured him sitting on a park bench, reading a newspaper, which he gradually unfolded into a huge, single sheet. Harvey Korman played a policeman in the scene.
At the age of 70, Keaton suggested that, for his appearance in the 1965 film ''Sergeant Deadhead'', he run past the end of a firehose into a six-foot-high flip and crash. When director Norman Taurog balked, expressing concerns for Keaton's health, Keaton said, "I won't hurt myself, Norm, I've done it for years!" Keaton also starred in three other films for American International Pictures (''Beach Blanket Bingo'', ''Pajama Party'', and ''How to Stuff a Wild Bikini'').
In 1965, Keaton starred in a short film called ''The Railrodder''for the National Film Board of Canada. Wearing his traditional porkpie hat, he travelled from one end of Canada to the other on a motorized handcar, performing gags similar to those in films he made 50 years before. The film is also notable for being Keaton's last silent screen performance. ''The Railrodder'' was made in tandem with a behind-the-scenes documentary about Keaton's life and times, called ''Buster Keaton Rides Again'', also made for the National Film Board. He played the central role in Samuel Beckett's ''Film'' (1965), directed by Alan Schneider. Also in 1965, he traveled to Italy to play a role in ''Due Marines e un Generale'', co-starring alongside with the famous Italian comedian duo of Franco Franchi and Ciccio Ingrassia.
Keaton's last film appearance was in ''A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum'' (1966) which was filmed in Spain in late 1965. He amazed the cast and crew by doing many of his own stunts, although Thames Television said his increasingly ill health did force the use of a stunt double for some scenes.
Death
Keaton died of lung cancer on February 1, 1966, in Woodland Hills, California. Despite being diagnosed with the terminal illness in January 1966, he was never told that he was terminally ill, and thought that he had bronchitis. Confined to a hospital during his final days for treatment, Keaton was restless and paced the room endlessly. In a British television documentary on his career, his widow Eleanor told producers of Thames Television that Keaton was up out of bed and moving around, and even played cards with friends who came to visit at their house the day before he died. Eleanor Keaton died in 1998, from emphysema and lung cancer, aged 80.
Influence and legacy
Keaton has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: 6619 Hollywood Boulevard (for motion pictures); and 6321 Hollywood Boulevard (for television).A 1957 film biography, ''The Buster Keaton Story'', starred Donald O'Connor as Keaton. The screenplay, by Sidney Sheldon (who also directed the film), was vaguely based on his life, but contained many factual errors and merged his three wives into one character. Most of the story centered on his drinking problem, in the producer's attempt to imitate the success of ''I'll Cry Tomorrow'', a sudsy biography about another alcoholic celebrity (Lillian Roth). The 1987 documentary, ''Buster Keaton: A Hard Act to Follow'', which won two Emmy Awards and was directed by Kevin Brownlow and David Gill, is considered a much more accurate telling of Keaton’s story.
In 1994, caricaturist Al Hirschfeld penned a series of silent film stars for the United States Post Office, including Rudolph Valentino and Keaton. Hirschfeld said that modern film stars were more difficult to depict, that silent film comedians such as Laurel and Hardy and Keaton "looked like their caricatures".
Keaton's physical comedy is cited by Jackie Chan in his autobiography documentary ''Jackie Chan: My Story'' as being the primary source of inspiration for his own brand of self-deprecating physical comedy.
Paul Merton often stated on his show ''Silent Clowns'' how influential and hilarious Buster Keaton was to fellow comedians.
Pork pie hats
Keaton designed and fabricated many of his own pork pie hats during his career. In 1964, he told an interviewer that in making the pork pie, he started with a good Stetson hat and cut it down, stiffening the brim with concentrated sugar water. The hats were often destroyed during Keaton's wild film antics; some were given away as gifts and some were snatched by souvenir hunters. Keaton said he was lucky if he used only six hats in making a film. Keaton estimated that he and his wife Eleanor made thousands of the hats during his career.
Keaton in music
In 1987 Italian singer-songwriters Claudio Lolli and Francesco Guccini wrote a song, ''Keaton'', about his work in Italy on the film ''Due Marines e un Generale''
Filmography
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Silent film directors Category:1895 births Category:1966 deaths Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:Actors from Kansas Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American silent film actors Category:Cancer deaths in California Category:Deaths from lung cancer Category:Mimes Category:People from Beverly Hills, California Category:People from Woodson County, Kansas Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Slapstick comedians Category:Silent film comedians Category:Ukulele players Category:Vaudeville performers Category:Short film directors
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| Coordinates | 34°03′″N118°15′″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Sonja Henie |
| Fullname | Sonja Henie |
| Birth date | April 08, 1912 |
| Birth place | Oslo, Norway |
| Death date | October 12, 1969 |
| Death place | aboard a flight to Oslo |
| Height | |
| Formerpartner | Jack Dunn Stewart Reburn |
| Formercoach | Howard Nicholson |
| Medaltemplates | }} |
Sonja Henie (April 8, 1912 – October 12, 1969) was a Norwegian figure skater and film star. She was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in Ladies Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European Champion (1931–1936). Henie won more Olympic and World titles than any other ladies figure skater. At the height of her acting career she was one of the highest paid stars in Hollywood.
Biography
Early life
Sonja Henie was born in Kristiania, current Oslo, the only daughter of Wilhelm Henie, a prosperous Norwegian furrier and his wife Selma Lochmann-Nielsen (1888–1961). In addition to the income from the fur business, both of Henie's parents had inherited wealth. Wilhelm Henie had been a one-time World Cycling Champion and the Henie children were encouraged to take up a variety of sports at a young age. Henie initially showed talent at skiing, and then followed her older brother Leif to take up figure skating. As a girl, Henie was also a nationally ranked tennis player and a skilled swimmer and equestrienne. Once Henie began serious training as a figure skater, her formal schooling ended. She was educated by tutors, and her father hired the best experts in the world, including the famous Russian ballerina Tamara Karsavina, to transform his daughter into a sporting celebrity.
Competitive career
Henie won her first major competition, the senior Norwegian championships, at the age of 9. She then placed eighth in a field of eight at the 1924 Winter Olympics, at the age of eleven. During the 1924 program, she skated over to the side of the rink several times to ask her coach for directions. But by the next Olympiad, she needed no such assistance.Henie won the first of an unprecedented ten consecutive World Figure Skating Championships in 1927 at the age of fourteen. The results of 1927 World Championships, where Henie won in 3-2 decision (or 7 vs. 8 ordinal points) over the defending Olympic and World Champion Herma Szabo of Austria, was controversial, as all three of five judges that gave Henie first-place ordinals were Norwegian (1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 7 points) while Szabo received first-place ordinals from an Austrian and a German Judge (1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 points). Henie went on to win first of her three Olympic gold medals the following year. She defended her Olympic titles in 1932 and in 1936, and her World titles annually until 1936. She also won six consecutive European championships from 1931 to 1936. Henie's unprecedented three Olympic gold medals haven't been matched by any ladies skater since; neither are her achievements as ten-time consecutive World Champion. While Irina Slutskaya of Russia won her seventh European Championship in 2006 to become the most successful ladies skater in European Championships, Henie retains record of most consecutive titles, sharing it with Katarina Witt of Eastern Germany/Germany (1983–1988).
Towards the end of her career, she began to be strongly challenged by younger skaters including Cecilia Colledge, Megan Taylor, and Hedy Stenuf. However, she held off these competitors and went on to win her third Olympic title at the 1936 Winter Olympics, albeit in very controversial circumstances with Cecilia Colledge finishing a very close second. Indeed, after the school figures section at the 1936 Olympic competition, Colledge and Henie were virtually neck and neck with Colledge trailing by just a few points. As Sandra Stevenson recounted in her article in The Independent of the 21st April 2008, "the closeness [of the competition] infuriated Henie, who, when the result for that section was posted on a wall in the competitors' lounge, swiped the piece of paper and tore it into little pieces. The draw for the free skating [then] came under suspicion after Henie landed the plum position of skating last, while Colledge had to perform second of the 26 competitors. The early start was seen as a disadvantage, with the audience not yet whipped into a clapping frenzy and the judges known to become freer with their higher marks as the event proceeded. Years later, a fairer, staggered draw was adopted to counteract this situation".
During her competitive career, Henie traveled widely and worked with a variety of foreign coaches. At home in Oslo, she trained at Frogner Stadium, where her coaches included Hjordis Olsen and Oscar Holte. During the latter part of her competitive career she was coached primarily by the American Howard Nicholson in London. In addition to traveling to train and compete, she was much in demand as a performer at figure skating exhibitions in both Europe and North America. Henie became so popular with the public that police had to be called out for crowd control on her appearances in various disparate cities such as Prague and New York City. It was an open secret that, in spite of the strict amateurism requirements of the time, Wilhelm Henie demanded "expense money" for his daughter's skating appearances. Both of Henie's parents had given up their own pursuits in Norway—leaving Leif to run the fur business—in order to accompany Sonja on her travels and act as her managers.
Henie is credited with being the first figure skater to adopt the short skirt costume in figure skating, wear white boots, and make use of dance choreography. Her innovative skating techniques and glamorous demeanor transformed the sport permanently and confirmed its acceptance as a legitimate sport in the Winter Olympics.
Professional and film career
After the 1936 World Figure Skating Championships, Henie gave up her amateur status and took up a career as a professional performer in acting and live shows. While still a girl, Henie had decided that she wanted to move to Hollywood and become a movie star when her competitive days were over, without considering that her thick accent might hinder her acting ambitions.
In 1936, following a successful ice show in Los Angeles orchestrated by her father to launch her film career, Hollywood studio chief Darryl Zanuck signed her to a long term contract at Twentieth Century Fox which made her one of the highest-paid actresses of the time. After the success of her first film, ''One in a Million'', Henie's position was assured and she became increasingly demanding in her business dealings with Zanuck. Henie also insisted on having total control of the skating numbers in her films such as ''Second Fiddle'' (1939).
In addition to her film career at Fox, Henie formed a business arrangement with Arthur Wirtz, who produced her touring ice shows under the name of "Hollywood Ice Revue". Wirtz also acted as Henie's financial advisor. At the time, figure skating and ice shows were not yet an established form of entertainment in the United States. Henie's popularity as a film actress attracted many new fans and instituted skating shows as a popular new entertainment. Throughout the 1940s, Henie and Wirtz produced lavish musical ice skating extravaganzas at Rockefeller Center's Center Theatre attracting millions of ticket buyers.
At the height of her fame, her shows and touring activities brought Henie as much as $2 million per year. She also had numerous lucrative endorsement contracts, and deals to market skates, clothing, jewelry, dolls, and other merchandise branded with her name. These activities made her one of the wealthiest women in the world in her time.
Henie broke off her arrangement with Wirtz in 1950 and for the next three seasons produced her own tours under the name "Sonja Henie Ice Revue". It was an ill-advised decision to set herself up in competition with Wirtz, whose shows now featured the new Olympic champion Barbara Ann Scott. Since Wirtz controlled the best arenas and dates, Henie was left playing smaller venues and markets already saturated by other touring ice shows such as Ice Capades. The collapse of a section of bleachers during a show in Baltimore, Maryland in 1952 compounded the tour's legal and financial woes.
In 1953 Henie formed a new partnership with Morris Chalfen to appear in his European ''Holiday On Ice'' tour. This was a great success. She produced her own show at New York's Roxy Theatre in January 1956. However, a subsequent South American tour in 1956 was a disaster. Henie was drinking heavily at that time and could no longer keep up with the demands of touring, and this marked her retirement from skating.
In 1938, she published her autobiography ''Mitt livs eventyr'' which has translated and released as ''Wings on My Feet'' in 1940, which was republished in a revised edition in 1954. At the time of her death, Henie was planning a comeback for a television special that would have aired in January 1970.
Nazi controversy
Henie's connections with Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi officials made her the subject of controversy before, during, and after World War II. During her amateur skating career, she performed often in Germany and was a favorite of German audiences as well as of Hitler personally. As a wealthy celebrity, she moved in the same social circles as royalty and heads of state and made Hitler's acquaintance as a matter of course.Controversy appeared first when Henie greeted Hitler with a Nazi salute during an exhibition in Berlin some time prior to the 1936 Winter Olympics; she was strongly denounced by the Norwegian press. She did not repeat the salute at the Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, but after the Games she accepted an invitation to lunch with Hitler at his resort home in nearby Berchtesgaden, where Hitler presented Henie with an autographed photo with a lengthy inscription. After beginning her film career, Henie kept up her Nazi connections, for example personally arranging with Joseph Goebbels for the release of her first film, ''One in a Million'', in Germany.
During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, German troops saw Hitler's autographed photo prominently displayed in the Henie family home. As a result, none of Henie's properties in Norway were confiscated or damaged by the Germans. Henie became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1941. Like many Hollywood stars, she supported the U.S. war effort through USO and similar activities, but she was careful to avoid supporting the Norwegian resistance movement, or making public statements against the Nazis. For this, she was condemned by many Norwegians and Norwegian-Americans. After the war, Henie was mindful that many of her countrymen considered her to be a Quisling. However, she made a triumphant return to Norway with the Holiday on Ice tour in 1953 and 1955.
Personal life
Henie was married three times, to Dan Topping (1912–1974), Winthrop Gardiner Jr.(1912–1980), and the wealthy Norwegian shipping magnate and art patron, Niels Onstad (1909–1978). After her retirement in 1956, Henie and Onstad settled in Oslo and accumulated a large collection of modern art that formed the basis for the Henie-Onstad Art Centre at Høvikodden in Bærum near Oslo.
In addition to her marriages, Henie had a variety of love interests, including her skating partners Jack Dunn and Stewart Reburn, celebrated boxing legend Joe Louis, a much-publicized affair with Tyrone Power, and a later romance with actor Van Johnson. According to the biography ''Queen of Ice, Queen of Shadows'', written by her brother Leif with Raymond Strait after her death, Henie was obsessed with money and sex, had a vile temper when crossed, and used her family and others shamelessly to advance her own ends.
Sonja Henie was diagnosed with leukemia in the mid-1960s. She died of the disease at age 57 in 1969 during a flight from Paris to Oslo. Considered by many as one of the greatest figure skaters in history, she is buried with her husband in Oslo on the hilltop overlooking the Henie-Onstad Art Centre.
Results
| Event | ! 1925 | ! 1926 | ! 1927 | ! 1928 | ! 1929 | ! 1930 | ! 1931 | ! 1932 | ! 1933 | ! 1934 | ! 1935 | ! 1936 | ||
| Winter Olympic Games | Winter Olympics | 8th | | | 1st | 1st | 1st | ||||||||
| World Figure Skating Championships | World Championships | align="center">5th| | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | |
| European Figure Skating Championships | European Championships | | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | ||||||
| Norwegian Figure Skating Championships | Norwegian Championships | | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st |
Awards
Filmography
| ! Year | ! Title | ! Role |
| ''Seven Days for Elizabeth'' | Skater | |
| ''Se Norge'' | Herself | |
| ''One in a Million'' | Greta "Gretchen" Muller | |
| rowspan="2" | Lili Heiser | |
| ''Ali Baba Goes to Town'' | Herself | |
| rowspan="2" | ''Happy Landing'' | Trudy Ericksen |
| ''My Lucky Star'' | Krista Nielsen | |
| rowspan="2" | Trudi Hovland | |
| ''Everything Happens at Night'' | Louise | |
| ''Sun Valley Serenade'' | Karen Benson | |
| Katina Jonsdottir | ||
| ''Wintertime'' | Nora | |
| ''It's a Pleasure'' | Chris Linden | |
| Karen Kirsten | ||
| ''Hello London'' | Herself |
References
Other sources
External links
Category:1912 births Category:1969 deaths Category:American film actors Category:Deaths from leukemia Category:People who died on aircraft in mid-flight Category:People from Oslo Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:Norwegian actors Category:Norwegian emigrants to the United States Category:American people of Norwegian descent Category:Norwegian figure skaters Category:Figure skaters at the 1924 Winter Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 1928 Winter Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 1932 Winter Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 1936 Winter Olympics Category:Knights First Class of the Order of St. Olav Category:Olympic gold medalists for Norway Category:Olympic figure skaters of Norway Category:Olympic medalists in figure skating
bg:Соня Хени ca:Sonja Henie cs:Sonja Henie da:Sonja Henie de:Sonja Henie et:Sonja Henie es:Sonja Henie eo:Sonja Henie fr:Sonja Henie ko:소냐 헤니 hr:Sonja Henie id:Sonja Henie it:Sonja Henie lv:Sonja Henī nl:Sonja Henie ja:ソニア・ヘニー no:Sonja Henie nn:Sonja Henie pl:Sonja Henie pt:Sonja Henie ru:Хени, Соня sl:Sonja Henie sr:Соња Хени fi:Sonja Henie sv:Sonja Henie tr:Sonja Henie zh:桑雅·赫尼This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 34°03′″N118°15′″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Gillis Grafström |
| Fullname | Gillis Emanuel Grafström |
| Country | |
| Birth date | June 07, 1893 |
| Birth place | Stockholm |
| Death date | April 14, 1938 |
| Death place | Potsdam, Germany |
| Medaltemplates | }} |
Biography
In 1914, Grafstrom competed at the last World Championships before the First World War. After the war, Grafström won the Olympic gold medal three successive times (1920, 1924, and 1928) and the silver medal at the 1932 Winter Olympics (behind Karl Schäfer). He remains the only male figure skater to have won three Olympic gold medals (Sonja Henie and Irina Rodnina are other three-time Olympic Champions), and with his silver medal in 1932, is the most successful figure skater in Olympic history. He competed in and won three World Championships in 1922, 1924, 1929, competing only intermittently between editions of Olympic Games.At his first Olympics in Antwerp one of his skates broke and he had to go to town to buy a new pair. Unfortunately only curly-toed skates were available. Despite this, he was still able to win.
At his last Olympics in 1932 in Lake Placid, he collided with a photographer on the ice and still managed to place second.
Grafström was one of the best skaters ever in compulsory figures. He also invented the Grafström-pirouette (on the back outside edge of the blade) and the flying sit spin. He skated very elegantly and was famous for his interpretation of music.
From 1925 to his death he lived in Potsdam, Germany. He trained on the Bornstedter See (Bornstedt Lake) when it was frozen or in Berlin on the artificial ice rink at the Volkspark Friedrichshain.
Grafström studied architecture at the Technical University of Berlin (Technische Hochschule Berlin) and worked later as an architect.
Grafström collected graphics, paintings and sculptures about skating. This collection was continued by his wife Cecilie Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1898–1995). Today this collection belongs to the World Figure Skating Museum in Colorado Springs in the United States. Grafström was also a writer and an etcher.
Grafström died in 1938 in Potsdam, Germany at the age of 44 due to blood poisoning.
Today there is a street in Potsdam named after him. In 1976 he was admitted to the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame. Additionally, Grafström won the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 1929 (Shared with Sven Utterström).
Results
| Event | ! 1917 | ! 1918 | ! 1919 | ! 1920 | ! 1922 | ! 1924 | ! 1928 | ! 1929 | ! 1932 | ||
| Winter Olympic Games | Winter Olympics | | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 2nd | |||||
| World Figure Skating Championships | World Championships | align="center">7th| | 1st | 1st | 1st | ||||||
| Swedish Figure Skating Championships | Swedish Championships | | | 1st | 1st | 1st |
See also
References
Category:1893 births Category:1938 deaths Category:People from Stockholm Category:Swedish male single skaters Category:Figure skaters at the 1920 Summer Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 1924 Winter Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 1928 Winter Olympics Category:Figure skaters at the 1932 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic figure skaters of Sweden Category:Olympic gold medalists for Sweden Category:Olympic silver medalists for Sweden Category:Olympic medalists in figure skating
ca:Gillis Grafström de:Gillis Grafström es:Gillis Grafström fr:Gillis Grafström ko:일리스 그라프스트룀 it:Gillis Grafström nl:Gillis Grafström ja:ギリス・グラフストローム no:Gillis Grafström pl:Gillis Grafström pt:Gillis Grafström ro:Gillis Grafström ru:Графстрём, Гиллис sl:Gillis Grafström fi:Gillis Grafström sv:Gillis Grafström tr:Gillis Grafström zh:吉利斯·格拉夫斯特伦This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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