{{infobox tv channel| name

TV Guide Network| logofileTV Guide Network.png| logosize180px| logoalt| The TV Guide Network's logo used from March 2010-present.| slogan ''Eat. Sleep. Watch.''| launch1981| founderPrevue Networks Inc.| owner Lionsgate | headquarters Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA| former names Electronic Program Guide (1981-1993) Prevue Guide (1988-1993) Prevue Channel (1993-1999)TV Guide Channel (1999-2007)| past names| webhttp://www.tvguide.com/channelhttp://video.tvguide.com| sat serv 1DirecTV| sat chan 1Channel 273| sat serv 2Dish Network| sat chan 2Channel 117| cable serv 1 Available on many cable systems| cable chan 1 Check local listings for channels| dummy parameter|

TV Guide Network (formerly known as TV Guide Channel, Prevue Channel, Prevue Guide, and Electronic Program Guide) is an American cable network owned by Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation.

At the bottom third of the screen, TV Guide Network provides a scrolling grid, or "scrid" for short, listing all channels available to the viewer coupled with the titles of the television programs and films those channels are currently showing. Appearing in the top three-quarters of the screen are programs featuring movie previews and celebrity news, repeats of select popular television shows, and commercials. The majority of the network's audience consists of channel surfers looking to see what's on, and what's coming on next, on their respective cable and satellite systems' channel lineups.

Although its bottom-screen program listings grid continues to be the major feature of the channel, TV Guide Network has repositioned itself as a destination channel for television news and information through its original series and specials. This is because internet-based TV listings sites and the on-screen interactive program guides (IPGs) built directly into most of today's cable and satellite set top terminals, as well as into digital video recorders like TiVo, have mostly obviated the need for a dedicated TV listings channel by providing the same information in a speedier manner, and often in much more detail. TV Guide offers its own IPG software for digital cable boxes, called ''TV Guide Interactive''. It is visually similar in its presentation to the TV Guide Network's bottom-screen program listings grid.

TV Guide Network is only available from within the digital tiers of certain cable providers in some markets. As its programming is considered non-critical, many cable providers also use the TV Guide Network's channel space as a default Emergency Alert System conduit for transmitting warning information applicable to their local service areas, or as channel space for a regional sports network's "RSN2"/"RSN+" alternate feed for sports right conflicts.

A gridless version of the channel, featuring all of its programming full-screen, is offered to cable and satellite operators providing ''only'' digital television service and whose digital set top receivers already include integrated IPGs; though some digital cable providers use the scrolling grid version even if they use IPGs integrated within set top boxes.

History

1980s

Electronic program guide

Launched in 1981 by United Video Satellite Group, the TV Guide Network began its life as a simple electronic program guide software application sold to cable system operators throughout the United States and Canada. Known simply as the Electronic Program Guide, or the EPG for short, the software was designed to be run within the head end facility of each participating cable system on a single, custom-modified consumer-grade computer supplied by United Video. Its scrolling program listings grid, which cable system operators broadcast to subscribers on a dedicated channel, covered the entire screen and provided four hours of listings for each system's entire channel line-up, one half-hour period at a time. Because of this, listings for programs currently airing would often be several minutes away. Additionally, because the EPG software generated only video, cable operators commonly resorted to filling the EPG channel's audio with music from a local FM station, or with programming from a cable TV-oriented audio service provider such as Cable Radio Network.

By 1985 and under the newly formed Trakker, Inc. united of United Video Satellite Group, two versions of the EPG were offered: EPG Jr., a 16KB EPROM version which ran on various Atari models including the 130XE and 600XL, and EPG Sr., a 3½ bootable diskette version for the Amiga 1000. Raw program listings data for national cable networks, as well as for regional and local terrestrial stations, was fed en masse from a Tulsa, Oklahoma mainframe to each EPG installation via a 2400 baud data stream on an audio subcarrier of WGN by United Video. (United Video was WGN's nationwide satellite distributor.) By cherry-picking data from this master feed for only the networks its cable system actually carried, each EPG installation was able to generate a continuous visual display of program listings customized to its local cable system's unique channel line-up. (Data describing the unique channel line-up each EPG was to display also arrived via this master feed.)

Both the EPG Jr. and EPG Sr. allowed cable operators to further customize their operation locally. Among other functions, the listings grid's scrolling speed could be changed, and local text-based advertisements could be inserted. Each text-based advertisement could be configured to display as either a "scroll ad" (appearing within the vertically scrolling listings grid between its half-hour cycles) or as a "crawl ad" (appearing within a horizontally scrolling ticker at the bottom of the screen). If no advertisements were configured as "crawl ads," no bottom ticker would be shown on-screen.

The on-screen appearances of both the Jr. and Sr. versions of the EPG software differed only slightly, due primarily to differences in text font and extended ASCII graphic glyph character rendering between the underlying Atari and Amiga platforms.

Because neither version of the EPG software was capable of silent remote administration for its locally customizable features, cable company employees were required to visit their head end facilities in order to make all necessary adjustments to the software in person. Consequently, EPG channel viewers would often see its otherwise continuous listings interrupted without warning each time a cable company technician brought up its administrative menus to adjust settings, view diagnostics information, or hunt-and-peck new local text advertisements into the menus' built-in text editor.

The Atari-based EPG Jr. units were encased in blue rack enclosures containing custom-made outboard electronics, such as the Zephyrus Electronics Ltd. UV-D-2 demodulator board, which delivered data decoded from the WGN data stream to the Atari's 13 pin Serial Input/Output (SIO) handler port. (The EPG Jr. software's EPROM was interfaced to the Atari's ROM cartridge port.)

Split-screen electronic program guide

By the late 1980s, a software upgrade "option" was offered by United Video for the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr. This updated version featured a program listings grid identical in appearance to that of the original EPG Sr. version, but confined it to the lower half of the screen. In this new split-screen configuration, which was the forerunner to Prevue Guide (below), the upper half of the screen displayed static or animated graphical advertisements and logos created locally by each cable system operator. Up to 64 such ads were supported.

Locally created text-based advertisements were still supported too. However, they now appeared in the top half of the screen as well, support for showing them within the listings grid as scrolling ads, or beneath it as crawling banner ads, having been removed. Although most cable systems kept the original, full-screen EPG in operation well into the early 1990s, some systems with large numbers of subscribers opted for this upgraded version of EPG Sr. in order to exploit the revenue potential of its graphical local advertising capabilities.

The Atari-based EPG Jr. was never afforded this split-screen upgrade and fell out of favor during the late 1980s as cable systems migrated to the full- or split-screen Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr., and later to the Amiga 2000-based Prevue Guide (below). However, the EPG Jr. remained in service as late as 2005 on a few small cable systems, as well as on a number of private cable systems operated by various hotel chains and certain housing and apartment complexes.

Prevue Guide

In 1988, the Trakker, Inc. unit of United Video Holdings was renamed Prevue Networks, Inc. and the split-screen version of the EPG Sr. software was further updated and renamed "Prevue Guide". Now running on the Amiga 2000, it displayed a split-screen listings grid visually identical to the upgraded EPG Sr.'s, but also supported – along with up to 128 locally inserted top-screen graphical advertisements – the display of video with accompanying sound in the top half of the screen. Primarily promos for upcoming TV shows, films, and special events, these videos appeared in either the left or right halves of the top portion of the screen, coupled with supplementary information concerning them in the opposing halves (program title, channel, air date and time).

Making the video integration possible were the Amiga 2000's native video compositing capabilities. All video (and associated audio) content was provided live by Prevue Networks, Inc. via a special analog C-band satellite backhaul feed from Tulsa, Oklahoma. This feed contained a national satellite listings grid in the bottom half of its picture (strictly as a courtesy for the era's C-band dish owners), with the top half of its picture divided horizontally in two, both halves showing promos for unrelated telecasts on different networks. (Sound for each half was provided in mono on the feed's left and right audio channels, respectively.) Within each cable system's head end facility, meanwhile, the Amiga 2000-powered Prevue Guide software overlaid the bottom half of the satellite feed's video frame with its own, locally generated listings grid. It also continuously chose which of the two simultaneously available promos in the top half of the satellite feed's picture to let local cable subscribers see, patching its audio through to them while visually blocking out the other promo. During periods where both of the satellite feed's simultaneous promos were for cable networks not carried by a local cable system, the local Prevue Guide software blocked out both, filling the entire top half of the screen with a local text or graphical advertisement instead.

The satellite feed's national scheduling grid was never meant to be seen by cable subscribers. On occasion, however, when a cable system's local Prevue Guide software crashed into Amiga ''Guru Meditation'' mode, subscribers would be exposed to the satellite feed's full video frame, letting them see not only the two disparate promos simultaneously running in its upper half, but perhaps more confusingly, the satellite transponder-oriented national listings grid in its lower half.

Commercials, often for psychic hotlines, and featurettes produced by Prevue Networks, Inc., such as ''Prevue Tonight'', voiced by network announcer Larry Hoefling (1989–1993), were also delivered via this satellite feed. For commercials, the top half of the feed's video frame would be completely filled out, with local cable system Prevue Guide installations letting it show through in full. The satellite feed also carried a third audio channel containing Prevue Guide theme music in an infinite loop. Local Prevue Guide installations would switch to this audio source during the display of local top-screen advertising, and when they crashed. Prevue Guide could additionally signal cable system video playback equipment to override the Prevue Networks, Inc. satellite feed entirely with up to nine minutes of local, video-based advertising per hour. Few cable systems utilized this feature, however, oweing to the need to produce special versions of their local advertisements wherein, as with the satellite feed itself, all action occurred only within the top half of the video frame.

Other features of Prevue Guide, unavailable in the earlier full- and split-screen EPG Sr. versions, were colorized listings backgrounds and program-by-program channel summaries. Between its already colored grid lines, which alternated blue, green, yellow, and red with each half-hour listings cycle, each cable operator could choose to enable either red or light blue (rather than black) background colors for multiple channels of its choice. These backgrounds were usually used to highlight premium movie channels and pay-per-view services. Additionally, program-by-program channel summaries with light grey backgrounds, for up to four channels of each cable operator's choice, could be included within the scrolling grid. Appearing between each four-hour listings cycle, the names of channels (rather than times) would scroll up and slide into the grid's header bar one at a time, each followed by up to four hours worth of program-by-program listings for that channel alone.

Prevue Guide could also display graphical "Prevue Weather" logos, accompanied by local weather conditions, within its scrolling grid. These inserts were available to cable operators for an additional fee and appeared after each four-hour listings cycle.

By the early 1990s, United Video began encouraging cable systems still using either the full- or split-screen versions of the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr. to upgrade to the Amiga 2000-based Prevue Guide. Active support for the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr. installations was discontinued in 1993.

Like the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr., Prevue Guide also ran from bootable 3½ diskettes, and its locally customizable features remained configurable only from the local keyboard, subjecting viewers to the same on-screen maintenance-related interruptions by local cable company employees as before. (Silent remote administration of locally customizable features would not be added until the "yellow grid" appeared shortly after the beginning of the TV Guide Channel era, when the Amiga platform was fully abandoned.) To support Prevue Guide's new, satellite-delivered video and audio, each Amiga 2000 featured a UV Corp. UVGEN video/genlock card for the satellite feed's video and a Zephyrus Electronics Ltd model 100 rev. C demodulator/switching ISA card for manipulating the feed's audio. Also included were a Zephyrus Electronics Ltd. model 101 rev. C demodulator ISA card for the WGN data stream, and a Great Valley Products Zorro II A2000 HC+8 Series II card (used only for 2 MB of Fast RAM with SCSI disabled). The 101C fed demodulated listings data at 2400 baud from a DE9 RS232 serial connector on its backpanel to the Amiga's stock DB25 RS232 serial port via a short cable. The 101C also featured connection terminals for contact closure triggering of external cable system video playback equipment.

1990s

Prevue Channel

Beginning in late March 1993, Prevue Networks, Inc. overhauled the Prevue Guide software once again, this time to modernize its appearance. Still operating on the same Amiga 2000 hardware, the old grid's black background with white text separated by colored lines gave way to a new, embossed-looking navy blue grid featuring 90 minutes of scheduling information per channel. Arrow symbols had been added to listings whose start or end times stretched beyond that timeframe, and for viewer convenience, local cable operators could now configure the grid's scrolling action to momentarily pause for up to four seconds after each screenful of listings. Additionally, local cable operators could enable light grey sports and movie summaries within the grid. Appearing between each listings cycle, these showed all films and sporting events airing on any channel during the next 90 minutes. The light grey program-by-program summaries for individual channels, red and light blue channel highlighting, and graphical "Prevue Weather" forecasts that were previously available to cable systems as optional grid features and inserts remained available in the same manners as before. Closed captioning, MPAA movie rating, and VCR Plus+ logos were additionally introduced by this version of the software, and unlike in prior versions, large graphical Prevue Guide logos appeared within its grid, between listings cycles. The old, synthesized interstitial music that had been used since 1988 was also replaced with a more modern piece called "Opening Act", from the defunct James & Aster music library.

By late 1993, Prevue Guide was re-branded "Prevue Channel", and an updated channel logo was unveiled to match. Beginning in early 1994 and up until its first couple of years as the TV Guide Channel, the network licensed production music (first at 1 min. length, later at 15 and 30-sec. lengths) from several music libraries for use as interstial music. In 1996, the Prevue Channel logo was given a new eye-like design, and two years later, the classic Dodger-like font face its logo had incorporated since 1988 was replaced with Univers, though Sneak Prevue continued to use the original typeface until its demise in 2002. In 1997, Prevue Channel became the first electronic program guide to show Canada's and the United States' formalized TV Ratings symbols. They appeared alongside program titles within the listings grid, as well as in the supplementary scheduling information overlays accompanying promo videos in the top half of the screen.

During the mid-1990s, Prevue Networks, Inc. also expanded beyond its Prevue Channel operation. In 1996, Prevue Networks introduced their first set top terminal-integrated digital IPG, ''Prevue Interactive'', designed for the General Instruments DCT 1000. It was launched as part of TCI's first digital cable service offerings. In 1997, Prevue Networks and United Video Satellite Group also launched Prevue Online, an internet web site providing local TV listings, audio/video interviews, and weather forecasts. Another web site, PrevueNet, was co-launched to provide more history and useful information for the Prevue Channel, as well as for Sneak Prevue, UVTV, WGN Chicago, and WPIX New York.

The new navy blue grid version of the Prevue Channel software was as crash-prone as previous ones. Flashing red Amiga "guru meditation" errors (with the raw satellite feed's dual promo windows and national satellite listings grid showing through from behind them) remained a frequent sight on many cable systems throughout the United States and Canada. While Prevue Networks' software engineers released regular patches to correct bugs, it simultaneously became clear that an entirely new hardware platform would soon be needed. New Amiga 2000 hardware was no longer being manufactured by Commodore, which filed for bankruptcy in 1994, and Prevue Networks began resorting to cannibalizing parts from second-hand dealers of used Amiga hardware in order to continue supplying and maintaining operational units. During periods where Amiga 2000 hardware availability proved insufficient, newer models such as the Amiga 3000 were used instead. However, as those models' stock cases would not accept the company's large existing inventory of Zephyrus ISA demodulator cards, only their motherboards were used, in custom-designed cases with riser card and backplane modifications.

Towards the end of the decade, in 1998, Prevue Channel's programming was entirely revamped. New short "shows" were introduced to replace Prevue Tonight, FamilyVue, and Intervue. These included Prevue This, Prevue Family, Prevue Sports, Prevue TV, Prevue News and Weather, and Prevue Revue. They each lasted only a couple of minutes, but every show happened twice every hour.

TV Guide Channel

In February 1999, United Video Satellite Group, the parent company of Prevue Networks, Inc., bought TV Guide for $2 billion in stock and cash. At midnight on February 1, 1999, new graphics were in place, officially renaming Prevue Channel "TV Guide Channel". In early October, Gemstar International Group Ltd. purchased United Video Satellite Group. Finally, throughout December of that year on cable systems nationwide, a new yellow grid began replacing the navy blue grid that had presented channel listings to viewers for the past six years. The old navy blue grid was completely phased out by March 2000.

With the arrival of TV Guide Channel's yellow grid, all remaining vestiges of Prevue Channel had been eliminated: its Amiga-based hardware infrastructure was decommissioned, and purpose-built, Windows NT/2000 PCs employing custom-designed video/audio expansion cards were installed. With this new infrastructure additionally came the ability for local cable companies to perform silent remote administration of all their installations' locally customizable features, making live, on-screen guide maintenance interruptions by cable system technicians a thing of the past.

The yellow grid also eliminated the optional red and light blue background colors local cable operators were formerly able to assign various channels of their choices. In their place, universal, program genre-based background colors were introduced. Sporting events appeared with green backgrounds, and movies on all networks were given red backgrounds. Pay-per-view events additionally appeared with purple backgrounds. The light grey backgrounds which had formerly appeared in channel- and program genre-based summaries were also eliminated, with the aforementioned red, green, and purple color coding now applying to those summaries as well.

Despite its elimination from the American television market, the Prevue brand continued to be seen in Canada in the form of various Prevue Interactive services, most of which were simply re-branded versions of TV Guide Interactive products.

2000s

A few years after Prevue Channel completed its transition to TV Guide Channel, the programming it featured changed drastically. Full-length shows were added, moving away from the typical model of showing television previews and other information. Starting in 2005, Joan Rivers and her daughter Melissa Rivers began providing coverage for televised awards ceremonies such as The Emmy Awards and The Academy Awards. In 2007, the mother-daughter duo were unceremoniously dropped by TV Guide in favor of Lisa Rinna. Later, in 2007, Rinna was joined by fellow ''Dancing with the Stars'' alumni Joey Fatone. On July 29, 2009, TV Guide announced that Rinna and Fatone had been replaced by ''Hollywood 411'', presented by ''The Bachelor'' host Chris Harrison and ''Dancing with the Stars'' judge Carrie Ann Inaba.

Also with the transition from Prevue Channel to TV Guide Channel, the nature of the service's scrolling listings grid began to change. During broadcasts of the channel's original primetime series as well as during red carpet awards ceremony coverage, programming started appearing almost entirely full-screen, with a transparent, non-scrolling, two-line version of the channel's regular listings grid occupying only the extreme bottom of the frame. Semi-regular stylistic re-designs of the grid also occurred, and support was added for showing locally inserting provider logos and graphical advertisements within it. Starting in 2004, light blue backgrounds began to appear on listings for children's programming, complimenting the red, green, and purple background colors already applied to listings for films, sporting events, and pay-per-view programming respectively.

Because of Gemstar-TV Guide's dominant position within the television listings market, listings for TV Guide Channel's own original programming began to appear on the topmost lines of most TV listings web sites to which the company provided listings data, regardless of which channel number any given cable system carried it on. This also became the case with the print version of TV Guide.

Rather than purchasing TV Guide Channel carriage rights, some services such as IO Digital Cable and Bright House Networks created their own scrolling listings grids, with IO's occasionally interrupted by full-screen commercials, and otherwise featuring banner ads accompanied by music. Bright House Networks' version featured a video inlay of a local news station instead of banner ads, with its overall on-screen presentation otherwise matching that of IO's.

DirecTV did not begin carrying the TV Guide Channel until 2004, and began carrying it in an entirely full-screen format (without the bottom listings grid) in 2005. This was also the case with DISH Network, which aired the network in full-screen format to avoid duplication of its set top receiver-integrated IPG, also provided by Gemstar-TV Guide.

TV Guide Network

On April 30, 2007, Gemstar-TV Guide announced that beginning June 4, 2007, TV Guide Channel would be re-branded "TV Guide Network". According to its press release, the move was intended to reflect "the continued evolution of the Channel from primarily a utility service to a more fully-developed television guidance and entertainment network with a continued commitment to high quality programming."

On May 2, 2008, Gemstar-TV Guide was acquired by Macrovision (now Rovi Corporation). Macrovision, which purchased Gemstar-TV Guide mostly to boost the value of its lucrative VCR+ and electronic program guide patents, later stated that they were possibly looking to sell both TV Guide Network and the TV Guide print edition's namesake to other parties. On December 18 of that year, Macrovision announced that it had found a willing party for TV Guide Network in One Equity Partners. The transaction included tvguide.com, with Macrovision retaining the IPG service.

At the beginning of January 2009, the print edition of ''TV Guide'' quietly removed its listings for TV Guide Network (along with its listings for several other networks) over what the magazine's management described as "space concerns". In actuality, the two entities had been forced apart by their new, individual owners, with promotions for the network ending in the magazine, and vice versa. TV Guide magazine journalists also no longer appeared on TV Guide Network. The top-line "plug" for the network did, however, remain intact on the web sites of internet-based listings providers using TV Guide's EPG listings.

On January 5, 2009, Lionsgate announced its intent to purchase TV Guide Network and TV Guide Online for $255 million. Lionsgate closed the transaction on March 2, 2009, paying cash. The following April, Lionsgate announced plans to revamp the network into a more entertainment-oriented channel, including plans to discontinue the bottom-screen scrolling program listings grid that has been a part of the channel since its inception in late 1981, however the scrolling grid still remains on the channel as of 2011. Following the announcement, Mediacom announced that it would be dropping the network. Time Warner Cable has also dropped the network in Texas.

2010s

On July 1, 2010, TV Guide Network's scrolling grid was given an extensive facelift; the grid was shrunk to the bottom one-quarter of the screen, the channel listings were reduced from two lines to one (with the channel number now being placed to the right of the channel ID code), the color coding for programs of specific genres (children's shows, movies and sports, etc.) was removed, synopses for films were dropped and the grid now stops scrolling for four seconds with every four channels displayed. Despite the change, the non-scrolling grid (which is the same height as the restyled scrolling grid) continued to be used for primetime programming for a time.

Twenty-three days later, on July 24, TV Guide Network introduced a new non-scrolling grid used for primetime programming, which was later dropped with providers using the scrolling grid during primetime programming. On August 3, 2010 the scrolling grid was changed once again, with the scrolling grid stopping at each channel, and the channel listings became two lines once again (in some areas, the grid is still three lines wide thus cutting off half of the second listing). On October 17, 2010 the scrolling grid was changed to black, and channel listings are one line.

Color schemes

Genre color coding

On TV Guide Network until July 1, 2010 and currently in Gemstar-TV Guide's set top box-integrated IPG service (''TV Guide Interactive''), program genres are indicated on-screen by color:

Normal Programming: Gray (in IPG, dark blue)

Children's Shows: Light blue

Sports Programming: Green

Movies: Red on regular channels, purple on pay-per-view channels (in IPG, purple on all channels)

On TV Guide Network itself, during the weeks prior to the Emmys, shows that have been nominated were also highlighted in gold. The same gold highlighting could be seen during the lead-up to the Oscars, except only for movies that have won in the past. Titles for other special shows, like those that are a part of Discovery Channel's Shark Week, had a bubbly-water graphical scheme. During the lead-up to Halloween, horror movie titles featured spiderwebs in their schemes, and Holiday movie titles listed during December were blue and snow-covered. Similar important shows and/or premieres have had other special graphical schemes added to their grid cells.

Due to a restructuring of TV Guide Network's scrolling grid on July 1, 2010 that saw the grid being shrunk to the lower third of the screen, grey is now used as the color code for all programming and genre-based color coding can now be seen exclusively in IPG.

Grid color history

On the EPG/Prevue Guide/Prevue Channel/TV Guide Channel/TV Guide Network channel, the following colors have been used for the listings grid:

Black (during the Amiga-based EPG and Prevue Guide years prior to mid-1993)

Navy blue (during the Amiga-based Prevue Guide, Prevue Channel, and TV Guide Channel years of 1993-2000)

Yellow (during the TV Guide Channel years of 2000-2003)

Blue (during the TV Guide Channel years of 2003-2004)

Teal (during the TV Guide Channel years of 2004-2005)

Grey (during the TV Guide Channel and TV Guide Network years of 2005–present)

Between the late 1980s and 1999, local cable operators could configure listings for certain channels to appear with alternate background colors (their choice of red or light blue). Light grey backgrounds were additionally used for channel- and program genre-based listings summaries, when enabled by local cable operators. Beginning with the yellow grid in 1999, all such coloring was discarded in favor of program genre-based coloring which affected all channels and summaries. Listings for movies featured red backgrounds, pay-per-view events bore purple backgrounds, and sporting events featured green backgrounds. Starting in 2004, light blue backgrounds were additionally applied to listings for children's programming.

Programming

In addition to paid programming that airs from early-mid morning, along with reruns of programs such as ''Punk'd'', ''Weeds'', ''Just Shoot Me'' and ''American Idol Rewind'', the TV Guide Network has many original series that air during primetime.

Current shows

''The Fashion Team'' (2007–present) - Program looking at the week in red carpet and other fashion events. Hosted by Daphne Brogdon and Lawrence Zarian.

''TV Guide Close Up'' (2004–present) - Hour-long feature segment program about television and movie stars, and programs and films.

''What's on DVD'' (2006–present) - Weekly series describing the latest DVD and Blu-ray releases.

''Ugly Betty'' (2009–present) - Acquired repeats

''Punk'd'' (2009–present) - Acquired repeats

''Curb Your Enthusiasm'' (2010–present) - Acquired repeats

''The Hills'' (2011–present) - Acquired repeats

''Nail Files'' (2011–present) - Original reality series about the owner of a Los Angeles nail salon.

Former shows

''America's Next Producer'' (2007) - Competition series where the winner received a $100,000 prize and development deal with TVGC.

''Celebrity Says!'' (2008) - Man on the street game show where interviewees attempted to guess what a celebrity said during a red carpet interview. Hosted by Dave Holmes.

''Hollywood 411'' (2008–2011) - Entertainment newsmagazine program hosted by Chris Harrison; varied over the years between a daily and weekly presentation.

''Hollywood Showdown'' (2006–2008) - Acquired repeats from PAX/Game Show Network run.

''Hollywood 411 on Set'' (2009) - Set visits and behind-the-scenes info on the latest movies, profiling three each show.

''Idol Chat & Idol Tonight'' (2006–2009) - Official discussion of the week's events on ''American Idol''. Hosted by Kimberly Caldwell and Justin Guarini (Rosanna Tavarez was a former co-host from 2006–2008, and Manny Streetz was a guest correspondent in 2007)

''InFANity'' (2007–2010) - One hour program devoted to a detailed history and interviews with stars of one primetime series. Hosted by Lisa Joyner.

''Look-a-Like'' (2004–2010) - Makeover program involving people wanting to look like certain celebrities.

''Making News: Texas Style'' (2007–2008) - Follows news anchors at TV stations in the state of Texas. During the first season, the anchors of Odessa, Texas, CBS affiliate KOSA were featured (some episodes also featured an anchor at the market's NBC affiliate, KWES). The second season followed anchors at the duopoly of WJCL and WTGS, the ABC and Fox affiliates (respectively) in Savannah, Georgia, as well as long-dominant CBS affiliate WTOC and NBC affiliate WSAV, from time to time). The second season was called ''Making News: Savannah Style''.

''Reality Chat'' (2006–2009) - Discussion show about reality television. Hosted by Rosanna Tavarez and Sadie Murray (Kimberly Caldwell was a former co-host from 2006–2008)

''TV Watercooler'' (2006–2009) - A weekly recap of TV's noteworthy shows and moments. Hosted by John Fugelsang and Teresa Strasser (Debra Wilson was a former co-host in 2006)

Slogans

Prevue Guide and Prevue Channel

''Just what you're looking for.'' (1988–1992)

''We Are What's On.'' (1992–1995)

''Prevue...See what's on'' (1995-1997 secondary)

''Prevue First!'' (1998–1999; secondary)

''Before you view, Prevue!'' (1993 to 1995; alternate, 1995–1999; primary)

TV Guide Channel/Network

''Change the way you channel'' (1999–2001)

''Don't miss a thing'' (2001–2004)

''Original shows, original channel, TV Guide Channel.'' (2004–2007)

''America's Television Headquarters'' (2007–2010)

''Original shows, original network, TV Guide Network'' (2007–2010; secondary)

''Eat. Sleep. Watch.'' (2010–present)

Sneak Prevue

In 1991, Prevue Networks spun off another network exclusively for pay-per-view programming, Sneak Prevue. The channel was also driven by Amiga 2000 hardware, and its software was as crash-prone as the Prevue Guide software itself. TV Guide Network ceased operations of Sneak Prevue in 2002.

References

External links

PrevueNet in the Internet Archive

Category:American television networks Category:Lionsgate subsidiaries Category:Television channels and stations established in 1981 Category:TV Guide Category:English-language television stations in the United States

title	TV Guide
image file	TV Guide Logo.png
frequency	Weekly
circulation	2.4 million
category	Entertainment News
firstdate	April 3, 1953
editor	Debra Birnbaum
editor title	Editor-in-Chief
country	United States
based	Radnor, Pennsylvania
language	English
website	http://www.tvguide.com
issn	0039-8543 }}

''TV Guide'' is a North American weekly magazine about TV shows.

In addition to TV listings, the publication features television-related news, celebrity interviews, gossip and film reviews and crossword puzzles. Some issues have also featured horoscope listings.

History

Prototype

Lee Wagner (1910–1993) was circulation director of McFadden Publications in New York in the 1930s—and later for Cowles Media Co.—distributing movie celebrity magazines. In 1948, he printed ''The TeleVision Guide'' for the New York area. On the cover was silent film star Gloria Swanson, star of her short-lived "Gloria Swanson Hour." Wagner later added regional editions for New England and Baltimore-Washington areas. Five years later, he sold the editions to Walter Annenberg's Triangle Publications, but remained as a consultant until 1963.

Annenberg/Triangle era

The national ''TV Guide'' was first published on April 3, 1953. Its premiere issue cover featured a photograph of Lucille Ball with her newborn son Desi Arnaz, Jr.

''TV Guide'' as a national publication resulted from Walter Annenberg's Triangle Publications' purchase of numerous regional television listing publications such as ''TV Forecast'', ''TV Digest'', ''Television Guide'' and ''TV Guide''. The launch as a national publication with local listings in April 1953 became an almost instant success with the magazine becoming the most read and circulated magazine in the country by the 1960s. The initial cost was just 15¢ per copy. In addition to subscriptions, ''TV Guide'' was sold from grocery store counters nationwide. Until the 1980s, each issue's features were promoted in a television commercial. Under Triangle Publications, ''TV Guide'' continued to grow not only in circulation, but in recognition as the authority on television programming with articles from both staff and contributing writers. Over the decades the shape of the logo has changed to reflect the modernization of the television screen. At first, the logo had various color backgrounds (usually black, white, blue or green) until the familiar red background became a standard in the 1960s with occasional changes to accommodate a special edition.

Under Triangle Publications, ''TV Guide'' was first based in a small office in downtown Philadelphia until moving to more spacious national headquarters in Radnor, Pennsylvania in the late 1950s. The new facility, complete with a large lighted ''TV Guide'' logo at the building's entrance, was home to management, editors, production personnel, subscription processors as well as a vast computer system holding data on every show and movie available for listing in the popular weekly publication. Printing of the national color section of ''TV Guide'' took place at Triangle's Gravure Division plant adjacent to Triangle's landmark Philadelphia Inquirer Building on North Broad Street in Philadelphia. The color section was then sent to regional printers to be wrapped around the local listing sections. Triangle's Gravure Division was known for performing some of the highest quality printing in the industry with almost always perfect registration.

Triangle Publications in addition to ''TV Guide'' owned ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', ''Philadelphia Daily News'', 16 radio and television stations (WFIL AM-FM-TV Philadelphia, PA, WNHC AM-FM-TV New Haven, CT, KFRE AM-FM-TV Fresno, CA, WNBF AM-FM-TV Binghamton, NY, WFBG AM-FM-TV Altoona, PA and WLYH-TV Lancaster/Lebanon, PA) ''The Daily Racing Form'', ''The Morning Telegraph'', ''Seventeen'', and various cable TV interests. It was under Triangle's ownership of WFIL in Philadelphia that Dick Clark and ''American Bandstand'' came to popularity. Triangle Publications sold its Philadelphia newspapers to Knight Newspapers in 1969, its radio and television stations during the early 1970s to Capital Cities Communications and various other interests retaining only ''TV Guide'', ''Seventeen'' Magazine and the ''Daily Racing Form''. Triangle Publications was sold to News America Corporation in 1988 for $3 billion, one of the largest media deals of the time.

News Corporation era

The advent of cable TV was hard on ''TV Guide''. Cable channels began to be listed in TV Guide in 1980 or 1981, depending on the edition. Channels were also different, depending on the edition. Each channel was designated by an oblong bullet of 3 letters; for example, (ESN) represented ESPN. To save channel space, some cable channels (mainly pay channels) had an asterisk by them, which meant that it was only listed in the evening grid (and later the Pay-TV Movie Guide). Channels like (MAX) and (DIS) (Cinemax and Disney, respectively) initially started only in the grids but later expanded to the listings as well.

As the years went on, cable channels were added. To help offset this, the issue of May 11–17, 1985 introduced a smaller font with some other cosmetic changes – a show's length was listed after the show's title, not in the description as it was previously. Another listings change took place in 1996; the show's title was no longer listed in all-uppercase, but mixed case as well.

In 2002, ''TV Guide'' published six special issues to celebrate their 50th year:

TV We'll Always Remember - April 6-12, 2002

Greatest Shows of All Time - May 4-10, 2002

Our 50 Greatest Covers - June 15-21, 2002

50 Worst Shows of All Time - July 20-26, 2002

50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time - August 3-9, 2002

50 Sexiest Stars of All Time - September 28-October 4, 2002

Because most cable systems published their own listing magazine reflecting their channel lineup, and now have a separate guide channel on the remote that opens up to available programming, a printed listing of programming in a separate magazine became less valuable. The sheer amount and diversity of cable TV programming made it hard for ''TV Guide'' to provide listings of the extensive array of programming that came directly over the cable system. ''TV Guide'' also could not match the ability of the cable box to store personalized listings. ''TV Guide'''s circulation went from almost 20 million in 1970 to less than three million in 2007.

By 2003, there was also a list of cable channels (also broadcast channels in some editions) that were listed in the grids only. From its inception until 2003, ''TV Guide'' offered listings for the entire week, 24 hours a day. Beginning with the June 21, 2003 issue (in just a few select markets), the 5am-5pm Monday-Friday listings were condensed down to four grids: 5am-8am, 8am-11am, 11am-2pm, 2pm-5pm. If programming differed from one weekday to the next, "Various Programs" was listed. This change became permanent in all ''TV Guide'' editions beginning with the 2003 Fall Preview issue. Beginning in January 2004, the midnight-5am listings (and also 5am-8am on the Saturday and Sunday listings) did not include any out-of-town broadcast stations, just the edition's home market. Starting in June 2004 in most editions the channel lineup page showing the stations for each local edition was dropped. Starting in July 2004 the overnight listings were taken out entirely, replaced by a grid that ran from 11pm-2am and had the edition's home market broadcast stations, with a handful of cable stations. It also listed a small selection of late-night movies on some channels. The daytime grids also changed from the 5am-5pm listings, to 7am-7pm. In early 2005 more channels were added to the prime-time and late night grids. The magazine also changed format to start the week's issue with Sunday listings, rather than Saturday listings, changing a tradition that started from the magazine's first issue.

On May 18, 2005, ''TV Guide'' launched TV Guide Talk, a weekly podcast available for free. The podcast was headlined by ''TV Guide'' reporter/personality Michael Ausiello, and was co-hosted by his co-workers, Angel Cohn, Daniel Manu, and Maitland McDonagh. The podcast was discontinued in 2008 with Ausiello's move to ''Entertainment Weekly''. ''TV Guide'' was purchased from News Corporation in 1999 by United Video Satellite Group, parent company of the Prevue Networks, which itself was later purchased by the maker of the VCR Plus+ device and schedule system, Gemstar-TV Guide International, partially owned by News Corp.

Gemstar era

On July 26, 2005, Gemstar-TV Guide announced that ''TV Guide'' would change in format from its digest size format to a larger full-size national magazine that will offer more stories and fewer TV listings. All 140 local editions were also eliminated, being replaced by two editions, one for Eastern/Central time zones and one for Pacific/Mountain. The change in format was attributed to the increase in the Internet, cable TV channels (like TV Guide Network), electronic program guides and digital video recorders as the sources of choice for viewers' program listings.

The new version of ''TV Guide'' went on sale on October 17, 2005, and featured Ty Pennington from ''Extreme Makeover: Home Edition'' on the cover. The listings format, now consisting entirely of grids, also changed to start the week's issue with Monday listings rather than Sunday listings.

In September 2006, TV Guide launched a redesigned website with expanded original editorial and user-generated content not included in the print magazine.

On December 22, 2006, ''TV Guide'' introduced the magazine's first ever two-week edition. The edition, which has Rachael Ray on the cover, was issued for the week of December 25, 2006 to January 7, 2007. In early 2008, the daytime Monday-Friday and late night grids were eliminated from the listings section, and the television highlights section was compressed into a six-page review of the week, rather than the previous two pages for each night.

With the acquisition of Gemstar-TV Guide by Macrovision on May 2, 2008, that company, which purchased Gemstar-TV Guide to mostly take advantage of their lucrative and profitable VCR Plus and electronic program guide patents, stated they wanted to sell both the magazine and TV Guide Network, along with the company's TVG horse racing channel to other parties.

OpenGate Capital era

On October 13, 2008, Macrovision sold the money-losing magazine to equity fund OpenGate Capital for $1. As part of the sale, however, the companion website was retained by Macrovision (who then sold it to One Equity Partners), with all editorial connections between the magazine and website severed, including the end of Matt Roush's presence on TVGuide.com. The editorial content of the magazine was launched on a new site, TVGuideMagazine.com, which didn't feature TV Guide's listings in any form. However, TVGuidemagazine.com was shut down on June 1, 2010 and TV Guide Magazine and TVGuide.com entered into a deal to restore content from the magazine to the TVGuide.com website, which Lionsgate bought along with the TV Guide Network in January 2009.

In January 2009, the magazine cut several networks from the grid listings, including DIY Network and MTV, citing "space concerns"; however, two cuts, those of The CW and TV Guide Network, were seen as suspicious and arbitrary, as the guide carries several channels which have the same schedule night after night or are low-viewed and could have easily been cut, while several Fox networks continue to be listed due to agreements with the former News Corporation ownership. It is likely that the network's removal from ''TV Guide'' listings was related to the "divorce" of the website and network from the magazine.

In early February 2009, the listings for The CW and MTV were readded after much protest to the magazine's email addresses, with the listings for several low-viewed networks removed as a consequence. The other listings were slowly re-added, until TV Guide Network's schedule returned to the listings pages in June 2010 with their logo prominent within the grids as part of the deal with Lionsgate's TV Guide division mentioned above.

U.S. TV

In 1998, the ''TV Guide'' brand and magazine was acquired by United Video Satellite Group, parent company of the Prevue Channel (now TV Guide Network). Like its predecessor, the original TV Guide Channel scrolled TV listings on the bottom portion of the screen. Until around 2002, the programs on the TV Guide Channel generally only lasted from 30 seconds to a minute, and thus usually appeared once to twice per hour. For instance, a show might appear at 12:25 and again at 1:55. However, over the early 2000s, the channel's focus shifted to full-length programs featuring celebrity gossip and movie talk.

In May 2007, Gemstar Media, a subsidiary of Gemstar-TV Guide Inc., renamed the TV Guide Channel to the TV Guide Network, stating that the new name reflects a new direction towards more original content and entertainment features in addition to its traditional listings function.

Today, TV Guide Network runs programs such as the weekly entertainment news magazine, ''The 411'', and red-carpet event coverage (originally hosted by Joan and Melissa Rivers). In mid-2007, the mother-daughter duo were unceremoniously dropped by ''TV Guide'' in favor of both Lisa Rinna and Joey Fatone, whose popularities had been on the rise in the wake of their recent appearances on ''Dancing With the Stars''.

To further distinguish itself from other television guides, ''TV Guide'' re-branded itself as ''TV GUIDE Magazine''. The original name is now capitalized and "Magazine" always follows.

Other usage of the ''TV Guide'' name

The term "TV guide" has partly become a genericized trademark to describe other TV listings appearing on the web and in newspapers. Read/Write Web published "Your Guide to Online TV Guides: 10 Services Compared." Techcrunch in 2006 offered "Overview: The End of Paper TV Guides." ''TV Guides'' is also the name of an interactive video and sound installation produced in 1995 with assistance from the Canada Council and shown at SIGGRAPH 1999. National TV guides are also published in other countries, but none of these are believed to be affiliated with the North American publication.

In Australia during the 1970s a version of ''TV Guide'' was published under license by Southdown Press. That version merged with competitor publication ''TV Week'' in 1980. TV Week has a very similar logo to the TV Guide logo.

New Zealand has a digest-sized paper called ''TV Guide'', not associated with the United States or Canadian publications. It has the largest circulation of any national magazine, and is published by Fairfax Media.

Mexico offers a digest-sized publication called ''TV Guía'', unrelated with the US publication. It is published by Editorial Televisa.

In Italy, a digest-size ''Guida TV'' is published by Mondadori since September 1976.

Other notable television listings magazines

In the United Kingdom, the ''Radio Times'', ''TV Choice'' and ''TV Times'' are amongst the most popular. In Germany, people have the choice of about 50 different ''TV Guide''s; some of them showing the TV listings for the next 2 or even 4 weeks ahead.

See also

List of TV Guide covers

List of TV Guide editions

TV Guide Canada

TV Guide Network

TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time

References

External links

TV Guide back issues from 1948–2005

List of TV Guide Magazines

Category:Listings magazines Category:American weekly magazines Category:News Corporation subsidiaries Category:Entertainment magazines Category:Publications established in 1953 Category:Television magazines Category:Television websites Category:Online periodicals with defunct print editions Category:American magazines

bs:TV Guide (magazin) de:TV Guide (USA und Kanada) el:TV Guide es:TV Guide it:TV Guide ja:週刊TVガイド pl:TV Guide pt:TV Guide ru:TV Guide simple:TV Guide (magazine) sh:TV Guide (magazin) sv:TV Guide tr:TV Guide zh:電視指南

birth date	August 11, 1965
birth place	St. Matthews, South Carolina, United States
occupation	Actress
yearsactive	1996–present
spouse	Julius Tennon (2003–present) }}

Viola Davis (born August 11, 1965) is an American actress. Known primarily as a stage actress, Davis won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play and a Drama Desk Award for her role in ''King Hedley II'' (2001). She won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for her role in the 2010 production of ''Fences''. She won a second Drama Desk Award for ''Intimate Apparel'' (2004).

Her films include ''Traffic'' (2000), ''Antwone Fisher'' (2002), and ''Solaris'' (2002). Her eight-minute-long performance in the film adaptation of John Patrick Shanley's ''Doubt'' (2008) garnered several honors, including a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Early life

Davis was born on her grandmother's farm in St. Matthews, South Carolina. Her mother, Mary, was a maid and factory worker, and her father, Dan Davis, was a horse trainer. Her family moved to Central Falls, Rhode Island when she was two months old.

Davis credits in part her involvement in the arts at her Alma mater, Central Falls High School, for her love of stage acting. Davis majored in theatre at Rhode Island College, graduating in 1988; in 2002 she received an honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from the college. She was involved in the federal TRIO Upward Bound and TRIO Student Support Services programs. While Davis was a teenager, her talent was recognized by Bernard Masterson when, as director of Young People's School for the Performing Arts in Rhode Island, he awarded Davis a scholarship into that program.

She also attended the Juilliard School for four years, characterizing the experience as a "hot mess".

Career

In 2001, she was awarded the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her portrayal of Tonya in ''King Hedley II'', a "35-year-old mother fighting eloquently for the right to abort a pregnancy." She has also received two Drama Desk Awards, for her work in ''King Hedley II'' and, in 2004, for her work in an off-Broadway production of ''Intimate Apparel'' by Lynn Nottage.

Davis appears in numerous films, including three films directed by Steven Soderbergh - ''Out of Sight'', ''Solaris'' and ''Traffic'', as well as ''Syriana'', which Soderbergh produced. Viola is also the uncredited voice of the parole board interrogator who questions Danny Ocean (George Clooney) in the first scene in ''Ocean's Eleven''. She also gave brief performances in the films ''Kate & Leopold'' and ''Antwone Fisher''. Her television work includes a recurring role in ''Law & Order: Special Victims Unit''; a starring role in the short-lived ''Traveler''; and a special guest appearance in "Badge", a ''Law & Order: Criminal Intent'' episode.

In 2008, Davis played Mrs. Miller in the film adaption to the Broadway play, ''Doubt'' with Meryl Streep, Philip Seymour Hoffman, and Amy Adams. She was nominated for several awards for this performance, including a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

On June 30, 2009, Davis was inducted into The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

On June 13, 2010, Davis won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for her role as Rose Maxson in a revival of August Wilson's ''Fences''. She is the second African-American woman to win the award, after Phylicia Rashād.

Davis played the role of Dr. Minerva in ''It's Kind of a Funny Story'', a coming-of-age film written and directed by Anna Boden with Ryan Fleck, adapted from the 2006 novel by Ned Vizzini.

In August 2011, Davis joined Octavia Spencer, Emma Stone and Bryce Dallas Howard in DreamWorks' production of ''The Help'', in which she played the stalwart domestic, "Aibileen Clark." The film was directed by Tate Taylor, and produced by Brunson Green, Chris Columbus, Michael Barnathan, and Mark Radcliffe. Her role has garnered her critical acclaim, and has started buzz for various awards nominations.

Personal life

Davis has been married to actor Julius Tennon since June 2003. They have two children from Tennon's previous relationships.

Filmography

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1996	''''	Nurse
1998	''Out of Sight''	Moselle
2000		Social Worker
2001	''''	Robin
2001	''Kate & Leopold''	Policewoman
2002	''Far from Heaven''	Sybil
2002		Eva May	Nominated — Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female
2002		Gordon
2005		Grandma
2005	''Syriana''	CIA Chairwoman	uncredited
2006	''''	Tonya Neely
2006		Mother in hospital
2007		Detective Parker
2008		Jean
2008		Mrs. Miller
2009		Ellen
2009		Dr. Judith Franklin
2009	''Law Abiding Citizen''	Mayor April Henry
2010	''Knight & Day''	Director George
2010	''Eat Pray Love''	Delia
2010		Dr. Minerva
2010	''Trust''	Gail Friedman
2011		Aibileen Clark
2011

Television

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1996	''NYPD Blue''	Woman	Episode: "Moby Greg"
1996	''New York Undercover''	Mrs. Stapleton	Episode: "Smack is Back"
1998	''''	Platoon Sgt. Fanning
1998	''Grace & Glorie''	Rosemary Allbright
2000	''Judging Amy''	Celeste	Episode: "Blast from the Past"
2000		Nurse Lynnette Peeler	19 episodes
2001	''Amy & Isabelle''	Dottie
2001		Dr. Eleanor Weiss	Episode: "You Can Count On Me"
2001	''''		Episode: "The Men from the Boys"
2001	''Third Watch''	Margo Rodriguez	Episode: "Act Brave"
2002	''Father Lefty''
2002	''Law & Order: Criminal Intent''	Terry Randolph	Episode: "Badge"
2002	''''	Dr. Georgia Davis	Episode: "Remembrance"
2002	''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation''	Attorney Campbell	Episode: "The Execution of Catherine Willows"
2003		Stevie Morgan	Episode: "Third Strike"
2003	''''	Aisha Crenshaw	Episode: "We the People"
2004		Hannah Crane	9 episodes
2005		Molly Crane
2005		Victoria Rossi	Episode: "Shock"
2006		Molly Crane
2006		Molly Crane
2006	''Without a Trace''	Audrey Williams	Episode: "White Balance"
2006	''Life Is Not a Fairytale: The Fantasia Barrino Story''	Diane Barrino
2007	''Fort Pit''
2007	''Jesse Stone: Sea Change''	Molly Crane
2007		Agent Jan Marlow	8 episodes
2008		Ellen Snyder	Episode: "Double Negative"
2008	''''	Dr. Charlene Barton
2003–08	''Law & Order: Special Victims Unit''	Donna Emmett	7 episodes from 2003 until 2008
2009	''United States of Tara''	Lynda P Frazier

Theatre Credits

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1996	Seven Guitars	Vera	BroadwayMar 28, 1996 - Sep 8, 1996Theatre World AwardNominated - Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a PlayNominated - Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play
1997	God's Heart	Eleanor	Off Broadway
1998		2nd Fisherman/Lychorida/Bawd	Off Broadway
	Everybody's Ruby	Ruby McCollum	Off Broadway Nominated - Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play
The Vagina Monologues	Performer (Replacement)	Off Broadway
2001	King Hedley II	Tonya	Broadway May 1, 2001 - Jul 1, 2001Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a PlayTony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play
2004	Intimate Apparel	Esther	Off Broadway Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play
2010		Rose	Broadway Revival Apr 26, 2010 - Jul 11, 2010Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a PlayTony Award for Best Actress in a Play

References

External links

Category:1965 births Category:Actors from South Carolina Category:African American film actors Category:African American stage actors Category:African American television actors Category:Drama Desk Award winners Category:Living people Category:Rhode Island College alumni Category:Tony Award winners

cy:Viola Davis de:Viola Davis es:Viola Davis fr:Viola Davis id:Viola Davis it:Viola Davis he:ויולה דיוויס nl:Viola Davis ja:ヴィオラ・デイヴィス pl:Viola Davis pt:Viola Davis ru:Дэвис, Виола sv:Viola Davis tl:Viola Davis th:วิโอลา เดวิส

alt	Christian Bale in a black suit at a movie premiere.
birth name	Christian Charles Philip Bale
birth date	January 30, 1974
birth place	Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales, United Kingdom
occupation	Actor
years active	1982–present
spouse	Sandra Blažić (2000–present; 1 daughter) }}

Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English actor. Best known for his roles in American films, Bale has starred in both big budget Hollywood films and the smaller projects from independent producers and art houses.

Bale first caught the public eye at the age of 13, when he was cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg's ''Empire of the Sun'' (1987). He played an English boy who is separated from his parents and subsequently finds himself lost in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. He is notable for his role as serial killer Patrick Bateman in ''American Psycho'' (2000), and for portraying Bruce Wayne/Batman in Christopher Nolan's ''Batman Begins'' (2005) and ''The Dark Knight'' (2008).

In 2010, Bale played Dicky Eklund in the biopic ''The Fighter''. He received critical acclaim for his role and won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role.

Early life

Bale was born in Wales to parents of English descent. His South African–born father, David Bale, was an entrepreneur, commercial pilot, and talent manager, and his mother, Jenny James, was a performer. He is the youngest of four children. After leaving Britain at the age of 2 in 1976, Bale spent his childhood in several countries, such as Portugal.

Settling for four years in Bournemouth and Henley-on-Thames, Bale was educated at Shiplake Church of England Primary School, the independent Dolphin School, Berkshire, and at Bournemouth School. He played rugby. Bale has described his childhood, with respect to his mother being in the circus, as "interesting." He recalled his first kiss was with an acrobat named Barta.

As a child, he trained in ballet and guitar. His sister Louise's work in theatre also influenced his decision to become an actor. Bale's father was very supportive of his son's acting, resigning from his job as a commercial pilot to travel and manage Bale's burgeoning career. The elder Bale later married feminist icon Gloria Steinem. He passed away, at age 62, on 30 December 2003 from brain lymphoma.

Bale's first foray into acting was a commercial for the fabric softener Lenor in 1982, when he was 8 years old. A year later, he appeared in a ''Pac-Man'' cereal commercial playing a child rock star. In 1984, he made his stage debut in ''The Nerd'', opposite Rowan Atkinson.

Career

1986–1998

Bale made his film debut as Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia in the made-for-television film ''Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna'' in 1986, which was followed by leading roles in the miniseries ''Heart of the Country'' and the fantasy adventure ''Mio in the Land of Faraway'', in which he appeared with Christopher Lee and Nick Pickard.

In 1987, Amy Irving, his co-star in ''Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna'', recommended Bale to her then-husband, Steven Spielberg, for a role in ''Empire of the Sun'', adapted from the J.G. Ballard semi-autobiography. Bale's performance as Jim Graham earned him widespread critical praise and the first ever "Best Performance by a Juvenile Actor" award from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. The attention the press and his schoolmates lavished upon him after this took a toll on Bale, and he contemplated giving up acting until Kenneth Branagh approached him and persuaded him to appear in ''Henry V'' in 1989. In 1990, he played the role of Jim Hawkins opposite Charlton Heston (as Long John Silver) in ''Treasure Island'', an adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's classic book.

In 1992, Bale starred as Jack Kelly in the Disney musical ''Newsies'', and followed it up in 1993 with another release, ''Swing Kids'', a movie about teenagers who secretly listened to forbidden jazz during the rise of Nazi Germany. Bale was recommended by actress Winona Ryder to star in Gillian Armstrong's 1994 film ''Little Women''. Bale provided the voice for Thomas, a young compatriot of Captain John Smith, in Disney's ''Pocahontas'' (1995) and in 1997 played Arthur Stuart in ''Velvet Goldmine'', Todd Haynes' tribute to glam rock. In 1999, Bale contributed to an all-star cast, including Kevin Kline, Michelle Pfeiffer, Stanley Tucci, and Rupert Everett, portraying Demetrius in an updated version of William Shakespeare's ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''.

1999–2001

In 1999, Bale played serial killer Patrick Bateman in ''American Psycho'', director Mary Harron's adaptation of Bret Easton Ellis' controversial novel. Bale was briefly dropped from the project in favor of Leonardo DiCaprio, but DiCaprio eventually dropped out to star in ''The Beach'', and Bale was cast once again. He researched his character by studying the novel and prepared himself physically for the role by spending months tanning and exercising in order to achieve the "Olympian physique" of the character as described in the original novel. He went so far as to distance himself from the cast and crew to maintain the darker side of Bateman's character. ''American Psycho'' premiered at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival to much controversy. Roger Ebert condemned the film at first, calling it pornography, and "the most loathed film at Sundance," but gave it a favourable review, writing that Harron "transformed a novel about bloodlust into a movie about men's vanity." Of Bale's performance, he wrote, "Christian Bale is heroic in the way he allows the character to leap joyfully into despicability; there is no instinct for self-preservation here, and that is one mark of a good actor."

On 14 April 2000, Lions Gate Films released ''American Psycho'' in theatres. Bale was later approached to make a cameo appearance in another Bret Easton Ellis adaptation, ''The Rules of Attraction'', a film loosely connected to ''American Psycho'', but he declined out of loyalty to Harron's vision of Bateman, which he felt could not be properly expressed by anyone else. In 2000, he again played a wealthy murderer, this time in John Singleton's ''Shaft''.

Bale has played an assortment of diverse characters since 2001. His first role after ''American Psycho'' was in the John Madden adaptation of the best-selling novel ''Captain Corelli's Mandolin''. Bale played Mandras, a Greek fisherman who vied with Nicolas Cage's title character for the affections of Pelagia (Penelope Cruz). ''Captain Corelli's Mandolin'' was Bale's second time working with John Hurt, after ''All the Little Animals''.

2002–2004

From 2002 to 2003, Bale starred in three feature films. ''Laurel Canyon'' (2002) was generally well received by critics. This film also marked the second time he worked with actress Kate Beckinsale, his costar in ''Prince of Jutland'' (1994). Critics generally focused on star Frances McDormand's performance over the rest of the cast, however.

''Reign of Fire'' was Bale's first action vehicle and had, compared to all his previous work, an immense budget estimated at US$95,000,000. Bale entered into negotiations about starring in the film with reservations, but director Rob Bowman convinced him to take the lead role. Bale starred as Quinn Abercromby opposite Matthew McConaughey's Denton Van Zan. Bale and McConaughey trained for their respective roles by boxing and working out.

''Equilibrium'' was Bale's third film of 2002, costing US$20 million to produce but earning just over US$5 million worldwide. In ''Equilibrium'', Bale played John Preston, an elite law enforcer in a dystopian society. ''Equilibrium'' featured a fictional martial art called Gun Kata that combined gunfighting with hand-to-hand combat. According to moviebodycounts.com, the character of John Preston has the third most on-screen kills in a single movie ever with 118, exactly half of the movie's total of 236.

After a year's hiatus, Bale returned in 2004 to play Trevor Reznik, the title character in the psychological thriller ''The Machinist''. Bale gained attention for his devotion to the role and for the lengths to which he went to achieve Reznik's emaciated, skeletal appearance. He went without proper rest for prolonged periods, and placed himself on a crash diet of generally coffee and apples, which reduced his weight by 63 pounds () in a matter of months. By the end of filming Bale weighed only 121 pounds (), a transformation he described as "very calming mentally" and which drew comparisons to Robert De Niro's alternate weight-gaining regimen for his role as Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film ''Raging Bull''. Bale claimed that he had not worked for a period of time before he was cast in the film. "...I just hadn't found scripts that I'd really been interested in. So I was really dying for something to arrive. Then when this one did, I just didn't want to put it down. I finished it and, upon the kind of revelation that you get at the end, I immediately wanted to go back and re-visit it, to take a look at what clues I could have gotten throughout". ''The Machinist'' was a low-budget production, costing roughly US$5 million to produce, and was given only a limited US release. It was well received, with the review tallying website Rotten Tomatoes reporting that 75% of the critics' reviews tallied were positive.

Bale, an admirer of Hayao Miyazaki's ''Spirited Away'', was then cast as the voice of the title character, Howl, in the English language dub of the Japanese director's fantasy anime adventure ''Howl's Moving Castle'', an adaptation of Diana Wynne Jones's children's novel. Its gross in the US was US$4,711,096, a fraction of its worldwide gross (US$235,184,110).

Batman: 2005–present

It was reported that Bale had previously auditioned for the role of Robin in ''Batman Forever'' (1995) and later ''Batman and Robin'' (1997), but lost out to Chris O'Donnell. However, this rumor was later dispelled by Bale himself in a magazine interview in 2008. In 2004, after completing filming for ''The Machinist'', Bale won the coveted role of Batman and his alter ego Bruce Wayne in Christopher Nolan's ''Batman Begins'', a reboot of the Batman film series. Bale beat out Jake Gyllenhaal, the closest competition for the role.

Still fresh off ''The Machinist'', it became necessary for Bale to bulk up to match Batman's muscular physique. He was given a deadline of six months to do this. Bale recalled it as far from a simple accomplishment: "...when it actually came to building muscle, I was useless. I couldn't do one push up the first day. All of the muscles were gone, so I had a real tough time rebuilding all of that." With the help of a personal trainer, Bale succeeded in meeting the deadline, gaining a total of in six months. He went from about 130 lbs to 230 lbs. He then discovered that he had actually gained more weight than the director desired, and dropped his weight to 190 lbs by the time filming began.

Bale had initial concerns about playing Batman, as he felt more ridiculous than intimidating in the Batsuit. He dealt with this by depicting Batman as a savage beast. To attain a deeper understanding of the character, Bale read various Batman comic books. He explained his interpretation of the young boy: "Batman is his hidden, demonic rage-filled side. The creature Batman creates is an absolutely sincere creature and one that he has to control but does so in a very haphazard way. He's capable of enacting violence — and to kill — so he's constantly having to rein himself in." For Bale, the most gruelling part about playing Batman was the suit. "You stick it on, you get hot, you sweat and you get a headache in the mask," he said. "But I'm not going to bitch about it because I get to play Batman." When promoting the film in interviews and public events, Bale retained an American accent to avoid confusion.

''Batman Begins'' was released in the U.S. on 15 June 2005 and was a U.S. and international triumph for Warner Bros., costing approximately US$135 million to produce and taking in over US$370 million in returns worldwide. Bale earned the Best Hero award at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards for his performance.

Bale reprised his role as Batman in the ''Batman Begins'' sequel ''The Dark Knight''. He trained in the Keysi Fighting Method, and performed many of his own stunts. ''The Dark Knight'' was released in the U.S. on 18 July 2008 and stormed through the box office, with a record-breaking $158.4 million in the U.S. in its first weekend. It broke the $300 million barrier in 10 days, the $400 million mark in 18 days and the $500 million mark in 43 days, three new U.S. box office records set by the film. The film went on to gross over $1 billion at the box office worldwide, making it the fourth-highest grossing movie worldwide of all time, before adjusting for inflation.

It has been confirmed that Bale will star in the third projected movie in the rebooted franchise, ''The Dark Knight Rises'', which will be released on 20 July 2012, making Bale the actor who has played Batman more times than any other actor in feature film. Bale has given the same opinion as Nolan that, if the latter was forced to bring Robin into the films, he would never again play Batman; even though one of his favorite Batman stories, ''Batman: Dark Victory'', focuses on Robin's origin.

2006–2009

After ''Batman Begins'', Bale returned to appearing in independent films. He was cast as one of the two leads in the South Central David Ayer-helmed crime drama ''Harsh Times'', co-starring with Freddy Rodriguez and Eva Longoria. Bale played Jim Luther Davis, a grim Afghanistan War veteran afflicted with post-traumatic stress disorder, approached by the Department of Homeland Security and hired as a federal agent. ''Harsh Times'' premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival and had a wide release on 10 November 2006.

Terrence Malick directed ''The New World'', a period piece inspired by the stories of Pocahontas, and Bale was cast as John Rolfe. He shared the screen with Colin Farrell and Q'Orianka Kilcher, who played John Smith and Pocahontas. The majority of screen time was devoted to Farrell and Kilcher; Bale was a secondary character, and only appeared during the last third of the film. The film was a failure at the U.S. box office and its worldwide total (US$29,506,437) fell short of turning a profit (the production budget was placed at US$30 million).

In 2006, Bale took on four projects. ''Rescue Dawn'', by German filmmaker Werner Herzog, had him playing U.S. Fighter pilot Dieter Dengler, who has to fight for his life after being shot down while on a mission during the Vietnam War. Bale left a strong impression on Herzog, with the director complimenting his acting abilities: "I find him one of the greatest talents of his generation. We made up our own minds long before he did ''Batman''." }}In ''The Prestige'', an adaptation of the Christopher Priest novel about a rivalry between two Victorian stage magicians, Bale was reunited with ''Batman Begins'' Michael Caine and director Christopher Nolan. The cast of ''The Prestige'' also included Hugh Jackman, Scarlett Johansson, Piper Perabo, and David Bowie. ''I'm Not There'', a film in which Bale again worked alongside Todd Haynes and Heath Ledger (who would go on to play The Joker in ''The Dark Knight''), is an artistic reflection of the life of Bob Dylan. He starred opposite Russell Crowe in a commercially and critically successful Western film, ''3:10 to Yuma''.

Bale was originally cast to play George W. Bush in Oliver Stone's film ''W.'', but dropped out due to the prosthetics involved. Bale played John Connor in ''Terminator Salvation'' and FBI agent Melvin Purvis in Michael Mann's ''Public Enemies''.

''Terminator Salvation'' incident

In July 2008, Bale flew into an angry tirade on the sets of ''Terminator Salvation'', while filming in New Mexico. In February 2009, the audio recording of the incident was released. The tirade was directed at Shane Hurlbut, director of photography for the film. According to Bale, Hurlbut had, for the second time, ruined his concentration by walking onto the set during a scene. The recording is of a highly agitated Bale directing profanities at Hurlbut, threatening and belittling him, and finally threatening to quit the film if Hurlbut repeated his offence without being fired for it. It was reported that Warner film executives sent the tape to the insurer of the film in case Bale decided to quit the movie. In an interview with ''E! Online'', assistant director and producer of ''Terminator Salvation'', Bruce Franklin, said it was an isolated incident. "If you are working in a very intense scene and someone takes you out of your groove ... It was the most emotional scene in the movie ... [A]nd for him to get stopped in the middle of it. He is very intensely involved in his character. He didn't walk around like that all day long. It was just a moment and it passed," Franklin said.

Actors Whoopi Goldberg and Terry Crews, directors Darren Aronofsky and Ron Howard, as well as ''Ain't It Cool News'' website creator Harry Knowles have also publicly defended Bale's actions, some of them citing the practice that crew members are to remain still while the camera is rolling. The incident also inspired experimental band The Mae Shi to write the song, "R U Professional", which features samples from the recording; similarly, Lucian Piane's remix "Bale Out" is composed almost enirely of audio from the incident. Stephen Colbert parodied the incident on the 4 February 2009 episode of ''The Colbert Report'', in which guest Steve Martin repeatedly walked in front of the camera and was berated by Colbert. The incident was re-enacted on ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'', with ''Inside the Actor's Studio'' host James Lipton giving performances of both Bale and the crewmember. An episode of the animated comedy series ''Family Guy'' also mixed in the voice of Peter Griffin interacting with Bale and reacting to Bale's comments as if they were directed at him to comedic effect.

After remaining silent for most of the week, Bale gave a public apology on 6 February 2009, to a Los Angeles radio station, KROQ. He stated that the outburst was "inexcusable" and that it was motivated by the day's shooting intensity. Bale said he "acted like a punk", and that he and Hurlbut talked after the incident and "resolved this completely". Bale acknowledged that the two worked together for several hours after the incident, and ''"at least a month after that... I've seen a rough cut of the movie and he has done a wonderful job. It looks fantastic"''.

2010–present

Bale starred alongside Mark Wahlberg in the David O. Russell-directed 2010 drama ''The Fighter'', for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and thirty other awards in 2011. Near the end of his acceptance speech during the televised Golden Globes awards ceremony, Bale complemented Robert DeNiro by saying he was "the shit". The comment was censored by NBC.

Writer/director Joe Carnahan confirmed in November 2007 that Bale is also involved in the upcoming movie ''Killing Pablo'' in which he is to play Major Steve Jacoby. According to a ''Nuts'' magazine interview, Bale stated that he will be in the running to play the role of Solid Snake in a film adaptation of ''Metal Gear Solid''. Niels Arden Oplev, director of ''The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo'', is to have Bale as lead in his current project ''The Last Photograph'', which Oplev hopes to start filming early 2011. Bale will also star in the upcoming untitled film from Terrence Malick.

Personal life

On 29 January 2000, Bale married Sandra "Sibi" Blažić (born 1970), a former model, make-up artist and personal assistant to Winona Ryder; the couple have a daughter, Emmeline, who was born on 27 March 2005 in Santa Monica, California. Since 1992, Bale has resided in Los Angeles.

Bale has three elder sisters – Erin Bale, a musician; Sharon Bale, a computer professional; and Louise Bale, a theatre actress and director. The Bale family is deeply rooted in show business, especially theatre. Bale is a distant relative of British actress Lillie Langtry, while his uncle, Rex Bale, and maternal grandfather were actors as well.

Like his late father, Christian Bale actively supports environmental groups such as Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund. Feminist activist Gloria Steinem became Christian Bale's stepmother on 3 September 2000; it was her first marriage (at the age of 66), and the couple were together until David's death.

During an interview promoting his 2009 film ''Public Enemies'', Bale said he is a video game fan, specifically of the ''Metal Gear Solid'' series. When questioned about his time spent playing the game, Bale stated that he prefers to devote his spare time to constructive things and dislikes discussing his personal life.

Bale has stated that he is a big fan of late comedian Chris Farley and of Farley's film ''Beverly Hills Ninja''.

Film and television credits

+ List of film and television credits
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1985	''''	Rufus
1986	''Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna''		TV movie
1987	''Heart of the Country''	Ben Harris
1987		BenkeJum-Jum
1987		Jamie "Jim" Graham
1989		Falstaff's Boy
1990			TV movie
1991	''''	Tim Perkins	TV movie
1992	''Newsies''	Jack "Cowboy" KellyFrancis Sullivan
1993		Thomas Berger
1994	''Prince of Jutland''	Amled
1994		Theodore "Laurie" Lawrence
1995		Thomas	Voice only
1996	''''	Edward Rosier
1996	''''	Stevie
1997		Chris Lloyd
1998	''Velvet Goldmine''	Arthur Stuart
1998	''All the Little Animals''	Bobby Platt
1999	''''	Demetrius
1999			TV movie
2000		Patrick Bateman
2000		Walter Wade, Jr.
2001		Mandras
2002		Sam Bentley
2002		Quinn Abercromby
2002		Cleric John Preston
2004	''''	Trevor Reznik
2004
2005	''Batman Begins''
2005			Video gameVoice only
2005	''Harsh Times''	Jim Luther Davis	Also executive producer
2005	''''	John Rolfe
2006	''Rescue Dawn''	Dieter Dengler
2006	''''	Alfred Borden
2007		Dan Evans
2007	''I'm Not There''
2008	''''
2009	''Terminator Salvation''	John Connor
2009		Melvin Purvis
2010	''	Dicky Eklund
TBA	''13 Flowers of Nanjing''		''Filming''
2012	''''		''Filming''

Awards and nominations

+ List of awards and award nominations
! Year	! Award	! Award category	! Title of work	! Result
1987	National Board of Review	Best Juvenile Performance
1988	Young Artist Award		''Empire of the Sun''
2001	Chlotrudis Awards	Best Actor
2001	Empire Award	Best Actor	''American Psycho''
2001	London Film Critics' Circle Awards	British Actor of the Year	''American Psycho''
2001		Best Actor	''American Psycho''
2004		Best Actor	''''
2005	Irish Film and Television Award	Best International Actor	''Batman Begins''
2005	European Film Awards	Best Actor	''''
2005	Saturn Award	Best Actor	''''
2006	London Film Critics' Circle Awards	British Actor of the Year	''''
2006	MTV Movie Awards	Best Hero	''Batman Begins''
2006	Empire Awards	Best Actor	''Batman Begins''
2006	Saturn Awards	Best Actor	''Batman Begins''
2006	Scream Awards	Best Superhero	''Batman Begins''
2006	Scream Awards	Most Heroic Performance	''Batman Begins''
2007	Empire Award	Best Actor	''''
2007	San Diego Film Critics Society Awards	Special Award
2007	Satellite Award	Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Drama	''Rescue Dawn''
2008	London Film Critics' Circle Awards	British Actor of the Year
2008	Independent Spirit Award	Robert Altman Award (with Todd Haynes, Laura Rosenthal, Cate Blanchett,Richard Gere, Heath Ledger, Ben Whishaw, Marcus Carl Franklin, Bruce Greenwood, Charlotte Gainsbourg)	''I'm Not There''
2008	Scream Awards	Best Fantasy Actor	''''
2008	Scream Awards	Best Superhero	''''
2009	Empire Awards	Best Actor	''''
2009		Favorite Male Acvion Star	''''
2009	People's Choice Awards	Favorite Leading Man	''''
2009	People's Choice Awards	Favorite Superhero	''''
2009	People's Choice Awards	Favorite On Screen Match Up (with Heath Ledger)	''''
2009	People's Choice Awards	Favorite Cast (with Heath Ledger, Gary Oldman, Michael Caine,Morgan Freeman, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal)	''''
2009	West Point Cadet Choice Awards	Best Exemplification of Leadership	''''
2009	Saturn Award	Best Actor	''''
2010	BAFTA Award		''''
2010	Alliance of Women Film Journalists	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Austin Film Critics Association		''''
2010	Black Film Critics Circle	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Boston Society of Film Critics	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Boston Society of Film Critics		''''
2010	Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards		''''
2010	Central Ohio Film Critics Circle Association Awards	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Central Ohio Film Critics Circle Association Awards		''''
2010	Chicago Film Critics Association	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Denver Film Critics Society	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Detroit Film Critics Society	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Florida Film Critics Circle	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010			''''
2010	Houston Film Critics Society	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010		Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Kansas City Film Critics Circle	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Las Vegas Film Critics Society	Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	London Film Critics' Circle	British Actor of the Year	''''
2010	National Board of Review	National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	New York Film Critics Online	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	North Texas Film Critics Association	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Oklahoma Film Critics Circle	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Online Film Critics Society	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Phoenix Film Critics Society	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	San Diego Film Critics Society	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	San Diego Film Critics Society		''''
2010	Satellite Awards	Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture	''''
2011	Screen Actors Guild Awards	Best Cast	''''
2011	Screen Actors Guild Awards	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Utah Film Critics Association	Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Vancouver Film Critics Circle		''''
2010	Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association	Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor	''''
2010	Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association	Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association	''''
2011	[[Academy Awards	Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor	''''

References

External links

Category:1974 births Category:People educated at Bournemouth School Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners Category:English child actors Category:English expatriates in the United States Category:English film actors Category:Living people Category:People from Haverfordwest Category:People from Bournemouth Category:People from the Greater Los Angeles Area

ar:كريستيان بيل an:Christian Bale az:Kristian Beyl bg:Крисчън Бейл ca:Christian Bale cs:Christian Bale cy:Christian Bale da:Christian Bale de:Christian Bale es:Christian Bale eu:Christian Bale fa:کریستین بیل fr:Christian Bale ga:Christian Bale gl:Christian Bale ko:크리스찬 베일 hr:Christian Bale id:Christian Bale it:Christian Bale he:כריסטיאן בייל ka:კრისტიან ბეილი la:Christianus Bale hu:Christian Bale mk:Кристијан Бејл ml:ക്രിസ്റ്റ്യൻ ബെയ്ൽ ms:Christian Bale nl:Christian Bale ja:クリスチャン・ベール no:Christian Bale pl:Christian Bale pt:Christian Bale ro:Christian Bale ru:Бэйл, Кристиан sq:Christian Bale simple:Christian Bale sk:Christian Bale sr:Кристијан Бејл fi:Christian Bale sv:Christian Bale ta:கிரிஸ்டியன் பேல் th:คริสเตียน เบล tr:Christian Bale uk:Крістіан Бейл vi:Christian Bale yo:Christian Bale zh:克里斯汀·貝爾

name	Jennifer Lawrence
birthname	Jennifer Shrader Lawrence
birth date	August 15, 1990
birth place	Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
other name	Jen
occupation	Actress
years active	2006–present
website	}}

Jennifer Shrader Lawrence (born August 15, 1990) is an American film and television actress. She has had lead roles in TBS's ''The Bill Engvall Show'' and in the independent films ''The Burning Plain'' and ''Winter's Bone'', for which she received critical acclaim and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. At age 20, this made her the second youngest actress to ever be nominated for the award. She was cast as Katniss Everdeen in the upcoming 2012 film, ''The Hunger Games'', which is based on the first book in The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins.

Early life

Lawrence was born and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, the daughter of Karen (Koch), who runs a children's camp, and Gary Lawrence, who once owned a concrete construction firm, Lawrence & Associates. She acted in church plays and, by the age of 14, had decided to pursue an acting career, persuading her parents to take her to New York City to find a talent agent. Although she had no training or experience, she received high praise from the agency for which she auditioned. She graduated from high school two years early in order to begin a career in acting.

Career

Lawrence starred in Guillermo Arriaga's directorial debut ''The Burning Plain'', opposite Charlize Theron and Kim Basinger. Her performance in the film earned her the Marcello Mastroianni Award for best young emerging actor/actress during the Venice Film Festival in 2008.

She was part of the main cast of the TBS comedy ''The Bill Engvall Show'' as Lauren Pearson. Written and created by Bill Engvall and Michael Leeson, the show is set in a Denver suburb and follows the life of 'Bill Pearson' (played by Engvall), a family counselor whose own family could use a little dose of counseling. The series was canceled in 2009 after having aired three seasons.

Lawrence's other film credits include a lead role in Lori Petty's ''The Poker House'' opposite Selma Blair and Bokeem Woodbine as well as roles in ''Devil You Know'' and ''Garden Party''. Her television credits include roles on ''Cold Case'', ''Medium'', and ''Monk''. She is also featured in the music video for the song "The Mess I Made", from the album ''Losing Sleep'' by Parachute.

Lawrence had the lead role, frequently cited as a "breakout performance" for her, in Debra Granik's ''Winter's Bone'' (which won best picture at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010). She portrays seventeen-year-old Ree Dolly in the rural Ozarks, caring for her mentally-ill mother and her younger brother and sister, when she discovers that her father has put their house and land up as a bond for a court appearance. The performance was highly acclaimed by film critics: David Denby, writing in ''The New Yorker'', said "the movie would be unimaginable with anyone less charismatic playing Ree." Lawrence received an Oscar nomination for Best Actress from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, for the role, on January 25, 2011. She is the second-youngest person to date to be nominated for the category.

Lawrence had a role in ''The Beaver'', a dark comedy starring Jodie Foster and Mel Gibson. ''The Beaver'' was filmed in 2009, but after spending an extended period of time stalled due to controversy surrounding Gibson, it received a release date of May 6, 2011. Lawrence also has a starring role in the independent film ''Like Crazy,'' which premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and has reportedly been picked up by Paramount Pictures for a wider release. In June 2011, Lawrence appeared as shape-shifting villainess Mystique in ''X-Men: First Class'', a prequel to the rest of the ''X-Men'' film series. Lawrence's Mystique is a younger version of the character played by Rebecca Romijn in earlier ''X-Men'' films. Lawrence is also set to star alongside Elisabeth Shue in Mark Tonderai's thriller ''House at the End of the Street'', which completed filming in 2010 and is in post-production.

Lawrence has stated that she has never taken drama classes or acting lessons, simply relying on her instincts when playing a role. She lived in New York City for the first few years of her career, but resides in Santa Monica, California.

Lawrence has been cast as Katniss Everdeen in the movie ''The Hunger Games'', set to be released in March 2012. and ''The Silver Linings Playbook'', opposite Bradley Cooper and Robert De Niro.

On June 18, 2011, it was announced that Lawrence was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences alongside other actors and actresses that include Mila Kunis, Russell Brand, Bradley Cooper, and her ''Winter's Bone'' co-star John Hawkes.

Filmography

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
2006	''Company Town''	Caitlin	Television movie
2006		Mascot	One episode
2007		Abby Bradford	One episode
2007	''''	Frantic girl	Television film
2007–08		Claire Chase/Young Allison	Two episodes; different characters
2007–09	''''	Lauren Pearson	23 episodesYoung Artist Award for Outstanding Young Performers in a TV Series
2008		Tiff
2008	''''	Agnes	Los Angeles Film Festival – Outstanding Performance Award
2008	''''	Mariana	Venice Film Festival – Marcello Mastroianni Award
2009	''Devil You Know''	Young Zoe
2010	''Winter's Bone''	Ree Dolly	Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Most Promising PerformerDetroit Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressFlorida Film Critics Circle Pauline Kael Breakout AwardSan Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Breakthrough PerformanceSeattle International Film Festival Award for Best ActressStockholm International Film Festival Award for Best ActressToronto Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressWashington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—Academy Award for Best ActressNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—Chlotrudis Award for Best ActressNominated—Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated—Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNominated—Independent Spirit Award for Best Female LeadNominated—Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNominated—London Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the YearNominated—Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNominated—Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated—Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated—Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading RoleNominated—Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film Leading Young Actress
2011	''''	Norah
2011	''Like Crazy''	Sam
2011	''X-Men: First Class''
2012	''House at the End of the Street''	Elissa	Post-production
2012	''''	Katniss Everdeen	Filming

References

External links

Category:1990 births Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:Living people Category:People from Louisville, Kentucky

ca:Jennifer Lawrence da:Jennifer Lawrence de:Jennifer Lawrence es:Jennifer Lawrence fr:Jennifer Lawrence it:Jennifer Lawrence he:ג'ניפר לורנס ka:ჯენიფერ ლოურენსი nl:Jennifer Lawrence ja:ジェニファー・ローレンス no:Jennifer Lawrence pl:Jennifer Lawrence pt:Jennifer Lawrence ru:Лоуренс, Дженнифер sl:Jennifer Lawrence fi:Jennifer Lawrence sv:Jennifer Lawrence