A shawl (Persian شال, Shāl, from Sanskrit: साडी śāṭī) is a simple item of clothing, loosely worn over the shoulders, upper body and arms, and sometimes also over the head. It is usually a rectangular or square piece of cloth, that is often folded to make a triangle but can also be triangular in shape. Other shapes include oblong shawls.

History

The first shawls, or "shals", were used in Assyrian times, later it went into wide spread in the Middle East. Shawls were also part of the traditional male costume in Kashmir, which was probably introduced via assimilation to Persian culture. They were woven in extremely fine woollen twill, some such as the Orenberg shawl, were even said to be so fine as to fit through a ring. They could be in one colour only, woven in different colours (called tilikar), ornately woven or embroidered (called ameli). Kashmiri shawls were high-fashion garments in Western Europe in the early- to mid-19th century. Imitation Kashmiri shawls woven in Paisley, Renfrewshire are the origin of the name of the traditional paisley pattern. Shawls were also manufactured in the city of Norwich, Norfolk from the late 18th century (and some two decades before Paisley) until about the 1870s.

Silk shawls with fringes, made in China, were available by the first decade of the 19th century. Ones with embroidery and fringes were available in Europe and the Americas by 1820. These were called China crepe shawls, China shawls, and in Spain "mantones de Manila" because they were shipped to Spain from China via the port of Manila. The importance of these shawls in fashionable women's wardrobes declined between 1865 and 1870 in Western culture. However, they became part of folk dress in a number of places including Germany, the Near East, various parts of Latin America, and Spain where they became a part of Romani dress especially in Andalusia and Madrid. These embroidered shawls were revived in the 1920s under the name Spanish shawls, a named derived from their use as part of the dress of Spanish Romanis, also known as "gitanas". Their use as part of the costume of the lead in the opera Carmen contributed to the association of the shawls with Spain rather than China.

Some cultures incorporate shawls of various types into their national folk dress, mainly because shawls were much more commonly used in earlier times.

Uses

Shawls are used in order to keep warm, to complement a costume, and for symbolic reasons. One famous type of shawl is the tallit, worn by Jewish men during prayers and ceremonies. Today, shawls are worn for added warmth (and fashion) at outdoor or indoor evening affairs where the temperature is warm enough for men in suits but not for women in dresses and where a jacket might be inappropriate.

The Kashmiri shawl

The shawls made in Kashmir occupy a pre-eminent place among textile products; and it is to them and to their imitations from Western looms that specific importance attaches. The Kashmir shawl is characterized by the elaboration of its design, in which the "cone" pattern is a prominent feature, and by the glowing harmony, brilliance, depth, and enduring qualities of its colours. The basis of these excellences is found in the very fine, soft, short, flossy under-wool, called pashm or pashmina, found on the shawl-goat, a variety of Capra hircus inhabiting the elevated regions of Tibet. There are several varieties of pashm, but the finest is a strict monopoly of the maharaja of Kashmir. Inferior pashm and Kerman wool — a fine soft Persian sheep's wool — are used for shawl weaving at Amritsar and other places in the Punjab, where colonies of Kashmiri weavers are established. Of shawls, apart from shape and pattern, there are only two principal classes: (1) loom-woven shawls called tiliwalla, tilikar or kani kar — sometimes woven in one piece, but more often in small segments which are. sewn together with such precision that the sewing is quite imperceptible; and (2) embroidered shawls — amlikar — in which over a ground of plain pashmina is worked by needle a minute and elaborate pattern.

Knit shawls

Triangular knit lace shawls are usually knitted from the neck down and may or may not be shaped. In contrast, Faroese lace shawls are knitted bottom up and contain a centre back gusset. Each shawl consists of two triangular side panels, a trapezoid-shaped back gusset, an edge treatment, and usually shoulder shaping.

See also

cloak

stole

Notes

References

Irwin, John. ''The Kashmir Shawl.'' London: HMSO, 1973.

Wilson, Kax. "Kashmir Shawls from Europe and Asia." ''Art & Antiques'', January–February 1981, pp. 69–73.

Worth, Susannah. "Early 20th Century Embroidered Shawls." ''Needle Arts'', December 1995, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 38–41.

Worth, Susannah. "Embroidered China Crepe Shawls: 1800-1870." ''Dress'', 1986, Vol. 12, pp. 43–51.

Norfolk Museums & Archaeology Service-Norwich Shawls

Category:Persian clothing Category:History of Asian clothing

bjn:Kakamban da:Sjal de:Schal es:Chal eo:Sxalo fr:Châle id:Selendang io:Shalo la:Anaboladium nl:Sjaal ja:ショール pt:Xaile fi:Šaali sv:Sjal te:శాలువా

:''As One is also an alias of the British techno producer Kirk Degiorgio.'' :''For As One, the international gathering of YouTubers, see YouTube

name	As One
background	group_or_band
origin	South Korea
genre	K-pop, R&B;
years active	1999–present
label	EMI Korea
current members	Min Young LeeCrystal Chae
notable instruments	}}

As One is a Korean pop duo consisting of Korean Americans Min Young Lee and Crystal Chae. Their first hit was the song "너만은 모르길," released in 1999 on Rock Records Between their fourth and fifth albums, their contract with Rock Records expired and they signed with EMI Korea; a label which also manages other k-pop stars like DJ DOC and Baby VOX. In late 2006, As One released their fifth album ''12 Tears of Farewell'', and started their promotional activities with the lead track "십이야" (''12 Nights'').

As One Member Profiles

Crystal Chae

Date of Birth: April 29, 1980

Place of birth: Los Angeles, California

School: Chatsworth High School

Religion: Christian

Family: father, mother, older brother, older sister

Min Young Lee

Date of Birth: December 15, 1978

Place of birth: Seoul, South Korea

School: Fairfax High School

Religion: Christian

Family: mother, brother

Discography

Studio Albums

!Album #	!Album information	Tracklisting
1st	''Day By Day''	*Released: November 25, 1999	*Label: Rock Records
2nd	''천만에요 (You're Welcome)''	*Released: August 7, 2001	*Label: Rock Records
3rd	''Never Too Far...''	*Released: March 13, 2003	*Label: Rock Records
4th	''Restoration''	*Released: November 17, 2004	*Label: Rock Records
5th	''이별이 남기는 12가지 눈물 (12 Tears of Farewell)''	*Released: November 17, 2006	*Label: EMI Korea

Extended Plays

# [2000.06.28] ONE+ONE # [2002.05.22] As One Live Album # [2002.11.26] Caroling # [2003.11.18] Forever AS ONE (BEST) # [2007.03.13] 우리가 알고있는 (So Romantic) # [2008.05.14] Double Star (Mini Album) # [2010.04.29] The Happiness 4 Us 2nd

Singles

# [1999.11.25] Ring My Bell # [2000.05.01] 사랑+ # [2000.06.14] Day By Day # [2006.12.14] I Wanna be a Christmas # [2008.04.03] Sponge Remake 2008 As One # [2008.09.01] Zza Zza La!! (Drama Version) # [2010.06.16] As One Season 1 # [2010.09.08] History - As One 연애 # [2011.01.17] Taste of Love # [2011.01.28] NEPA SONG(네파송) # [2011.07.07] As One Season 2

Collaborations

''Lovin Ice Cream'', with Ez-Life & (Haro), 2011

''Flight 101'', with Oneway, 2011

''그대도 나처럼'', with Yurisangja, 2010

''그대 뒤에서 (Behind You)'', The Reputable Family OST, 2010

''홀로 크리스마스 (White Winter)'', with Lee Jun (of Solid), Alex, Navi, and Bizniz, 2009

''사랑할 수도 미워할 수도 (Neither Love Nor Hate)'', De La Musique Vol.1 - Part 1, 2009

''Cool Running'', with Soul Dive, 2009

''헤어져 (Breakup)'', Love Tonic OST, 2009

''To Heart'', Listen Campaign OST, 2008

''사랑은 너 하나뿐 (You Only Love)'', The Rival Project with GO and Shogun, 2008

''마지막 사랑 (Last Love)'', with E Sang, 2008

''Smile'', with JED, 2007

''White Love Story'', The 1st Shop of Coffee Prince OST, 2007

''네잎클로버 (Four-leaf Clover)'', MBC Creative Children's 25th Anniversary, 2007

''Happy My Star (Drama Version)'', Couple of Fantasy OST, 2006

''가시나무 (Bramble)'', The Wave - Blessing & Caroling, 2005

''Oh Come All Ye Faithful'', Groovy Christmas, 2005

''미안해야 하는거니 (Do I Have To Say Sorry)'', Sassy Girl, Chun Hyang OST, 2005

''Sleigh Ride'', 2004 Christmas Story, 2004

''원하고 원망하죠 (Want & Complain)'', Black Coffee 4, 2004

''Loving You'', Classic CF, 2004

''투명에 가까운 블루 (Transparent Blue)'', Classic CF, 2004

''하늘정원 (Garden of Heaven)'', Garden of Heaven OST, 2003

''스물다섯 (Precious You)'', with Kim Jin Pyo, 2003

''Feel...Me'', with Park Hyo Shin,2002

''소중한 너 (Precious You)'', with Cho Kyuchan, 2002

''Born Twice'', with DVS, 2001

''Gook Thuggin'', with DVS, 2001

References

Category:South Korean girl groups Category:South Korean rhythm and blues musical groups

ko:애즈 원

name	Cerys Matthews
background	solo_singer
birth date	April 11, 1969
origin	Cardiff, Wales
genre	Alternative rockBritpopIndie rockFolk rockPop rock
occupation	Singer, songwriter
years active	1990–present
associated acts	Catatonia
website	cerysmatthews.co.uk
notable instruments	}}

Cerys Elizabeth Matthews (; born 11 April 1969) is a Welsh singer and songwriter. She is known as the lead singer of the Welsh rock band Catatonia, her more recent bilingual solo career, and for a 1998 Christmas duet with Tom Jones .

Biography

Matthews was born in Cardiff and brought up in Swansea and Pembrokeshire, and is a fluent Welsh speaker and multi-instrumentalist. She has cited her childhood heroes as being Pippi Longstocking and The Wombles due to their love of recycling. She learned to play the guitar at the age of nine, teaching herself blues and Irish folk songs. After a stint in Spain as a nanny, where she learned to speak Spanish and Catalan, Matthews worked for the Pembrokeshire County Council. She later moved back to Cardiff and became involved with the local music scene, meeting Mark Roberts. She currently resides in London with her children Glenys Pearl y Felin (born 10 August 2003), Johnny Tupelo Jones (born August 2005), and Red (born 23 November 2009). Her son Red was born eight weeks premature.

Catatonia

Catatonia was formed in 1992, reputedly after Roberts heard Cerys Matthews busking in a street in Cardiff city centre. This later turned out to be a story fabricated by the band, as Matthews had known Roberts for some time, although they did often go busking. She subsequently sang lead vocals on, and co-wrote the music and lyrics for, the band's hits. Songs she co-wrote included "You've Got a Lot to Answer For", "Mulder and Scully", "Dead From the Waist Down", and "Road Rage". Matthews also played guitar on the earlier material before second guitarist Owen Powell joined the band. She also performed a single with the band Space named "The Ballad of Tom Jones", which tells the story of two lovers who want to kill each other, but then hear a Tom Jones song that defuses their homicidal feelings. Matthews later collaborated with Jones to record a version of Frank Loesser's "Baby, It's Cold Outside" on Jones' album ''Reload''. Matthews was voted the "Sexiest Female in Rock" in a 1999 readers' poll in the now defunct magazine ''Melody Maker''.

Catatonia's split

After Catatonia's rise to fame with their second album ''International Velvet'', and subsequent success with ''Equally Cursed And Blessed'', the band returned in 2001 with their fourth studio album ''Paper Scissors Stone''. During promotional appearances for this album it became clear that Matthews was not happy. On 21 September 2001, the band officially split.

''Sali Mali'' cartoon series

In December 2001, Matthews returned to the recording studio for the first time since Catatonia split up. She recorded a song in both English and Welsh for the pre-school cartoon series ''Sali Mali''.

Mink Car

Matthews provided guest vocals on the track "Cyclops Rock", from US alternative rock band They Might Be Giants 2001 album "Mink Car". Her line was originally supposed to be done by Joe Strummer of The Clash.

Nashville

Matthews moved to Nashville, Tennessee in the early summer of 2002. On her arrival she began playing with Bucky Baxter, who had played lap steel guitar for Bob Dylan and Ryan Adams. She had already collected seventy-six traditional folk songs with the idea of making an album of folk covers. Her debut album, ''Cockahoop'', ended up consisting mainly of her own songs. It was recorded in seven months and appeared on Blanco y Negro Records in the UK in May 2003. Whilst recording this album she met Seth Riddle, whom she married in Pembrokeshire in February 2003. She toured the album around Britain with minimal promotion as she was several months pregnant at the time. The album's Stateside Records release followed in October 2004.

In December 2005, Matthews recorded a new version of Len Barry's 1960s UK top 10 hit "1-2-3" in Nashville. She released it as a download-single with all profits going to a children's charity.

In spring 2006, Matthews introduced material from her upcoming album at SXSW in Austin, Texas.

''Never Said Goodbye'' album

In July and August 2006 Matthews conducted a short tour of the UK to promote her new second solo album, ''Never Said Goodbye''. The new album was preceded by the single "Open Roads" (released 7 August 2006). Band members included Kevin Teel on guitar, Ben Elkins playing keyboards, Mason Neely on drums, and Jeff Irwin playing bass. She headlined Cardiff's ''Big Weekend festival'' on 6 August 2006.

During September and October 2006, Matthews embarked on an extensive UK and Ireland tour, during which she played tracks from her first two solo albums as well as three Catatonia hits. She also embarked upon a short acoustic Welsh tour in November 2006 before returning to Nashville for Christmas.

Matthews appeared at the live 'Guilty Pleasures' concert at the Hackney Empire, London on 20 March 2007. She performed the Bonnie Tyler hit "Total Eclipse of the Heart" and the Dolly Parton/Kenny Rogers duet "Islands in the Stream" along with Terry Hall and the BBC Concert Orchestra

In an interview on the eve of the launch of her Welsh mini-album ''Awyren = Aeroplane'', Matthews confirmed she had divorced from Riddle and temporarily moved back to her farm in Pembrokeshire. ''Awyren = Aeroplane'' won her the 'Contemporary Composition' award in the National Eisteddfod. The award had been resurrected and presented for the first time since 1936.

In 2007 Matthews became Vice-President of the Welsh homelessness charity Shelter Cymru. She also accepted a role of Performing Arts Ambassador for Linden Lodge School, Surrey in the same year.

''I'm A Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here'' (Series 7)

Matthews appeared on the 2007 series of ITV's ''I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here!'', which aired from 12 to 30 November. She was voted off on 29 November, one day before the final episode, coming fourth behind Jason 'J' Brown, Janice Dickinson and the eventual winner of the series, Christopher Biggins. Matthews became involved with fellow contestant Marc Bannerman after the show, but they split four months later.

NME Shockwaves Awards and Big Gig 2008

Matthews joined the Welsh band Manic Street Preachers onstage at The O2 on 28 February 2008 to sing the female vocals of their 2007 hit "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough". She replaced Nina Persson in both the awards ceremony (within indigO2) and at the following 'Big Gig' live show (within The O2 arena).

Radio

From November 2008 Matthews sat in for Stephen Merchant and Marc Riley on BBC 6 Music and went on to present George Lamb's slot in April 2009. In May 2009 she presented show ''A Month of Sundays With... Cerys Matthews''. She then covered for Nemone on 6 Music from July 2009 while Nemone was on maternity leave. Her show ''Cerys on 6'' included virtual radio roadtrips, musical challenges and back-to-school features on subjects including the boll weevil, the Vietnam War, the Bo Diddley beat and Hildegard von Bingen. Matthews began maternity leave from November 2009 and had to finish presenting the show a month early. On 4 April 2010, Matthews returned to 6 Music to present a weekend show on Sunday mornings. She spoke out in 2010 after the (now-abandoned) proposed closure of BBC 6 Music, calling for the decision to be reversed.

''Don't Look Down: Paid Edrych i Lawr'' album and tour

Matthews released her first CD in two years on 5 October 2009. The album, entitled ''Don't Look Down'', was released in two versions, one in English and the other in Welsh (the title of the Welsh edition was ''Paid Edrych i Lawr''). It was recorded in Providence, Rhode Island, Nashville, Seattle and London and coincided with a two-week sold-out UK tour in October.

Other

After covering the Glastonbury Festival for both BBC Television and BBC 6 Music, she wrote and presented a BBC Two programme on Celtic poetry, a documentary on singer Dorothy Squires, and music of the Mississippi River. She also wrote and presented a documentary on early blues players like Memphis Minnie, also a documentary on Pippi Longstocking both for Radio 4.

TIR 2010

On 21 June Matthews released 'TIR', a collection of traditional Welsh songs and photographs from the late 19th century to early 1930s. They include Calon Lân, Cwm Rhondda, Migldi-Magldi (sung as a duet with Bryn Terfel), Myfanwy and Sospan Fach. This is the third release on her own label of Rainbow City.

Explorer 2011

"Explorer " is the title of Cerys' fourth solo album and in both choosing and writing the songs she has sub consciously delved into the huge influence of not just all the music she has heard, but the places she has been around the globe, and by the times we live in, but most importantly made an album that over the seven days of recording had no pre determined sound or calculated format. On the 28 April 2011, a video was released through Matthews' official YouTube Page of the Lead single from Explorer, Sweet Magnolia. Explorer is set to be released 2 May 2011, through the online store Earthquake

Cerys Matthews Solo & Collaboration Discography

Albums

''Cockahoop'' (UK #30, 5 weeks on Chart) (Blanco y Negro - 2003)

''Never Said Goodbye'' (Rough Trade - 2006)

''Awyren = Aeroplane'' (mini-album) (My Kung Fu 030 - 2007)

''Don't Look Down/Paid Edrych i Lawr'' (Rainbow City Recordings - 2009)

"Tir" (Rainbow City Recordings - 2010)

"Explorer" (Rainbow City Recordings - 2011)

Compilation albums

''Brand New Boots and Panties'' (2001) - contributed "If I Was With a Woman"

''Songs for the Young at Heart'' (2007) - contributed "White Horses", the theme song to ''The White Horses''

''Listen to Bob Dylan: A Tribute'' - contributed "I Believe in You", a Bob Dylan song from ''Slow Train Coming''

''Over the Rainbow'' (2007) - contributed "Secret Love"

Singles

1998 "The Ballad of Tom Jones" (with Space) UK #4

1999 "Baby, It's Cold Outside" (with Tom Jones) UK #17

2003 "Caught In The Middle" UK #47

2005 "1-2-3"

2006 "Open Roads" UK #53

2007 "Some Kind of Wonderful" (with Aled Jones) (Universal Records)

2009 "Arlington Way" (Rainbow City Records)

2010 "Into The Blue"/"Mae Angen Llong Ar Gapten" (Rainbow City Records)

2011 "Sweet Magnolia" (Rainbow City Records)

Catatonia Discography

Studio albums

Year	Details	Peak chart position		!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"
1996		*Released: 30 September 1996	Blanco y Negro">Music recording sales certification
!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"
1996		*Released: 30 September 1996	Blanco y Negro	32	—	—	—	—
1998	align="left"	*Released: Feb 1998	Warner-Elektra-Atlantic>WEA	1	27	—	39	32		British Phonographic Industry>UK: 3x Platinum
1999		*Released: 28 March 2000	Atlantic Records>Atlantic	1	48	—	—	28		*UK: Platinum
2001	align="left"	*Released: 6 August 2001	*Label: Blanco y Negro	6	—	55	37	—		*UK: Silver

Compilation albums

Year	Details	Peak chart position	[[Music recording sales certification
!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"	!width="30"
1995		*Released: 1995	*Label: Nursery	—	—	—	—	—
1998		*Released: 19 October 1999	*Label: Crai/M.I.L. Multimedia	—	—	—	—	—
2002	align="left"	*Released: 15 October 2002	*Label: WEA	24	—	—	43	—
2006	align="left"	*Released: 21 March 2006	*Label: WEA	—	—	—	—	—

Singles and EPs

Year		Title	Peak chart positions				Album
			! width=35	! width=35	! width=35	! width=35
1993	May		—	—	—	—
	Jun		—	—	—	—
Sep		—	—	—	—
	Jan		158	—	—	—
Dec		—	—	—	—
	Apr		61	—	—	—
Jul		41	—	—	—
Oct		46	—	—	—
	Feb		35	—	—	—
Oct		40	—	—	—
	Jan	align="left"	3	—	17	—
May	align="left"	5	40	29	—
Jul	align="left"	11	—	—	—
Oct		33	—	—	—
	Apr		7	—	—	44
Jul		20	—	—	—
Oct		36	—	—	—
2000	Mar	align="left"	—	—	—	—
2001	Sep		19	—	—	—

¹ - The A-side being "Blow the Millennium, Blow".

Miscellaneous / Promos

"Tourist" (Japan EP) - 1996

"A's & B's Of Catatonia" (Promo EP) - 1998

References

Other sources

External links

Official website

Official MySpace page

August 2006 interview with Matthews

Cerys Matthews Interview

BBC Wales Music - Matthews microsite

Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:Nannies Category:Participants in British reality television series Category:I'm a Celebrity…Get Me out of Here! contestants Category:People from Cardiff Category:Welsh-speaking people Category:Welsh-language music Category:Welsh female singers Category:Welsh singer-songwriters Category:Welsh buskers

cy:Cerys Matthews de:Cerys Matthews es:Cerys Matthews ru:Мэтьюз, Керис