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1923
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Aaron Spelling
Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. As of 2009, Spelling's company holds the record as the most prolific television writer, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th top-earning dead celebrity in 2009.
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Abe Pollin
Abe Pollin (December 3, 1923 – November 24, 2009) was the owner of a number of professional sports teams including the Washington Capitals in the National Hockey League (NHL), the Washington Mystics in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and the Washington Wizards in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Pollin was the longest-tenured owner of an NBA team, holding the Packers/Zephyrs/Bullets/Wizards franchise for 46 years. He was one of the most famous owners in professional sports history.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945.
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Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar (احمد شاه قاجار in Persian) (January 21, 1898 - 21 February 1930) was Shah of Iran (Persia) from July 16, 1909, to October 31, 1925 and the last of the Qajar dynasty.
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Al Lewis (actor)
Al Lewis (April 30, 1923 – February 3, 2006) was an American character actor best known for his role as "Grandpa Munster" on the television series The Munsters and its subsequent film versions. Later in life, he was also a restaurant owner, political candidate, and radio broadcaster.
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Alan Shepard
Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr. (November 18, 1923 – July 21, 1998) (Rear Admiral, United States Navy, Ret.) was an American naval aviator and astronaut who became the second person, and the first American, in space. Ten years later, he commanded the Apollo 14 mission, and was the fifth person to walk on the Moon.
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Albert Chevalier
Albert Onesime Britannicus Gwathveoyd Louis Chevalier (21 March 1861 – 10 July 1923) was an English comedian and actor.
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist, philosopher and author who is widely regarded as one of the most influential and best known scientists and intellectuals of all time. A German-Swiss Nobel laureate, he is often regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
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Albert Guðmundsson
Albert Sigurður Guðmundsson (October 5, 1923 – April 7, 1994) was the first Icelandic professional football player and played for, amongst others, Rangers, Arsenal, FC Nancy and AC Milan. After retiring from his sporting career he became a politician and was a member of Alþingi for 15 years, serving as Minister of Finance and Minister of Industry. He ran for president in 1980 but lost to Vigdís Finnbogadóttir.
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Albert King
Albert King (April 25, 1923 – December 21, 1992) was an American blues guitarist and singer.
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Alice Haylett
Alice Haylett [Al or Sis] (April 2, 1923 - March 27, 2004) was a female pitcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 6", 155 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.
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Anne Baxter
Anne Baxter (May 7, 1923 – December 12, 1985) was an American actress known for her performances in films such as The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), All About Eve (1950), ''The Razor's Edge (1946) and The Ten Commandments'' (1956).
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Anne Jeffreys
Anne Jeffreys (born on January 26, 1923) is an American actress and singer.
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Anthony Hecht
Anthony Evan Hecht (January 16, 1923 – October 20, 2004) was an American poet. His work combined a deep interest in form with a passionate desire to confront the horrors of 20th century history, with the Second World War, in which he fought, and the Holocaust being recurrent themes in his work.
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Antoni Tàpies
Antoni Tàpies i Puig, 1st Marquess of Tàpies [] (born in Barcelona, 13 December 1923) is a Catalan painter. He is one of the most famous European artists of his generation. After studying law for 3 years, he devoted himself from 1943 onwards only to his painting. He is perhaps the best-known Catalan artist to emerge in the period since the Second World War.
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Antonin Artaud
Antonin Artaud (September 4, 1896, in Marseille – March 4, 1948 in Paris) was a French playwright, poet, actor and theatre director. Antonin is a diminutive form of Antoine "little Anthony", and was among a list of names which Artaud used throughout his writing career.
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Ara Parseghian
Ara Raoul Parseghian (born May 21, 1923 in Akron, Ohio) is a former American football player and coach of Armenian descent. He served as the head football coach at Miami University (1951–1955), Northwestern University (1956–1963), and the University of Notre Dame (1964–1974), compiling a career college football record of 170–58–6. During his 11 seasons as head coach of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, known popularly as "the Era of Ara," Parseghian tallied a mark of 95–17–4 record for a .836 winning percentage. His teams of 1966 and 1973 won national titles. Parseghian was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1980.
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Aristides Pereira
Aristides Maria Pereira (; born November 17, 1923) was the first President of Cape Verde, serving from 1975 to 1991.
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Armand Borel
Armand Borel (21 May 1923 –11 August 2003) was a Swiss mathematician, born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, and was a permanent professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, United States from 1957 to 1993. He worked in algebraic topology, in the theory of Lie groups, and was one of the creators of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups.
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Arthur Hiller
Arthur Hiller, OC (born 22 November 1923) is a Canadian film director. His filmography includes 33 major studio releases, including the 1970 film Love Story.
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Arthur Honegger
Arthur Honegger (10 March 1892 –27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. He was a member of Les Six. His most frequently performed work is probably the orchestral work Pacific 231, which is interpreted as imitating the sound of a steam locomotive.
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Arthur Jensen
Arthur Robert Jensen (born August 24, 1923) is a Professor Emeritus of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen is known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology, which is concerned with how and why individuals differ behaviorally from one another.
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Arvid Carlsson
Arvid Carlsson (born 25 January 1923) is a Swedish scientist who is best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects in Parkinson's disease. For his work on dopamine, Carlsson won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000, along with co-recipients Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.
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Assi Rahbani
Assi Rahbani (Arabic: عاصي الرحباني; May 4, 1923 - June 21, 1986) was a Lebanese composer, musician and producer. He was part of the Rahbani Brothers (Arabic: الأخوان رحباني), with his brother Mansour Rahbani (Arabic: منصور الرحباني). He married Lebanese singer Nouhad Haddad, more famous by her stage name, Fairuz. His son Ziad Rahbani also became to be known as a very successful artist in music and theatre and as an influential political activist.
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Atatürk
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Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht (; born ; 10 February 1898–14 August 1956) was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director. An influential theatre practitioner of the 20th century, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and theatrical production, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the Berliner Ensemble—the post-war theatre company operated by Brecht and his wife and long-time collaborator, the actress Helene Weigel—with its internationally acclaimed productions.
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Bettie Page
Bettie Page (April 22, 1923 – December 11, 2008) was an American model who became famous in the 1950s for her fetish modeling and pin-up photos. She has often been called the "Queen of Pinups". Her look, including her jet black hair, blue eyes and trademark bangs, has influenced many artists.
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Billy Haughton
Billy Haughton, or William R. Haughton (November 23, 1923 – July 15, 1986) was an American harness driver and trainer, and one of the most-winning drivers ever. He was one of only three drivers to win the Hambletonian four times, the only one to win the Little Brown Jug five times, and the only one to win the Messenger Stakes seven times. With a career record of 4,910 wins and c. $40 in earnings, he was first in annual winnings twelve times – 1952-59, 1963, 1965, 1967 and 1968 – and in heats won from 1953-58.
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Billy Hughes
William Morris "Billy" Hughes, CH, KC (25 September 1862 – 28 October 1952), Australian politician, was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923.
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Bjørn Watt-Boolsen
Bjørn Watt-Boolsen (20 June 1923 – 28 December 1998) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 50 films between 1943 and 1998.
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Bob Barker
Robert William "Bob" Barker (born December 12, 1923) is an American former television game show host. He is best known for hosting CBS's The Price Is Right from 1972 to 2007, making it the longest-running daytime game show in North American television history, and for hosting Truth or Consequences from 1956 to 1975. After holding the "Price is Right" job for 35 years and being in television for 50 years, Barker retired in June 2007.
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Bob Dole
Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22, 1923) is an American attorney and politician. He represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996, served as Gerald Ford's Vice Presidential running mate in the 1976 presidential election, and was Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and in 1995 and 1996. Dole was the Republican party nominee in the presidential election of 1996, but he lost to incumbent Democrat Bill Clinton. Dole is currently special counsel at the Washington, D.C. office of law firm Alston & Bird.
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Bonar Law
Andrew Bonar Law PC (16 September 1858 – 30 October 1923), commonly known as Bonar Law, was a British Conservative Party statesman and Prime Minister. Born in the crown colony of New Brunswick, he is the only British Prime Minister to have been born outside the British Isles. He was also the shortest-serving Prime Minister of the 20th century, spending 211 days in office.
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Brendan Behan
Brendan Francis Behan ( ; ) (9 February 1923 – 20 March 1964) was an Irish poet, short story writer, novelist, and playwright who wrote in both Irish and English. He was also an Irish republican and a volunteer in the Irish Republican Army.
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Calvin Coolidge
John Calvin Coolidge, Jr., (July 4, 1872 January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. His actions during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight. Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative.
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Carl L. Boeckmann
Carl Ludwig Boeckmann (January 29, 1867 – September 23, 1923) was a Norwegian-American artist best known as a portrait painter.
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Cesare Rubini
MedalCountry|
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Cesare Siepi
Cesare Siepi (February 10, 1923 – July 5, 2010) was an Italian opera singer, generally considered to have been one of the finest basses of the post-war period. His voice was characterised by a deep, warm timbre, and a ringing, vibrant upper register. On stage, his tall, striking presence and elegance of phrasing made him a natural Don Giovanni, among his many other roles. He can be seen in that role on video from Salzburg, under the baton of Wilhelm Furtwängler.
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Charles McClendon
Charles Youmans McClendon (October 17, 1923 – December 6, 2001), also known as Charlie or "Cholly Mac," was an American football player and coach. He served at the head coach at Louisiana State University from 1962 to 1979. McClendon was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1986.
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Charlton Heston
Charlton Heston (October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor of film, theatre and television.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Chuck Yeager
Charles Elwood "Chuck" Yeager (born February 13, 1923) is a retired major general in the United States Air Force and noted test pilot. He was the first pilot to travel faster than sound (1947). Originally retiring as a brigadier general, Yeager was promoted to major general on the Air Force's retired list 20 years later for his military achievements.
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Conrad Bain
Conrad Stafford Bain (born February 4, 1923) is a Canadian-American actor. His television credits include a leading role as Phillip Drummond in the sitcom ''Diff'rent Strokes and as Dr. Arthur Harmon on Maude''.
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Cot Deal
Ellis Ferguson "Cot" Deal (born January 23, 1923) is a former pitcher and coach in Major League Baseball. Listed at 5' 10.5", 185 lb., Deal was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed. A native of Arapaho, Oklahoma, he grew up in Oklahoma City and was nicknamed "Cot" for his cotton-top hair color.
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Daniil Khrabrovitsky
Daniil Khrabrovitsky (Даниил Яковлевич Храбровицкий June 28, 1923, Rostov-on-Don - March 1, 1980, Moscow) was a Soviet scriptwriter and film director.
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Dannie Abse
Daniel Abse, better known as Dannie Abse (born 22 September 1923), is a Welsh poet.
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David Soyer
David Soyer (February 24, 1923February 25, 2010) was an American cellist.
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Dede Allen
Dorothea Carothers "Dede" Allen (December 3, 1923April 17, 2010) was an American film editor, well-known "film editing doctor" to the major American movie studios, and one of cinema's all-time celebrated 'auteur' film editors.
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Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov (October 24, 1923 – December 20, 1997) was a British-born American poet.
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Dev Anand
Dharam Dev Ānand ( (born 26 September 1923), better known as Dev Anand , is an Indian Bollywood actor, director and film producer. Dev is the second of three brothers who were active in Bollywood. His elder brother Chetan Anand was a film director, as was his younger brother, Vijay Anand. Their sister, Sheel Kanta Kapur, is the mother of renowned Hindi and English film director Shekhar Kapur.
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Devan Nair
Devan Nair a/l Chengara Veetil, also known as C. V. Devan Nair (Malayalam: ദേവന് നായര്) (August 5, 1923–December 6, 2005), was the third President of Singapore and was elected by Parliament on October 23, 1981. He served as President until his resignation on March 28, 1985.
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Diana Douglas
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Don Adams
Don Adams (April 13, 1923 – September 25, 2005) was an American actor, comedian and director. In his five decades on television, he was best known as Maxwell Smart (Agent 86) in the TV situation comedy Get Smart (1965–1970, 1995), which he also sometimes directed and wrote. Adams won three consecutive Emmy Awards for his portrayal of Smart (1967–1969). He provided the voices for the animated series Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales (1963–1966) and Inspector Gadget (1983–1986) as their title characters. He voiced Sid Pickles in all episodes of Spike & Mike (1993–1999), and two follow up films, Spike & Mike Movie and Spike and Mike: Got Hostaged.
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Dorila Antommarchi
Dorila Antommarchi was born in 185? in Cúcuta, Colombia. Dorila published numerous poems and sometimes used the pseudonym Colombiana. All her poems appear in various anthologies. Dorila's sisters, Hortensia Antommarchi and Elmira Antommarchi, were also a well published poets. Dorila died in 1923 in Cúcuta, Colombia.
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Doris Dowling
Doris Dowling (15 May 1923, Detroit, Michigan – 18 June 2004, Los Angeles, California) was an American actress of film, stage and television.
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Dorothy Hewett
Dorothy Coade Hewett (21 May 1923 – 25 August 2002) was an Australian feminist poet, novelist, librettist and playwright. She was also a member of the Communist Party of Australia, though she clashed on many occasions with the party's leadership.
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Ed McMahon
Edward Peter "Ed" McMahon, Jr. (March 6, 1923 – June 23, 2009) was an American celebrity, comedian, game show host, and announcer. He is most famous for his work on television as Johnny Carson's announcer and sidekick on The Tonight Show from 1962 to 1992. He also hosted the original version of the talent show Star Search from 1983 to 1995. He co-hosted ''TV's Bloopers and Practical Jokes'' with Dick Clark from 1982 to 1986. He also presented sweepstakes for the direct marketing company, American Family Publishers (not, as is commonly believed, its main rival Publishers Clearing House).
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Edith Barney
Edith Barney [Little Red] (February 3, 1923 - March 23, 2010) was a female catcher who played for in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League during the season. Listed at 5' 6", 136 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.
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Edith Södergran
Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. She was one of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature and her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released the first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("Poems"). Södergran died at the age of 31, having contracted tuberculosis as a teenager, and did not live to experience the world wide appreciation of her poetry. Her poetry has influenced many lyrical poets and today Södergran is considered to have been one of the greatest modern Swedish poets. Södergran continues to influence Swedish poetry and musical lyrics, e.g. in the works of Mare Kandre, Gunnar Harding, Eva Runefelt and Eva Dahlgren.
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Edith Thompson
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Edward Mulhare
Edward Mulhare (8 April 1923 - 24 May 1997) was an Irish popular television leading man from 1956 to 1995.
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Eleanor Dapkus
Eleanor Dapkus [Slugger] (born December 5, 1923) is a former female center fielder and pitcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 6", 160 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.
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Eric Sykes
Eric Sykes, CBE (born 4 May 1923) is an English radio, television and film writer, actor and director whose performing career has spanned more than 50 years. He is widely acknowledged as one of the most significant figures in British radio and TV comedy in the latter 20th century and he frequently wrote for and/or performed with many other leading comedy performers and writers of the period, including Tony Hancock, Spike Milligan, Peter Sellers, John Antrobus and Johnny Speight. Sykes first came to prominence through his many radio credits as a writer and actor in the 1950s, most notably through his work on The Goon Show. He became a TV star in his own right in the early 1960s when he co-starred with Hattie Jacques in several popular BBC comedy television series. A trademark of Sykes's work is the idea of taking a single comic idea to its extremes, as epitomised by what is probably his best remembered work, the famous slapstick film "The Plank".
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Ernst Nolte
Ernst Nolte (born 11 January 1923) is a German historian and philosopher. Nolte’s major interest is the comparative studies of Fascism and Communism. He is Professor Emeritus of Modern History at the Free University of Berlin, where he taught from 1973 to 1991. He was previously a Professor at the University of Marburg from 1965 to 1973. Nolte has been a prominent conservative academic since the early 1960s, and involved in many controversies related to the interpretation of the history of fascism and communism. More recently, he has also focused on Islamism. His work has been the object of extreme controversy.
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Faas Wilkes
Servaas "Faas" Wilkes (October 13, 1923 – August 15, 2006) was a Dutch football forward, who earned a total of 38 caps for the Dutch nation team, in which he scored 35 goals (average 0.92 goals per game). However, for a prolonged period of his career, June 1949 through till March 1955, he was banned from the national team since the KNVB did not allow professional players to participate.
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Forbes Burnham
Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham (20 February 1923–6 August 1985) was the leader of Guyana from 1964 until his death, as the Prime Minister from 1964 to 1980 and as President from 1980 to 1985.
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Francis Tucker
Francis Bagnal Kidger Tucker (April 30, 1923 - April 4, 2008) was a South African rally driver, who was the 1966 South African Rally Drivers Champion..
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Franco Zeffirelli
Franco Zeffirelli, KBE (Hon), (born 12 February 1923) is an Italian film director and producer of films and television and opera director and designer. He has also been a politician (The People of Freedom).
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Frederick Banting
Sir Frederick Grant Banting, KBE, MC, FRSC (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, doctor and Nobel laureate noted as one of the co-discoverers of insulin.
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Freeman Dyson
Freeman John Dyson FRS (born December 15, 1923) is a British born- American theoretical physicist and mathematician, famous for his work in quantum field theory, solid-state physics, and nuclear engineering. Dyson is a member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Dyson has lived in Princeton, New Jersey, for over fifty years.
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Fritz Pregl
Friderik “Fritz” Pregl (3 September 1869 – 13 December 1930) was an Austrian chemist and physician from a mixed Slovene-German-speaking background. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923 for making important contributions to quantitative organic microanalysis, one of which was the improvement of the combustion train technique for elemental analysis.
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Gabrielle Chanel
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Georg Luger
Georg Johann Luger (March 6, 1849 – December 22, 1923) was an Austrian designer of the famous Luger pistol and the 9 x 19mm Parabellum cartridge.
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George Patton IV
military person
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Gerard Reve
Gerard Kornelis van het Reve (born December 14, 1923 in Amsterdam, Netherlands – died April 8, 2006 in Zulte, Belgium) was a Dutch writer. He adopted a shortened version of his name, Gerard Reve in 1973, and that is how he is known today. Together with W.F. Hermans and Harry Mulisch, he is considered one of the "Great Three" of Dutch post-war literature. His 1981 novel De vierde man was the basis for Paul Verhoeven's 1983 film.
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Glynis Johns
Glynis Johns (born October 5, 1923) is a South African-born Welsh stage and film actress, dancer, pianist and singer (notably of "Send in the Clowns", which she originated in Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music). With a career spanning seven decades, Johns is often cited as the "complete actress", who happens to be a trained pianist and singer. She is also an accomplished dancer, and was qualified to teach ballet by the age of ten.
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Gordon R. Dickson
Gordon Rupert Dickson (November 1, 1923 – January 31, 2001) was an American science fiction author. He was born in Canada, then moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, as a teenager. He is probably most famous for his Childe Cycle and the Dragon Knight series. He won three Hugo awards and one Nebula award.
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Gus Zernial
Gus Edward Zernial (born June 27, 1923 in Beaumont, Texas) is a former Major League Baseball left-fielder and right-handed batter who played for the Chicago White Sox (1949–51), Philadelphia Athletics (1951–54), Kansas City Athletics (1955–57) and Detroit Tigers (1958–59). He was billed as the "New Joe DiMaggio."
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Gustav Stresemann
(May 10, 1878 – October 3, 1929) was a German liberal politician and statesman who served as Chancellor and Foreign Minister during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926.
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Gustave Eiffel
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel né Bönickhausen (December 15, 1832 – December 27, 1923; , ) was a French structural engineer from the École Centrale Paris, an entrepreneur and a specialist of metallic structures. He is acclaimed for designing the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built 1887–1889 for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France. Notable among his other works is the armature for the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States.
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György Ligeti
György Sándor Ligeti (May 28, 1923 – June 12, 2006) was a composer, born in a Hungarian Jewish family in Transylvania, Romania. He briefly lived in Hungary before later becoming an Austrian citizen. Many of his works are well known in classical music circles, but to the general public, he is best-known for the various pieces featured in the Stanley Kubrick films , The Shining, and Eyes Wide Shut.
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H.S.S. Lawrence
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Hans von Seeckt
Johannes Friedrich "Hans" von Seeckt (22 April 1866 - 27 December 1936) was a German military officer noted for his organization of the German Army (Reichswehr) during the Weimar Republic.
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Harrison Dillard
William Harrison Dillard (born July 8, 1923) is an American athlete, only the second male so far to win Olympic titles in both sprinting and hurdling events. Dillard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, attended East Technical High School. He entered Baldwin-Wallace College in 1941 and joined Pi Lambda Phi International Fraternity, and two years later was drafted into the Army. He returned to college in 1946 and resumed athletics, to which he had been inspired by Jesse Owens, who was also from Cleveland and had attended East Technical High School as well. He won the NCAA and AAU 120-yard and 220-yard hurdles in both 1946 and 1947 and he tied world records in both events with a 22.3 in the 220 in 1946 and a 13.6 in the 120.
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Henry F. Warner
Henry F. Warner (August 23, 1923 – December 21, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.
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Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (; born May 27, 1923) is a German-born American political scientist, diplomat, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought out by many following presidents.
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Heydar Aliyev
Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev (, ; May 10, 1923 – December 12, 2003), also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.
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Hjalmar Andersen
MedalCountry|
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Hugh Kenner
William Hugh Kenner (January 7, 1923 – November 24, 2003), was a Canadian literary scholar, critic and professor.
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Interpol
Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956.
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Irene Lieblich
Irene Lieblich (1923–2008) was a Polish-born artist and Holocaust survivor noted for illustrating the books of Nobel laureate Isaac Bashevis Singer and for her paintings highlighting Jewish life and culture.
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Irish Civil War
military conflict
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İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" (National Chief).
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Italo Calvino
Italo Calvino (15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985) () was an Italian journalist and writer of short stories and novels. His best known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and ''If on a winter's night a traveler'' (1979).
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J. Esmonde Barry
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Jack Kilby
Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 - June 20, 2005) was a Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 2000 for his invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at Texas Instruments (TI). He is also the inventor of the handheld calculator and thermal printer.
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James Arness
James Arness (born May 26, 1923) is an American actor, best known for portraying Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke for 20 years. His brother was the late actor, Peter Graves. Arness has the distinction of having played the role of Marshal Matt Dillon in five separate decades: 1955 to 1975 in the weekly series, then in Return to Dodge (1987) and four more made-for-TV Gunsmoke movies in the 1990s.
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James Dewar
Sir James Dewar FRS (20 September 1842 – 27 March 1923) was a British chemist and physicist. He is probably best-known today for his invention of the Dewar flask, which he used in conjunction with extensive research into the liquefaction of gases. He was also particularly interested in atomic and molecular spectroscopy, working in these fields for more than 25 years.
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James Stockdale
Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale (December 23, 1923 – July 5, 2005) was one of the most highly decorated officers in the history of the United States Navy.
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Jaroslav Hasek
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Jean Carson
Jean Carson (February 28, 1923 - November 2, 2005) was an American actress best known for her work on the classic 1960s sitcom The Andy Griffith Show as one of the Fun girls.
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Jean Cocteau
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (; 5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager, playwright, artist and filmmaker. Along with other avant-garde artists of his generation (Jean Anouilh and René Char for example) Cocteau grappled with the algebra of verbal codes old and new, mise en scène language and technologies of modernism to create a paradox: a classical avant-garde. His circle of associates, friends and lovers included Pablo Picasso, Jean Hugo, Jean Marais, Henri Bernstein, Marlene Dietrich, Coco Chanel, Erik Satie, María Félix, Édith Piaf (whom he cast in one of his one-act plays entitled Le Bel Indifferent in 1940), and Raymond Radiguet.
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Jean Hagen
Jean Hagen (August 3, 1923 — August 29, 1977) was an American film actress.
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Jean Stapleton
Jean Stapleton (born Jeanne Murray; January 19, 1923) is an American character actress of stage, television and film. Stapleton is best known for her portrayal of Edith Bunker, née Baines, the long-suffering, yet devoted wife of Archie Bunker (played by Carroll O'Connor) and mother of Gloria Bunker Stivic (played by Sally Struthers), on the 1970s situation comedy All in the Family. Stapleton was also seen as Edith Bunker in the All in the Family follow-up series ''Archie Bunker's Place'', but she left that show after one season.
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Jerome H. Lemelson
Jerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson (July 18, 1923 Staten Island, New York - October 1, 1997) was a prolific American engineer, inventor and patent holder. Inventions in the fields in which he patented make possible, wholly or in part, innovations like automated warehouses, industrial robots, cordless telephones, fax machines, videocassette recorders, camcorders and the magnetic tape drive used in Sony's Walkman tape players. Lemelson's 605 patents make him the twenty first most prolific inventor in American history.
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Jim Reeves
James Travis Reeves (August 20, 1923 – July 31, 1964) was an American country and pop music singer-songwriter popular in the 1950s and 1960s who also gained a wide international following for his pioneering smooth Nashville sound. Known as Gentleman Jim, his songs continued to chart for years following his death at age 40 in a private airplane crash. He was a member of the Country Music and Texas Country Music Halls of Fame.
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John Lanchbery
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John Venn
John Venn FRS (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923), was a British logician and philosopher. He is famous for introducing the Venn diagram, which is used in many fields, including set theory, probability, logic, statistics, and computer science.
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Johnny Most
John M. "Johnny" Most (June 15, 1923 – January 3, 1993) was an American sports announcer, known primarily as the raspy radio voice of the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association from 1953 to 1990.
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Johnny Wardle
Johnny Wardle (John Henry Wardle; born 8 January 1923, Ardsley, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England; died: 23 July 1985, Hatfield, Doncaster, Yorkshire, England) was one of the greatest and a controversial spin bowlers in postwar cricket. His Test average of 20.39 is the lowest in Test cricket by any major spin bowler in the last seventy years.
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Juan de la Cierva
Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu (21 September 1895 – 9 December 1936) was a Spanish civil engineer and pilot. His most famous accomplishment was the invention in 1920 of the Autogiro, a single-rotor type of aircraft that came to be called autogyro in the English language. After four years of experimentation, De la Cierva developed the articulated rotor which resulted in the world's first successful flight of a stable rotary-wing aircraft in 1923 with his C.4 prototype.
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Kalidas Shrestha
Kalidas Shrestha (born May 23. 1923) is a Nepalese artist, sculptor, social activist, and is the founding chairman of Kamala Memorial Community Service Center. He also founded Nepal Fine Arts College and was his first campus chief. He also serves as an honorable member of Nepal Academy (then Royal Nepal Academy). He is considered as one of the greatest artists of Nepal, and perhaps South Asia.
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Karl Laforce
Karl Laforce (October 28, 1904 - November 9, 1923) was an early member of the Nazi Party who was killed in Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch. An engineering student, he was the youngest to die in the putsch. Hitler would dedicate his book Mein Kampf to him and the others who died there.
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Kay Lionikas
Irene Lionikas [Kay] (November 5, 1923 - August 7, 1978) was a female professional center fielder who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She is sometimes credited as Kay Lionikis or Kay Lionikdas.
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Kemal Atatürk
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Kuroki Tamemoto
Count was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He was the head of the Japanese First Army during the Russo-Japanese War; and his forces enjoyed a series of successes during the Manchurian fighting at the Battle of Yalu River, the Battle of Liaoyang, the Battle of Shaho and the Battle of Mukden.
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Larry Doby
Lawrence Eugene "Larry" Doby (December 13, 1923 – June 18, 2003) was an American professional baseball player in the Negro Leagues and Major League Baseball.
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Larry Grayson
Larry Grayson (31 August 1923 – 7 January 1995), born William Sulley White, was an English stand-up comedian and television presenter of the 1970s and early 80s. He is best remembered for hosting the BBC's popular series The Generation Game and for his high camp and English music hall humour.
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Larry Storch
Lawrence Samuel "Larry" Storch (born January 8, 1923) is an American actor best known for his comic television roles, including voice-over work for top cartoon shows, including Mr. Whoopee on Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales, and his live-action role the bumbling Corporal Randolph Agarn on F Troop.
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Lee Kuan Yew
Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH (English name: Harry, ; POJ: Lí Kong-iāu; born 16 September 1923; also Lee Kwan-Yew) is a Singaporean statesman. He was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore, from 1959 to 1990, and was one of the longest serving Prime Ministers in the world.
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Linda Christian
Linda Christian (born November 13, 1923) is a Mexican movie actress, who filmed films in Mexican cinema and in Hollywood, her career reached its peak in the 1940s and 1950s. She played Mara in the last Johnny Weissmuller Tarzan film Tarzan and The Mermaids (1948). She is also noted for being the first Bond girl, appearing in a 1954 TV adaptation of the James Bond novel Casino Royale. In 1963 she starred in an episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, "An Out for Oscar".
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Louis Simpson
Louis Aston Marantz Simpson (born March 27, 1923 in Jamaica) is an American poet. He won the 1964 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his work At The End Of The Open Road.
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Louk Hulsman
Lodewijk Henri Christian Hulsman, known as Louk Hulsman (8 March 1923 in Kerkrade – 28 January 2009 in Dordrecht) was a Dutch legal scientist and criminologist.
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Lucas Mangope
Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope (b. 27 December 1923) is the former leader of the Bantustan of Bophuthatswana and current leader of the United Christian Democratic Party, a minor political party based in the North West province.
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Luis Aloma
Luis Aloma Barba (July 23, 1923 – April 7, 1996), nicknamed "Witto", was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Chicago White Sox from 1950 through 1953. Aloma batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Havana, Cuba. He would also pitch in farm systems for the Washington Senators and the Detroit Tigers.
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Madeleine Dring
Madeleine Winefride Isabelle Dring (September 7, 1923 – March 26, 1977) was an English composer and actress.
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Mahlon Clark
Mahlon Clark (March 7, 1923–September 20, 2007) was an American musician who was a member of the Lawrence Welk orchestra from 1962 to 1968. His primary instrument was the clarinet.
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Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp (28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968; ) was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. Duchamp's output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art. He advised modern art collectors, such as Peggy Guggenheim and other prominent figures, thereby helping to shape the tastes of Western art during this period.
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Maria Callas
Maria Callas () (December 2, 1923September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano and one of the most renowned opera singers of the 20th century. She combined an impressive bel canto technique, a wide-ranging voice, and great dramatic gifts. An extremely versatile singer, her repertoire ranged from classical opera seria to the bel canto operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini; further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner. Her remarkable musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as La Divina.
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Martha Mansfield
Martha Mansfield (July 14, 1899 – November 30, 1923) was an American actress in silent films and vaudeville stage plays.
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Merton Miller
Merton Howard Miller (May 16, 1923 – June 3, 2000) was the co-author of the Modigliani-Miller theorem which proposed the irrelevance of debt-equity structure. He shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990, along with Harry Markowitz and William Sharpe. Miller spent most of his academic career at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
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Millôr Fernandes
Millôr Fernandes (born August 16, 1923, in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian cartoonist, humorist and playwright.
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Milton Acorn
Milton James Rhode Acorn (March 30, 1923 – August 20, 1986), nicknamed ''The People's Poet'' by his peers, was a Canadian poet, writer, and playwright. He was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.
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Mother Angelica
Mother Mary Angelica of the Annunciation, PCPA (born Rita Antoinette Rizzo on April 20, 1923) is an American Roman Catholic nun who founded the Eternal Word Television Network. In 1944 she entered the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration, a Franciscan religious order for women, as a postulant, and a year later she was admitted to the order as a novice. She went on to found a new house for the order in 1962 in Irondale, Alabama, where the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN) is headquartered, and in 1996 she initiated the building of the Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament and Our Lady of the Angels monastery in Hanceville, Alabama. Mother Angelica hosted shows on EWTN until she suffered a stroke in 2001. She continues to reside at the monastery in Hanceville.
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Moyra Fraser
Moyra Fraser (3 December 1923 – 13 December 2009) was an Australian-born British actress and ballet dancer, who is best known for playing Penny in the long-running sitcom As Time Goes By. Her sister was the actress Shelagh Fraser.
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Mukesh (singer)
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Murray Hamilton
Murray Hamilton (March 24, 1923 – September 1, 1986) was an American stage, screen, and television actor who appeared in such memorable films as The Hustler, The Graduate and Jaws.
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Murray Walker
Graeme Murray Walker, OBE (known as Murray Walker; born 10 October 1923, Hall Green, Birmingham, England) is a Formula One (F1) motorsport commentator. For most of his career he worked for the BBC, but when it lost the contract for F1 coverage to the company ITV, Walker continued his commentating after the change of broadcaster.
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Nirmala Srivastava
Nirmala Srivastava(née Nirmala Salve, more widely known as Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi) is the founder of Sahaja Yoga, a new religious movement. She has proclaimed that she is the complete incarnation of the Adi Shakti, and is worshiped as such..
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Norma Zimmer
Norma Zimmer (born July 13, 1923 as Norma Larsen) is a vocalist, best remembered for her 22-year tenure as Lawrence Welk's "Champagne Lady" on The Lawrence Welk Show.
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Norman Mailer
Norman Kingsley Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007) was an American novelist, journalist, essayist, poet, playwright, screenwriter and film director.
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Oskar Körner
Oskar Körner (January 4, 1875 - November 9, 1923) was a businessman who participated in Adolf Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch, in which he was killed.
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Ottoman Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
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Pablo Picasso
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso (; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor who lived most of his adult life in France. He is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist ''Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Guernica'' (1937), his portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.
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Paddy Chayefsky
Sidney Aaron "Paddy" Chayefsky (January 29, 1923August 1, 1981), was an American playwright, screenwriter, and novelist. He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay.
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Pancho Villa
José Doroteo Arango Arámbula (5 June 1878 – 20 July 1923), better known by his pseudonym Francisco Villa or its hypocorism Pancho Villa, was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals.
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Pat Phoenix
Patricia "Pat" Frederica Phoenix (born as Patricia Frederica Mansfield on 26 November 1923 – 18 September 1986) was an English actress who became one of the first sex symbols of British television but is perhaps most notable for playing Elsie Tanner in Coronation Street.
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Patrick Hillery
Patrick John "Paddy" Hillery (; 2 May 1923 – 12 April 2008) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and the sixth President of Ireland from 1976 until 1990. First elected at the 1951 general election as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for Clare, he remained in Dáil Éireann until 1973. During this time he served as Minister for Education (1959–1965), Minister for Industry and Commerce (1965–1966), Minister for Labour (1966–1969) and Minister for Foreign Affairs (1969–1973). In 1973 he was appointed Ireland's first European Commissioner, serving until 1976 when he became President. He served two terms in the presidency, and, though widely seen as a somewhat lacklustre President, he was credited with bringing stability and dignity to the office, and he won widespread admiration when it emerged that he had withstood political pressure from his own Fianna Fáil party during a political crisis in 1982.
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Peter Vaughan
Peter Vaughan (born 4 April 1923) is an English character actor, known for many supporting roles in a variety of British film and television productions. He has worked extensively on the stage, becoming known for roles such as police inspectors, Soviet agents and similar parts.
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Pierre Loti
Pierre Loti (pseudonym of Julien Viaud), born 14 January 1850 in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime and died 10 June 1923 in Hendaye, was a French novelist and naval officer.
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Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India of the British Raj from 1 May 1876, until her death. At 63 years and 7 months, her reign as the Queen lasted longer than that of any other British monarch, and is the longest of any female monarch in history. Her reign is known as the Victorian era, and was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military progress within the United Kingdom.
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Ralph Hall
Ralph Moody Hall (born May 3, 1923) is a United States Representative from . First elected in 1980, Hall is the ranking Republican of the Science Committee and a senior member of the Energy and Commerce Committee. He is the dean of the Texas congressional delegation, as well as the oldest serving member of the House of Representatives and the oldest member of either House of Congress.
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Ramon Valdes
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Raymond Radiguet
Raymond Radiguet (18 June 1903—12 December 1923) was a French author whose two novels were noted for their explicit themes and writing style and tone.
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Reza Shah
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Richard Attenborough
Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough, CBE (born 29 August 1923) is an English actor, director, producer and entrepreneur. Attenborough has won two Academy Awards, four BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes. He is the older brother of naturalist and wildlife filmmaker Sir David Attenborough.
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Richard Wollheim
Richard Arthur Wollheim (5 May 1923 – 4 November 2003) was a British philosopher noted for original work on mind and emotions, especially as related to the visual arts, specifically, painting. Wollheim served as the president of the British Society of Aesthetics from 1992 onwards until his death in 2003.
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Robert Maxwell
Ian Robert Maxwell MC (10 June 1923 – 5 November 1991) was a Czechoslovakian-born British media proprietor and former Member of Parliament (MP), who rose from poverty to build an extensive publishing empire. His death revealed huge black holes in his companies' finances, including the Mirror Group pension fund, which, it was alleged, Maxwell had misappropriated.
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Robin Day
Sir Robin Day, OBE (24 October 1923 – 6 August 2000) was a British political broadcaster and commentator. His obituary in the Guardian stated that "he was the most outstanding television journalist of his generation. He transformed the television interview, changed the relationship between politicians and television, and strove to assert balance and rationality into the medium's treatment of current affairs".
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Rocky Marciano
Rocky Marciano (September 1, 1923 – August 31, 1969), born Rocco Francis Marchegiano, was an Italian-American boxer and the heavyweight champion of the world from September 23, 1952, to April 27, 1956. When he retired he became the only heavyweight champion to finish his career undefeated. Remembered for notable victories against Joe Louis, Jersey Joe Walcott, Roland La Starza, Ezzard Charles and Archie Moore. He is considered one of the greatest boxers of all time.
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Roméo Sabourin
Roméo Sabourin (January 1, 1923, Montreal, Quebec - September 14, 1944, Weimar, Thuringia, Germany) is a Canadian hero of World War II.
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Roy Dotrice
Roy Dotrice, OBE (born 26 May 1923) is a British actor known for his Tony Award-winning Broadway performance in the revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten.
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Rudolf Friedrich
Rudolf Friedrich (born July 4, 1923) is a Swiss politician, lawyer and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1982-1984).
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Rudolph A. Marcus
Rudolph "Rudy" Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) is a Canadian-born chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his theory of electron transfer. Marcus theory, named after him, provides a thermodynamic and kinetic framework for describing one electron outer-sphere electron transfer.
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Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and subsequently gained control throughout Russia.
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Sam Francis
Samuel Lewis Francis (June 25, 1923, San Mateo, California – November 4, 1994, Santa Monica, California) was an American painter and printmaker. He was born in San Mateo, California, and studied botany, medicine and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He served in the United States Air Force during World War II before being injured in a plane crash. He was in the hospital for several years, and it was while there that he began to paint. Once out of the hospital he returned to Berkeley, this time to study art.
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Sam Phillips
Samuel Cornelius Phillips (January 5, 1923 – July 30, 2003), better known as Sam Phillips, was an American record producer who played an important role in the emergence of rock and roll as the major form of popular music in the 1950s. He was a producer, label owner, and talent scout throughout the '40s and '50s. He is most notably attributed with the discoveries of Howlin' Wolf, Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash, and is associated with several other noteworthy rhythm and blues and rock and roll stars of the period.
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Sarah Bernhardt
actor
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Shimon Peres
, GCMG (, born Szymon Perski; 2 August 1923) is the ninth and current President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and, except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, served continuously until 2007, when he became President.
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Sir Patrick Moore
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Stephanie Kwolek
Stephanie Louise Kwolek (born July 31, 1923) is an Polish-American chemist who invented poly-paraphenylene terephtalamide—better known as Kevlar. She was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of New Kensington, Pennsylvania. Kwolek has won numerous awards for her work in polymer chemistry.
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Sully Boyar
Irving "Sully" Boyar (December 14, 1924 - March 23, 2001) was an American actor.
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Thad Jones
Thaddeus Joseph Jones (March 28, 1923 – August 21, 1986) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader.
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The Fabulous Moolah
Mary Lillian Ellison (July 22, 1923 – November 2, 2007), better known by her ring name The Fabulous Moolah, was an American female professional wrestler. She began her career working with promoter Billy Wolfe and his wife, wrestler and trainer Mildred Burke, as well as working alongside professional wrestler "Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers. She won the NWA World Women's Championship in 1956 and was the most prominent holder of the title for approximately the next thirty years.
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Théophile Steinlen
Théophile Alexandre Steinlen, frequently referred to as just Steinlen (November 10, 1859 – December 13, 1923), was a Swiss-born French Art Nouveau painter and printmaker.
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Val Logsdon Fitch
Val Logsdon Fitch (born March 10, 1923, Merriman, Nebraska, USA) is an American nuclear physicist. A native of Merriman, Nebraska, he graduated from Gordon High School and attended Chadron State College for three years before being drafted into the U.S. army in 1943. He later graduated from McGill University with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1948 and completed his Ph.D. in physics in 1954 from Columbia University. In World War II, he worked on the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos. He is a member of the faculty at Princeton University.
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Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924), as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system.
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Vladimir Zworykin
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Vulo Radev
Vulo Radev () (1 January 1923 – 28 March 2001) was a Bulgarian film director.
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Wallace Reid
Wallace Reid (April 15, 1891 – January 18, 1923) was an actor in silent film referred to as "the screen's most perfect lover".
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Wally Schirra
Walter Marty Schirra, Jr. (March 12, 1923 – May 3, 2007) was one of the original Mercury 7 astronauts chosen for the Project Mercury, America's first effort to put humans in space. He was the only person to fly in all of America's first three space programs (Mercury, Gemini and Apollo). He logged a total of 295 hours and 15 minutes in space.
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Walt Disney
Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon, and philanthropist. Disney is famous for his influence in the field of entertainment during the 20th century. As the co-founder (with his brother Roy O. Disney) of Walt Disney Productions, Disney became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world. The corporation he co-founded, now known as The Walt Disney Company, today has annual revenues of approximately U.S. $35 billion.
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Walter Kohn
Walter Kohn (born March 9, 1923, in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist.
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Warren G. Harding
Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 August 2, 1923) was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack in 1923. A Republican from Ohio, Harding was an influential newspaper publisher. He served in the Ohio Senate (1899–1903) and later as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1903–1905) and as a U.S. Senator (1915–1921).
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Wilhelm Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
http://wn.com/Wilhelm_Röntgen -
William Butler Yeats
William Butler Yeats (; 13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and dramatist, and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival, and along with Lady Gregory and Edward Martyn founded the Abbey Theatre, serving as its chief during its early years. In 1923 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for what the Nobel Committee described as "inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation." He was the first Irishman so honored. Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after being awarded the Nobel Prize; such works include The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929).
http://wn.com/William_Butler_Yeats -
Wim van Est
Willem van Est (March 25, 1923 – 1 May 2003) was a Dutch cyclist. He is best known for being the first Dutch cyclist to wear the yellow jersey in the Tour de France of 1951 and for falling into a ravine while wearing it.
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Wislawa Szymborska
http://wn.com/Wislawa_Szymborska -
Wojciech Jaruzelski
Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (pronounced ; born 6 July 1923) was the last commander-in-chief of the communist Polish People's Army (LWP) and the chairman of the Polish United Workers Party from 1981 to 1989, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985 and the country's head of state from 1985 to 1990. He was the country's last communist leader and dictator and resigned from power after the Polish Round Table Agreement in 1989 led to democratic elections in Poland.
http://wn.com/Wojciech_Jaruzelski -
Wolfgang Sawallisch
Wolfgang Sawallisch (born 26 August 1923) is a German conductor and pianist.
http://wn.com/Wolfgang_Sawallisch -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I -
Yfrah Neaman
Yfrah Neaman OBE (;; February 13, 1923 – January 4, 2003) was a violinist and an eminent pedagogue.
http://wn.com/Yfrah_Neaman
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1923 Berkeley Fire
[[File:1923 Berkeley Fire.jpg|thumb|right|A frame from a [http://www.archive.org/details/Berkeley1923 newsreel] documenting the fire.]]
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Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
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Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan , Spanish ) is the capital and the most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, after Madrid, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Barcelona extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 4,200,000 on an area of , it is the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, Ruhr area, Madrid and Milan. About 5 million people live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is also Europe's largest metropolis on the Mediterranean coast. The main part of a union of adjacent cities and municipalities named Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona (AMB) with a population of 3,186,461 in an area of 636 km² (density 5.010 hab/km²). It is located on the Mediterranean coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge ().
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Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (, ; ; ), is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of , it is by far the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Bavaria is Germany's second most populous state (after North Rhine Westphalia) with almost 12.5 million inhabitants, more than any of the three sovereign states on its borders. Bavaria's capital is Munich.
http://wn.com/Bavaria -
Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch, but in German referred to as the Hitlerputsch or the Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch) was a failed attempt at revolution that occurred between the evening of 8 November and the early afternoon of 9 November 1923, when Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff, and other heads of the Kampfbund unsuccessfully tried to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. Putsch is the German word for a military coup d'état.
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Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
http://wn.com/Belgium -
Berkeley, California
Berkeley ( ) is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington. The eastern city limits coincide with the county line (bordering Contra Costa County), which generally follows the ridge line of the Berkeley Hills. Berkeley is located in northern Alameda County.
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Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin -
Bronx, NY
http://wn.com/Bronx_NY -
Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
http://wn.com/California -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Chihuahua (state)
http://wn.com/Chihuahua_(state) -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Egypt
Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
http://wn.com/Egypt -
Eiffel tower
http://wn.com/Eiffel_tower -
Elon College
http://wn.com/Elon_College -
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England -
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland -
Gdynia
Gdynia (, ) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and an important seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.
http://wn.com/Gdynia -
Greece
Greece (; , Elláda, ; , Hellás, ), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía, ), is a country in southeastern Europe. Situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at .
http://wn.com/Greece -
Hispaniola
Hispaniola (Spanish: La Española) is a major island in the Caribbean, containing the two sovereign states of the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The island is located between the islands of Cuba to the west, and Puerto Rico to the east, directly within the hurricane belt. Hispaniola is perhaps most famous as the site of the first European colonies in the New World, colonies founded by Christopher Columbus on his voyages in 1492 and 1493. It is the tenth most populous island in the world, and the most populous in the Americas. It is the 22nd largest island in the world.
http://wn.com/Hispaniola -
Interpol
Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956.
http://wn.com/Interpol -
Ireland
Ireland (,; , ; Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
http://wn.com/Ireland -
Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
http://wn.com/Istanbul -
Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
http://wn.com/Italy -
Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
http://wn.com/Japan -
Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
http://wn.com/Lebanon -
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Lithuania -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia -
Michigan
Michigan () is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is a French corruption of the Ojibwe word mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake".
http://wn.com/Michigan -
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
http://wn.com/Nobel_Peace_Prize -
Oaxaca
The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca (Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca, ) is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located in the southern part of the country, bordering the states of Guerrero to the west, Puebla to the northwest, Veracruz to the north, Chiapas to the east, and the Pacific Ocean in the south. With an area of 93,967 km² (36,820.2 sq mi), Oaxaca is the fifth largest state in the republic. According to the 2005 census it had a population of 3,506,821 inhabitants. The state is named for its capital and largest city.
http://wn.com/Oaxaca -
Pacific basin
http://wn.com/Pacific_basin -
Panama
Panama (), officially the Republic of Panama (; ), is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital is Panama City.
http://wn.com/Panama -
Persia
http://wn.com/Persia -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Residenz Theatre
The Residence Theatre (in German: Residenztheater) or New Residence Theatre (Neues Residenztheater) of the Residence in Munich was built from 1950 to 1951 by Karl Hocheder. The renovation of 1981 by Alexander von Branca removed the decoration which had been done in the typical style of the early 1950s.
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Rostov
Rostov (; Old Norse: Rostofa) is one of the oldest towns in Russia and a tourist centre of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero in Yaroslavl Oblast, 202 km to the north east of Moscow. Population:
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Siberia
Siberia ( ), is a vast region, constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union (USSR) from its beginning, as the preceding Russian Empire conquered it in the 16th century.
http://wn.com/Siberia -
Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
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Tokyo
, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
http://wn.com/Tokyo -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Turks and Caicos
http://wn.com/Turks_and_Caicos -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (, ) is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place. Its official name was Deutsches Reich (sometimes translated as German Empire, but Reich can also mean realm or federal level of government), however, and it was usually known in English simply as Germany. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919, a national assembly convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, then adopted on 11 August of that same year. Germany's period of liberal democracy lapsed in the early 1930s, leading to the ascent of the NSDAP and Adolf Hitler in 1933. Although the constitution of 1919 was never officially repealed, the legal measures taken by the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly known as Gleichschaltung ("coordination") meant that the government could legislate contrary to the constitution. The constitution became irrelevant; thus, 1933 is usually seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Hitler's Third Reich.
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Westminster Abbey
The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, England (UK), located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) monarchs of the Commonwealth Realms. It briefly held the status of a cathedral from 1546–1556, and is a Royal Peculiar.
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Yokohama
() is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
http://wn.com/Yokohama
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RELEASE
ALBUMS
Tools: Use checked songs to create your playlist
String Quartets 1 & 2 / Lux Aeterna / Ramifications / Choral Works / Six Bagatelles (Artemis Quartet, Groupe vocal De France, Guy Reibel)
(Released 2010)
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- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": I. Allegro Grazioso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": II. Vivace, capriccioso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": III. Adagio mesto
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": IV. Presto
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": V. Prestissimo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": VI. Andante tranquillo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": VII. Tempo di Valse, moderato con eleganza, un poco capriccioso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": VIII. Subito prestissimoso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": IX. Allegretto, un poco gioviale
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": X. Prestissimo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": XI. Ad libitum, senza misura
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": XII. Lento
- String Quartet No. 2: Allegro Nervoso
- String Quartet No. 2: Sostenuto, molto calmo
- String Quartet No. 2: Come un meccanismo di precisione
- String Quartet No. 2: Presto furioso, brutale, tumultuoso
- String Quartet No. 2: Allegro con delicatezza
- Ramifications for 12 string instruments
- 6 bagatelles for wind quintet: I. Allegro con spirito
- 6 bagatelles for wind quintet: II. Rubato, lamentoso
- 6 bagatelles for wind quintet: III. Allegro grazioso
- 6 bagatelles for wind quintet: IV. Presto ruvido
- 6 bagatelles for wind quintet: V. Adagio. Mesto
- 6 bagatelles for wind quintet: Molto vivace. Capriccioso
String Quartets Nos. 1 and 2, Andante and Allegretto (The Parker Quartet)
(Released 2009)
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- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": I. Allegro Grazioso - Presto
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": II. Prestissimo - Andante tranquillo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": III. Tempo di Valse, moderato, con eleganza, un poco capriccioso - Allegretto, un poco gioviale
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": IV. Subito allegro con moto - Prestissimo
- String Quartet No. 2: I. Allegro nervoso
- String Quartet No. 2: II. Sostenuto, molto calmo
- String Quartet No. 2: III. Come un meccanismo di precisione
- String Quartet No. 2: IV. Presto furioso, brutale, tumultuoso
- String Quartet No. 2: V. Allegro con delicatezza
- Andante and Allegretto: I. Andante cantabile
- Andante and Allegretto: II. Allegretto poco capriccioso
- Sonata for Solo Cello: I. Dialogo. Adagio, rubato, cantabile
- Sonata for Solo Cello: II. Capriccio. Presto con slancio
- 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: I. Allegro con spirito
- 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: II. Rubato. Lamentoso
- 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: III. Allegro grazioso -
- 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: IV. Presto ruvido
- 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: V. Adagio. Mesto (Béla Bartók in memoriam)
- 6 Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: VI. Molto vivace. Capriccioso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Allegro grazioso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Vivace, capriccioso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": A tempo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Adagio, mesto
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Presto
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": [...] molto sostenuto - Andante tranquillo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Più mosso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Tempo di valse, moderato, con eleganza, un poco capriccioso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Subito prestissimo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Subito: Molto sostenuto
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Allegretto, un poco gioviale
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Allarg. Poco più mosso
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Subito allegro con moto, string. poco a poco sin al prestissimo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Prestissimo
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Allegro comodo, gioviale
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Sostenuto, accelerando
- String Quartet No. 1, "Métamorphoses nocturnes": Lento
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: I. Molto sostenuto e calmo
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: II. Prestissimo minaccioso e burlesco
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: III. Lento
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: IV. Prestissimo leggiero e virtuoso
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: V. Presto stacatissimo e leggiero
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: VI. Lo stesso tempo. Presto staccatissimo e leggiero
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: VII. Vivo, energico
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: VIII. Allegro con delicatezza
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: IX. Sostenuto, stridente
- 10 Pieces for Wind Quintet: X. Presto bizarro e rubato, so schnell wie möglich
- String Quartet No. 2: Allegro nervoso
- String Quartet No. 2: Sostenuto, molto calmo
- String Quartet No. 2: Come un meccanismo di precisione
- String Quartet No. 2: Presto furioso, brutale, tumultuoso
- String Quartet No. 2: Allegro con delicatezza - stets sehr mild
- Aventures
- Nouvelles Aventures I
- Nouvelles Aventures II
- Artikulation for Tape
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: I. Sostenuto
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: II. Alegro con spirito
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: III. Tempo di valse - Poco vivace: "À l'orgue de barbarie"
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: IV. Con moto, giusto - Cantabile, molto legato
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: V. Vivace - Energico
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: VI. "Béla Bartók in memoriam" Adagio. Mesto: Allegretto maestoso
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: VII. Vivace - Capriccioso
- Eight Pieces from Musica ricercata: VIII. "Omaggio a Girolamo Frescobaldi" Andante misurato e tranquillo
- Sonata for Cello Solo: I. Dialogo. Adagio, rubato, cantabile
- Sonata for Cello Solo: II. Capriccio. Presto con slancio
- The Big Turtle Fanfare from the South China Sea
- Baladă şi joc: Andantino
- Baladă şi joc: Allegro vivace, energisch
- Régi magyar társas táncok
- Hamburg Concerto: I. Praeludium
- Hamburg Concerto: II. Signale, Tanz, Choral
- Hamburg Concerto: III. Aria, Aksak, Hoketus
- Hamburg Concerto: IV. Solo, Intermezzo, Mixtur, Kanon
- Hamburg Concerto: V. Spectra
- Hamburg Concerto: VI. Capriccio
- Hamburg Concerto: VII. Hymnus
- Double Concerto: I. Calmo, con tenerezza
- Double Concerto: II. Allegro corrente
- Ramifications
- Requiem: I. Introitus. Sostenuto
- Requiem: II. Kyrie. Molto espressivo
- Requiem: III. De die judicii sequentia. Subito: Agitato molto
- Requiem: IV. Lacrimosa. Molto lento
- Cello Concerto: I.
- Cello Concerto: II.
- Clocks and Clouds, for 12 female voices and orchestra
- Violin Concerto: I. Vivacissimo luminoso
- Violin Concerto: II. Aria, Hoquetus, Choral. Andante con moto
- Violin Concerto: III. Intermezzo. Presto fluido
- Violin Concerto: IV. Passacaglia. Lento intenso
- Violin Concerto: V. Appassionato. Agitato molto
- Síppal, dobbal, nádihegedűvel: I. Fabula
- Síppal, dobbal, nádihegedűvel: II. Táncdal
- Síppal, dobbal, nádihegedűvel: III. Kínai templom
- Síppal, dobbal, nádihegedűvel: IV. Kuli
- Síppal, dobbal, nádihegedűvel: V. Alma álma
- Síppal, dobbal, nádihegedűvel: VI. Keserédes
- Síppal, dobbal, nádihegedűvel: VII. Szajkó
- Premier livre: Étude No. 1: Désordre
- Premier livre: Étude No. 2: Cordes à vide
- Premier livre: Étude No. 3: Touches bloquées
- Premier livre: Étude No. 4: Fanfares
- Premier livre: Étude No. 5: Arc-en-ciel
- Premier livre: Étude No. 6: Automne à Varsovie
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 7: Galamb borong
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 8: Fém
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 9: Vertige
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 10: Der Zauberlehrling
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 11: En suspens
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 12: Entrelacs
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 13: L'escalier du Diable
- Deuxième livre: Étude No. 14: Coloana infinita
- Troisieme livre: Étude No. 15: White on white
- Troisieme livre: Étude No. 16: Pour Irina
- Troisieme livre: Étude No. 17: A bout de souffle
The Ligeti Project II (Berliner Philharmoniker feat. conductor Jonathan Nott)
(Released 2002)
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- Lontano
- Atmosphères
- Apparitions: I. Lento
- Apparitions: II. Agitato
- San Francisco Polyphony
- Concert românesc: I. Andantino
- Concert românesc: II. Allegro vivace
- Concert românesc: III. Adagio ma non troppo
- Concert românesc: IV. Molto vivace
- Desordre
- Cordes Vides
- Touches Bloquees
- Fanfares
- Arc En Ciel
- Automne A Varsovie
- Invention
- Capriccio No.1 - Allegretto Capriccioso
- Capriccio No.2 - Allegro Robusto
- Sostenuto - Misurato, Stringendo Al Prestissimo
- Mesto, Parlando
- Allegro Con Spirito
- Tempo Divalse (Poco Animato)
- Rubato, Lamentoso
- Allegro Un Poco Capriccioso
- Con Moto Giusto - Quieto, Poco Rubato
- Vivace, Energico
- Adagio, Mesto (Bela Bartok In Memoriam)
- Vivace, Capriccioso
- Andante Misurato E Tranquillo (Omaggio A Girolamo Frescobaldi)
- Passacaglia ungherese
- Hungarian Rock
- Continuum
- Lux aeterna
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": I. Allegro grazioso
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": II. Vivace capriccioso
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": III. Adagio mesto
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": IV. Presto
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": V. Andante tranquillo
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": VI. Tempo di valse, moderato, con eleganza, un poco capriccioso
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": VII. Allegretto, un poco gioviale
- Quatuor à cordes No. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes": IX. Prestissimo
- Poème symphonique pour 100 métronomes
- Passacaille hongroise
- Continuum
- Volumina
- Violin Concerto: I. Praeludinum
- Violin Concerto: II. Aria, Hoquetus, Chorale
- Violin Concerto: III. Intermezzo
- Violin Concerto: IV. Passacaglia
- Violin Concerto: V. Appasionato
- Helle Nacht: Violin Concerto: I. Allegro moderato
- Helle Nacht: Violin Concerto: II. Adagio
- Helle Nacht: Violin Concerto III: Allegretto leggero
- Helle Nacht: Violin Concerto: IV. Poco allegro
- Sonata "The Secret Melody": I. Prologue
- Sonata "The Secret Melody": II. Roaming
- Sonata "The Secret Melody": III. Singing
- Sonata "The Secret Melody": IV. Playing
- Sonata "The Secret Melody": V. Epilogue
- Melodien for Orchestra
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists: I. Corrente (Fließend)
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists: II. Calmo, sostenuto
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists: III. Movimento preciso e meccanico
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists: IV. Presto
- Piano Concerto: I. Vivace molto ritmico e preciso
- Piano Concerto: II. Lento e deserto
- Piano Concerto: III. Vivace cantabile
- Piano Concerto: IV. Allegro risoluto, molto ritmico
- Piano Concerto: V. Presto luminoso
- Mysteries of the Macabre for Solo Trumpet and Chamber Orchestra
Le Grand Macabre (London Sinfonietta Voices & Philharmonia Orchestra feat. conductor: Esa-Pekka Salonen)
(Released 1999)
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- Le Grand Macabre: Car Horn Prelude
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 1: Dies irae
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 1: Away, you swagpot!
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 1: Shut up!
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 1: Oh..! - Amanda! Can do no more!
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 1: Ha-ha-ha-ha! Give me my requisites
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 1: Melting snow is thy breast
- Le Grand Macabre: Second Car Horn Prelude
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 2: One! Two! Three! Five!
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 2: Shapely and attractive figure
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 2: Venus! Venus!
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 2: Stop! - Sh!.. Quiet, for heaven's sake!
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 2: Who's there? A man? - A man!
- Le Grand Macabre, Scene 2: Fire and death I bring
- Trio for Violin, Horn, and Piano: I. Andantino con tenerezza
- Trio for Violin, Horn, and Piano: II. Vivacissimo molto ritmico
- Trio for Violin, Horn, and Piano: III. Alla marcia
- Trio for Violin, Horn, and Piano: IV. Lamento. Adagio
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: I. Molto sostenuto e calmo
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: II. Prestissimo minaccioso e burlesco
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: III. Lento
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: IV. Prestissimo leggiero e virtuoso
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: V. Presto staccatissimo e leggiero
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: VI. Presto staccatissimo e leggiero
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: VII. Vivo, energico
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: VIII. Allegro con delicatezza
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: IX. Sostenuto, stridente
- Ten Pieces for Wind Quintet: X. Presto bizzarro e rubato, so schnell wie möglich
- Six Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: I. Allegro con spirito
- Six Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: II. Rubato, lamentoso
- Six Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: III. Allegro grazioso
- Six Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: IV. Presto ruvido
- Six Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: V. Adagio, mesto
- Six Bagatelles for Wind Quintet: VI. Molto vivace - Cappriccioso
- Sonata for Solo Viola: I. Hora Lungă. Lento rubato (ma ritmico)
- Sonata for Solo Viola: II. Loop. Molto vivace, ritmico - with swing
- Sonata for Solo Viola: III. Facsar. Andante cantabile ed espressivo, with swing
- Sonata for Solo Viola: IV. Presto con sordino. So schnell wie möglich
- Sonata for Solo Viola: V. Lamento. Tempo giusto, intenso e barbaro
- Sonata for Solo Viola: VI. Chaconne chromatique. Vivace appassionata (molto ritmico e feroce)
- String Quartet No. 1: I. Allegro grazioso
- String Quartet No. 1: II. Vivace, capriccioso
- String Quartet No. 1: III. Adagio, mesto
- String Quartet No. 1: IV. Presto
- String Quartet No. 1: V. Andante tranquillo
- String Quartet No. 1: VI. Temp di valse
- String Quartet No. 1: VII. Allegretto, un poco gioviale
- String Quartet No. 1: VIII. Prestissimo
- String Quartet No. 2: I. Allegro nervoso
- String Quartet No. 2: II. Sostenuto, molto calmo
- String Quartet No. 2: III. Come un meccanismo di precisione
- String Quartet No. 2: IV. Presto furioso, brutale, tumultuoso
- String Quartet No. 2: V. Allegro con delicatezza
- Hommage a Hilding Rosenberg
- Baladä şi joc: Balada. Andante
- Baladä şi joc: Joc. Allegro vivace
- Andante and Allegretto: Andante cantabile
- Andante and Allegretto: Allegretto poco capriccioso
- Adaptations for Barrel Organ: Continuum
- Adaptations for Barrel Organ: Hungarian Rock
- Adaptations for Barrel Organ: Capriccio No. 1
- Adaptations for Barrel Organ: Invention
- Adaptations for Barrel Organ: Capriccio No. 2
- Poème Symphonique for 100 Metronomes
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: I. Sostenuto - Misurato - Prestissimo
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: II. Mesto, rigido e cerimoniale
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: III. Allegro con spirito
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: IV. Tempo de Valse (poco vivace - (à l'orgue de barbarie))
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: V. Rubato. Lamentoso
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: VI. Allegro molto capriccioso
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: VII. Cantabile, molto legato
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: VIII. Vivace. Energico
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: IX. (Béla Bartók in memoriam) Adagio. Mesto - Allegro maestoso
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: X. Vivace. Capriccioso
- Adaptation for Barrel Organ: IX. (Omaggio a Girolamo Frescobaldi) Andante misurato e tranquillo
- Adaptations for Player Piano: X. Der Zauberlehrling
- Adaptations for Player Piano: IX. Vertige
- Adaptations for Player Piano: XI. En suspens
- Adaptations for Player Piano: XIII, L'escalier du diable
- Adaptations for Player Piano: XIVa. Coloana fără sfârşit
- Adaptations for Player Piano: VII. Galamb borong (Adapted for 2 Player Pianos)
- Adaptations for Player Piano: Continuum (Adapted for 2 Player Pianos)
Ligeti Edition 3: Works for Piano: Études / Musica ricercata (feat. piano: Pierre-Laurent Aimard)
(Released 1997)
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- Piano Études, Book 1: I. Désordre
- Piano Études, Book 1: II. Cordes à Vide
- Piano Études, Book 1: III. Touches Bloquées
- Piano Études, Book 1: IV. Fanfares
- Piano Études, Book 1: V. Arc-en-ciel
- Piano Études, Book 1: VI. Automne à Varsovie
- Piano Études, Book 2: VII. Galamb Borong
- Piano Études, Book 2: VIII. Fém
- Piano Études, Book 2: IX. Vertige
- Piano Études, Book 2: X. Der Zauberlehrling
- Piano Études, Book 2: XI. En suspens
- Piano Études, Book 2: XII. Entrelacs
- Piano Études, Book 2: XIII. L'escalier du diable
- Piano Études, Book 2: XIV. Coloana infinită
- Musica ricercata: I. Sostenuto - Misurato - Prestissimo
- Musica ricercata: II. Mesto. Rigido e cerimoniale
- Musica ricercata: III. Allegro con spirito
- Musica ricercata: VI. Tempo de valse. Poco vivace - "À l'orgue de barbarie"
- Musica ricercata: V. Rubato. Lamentoso
- Musica ricercata: VI. Allegro molto capriccioso
- Musica ricercata: VII. Cantabile, molto legato
- Musica ricercata: VIII. Vivace. Energico
- Musica ricercata: IX. (Béla Bartók in Memoriam) Adagio - Mesto - Allegro maestoso
- Musica ricercata: X. Vivace. Capriccioso
- Musica ricercata: XI. (Ormaggio a Girolamo Frescobaldi) Andante misurato e tranquillo
- Piano Études, Book 3: XV. White on White
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Induló
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Polifón etüd
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Három lakodalmi tánc, Part 1
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Három lakodalmi tánc, Part 2
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Három lakodalmi tánc, Part 3
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Sonatina, Part 1
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Sonatina, Part 2
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Sonatina, Part 3
- Five Pieces for Piano Four-Hands: Allegro
- Capriccio No. 1
- Invention
- Capriccio No. 2
- Three Pieces for Two Pianos: I. Monument
- Three Pieces for Two Pianos: II. Selbstportrait mit Reich und Riley (und Chopin ist auch dabei)
- Three Pieces for Two Pianos: III. In zart fließender Bewegung
- Passacaglia ungherese
- Hungarian Rock
- Continuum
- Ricercare
- Two Studies for Organ: I. Harmonies
- Two Studies for Organ: II. Coulée
- Volumina
- Études, Book I (1985): Désordre
- Études, Book I: Cordes á vide
- Études, Book I: Touches bloquées
- Études, Book I: Fanfares
- Études, Book I: Arc-en-ciel
- Études, Book I: Automne à Varsovie
- Études, Book II (1988-93): Galamb borong
- Études, Book II: Fém
- Études, Book II: Vertige
- Études, Book II: Der Zauberlehrling
- Études, Book II: En suspens
- Études, Book II: Entrelacs
- Études, Book II: L'escalier du Diable
- Études, Book II: Coloana infinita
- Invention (1948)
- Due capricci (1947): Capriccio No. 1
- Due capricci: Capriccio No. 2
- Trois Bagatelles for David Tudor (1961): I
- Trois Bagatelles for David Tudor: II
- Trois Bagatelles for David Tudor: III
- Chromatische Phantasie (1956)
Ligeti Edition 2: A Cappella Choral Works (London Sinfonietta Voices feat. conductor: Terry Edwards)
(Released 1996)
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- Éjszaka
- Reggel
- Igeden földön: I. Siralmas nékem
- Igeden földön: II. Egy fekete holló
- Igeden földön: III. Vissza ne nézz
- Igeden földön: VI. Fujdogál a nyári szél
- Magány
- Két kánon: I. Ha folyóvíz volnék
- Két kánon: II. Pletykázó asszonyok
- Betlehemi királyok
- Bujdosó
- Lux aeterna
- Lakodalmas
- Inaktelki nóták: I. Sej, hideg sincsen
- Inaktelki nóták: II. Úri bicsok, nincsen nyele
- Inaktelki nóták: III. Én az uccán már végig se mehetek
- Inaktelki nóták: II. Da capo. Úri bicsok, nincsen nyele
- Mátraszentimrei dalok: I. Három hordó
- Mátraszentimrei dalok: II. Igaz szerelem
- Mátraszentimrei dalok: III. Gomb, gomb
- Mátraszentimrei dalok: IV. Erdőbe, erdőbe
- Pápainé
- Drei Phantasien nach Friedrich Hölderlin: I. Hälfte des Lebens
- Drei Phantasien nach Friedrich Hölderlin: II. Wenn aus der Ferne
- Drei Phantasien nach Friedrich Hölderlin: III. Abendphantasie
- Magyar Etüdök: I. 9. Etüd (Spiegelkanon)
- Magyar Etüdök: II. 49. Etüd / 40. Etüd
- Magyar Etüdök: III. 90. Etüd (Vásár)
- Haj, ifjúság! I. Azt hallottam rószám
- Haj, ifjúság! II. Nem láttam én télbe fecskét
- Húsvét
- Hortobágy: I. Kiszáradt a tóbul mind a sár
- Hortobágy: II. Még azt mondják
- Hortobágy: III. És az eső fú a szél
- Magos kősziklának
- Kállai kettős: I. Felüről fúj őszi szél
- Kállai kettős: II. Eb fél, kutya fél
Continuum / 10 Stücke für Bläserquintett / Artikulation / Glissandi / 2 Etüden / Volumina
(Released 1996)
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- Continuum für Cembalo
- Zehn Stücke für Bläserquintett
- Artikulation, elektronische Komposition
- Glissandi, elektronische Komposition
- Etüden für Orgel: Nr. 1 Harmonies
- Etüden für Orgel: Nr. 2 Coulée
- Volumina für Orgel: 1. Fassung
- Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: I - Vivace molto ritmico e preciso
- Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: II - Lento e deserto
- Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: III - Vivace cantabile
- Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: IV - Allegro risoluto, molto ritmico
- Concerto for Piano and Orchestra: V - Presto luminoso: fluido, cosante, sempre molto ritmico
- Concerto for Violoncello and Orchestra: I
- Concerto for Violoncello and Orchestra: II
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra: I - Praeludium: Vivacissimo luminoso
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra: II - Aria, Hoquestus, Choral: Andante con moto
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra: III - Intermezzo: Presto fluido
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra: IV - Passacaglia: Lento intenso
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra: V - Apassionato: Agitato molto
Cello Concerto / Piano Concerto / Chamber Concerto (Ensemble Modern feat. conductor: Peter Eötvös)
(Released 1994)
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- Concert for Cello and Orchestra I: ♩ = 40
- Concert for Cello and Orchestra II: (Lo stesso tempo)
- Concert for Piano and Orchestra I: Vivace molto ritmico e preciso
- Concert for Piano and Orchestra II: Lento e deserto
- Concert for Piano and Orchestra III: Vivace cantabile
- Concert for Piano and Orchestra IV: Allegro risoluto
- Concert for Piano and Orchestra V: Presto luminoso
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists I: Corrente (Fließend)
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists II: Calmo, sostenuto
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists III: Movimento preciso e meccanico
- Chamber Concerto for 13 Instrumentalists IV: Presto
Trio für Violine, Horn und Klavier / Passacaglia ungherese / Hungarian Rock / Continuum / Monument · Selbstportrait · Bewegung
(Released 1993)
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- Trio für Violine, Horn und Klavier: Andantino con tenerezza
- Trio für Violine, Horn und Klavier: Vivacissimo molto ritmico
- Trio für Violine, Horn und Klavier: Alla Marcia
- Trio für Violine, Horn und Klavier: Lamento; Adagio
- Passacaglia ungherese für Cembalo
- Hungarian Rock (Chaconne) für Cembalo
- Continuum für Cembalo
- Selbstportrait Bewegung 3 Stücke fur zwei Klaviere: Monument
- Selbstportrait Bewegung 3 Stücke fur zwei Klaviere: Selbstportrait mit Reich und Riley (und Chopin ist auch dabei)
- Selbstportrait Bewegung 3 Stücke fur zwei Klaviere: In zart fließender Bewegung
- Act 1. Vorspiel / Scene 1
- Act 1. Scene 1. Dies irae, dies illa... und Aufritt des Lieberspaares
- Act 1. Scene 1. Erscheinen Nekrotzars aus dem Grab: Zurück, du Fettwanst!...
- Act 1. Scene 1. Nekrotzars Verkündigung. Heute noch, um Mitternacht...
- Act 1. Scene 1. Finale - Nekrotzar. Beim allerhöchsten Willen... und Leibesduett
- Act 1. Zwischenspiel zwischen Bild 1 und Bild 2
- Act 1. Scene 2. Häusliche Szene. Mescalina: Eins! Zwei! Drei! Fünf! / Astradamors: Au!
- Act 1. Scene 2. Mescalinas Klage. O weh! O weh! Wer soll spülen? Wer soll waschen? / Szene mit der
- Act 1. Scene 2. Mescalina: Anziehend und formvollendet, / Astadamors guckt in die Sterne, / Mescali
- Act 1. Scene 2. Heftiger Auftritt Nekrotzars auf Piet reitend, / Erscheinung der Venus und gewaltsa
- Act 1. Scene 2. Finale - Nekrotzar: Feuer und Feuersnot! / Terzett Piet - Netkotzar - Astradamors.
- Act 2. Vorspiel / Scene 3
- Act 2. Scene 3. Unterhaltung der zwei Minister untereinander und mit dem Fürsten Go-Go
- Kammerkonzert: Corrente
- Kammerkonzert: Calmo, sostenuto
- Kammerkonzert: Movimento preciso e meccanico
- Kammerkonzert: Presto
- Ramifications, Version für Streichorchester
- Ramifications, Version für 12 Solostreicher
- Lux aeterna für 16stimmigen gemischten Chor a cappella
- Atmosphères für großes Orchester ohne Schlagzeug
Streichquartett Nr. 1 / Streichquartett Nr. 2 (Arditti-String-Quartet, London)
(Released 1988)
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- Streichquartett Nr. 1 "Métamorphoses nocturnes"
- Streichquartett Nr. 2: I. Allegro nervoso
- Streichquartett Nr. 2: II. Sostenuto, molto calmo
- Streichquartett Nr. 2: III. Come un meccanismo di precisione
- Streichquartett Nr. 2: IV. Presto furioso, brutale, tumultoso
- Streichquartett Nr. 2: V. Allegro con delicatezza
Chamber Concerto / Ramifications / String Quartet No. 2 / Aventures / Lux aeterna (feat. conductor: Pierre Boulez)
(Released 1988)
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- Chamber Concerto: I. Corrente
- Chamber Concerto: II. Calmo, sostenuto
- Chamber Concerto: III. Movimento preciso e meccanico
- Chamber Concerto: IV. Presto
- Ramifications
- String Quartet No. 2: I. Allegro nervoso
- String Quartet No. 2: II. Sostenuto, molto calmo
- String Quartet No. 2: III. Come un meccanismo di precisione
- String Quartet No. 2: IV. Presto furioso, brutale, tumultuoso
- String Quartet No. 2: V. Allegro con delicatezza - stets sehr mild
- Aventures
- Lux aeterna
Ligeti: Études pour piano, premier livre / Messiaen: Vingt regards sur l'Enfant-Jésus (sélection) (feat. piano:Volker Banfield)
(Released 1987)
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- Étude 1 : Désordre
- Étude 2 : Cordes vides
- Étude 3 : Touches bloquées
- Étude 4 : Fanfares
- Étude 5 : Arc-en-ciel
- Étude 6 : Automne à Varsovie
- Vingt Regards 13 : Noël
- Vingt Regards 11 : Première communion de la Vierge
- Vingt Regards 16 : Regard des prophètes, des bergers et des Mages
- Vingt Regards 17 : Regard du silence
- Vingt Regards 10 : Regard de l'Esprit de joie
- Mars, the Bringer of War
- Venus, the Bringer of Peace
- Mercury, the Winged Messenger
- Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity
- Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age
- Uranus, the Magician
- Neptune, the Mystic
- Lux aeterna
- Musica Ricercata: I. Sostenuto - Misurato - Prestissimo
- Musica Ricercata: II. Mesto, rigido e cerimoniale
- Musica Ricercata: III. Allegro con spirito
- Musica Ricercata: IV. Tempo di valse (Poco vivace - à l'orgue de Barbarie)
- Musica Ricercata: V. Rubato. Lamentoso
- Musica Ricercata: VI. Allegro molto capriccioso
- Musica Ricercata: VII. Cantabile, molto legato
- Musica Ricercata: VIII. Vivace. Energico
- Musica Ricercata: IX. Adagio. Mesto - Allegro maestoso
- Musica Ricercata: X. Vivace. Capriccioso
- Musica Ricercata: XI. Andante misurato e tranquillo
- Capriccio No. 1
- Invention
- Capriccio No. 2
- Three Pieces for Two Pianos: I. Monument
- Three Pieces for Two Pianos: II. Selbstportrait
- Three Pieces for Two Pianos: III. Bewegung
- Nonsense Madrigals: I. Two Dreams and Little Bat
- Nonsense Madrigals: II. Cuckoo in the Pear-Tree
- Nonsense Madrigals: III. The Alphabet
- Nonsense Madrigals: IV. Flying Robert
- Nonsense Madrigals: V. The Lobster Quadrille
- Nonsense Madrigals: VI. A Long, Sad Tale
- Mysteries of the Macabre
- Aventures
- Nouvelles Aventures: I. Sostenuto
- Nouvelles Aventures: II. Agitato molto
- Der Sommer
- Három Weöres-dal: I. Tancol a Hold feher ingben
- Három Weöres-dal: II. Gyumolcs-furt
- Három Weöres-dal: III. Kalmarjottnagy madarakkal
- Öt Arany-dal: I . Csalfa sugár
- Öt Arany-dal: II . A legszebb virág
- Öt Arany-dal: III . A csendes dalokból
- Öt Arany-dal: IIV . A bujdosó
- Öt Arany-dal: V. Az ördög elvitte a fináncot
- Négy lakodalmi tánc: I. A menyasszony szép virág
- Négy lakodalmi tánc: II. A kapuban a szekér
- Négy lakodalmi tánc: III. Hopp ide tisztán
- Négy lakodalmi tánc: IV. Mikor kedves Laci bátyám
- Musica Ricercata: I. Sotenuto
- Musica Ricercata: II. Mesto, rigido e cerimoniale
- Musica Ricercata: III. Allegro con spirito
- Musica Ricercata: IV. Tempo di valse
- Musica Ricercata: V. Rubato. Lamentoso
- Musica Ricercata: VI. Allegro molto capriccioso
- Musica Ricercata: VII. Cantabile, molto legato
- Musica Ricercata: VIII. Adagio mesto (Bela Bartok in memoriam)
- Musica Ricercata: IX. Vivace capriccioso
- Musica Ricercata: X. Andante misurato e tranquillo (Omaggioa Girolamo Frescobaldi)
- Musica Ricercata: XI. Andante misurato e tranquilo (Omaggioa Giralamo Fescobaldi)
- Fruhe Stucke - Sonatina: I. Allegro
- Fruhe Stucke - Sonatina: II. Andante
- Fruhe Stucke - Sonatina: III. Vivace
- Fruhe Stucke - Trefas indulo
- Fruhe Stucke - Polyphonic Etude
- Fruhe Stucke - Three Wedding Dances: I. A kapuban a szeker
- Fruhe Stucke - Three Wedding Dances: II. Hopp ide tisztan
- Fruhe Stucke - Three Wedding Dances: III. Csango forgos
- Allegro (For Piano for Four Hands)
- Three Pieces: I. Monument
- Three Pieces: II. Selbstportrait mit Reich und Riley (und Chopin ist auch dabei)
- Three Pieces: III. In zart fliebender bewegung
- Etude No. 15: "White on White"
- Etude No. 16: "Pour Irina"
- Lux Aeterna
- 3 Fantaisies d'après Friedrich Hölderlin: I. Hälfte des Lebens (Milieu de la nuit)
- 3 Fantaisies d'après Friedrich Hölderlin: II. Wenn aus der Ferne (Si de très loin)
- 3 Fantaisies d'après Friedrich Hölderlin: III. Abendphantasie (Fantaisie du soir)
- Magány (Solitude)
- Pápainé (Madame Papai)
- Éjszaka (Nuit)
- Reggel (Matin)
- Études Hongroises: I. Canon-miroir
- Études Hongroises: II. Étude
- Études Hongroises: III. Vásár (Foire)
- 3 Chants du folklore Hongrois - Bujdosó (Chant d'exil)
- 3 Chants du folklore Hongrois - Kállai kettós (Pas de deux de Kalla)
- 3 Chants du folklore Hongrois - Lakodalmas (Les Noces)
- Màtraszentimrei Dalok - Három hordo (3 Tonneaux)
- Màtraszentimrei Dalok - Igaz szerelem (Amour sincère)
- Màtraszentimrei Dalok - Gomb, gomb (Pom-Pom)
- Màtraszentimrei Dalok - Erdöbe, erdöbe (Là-bas, dans la forêt)
- Pletykazo asszonyok (Les Commères)
- Haj, ifjuság ! (Oh, jeunesse !)
Born: 1923-05-28
Died: 2006-06-12
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Harold Lloyd's "Safety Last"- 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:35
- Published: 12 Dec 2008
- Uploaded: 26 Jan 2012
- Author: ElusiveAtSeventyTwo
As my final project for my music composition course, I wrote original music to this scene from Harold Lloyd's silent film "Safety Last". Harold is trying to get away from a police officer by climbing a building...but he's having a little trouble, isn't he? The original scene is 20 minutes long, so I cut it down to 7 and a half. At about 6:45 into the clip, I used the song "Stumbling" by Zez Confrey. Enjoy.
http://wn.com/Harold_Lloyd's_Safety_Last_1923
The Royal Wedding (1923)
As the year suggests, this is the wedding of King George VI and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Elizabeth II's future parents, as incarnated by Colin Firth and Helena Bonham Carter in 'The King's Speech'. But this is all with the benefit of hindsight: as far as the Topical Film Company was concerned, they were filming the wedding of the Duke of York, second son of King George V - though they still treated it as a major media event, with nineteen cameramen filming the proceedings from numerous angles. (Michael Brooke) For more information about how the Topical Budget newsreel covered royal events see www.screenonline.org.uk
http://wn.com/The_Royal_Wedding_1923
Hyperinflation - Germany 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Published: 09 Jun 2008
- Uploaded: 25 Jan 2012
- Author: Plymhistnet
A teaching resource to support an explantion of the economic process of inflation; how the Weimar Government reacted and how it contributed to the Year of Crisis 1923
http://wn.com/Hyperinflation__Germany_1923
The Queen Mother's wedding, 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Published: 11 Dec 2007
- Uploaded: 24 Jan 2012
- Author: TheRoyalChannel
Silent newsreel footage of the wedding day of The Duke of York (later King George VI) and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) as they travel to and from Westminster Abbey for the ceremony.
http://wn.com/The_Queen_Mother's_wedding,_1923
Filming 'Greed' (1923)
Newsreel footage of Erich von Stroheim's crew making the trek to Death Valley to film the final sequence of 'Greed'.
http://wn.com/Filming_'Greed'_1923
The Hunchback Of Notre Dame (1923) - Full Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 100:44
- Published: 06 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 26 Jan 2012
- Author: LuckyStrike502
Clopin bought Esmeralda from the gypsies when she was young. Dancing in the square at the festival, Esmeralda is spotted by Jehan, the evil brother of the good archdeacon Claude Frollo. When he sets Quasimodo out to kidnap Esmeralda, Phoebus, Captain of the Guards, rescues her and captures Quasimodo. The courts sentence Quasimodo to be flogged, and the only one who will give him water while he is tied in the square is Esmeralda. After Clopin forces Esmeralda to leave Phoebus at the ball, she sends a note to Phoebus to meet her at Notre-Dame. In the garden, Phoebus is stabbed in the back by Jehan. Esmeralda is accused of stabbing Phoebus, convicted by the courts and sentenced to hang. When Esmeralda again rejects Jehan, he tells her that Phoebus is dead, even though it is not true. Clopin, Phoebus and Quasimodo all try different ways to save Esmeralda. The Hunchback Of Notre Dame is in the public domain, and can be downloaded here for free: www.archive.org
http://wn.com/The_Hunchback_Of_Notre_Dame_1923__Full_Movie
100 Jahre - Der Countdown 18 - 1923 - Hitlers Putsch
Verrückte Jahre - 1923 - Hitlers Putsch Der Abend des 8. November 1923: Mehr als 3.000 Menschen drängeln sich im dunklen Münchner Bürgerbräu-Keller. NS-Führer Adolf Hitler wartet sichtlich nervös vor dem Versammlungssaal, stürmt um 20.30 Uhr mit gezogener Browning hinein. "Er rannte zum Rednerpult, schoss mit dem Revolver in die Decke", erinnert sich Augenzeuge Günther Grassmann. Hitler erklärt die bayerische Regierung für abgesetzt. Einfach so. Grassmann: "Mir kam das alles extrem komisch vor. Wie ein Kasperltheater." Drei Monate später wird dem Putschisten der Prozess gemacht. Das Urteil: Fünf Jahre Festungshaft. Im Gefängnis schreibt Hitler das Pamphlet "Mein Kampf". Neun Monate später wird er entlassen, neun Jahre später Reichskanzler: Eine Machtübernahme mit verheerenden Folgen für Deutschland und die Welt - durch jenen Mann, den zur rechten Zeit keiner ernst nahm. (Quelle: www.phoenix.de)
http://wn.com/100_Jahre__Der_Countdown_18__1923__Hitlers_Putsch
The Hunchback of Notre Dame 1923 PART 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:35
- Published: 21 May 2007
- Uploaded: 02 Jan 2012
- Author: HugosNotreDame
The Hunchback of Notre Dame 1923 Directed by: Wallace Worsley Script by: Edward T. Lowe Jr., Perley Poore Sheehan Cast: Quasimodo: Lon Chaney Esmeralda: Patsy Ruth Miller Phoebus: Norman Kerry Jehan: Brandon Hurst Claude: Nigel de Brulier Clopin: Ernest Torrence Gringoire: Raymond Hatton King Louis XI: Tully Marshall Sister Gudule: Gladys Brockwell
http://wn.com/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_1923_PART_1
![Our Hospitality 1923 [1/]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120222182900im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/5vYF9-s4voQ/0.jpg "Our Hospitality 1923 [1/]")
Our Hospitality 1923 [1/]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Published: 29 Dec 2008
- Uploaded: 18 Jan 2012
- Author: TheseFavoriteMovies
Buster Keaton
http://wn.com/Our_Hospitality_1923_ 1/
The Weimar Republic - 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Published: 21 Jun 2010
- Uploaded: 08 Jan 2012
- Author: worcesterjonny
A video about the crises the Weimar Republic encountered in 1923 and more importantly how it dealt with them. A video that can be used for GCSE or A-Level History.
http://wn.com/The_Weimar_Republic__1923
The Ten Commandments 1923 - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Published: 24 Apr 2009
- Uploaded: 10 Jan 2012
- Author: moreiramedeiros
see this full movie v.youku.com
http://wn.com/The_Ten_Commandments_1923__Part_1
1923 Grand National
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Published: 12 Mar 2007
- Uploaded: 20 Nov 2011
- Author: captainbeecher
Friday 23rd March 1923 Winner:-Sergeant Murphy Owned by Steven Sandford, Trained by George Blackwell @ Newmarket, Ridden by Captain Tuppy Bennett. 2nd :- Shaun Spadah 3rd :-Conjuror II 4th :- Punt Gun 28 ran:-7 finished Favourite:- Forewarned {fell 1st circuit}
http://wn.com/1923_Grand_National
The Ten Commandments (1923)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:56
- Published: 12 Nov 2007
- Uploaded: 22 Jan 2012
- Author: martwegman
Cecil B. De Mille
http://wn.com/The_Ten_Commandments_1923
Voice of the Nightingale - Wladyslaw Starewicz (1923) Part 2/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Published: 17 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 04 Dec 2011
- Author: MissBillieDove
This is a colorized silent short film by Starewicz, the famous master of stop-motion animation. Produced in France by Pathé, it was originally called La voix du rossignol. IMDb summary: A fairy-tale-like telling of why the nightingale only sings at night. A young girl who has caught a nightingale dreams about the nightingale and its mate, and comes to realize that birds are not made to be captive but free. In return for its freedom, the nightingale loans the child its voice for use in the daytime, which is why nightingales only sing at night. IMDb link: www.imdb.com
http://wn.com/Voice_of_the_Nightingale__Wladyslaw_Starewicz_1923_Part_2/2
Mabel's Dream -- King Oliver's Jazz Band 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Published: 09 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 30 Dec 2011
- Author: erwigaudio
Mabel's Dream -- King Oliver's Jazz Band 1923 This a track from the famous Oliver/Armstrong recordings. The band plays Mabel's Dream. A famous movie star in those years was Mabel Normand. Could this composition and it's name have had anything to do with her popularity? Maybe, or maybe not. Who is there still to ask? WHO WAS MABEL NORMAND? Mabel Normand was known as the female Chaplin and the undisputed queen of comedy. It was Mabel who is credited with throwing the first custard pie as a gag on screen. She helped get Charlie Chaplin his start in movies, even directing him in his first films. She ranked with Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Harold Lloyd. It might be said that Charlie was a male Mabel. Mabel told people that she was born on November 10, 1893, in New Brighton, Staten Island, New York. Mabel was a natural athlete and a breathtaking beauty. At the time of her death in February 1930 she left behind a world full of broken hearts that mourned her carefree innocence and brilliant comic style. Sadly, the screen has never again seen the likes of darling, dainty, dashing Mabel with the curly locks. Always happy and gay; that's her way! Of all the comediennes of the silent film era, none was more talented and touching, more original and funny than Mabel Normand. As well as being one of early film comedy's most notable stars, she was also one of its most innovative and creative pioneers.
http://wn.com/Mabel's_Dream_-_King_Oliver's_Jazz_Band_1923
Riverside Blues -- King Oliver 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Published: 28 Feb 2008
- Uploaded: 21 Jan 2012
- Author: erwigfilms
Riverside Blues -- King Oliver 1923 It is generally accepted among jazz connoiseurs that Joe "King" Oliver's Creole Jazz Band was the finest Black jazz band ever to make public appearances. With relatively few changes in personnel, it functioned brilliantly and very succesfully at the Royal Gardens in Chicago for about 6 years between 1918 and 1934. All their recordings were made in 1923. We listen here to the "Riverside Blues" recorded on October 26, 1923 on the Okeh label and this of course is a collecors item Next to King Oliver on cornet, we also hear Louis Armstrong cornet, Johnny Dodds clarinet, Honore Dutray trombone, Lil Hardin piano, Johnny St. Cyr banjo and Baby Dodds drums. It is generally accepted among jazz connoiseurs that Joe "King" Oliver's Creole Jazz Band was the finest Negro jazz band ever to make public appearances. With relatively few changes in personnel, it functioned brilliantly and very succesfully at the Royal Gardens in Chicago for about 6 years between 1918 and 1934. All their recordings were made in 1923. We listen here to the "Riverside Blues" recorded on October 26, 1923 on the Okeh label and this of course is a collecors item Next to King Oliver on cornet, we also hear Louis Armstrong cornet, Johnny Dodds clarinet, Honore Dutray trombone, Lil Hardin piano, Johnny St. Cyr banjo and Baby Dodds drums. I have enjoyed, listened and learned very much from this recording already . I have played the tune in many different bands since my early days <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Riverside_Blues_-_King_Oliver_1923
Nazimova's Salome (1923)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Published: 08 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 04 Jan 2012
- Author: megchristie1
My personal cut of Alla Nazimova's "Salome". Directed by Charles Bryant.
http://wn.com/Nazimova's_Salome_1923
Felix the Cat - Felix Revolts - 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:16
- Published: 17 Jul 2007
- Uploaded: 11 Jan 2012
- Author: DrTravisto
He Revolts!
http://wn.com/Felix_the_Cat__Felix_Revolts__1923
![The Ten Commandments (Cecil B Demille, 1923) [1/5]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120222182900im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/HYlz45iTpAg/0.jpg "The Ten Commandments (Cecil B Demille, 1923) [1/5]")
The Ten Commandments (Cecil B Demille, 1923) [1/5]
http://wn.com/The_Ten_Commandments_Cecil_B_Demille,_1923_ 1/5
Felix the Cat in Hollywood (1923)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:59
- Published: 11 Aug 2006
- Uploaded: 26 Jan 2012
- Author: AnimationStation
Pat Sullivan Cartoons, MJ Winkler Productions. Creative Commons license: Public Domain. For more great vintage animation check out www.animationstation.info and subscribe to our podcast.
http://wn.com/Felix_the_Cat_in_Hollywood_1923
A Few Moments with Eddie Cantor (1923)
Filmed at the Rivoli Theatre in 1923 using Lee DeForest's sound on film Phonofilm process. Features the songs "The Dumber They Are, the Better They Make Love," and "Oh, Gee, Georgie". Cantor was born Isadore Itzkowitz in 1892 (date disputed). He was a contemporary of the Marx Brothers.
http://wn.com/A_Few_Moments_with_Eddie_Cantor_1923
Rudolph Valentino Sings Two Songs (1923)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:12
- Published: 17 Jan 2009
- Uploaded: 23 Jan 2012
- Author: transformingArt
I was really surprised to know that nobody uploaded this recording (except heavily filtered or cropped versions), so I'm going to fix this right now. One of the Biggest Star in the history of Cinema, Rudolph Valentino (1895.5.6 ~ 1926.8.23), sings "Kashmir Love Song" and "El Relicario" for Brunswick in 1923. This is the only surviving recording of Valentino's voice. Although there were some of private recordings of his voice in Polar Negri's record collection, the master recordings and test pressings were destroyed during the WW2. But since his voice wasn't nice as much as his appearance, (Plus, his English/Spanish pronounciation was really horrible in these recordings), Brunswick didn't published this recording. It was privately issued after Valentino's death in 1926. Since I DON'T have the original 78rpm disc,(You can download these recordings in Archive.org) I decided to make a slideshow video, consisted of photographs of Valentino which I have scanned (in the highest quality) from the original photograph prints. Hope you'll like this.
http://wn.com/Rudolph_Valentino_Sings_Two_Songs_1923
Hyperinflation in Germany, 1923
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Published: 11 May 2009
- Uploaded: 25 Nov 2011
- Author: russeltarr
A short clip outlining the economic consequences of the Ruhr Invasion of 1923, and Stresemann's initial actions to combat them
http://wn.com/Hyperinflation_in_Germany,_1923
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Wikipedia
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Creative Commons![Emlen Physick house, Cape May, NJ (1879), now Mid-Atlantic Center for the Arts (MAC). French Street Station, Wilmington, DE (1908). [edit] Philadelphia buildings Northern Savings Fund Society Building, 1871-72.[10] Thomas Hockley house, 1875. Parish House, St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia, c. 1875. Gatehouses, Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, 1875-76.[11] Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1876. Centennial National Bank, 1876 (now Paul Peck Alumni Center, Drexel University). Kensington Nation](http://web.archive.org./web/20120222182900im_/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/b2/a0/7e93b94d0313e4cbb9e356b9911c_small.jpg "Emlen Physick house, Cape May, NJ (1879), now Mid-Atlantic Center for the Arts (MAC). French Street Station, Wilmington, DE (1908). [edit] Philadelphia buildings Northern Savings Fund Society Building, 1871-72.[10] Thomas Hockley house, 1875. Parish House, St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia, c. 1875. Gatehouses, Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, 1875-76.[11] Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1876. Centennial National Bank, 1876 (now Paul Peck Alumni Center, Drexel University). Kensington Nation")
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Creative Commons![The The pits at dawn, 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 24 Heures du Mans) is the world's oldest sports car race in endurance racing,[1] held annually since 1923 near the town of Le Mans, France.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120222182900im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/08/c3/5983de76bd2c0de4c5de7c1122d6_small.jpg "The The pits at dawn, 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 24 Heures du Mans) is the world's oldest sports car race in endurance racing,[1] held annually since 1923 near the town of Le Mans, France.")
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![Emlen Physick house, Cape May, NJ (1879), now Mid-Atlantic Center for the Arts (MAC). French Street Station, Wilmington, DE (1908). [edit] Philadelphia buildings Northern Savings Fund Society Building, 1871-72.[10] Thomas Hockley house, 1875. Parish House, St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia, c. 1875. Gatehouses, Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, 1875-76.[11] Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1876. Centennial National Bank, 1876 (now Paul Peck Alumni Center, Drexel University). Kensington Nation](http://web.archive.org./web/20120222182900/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/b2/a0/7e93b94d0313e4cbb9e356b9911c_medium.jpg "Emlen Physick house, Cape May, NJ (1879), now Mid-Atlantic Center for the Arts (MAC). French Street Station, Wilmington, DE (1908). [edit] Philadelphia buildings Northern Savings Fund Society Building, 1871-72.[10] Thomas Hockley house, 1875. Parish House, St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia, c. 1875. Gatehouses, Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, 1875-76.[11] Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1876. Centennial National Bank, 1876 (now Paul Peck Alumni Center, Drexel University). Kensington Nation")
![The The pits at dawn, 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 24 Heures du Mans) is the world's oldest sports car race in endurance racing,[1] held annually since 1923 near the town of Le Mans, France.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120222182900/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/08/c3/5983de76bd2c0de4c5de7c1122d6_medium.jpg "The The pits at dawn, 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 24 Heures du Mans) is the world's oldest sports car race in endurance racing,[1] held annually since 1923 near the town of Le Mans, France.")
photo: WN / Arturo Ubaub
17 Feb 2012
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Sara Spurlark, 1923-2012
21 Feb 2012
Chicago Tribune
Sara Spurlark influenced thousands of students as a Chicago Public Schools teacher and administrator before joining the University of Chicago to help launch what is now the school's Urban Education Institute. Her own education began in segregated schools in North Carolina and Tennessee, but she was...(size: 4.1Kb)
The New York Times
Historic Headlines Learn about key events in history and their connections to today.Go to related On This Day page »Go to related post from our partner, findingDulcinea »See all Historic Headlines » On Feb. 16, 1923, the burial chamber of King Tutankhamen’s recently unearthed tomb was unsealed...(size: 16.5Kb)
The Examiner
Tourism has long been a staple of our Ozarks cultural heritage. It was interesting to read the article: Tourist Camp, published by the Springfield Chamber of Commerce in The Springfieldian in September 1923. Springfield's free Touirst Camp Grounds, located in Long's Park, in the heart of the city,...(size: 6.9Kb)
1923-2012 - A poet’s moorings
06 Feb 2012
The Hindu
Variedly described as the ‘Greta Garbo', ‘Mozart' and ‘Beethoven' of poetry, Wislawa Szymborska is considered to be the most famous Polish poet of our times. Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1996, she had lung cancer and passed away in her sleep this Wednesday in Krakow...(size: 4.3Kb)
William Thompson Bacon Jr., 1923-2011
31 Jan 2012
Chicago Tribune
William Thompson Bacon Jr. was a longtime investment banker at Bacon-Whipple & Co., a firm his...(size: 0.7Kb)
Newstrack India
London, Jan 2 (ANI): After rusting away in the garbage for decades, the 1923 Silver Ghost Rolls Royce used by Sir Winston Churchill has been restored to its former glory and is now estimated to be worth a whopping 250,000 pounds. The vintage motor is said to have...(size: 1.8Kb)
Maynard Wishner, 1923-2011
22 Dec 2011
Chicago Tribune
Maynard Wishner was an attorney who held leadership roles in many prominent Jewish...(size: 0.6Kb)
__NOTOC__
Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
January 1
* Grouping Act: All British railway companies are grouped into 4 larger companies.
* Rosewood Massacre begins
January 7 – Rosewood Massacre ends
January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments.
January 17 – Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.
January 18 – Elon College's campus is destroyed by a fire.
Hyperinflation in Germany means that 17,000 marks are now needed to buy an American dollar - well over double the amount needed at the end of the previous year.
February 8 – Billy Hughes resigns as Prime Minister of Australia, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party. Hughes is succeeded by his Treasurer, Stanley Bruce.
February 23 – Albert Einstein visits Barcelona, Spain, at the invitation of scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa.
March – ''Antigone'' by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage (settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel). Antonin Artaud plays the part of Tiresias.
March 1
* The ''USS Connecticut'' is decommissioned.
* Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar.
March 2 – ''Time'' Magazine hits newsstands for the first time.
March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers his third stroke, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
March 22 Hockey Night in Canada is first broadcast on the Toronto Star's private station CFCA, making the first hockey broadcast ever.
March 28 – ''Regia Aeronautica'', the air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April 6 – The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Malaysia.
April 12 – The ''Kandersteg International Scout Centre'' comes into existence.
April 18 – Yankee Stadium opens its doors in the Bronx, NY
April 26 – The Prince Albert, Duke of York (later George VI, King of the United Kingdom) marries Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) in Westminster Abbey.
April 29 – The Gdynia seaport is inaugurated.
May 1 – Rahula College was established with the name of "Parakramabhahu Vidyalaya".
May 9
Southeastern Michigan receives a record of snow after temperatures plummeted from 62 to 34 degrees between 1 and 6 pm on the previous day.
* The premiere of Bertolt Brecht's play ''In the Jungle (Im Dickicht)'' at the Residenztheater in Munich is interrupted by Nazi demonstrators.
May 23 – Belgium's ''SABENA'' Airlines is created.
May 24 – The Irish Civil War ends.
May 27 – The Ku Klux Klan defies a law requiring publication of its members.
June 9 – A military coup in Bulgaria ousts prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski (he is killed June 14).
June 13 – China President Li abandons his residence because a warlord has commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off its water and electric supplies, in order to force him to abandon his post.
June 16 – The storming of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War.
June 18 – Mount Etna erupts in Italy, making 60,000 homeless.
June 25 – Rapid Bucureşti is formed on the initiative of the Griviţa railroad workers (first named CFR Bucureşti).
July 10 – Large hailstones kill 23 in Rostov, Soviet Union.
July 19 – July 20 – Pancho Villa is assassinated at Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua.
July 24 – The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.
Hyperinflation in Germany has seen the number of marks needed to purchase a single American dollar reach 353,000 - more than 200 times the amount needed at the start of the year.
August 2 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States, (1921 – 1923) dies in office and is succeeded by Calvin Coolidge (1923–1929).
August 13
* The first major seagoing ship arrives at Gdynia, the newly constructed Polish seaport.
* Gustav Stresemann is named Chancellor of Germany and founds a coalition government for the Weimar Republic, where hyperinflation means that more than 4,600,000 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar.
August 30 – Hurricane season began, with a tropical storm northeast of Turks and Caicos.
September 1 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people, but according to a Japanese construction research center report in 2005, 105,000 are confirmed dead.
September 4 – In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS ''Shenandoah'', takes to the sky for the first time.
September 6 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests and they leave on September 29.
September 7 – International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) created.
September 8 – Honda Point Disaster: Seven U.S. Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
September 9 – Turkish head of state Atatürk founds the CHP.
September 10 – Ireland joins the League of Nations.
September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are banned for 10 years.
September 17 – A major fire in Berkeley, California erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
September 18 – September 26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York.
September 24 – Second hurricane of the season, a major hurricane north of Hispaniola.
September 26 – In Bavaria, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.
September 30 – Outside of Berlin, Major Ernst von Buchrucker, the leader of the Black Reichswehr attempts a ''putsch'' by seizing several forts.
October 2 – After two days of siege, Major Buckrucker and his men surrender.
October 6 – The great powers of World War I withdraw from Istanbul.
October 13
* Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
* The third hurricane of the season, the first recorded example of a storm crossing from the Eastern Pacific basin into the Atlantic basin, occurred in Oaxaca.
October 14 – Fourth tropical storm of the year, formed just north of Panama.
October 15 – Fifth tropical storm of the year, formed north of the Leeward Islands.
October 16
* The sixth tropical storm developed in the Gulf of Mexico. It was a rare occurrence, it consisted of four active tropical storms simultaneously.
* Roy and Walt Disney founded The Walt Disney Company.
October 23 – In Germany, the Communists attempt a ''putsch'' in Hamburg. Street fighting in Hamburg for the next two days.
October 25 – The ''putsch'' in Hamburg ends in failure.
October 26 – In Persia, Reza Khan became Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
October 27 – In Germany, General Hans von Seeckt orders the ''Reichswehr'' to dissolve the Social Democratic-Communist government of Saxony, which was refusing to accept the authority of the ''Reich'' government.
October 29
*Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. Kemal Atatürk is elected as the president.
* After two days of fighting, the ''Reichswehr'' take control of Saxony.
October 30 – İsmet İnönü is appointed as the first prime minister of Turkey.
November 1 – The Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
November 15 – The hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 trillion on the short scale). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency (see inflation in the Weimar Republic).
November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
December 12 – In Italy, the Po River dam bursts, killing 600.
December 20 – BEGGARS Fraternity (the first social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded by 9 men, who secured permission to do so from the Pope.
December 27 – The crown prince of Japan survives an assassination attempt in Tokyo.
At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police (Interpol) is set up.
The Hoda Cha'arawi Association (formerly The Egyptian Feminist Union) is established in Egypt.
Police strike in Australia.
The American Law Institute is established.
The Moderation League of New York becomes part of the movement for the repeal of prohibition in the United States.
Marcel Duchamp's artwork ''The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even'' (''La mariée mise à nu par ses célibataires, même'' or ''The Large Glass'') is completed in the United States.
Rainbow Trout is introduced into the upper Firehole River in Yellowstone National Park
Vladimir Zworykin files the first patent for colour television.
Struggling for a foothold in southern China, Sun Yatsen decides to ally his Nationalist party or Guomindang (Kuomintang) with the Communist Third International and Chinese Communist Party.
January 1
* Vulo Radev, Bulgarian film director (d. 2001)
* Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d. 1944)
January 5 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
January 6 – Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
January 7 – Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
January 8
* Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
* Larry Storch, American actor
January 11 – Ernst Nolte, German historian.
January 16 – Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
January 19 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (''All In The Family'')
January 22 – Diana Douglas, American actress
January 23
* Cot Deal, American major league baseball player and coach
* Stephanie Kwolek, inventor of ''Kevlar'' fibers
January 25 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
January 26 – Anne Jeffreys, American actress
January 29 – Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)
February 2
* James Dickey, American poet and author (''Deliverance'') (d. 1997)
* Liz Smith, American gossip columnist
February 3 – Edith Barney, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
February 4 – Conrad Bain, Canadian-born actor
February 7 – George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood and first grandchild of King George V (d. 2011)
February 9 – Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
February 10 – Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer (d. 2010)
February 12 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
February 13
* Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)
* Chuck Yeager, American test pilot and ''NASA'' official
February 17 – Jun Fukuda, Japanese film director (d. 2000)
February 20 – Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)
February 23 – Mary Francis Shura, American writer (d. 1991)
February 24 – David Soyer, American cellist (d. 2010)
February 27 – Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)
February 28
* Charles Durning, American actor
* Jean Carson, American actress (d. 2005)
March 4 – Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
March 6 – Ed McMahon, American television personality (''The Tonight Show'') (d. 2009)
March 7 – Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
March 8 – Louk Hulsman, Dutch criminologist (d. 2009)
March 9 – Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
March 12
* Wally Schirra, American astronaut (d. 2007)
* Hjalmar Andersen, Norwegian speed-skater
March 14 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
March 21
* Merle Keagle, American female professional baseball player (d. 1960)
* Shri Mataji Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga (d. 2011)
March 22 – Marcel Marceau, world renowned French mime (d. 2007)
March 24 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (d. 1986)
March 25 – Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
March 26 – Bob Elliott, American comedian
March 27 – Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
March 28 – Thad Jones, American jazz musician (d. 1986)
March 30 – Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)
April 2
* G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician
* Alice Haylett, professional baseball player (d. 2004)
April 4 – Peter Vaughan, English actor
April 6 – Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d. 1988)
April 8
* George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d. 2003)
* Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (''The Ghost and Mrs. Muir'') (d. 1997)
April 13 – Don Adams, American actor and comedian (''Get Smart'') (d. 2005)
April 20
* Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
* Irene Lieblich, Polish-born painter (d. 2008)
April 22
* Bettie Page, American model (d. 2008)
* Aaron Spelling, American television producer and writer (d. 2006)
April 23 – Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas (d. 2010)
April 25 – Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)
April 30
* Al Lewis, American actor (''The Munsters'') (d. 2006)
* Francis Tucker, South African Rally Driver (d. 2008)
May 1 – Joseph Heller, American novelist (''Catch-22'') (d. 1999)
May 2 – Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (d. 2008)
May 3 – Ralph Hall, American politician
May 4
* Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d. 1986)
* Eric Sykes, English actor
May 5 – Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d. 2003)
May 7 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan from June 1993 to October 2003 (d. 2003)
May 11 – Louise Arnold, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
May 15
* John Lanchbery, English composer (d. 2003)
* Doris Dowling, American actress (d. 2004)
May 16 – Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
May 18 – Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
May 21
* Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d. 2003)
* Dorothy Hewett, Australian writer (d. 2002)
* Ara Parseghian, American football coach
May 23 – Kalidas Shrestha, Nepalese artist
May 26
* James Arness, American actor (d. 2011)
* Roy Dotrice, British actor
May 27 – Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
May 28
* György Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d. 2006)
* Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Indian (Telugu) film actor (d. 1996)
May 31 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
June 4 – Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
June 10 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
June 15 – Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
June 20 – Bjørn Watt-Boolsen, Danish actor (d. 1998)
June 24 – Jack Carter, American comedian
June 25 – Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994)
June 27 – Gus Zernial, American baseball player and sports commentator
June 28 – Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (d. 1980)
July 2 – Wislawa Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
July 4 – Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
July 6 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish Communist politician, Prime Minister and President of Poland
July 8 – Harrison Dillard, American athlete
July 18 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
July 20 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
July 21 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
July 22
* Bob Dole, American politician and Presidential candidate
* Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)
* The Fabulous Moolah, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
July 23
* Witto Aloma, Cuban Major League Baseball player (d. 1997)
* Norma Zimmer, American singer (''The Lawrence Welk Show'')
* Estelle Getty, American actress (''The Golden Girls'') (d. 2008)
July 28 – H.S.S. Lawrence, Indian educator
July 29 – Jim Marshall, founder of Marshall Amplification
August 2 – Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel, President of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
August 3
* Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope of Coptic Christianity
* Jean Hagen, American actress (d. 1977)
August 5 – Devan Nair, third President of Singapore (d. 2005)
August 16 – Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright
August 20 – Jim Reeves, American country singer (d. 1964)
August 21 – Larry Grayson, British comedian and game show host (d. 1995)
August 23 – Henry F. Warner,was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.
August 24 – Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist
August 26 – Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist
August 29
* Marmaduke Hussey, Baron Hussey of North Bradley, chairman of the BBC (d. 2006)
* Richard Attenborough, English actor
September 1
* Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
* Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (d. 2006)
September 3 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist (''Beetle Bailey'')
September 6 – King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
September 7 – Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress (d. 1977)
September 9 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
September 17 – Hank Williams, American country musician (d. 1953)
September 18 – Queen Anne of Romania
September 20 – Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
September 22 – Dannie Abse, Welsh poet
September 26 – Dev Anand, Indian actor
October 3 – Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor (''The Ten Commandments'') (d. 2008)
October 5
* Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d. 1994)
* Glynis Johns, British actress
October 10 – Murray Walker, British motor racing commenator
October 13 – Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player (d. 2006)
October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)
October 17 – Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d. 2001)
October 23
* Frank Sutton, American actor (d. 1974)
* Sir Robin Day, British political broadcaster (d. 2000)
October 24 – Denise Levertov, British-born American poet (d. 1997)
October 25 – J. Esmonde Barry, Canadian healthcare activist and political commentator (d. 2007)
November 1
* Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (d. 2005)
* Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian author (d. 2001)
November 2 – Cesare Rubini, Italian basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
November 3 – Tomás Ó Fiaich, Northern Irish cardinal (d. 1990)
November 5 – Kay Lionikas, Greek-American female professional baseball player (d. 1978)
November 8 – Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)
November 13 – Linda Christian, Mexican film actress (d. 2011)
November 17 – Aristides Maria Pereira, President of Cape Verde
November 18 – Alan Shepard, first American astronaut (d. 1998)
November 20 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate
November 22 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
November 23 – Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986)
November 25 – Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland
November 26 – Pat Phoenix, British actress (d. 1986)
December 2 – Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
December 3
*Dede Allen, American film editor ("Bonnie and Clyde") (d. 2010)
*Moyra Fraser, British actress (d. 2009)
*Abe Pollin, American sports owner (d. 2009)
December 5 – Eleanor Dapkus, American female professional baseball player
December 12 – Bob Barker, American game show host (''The Price Is Right'')
December 13
* Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
* Larry Doby, baseball player (d. 2003)
* Antoni Tàpies, Catalan painter
December 14
* Gerard Reve, Dutch writer (d. 2006)
* Sully Boyar, American actor (d. 2001)
December 15 – Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
December 17 – Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian (d. 2006)
December 23 – James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral and vice presidential candidate (d. 2005)
December 24 – George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004)
December 25
* Sonia Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d. 1944)
* Swami Satyananda Saraswati, Founder of Satyananda Yoga and Bihar Yoga
December 27 – Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana Bantustan
Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith, English/Canadian geologist and glaciologist
January 3 – Jaroslav Hasek, Czech writer (b. 1883)
January 9
* Katherine Mansfield, British novelist (b. 1888)
* Edith Thompson, British murderer (hanged) (b. 1893)
January 11 – Constantine I of Greece, King of Greece (b. 1868)
January 18 – Wallace Reid, American actor (b. 1891)
January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
January 31 – Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)
February 3 – Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1844)
February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
February 23 – Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b. 1852)
March 8 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
March 26 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
March 27 – Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)
March 28 – Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
April 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
April 5 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
April 23 – Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1838)
June 9 – Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)
June 10 – Pierre Loti, French writer and naval officer (b. 1850)
June 24 – Edith Södergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)
July 10 – Albert Chevalier, English music hall comedian (b. 1861)
July 23 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
August 2 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
August 24 – Kato Tomosaburo, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
September 9 – Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
September 23 – John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn, British politician and editor (b. 1838)
October 30 – Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
November 9 (among those killed in Munich Beer Hall Putsch):
* Oskar Körner, businessman (b. 1875)
* Karl Laforce, student (b. 1904)
* Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, diplomat and revolutionary (b. 1884)
November 14 – Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
November 19 – Lee Stack, British army officer and Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (b. 1899)
November 30 – Martha Mansfield, American actress (b. 1899)
December 12 – Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
December 13 – Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
December 22 – Georg Luger, German firearms designer (b. 1849)
December 27 – Gustave Eiffel, French engineer and architect (Eiffel tower) (b. 1832)
Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (b. 1867)
Dorila Antommarchi, Colombian poet (b. 1850s)
Physics – Robert Andrews Millikan
Chemistry – Fritz Pregl
Physiology or Medicine – Frederick Grant Banting, John James Rickard Macleod
Literature – William Butler Yeats
Peace – Not awarded
Events
January
Undated
February
March
April
May
June
July
Undated
August
September
October
November
December
Undated
Hyperinflation has pushed the cost of an American dollar in Germany to 4,200,000,000 marks.
Date unknown
Births
January–February
March–April
May–June
July–August
September–October
November–December
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
July–December
Date unknown
Nobel Prizes
References
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| consort | yes |
|---|---|
| name | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon |
| imgw | 200 |
| succession | Queen consort of the United Kingdomand the British Dominions;Empress consort of India |
| reign | 11 December 1936 –6 February 1952 |
| coronation | 12 May 1937 |
| spouse | George VI |
| issue | Elizabeth IIPrincess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon |
| full name | Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon|groupN}} |
Born into a family of Scottish nobility as The Honourable Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, she became Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon when her father inherited the Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne in 1904. She came to prominence in 1923 when she married Albert, Duke of York, the second son of King George V and Queen Mary. As Duchess of York, she – along with her husband and their two daughters Elizabeth and Margaret – embodied traditional ideas of family and public service. She undertook a variety of public engagements, and became known as the "Smiling Duchess" because of her consistent public expression.
In 1936, her husband unexpectedly became King when her brother-in-law, Edward VIII, abdicated in order to marry the American divorcée Wallis Simpson. As Queen consort, Elizabeth accompanied her husband on diplomatic tours to France and the United States in the run-up to World War II. During the war, her seemingly indomitable spirit provided moral support to the British public. In recognition of her role as an asset to British morale, Adolf Hitler described her as "the most dangerous woman in Europe". After the war, her husband's health deteriorated and she was widowed at the age of 51.
On the death of her mother-in-law Queen Mary in 1953, with her brother-in-law living abroad and her elder daughter Queen at the age of 25, Elizabeth became the senior member of the royal family and assumed a position as family matriarch. In her later years, she was a consistently popular member of the family, when other members were suffering from low levels of public approval. She continued an active public life until just a few months before her death at the age of 101, seven weeks after the death of her younger daughter, Princess Margaret.
Early life
Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was the youngest daughter and the ninth of ten children of Claude George Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis, (later 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne), and his wife, Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck. Her mother was descended from British Prime Minister William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, and Governor-General of India Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, who was the elder brother of another Prime Minister, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.The location of her birth remains uncertain, but reputedly she was born either in her parents' Westminster home at Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, or in a horse-drawn ambulance on the way to a hospital. Other possible locations include Forbes House in Ham, London, the home of her maternal grandmother, Mrs Scott. Her birth was registered at Hitchin, Hertfordshire, near the Strathmores' country house, St Paul's Walden Bury, which was also given as her birthplace in the census the following year. She was christened there on 23 September 1900, in the local parish church, All Saints, and her godparents included her paternal aunt Lady Maud Bowes-Lyon and cousin Mrs. Arthur James. In the 1911 census, she was living in Hitchin, but she was not registered as having been born there.
She spent much of her childhood at St Paul's Walden and at Glamis Castle, the Earl's ancestral home in Glamis, Angus, Scotland. She was educated at home by a governess until the age of eight, and was fond of field sports, ponies and dogs. When she started school in London, she astonished her teachers by precociously beginning an essay with two Greek words from Xenophon's ''Anabasis''. Her best subjects were literature and scripture. After returning to private education under a German Jewish governess, Käthe Kübler, she passed the Oxford Local Examination with distinction at age 13.
On her fourteenth birthday, Britain declared war on Germany. Four of her brothers served in the army. Her elder brother, Fergus, an officer in the Black Watch Regiment, was killed in action at the Battle of Loos in 1915. Another brother, Michael, was reported missing in action on 28 April 1917. Three weeks later, the family discovered he had been captured after being wounded. He remained in a prisoner of war camp for the rest of the war. Glamis was turned into a convalescent home for wounded soldiers, which Elizabeth helped to run. She was particularly instrumental in organising the rescue of the Castle's contents during a serious fire on 16 September 1916. One of the soldiers she treated wrote in her autograph book that she was to be "Hung, drawn, & quartered ... Hung in diamonds, drawn in a coach and four, and quartered in the best house in the land."
Marriage to Prince Albert
Prince Albert, Duke of York – "Bertie" to the family – was the second son of George V. He initially proposed to Elizabeth in 1921, but she turned him down, being "afraid never, never again to be free to think, speak and act as I feel I really ought to". When he declared he would marry no other, his mother, Queen Mary, visited Glamis to see for herself the girl who had stolen her son's heart. She became convinced that Elizabeth was "the one girl who could make Bertie happy", but nevertheless refused to interfere. At the same time, Elizabeth was courted by James Stuart, Albert's equerry, until he left the prince's service for a better paid job in the American oil business.
In February 1922, Elizabeth was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Albert's sister, Princess Mary, to Viscount Lascelles. The following month, Albert proposed again, but she refused him once more. Eventually, in January 1923, Elizabeth agreed to marry Albert, despite her misgivings about royal life. Albert's freedom in choosing Elizabeth, legally a commoner though the daughter of a peer, was considered a gesture in favour of political modernisation; previously, princes were expected to marry princesses from other royal families. They married on 26 April 1923, at Westminster Abbey. Unexpectedly, Elizabeth laid her bouquet at the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior on her way into the Abbey; a gesture which every royal bride since has copied, though subsequent brides have chosen to do this on the way back from the altar rather than to it. She became styled ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess of York''. Following a wedding breakfast at Buckingham Palace prepared by chef Gabriel Tschumi, they honeymooned at Polesden Lacey, a manor house in Surrey, and then went to Scotland, where she caught "unromantic" whooping cough.
Duchess of York
After a successful visit to Northern Ireland in July 1924, the Labour government agreed that Albert and Elizabeth could tour East Africa from December 1924 to April 1925. The Labour government was defeated by the Conservatives in a general election in November (which Elizabeth described as "marvellous" to her mother) and the Governor-General of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Sir Lee Stack, was assassinated three weeks later. Despite this, the tour went ahead, and they visited Aden, Kenya, Uganda, and Sudan, but Egypt was avoided because of political tensions.Albert had a stammer, which affected his ability to deliver speeches, and after October 1925, Elizabeth assisted in helping him through the therapy devised by Lionel Logue, an episode portrayed in the 2010 film ''The King's Speech''. In 1926, the couple had their first child, Princess Elizabeth – "Lilibet" to the family – who would later become Queen Elizabeth II. Another daughter, Margaret Rose, was born four years later. Albert and Elizabeth, without their child, travelled to Australia to open Parliament House in Canberra in 1927. She was, in her own words, "very miserable at leaving the baby". Their journey by sea took them via Jamaica, the Panama Canal and the Pacific; Elizabeth fretted constantly over her baby back in Britain, but their journey was a public relations success. She charmed the public in Fiji when shaking hands with a long line of official guests, as a stray dog walked in on the ceremony and she shook its paw as well. In New Zealand she fell ill with a cold, and missed some engagements, but enjoyed the local fishing. On the return journey, via Mauritius, the Suez Canal, Malta and Gibraltar, their transport, HMS ''Renown'', caught fire and they prepared to abandon ship before the fire was brought under control.
Accession and abdication of Edward VIII
On 20 January 1936, King George V died and the succession passed to Albert's brother, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, who became King Edward VIII. George had expressed reservations about his eldest child, "I pray God that my eldest son will never marry and that nothing will come between Bertie and Lilibet and the throne."As if granting his father's wish, Edward forced a constitutional crisis by insisting on marrying the American divorcée Mrs Wallis Simpson. Although legally Edward could have married Mrs Simpson, as king he was also head of the Church of England, which at that time did not allow the remarriage of divorced persons. Edward's ministers believed that the people would never accept Mrs. Simpson as queen and advised against the marriage. As a constitutional monarch, Edward was obliged to accept ministerial advice. Rather than abandon his plans to marry Mrs Simpson, Edward chose to abdicate in favour of Albert, who reluctantly became king in his place on 11 December 1936. Albert took the regnal name George VI. He and Elizabeth were crowned King and Queen of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions, and Emperor and Empress of India on 12 May 1937, the date already nominated for the coronation of Edward VIII. Elizabeth's crown was made of platinum and contained the Koh-i-Noor diamond. Edward and Mrs Simpson married and became the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, but while Edward was a Royal Highness, George VI decided to withhold the style from the Duchess, a decision which Elizabeth supported. Elizabeth was later quoted as referring to the Duchess as "that woman".
Queen consort
State visits and royal tour
In summer 1938, a state visit to France by the King and Queen was postponed for three weeks because of the death of the Queen's mother, Lady Strathmore. In two weeks, Norman Hartnell created an all white trousseau for the Queen, who could not wear colours as she was still in mourning. The visit was designed to bolster Anglo-French solidarity in the face of aggression from Nazi Germany. The French press praised the demeanour and charm of the royal couple during the delayed but successful visit, augmented by Hartnell's wardrobe.Nevertheless, Nazi aggression continued, and the government prepared for war. After the Munich Agreement of 1938 appeared to forestall the advent of armed conflict, the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was invited onto the balcony of Buckingham Palace with the King and Queen to receive acclamation from a crowd of well-wishers. While broadly popular among the general public, Chamberlain's policy towards Hitler was the subject of some opposition in the House of Commons, which led historian John Grigg to describe the King's behaviour in associating himself so prominently with a politician as "the most unconstitutional act by a British sovereign in the present century". However, historians have also argued that the King only ever followed ministerial advice and acted as he was constitutionally bound to do.
In June 1939, Elizabeth and her husband toured North America. The tour was designed to bolster trans-Atlantic support in the event of war, and to affirm Canada's status as a self-governing kingdom sharing with Britain the same person as monarch. The tour took them across Canada from coast to coast and back, and into the United States, where they visited the Roosevelts in the White House and at their Hudson Valley estate. According to an often-told story, during one of the earliest of the royal couple's repeated encounters with the crowds, a Second Boer War veteran asked Elizabeth, "Are you Scots or are you English?" She replied, "I am a Canadian!" Their reception by the Canadian and U.S. public was extremely enthusiastic, and largely dissipated any residual feeling that George and Elizabeth were a lesser substitute for Edward. More critically, U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt said that Elizabeth was "perfect as a Queen, gracious, informed, saying the right thing & kind but a little self-consciously regal". Elizabeth told Prime Minister Mackenzie King, "that tour made us", and she returned to Canada frequently both on official tours and privately.
World War II
During World War II, the King and Queen became symbols of the nation's determination to fight fascism. Shortly after the declaration of war, ''The Queen's Book of the Red Cross'' was conceived. Fifty authors and artists contributed to the book, which was fronted by Cecil Beaton's portrait of the Queen and was sold in aid of the Red Cross. Elizabeth publicly refused to leave London or send the children to Canada, even during the Blitz, when she was advised by the Cabinet to do so. She said, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave the King. And the King will never leave."She visited troops, hospitals, factories, and parts of Britain that were targeted by the German Luftwaffe, in particular the East End, near London's docks. Her visits initially provoked hostility. Rubbish was thrown at her and the crowds jeered, in part because she dressed in expensive clothing which served to alienate her from those suffering the privations caused by the war. She explained that if the public came to see her they would wear their best clothes, so she should reciprocate in kind; Norman Hartnell dressed her in gentle colours and never black, in order to represent "the rainbow of hope". When Buckingham Palace itself took several hits during the height of the bombing, Elizabeth was able to say, "I'm glad we've been bombed. It makes me feel I can look the East End in the face."
Though the King and Queen spent the working day at Buckingham Palace, partly for security and family reasons they stayed at night at Windsor Castle about west of central London with the Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret. The Palace had lost much of its staff to the army, and most of the rooms were shut. The windows were shattered by bomb blasts, and had to be boarded up. During the "Phoney War" the Queen was given revolver training because of fears of imminent invasion.
Because of her effect on British morale, Adolf Hitler is said to have called her "the most dangerous woman in Europe". However, prior to the war both she and her husband, like most of Parliament and the British public, had been supporters of appeasement and Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, believing after the experience of the First World War that war had to be avoided at all costs. After the resignation of Chamberlain, the King asked Winston Churchill to form a government. Although the King was initially reluctant to support Churchill, in due course both the King and Queen came to respect and admire him for what they perceived to be his courage and solidarity. At the end of the war in 1945, Churchill was invited onto the balcony in a similar gesture to that given to Chamberlain.
Post-war years
In the 1945 British general election, Churchill's Conservative party was soundly defeated by the Labour party of Clement Attlee. Elizabeth's political views were rarely disclosed, but a letter she wrote in 1947 described Attlee's "high hopes of a socialist heaven on earth" as fading and presumably describes those who voted for him as "poor people, so many half-educated and bemused. I do love them." Woodrow Wyatt thought her "much more pro Conservative" than other members of the royal family, but she later told him, "I like the dear old Labour Party." She also told the Duchess of Grafton, "I love communists". After six years in office, Attlee was defeated in the 1951 British general election and Churchill returned to power.During the 1947 royal tour of South Africa, Elizabeth's serene public behaviour was broken, exceptionally, when she rose from the royal car to strike an admirer with her umbrella because she had mistaken his enthusiasm for hostility. The 1948 royal tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed because the King was suffering from increasing ill health. In March 1949, he had a successful operation to improve the circulation in his right leg. In summer 1951, Queen Elizabeth and her daughters fulfilled the King's public engagements in his place. In September, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. After a lung resection, he appeared to recover, but the delayed trip to Australia and New Zealand was altered so that Princess Elizabeth and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, went in the King and Queen's place.
Queen Mother
Widowhood
On 6 February 1952, King George VI died peacefully in his sleep. Shortly afterward, Elizabeth began to be styled ''Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother''. This style was adopted because the normal style for the widow of a king, "Queen Elizabeth", would have been too similar to the style of her elder daughter, now Queen Elizabeth II. Popularly, she simply became the "Queen Mother" or the "Queen Mum".
She was devastated by the King's death and retired to Scotland. However, after a meeting with the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, she broke her retirement and resumed her public duties. Eventually she became just as busy as Queen Mother as she had been as Queen. In July 1953, she undertook her first overseas visit since the funeral when she laid the foundation stone of the University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland – the current University of Zimbabwe in Mount Pleasant. She returned in 1957 when she was inaugurated as the College's President, and attended other events in the region that were deliberately designed to be multi-racial. During her daughter's extensive tour of the Commonwealth over 1953–54, Elizabeth acted as a Counsellor of State and looked after her grandchildren, Charles and Anne.
The widowed queen oversaw the restoration of the remote Castle of Mey on the Caithness coast of Scotland, which she used to "get away from everything" for three weeks in August and ten days in October each year. Inspired by the amateur jockey Lord Mildmay, she developed an interest in horse racing, particularly steeplechasing, that continued for the rest of her life. She owned the winners of approximately 500 races. Her distinctive colours of blue with buff stripes were carried by horses such as Special Cargo, the winner of the 1984 Whitbread Gold Cup, and Devon Loch, which spectacularly halted just short of the winning post at the 1956 Grand National. Although (contrary to rumour) she never placed bets, she did have the racing commentaries piped direct to her London residence, Clarence House, so she could follow the races. As an art collector, she purchased works by Claude Monet, Augustus John and Peter Carl Fabergé, among others.
In February 1964, she had an emergency appendectomy, which led to the postponement of a planned tour of Australia, New Zealand and Fiji until 1966. She recuperated during a Caribbean cruise aboard the royal yacht, ''Britannia''. In December 1966, she underwent an operation to remove a tumour after she was diagnosed with colon cancer. Contrary to rumours, she did not have a colostomy. In 1982, she was rushed to hospital when a fish bone stuck in her throat, and had an operation to remove it. Being a keen angler, she calmly joked afterwards, "The salmon have got their own back." In 1984, she had a second operation for cancer, when a lump was removed from her breast, and a second gastric obstruction in 1986 cleared without the need for an operation, but she was hospitalised overnight.
In 1975, she visited Iran at the invitation of Shah Reza Pahlavi. The British ambassador and his wife, Anthony and Sheila Parsons, noted how the Iranians were bemused by her habit of speaking to everyone regardless of status or importance, and hoped the Shah's entourage would learn from the visit to pay more attention to ordinary people. Four years later, the Shah was deposed. Between 1976 and 1984, she made annual summer visits to France, which were among 22 private trips to continental Europe between 1963 and 1992.
Before the marriage of Lady Diana Spencer to her grandson Prince Charles, and after Diana's death, Queen Elizabeth – known for her personal and public charm – was by far the most popular member of the royal family. Her signature dress of large upturned hat with netting and dresses with draped panels of fabric became a distinctive personal style.
Centenarian
In her later years, the Queen Mother became known for her longevity. Her 90th birthday—4 August 1990—was celebrated by a parade on 27 June that involved many of the 300 organisations of which she was patron. In 1995, she attended events commemorating the end of the war fifty years before, and had two operations: one to remove a cataract in her left eye, and one to replace her right hip. In 1998, her left hip was replaced after it was broken when she slipped and fell during a visit to Sandringham stables. Her 100th birthday was celebrated in a number of ways: a parade that celebrated the highlights of her life included contributions from Norman Wisdom and John Mills; her image appeared on a special commemorative £20 note issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland; and she attended a lunch at the Guildhall, London, at which George Carey, the Archbishop of Canterbury, accidentally attempted to drink her glass of wine. Her quick admonition of "That's mine!" caused widespread amusement. In November 2000, she broke her collar bone in a fall that kept her recuperating at home over Christmas and the New Year.In December 2001 aged 101, the Queen Mother had a fall in which she fractured her pelvis. Even so, she insisted on standing for the National Anthem during the memorial service for her husband on 6 February the following year. Just three days later, her second daughter Princess Margaret died. On 13 February 2002, the Queen Mother fell and cut her arm at Sandringham House. Despite this fall, the Queen Mother was still determined to attend Margaret's funeral at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, two days later on Friday of that week. The Queen and the rest of the royal family were greatly concerned about the journey the Queen Mother was facing to get from Norfolk to Windsor. Nevertheless, she made the journey but insisted that she be shielded from the press, so that no photographs of her in a wheelchair could be taken.
Death
On 30 March 2002, at 3:15 pm, the Queen Mother died in her sleep at the Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park, with her surviving daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, at her bedside. She had been suffering from a cold for the last four months of her life. She was 101 years old, and at the time of her death was the longest-lived member of the royal family in British history. This record was broken on 24 July 2003, by her last surviving sister-in-law Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, who died aged 102 on 29 October 2004.Elizabeth grew camellias in every one of her gardens, and as her body was taken from the Royal Lodge, Windsor to lie in state at Westminster Hall, camellias from her own gardens were placed on top of the flag-draped coffin. More than 200,000 people over three days filed past as she lay in state in Westminster Hall at the Palace of Westminster. Members of the household cavalry and other branches of the armed forces stood guard at the four corners of the catafalque. At one point, the Queen Mother's four grandsons Prince Charles, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward and Viscount Linley mounted the guard as a mark of respect known as the Vigil of the Princes—a very high honour only bestowed once before, at King George V's lying in state.
On the day of the Queen Mother's funeral, 9 April, the Governor General of Canada issued a proclamation asking Canadians to honour on that day the memory of the late queen consort. In Australia, the Governor-General read the lesson at the memorial service for the Queen Mother, held in St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney. In London, more than a million people filled the area outside Westminster Abbey and along the route from central London to her final resting place beside her husband and younger daughter in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. At her request, after her funeral the wreath that had lain atop her coffin was placed on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior in Westminster Abbey, a gesture that echoed her wedding-day tribute.
Public perception
Despite being regarded as one of the most popular members of the royal family in recent times who helped to stabilise the popularity of the monarchy as a whole, Elizabeth was subject to various degrees of criticism during her life.Allegations that during World War II Elizabeth did not abide by the rationing regulations to which the rest of the population was subject, are contradicted by the official records; Eleanor Roosevelt during her stay at Buckingham Palace during the war reported expressly on the rationed food served in the Palace and the limited bathwater that was permitted.
Further allegations that Elizabeth used racist slurs to refer to black people were strongly denied by Major Colin Burgess. Major Burgess was the husband of Elizabeth Burgess, a mixed-race secretary who accused members of the Prince of Wales's Household of racial abuse. Queen Elizabeth made no public comments on race, but according to Robert Rhodes James in private she "abhorred racial discrimination" and decried apartheid as "dreadful". Woodrow Wyatt records in his diary that when he expressed the view that non-white countries have nothing in common with "us", she told him, "I am very keen on the Commonwealth. They're all like us." However, she did distrust Germans; she told Woodrow Wyatt, "Never trust them, never trust them." While she may have held such views, it has been argued that they were normal for British people of her generation and upbringing, who had experienced two vicious wars with Germany.
In 1987, she was criticised when it emerged that two of her nieces, Katherine Bowes-Lyon and Nerissa Bowes-Lyon, had both been committed to a psychiatric hospital because they were severely handicapped. However, Burke's Peerage had listed the sisters as dead, apparently because their mother, Fenella (the Queen Mother's sister-in-law), "was 'extremely vague' when it came to filling in forms and might not have completed the paperwork for the family entry correctly". When Nerissa had died the year before, her grave was originally marked with a plastic tag and a serial number. The Queen Mother claimed that the news of their institutionalisation came as a surprise to her.
Legacy
Sir Hugh Casson said she was like "a wave breaking on a rock, because although she is sweet and pretty and charming, she also has a basic streak of toughness and tenacity. ... when a wave breaks on a rock, it showers and sparkles with a brilliant play of foam and droplets in the sun, yet beneath is really hard, tough rock, fused, in her case, from strong principles, physical courage and a sense of duty." Peter Ustinov described her during a student demonstration at the University of Dundee in 1968, "As we arrived in a solemn procession the students pelted us with toilet rolls. They kept hold of one end, like streamers at a ball, and threw the other end. The Queen Mother stopped and picked these up as though somebody had misplaced them. [Returning them to the students she said,] 'Was this yours? Oh, could you take it?' And it was her sang-froid and her absolute refusal to be shocked by this, which immediately silenced all the students. She knows instinctively what to do on those occasions. She doesn't rise to being heckled at all; she just pretends it must be an oversight on the part of the people doing it. The way she reacted not only showed her presence of mind, but was so charming and so disarming, even to the most rabid element, that she brought peace to troubled waters."She was well-known for her dry witticisms. On hearing that Edwina Mountbatten was buried at sea, she said: "Dear Edwina, she always liked to make a splash." Accompanied by the gay writer Sir Noël Coward at a gala, she mounted a staircase lined with Guards. Noticing Coward's eyes flicker momentarily across the soldiers, she murmured to him: "I wouldn't if I were you, Noël; they count them before they put them out." After being advised by a Conservative Minister in the 1970s not to employ homosexuals, the Queen Mother observed that without them, "we'd have to go self-service". On the fate of a gift of a nebuchadnezzar of champagne (20 bottles' worth) even if her family didn't come for the holidays, she said, "I'll polish it off myself." Emine Saner of ''The Guardian'' suggests that with a gin and Dubonnet at noon, red wine with lunch, a port and martini at 6 pm and two glasses of champagne at dinner, "a conservative estimate puts the number of alcohol units she drank at 70 a week". Her extravagant lifestyle amused journalists, particularly when it was revealed she had a multi-million pound overdraft with Coutts Bank.
Her habits were often parodied (with relative affection) by the satirical 1980s television programme ''Spitting Image'' – which portrayed her with a Birmingham accent (modelled on actress Beryl Reid) and an ever-present copy of the ''Racing Post''. She was portrayed in the 2002 television film ''Bertie and Elizabeth'' by Juliet Aubrey, the 2006 film ''The Queen'' by Sylvia Syms and in the 2010 film ''The King's Speech'' by Helena Bonham Carter, who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her portrayal as the Queen Mother. The Queen Mother left her entire estate to the Queen, except for some bequests to members of her staff. Her estate was estimated to be worth £70 million, including paintings, Fabergé eggs, jewellery, and horses. Eight years before her death, she had reportedly placed two-thirds of her money into trusts, for the benefit of her great-grandchildren. The Queen Mother's most important pieces of art were transferred to the Royal Collection by the Queen.
A statue of Queen Elizabeth by sculptor Philip Jackson at the George VI Memorial, off The Mall, London, was unveiled on 24 February 2009. The Cunard White Star Line's RMS ''Queen Elizabeth'' was named after Elizabeth. She launched the ship on 27 September 1938 in Clydebank, Scotland. Supposedly, the liner started to slide into the water before Elizabeth could officially launch her, and acting sharply, the Queen managed to smash a bottle of Australian red wine over the liner's bow just before she slid out of reach. In 1954, Elizabeth sailed to New York on her namesake.
In March 2011 her eclectic musical taste was revealed when details of her small record collection kept at at the Castle of Mey were made public. She had a taste for ska music and her records included artists such as the yodelling Montana Slim, Tony Hancock, The Goons and Noël Coward. Other music included local folk, Scottish reels and the musicals ''Oklahoma!'' and ''The King and I''.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
Elizabeth held a number of different titles and styles throughout her life, as the daughter of an earl, through her husband, and eventually as consort to the sovereign of multiple states. As consort, she was commonly ''The Queen''. In conversation, the practice was to initially address her as ''Your Majesty'' and thereafter as ''Ma'am''.
Arms
The Queen Mother's coat of arms were the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (in either the English or the Scottish version) impaled with the arms of her father, the Earl of Strathmore; the latter being ''1st and 4th quarters, argent, a lion rampant Azure, armed and langued gules, within a double tressure flory-counter-flory of the second (Lyon), 2nd and 3rd quarters, ermine three bows, stringed paleways proper (Bowes).'' The shield is surmounted by the imperial crown, and supported by the crowned lion of England and a ''"lion per fess Or and Gules"''.
Ancestry
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Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
|- {{s-ttl|title=Queen consort of the United Kingdom |years=1936–1952}} |- {{s-ttl|title=Empress consort of India |years=1936–1947}} |- }}
Category:1900 births Category:2002 deaths Category:Anglo-Scots Category:Bowes-Lyon family Category:Breast cancer survivors Category:British centenarians Category:British Christians Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Category:Chancellors of the University of Dundee Category:Chancellors of the University of London Category:Colorectal cancer survivors Category:Companions of the Order of Canada Category:Companions of the Order of the Crown of India Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St John Category:Recipients of the Canadian Forces Decoration Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Ladies of the Garter Category:Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain Category:Recipients of the Canadian Forces Decoration Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of St. Sava Category:Recipients of the Order of the Supreme Sun Category:Order of the Precious Crown members Category:Légion d'honneur recipients Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Ojaswi Rajanya Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Category:Order of SS. Olga and Sophia Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sun (Peru) Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Norway) Category:Daughters of British earls Category:Duchesses of York Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Category:Ladies of the Garter Category:Ladies of the Thistle Category:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports Category:Members of the Order of New Zealand Category:Members of the Royal Red Cross Category:People from Hitchin Category:People from London Category:People illustrated on sterling banknotes Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Category:Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain Category:Royal Fellows of the Royal Society Category:Victoria Medal of Honour (Horticulture) recipients Category:Women in World War II Category:English people of Scottish descent
af:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ar:إليزابيث باوز ليون az:Yelizaveta Bouz-Layon bs:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon bg:Елизабет Боуз-Лайън ca:Elisabet Bowes-Lyon cs:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon cy:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon da:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon de:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon et:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon es:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon eo:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon fr:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ko:엘리자베스 보우스라이언 hr:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon io:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon id:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon it:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon he:אליזבת, המלכה האם la:Elisabetha Bowes-Lyon lv:Elizabete Bousa-Laiona hu:Bowes-Lyon Erzsébet brit királyné nl:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ja:エリザベス・バウエス＝ライオン no:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon pl:Elżbieta Bowes-Lyon pt:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ro:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ru:Боуз-Лайон, Елизавета simple:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother sr:Елизабет Боуз-Лајон fi:Elisabet (Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan kuningatar) sv:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon th:สมเด็จพระราชินีเอลิซาเบธ พระบรมราชชนนี tr:Ana Kraliçe, Elizabeth zh:伊麗莎白·鮑斯-萊昂
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Eddie Cantor |
|---|---|
| birth name | Edward Israel Iskowitz |
| birth date | January 31, 1892 |
| birth place | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| death date | October 10, 1964 |
| death place | Beverly Hills, California, U.S. |
| occupation | Actor, comedian, dancer, singer-songwriter |
| years active | 1907–53 |
| spouse | Ida Cantor (1914-62) 5 daughters}} |
Eddie Cantor (January 31, 1892 – October 10, 1964) was an American "illustrated song" performer, comedian, dancer, singer, actor and songwriter. Familiar to Broadway, radio, movie and early television audiences, this "Apostle of Pep" was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top-rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters. Some of his hits include "Makin' Whoopee", "Ida", "If You Knew Susie", "Ma! He's Makin' Eyes at Me", "Margie" and "How Ya Gonna Keep 'Em Down on the Farm (After They've Seen Paree?)" He also wrote a few songs, including "Merrily We Roll Along", the ''Merrie Melodies'' Warner Bros. cartoon theme.
His eye-rolling song-and-dance routines eventually led to his nickname, "Banjo Eyes". In 1933, the artist Frederick J. Garner caricatured Cantor with large round eyes resembling the drum-like pot of a banjo. Cantor's eyes became his trademark, often exaggerated in illustrations, and leading to his appearance on Broadway in the musical ''Banjo Eyes'' (1941).
His charity and humanitarian work was extensive, and he is credited with coining the phrase and helping to develop The March of Dimes.
Biography
Cantor was born Edward Israel Iskowitz in New York City, the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, Meta and Mechel Iskowitz. His mother died in childbirth one year after his birth, and his father died of pneumonia when Eddie was two, leaving him to be raised by his beloved grandmother, Esther Kantrowitz. As a child, he attended Surprise Lake Camp. A misunderstanding when signing her grandson for school gave him her last name of Kantrowitz (shortened by the clerk to Kanter). Esther died on January 29, 1917, two days before he signed a long-term contract with Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. to appear in his ''Follies''.He had adopted the first name "Eddie" when he met his future wife Ida Tobias in 1903, because she felt that "Izzy" wasn't the right name for an actor. Cantor married Ida in 1914. They (famously) had five daughters, Marjorie, Natalie, Edna, Marilyn and Janet, who provided comic fodder for Cantor's longtime running gag, especially on radio, about his five unmarriageable daughters. Several radio historians, including Gerald Nachman (''Raised on Radio''), have said that this gag did not always sit well with the girls.
He was the second president of the Screen Actors Guild, serving from 1933-1935. He invented the title "The March of Dimes" for the donation campaigns of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, which was organized to combat polio. It was a play on the ''March of Time'' newsreels popular at the time. He began the first campaign on his own radio show in January 1938, asking people to mail a dime to the nation's most famous assumed polio victim, President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Other entertainers joined in the appeal via their own shows, and the White House mail room was deluged with 2,680,000 dimes.
Following the death of daughter Marjorie at the age of 44, both Eddie's and Ida's health declined rapidly. Ida died in August 1962 of "cardiac insufficiency". On October 10, 1964 in Beverly Hills, California, Eddie Cantor suffered another heart attack and died, aged 72. He is buried in Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery. Cantor was awarded an honorary Academy Award the year of his death, for distinguished service to the film industry.
Stage
Saloon songs to vaudeville
By his early teens Cantor began winning talent contests at local theaters and started appearing on stage. One of his earliest paying jobs was doubling as a waiter and performer, singing for tips at Carey Walsh's Coney Island saloon, where a young Jimmy Durante accompanied him on piano. He made his first public appearance in Vaudeville in 1907 at New York's Clinton Music Hall. In 1912, he was the only performer over the age of 20 to appear in Gus Edwards's ''Kid Kabaret'', where he created his first blackface character, "Jefferson". He later toured with Al Lee as the team "Cantor & Lee". Critical praise from that show got the attention of Broadway's top producer, Florenz Ziegfeld, who gave Cantor a spot in the Ziegfeld rooftop post-show, ''Midnight Frolic'' (1917).
Broadway
A year later, Cantor made his Broadway debut in the ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1917''. He continued in the ''Follies'' until 1927, a period considered the best years of the long-running revue. For several years Cantor co-starred in an act with pioneer African-American comedian Bert Williams, both appearing in blackface; Cantor played Williams's fresh-talking son. Other co-stars with Cantor during his time in the ''Follies'' included Will Rogers, Marilyn Miller, Fanny Brice and W.C. Fields. He moved on to stardom in book musicals, starting with ''Kid Boots'' (1923), ''Whoopee!'' (1928) and ''Banjo Eyes'' (1941).
Radio and recordings
Radio
Cantor appeared on radio as early as February 3, 1922, as indicated by this news item from Connecticut's ''Bridgeport Telegram'': :Local radio operators listened to one of the finest programs yet produced over the radiophone last night. The program of entertainment which included some of the stars of Broadway musical comedy and vaudeville was broadcast from the Newark, N. J. station WDY and the Pittsburgh station KDKA, both of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. The Newark entertainment started at 7 o'clock: a children's half-hour of music and fairy stories; 7:[35?], Hawaiian airs and violin solo; 8:00, news of the day; and at 8:20 a radio party with nationally known comedians participating; 9:55, Arlington time signals and 10:01, a government weather report. G. E. Nothnagle, who conducts a radiophone station at his home 176 Waldemere Avenue said last night that he was delighted with the program, especially with the numbers sung by Eddie Cantor. The weather conditions are excellent for receiving, he continued, the tone and the quality of the messages was fine.Cantor's appearance with Rudy Vallee on Vallee's ''The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour'' on February 5, 1931 led to a four-week tryout with NBC's ''The Chase and Sanborn Hour''. Replacing Maurice Chevalier, who was returning to Paris, Cantor joined ''Chase and Sanborn'' on September 13, 1931. This hour-long Sunday evening variety series teamed Cantor with announcer Jimmy Wallington and violinist Dave Rubinoff. The show established Cantor as a leading comedian, and his scriptwriter, David Freedman, as “the Captain of Comedy.” Cantor soon became the world's highest-paid radio star. His shows began with a crowd chanting, "We want Can-tor, We want Can-tor," a phrase said to have originated when a vaudeville audience chanted to chase off an opening act on the bill before Cantor. Cantor's theme song was his own lyric to the Leo Robin/Richard Whiting song, "One Hour with You." His radio sidekicks included Bert Gordon, (comic Barney Gorodetsky, aka "The Mad Russian") and Harry Parke (better known as "Parkyakarkus"). Cantor also discovered and helped guide the career of singer Dinah Shore, first featuring her on his radio show in 1940, as well as other performers, including Deanna Durbin, Bobby Breen and Eddie Fisher.
Indicative of his effect on the mass audience, he agreed in November 1934 to introduce a new song by the songwriters J. Fred Coots and Haven Gillespie that other well-known artists had rejected as being "silly" and "childish." The song, "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town", immediately had orders for 100,000 copies of sheet music the next day. It sold 400,000 copies by Christmas of that year.
His NBC radio show, ''Time to Smile'', was broadcast from 1940 to 1946, followed by his ''Pabst Blue Ribbon Show'' from 1946 through 1949. He also served as emcee of ''The $64 Question'' during 1949-'50, and hosted a weekly disc jockey program for Philip Morris during the 1952-'53 season. In addition to film and radio, Cantor recorded for Hit of the Week Records, then again for Columbia, for Banner and Decca and various small labels.
His heavy political involvement began early in his career, including his participation in the strike to form Actors Equity in 1919, provoking the anger of father figure and producer, Florenz Ziegfeld. At the 1939 New York World's Fair, Cantor publicly denounced Father Charles Coughlin and was dropped by his sponsor, Camel cigarettes. A year and a half later, it was his friend Jack Benny who was able to get him back on the air.
Recordings
Cantor began making phonograph records in 1917, recording both comedy songs and routines and popular songs of the day, first for Victor, then for Aeoleon-Vocalion, Pathé and Emerson. From 1921 through 1925 he had an exclusive contract with Columbia Records, returning to Victor for the remainder of the decade.Cantor was one of the era's most successful entertainers, but the 1929 stock market crash took away his multi-millionaire status and left him deeply in debt. However, Cantor's relentless attention to his own earnings in order to avoid the poverty he knew growing up caused him to use his writing talent, quickly building a new bank account with his highly popular, bestselling books of humor and cartoons about his experience, ''Caught Short! A Saga of Wailing Wall Street'' in "1929 A.C. (After Crash)" and "Yoo Hoo Prosperity."
Cantor was also a composer, with his most famous song seldom attributed to him. Along with Charles Tobias and Murray Mencher, Cantor wrote "Merrily We Roll Along," which he recorded in the 1950s, and which was adapted as the themesong for the Merrie Melodies animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures between 1937 and 1964.
Film and television
Cantor also bounced back between movies and on radio. He had previously appeared in a number of short films (recording him performing his Follies songs and comedy routines) and two silent features (''Special Delivery'' and ''Kid Boots'') in the 1920s, and was offered the lead in The Jazz Singer when that was turned down by George Jessel (Cantor also turned it down, so it went to Al Jolson), but he became a leading Hollywood star in 1930 with the film version of ''Whoopee!'' in two-strip Technicolor. Over the next two decades, he continued making films until his last starring role in ''If You Knew Susie'' in 1948.
Filmography
Television
In the 1950s, he was one of the alternating hosts of the television show ''The Colgate Comedy Hour'', in which he would introduce variety acts and play comic characters like "Maxie the Taxi." However, the show landed Cantor in an unlikely controversy when a young Sammy Davis, Jr. appeared as a guest performer. Cantor embraced Davis and mopped Davis's brow with his handkerchief after his performance. Worried sponsors led NBC to threaten cancellation of the show; Cantor's response was to book Davis for two more weeks.On May 25, 1944, pioneer television station WPTZ (now KYW-TV) in Philadelphia presented a special telecast featuring Eddie Cantor, which was also fed to the NBC television station in New York City, WNBT (now WNBC). Cantor, one of the first major stars to agree to appear on television, was to sing "We're Havin' a Baby, My Baby and Me". Arriving shortly before airtime at the Philadelphia studios, Cantor was reportedly told to cut the song because the NBC New York censors considered some of the lyrics too risqué. Cantor refused, claiming no time to prepare an alternative number. NBC relented, but the sound was cut and the picture blurred on certain lines in the song. This is considered the first instance of television censorship.
Books and merchandising
In addition to ''Caught Short!: A Saga of Wailing Wall Street'', Cantor wrote or co-wrote at least seven other books, including booklets released by the then-fledgling firm of Simon & Schuster, with Cantor’s name on the cover. (Some were "as told to" or written with David Freedman). Customers paid a dollar and received the booklet with a penny embedded in the hardcover. They sold well, and H. L. Mencken asserted that these books did more to pull America out of the Great Depression than all government measures combined.
Bibliography
Cantor's popularity led to merchandising of such products as ''Eddie Cantor's Tell It to the Judge'' game from Parker Brothers. In 1933, a set of 12 Eddie Cantor caricatures by Frederick J. Garner were published by Brown & Bigelow. These advertising cards were purchased in bulk as a direct-mail item by such businesses as auto body shops, funeral directors, dental laboratories and vegetable wholesale dealers. With the full set, companies could mail a single Cantor card each month for a year to their selected special customers as an ongoing promotion.
Cantor was often caricatured on the covers of sheet music and in magazines and newspapers. He was occasionally a character in Warner Bros. animated cartoons, including ''Billboard Frolics'' and ''What's Up Doc?'' Cantor was depicted as a balloon in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, one of the very few balloons based on a real person.
Also at the very end of all his shows on The Colgate Comedy Hour he would walk down a spot light lit path saying ( Good Night Mrs Callabash where ever you are .
Tributes
Cantor was profiled on the program ''This Is Your Life'', in which an unsuspecting person (usually a celebrity) would be surprised on live television by host Ralph Edwards, with a half-hour tribute. Cantor was the only subject who was told of the surprise in advance; he was recovering from a heart attack and it was felt that the shock might harm him.
On October 29, 1995, as part of a nationwide celebration of the 75th anniversary of radio, he was posthumously inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame at Chicago's Museum of Broadcasting Communication.
In 1953 Warner Bros., in an attempt to duplicate the box-office success of ''The Jolson Story'', filmed a big-budget Technicolor feature film, ''The Eddie Cantor Story''. The film found an audience but might have done better with someone else in the leading role. Actor Keefe Brasselle played Cantor as a caricature with high-pressure dialogue and bulging eyes wide open; the fact that Brasselle was considerably taller than Cantor didn't lend realism either. Eddie and Ida Cantor were seen in a brief prologue and epilogue set in a projection room, where they are watching Brasselle in action; at the end of the film Eddie tells Ida, "I never looked better in my life"... and gives the audience a knowing, incredulous look. George Burns, in his memoir ''All My Best Friends'', claimed that Warner Bros. created a miracle producing the movie in that "it made Eddie Cantor's life boring".
Something closer to the ''real'' Eddie Cantor story is his self-produced 1944 feature ''Show Business'', a valentine to vaudeville and show folks that was RKO's top-grossing film that year. Probably the best summary of Cantor's career is in one of the ''Colgate Comedy Hour'' shows. The Colgate hour was a virtual video autobiography, with Cantor recounting his career, singing his familiar hits, and re-creating his singing-waiter days with his old pal Jimmy Durante. This show has been issued on DVD as ''Eddie Cantor in Person''.
As talented as Cantor was, he is an excellent example of the mega star who virtually vanishes with the passing of time. His biographer, Gregory Koseluk, wrote in 1995 that Eddie "is all but forgotten," (from ''Eddie Cantor: A Life in Show Business'' [Introduction]).
Eddie Cantor is a recurring character on HBO's series ''Boardwalk Empire'', where he is played by Stephen DeRosa. He appeared in three episodes of the show's first season.
Sources
Watch
Listen to
References
External links
Category:American people of Russian descent Category:1892 births Category:1964 deaths Category:1930s American radio programs Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:Blackface minstrel performers Category:American Jews Category:Jewish American musicians Category:Jewish actors Category:American singers Category:Vaudeville performers Category:RCA Victor artists Category:National Radio Hall of Fame inductees Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent Category:Jewish comedians Category:Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
da:Eddie Cantor de:Eddie Cantor es:Eddie Cantor fr:Eddie Cantor it:Eddie Cantor he:אדי קנטור ja:エディ・カンター no:Eddie Cantor pl:Eddie Cantor pt:Eddie Cantor ro:Eddie Cantor ru:Кантор, Эдди simple:Eddie Cantor sh:Eddie Cantor fi:Eddie Cantor sv:Eddie CantorThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Rudolph Valentino |
|---|---|
| birth name | Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguolla |
| birth date | May 06, 1895 |
| birth place | Castellaneta, Italy |
| death date | August 23, 1926 |
| death place | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| years active | 1914–1926 |
| occupation | Actor |
| spouse | }} |
Rudolph Valentino (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926) was an Italian actor, and early pop icon. A sex symbol of the 1920s, Valentino was known as the "Latin Lover". He starred in several well known silent films including ''The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse'', ''The Sheik'', ''Blood and Sand'', ''The Eagle'' and ''Son of the Sheik''.
His sudden death at age 31 caused mass hysteria among his female fans, propelling him into icon status. Though his films are not as well known today, his name is still widely known.
Early life
Childhood
Valentino was born Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Pierre Filibert Guglielmi di Valentina D'Antonguolla in Castellaneta, Puglia, Kingdom of Italy, to a French mother, Marie Berthe Gabrielle Barbin (1856–1919), and Giovanni Antonio Giuseppe Fedele Guglielmi, a veterinarian who died of malaria when Valentino was 11. He had an older brother, Alberto (1892–1981), a younger sister, Maria, and an older sister Beatrice who died in infancy.As a child, Valentino was reportedly spoiled and troublesome. His mother coddled him while his father disapproved of his behavior. He did poorly in school, and was eventually enrolled in agricultural school where he received a degree.
After living in Paris in 1912, he soon returned to Italy. Unable to secure employment, he departed for the United States in 1913. He was processed at Ellis Island at age 18 on December 23, 1913.
New York
Arriving in New York City, Valentino soon ran out of money and spent a period of time on the streets. He eventually supported himself with odd jobs such as busing tables in restaurants and gardening. Eventually, he found work as a taxi dancer at Maxim's. Among the other dancers at Maxim's were several displaced members of European nobility and there was a premium in demand for them.Valentino eventually befriended Chilean heiress Blanca de Saulles who was unhappily married to prominent businessman John de Saulles, with whom she had a son. Whether Blanca and Valentino actually had a romantic relationship is unknown, but when the de Saulles couple divorced, Valentino took the stand to support Blanca de Saulles' claims of infidelity on her husband's part. Following the divorce, John de Saulles reportedly used his political connections to have Valentino arrested, along with a Mrs. Thyme, a known madam, on some unspecified vice charges. The evidence was flimsy at best and after a few days in jail, Valentino's bail was lowered from $10,000 to $1,500.
The trial and subsequent scandal was well publicized, following which Valentino could not find employment. Shortly after the trial, Blanca de Saulles fatally shot her ex-husband during a custody dispute over their son. Fearful of being called in as a witness in another sensational trial, Valentino left town, joining a traveling musical that led him to the West Coast.
Film career
Early bit parts
In 1917, Rudolph Valentino joined an operetta company that traveled to Utah where it disbanded. He then joined an Al Jolson production of ''Robinson Crusoe Jr.'', travelling to Los Angeles. By fall, he was in San Francisco with a bit part in a theatrical production of ''Nobody Home''. While in town, Valentino met actor Norman Kerry, who convinced him to try a career in cinema, still in the silent film era.Valentino, with Kerry as a roommate, moved back to Los Angeles and took up residence at the Alexandria Hotel. He continued dancing, teaching dance and building up a following which included older female clientele who would let him borrow their luxury cars.
With his dancing success, Valentino found a room of his own on Sunset Boulevard and began actively seeking screen roles. His first part was as an extra in the film ''Alimony'', moving on to small parts in several films. Despite his best efforts he was typically cast as a "heavy" (villain) or gangster. At the time, the major male star was Wallace Reid, with a fair complexion, light eyes, and an All American look, with Valentino the opposite, eventually supplanting Sessue Hayakawa as Hollywood's most popular "exotic" male lead.
By 1919, he had carved out a career in bit parts. It was a bit part as a "cabaret parasite" in the drama ''Eyes of Youth'' that caught the attention of screenwriter June Mathis, who thought he would be perfect for her next movie. He also appeared as second lead in ''The Delicious Little Devil'' (1919) with star Mae Murray.
Acting
Displeased with playing "heavies", Valentino briefly entertained the idea of returning to New York permanently. He returned for a visit in 1917, staying with friends in Greenwich Village, eventually settling in Bayside, Queens. It was here he met Paul Ivano, who would help his career greatly.While traveling to Palm Springs, Florida to film ''Stolen Moments'', Valentino read the novel ''The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse'' by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. Seeking out a trade paper, he discovered that Metro had bought the film rights to the story. In New York, he sought out Metro's Office, only to find June Mathis had been trying to find him. She cast him in the role of Julio Desnoyers. For director, Mathis had chosen Rex Ingram, with whom Valentino did not get along, leading Mathis to play the role of peacekeeper between the two.
''The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse'' was released in 1921, becoming a commercial and critical success. It was one of the first films to make $1,000,000 at the box office, as well as the sixth highest grossing silent film ever.
Metro Pictures seemed unwilling to acknowledge it had made a star. Most likely due to Rex Ingram's lack of faith in him, the studio refused to give him a raise beyond the $350 a week he had made for ''Four Horsemen''. For his follow up film, they forced him into a bit part in a B film called ''Uncharted Seas''. It was on this film that Valentino met his second wife, Natacha Rambova.
Rambova, Mathis, Ivano, and Valentino began work on the Alla Nazimova film ''Camille''. Valentino was cast in the role of Armand, Nazimova's love interest. The film, mostly under the control of Rambova and Nazimova, was considered too avant garde by critics and the public.
Valentino's final film for Metro was the Mathis-penned ''The Conquering Power''. The film received critical acclaim and did well at the box office. After the film's release, Valentino made a trip to New York where he met with several French producers. Yearning for Europe, better pay, and more respect, Valentino returned and promptly quit Metro.
''The Sheik''
After quitting Metro, Valentino took up with Famous Players-Lasky, a studio known for films that were more commercially focused. Mathis soon joined him, angering both Ivano and Rambova.Jesse Lasky intended to capitalize on the star power of Valentino, and cast him in a role that would solidify his reputation as the "Latin Lover". In ''The Sheik'', Valentino played the starring role as Sheik Ahmed Ben Hassan. The film was a major success and would go on to define not only his career but his image and legacy. Valentino tried to distance the character from a stereotypical portrayal of an Arab man. Asked if Lady Diana (his love interest) would have fallen for a 'savage' in real life Valentino replied, "People are not savages because they have dark skins. The Arabian civilization is one of the oldest in the world...the Arabs are dignified and keen brained."
Famous Players produced four more feature length films over the next 15 months. His leading role in ''Moran of the Lady Letty'' was of a typical Douglas Fairbanks nature, however to capitalize on Valentino's bankability, his character was given a Spanish name and ancestry. The film received mixed reviews but was still a hit with audiences.
In November 1921, Valentino starred alongside Gloria Swanson in ''Beyond the Rocks''. The film contained lavish sets and extravagant costumes, though ''Photoplay'' magazine said the film was "a little unreal and hectic". Released in 1922, the film was a critical disappointment. Years after its release, ''Beyond the Rocks'' was thought to be lost, save for a one minute portion. In 2002, the film was discovered by the Netherlands Film Museum. The restored version was released on DVD in 2006.
In 1922, Valentino began work on another Mathis-penned film, ''Blood and Sand''. Co-starring Lila Lee and Nita Naldi, Valentino played the lead, bullfighter Juan Gallardo. Initially believing the film would be shot in Spain, Valentino was upset to learn that the studio planned on shooting on a Hollywood back lot. He was further irritated by changes in production, including a director of whom he did not approve.
After finishing the film, Valentino married Rambova, which led to a bigamy trial. The trial was a sensation and the pair was forced to have their marriage annulled and separated for a year. Despite the trial, the film was still a success, with critics calling it a masterpiece on par with ''Broken Blossoms'' and ''Four Horsemen''. ''Blood and Sand'' went on to become one of the top four grossing movies of 1922, breaking attendance records, and grossing $37,400 at the Rivoli Theatre alone. Valentino would consider this one of his best films.
During his forced break from Rambova, the pair began working (separately) on the Mathis-penned ''The Young Rajah''. Only fragments of this film, recovered in 2005, still remain. The film did not live up to expectations and underperformed at the box office. Valentino felt he had underperformed in the film, being upset over his separation with Rambova. Missing Rambova, Valentino returned to New York after the release of ''The Young Rajah''. They were spotted and followed by reporters constantly. During this time Valentino began to contemplate not returning to Famous Players, although Jesse Lasky already had his next picture, ''The Spanish Cavalier'', in preparation. After speaking with Rambova and his lawyer Arthur Butler Graham, Valentino declared a 'One man Strike' against Famous Players.
Strike against Famous Players
Valentino's reasons for striking were financially based. At the time of his lawsuit against the studio, Valentino was earning $1,250 per week, with an increase to $3,000 after three years. This was $7,000 per week less than what Mary Pickford made in 1916. He was also upset over the broken promise of filming ''Blood and Sand'' in Spain, and the failure to shoot the next proposed film in either Spain or at least New York. Valentino had hoped while filming in Europe he could see his family, whom he hadn’t seen in ten years.In September 1922, he refused to accept paychecks from Famous Players until the dispute was solved, although he owed them money he had spent to pay off Jean Acker. Angered, Famous Players in turn filed suit against him.
Valentino did not back down, and Famous Players realized how much they stood to lose. In trouble after shelving Fatty Arbuckle pictures, the studio tried to settle by upping his salary from $1,250 to $7,000 a week. Variety, erroneously, announced the salary increase as a 'new contract' before news of the lawsuit was released. Valentino refused the offer.
Valentino went on to claim that artistic control was more of an issue than the money. He wrote an open letter to Photoplay magazine, entitled "Open Letter to the American Public", where he argued his case, although the average American had trouble sympathizing, as most made $2,000 a year. Famous Players made their own public statements deeming him more trouble than he was worth (the divorce, bigamy trials, debts) and that he was temperamental, almost diva-like. They claimed to have done all they could and that they had made him a real star.
Other studios began courting him. Joseph Schenck was interested in casting his wife, Norma Talmadge, opposite Valentino in a version of ''Romeo and Juliet''. June Mathis had moved to Goldwyn Pictures where she was in charge of the ''Ben-Hur'' project, and interested in casting Valentino in the film. However, Famous Players exercised their option to extend his contract, preventing him from accepting any employment other than with the studio. By this point Valentino was around $80,000 in debt. Valentino filed an appeal, a portion of which was granted. Although he was still not allowed to work as an actor, he could accept other types of employment.
Mineralava Dance Tour
In late 1922, Valentino met George Ullman, who would soon become Valentino's manager. Ullman previously had worked with Mineralava Beauty Clay Company, and convinced them that Valentino would be perfect as a spokesman with his legions of female fans.The tour was a tremendous success with Valentino and Rambova performing in 88 cities in the United States and Canada. In addition to the tour, Valentino also sponsored Mineralava beauty products and judged Mineralava sponsored beauty contests. One beauty contest was filmed by a young David O. Selznick entitled ''Rudolph Valentino and His 88 Beauties''.
Return to films
When Valentino returned to the United States, it was to an offer from Ritz-Carlton Pictures (working through Famous Players), which included $7,500 a week, creative control, and filming in New York. Rambova negotiated a two picture deal with Famous Players and four pictures for Ritz Carlton. He accepted, turning down an offer to film an Italian production of ''Quo Vadis'' in Italy.The first film under the new contract was ''Monsieur Beaucaire'', wherein Valentino played the lead, Duke of Chartres. The film did poorly and American audiences found it 'effeminate'. The failure of the film, under Rambova's control, is often seen as proof of her controlling nature and would later cause her to be barred from Valentino sets. Valentino made one final movie for Famous Players. In 1924 he starred in ''The Sainted Devil'', now one of his lost films. It had lavish costumes but apparently a weak story. It opened to strong sales but soon dropped off in attendance and ended up as another disappointment.
With his contract fulfilled, Valentino was released from Famous Players but still obligated to Ritz-Carlton for four films. Valentino's next film was a pet project entitled ''The Hooded Falcon''. The production was beset with problems from the start, beginning with the script written by June Mathis. The Valentinos were dissatisfied with Mathis' version and requested that it be rewritten. Mathis took it as a great insult and did not speak to Valentino for almost two years. While Rambova worked designing costumes and rewriting the script for ''Falcon'', Valentino was persuaded to film ''Cobra'' with Nita Naldi. Valentino agreed only on condition that it not be released until after ''The Hooded Falcon'' debuted.
After filming ''Cobra'', the cast of ''The Hooded Falcon'' sailed for France to be fitted for costumes. After three months, they headed back to the United States, where Valentino's new beard, which he had grown for the film, caused a sensation. The crew and cast headed for Hollywood to begin preparations for the film, but much of the budget was taken up during pre-production. Due to the Valentinos' lavish spending on costumes and sets, Ritz-Carlton terminated the deal with the couple, effectively ending Valentino's contract with Ritz-Carlton.
United Artists
During the filming of ''Monsieur Beaucaire'', both Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks approached Valentino privately, due to his contract with Ritz Carlton, about joining with United Artists. Valentino's contract with United Artists provided $10,000 a week for only three pictures a year, plus a percentage of his films. The contract excluded Rambova from production of his films and the film set. Valentino's acceptance of the terms caused a major rift in his marriage to Rambova. George Ullman, who had negotiated the contract with United Artists, offered Rambova $30,000 to finance a film of her own. It became her one and only film, titled ''What Price Beauty?'' and starred Myrna Loy.Valentino chose his first UA project, ''The Eagle''. With the marriage under strain, Valentino began shooting and Rambova announced that she needed a "marital vacation". During the filming of ''The Eagle'', rumors of an affair with co-star Vilma Bánky were reported and ultimately denied by both Bánky and Valentino. The film opened to positive reviews, but a moderate box office.
For the film's release, Valentino travelled to London, staying there and in France, spending money with abandon while his divorce took place. It would be some time before he made another film, ''The Son of the Sheik'', despite his hatred of the sheik image. The film began shooting in February 1926, with Valentino given his choice of director, and pairing him again with Vilma Banky. The film used the authentic costumes he bought abroad and allowed him to play a dual role. Valentino was ill during production, but needed the money to pay his many debts. The film opened on July 8, 1926 to great fanfare. During the premiere, Valentino was reconciled with Mathis; the two had not spoken in almost two years.
Image
Dating back to the de Saulle trial in New York, during which his masculinity had been questioned in print, Valentino had been very sensitive with his public perception. Women loved him and thought him the epitome of romance. However, American men were less impressed, walking out of his movies in disgust. With the Fairbanks type being the epitome of manhood, Valentino was seen as a threat to the All American man. One man asked in a street interview what he thought of Valentino in 1922 replied, "Many men desire to be another Douglas Fairbanks. But Valentino? I wonder..." Women in the same interview found Valentino, "triumphantly seductive. Puts the love-making of the average husband or sweetheart into discard as tame, flat, and unimpassioned." Men may have wanted to act like Fairbanks, but they copied Valentino's look. A man with perfectly greased-back hair was called a "Vaselino".Some journalists were still calling his masculinity into question, going on at length about his pomaded hair, his dandyish clothing, his treatment of women, his views on women, and whether he was effeminate or not. Valentino hated these stories and was known to carry the clippings of the newspaper articles around with him and criticize them.
In July 1926, The ''Chicago Tribune'' reported that a vending machine dispensing pink talcum powder had appeared in an upscale hotel washroom. An editorial that followed used the story to protest the feminization of American men, and blamed the talcum powder on Valentino and his films. The piece infuriated Valentino and he challenged the writer to a duel and then a boxing match. Neither challenge was answered. Shortly afterward, Valentino met with journalist H.L. Mencken for advice on how best to deal with the incident. Mencken advised Valentino to "let the dreadful farce roll along to exhaustion", but Valentino insisted the editorial was "infamous." Mencken found Valentino to be likable and gentlemanly and wrote sympathetically of him in an article published in the ''Baltimore Sun'' a week after Valentino's death:
After Valentino challenged the ''Tribune'''s anonymous writer to a boxing match, the ''New York Evening Journal'' boxing writer, Frank O'Neill, volunteered to fight in his place. Valentino won the bout which took place on the roof of New York's Ambassador Hotel.
Boxing heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey, who trained Valentino and other Hollywood notables of the era in the art of boxing, said of him "He was the most virile and masculine of men. The women were like flies to a honeypot. He could never shake them off, anywhere he went. What a lovely, lucky guy."
Other ventures
In 1923, Valentino published a book of poetry which entitled ''Day Dreams'', He would later serialize events in various magazines. With ''Liberty'' magazine, he wrote a series entitled, "How You Can Keep Fit" in 1923. "My Life Story" was serialized in ''Photoplay'' during his dance tour. The March issue was one of the best selling ever for the magazine. He followed that with ''My Private Diary'', serialized in ''Movie Weekly'' magazine. Most of the serials were later published as books after his death.Valentino was fascinated with every part of movie-making. During production on a Mae Murray film he spent time studying the director's plans. He craved authenticity and wished to shoot on location, finally forming his own production company, ''Rudolph Valentino Productions'', in 1925. Valentino, George Ullman, and Beatrice Ullman were the incorporators.
On May 14, 1923, while in New York City, Valentino made his only two vocal recordings for Brunswick Records; "Kashmiri Song" (''The Sheik'') and "El Relicario" (''Blood and Sand''). The recordings were not released until after Valentino's death by the Celebrity Recording Company; Brunswick did not release them because Valentino's English/Spanish pronunciation was subpar.
Valentino was one of the first in Hollywood to offer an award for artist accomplishments in films. The Academy Awards would later follow suit. In 1925, he gave out his one and only medal, to John Barrymore, for his performance in ''Beau Brummel''. The award, named ''The Rudolph Valentino Medal'', required the agreement of Valentino, two judges and the votes of 75 critics. Everyone other than Valentino himself was eligible.
Personal life
In 1919, just before the rise of his career, Valentino impulsively married actress Jean Acker who was involved with actress Grace Darmond and Alla Nazimova. Acker got involved with Valentino in part to remove herself from the lesbian love triangle, quickly regretted the marriage, and locked Valentino out of their room on their wedding night. The couple separated soon after, the marriage never consummated. The couple remained legally married until 1921, when Acker sued Valentino for divorce, citing desertion. The divorce was granted with Acker receiving alimony. Despite her antics and use of the name "Mrs. Valentino" (a name to which she had no legal right), she and Valentino eventually renewed their friendship. The two remained friends until his death.Valentino first met Natacha Rambova, a costume designer and art director and protégée of Nazimova, on the set of ''Uncharted Seas'' in 1921. The two worked together on the Nazimova production of ''Camille'', by which time they were romantically involved. They married on May 13, 1922, in Mexicali, Mexico, which resulted in Valentino's arrest for bigamy since he had not been divorced for a full year, as required by California law at the time. Days passed and his studio at the time, Famous Players-Lasky, refused to post bail. Eventually, a few friends were able to post the cash bail.
Having to wait the year or face the possibility of being arrested again, Rambova and Valentino lived in separate apartments in New York City, each with their own roommates. On March 14, 1923, they legally remarried.
Many of Valentino's friends disliked Rambova and found her controlling. During his relationship with her, he lost many friends and business associates, including June Mathis. Toward the end of their marriage, Rambova was banned from his sets by contract. Valentino and Rambova divorced in 1925. The end of the marriage was bitter, with Valentino bequeathing Rambova one dollar in his will.
From the time he died until the 1960s, Valentino's sexuality was not generally questioned. At least four books, particularly ''Hollywood Babylon'', began to perpetuate that he may have been homosexual despite his marriage with Rambova. In fact, the marriages to Acker and Rambova, as well as the relationship with Pola Negri only serves to add to the suspicion that Valentino was homosexual and that these were "lavender marriages", as all have documented lesbian relationships. Such books gave rise to claims that Valentino had a relationship with Ramón Novarro, despite even Novarro stating they barely knew each other. ''Hollywood Babylon'' in particular spread the rumor that Valentino had given Novarro an art deco dildo as a gift, which was found stuffed in his throat at the time of his murder. No such gift ever existed. These books also gave rise to claims that he may have had relationships with both roommates Paul Ivano and Douglas Gerrad, as well as Norman Kerry, openly gay French actor Jacques Herbertot and André Daven. However, Ivano maintained that it was completely untrue and both he and Valentino were heterosexual. Biographers Emily Leider and Allan Ellenberger generally agree that he was most likely straight.
Further evidence that Valentino was gay are documents in the estate of the late author Samuel Steward indicating that Valentino was a sexual partner of his. However, evidence found in Steward's claim was subsequently refuted. In 1924, Valentino recorded an explicit account of a one night stand with another man in his journal.
Shortly before his death, Valentino was dating actress Pola Negri. Upon his death, Negri made a scene at his funeral, claiming they had been engaged. Valentino had never confirmed the engagement claim.
Death and funeral
On August 15, 1926, Valentino collapsed at the Hotel Ambassador in New York City, New York. He was hospitalized at the Polyclinic in New York and an examination showed him to be suffering from appendicitis and gastric ulcers which required an immediate operation. Despite surgery Valentino developed peritonitis. On August 18 his doctors gave an optimistic prognosis for Valentino and told the media that unless Valentino's condition changed for the worse there was no need for updates. However, on August 21 he was stricken with a severe pleuritis relapse that developed rapidly in his left lung due to the actor's weakened condition. The doctors realized that he was going to die, but, as was common at the time with terminal patients, decided to withhold the prognosis from the actor who believed that his condition would pass. During the early hours of August 23, Valentino was briefly conscious and chatted with his doctors about his future. He fell back into a coma and died a few hours later, at the age of 31.An estimated 100,000 people lined the streets of New York City to pay their respects at his funeral, handled by the Frank Campbell Funeral Home. The event was a drama itself: Suicides of despondent fans were reported. Windows were smashed as fans tried to get in and an all day riot erupted on August 24. Over 100 Mounted officers and NYPD's Police Reserve was deployed to restore order. A phalanx of officers would line the streets for the remainder of the viewing. The drama inside would not be outdone. Polish Actress Pola Negri, claiming to be Valentino's fiancee, collapsed in hysterics while standing over the coffin, and Campbell's hired four actors to impersonate a Fascist Blackshirt honor guard, which claimed to have been sent by Benito Mussolini. It was later revealed as a planned publicity stunt. Media reports that the body on display in the main salon was not Valentino but a decoy were continually denied by Campbell.
Valentino's funeral mass in New York was held at Saint Malachy's Roman Catholic Church, often called "The Actor's Chapel", as it is located on West 49th Street in the Broadway theater district, and has a long association with show business figures.
After the body was taken by train across the country, a second funeral was held on the West Coast, at the Catholic Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills. Valentino had no final burial arrangements and his friend June Mathis offered her crypt for him in what she thought would be a temporary solution. However, she died the following year and Valentino was placed in the adjoining crypt. The two are still interred side by side in adjoining crypts at the Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery (now the Hollywood Forever Cemetery) in Hollywood, California.
Estate
Valentino left his estate to his brother, sister, and Rambova's aunt Teresa Werner, who was left the share originally bequeathed to Rambova. His Beverly Hills mansion, Falcon Lair, was later owned by heiress Doris Duke. Duke died there in 1993. The home was later sold and underwent major renovations. The estate was bulldozed in 2006 and put back on the market.Also in 2010, Rudolph Valentino's historic Bayside, Queens, house was restored. John Joseph Fasano, a New York artist, restored all the original mahagony in the famous "Valentino Room". Fasano also painted two traditional murals in oil paint at the estate, and created decorative wall finishes inside the "Valentino Room".
Legacy
After his death many of his films were reissued to help pay his estate expenses. Many were reissued well into the 1930s, long after the demise of silent film. Several books were written including one by Rambova. Several songs, including "There's a New Star in Heaven Tonight" and one by his first wife Jean Acker, entitled "We will meet at the end of the trail", became best sellers. A photomontage print showed Valentino arriving in Heaven and being greeted by Enrico Caruso.Over the years, a "woman in black" carrying a red rose has come to mourn at Valentino's grave, usually on the anniversary of his death. Several myths surround the woman, though it seems the first woman in black was actually a publicity stunt cooked up by press agent Russel Birdwell in 1928. Several copycats have followed over the years.
Valentino has been depicted frequently in literature, most notably in Mitzi Szereto's ''Wicked: Sexy Tales of Legendary Lovers'' and Jacob Appel's ''After Valentino''.
Valentino's hometown of Castellaneta, Italy has created several services in his honor. A Museo Rodolfo Valentino was opened in his childhood home. A Fondazione Rodolfo Valentino was created to promote his life and his work. In 2009 a film school was also opened in his hometown, "Centro Studi Cine Club Rodolfo Valentino Castellaneta." At the centennial of his birth several events were held in his honor. From 1972 to 2006 an Italian acting award, "The Rudolph Valentino Award", was handed out every year. Several actors from all over the world received this award including Leonardo DiCaprio and Elizabeth Taylor.
In 2006, the Italians planned a one-off film festival to celebrate the opening of the Museo Rodolfo Valentino. In May 2010, the American Society held The Rudolph Valentino Film Festival in Los Angeles, California.
Films about Valentino
The life of Rudolph Valentino has been filmed a number of times for television and the big screen. One of these biopics is Ken Russell's 1977 film, ''Valentino'', in which Valentino is portrayed by Rudolf Nureyev. The film itself is only loosely based on his life.An earlier feature film about Valentino's life, also called ''Valentino'', was released in 1951, starring Anthony Dexter as Valentino.
In 2003, Edoardo Ballerini premiered the short film ''Good Night Valentino'' at the Sundance Film Festival to critical acclaim. It is based on the transcripts of the conversation between Rudolph Valentino and H.L. Mencken.
In 2010, Italian film director Giuseppe Sansonna shot the documentary film, ''The Sheik from Castellaneta'', on the cult of Valentino in Castellaneta, where he is still considered a demigod. The film shows the curious, sometimes even grotesque, forms that Valentino's myth has taken in local popular culture.
In 2011 American full length silent film "Death of the Sheik" (Silent Life), directed by Vlad Kozlov, is produced and will be premiered in late 2011 in Hollywood.
The original Royal Hawaiian resort was fashioned in a Spanish-Moorish style which was popular during the time period and influenced by screen star Rudolph Valentino.
Filmography
| ! Year | ! Title | ! Role | Notes |
| 1914 | ''My Official Wife'' | Extra | Uncredited |
| 1914 | Dance Extra | Uncredited | |
| 1916 | ''The Quest of Life'' | Uncredited | |
| 1916 | ''The Foolish Virgin'' | Uncredited | |
| 1916 | ''Seventeen'' | Extra | Uncredited |
| 1917 | ''Alimony'' | Dancer | Uncredited |
| 1917 | ''Patria'' | ||
| 1918 | ''A Society Sensation'' | Dick Bradley | as Rudolpho De Valentina |
| 1918 | ''All Night'' | Richard Thayer | as Rudolpho di Valentina |
| 1918 | ''The Married Virgin'' | Count Roberto di San Fraccini | as Rodolfo di Valentini |
| 1919 | ''The Delicious Little Devil'' | Jimmy Calhoun | as Rudolpho De Valintine |
| 1919 | ''The Big Little Person'' | Arthur Endicott | as M. Rodolpho De Valentina |
| 1919 | ''A Rogue's Romance'' | Apache Dancer | as Rudolph Volantino |
| 1919 | ''The Homebreaker'' | Dance Extra | Uncredited |
| 1919 | ''Out of Luck'' | ||
| 1919 | ''Virtuous Sinners'' | Bit Part | |
| 1919 | ''The Fog'' | ||
| 1919 | ''Nobody Home'' | Maurice Rennard | as Rodolph Valentine |
| 1919 | ''Eyes of Youth'' | Clarence Morgan | as Rudolfo Valentino |
| 1920 | Jose Dalmarez | as Rudolph Valentine | |
| 1920 | Jacques Rudanyi | as Rodolph Valentino | |
| 1920 | ''The Cheater'' | Extra | Uncredited |
| 1920 | ''Passion's Playground'' | Prince Angelo Della Robbia | as Rudolph Valentine |
| 1920 | ''The Wonderful Chance'' | Joe Klingsby | |
| 1921 | Julio Desnoyers | ||
| 1921 | ''Uncharted Seas'' | Frank Underwood | |
| 1921 | ''The Conquering Power'' | Charles Grandet | |
| 1921 | Sheik Ahmed Ben Hassan | ||
| 1921 | Armand Duval / Manon's Lover in Daydream | ||
| 1922 | ''Moran of the Lady Letty '' | Ramon Laredo | |
| 1922 | Lord Hector Bracondale | ||
| 1922 | Juan Gallardo | as Rodolph Valentino | |
| 1922 | ''The Young Rajah'' | Amos Judd, also known as the Maharajah Sirdir Singh | as Rodolph Valentino |
| 1924 | Duke de Chartres/Beaucaire | ||
| 1924 | ''A Sainted Devil'' | Don Alonzo Castro | |
| 1925 | Count Rodrigo Torriani | ||
| 1925 | Lt. Vladimir Dubrovsky, aka The Black Eagle and Marcel Le Blanc | ||
| 1926 | ''The Son of the Sheik'' | Ahmed, the Sheik's Son / Sheik Ahmed Ben Hassan | Final film |
References
Bibliography
External links
Category:American actors Category:Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery Category:Deaths from surgical complications Category:Deaths from peritonitis Category:American people of Italian descent Category:Italian expatriates in the United States Category:Italian actors Category:Italian film actors Category:American film actors Category:Italian emigrants to the United States Category:Italian silent film actors Category:People from the Province of Taranto Category:20th-century actors Category:1895 births Category:1926 deaths
ar:رودلف فالنتينو az:Rudolf Valentino bg:Рудолфо Валентино ca:Rodolfo Valentino da:Rudolph Valentino de:Rudolph Valentino et:Rudolph Valentino es:Rodolfo Valentino eo:Rudolph Valentino eu:Rodolfo Valentino fr:Rudolph Valentino gl:Rodolfo Valentino hr:Rudolph Valentino io:Rodolfo Valentino id:Rudolph Valentino it:Rodolfo Valentino he:רודולף ולנטינו la:Rudolphus Valentino hu:Rudolph Valentino nl:Rudolph Valentino ja:ルドルフ・ヴァレンティノ no:Rudolph Valentino oc:Rodolfo Valentino pl:Rudolf Valentino pt:Rodolfo Valentino ru:Валентино, Рудольф scn:Rudolfu Valintinu simple:Rudolph Valentino sr:Рудолф Валентино sh:Rudolph Valentino fi:Rudolph Valentino sv:Rudolph Valentino roa-tara:Rodolfo Valentino th:รูดอล์ฟ วาเลนติโน tr:Rudolph Valentino uk:Рудольф Валентіно zh:魯道夫·瓦倫蒂諾This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
2:48
Mabel's Dream -- King Oliver's Jazz Band 1923
erwigaudio
Mabel's Dream -- King Oliver's Jazz Band 1923
Mabel's Dream -- King Oliver's Jazz Band 1923 This a track from the famous Oliver/Armstrong recordings. The band plays Mabel's Dream. A famous movie star in those years was Mabel Normand. Could this composition and it's name...
2:52
Riverside Blues -- King Oliver 1923
erwigfilms
Riverside Blues -- King Oliver 1923
Riverside Blues -- King Oliver 1923 It is generally accepted among jazz connoiseurs that Joe "King" Oliver's Creole Jazz Band was the finest Black jazz band ever to make public appearances. With relatively few changes in perso...
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